English Summary

Essay on War and Peace

No doubt war is an evil, the greatest catastrophe that befalls human beings. It brings death and destruction, disease and starvation, poverty, and ruin in its wake.

One has only to look back to the havoc that was wrought in various countries not many years ago, in order to estimate the destructive effects of war. A particularly disturbing side of modern wars is that they tend to become global so that they may engulf the entire world.

But there are people who consider war as something grand and heroic and regard it as something that brings out the best in men, but this does not alter the fact that war is a terrible, dreadful calamity.

This is especially so now that a war will now be fought with atom bombs. Some people say war is necessary. A glance at the past history will tell that war has been a recurrent phenomenon in the history of nation.

No period in world history has been the devastating effects of war. We have had wars of all types long and short. In view of this it seems futile to talk of permanent and everlasting peace or to make plans for the establishment of eternal peace.

We have had advocates of non violence and the theory of the brotherhood of man. We have had the Buddha, Christ and Mahatma Gandhi. But in spite of that, weapons have always been used, military force has always been employed, clashes of arms have always occurred; war has always been waged.

War has indeed been such a marked feature of every age and period that it has come to be regarded As part of the normal life of nations. Machiavelli, the author of the known book, The Prince, defined peace as an interval between two wars Molise, the famous German field marshal declared war to be part of God’s world order.

Poets and prophets have dreamt of a millennium, a utopia in which war will not exist and eternal peace will reign on earth. But these dreams have not been fulfilled. After the Great War of 1914-18, it was thought that there would be no war for a long time to come and an institution called the League of Nations was founded as a safeguard against the outbreak of war.

The occurrence of another war (1939-45), however, conclusively proved that to think of an unbroken peace is to be unrealistic And that no institution or assembly can ever ensure the permanence of peace.

The League of Nations collapsed completely under the tensions and stresses created by Hitler. The United Nations Organization with all the good work that It has been doing is not proving as effective as was desired.

Large numbers of Wars, the most recent ones being the one in Vietnam, the other between India and Pakistan, or indo-china War, Iran-Iraq war or Arab Israel war, have been fought despite the UN. The fact of the matter is that fighting in a natural instinct in man.

When individuals cannot live always in peace, it is, indeed, too much to expect so many nations to live in a state of Eternal peace. Besides, there will always be wide differences of opinion between various nation, different angles of looking at matters that have international importance, radical difference in policy and ideology and these cannot be settled by mere discussions.

So resort to war becomes necessary in such circumstances. Before the outbreak of World War II, for instance, the spread of Communism in Russia created distrust and suspicion in Europe, democracy was an eyesore to Nazi Germany, British Conservatives were apprehensive of the possibility of Britain going Communist.

In short, the political ideology of one country being abhorrent to other times were certainly not conducive to the continuance of peace. Add to all this the traditional enemities between nations and international disharmony that have their roots in past history.

For example, Germany wished to avenge the humiliating terms imposed upon her at the conclusion of the war of 1914-18 and desired to smash the British Empire and establish an empire of her own. Past wounds, in fact, were not healed up and goaded it to take revenge.

A feverish arms race was going on between the hostile nations in anticipation of such an eventuality, and disarmament efforts were proving futile. The Indo-Pakistan war was fought over the Kashmir issue.

The war in Vietnam Was due to ideological differences. It also appears that if peace were to continue for a long period, people would become sick of the monotony of life and would seek war for a changed man is a highly dynamic creature and it seems that he cannot remain contented merely with works of peace-the cultivation of arts, the development of material comforts, the extension of knowledge, the means and appliances of a happy life.

He wants something thrilling and full of excitement and he fights in order to get an outlet for his accumulated energy. It must be admitted, too, that war Has its good side. It spurs men to heroism and self-sacrifice. It is an incentive to scientific research and development. War is obviously an escape from the lethargy of peace.

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Essay on Peace

500 words essay peace.

Peace is the path we take for bringing growth and prosperity to society. If we do not have peace and harmony, achieving political strength, economic stability and cultural growth will be impossible. Moreover, before we transmit the notion of peace to others, it is vital for us to possess peace within. It is not a certain individual’s responsibility to maintain peace but everyone’s duty. Thus, an essay on peace will throw some light on the same topic.

essay on peace

Importance of Peace

History has been proof of the thousands of war which have taken place in all periods at different levels between nations. Thus, we learned that peace played an important role in ending these wars or even preventing some of them.

In fact, if you take a look at all religious scriptures and ceremonies, you will realize that all of them teach peace. They mostly advocate eliminating war and maintaining harmony. In other words, all of them hold out a sacred commitment to peace.

It is after the thousands of destructive wars that humans realized the importance of peace. Earth needs peace in order to survive. This applies to every angle including wars, pollution , natural disasters and more.

When peace and harmony are maintained, things will continue to run smoothly without any delay. Moreover, it can be a saviour for many who do not wish to engage in any disrupting activities or more.

In other words, while war destroys and disrupts, peace builds and strengthens as well as restores. Moreover, peace is personal which helps us achieve security and tranquillity and avoid anxiety and chaos to make our lives better.

How to Maintain Peace

There are many ways in which we can maintain peace at different levels. To begin with humankind, it is essential to maintain equality, security and justice to maintain the political order of any nation.

Further, we must promote the advancement of technology and science which will ultimately benefit all of humankind and maintain the welfare of people. In addition, introducing a global economic system will help eliminate divergence, mistrust and regional imbalance.

It is also essential to encourage ethics that promote ecological prosperity and incorporate solutions to resolve the environmental crisis. This will in turn share success and fulfil the responsibility of individuals to end historical prejudices.

Similarly, we must also adopt a mental and spiritual ideology that embodies a helpful attitude to spread harmony. We must also recognize diversity and integration for expressing emotion to enhance our friendship with everyone from different cultures.

Finally, it must be everyone’s noble mission to promote peace by expressing its contribution to the long-lasting well-being factor of everyone’s lives. Thus, we must all try our level best to maintain peace and harmony.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Peace

To sum it up, peace is essential to control the evils which damage our society. It is obvious that we will keep facing crises on many levels but we can manage them better with the help of peace. Moreover, peace is vital for humankind to survive and strive for a better future.

FAQ of Essay on Peace

Question 1: What is the importance of peace?

Answer 1: Peace is the way that helps us prevent inequity and violence. It is no less than a golden ticket to enter a new and bright future for mankind. Moreover, everyone plays an essential role in this so that everybody can get a more equal and peaceful world.

Question 2: What exactly is peace?

Answer 2: Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in which there is no hostility and violence. In social terms, we use it commonly to refer to a lack of conflict, such as war. Thus, it is freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups.

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War and Peace

Leo tolstoy, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

War and Peace: Introduction

War and peace: plot summary, war and peace: detailed summary & analysis, war and peace: themes, war and peace: quotes, war and peace: characters, war and peace: symbols, war and peace: theme wheel, brief biography of leo tolstoy.

War and Peace PDF

Historical Context of War and Peace

Other books related to war and peace.

  • Full Title: War and Peace
  • When Written: 1863
  • Where Written: Yasnaya Polyana, Russia
  • When Published: 1865–1867 (serialized), 1869 (book)
  • Literary Period: Golden Age of Russian Literature
  • Genre: Realistic fiction, epic historical novel
  • Setting: Russia, Austria, and Poland in 1805–1820
  • Climax: The Battle of Borodino in 1812 and Prince Andrei’s subsequent death, also Pierre’s befriending of Platon Karataev
  • Antagonist: France and Napoleon, as well as the lack of meaning in life, loss of ideals, and death
  • Point of View: Third person omniscient

Extra Credit for War and Peace

Tolstoyan Legacy. Tolstoy’s writings My Confession , The Kingdom of God Is Within You , and A Letter to a Hindu professed ideals of pacifism and nonviolent resistance that influenced the thought of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. In fact, Tolstoy and Gandhi corresponded for about a year (1909–1910), and Gandhi named a South African ashram “Tolstoy Farm.”

Natasha & Pierre. Dave Malloy wrote a musical adaptation of War and Peace (specifically, Volume II, Part Five) called Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 . The musical premiered in 2012 and had its Broadway debut in 2016, garnering numerous Tony nominations. Notable performances have included Hamilton ’s Phillipa Soo playing Natasha Rostov and Josh Groban playing Pierre.

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War and Peace in Modern World Essay

Introduction.

In our world of ever-increasing number of innovations and informational technologies there is hardly a problem which cannot be solved. The scientists are working out the medicines which can cure even AIDs and cancer, regardless the fact that the diseases which were considered fatal a couple of decades ago can be easily cured now. The world has developed a global network for communication and each day offers new inventions in which our ancestors would never believe in if in their times they heard that something like this would ever be possible to invent. Nevertheless, there remains one big problem the modern society seems to be unable to deal with. Every day we continue to listen to news reports about numerous cases of violence, crimes, natural disasters and wars, which in some parts of the world have lasted over the years and seem to never stop. At this, the reasons of the wars are in fact insignificant and seem to be not serious enough for starting something as terrible as a war. No matter how strange and unfair it may seem, but innocent people give their lives for a miserable strip of land which two governments of the belligerent countries are unable to share or because of the desire of one country to prove that it is more powerful than any other. And here the question arises: When will people all over the world stop wars and finally understand that wars and international conflicts are just a mere waste of money and, what is the most important, of human lives? Is that strip of land worth those losses and sufferings of innocent people involved in wars because of misunderstandings and inability to settle the governmental matters peacefully? Living in peace and prosperity is possible but a lot has to be done in order to achieve peaceful coexistence of different countries and their people in this small world which cannot function properly because of something people missed when forming their society.

First of all, people should admit that it is because of each of them that this world cannot become perfect and agree to introduce some changes into their lives. Everything depends on people and their desire to live peacefully: “Attempting to achieve world peace would mean that the people in this world would have to be willing to make some minor changes in the way we govern ourselves on this earth. Common sense should tell us that the best way to put an end to wars or military conflicts is to create a fully civilized world.” (Jim Des Rocher, 7). It should be admitted that a lot here depends on the government of each country because it is namely governments together with the world leaders who are responsible for wars and international conflict. Constant fighting for power and deciding who is the strongest and who should rule this world leads to what we have now and what will be very difficult to change. It should be realized that not only people of each country should become civilized but the governments as well because welfare of the whole world rather than of separate countries is at stake and with each day the risk of the world to get consumed with uncontrolled violence is increasing. Creating a civilized society will help in achieving world peace and proving to each other that living peacefully in prosperity is not only possible to achieve but is easy to maintain once the desired is already attained: “Civilized countries settle their disputes peacefully. Once you have established a civilized world the chances for military conflicts goes away.” (Jim Des Rocher, 33).

Second, to mention but not less important on the way of achieving world peace is bringing up of such qualities as compassion, justice and mutual forgiveness each of which is necessary for proper functioning of a society. It is striking how brutal and hard-hearted the people of our generation became. Everybody is obsessed with money and is ready to hurt and kill the others in order to gain more money, get promoted or achieve something in this life. Most of people do not care about the others and stopped helping each other though mutual readiness has always been the basis of a successful and prospering society. If mutual assistance becomes a part of each person’s life it will be a grain of mustard seed on the way of achieving world peace. It is also necessary for justice to rule the world for everybody to get proper punishment and for all people to live in fair conditions: “Peace seems to conflict with justice; the one deletes the past, the other acts on it” (Martin Ramirez, 65). Justice should be an integral part of each society for its members to feel secured and to know that their misdeeds will be punished. And as for mutual forgiveness, this noble quality will help make the world understanding and sensible. Learning to forgive should be a part of each person’s life as only being able to forgive the others one can earn a chance to be forgiven: “To seek peace through forgiveness is a life’s program, and it is a worthwhile risk even to the extent of heroism. But one cannot forget that forgiveness also has its own demands: truth (recognition of the crime) and justice (reparation), together with the guarantee that it will not be repeated.” (Martin Ramirez, 65).

And the final important factor directly influencing the world peace is religion. There exist three main religions in this world and supporters of each of them believe that only their religion is the only true one whereas the rest do not have any right for existence. Religion matters have always caused conflicts and to fight this problem is senseless that’s why one has just to face the reality. Modern society does not make tries to introduce a single religion or to abolish religion as such because the history proved that it will get back to the society as it is an essential part of it. Religion gives people hope for the best and turning to God for help they believe sincerely that everything possible will be done in order to make their lives better. World peace depends on the peace of society thus on the peace of each person. If chaos rules the world not a single person will find peace in him and vice versa. The task of people is to support faith in each other and never to let troubles weaken their faith because if the religion won’t be practiced world peace will be out of the question. Religion makes people intelligent and understanding, well-disposed, noble and generous. Without religion they will become aggressive, arrogant, self-centered and this will cause conflicts all around the world. This is why religion should be freely and widely practised in order to make all people believe that if they treat each other well, if they support each other and do not forget about morality they make a contribution into a difficult but rewarding process of achieving world peace and prosperity.

To sum it up, the modern world full of violence and brutality, ruled by those who being in constant pursuit of power use innocent people to prove that their country is the strongest badly needs some improvements because now it is in danger of collapse and each day is being destroyed by people who live in it. To achieve world peace and prosperity seems impossible but just as a lot of other great deeds what it requires is time, efforts and strong desire to change the life of every person for better. It is possible to make this world better even if not perfect and keys to this are the building of a civilized society where both people and government will be civilized, the desire of each person to eradicate his/her shortcomings by trying to develop such qualities as compassion, justice and mutual forgiveness. On top of this all stands the religion which irrespective of its kind keeps people united and gives them hope for the best. Provided that all these points are taken into consideration and put into life the necessary result will be achieved and our world spoiled by money and power will turn into what every person dreams about – a world with no sufferings and grief where people care about each other and are not afraid for their future.

Jim Des Rocher. (2004). How to Achieve World Peace: The Second Greatest Book Ever Written. Trafford Publishing.

J. Martin Ramirez. (2007). Peace Through Dialogue. International Journal on World Peace, 24 (1), 65.

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1. IvyPanda . "War and Peace in Modern World." October 23, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/war-and-peace-in-modern-world/.

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Essay on War and Peace

Students are often asked to write an essay on War and Peace in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on War and Peace

Understanding war and peace.

War and peace are two sides of the same coin, representing conflict and harmony respectively. War often arises from disagreements, leading to violence and destruction. On the other hand, peace symbolizes tranquility, unity, and cooperation.

The Impact of War

War can cause immense suffering and loss. It destroys homes, breaks families, and causes physical and emotional pain. Moreover, it can lead to economic instability and environmental damage, affecting future generations.

The Importance of Peace

Peace is essential for the well-being of individuals and societies. It fosters growth, prosperity, and happiness. Peace encourages dialogue, understanding, and mutual respect, helping to resolve conflicts peacefully.

250 Words Essay on War and Peace

Introduction.

War and peace, two contrasting states, have shaped human civilization, politics, and cultural identity. The dichotomy between these two conditions is not merely a matter of physical conflict or tranquility but extends to philosophical, psychological, and ethical dimensions.

War: A Double-Edged Sword

War, often perceived as destructive, has paradoxically been a catalyst for some societal advancements. Technological innovations, political shifts, and social change have all been byproducts of war. However, the cost of these “benefits” is immense, leading to loss of life, displacement, and socioeconomic upheavals.

The Necessity of Peace

Peace, on the other hand, is a state of harmony and cooperation, conducive to prosperity, growth, and human development. It fosters an environment where creativity, innovation, and collaboration can thrive. Peace is not merely the absence of war but also the presence of justice and equality, which are fundamental for sustainable development.

Striking a Balance

The challenge lies in striking a balance between the pursuit of peace and the inevitability of war. This balance is not about accepting war as a necessary evil, but about understanding its causes and working towards preventing them. Peacebuilding efforts should focus on addressing root causes of conflict, like inequality and injustice, and promoting dialogue, understanding, and cooperation.

In conclusion, the complex relationship between war and peace is a reflection of the human condition. Striving for peace while understanding the realities of war is a delicate but necessary balance we must achieve. It is through this equilibrium that we can hope to progress as a society, ensuring a better future for generations to come.

500 Words Essay on War and Peace

War and peace are two polar opposites, yet they are inextricably linked in the complex tapestry of human history. They represent the dual nature of humanity: our capacity for both destruction and harmony. This essay explores the intricate relationship between war and peace, the impacts they have on societies, and the philosophical perspectives that underpin both.

The Dualism of War and Peace

War and peace are not merely states of conflict and tranquility, but rather manifestations of human nature and societal structures. War, in its essence, is a reflection of our primal instincts for survival, dominance, and territoriality. It exposes the darker side of humanity, where violence and power struggles prevail. Conversely, peace symbolizes our capacity for cooperation, empathy, and mutual understanding. It showcases the brighter side of humanity, where dialogue and diplomacy reign.

Impacts of War and Peace

The impacts of war and peace are profound and far-reaching. War, while destructive, has often catalyzed technological advancement and societal change. The World Wars, for instance, led to the development of nuclear technology and the establishment of international bodies like the United Nations. However, the cost of war is immense, leading to loss of life, economic devastation, and psychological trauma.

On the other hand, peace allows societies to flourish. It fosters economic growth, social development, and cultural exchange. Yet, peace is not merely the absence of war. It requires active effort to maintain social justice, equality, and mutual respect among diverse groups.

Philosophical Perspectives

War and peace have been subjects of philosophical debate for centuries. Realists argue that war is an inevitable part of human nature and international relations, while idealists contend that peace can be achieved through international cooperation and diplomacy.

Philosophers like Thomas Hobbes viewed humans as naturally combative, necessitating strong governance to maintain peace. Conversely, Immanuel Kant argued for ‘Perpetual Peace’ through democratic governance and international cooperation. These differing viewpoints reflect the complexity of war and peace, and the ongoing struggle to reconcile our violent instincts with our aspirations for a peaceful world.

In conclusion, war and peace are multifaceted concepts that reveal much about the human condition. Understanding their dynamics is crucial to shaping a world that leans towards peace, even as it acknowledges the realities of war. The challenge lies in mitigating the triggers of war and nurturing the conditions for peace. It is a task that requires not just political and diplomatic effort, but also a deep introspection into our collective values and aspirations.

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  • Social Issues

Essay on War and Peace

War is a state of armed conflict between nations, states or groups, usually led by someone. War is something that happens unplanned, but inevitably. It can happen anywhere, at any time regardless of the situation it’s causing, nor the damage it does. It affects everyone and everything. It is indestructible, causing death and destruction. So why does it occur?

War and peace are in a way, consequences of actions, words, ideas or goals that a person displays. It depends on the people/opposers who determine whether they are “good” or agreeable. This leads to war or enables peace. For years, people have been in arguments that elevate and eventually lead to war. This is likely to continue happening in the future. At present there is war in many countries in the world. Most reasons for war can be narrowed down to economic, political and military factors. It is in human nature that when we want something, if nothing else works to believe in using force to obtain or fulfill our needs. And in using force, we are inclined to get through anything in our pathway to our view of success. But what if we turned to peace? On the infrequent occurrences when war resided due to peace on both or either sides, it was for the better. When comparing war and peace in any circumstance, when has the former been a better solution? And this is thinking reasonably while considering all aspects. Of course, there is a level of understanding that I don’t have, but it is not inaccurate from a general point of view.

If peace overruled war, there wouldn’t be death of beings. Damage to lives, people, animals, nature, property would be almost nonexistent. There would be less pain and heartache over meaningless fighting. Declaring war is also a display of power and/or dominance. The film “Princess Mononoke” shows the animals living in the forest who defend the forest spirit seeing the humans who oppose them as monsters. When the war ends, the nature that was previously destroyed comes back to life, showing them the beauty of the things they ruined. They show the animals as hopeless unless they fight. In this situation, war was unavoidable, with a power hungry leader opposing the forest. At times like this, war is inexorable. It just comes to show that sometimes, one has to defend oneself unless they are ready to lose everything they have. The film also gives a demonstration of a tyrannical leader (Lady Eboshi) who wants something that will destroy everything. Yet, they won’t give up. 

There can be love found in anything if you try hard enough. We are capable of showing love and maintaining peace to everyone and everything deserving. Not that you should show it to someone who is undeserving of your compassion and attempts unneededly, but everyone deserves a chance to fix their mistakes, whether it be through actions, words or thoughts that they committed it.

I believe that we should try to avoid war at all costs. In the rare position in which war is unavoidable, then take action. Otherwise, peace will always be superior to war.

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War & Peace

"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones." Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955), theoretical physicist
  • February 9, 2022
  • General English

Home » War & Peace

Latest lesson plans

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This free ESL lesson plan on war and peace has been designed for adults and young adults at an intermediate (B1/B2) to advanced (C1/C2) level and should last around 45 to 60 minutes for one student.

While there are currently more than 50 wars being fought around the world, resulting in the deaths of thousands and thousands every year, the trend since the end of the Cold War has been a steady reduction in deaths caused by conflict. This has led many to conclude that war is on its way out. Reasons for this, they proclaim, are the spread of democracy and globalisation of trade. Liberal democracies, so the theory goes, don’t wage war against each other. But we are entering a phase in history similar to other times in the past when global powers are competing to spread their spheres of influence. Alliances are forming, and the world is once again separating itself into opposing camps. Will we learn the mistakes of the past, or are we doomed to repeat them again? In this ESL lesson plan on war and peace, students will have the opportunity to discuss and express their opinions on issues such as the causes of war and how to prevent them.

This lesson plan could also be used with your students to debate these issues for the International Day of Peace , which takes place in September. For more lesson plans on international days and important holidays, see the  calendar of world days  to plan your classes for these special occasions.

For advice on how to use this English lesson plan and  other lesson plans  on this site, see the  guide for ESL teachers .

PRE-CLASS ACTIVITIES

Reading activity Before the English class, send the following article to the students and ask them to read it while making a list of any new vocabulary or phrases they find (explain any the students don’t understand in the class):

The National Interest | World War III? Here Are 5 Conflict Hotspots to Keep an Eye On

The article lists five ongoing conflicts, or sources of tension, that have the potential to bubble over into a much wider conflict involving the world’s military powers. What do they think about the issues raised in the article? Do they agree with what was said? Can they think of any ways they might disagree with the content of the article?

Video activity To save time in class for the conversation activities, the English teacher can ask the students to watch the video below and answer the listening questions in Section 3 of the lesson plan at home. The questions for the video are styled in a way similar to an exam like the IELTS.

The video for this class is a called “Rules of war (in a nutshell) | The Laws Of War” by International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which explains the rules of war and how they are designed to protect civilians caught in the middle of conflicts.

IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES

The focus in the class is on conversation in order to help improve students’ fluency and confidence when speaking in English as well as boosting their vocabulary.

This lesson opens with a short discussion about the article the students read before the class. Next, the students can give their opinion on the quote at the beginning of the lesson plan – what they think the quote means and if they agree with it. This is followed by an initial discussion on the topic including major wars from history, concerns over future wars, and which causes the students would be prepared to fight for.

After this, students will learn some vocabulary connected with war and peace such as war crime , civil war and collateral damage . This vocabulary has been chosen to boost the students’ knowledge of less common vocabulary that could be useful for preparing for English exams like IELTS or TOEFL. The vocabulary is accompanied by a cloze activity and a speaking activity to test the students’ comprehension of these words.

If the students didn’t watch the video before the class, they can watch it after the vocabulary section and answer the listening questions. Before checking the answers, ask the students to give a brief summary of the video and what they thought about the content.

Finally, there is a more in-depth conversation about war and peace. In this speaking activity, students will talk about issues such as the justifications for war, how future wars will be fought, and whether war is the result of human nature.

After the class, students will write about their opinion of war and peace. This could be a short paragraph or a longer piece of writing depending on what level the student is at. The writing activity is designed to allow students to practise and improve their grammar with the feedback from their teacher. For students who intend to take an international English exam such as IELTS or TOEFL, there is an alternative essay question to practise their essay-writing skills.

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2 thoughts on “War & Peace”

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This activity is amazing. Thank you very much for sharing it

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Thank you so much for such fantastic job! I am going to use it with my C1 students. I really appreciate your work.

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Essay on War and Peace

war and peace essay in english

People enjoyed perfect happiness without fear or sorrow or disease. Everyone was in harmony with his neighbour. The four pillars of religion-truth, purity, mercy and charity-stood firm in all the world. None was poor and none was unfortunate. The goat and the lion lived in peace together.

Such was the time of peace there. The above conditions show the contrast between western society and peace loving humanity. Literature and history gives us many bad examples of war and its hardening effect on human mind.

The war in old days was based on the “laws of war”. Thus, in the midst of war men learn self-control, fulfil their promise not to destroy public propety and notto slay innocent people at large. With this practiced self control they were able to learn the way of peace even in wars. War passes, peace succeeds. And men will remember the wars of the past-the wars of the Greeks and the Roman, of Europe and Napolean, Japan, China, America-as dreams of awful times in the history of mankind but time that will never come again.

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Essay On War And Peace – For All Class Students

war and Peace Essay

Essay On War And Peace

Man, the noblest child of Nature, has waged wars among themselves to fulfill his own selfish desires or to satisfy his eccentric purposes. In the process of the gradual evolution of civilization, many by-products have emerged.

War is the ultimate consequence of these by-products. The man at times has made a shamble of this patient earth. He has thrown into dust the palaces he made with his own hands, has tinged his hands with the sacred blood of his own brethren. He has at times played with life as if it were a trifling plaything. But peace-loving people do not want war, what they want are peace and happiness.

Naturally, man is thirsty for peace. He believes in peace. Yet why do wars take place? Maybe man acquired some amount of beastliness from the struggles he had to do with wild animals and natural calamities in the ancient times. Or maybe some people are inherently beastlike by birth.

But whatever the reason, though they want to disguise their beastlike nature under the costumes of modern education etiquettes and modesty, their real nature at times gets disclosed. Then we see the primitive intransigent beast in him. Such people are always fond of destruction games. And war is an inevitable consequence of their willful thoughts and desires.

The world could have become a good paradise by virtue of the gifts it was offered by the industrial revolution in Europe. But, much to peoples’ surprise, by being instigated by a handful of greedy people, some countries of Europe spread over the other parts of the world with the power in hand which the revolution equipped them with.

An orgy of blood started. They started to exploit the power of science to fulfill their ill-motives. They not only robbed people of their wealth, but they also sucked their blood, killed them, tortured them; and more pitiably, they waged wars as and when they met problems in the distribution of power and wealth with their rival robbers. Thus war broke out like an epidemic almost all over the world. The current trend of the world is but an extension of that historical evil.

Don’t Forget to Check: Essay in English

War means destruction, carnage, and a backward movement from progress. People thrills at the destruction and decimation that took place at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Thousands of innocent men women and children who were blithely thriving in the free atmosphere of nature had to die an immature death. War is, therefore, a curse.

No party benefits from it-neither the winner nor the defeated. The nacked danger of war has been seen in the Gulf-war, in the freedom struggle of Chechnia, in the civil war of Bosnia and Afganistan, in the freedom struggle of Palestine, and in dozens of other wars.

From the legendary and mythological history, we hear of the devastating battles of Lanka, Troy, and Karbala. None of these wars has ever brought about any good for any human being or tribe or nation. It is, undoubtedly, always destructive.

To what direction is the world moving in this age? Where can we hunt the elusive golden-deer of peace? When we look at the developed countries, we have little hope seeing that they are being. tickled by arms-competition. Under the veil of fake fraternity and courtesy flash the savage fangs of doubts and disbelieves.

The fundamental philosophical contradiction between socialism and democracy is always fanning the cinder of an ever-living outrageous war among various countries. However, people have taken a revolutionary initiative to catch hold of the golden-deer of peace by establishing the United Nations Organization. Now there are many official discussion-rooms in Geneva for peace talks. One scholar, during the second world war, made the following comment about Geneva.

“Geneva gave me the impression of archaeological remains, with the dead bodies of hundreds of international organizations that had their headquarters there.”

Perhaps the same comments, at least to some extent, can be made of today’s UNO.

Peace is like happiness—the more given away, the more received. And maybe that is why there is a paucity of them both in today’s world. Here most people, at least most of those who lead other people, are very greedy, egotistic, or self centred.

Each of them has different aims, different purposes, different ways. But if there were only one main goal of everyone-world-peace, then there would actually be peace. No matter whatever the difference between various systems or philosophical beliefs, we all can easily disregard it for a greater peaceful world.

We have to ensure nonproliferation and mutual tolerance. The UNO should now come forward with more strength and liberality. We have built up our civilization by thousands of years of effort. So, we must not damage it, or let anyone damage it simply because we or somebody of us is angered. “We must love one another or die.”

Essay About War

Effects of war on civilization:.

Introduction: Civilization is a way of life in which the wilder passions of humanity are restrained, the nobler instincts and inclinations are developed and allowed to prevail. As civilized men we want the all-around development of human culture, literature, science and the arts, giving goodbye to the jungle laws, In a word, civilization is a state when the highest ideals of the human society are attained.

All things are naturally and spontaneously reflected in man’s thoughts and actions. If we admire the civilization of ancient Greece and Rome, it is not for the wars that they waged, but for their literature, art, and architecture, their philosophic thoughts.

Historical background : History teaches us one thing, that is, man has attained his highest civilization in times of peace. The military success of ancient time was only to illustrate the greatness of the human mind that then exploits of heroic fighters displayed. But imagine the cost of wars. Men, money and material have been wasted for sheer destruction.

War-lords often claims that war is a healthy tonic and should be waged to re-establish moral values. They offer a dangerous plea – that war is unavoidable and that civilization has progressed in the powder cart. But compare the achievements of the premise paths of peach in the tapoban of ancient Greece, or the schools and University of the modern world. The argument that some thinkers advance that war is necessary for the development of many virtues. am a

A sentiment: Civilization is a sentiment which results in peace. So disturbance of peace destroys the conditions on which civilization depends. In the first place, war rouses the brutal passions of the human mind where man is less than human. It is Organised butchery, mass killing of young men at the doorstep of life, Civilization implies a high standard of social behavior that encourages the finer sentiments; jet Loro Sebi

A destructive science: War is a science of destruction. It is not certainly favourable to these. On the contrary, it makes men cruel, greedy and selfish. More war carries destruction what man has created over the years. Modern war carries destruction even to areas of peace, inhabited by civil population.

Cities and corn fields and bridges and factories are blasted out by heavy bombing from the air. It puts back the hands of the progress of years, and man has to build afresh what he had created with so much money and toil.

Finally, modern war demands a people’s all-out efforts, and little time left to devote to art and architecture. To be thinking all the time

war and peace essay in english

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War and Peace

By leo tolstoy, war and peace sources and classicnote author.

  • Abigail Lind, author of ClassicNote. Completed on July 03, 2012, copyright held by GradeSaver.
  • Updated and revised by S.R. Cedars July 18, 2012. Copyright held by GradeSaver.
  • Leo Tolstoy. War and Peace . New York: Vintage Classics, 2008.
  • Jeffra Flaitz. The Ideology of English: French Perceptions of English as a World Language . Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 1988.
  • Roberta J.M. Olson, Jay M. Pasachoff, and Colin Pillinger. Fire in the Sky: Comets and Meteors, the Decisive Centuries, in British Art and Science . New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

John Hagan. "A Pattern of Character Development in War and Peace: P'er Bezuxov." Texas Studies in Literature and Language (Summer 1969): 985-1011.

  • Orlando Figes. "Tolstoy's Real Hero." The New York Review of Books . 2007-11-22. 2012-06-12. < http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2007/nov/22/tolstoys-real-hero/?pagination=false >.
  • William Silvester. "Tsar Alexander I of Russia." Suite101 . 2008-11-09. 2012-06-16. < http://suite101.com/article/tsar-alexander-of-russia-a77248 >.
  • "The Comet Primer." Cometography . 1995-11-06. 2012-06-21. < http://cometography.com/educate/comintro.html >.
  • Michael Wood. "Crabby, Prickly, Bitter, Harsh." London Review of Books . 2008-05-22. 2012-06-21. < http://www.lrb.co.uk/v30/n10/michael-wood/crabby-prickly-bitter-harsh >.
  • Leon Neyfakh. "The War Over War and Peace." The New York Observer . 2007-08-23. 2012-07-02. < http://observer.com/2007/08/the-war-over-iwar-and-peacei/ >.
  • Mona Simpson. "Found in Translation?." The Atlantic Monthly . 2006-04-01. 2012-07-03. < http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/04/found-in-translation/4725/2/?single_page=true >.
  • Patrick Crabtree. "Which Translation of 'War and Peace' Should I read?." The Ospodillo News . 2011-02-22. 2012-07-03. < http://ospidillo-blog.blogspot.com/2011/02/which-translation-of-war-and-peace.html >.
  • Adam Thirlwell. "A Masterpiece in Miniature." The Guardian . 2005-10-07. 2012-07-03. < http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/oct/08/classics.leonikolaevichtolstoy >.

GradeSaver will pay $15 for your literature essays

War and Peace Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for War and Peace is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

With which statement would the author most likely agree 

I'm sorry, "with which statement" implies this is a multiple choice question. Please provide all necessary information in your posts.

how did rostov distinguish himself in his first real battle.

D:he led a calavry charge down a hill and caputred a french captain.

Why does Prince Andrew's father insist his son goes abroad for a year.

Prince Andrew wishes to marry, and his does not approve. He tells his son to wait a year and go abroad, hoping that the time away, in addition to the experiences, will change his mind about rushing into marriage.

Study Guide for War and Peace

War and Peace study guide contains a biography of Leo Tolstoy, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

  • About War and Peace
  • War and Peace Summary
  • Character List

Essays for War and Peace

War and Peace essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy.

  • Pierre's Abortive Mission
  • Self-Begotten Fantasy in Gatsby and War and Peace: Satiating the Spiritual Void
  • Liza's Significance in War and Peace
  • The Question of Suicide in War and Peace and Anna Karenina
  • The Tolstoyan Ideal of Divine Love: Platon and Natasha Examined

Lesson Plan for War and Peace

  • About the Author
  • Study Objectives
  • Common Core Standards
  • Introduction to War and Peace
  • Relationship to Other Books
  • Bringing in Technology
  • Notes to the Teacher
  • Related Links
  • War and Peace Bibliography

E-Text of War and Peace

War and Peace e-text contains the full text of War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy.

  • Book I, Chapters 1-5
  • Book I, Chapters 6-10
  • Book I, Chapters 11-15
  • Book I, Chapters 16-20
  • Book I, Chapters 21-25

Wikipedia Entries for War and Peace

  • Introduction
  • Composition history
  • Background and historical context

war and peace essay in english

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Essay on War - A nation or organisation may turn to war to reach its goals, but what is the actual cost of progress? Countless lives have been lost to war and continue to be lost. It costs a lot of money and resources as well. Wars have always been brutal, deadly, and tragic, from the American Revolution to World Wars I and II to the Crusades and the ancient Hundred Years' War. Here are a few sample essays on "war" .

War Essay

100 Words Essay on War

The greatest destroyers of people in modern times are wars. No matter who wins a war, mankind loses in every case. Millions of people have died in battles during the past century, with World Wars I and II being the worst. Wars are typically fought to protect a nation. Whatever the motive, it is hazardous conduct that results in the loss of millions of priceless innocent lives and has dangerous impacts that even future generations will have to deal with.

The results of using nuclear bombs are catastrophic. The weapons business benefits when there is a war elsewhere in the world because it maintains its supply chain. Weapons that cause massive destruction are being made bigger and better. The only way to end wars is to raise awareness among the general public.

200 Words Essay on War

Without a doubt, war is terrible, and the most devastating thing that can happen to humans. It causes death and devastation, illness and poverty, humiliation and destruction. To evaluate the devastation caused by war, one needs to consider the havoc that was wrecked on several nations not too many years ago. A particularly frightening ability of modern wars is that they tend to become global so that they may absorb the entire world. The fact that some people view war as a great and heroic adventure that brings out the best in people does not change the fact that it is a horrible tragedy.

This is more true now that atomic weapons will be used to fight a war. War, according to some, is required. Looking at the past reveals that war has drastically changed throughout the nation's history. The destructive impacts of war have never been more prevalent in human history. We have experienced lengthy and brief wars of various kinds. There have been supporters of nonviolence and the brotherhood of man. Buddha, Christ, and Mahatma Gandhi have all lived. Despite this, war has always been fought, weapons are always used, military power has always been deployed, and there have always been armies in war.

500 Words Essay on War

If we take a closer look at human history, it will become evident that conflicts have existed ever since the primitive eras. Although efforts have been made to end it, this has not been successful so far. Thus, it appears that we are unable to achieve eternal peace. Many defend wars by claiming that nature's rules require them. Charles Darwin is placed in front of them to illustrate their point. He was the one who created the rule of the fittest. He claimed that everything in nature, whether alive or dead, is constantly engaged in a battle for survival. Only the strongest will survive in this fight. Therefore, it is believed that without battle, humankind won't be able to progress.

Impacts of War

People fail to see that war invariably results in severe damage. They ignored the nonviolent principles taught by Mahatma Gandhi, who used them to liberate his country from the shackles of slavery. They fail to consider that if Gandhi could push out the powerful Britishers without resorting to violence, why shouldn't others do the same? Wars are unavoidable calamities, and there are no words to adequately depict the vast quantity and scope of their tragedies. The atrocities of the two world wars must never be forgotten. There was tremendous murder and property devastation during the battles. There were thousands of widows and orphans. War spreads falsehoods and creates hatred. People start acting brutally selfishly. Humanity and morals suffer as a result.

War is an Enemy

War is the enemy of all humanity and human civilisation. Nothing positive can come of it. Consequently, it should never be celebrated in any way. In addition to impeding national progress, it undermines social cohesion. It slows down the rate of human progress. Wars are not the answer to the world's issues. Instead, they cause issues and generate hatred among nations. War can settle one issue but creates far too many other ones. The two most horrific examples of the war's after-effects are Hiroshima and Nagasaki. People are still enduring the effects of war 77 years later. Whatever the reason for war, it always ends in the widespread loss of human life and property.

Disadvantages of War

Massive human deaths and injuries, the depletion of financial resources, environmental degradation, lost productivity, and long-term harm to military personnel are all drawbacks of war. Families are split apart by war. Both towns and cities are destroyed by it. People become more sensitive, and every industry faces collapse. People’s health declines physically and they lose their sense of security. They won't have any security, and those who win the battle will treat the citizens of the defeated nation as their slaves and prohibit them from the right to work. After the war, there will be a lack of jobs and corruption issues for the nation to deal with.

Russia – Ukraine War

The world saw great turmoil beginning in February 2022 with the Russian-Ukraine War. Russia's invasion of Ukraine was the most serious conventional attack on a nation, bringing a severe economic crisis to the world. India has taken a neutral stance for Russia, keeping in mind the two countries' long-standing alliance, especially in its foreign policies and positive international relationships. Russia was concerned about Ukraine's security due to its intention to join NATO and invaded Ukraine in 2014. Additionally, Russia provided help to the rebels in the eastern Ukrainian districts of Donetsk and Luhansk.

The war between Russia and Ukraine has had a substantial impact on oil prices and other commodity prices, as well as increased trade uncertainty. India has economic troubles due to Western countries' supply disruptions and limited trade with Russia.

War has historically been the worst mark on humanity. Although it was made by man, it is now beyond the power of any human force. To preserve humanity, the entire human species must now reflect on this. Otherwise, neither humanity nor war will survive.

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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War and Peace Exercise : Question Answers and Grammar

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War and Peace

Ways with words

A. match the words on the left side with their meanings on the right., b. fill in the blanks with the suitable word from the list given..

You can download our android app using below button to get offline access to the notes directly from your phone.

Class 11 English Notes

Comprehension

Answer these questions., a. why was the italian socialist mergari treated like a madman, b. can political aims be attained by the criminal instrumentality of war if yes, how, c. which hopes and plans were said to be mutually contradictory, d. what can be the sacred duty of every man of good will on earth, e. is it good to tacitly accept war as an instrument of politics if not, what else should be done, f. how can we stop war in the world, g. what is the main message of this essay, critical thinking, a. are warmongers the greatest enemies for peace what do you want to suggest to them, b. the nobel prize winner american novelist john steinbeck 1920 1968 on said “all war is a symptom of man’s failure as a thinking animal.” do you agree with the novelist why, c. does any war end all wars and bring lasting peace to the world discuss., d. why do you think countries go to war, write essays in about 500 words on the following topics., a. war and peace, b. responsive youths for peace and prosperity.

Responsive Youths for Peace and Prosperity

B. Divide the following sentences into different parts.

A. the children are playing now., b. srijana will be reading a story., c. bimala is a very beautiful girl., d. she usually wears glasses., e. they elected him president., f. rabin is laughing., g. he has a big house in butwal., h. the man who lives next door is a professor., i. her uncle has been living in kathmandu for fifteen years., j. the girl with long hair asked me a question last week., don't miss our nepali guide.

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Guest Essay

J.D. Vance: The Math on Ukraine Doesn’t Add Up

A photograph of a large stack of tube-shaped artillery shells, stretching out of the frame in every direction.

By J. D. Vance

Mr. Vance, a Republican, is the junior senator from Ohio.

President Biden wants the world to believe that the biggest obstacle facing Ukraine is Republicans and our lack of commitment to the global community. This is wrong.

Ukraine’s challenge is not the G.O.P.; it’s math. Ukraine needs more soldiers than it can field, even with draconian conscription policies. And it needs more matériel than the United States can provide. This reality must inform any future Ukraine policy, from further congressional aid to the diplomatic course set by the president.

The Biden administration has applied increasing pressure on Republicans to pass a supplemental aid package of more than $60 billion to Ukraine. I voted against this package in the Senate and remain opposed to virtually any proposal for the United States to continue funding this war. Mr. Biden has failed to articulate even basic facts about what Ukraine needs and how this aid will change the reality on the ground.

The most fundamental question: How much does Ukraine need and how much can we actually provide? Mr. Biden suggests that a $60 billion supplemental means the difference between victory and defeat in a major war between Russia and Ukraine. That is also wrong. This $60 billion is a fraction of what it would take to turn the tide in Ukraine’s favor. But this is not just a matter of dollars. Fundamentally, we lack the capacity to manufacture the amount of weapons Ukraine needs us to supply to win the war.

Consider our ability to produce 155-millimeter artillery shells. Last year, Ukraine’s defense minister estimated that the country’s base-line requirement for these shells was over four million per year but that it could fire up to seven million if that many were available. Since the start of the conflict, the United States has gone to great lengths to ramp up production of 155-millimeter shells. We’ve roughly doubled our capacity and can now produce 360,000 per year — less than a tenth of what Ukraine says it needs. The administration’s goal is to get this to 1.2 million — 30 percent of what’s needed — by the end of 2025. This would cost the American taxpayers dearly while yielding an unpleasantly familiar result: failure abroad.

Just this week, the top American military commander in Europe argued that absent further security assistance, Russia could soon have a 10-to-1 artillery advantage over Ukraine. What didn’t gather as many headlines is that Russia’s current advantage is at least 5 to 1, even after all the money we have poured into the conflict. Neither of these ratios plausibly leads to Ukrainian victory.

Proponents of American aid to Ukraine have argued that our approach has been a boon to our own economy, creating jobs here in the factories that manufacture weapons. But our national security interests can be — and often are — separate from our economic interests. The notion that we should prolong a bloody and gruesome war because it’s been good for American business is grotesque. We can and should rebuild our industrial base without shipping its products to a foreign conflict.

The story is the same when we look at other munitions. Take the Patriot missile system — our premier air defense weapon. It’s of such importance in this war that Ukraine’s foreign minister has specifically demanded them. That’s because in March alone, Russia reportedly launched over 3,000 guided aerial bombs, 600 drones and 400 missiles at Ukraine. To fend off these attacks, the Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky, and others have indicated they need thousands of Patriot interceptors per year. The problem is this: The United States only manufactures 550 per year. If we pass the supplemental aid package currently being considered in Congress, we could potentially increase annual production to 650, but that’s still less than a third of what Ukraine requires.

These weapons are not only needed by Ukraine. If China were to set its sights on Taiwan, the Patriot missile system would be critical to its defense. In fact, the United States has promised to send Taiwan nearly $900 million worth of Patriot missiles, but delivery of those weapons and other essential resources has been severely delayed, partly because of shortages caused by the war in Ukraine.

If that sounds bad, Ukraine’s manpower situation is even worse. Here are the basics: Russia has nearly four times the population of Ukraine. Ukraine needs upward of half a million new recruits, but hundreds of thousands of fighting-age men have already fled the country. The average Ukrainian soldier is roughly 43 years old , and many soldiers have already served two years at the front with few, if any, opportunities to stop fighting. After two years of conflict, there are some villages with almost no men left. The Ukrainian military has resorted to coercing men into service, and women have staged protests to demand the return of their husbands and fathers after long years of service at the front. This newspaper reported one instance in which the Ukrainian military attempted to conscript a man with a diagnosed mental disability.

Many in Washington seem to think that hundreds of thousands of young Ukrainians have gone to war with a song in their heart and are happy to label any thought to the contrary Russian propaganda. But major newspapers on both sides of the Atlantic are reporting that the situation on the ground in Ukraine is grim.

These basic mathematical realities were true, but contestable, at the outset of the war. They were obvious and incontestable a year ago, when American leadership worked closely with Mr. Zelensky to undertake a disastrous counteroffensive. The bad news is that accepting brute reality would have been most useful last spring, before the Ukrainians launched that extremely costly and unsuccessful military campaign. The good news is that even now, a defensive strategy can work. Digging in with old-fashioned ditches, cement and land mines are what enabled Russia to weather Ukraine’s 2023 counteroffensive. Our allies in Europe could better support such a strategy, as well. While some European countries have provided considerable resources, the burden of military support has thus far fallen heaviest on the United States.

By committing to a defensive strategy, Ukraine can preserve its precious military manpower, stop the bleeding and provide time for negotiations to commence. But this would require both the American and Ukrainian leadership to accept that Mr. Zelensky’s stated goal for the war — a return to 1991 boundaries — is fantastical.

The White House has said time and again that it can’t negotiate with President Vladimir Putin of Russia. This is absurd. The Biden administration has no viable plan for the Ukrainians to win this war. The sooner Americans confront this truth, the sooner we can fix this mess and broker for peace.

J.D. Vance ( @JDVance1 ), a Republican, is the junior senator from Ohio.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Israel-Iran tensions updates: Calls for calm as ‘drones downed’ in Isfahan

Tensions have soared in the Middle East more than six months into Israel’s war on Gaza.

Iranians wave the flags of Palestine and Iran they gather during an anti-Israel demonstration after the Friday noon prayer in Tehran

This live page is now closed. You can follow our live coverage of Israel’s war on Gaza here .

  • Iran has fired air defence batteries to shoot down three drones over Isfahan, according to state media, as regional tensions rise following Iran’s retaliatory strike on Israel after an attack against its diplomatic premises in Syria.
  • Unnamed United States officials have told US media that Israel launched an attack against a site in Iran, but the Israeli army has yet to comment.
  • Italy’s foreign minister says the US was given a last-minute warning about the attack on Iran.
  • Flights in several Iranian cities were briefly suspended. There were also reports of explosions in Syria and Iraq.
  • The escalation comes more than six months into Israel’s devastating war on the Gaza Strip , which has killed more than 34,000 people, and heightens fears of a spiral of violence across the region.

That’s a wrap from us

Thank you for joining us for updates on the rising regional tensions after a suspected Israeli attack on Iran amid Israel’s war on Gaza.

We have you covered.

You can read our news story here , our global reaction piece here , and our explainer here .

And you can follow all the latest developments in Israel’s war on Gaza by reading our 24-hour live coverage here .

Here’s what’s happened today

We’ll be closing this live page soon. But before that, let’s have a quick recap of the day’s events:

  • Iran says its air defence systems shot down three drones in Isfahan province early in the morning. There were no reports of damages, but an investigation is under way to determine where the drones were launched from and who was behind the attack, officials said.
  • Israeli officials have not commented, but the reports came after Israel threatened to attack Iran following Iran’s retaliatory strikes on April 13. Meanwhile, unnamed US officials told media outlets that Israel had launched an attack on Iran.
  • Iranian officials have sought to downplay the attack, with a senior official saying there was no plan for retaliation.
  • There were also reports that mini-drones were flown by “infiltrators from inside”.
  • While countries around the world called for de-escalation, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken refused to comment on the reported Israeli attack, only saying after the conclusion of Group of Seven (G7) talks in Italy that the United States “has not been involved in any offensive operation”.
  • Even so, Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said the US told the G7 foreign ministers that it received “last minute” information about the attack on Iran.

Attacks by Iran and Israel set ‘precedent’

This month’s escalation between Israel and Iran has set an important precedent, according to Marwan Bishara, Al Jazeera’s senior political analyst.

“In these past weeks, a threshold has been crossed: For the first time in 45 years, Iran and Israel exchanged direct attacks on their sovereign territory – this is new,” Bishara said.

“That has set a precedent that we can no longer overlook, and we can no longer say ‘This is not going to be repeated’. There is a very good possibility, especially because it did not deteriorate too far.”

And because the attacks have been contained, “we could probably see more in the future”, Bishara said.

Turkish, Iranian foreign ministers discuss regional developments: Report

Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan and his Iranian counterpart Hossein Amir-Abdollahian have spoken over the phone to discuss the recent developments in the region following the reported explosions in Isfahan, according to Anadolu news agency.

Anadolu quoted sources as saying that the phone call was made at the request of the Iranian side, without sharing further information.

Afifeh Abedi, an Iran analyst, said that it is likely that Ankara “has become a channel” for exchanging messages between Iran and the US.

“It seems that this call was made to convey Tehran’s message to Washington after the events in Isfahan,” she wrote on X.

Earlier, the Turkish Foreign Ministry said it is “closely” monitoring the recent developments in the region, and called on all parties to refrain from steps that could lead to a wider conflict.

“In light of the latest developments, it is becoming increasingly evident that the tensions that were initially caused by Israel’s illegal attack on the Iranian Embassy in Damascus risk turning into a permanent conflict,” a ministry statement said.

Global calls for ‘de-escalation’

From Germany and Russia to Japan and Egypt, countries around the world have called for “de-escalation” following the suspected Israeli attack in Iran.

Here’ s how the world has reacted.

Meanwhile in Gaza, death toll rises to 34,012

We’re taking a quick break from the live coverage on the rising tensions between Israel and Iran to bring you the latest from Gaza, where the death toll in more than six months of Israeli attacks has now topped 34,000.

According to the latest figures by the Health Ministry in Gaza, at least 42 people were killed and 63 wounded in the latest 24-hour reporting period.

These figures bring the overall number of people killed since October 7 to 34,012, with 76,833 wounded.

You can follow our coverage on Israel’s war on Gaza here .

Gaza

‘Clear this was going to be a limited exchange’

Marwan Bishara

Al Jazeera's senior political analyst

Iranian officials say they don’t have a plan to retaliate – and that’s not surprising.

I think it was very clear from the very beginning that this was going to be a limited exchange, just as we’ve seen between Israel and Hezbollah.

So there’s a certain that there is hostility, that there is an exchange of hostilities, but that it will always be somehow contained.

Iran is not interested in a direct confrontation with Israel because conventional war between Iran and Israel – backed by the US and other Western power – is not to Iran’s advantage.

Iran has preferred for the past 40-plus years to engage in asymmetrical, indirect, proxy wars with Israel rather than direct conflicts.

What is clear is that Israel hit, but it was not the kind of hit that is meant to cause civilian damage or to humiliate Iran but to satisfy Israeli military ambition without angering the US.

Iran’s former top diplomat says attack on Iran a ‘diversion’ from Gaza

Mohammad Javad Zarif has condemned the “reckless fireworks” carried out in Iran’s city of Isfahan, urging world leaders to instead focus on “ending Israeli transgressions” in its ongoing war on Gaza.

In a statement posted on X, the former Iranian foreign minister said nothing should divert international public opinion from “Israel’s atrocities”.

“Genocide continues apace in Gaza,” said the chief Iranian negotiator of the ill-fated 2015 nuclear deal with the US and world powers.

He also criticised the US veto on the UN Security Council resolution on Palestine’s UN membership, saying it was “clearly a step in the wrong direction”.

Zarif added that the council’s failure to condemn the April 1 strike on the Iranian diplomatic premises in Syria compelled Iran to invoke its right to self-defence, referring to the April 13 attack on Israel.

Iran''s Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif speaks at the presidential palace in Baabda

No signs of appetite to further escalate situation

Dorsa Jabbari

Reporting from Tehran, Iran

An investigation is under way to determine where the drones were launched from and who was behind the attack, but according to Iranian officials nothing has been damaged.

The IAEA has also said there is no damage sustained to any of the country’s six nuclear facilities.

Things are still very tense and whether or not this is the final response by Israel is unclear.

But what is clear is that this attack has been successfully repelled by Iran and its forces for the time being. Whether or not anything else will happen in the coming hours or days remains to be seen, but for now there doesn’t seem to be any appetite here to further escalate the situation between Iran and Israel.

Are Israel and Iran seeking a way out of escalatory cycle?

Some analysts say the limited nature of the suspected Israeli attack in Iran and the restrained reactions among Iranian officials suggest that both parties are looking to de-escalate the tensions in the region.

  • “We seem to be at a moment when both sides are seeking to exit the current escalatory cycle, with Israel conducting a very limited attack to demonstrate some response to the Iranian strikes and Tehran quickly playing down the incident in order not to be compelled to respond,” said Julien Barnes-Dacey, director of the Middle East and North Africa programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations. “For the moment, neither side want a direct war,” he told AFP.
  • “What should be emphasised is a quasi-symmetry between the two strikes. There is a certain restraint on both sides,” said Hasni Abidi, director of the Center for Studies and Research on the Arab and Mediterranean World in Geneva. “Objective indications show us that for the Iranians this is a closed matter, and that for the Iranians, more than the Israelis, there is no interest in this tension continuing.”

WATCH: What is Israel’s goal?

A Middle East analyst says Israel appears intent on “dragging the region into war”.

Watch his interview with Al Jazeera below:

UN chief says ‘high time to stop dangerous cycle’ of retaliation

In a carefully worded statement that does not mention the latest attack on Iran, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said that “it is high time to stop the dangerous cycle of retaliation” in the Middle East.

“The Secretary-General condemns any act of retaliation and appeals to the international community to work together to prevent any further development that could lead to devastating consequences for the entire region and beyond,” Guterres’s spokesman Stephane Dujarric said in the statement.

Five things to know about Isfahan

News of an attack on Iran has brought attention to the central city of Isfahan, which once served as the capital of the Persian Empire during the Safavid dynasty.

In January 2023, a military factory belonging to the Iranian army in Isfahan was also attacked by multiple drones. The province of Isfahan is home to Iran’s main nuclear site, Natanz .

Here are five things to know about Isfahan:

  • From 1598 to 1736, Isfahan served as the capital during the rule of the Safavid dynasty.
  • Shah Abbas made it his capital and rebuilt it into one of the largest cities in the world during the 17th century, leading to the coining of the phrase, Isfahan nesf-e-jahan ast (Isfahan is half of the world) to highlight the city’s importance as a seat of power.
  • The city has a population of approximately 2.2 million, making it the third-most populous city in Iran, after the modern capital, Tehran, and Mashhad, a religious centre in the country.
  • Counting the greater Isfahan province’s population of four million, it is considered as the second-largest metropolitan area of modern-day Iran.
  • The UNESCO World Heritage site, Naqsh-e Jahan Square, is located in Isfahan. Constructed between 1598 and 1629, it is considered one of the largest ancient squares in the world. Next to it is the Grand Bazaar, one of the oldest and largest bazaars in the Middle East.

-PHOTO TAKEN 10JAN06- A general view of the Khagoo bridge on the Zayandeh-Rood river in Isfahan, 450 km (280 miles) south of [Tehran], January 10, 2006. Isfahan was designated 'Cultural Capital of the World of Islam' by the Organization of the Islamic Conference for 2006. PICTURE TAKEN JANUARY 10, 2006.

Here’s what happened at G7 meeting after attack

The rising tensions in the Middle East dominated discussions as the G7 foreign ministers met in the Italian island of Capri:

  • Addressing reporters after the talks ended, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken refused to comment on the reported Israeli attack against Iran, only saying that the US “has not been involved in any offensive operation”.
  • Blinken added the G7’s focus is on de-escalation. Asked to describe the current US-Israel relationship, Blinken noted that Israel makes its own decisions, but the US is committed to its security.
  • His comments came after Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said the US told the G7 ministers that it received “last minute” information about the attack on Iran.
  • The G7 ministers’ communique, meanwhile, warned of new sanctions against Iran for its April 13 drone and missile attack on Israel and called on both sides to avoid an escalation of the conflict.

Timeline: How Iran-Israel tensions escalated since October 7

Our colleagues in the Al Jazeera Explainers team have put together a comprehensive timeline detailing how tensions between Israel and Iran have escalated since the start of the war on Gaza.

You can find out more here .

All Blinken says is US not involved in offensive action

Jonah Hull

Reporting from Capri, Italy

Antony Blinken reiterated the message of de-escalation and also said that the US has not been involved in any conflict alongside Israel, in terms of the strikes in the early hours of the morning on Iran.

He wouldn’t be drawn on whether the US had received prior warning from Israel as it’s being reported, therefore whether the G7 ministers themselves had received that warning via US channels, nor he would be drawn on the question of whether he thought that G7 pressure had helped in getting Israel to limit its strike.

The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, though confirmed that both of those things had happened.

Iran’s army says ready for any further air attacks

Kioumars Heydari, the commander-in-chief of the ground forces of the Iranian army, says Iran remains vigilant to confront any other potential aerial threats.

“If suspicious flying objects appear in the sky of the country, they will be targeted by our powerful air defence,” he was quoted as saying by the state-run IRNA ahead of Friday prayers in Tehran.

“Even though last night’s objects were suspicious, our country’s defences reacted intelligently.”

Heydari also said Iran’s April 13 attacks on Israel “showed that the Islamic republic has the upper hand in the region and can establish security without the interference of any foreign power”.

Lufthansa, subsidiaries suspend flights to Israel amid tensions with Iran

The German airline Lufthansa and its subsidiaries Swiss and Austrian Airlines said all flights to Israel are temporary suspended.

Four flights scheduled between Friday and 7am (05:00 GMT) on Saturday have been cancelled so far, a Lufthansa spokesman told dpa news agency.

US got last-minute warning about attack on Iran: Italy FM

The United States told the Group of Seven foreign ministers that it received “last minute” information about the attack on Iran, Italy’s foreign minister said.

Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani told reporters in Capri that the US provided the information at a morning session that was changed at the last minute to address the attack.

Tajani said the US told the G7 ministers that it had been “informed at the last minute” about the attack.

“But there was no sharing of the attack by the US. It was a mere information.”

He also said that Italians living in Iran were all accounted for and “without problems”.

Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani walks on the third day of the G7 foreign ministers meeting on Capri island, Italy, April 19, 2024. REUTERS/Claudia Greco

Iranian president makes no mention of Isfahan attack in new speech

Ebrahim Raisi is on a visit to Damghan, in the central province of Semnan, where he made a speech but made no mention of the attack on Isfahan.

He mostly discussed local affairs, remaining focused on the goals of provincial trips that he has been making across the country since assuming power – but he did talk about the April 13 attack on Israel.

“Operation True Promise led to authority, unity and cohesion in the country,” Raisi said. “Today, all political groups and factions believe that this response was necessary and a big honour for the country.”

Iran’s army has said the Isfahan attack is being investigated and further information will be made public later.

Blinken says US not involved in offensive operation, does not confirm Israeli attack

The US secretary of state, taking questions in Capri, has refused to comment on the reported Israeli attack against Iran.

“I’m not going to speak to that, except to say that the United States has not been involved in any offensive operation,” Blinken told reporters.

‘Desperate attempt’ failed: Iranian MP

Mehdi Toghyani, a member of the Iranian parliament from Isfahan, says the “desperate attempt” from Israel “with the help of local agents” had “failed and brought new disgrace for them”.

“Let them know that we are at peak readiness to protect our dear Iran,” he wrote on X.

Blinken delivers statement

The US secretary of state is speaking to reporters in Capri, where he attended the G7 meeting.

So far, Antony Blinken has yet to mention this morning’s reported Israeli attack in Iran.

He did say, however, that the US is committed to Israel’s security and to “de-escalation” in the Middle East.

We’ll bring you more shortly.

Foreign minister says Russia told Israel ‘Iran doesn’t want escalation’

Sergey Lavrov says Russia has held conversations with both the Iranian and Israeli sides.

In an interview with Russian radio stations, the foreign minister said:  “There have been telephone contacts between the leadership of Russia and Iran, our representatives and the Israelis.”

He added: “We made it very clear in these conversations, we told the Israelis that Iran does not want escalation.”

Lavrov

WATCH: Breaking down attack in Iran

Al Jazeera’s Diplomatic Editor James Bays says Iran appears to be downplaying the suspected Israeli attack.

Watch the video below:

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    War and Peace is a historical novel by Leo Tolstoy first published serially in 1865-69. It depicts relationships between the Rostov, Bolkonsky, Bezukhov, and Kuragin families and follows their members as they fight in a war against Napoleon, marry, make and lose fortunes, and die over the course of about a decade.

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    Key Facts about War and Peace. Full Title: War and Peace. When Written: 1863. Where Written: Yasnaya Polyana, Russia. When Published: 1865-1867 (serialized), 1869 (book) Literary Period: Golden Age of Russian Literature. Genre: Realistic fiction, epic historical novel. Setting: Russia, Austria, and Poland in 1805-1820.

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  7. War and Peace: Mini Essays

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    War and Peace (Russian: Война и мир, romanized: Voyna i mir; pre-reform Russian: Война и миръ; [vɐjˈna i ˈmʲir]) is a literary work by Russian author Leo Tolstoy.Set during the Napoleonic Wars, the work mixes fictional narrative with chapters discussing history and philosophy.An early version was published serially beginning in 1865, after which the entire book was ...

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    Essays for War and Peace. War and Peace essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy. Pierre's Abortive Mission; Self-Begotten Fantasy in Gatsby and War and Peace: Satiating the Spiritual Void; Liza's Significance in War and Peace

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  15. War and Peace: Study Guide

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  19. War and Peace Bibliography

    War and Peace. New York: Vintage Classics, 2008. Jeffra Flaitz. The Ideology of English: French Perceptions of English as a World Language. Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 1988. Roberta J.M. Olson, Jay M. Pasachoff, and Colin Pillinger. Fire in the Sky: Comets and Meteors, the Decisive Centuries, in British Art and Science.

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  23. Opinion

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  26. Israel-Iran tensions updates: Calls for calm as 'drones downed' in

    Tensions have soared in the Middle East more than six months into Israel's war on Gaza. By Virginia Pietromarchi and Ted Regencia Published On 19 Apr 2024 19 Apr 2024

  27. War and Peace: Suggested Essay Topics

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