phd project unisa

• Research Degree Students
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• Overview of a research degree

Timeline of your research program

During your research studies at UniSA, you will meet a series of milestones along the way which will determine your progress. We have illustrated the various stages of a research program at UniSA and the activities related to every stage so that you can familiarise yourself with that is to come.

The diagrams below show key milestones for a typical full-time candidature. The timelines will be doubled for part-time enrolment (excluding Reviews of Progress, which must be undertaken by all students every 6 months). Exegesis-based assessment follows the same timelines as thesis-based assessment.

• PhD timeline

Master of Research timeline

Variations to candidature, phd timeline*.

  *Professional doctorate degrees contain 18 units of coursework – this is negotiated with your RDC, and will affect timelines

During your research degree, there may be changes or variations that affect your expected completion date. It is very important that you apply for any variations to be approved by completing the relevant form .

Some changes to your program will not affect your expected completion date, such as:

• Change of supervisor
• Change of mode (internal or external)
• Change of program (excluding upgrades and downgrades)
• Extension of scholarship
• Application to go overtime (alerts stakeholders that you have met your milestones but DOES NOT extend your candidacy expiry date) – overtime fees will be charged

Some other changes, however, will either extend or reduce your candidature time:

• Change of load (full-time or part-time)
• Leave of absence
• Change of Program (only if an upgrade or downgrade)
• Review of Progress (failure to submit a Review of Progress may result in administrative withdrawal

Change of Program forms must be lodged by the applicable Census Date. Late forms will not take effect until the following Research Period.

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Why UniSA for a PhD

At UniSA our PhD connects research students to partnered grand challenges in research, and enhances employability and future careers.

UniSA is committed to ensuring that research degree candidates experience excellent and contemporary research training and that, in the course of their candidature, they acquire a skill set that expands their employment choices post-PhD.

The UniSA PhD:

• Connects candidates with partnered grand challenges in research
• Accelerates PhD graduates towards career success through extensive skill development opportunities
• Engages end-users of research from public and private organisations and communities
• Establishes the researcher in their disciplinary community.

UniSA EDGE  is a development model designed to support our PhD candidates' career preparation, through:

• Development of research and professional skills
• Structured & experiential learning opportunities
• Enhanced research outcomes for the benefit of candidate, supervisor and uni 

Find out more

Enhanced end-user involvement in research, through supervisory panels, mentoring and internship experiences, allowing for:

• Shaping research projects, to achieve real-world outcomes
• Candidate exposure and experience with industry
• Formation of networks & collaborations in and beyond the University

Panel Supervision

Each candidate has a panel of qualified supervisors, established according to the needs of the candidate and their project. The panel may include supervisors from more than one discipline, and end-user advisors from industry partners, including private, government, not-for-profit or community groups.

Panel supervision provides:

• Opportunity to enrich the project with multidisciplinary expertise & perspectives
• Continuity of supervision
• Broadened networks
• Development of disciplinary expertise, and expert research skills.

Oral Defence

Following the examination of the written thesis or exegesis, candidates discuss their work in depth with their examiners. This provides opportunity for:

• Interaction with leaders in their fields of study
• Clarification of any concerns or questions raised by examiners
• Examination of the candidate as well as the product of the research
• Establishment of the candidate in their disciplinary community.

“Having regular access to multiple supervisors on my panel provided diverse perspectives on my research, and paved the way to innovation in my project. My advisor helped me to meet others in his industry, and helped me frame my approach to maximise success when engaging with them.”

Dr Felicity Braithwaite, UniSA PhD graduate

“Being able to discuss my examiners’ written comments helped to cement my understanding and have real clarity around the meaning of their comments. And I guess it helped them understand my work better, because in the end, I only had to make some of the thesis changes identified in their written reports, rather than all of them. The longer term benefit of the defence is feeling more confident about meeting my examiners in the future or, indeed, following up with them for future advice or collaboration.”

Dr Joel Fuller, UniSA PhD graduate

Partnerships

The UniSA PhD provides an opportunity for existing, and prospective partners to engage with UniSA to:

• Access new knowledge and insights that benefit your business
• Have the opportunity to spot new talent
• Provide your organisation with staff development opportunities, and
• Shape the direction of research and knowledge coming from UniSA.

If you would like to know more about the unique partnering opportunities available at UniSA, please contact us at  [email protected]

Australian students

Phone: +61 8 8302 2376 Enquiry: unisa.edu.au/enquiry

International students

Phone: +61 8 9627 4854 Enquiry: unisa.edu.au/enquiry

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Research Projects

Heavy metals in marine organisms: A source apportionment

Main supervisor : Prof LM Madikizela

Co-supervisors : Dr TS Munonde

Email : [email protected] (Prof LM Madikizela)

Level : Master’s project

The discharge of heavy metals into the open oceans through the contaminated estuarine water is an environmental concern. Several studies have reported the occurrence of heavy metals in the coastal environments. Hence, the proposed study will monitor the occurrence of such metals in the marine environment which include selected organisms, while also tracing their sources. Analytically, heavy metals will be monitored with inductively coupled plasma after microwave digestion. Finally, the distribution of these contaminants in coastal environment and various organs of the fish will be evaluated.

Development of agricultural waste-based material for solid-phase extraction and removal of selected pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in water

Co-supervisors : Dr N Gumbi

Level : PhD project

The contamination of South African water resources with both pharmaceuticals and heavy metals has become a public knowledge. Hence, this study aims to monitor the quantities of these contaminants and their removal in South African waters. Environmental monitoring for pharmaceuticals will be performed with solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography. Both ICP-MS and ICP-OES will be utilized for the measurements of heavy metals. This will be followed with the developments of agricultural waste-based adsorbents for remediation. A wide range of the state-of-the-art, top-of-the-range, analytical tools are available for characterization.

Assessments of selected trace metals from drinking water in areas located near wood preserving industries

Main supervisor : Dr TS Munonde

Co-supervisors : Prof TAM Msagati, Prof LM Madikizela

Email : [email protected] (Dr TS Munonde)

The discharge of trace metals from wood preservation industries contaminates not only the soil, but also our drinking water. The aim of this study is to determine the water quality of the drinking water sources located near wood preserving industries. This will incorporate the use of dispersive solid phase extraction to extract the trace metals prior to their determination using ICP-OES. The water quality index will be determined, then compared to the South African National Standards and World Health Organization permitted guidelines.

Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater: evaluation of the water quality in groundwater

Co-supervisors : Prof MM Nindi, Prof LM Madikizela

Emerging organic contaminants are widely distributed in the environment, including a broad range of natural and chemical compounds, which may cause ecological and human health impacts. This study will focus on the preparation of analytical methods for the determination of selected emerging organic contaminants in groundwater using chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and LCMS.

Antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospital wastewater by whole-genome sequencing

Main supervisor : Dr I Kamika

Co-supervisors : Prof H Atagana, Prof Nindi

Email : [email protected] (Dr I Kamika)

Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a human pathogen and sporadic isolates from non-clinical sources were reported. The present study will describe the phenotypic- and genomic-characteristics of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) and potentially hypervirulent (MDR-hv) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospital wastewater. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolate will be investigated using disk-diffusion method, broth microdilution method, and agar dilution method, and the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetics elements, and virulence were evaluated by genomic DNA sequencing on the Illumina® NextSeq1000 platform as well as by bioinformatic analysis. Resistome analyses will be assessed, and antibiotic-resistance mechanisms established.

Occurrence and driving mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes in streams and rivers around Johannesburg, South Africa

Co-supervisors : Dr Munonde, Prof LM Madikizela

The overuse of antibiotics has accelerated the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. ARGs have been found in a wide variety of environments including agricultural soils, urban wastewater treatment plants, lakes, rivers and aquacultural facilities. The critical issue is that ARGs do not disappear once released into the environment. As a result, the amount of ARGs can increase and spread if they are selected by antibiotic pollutions or are co-selected by ecologically favourable determinant present in the same MGEs. It is therefore important to identify environmental reservoirs of ARGs and explore their routes of transmission in order to stop their spread into the environment. The present study will investigate the occurrence and driving mechanism of ARGs in streams and rivers around Johannesburg.

Microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater system

Co-supervisors : Prof Atagana, Prof LM Madikizela

Since the 1940s, approximately 9,000 compounds collectively known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been employed in several industrial processes and commercial goods. As a result, PFAS have entered the water cycle and are now present in almost all water sources. These substances are non-biodegradable and resistant to common water treatment techniques because they contain the strongest single bond known between fluorine and carbon atoms. They end up in the tissues of living things, including people, where they have been linked to certain cancers, thyroid and liver difficulties, and probably additional, as-yet-unidentified health issues. Notably, I intend to isolate environmental microorganisms and test their ability in breaking down two of the toughest PFASs namely fluorinated carboxylic acids (FCAs) (e.g., 5:3 polyfluorinated carboxylic acid and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate).

Development of green chemistry sample preparation for the detection of biotoxins from aquatic and food matrices

Main supervisor : Prof MM Nindi

Co-supervisors : Dr Moema and Dr I Kamika

Email : [email protected] (Prof MM Nindi)

Food safety and quality are an integral part of global trade, food security and consumer protection. The presence of undesirable and dangerous substances such as veterinary drugs, mycotoxin, and pesticides are of great concern to human health, global international markets, and the economies of the producing countries. Recently, the is growing interest on biotoxins and food borne pathogens. Sensitive and selective analytical methods play a very important role in monitoring these compounds in biological matrices. The research will focus on the development of green sample preparation and/or clean-up methods such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) and supported liquid membrane (SLM) which have inherently high enrichment factors. The developed sample preparation techniques will be incorporated to LC-MS/MS and/or MALDI-TOF/TOF for this project.

Screening of volatile organic compounds in a traditional healing spa using GCxGC-TOF-MS

Co-supervisors : Prof MM Nindi and Prof TAM Msagati

In this study, volatile organic compounds in a traditional healing spa clayey and water will be chromatographically separated, identified through screening approach, and quantified. This will be followed by identifying the health benefits and possible risks associated with the bathing, cosmetic applications, and consumption of such natural resources.

Synthesis of graphene-based functionalized adsorbents for monitoring and removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water

Main supervisor: Prof LM Madikizela

Co-supervisors: Prof JM Madito and Dr N Gumbi

Email: [email protected] (Prof LM Madikizela)

Level: Master’s project

The consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in South Africa is high due to their availability as over the counter medications that can be assessed without medical prescription. Therefore, high concentrations of NSAIDs have been found in South African waters. Therefore, this study proposes the synthesis of graphene-based adsorbents for adsorptive removal of these drugs in water. Graphene-based materials have attracted great interest in many application areas, including the adsorptive removal of drugs from water due to their large surface area and diverse active sites for adsorption. The graphene-based adsorbents are proposed for their inclusion in sample preparation where they will be used as solid-phase extraction sorbents for extraction and pre-concentration of NSAIDs in water prior to chromatographic determination. The adsorption performance of graphene-based adsorbents and its correlation to the interaction mechanisms between the NSAIDs and adsorbents will also be investigated.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) - a surveillance tool for monitoring pharmaceutical drug consumption and public health

Main supervisor : Dr TJ Malefetse

Co-supervisors : Prof MM Nindi; Prof TTI Nkambule

Email : [email protected] (Dr TJ Malefetse)

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a rapidly developing scientific discipline based on the chemical analysis of specific human metabolic excretion products (biomarkers) in wastewater. WBE has opened many possibilities for expanding its application to provide relevant information about human exposure to potentially harmful compounds such as personal care products, pesticides, mycotoxins, brominated flame retardants, pharmaceutical compounds and even pathogens. This project involves the analysis and monitoring of specific pharmaceutical compounds in wastewaters to establish the health and well-being of communities. Therefore, the project requires the application of analytical chemistry techniques for monitoring real-time data trends in pharmaceutical drug use for public health and human exposure. The aim is to develop early-warning systems that could be used by municipalities and health authorities to identify infection hot spots for various harmful chemical agents and diseases.

Cellulose-based electrospun polymer nanofiber mats as efficient supports for thin film composite membranes

Co-supervisors : Prof EN Nxumalo; Dr W Moyo

In this research project, environmentally friendly materials and plant-based cellulosic materials and biodegradable polymers will be employed in the fabrication of nanofibrous mats using a semi-scale electrospinning process. The nanofibrous mats are then used as supports for thin film nanocomposite membranes made via an interfacial polymerization process. This pioneering work will demonstrate that cellulose-based supported membranes can be used as filters for the enhanced removal of organic pollutants in water treatment applications.

Beneficiation of abattoir effluents for the generation of biogas and production of fertilizers

Co-supervisors : Dr M Moreroa; Prof TTI Nkambule

South African abattoirs are battling to manage the waste generated by their operations. Owing to the high cost of disposal, abattoirs frequently dump or bury waste in open fields. The exposed waste attracts flies, maggots, and insects. Furthermore, they generate odours pose serious risk to the environment. When hazardous waste is buried, it seeps into subterranean water, raising additional environmental concerns. A biodigester can contribute towards addressing the challenges of slaughterhouse waste disposal and can also provide an alternative energy source that can be used by abattoirs for heating and cooling purposes. The proposed project will use anaerobic digestion for the treatment of abattoir effluent to produce biogas (an energy source). Moreover, the digestate from the digester will be studied for its potential application as a fertilizer.

Magnetic bionanocomposites for the simultaneous sorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals drugs or emerging organic pollutants in water

Co-supervisors : Dr G Mamba; Dr J Nure; Dr W Moyo

Level : Master’s projects

Magnetic bionanocomposites have received attention for their ability to treat wastewater. They are efficient, environmentally friendly, cost-effective and can be used as adsorbents for organic and inorganic pollutants. Some of these magnetic bionanocomposites can also provide a good habitat for microorganisms. This study seeks to exploit some of the properties of these magnetic bionanocomposites: by: (i) simultaneous sorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals drugs and other emerging pollutants from water; (ii) inoculating them with microorganisms for the extraction of pharmaceuticals drugs and emerging organic pollutants from wastewaters, or (iii) recovering valuable nutrients from various used water streams.

Natural coagulants for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria from wastewater

Co-supervisors : Dr S Mosebi, Dr G Mamba, Dr B Nkoane

Email : [email protected] (Dr T.J Malefetse)

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants that pose serious risks to human health. Wastewater treatment plants are one of the major sources of ARGs. On the other hand, coagulation is one of the efficient primary chemical treatment methods that could be used to remove pollutants from polluted water. Natural coagulants are derived from either plants, animals, or microorganisms. This study seeks to isolate and investigate the effectiveness of natural coagulant(s) in the removal of ARGs from treated wastewater. The removal efficiency of the natural coagulant will be compared with those of commonly used coagulants. Furthermore, opportunities exist for the active component of the natural coagulant to be modified and thus improve its effectiveness.

Identification and quantification of pharmaceuticals drugs in the Vaal River

Main supervisor : Dr G Mamba

Co-supervisors : Prof LM Madikizela, Dr SJ van Rensburg, Prof TTI Nkambule

Email : [email protected] (Dr G Mamba)

The Vaal River serves as one of the major sources of freshwater supply for the Gauteng Region. However, various human activities along the catchment area have led to a continued degradation of the water quality in the river. Among such activities, the failures of various wastewater treatment plants to adequately treat their wastewater result in the direct discharge of polluted effluent into the river. This puts a heavy burden on the drinking water treatment plants. Pollutants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals (e.g., antibiotics, antivirals, stimulants, depressants and anti-depressants, sedatives and nonsteroidals), personal care products, and household cleaning products, among others are poorly removed during drinking water treatment. As a result, it is important to identify and quantify the existing pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources in order to understand the potential risks of their presence. Therefore, this work will involve collection of water samples from the Vaal River, extraction, and the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify the pharmaceutical drugs in the water samples. Influence of seasonal variations will be investigated by sampling both in the dry and wet seasons.

UV mediated homogeneous advanced oxidation of emerging pollutants and microbials in drinking water.

Co-supervisors : Prof LM Madikizela; Dr W Moyo

Advanced oxidation processes hold the key towards environmental pollution mitigation especially with regards to the removal of emerging pollutants and disinfection of water and wastewater. In the proposed project, UV driven advanced oxidation will be investigated for the degradation of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics and pesticides from water and inactivation of microbial pollutants. Optimization of the key reaction parameters will be carried out to ensure optimal performance of the oxidation process. Chromatographic techniques will be used to identify the degradation by-products and ascertain their degradation.

Remediation of antibiotic drugs and microbial pollution in hospital wastewater effluent

Co-supervisors : Dr I Kamika, Dr TJ Malefetse, Dr T Lukhele

Hospital wastewater is considered a hotspot for pharmaceutical drugs such as antibiotics and their metabolites. Ultimately, this wastewater favors the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistant genes, which can be passed to other bacterial species. This presents a massive threat to human health, where bacterial infections would be non-responsive to the currently used drugs, owing to the resistance of the bacteria. Therefore, it is important to treat wastewater from healthcare facilities to target the removal of antibiotic drugs and elimination of the microbial species before the water is discharged into municipal wastewater collection tunnels. This first part of the research will explore various chemical/catalytic oxidation routes such as photocatalysis, peroxide and peracetic acid, towards the oxidative removal of antibiotic drugs in hospital wastewater. The second part of the project will investigate these chemical oxidants for the inactivation of microbial pollutants in the wastewater.

Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors using coagulant derived from aluminium waste.

Main supervisor : Prof TTI Nkambule

Co-supervisors : Dr W Moyo; Dr TJ Malefetse; Dr G Mamba

E-mail : [email protected] (Prof TTI Nkambule)

Improper disposal of aluminium waste poses a serious risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, a need exists for the development of methods for the recycling/reuse of aluminium waste. This study is aimed at the beneficiation of aluminium waste into a coagulant for application in the removal of pollutants from aqueous systems. The main operating parameters of this process will be optimised using various modelling techniques. The potential benefits of this pioneering work include cleaning up the physical aesthetic environment and producing a value-added coagulant that can be used for water remediation. This initiative has the potential to reduce waste and the cost of production of clean water while adopting circular economy as a key and central concept.

The status and extent of de facto water reuse in South Africa

Email : [email protected] (Prof TTI Nkambule)

The aim of this project is to determine the national extent of de facto water reuse in the South Africa. This will be done by determining the percentage wastewater content of the raw water sources (rivers and dams) supplying the major cities and large towns, and the potential health impact, treatment requirements and public acceptance of de facto reuse through carrying out four case studies. The aim of this project is to determine the wastewater content of the raw water intake from rivers and dams to water treatment plants supplying the major cities and large towns in South Africa, and thereby establishing the extent of de facto reuse. To identify at least top 25 cities impacted by de facto reuse. Perform case studies of high priority de facto reuse water treatment plants, to evaluate the spatial and temporal factors (including climate change) impacting on the extent of reuse in each of the selected case studies. Do a detailed analysis on treatment plant capabilities for treating the water to drinking water standard, raw water quality analysis, and OPEX costs. Finally, the projects aim to establish the public’s knowledge and perceptions as well as acceptance of de facto reuse in the case. This is a Water Research Commission (WRC) of South Africa funded project that will be carried out by the UNISA team in collaboration with Chris Swartz Water Utilization engineers based in Cape Town.

FLAGSHIP PROJECTS

A: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FLASHIP

Treatability of nitrites/nitrates and ammonia using membrane aerated bioreactors (MABR)

Main supervisor : Prof TAM Msagati

Co-supervisors : Prof BB Mamba, Prof B Rittman, Prof TTI Nkambule, Prof LM Madikizela

Email : [email protected] (Prof TAM Msagati)

Many Wastewater treatment plants including the ones under the city of Johannesburg in South Africa face the challenge on how to treat nitrites/nitrates and ammonia. This project is thereby proposing the incorporation of Membrane aerated bioreactors (MABR) that will enhance the effectiveness of the plants in the treatment of Nitrites/Nitrates and ammonia.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of hexasome and cubosome lipid nanoparticles of different structure and composition in drug delivery platforms and the assessment of their cellular uptake profiles

Co-supervisors : Prof LM Madikizela, Dr TS Munonde, Prof AT Kuvarega, Prof BB Mamba

Email : [email protected] (Prof TAM Msagati)

Cubosomes are lipid based nanostructured particles of the lipid bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase with the potential application in many areas including in drug delivery platforms due to their structural integrity of the ingredients that it carries. This project intends to synthesize cubosomes lipid nanoparticles with different structures and composition, characterize them and deploy such nanomaterials for targeted use as drug delivery platforms and assess their cellular uptake to determine the potential toxicity and behavioural influence.

B: MARINE SCIENCE RESEARCH

Porous electrospun hydrophobic mixed matrix membranes for efficient vapour passage during membrane distillation

Main supervisor : Prof MM Motsa

Co-supervisors : Prof BB Mamba, Prof TTI Nkambule, Prof TAM Msagati

Email : [email protected] (Prof MM Motsa)

The treatment of high salinity water has been dubbed as costly due to the nature of the required membrane and the composition of the feed water. It requires an extensive amount of amount of energy to overcome the osmotic pressure of seawater and internal resistance of reverse osmosis membranes. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop energy efficient membrane systems for high-water recovery during seawater desalination. This work aims at developing high performance porous membranes for water vapour transport during membrane distillation. The membranes will be prepared using electrospinning techniques and phase inversion to produce self-supporting mats and flat sheets. Furthermore, the membranes will be prepared in hollow-fibre configuration and prepared into modules. Part of the research will also focus on the post-treatment of the brine through recovery of rare-earth minerals and common salts.

Fabrication of graphene-based hollow fibre membranes for water desalination

Co-supervisors : Prof MM Motsa, Prof BB Mamba

Seawater comprises a vast supply of water (97.5% of all water on the planet). Thus, the growth of the installation of seawater desalination facilities to circumvent water shortage problems in water-stressed countries such as South Africa is very crucial. This project seeks to address the problem of water scarcity through the development of desalination technologies to tap the oceans as an alternative source of portable water.

Mineralization of microplastics using nanocomposites: A combined experimental and computational approach

Co-supervisors : Prof LM Madikizela, Prof E Unuabonah

The objectives of this project is to develop a nanocomposite material capable of eliminating selected microplastic from water, to characterize the nanocomposite developed using: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Also, to use computational methods in order to provide a framework for the interpretation of the experimental data and, to elucidate the structural and electronic properties of the nanocomposites, as well as to use the synthesized nanocomposites to mineralize MPs in water and use analytical methods to study the efficiency of the prepared nanocomposites.

Stabilization of potable water with lime and carbon dioxide

Main supervisor : Prof JP Maree

Co-supervisor : Prof TAM Msagati

Email : [email protected] (Prof JP Maree)

Soft water is deficient in calcium hardness and alkalinity and needs to be stabilized to limit its corrosiveness towards metals and aggression towards concrete structures. There are several regions in South Africa where the water sources are soft. Demineralized water produced from desalination plants and water reclamation plants also needs to be stabilized. This process involves solid, aqueous, and gaseous phases. The theory to calculate the equilibrium conditions between the phases are well-known and widely used in the industry. However, the information about the process kinetics is not well documented for the purposes of process design and automation. The hydration reaction between dissolved carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid is the rate limiting step and an important consideration for process design. The aim of this study is to develop dynamic models based on the process kinetics to identify feasible strategies for design and automation and provide guidelines for the selection of cost-effective process configurations for a particular water quality.

Treatment of iron rich mine water for pigment recovery

Co-supervisors : Prof TAM Msagati, Dr Mogashane

Email: [email protected] ( Prof JP Maree)

The aim of the study is to investigate integrated process for treatment of mine wastewater to produce drinking water and valuable products. The study will include the evaluation of the performance of an existing acid mine water neutralization plant. The performance of the plant will be improved by introducing the following innovative steps to mine water treatment: (i)Recovery of Fe(OH) 3 from the iron(III) by raising the pH to 3.5 with Na 2 CO 3 or CaCO 3 . (ii) Dewatering of the Fe(OH) 3 sludge with a new filter. (iii) Processing of the Fe(OH) 3 to pigment. (iv) Oxidation of iron(II) to iron (III): (Biologically or Chemically) (v) Improved design for the limestone handling and dosing system. In conclusion the feasibility of treatment of acid mine water when pigment is recovered need to be determined.  

C: ASDG-RSP FLAGSHIP

A holistic approach in water resources management coupled with big data analytics

Co-supervisors : Prof TAM Msagati, Prof BB Mamba, Prof V Ngole-Jemme, Prof B Van der Pool; Prof J Van Der Pool, Prof HO Mokiwa

Email : [email protected] ( Prof TTI Nkambule )

This is a multi and Trans disciplinary research involving various aspects of research toward a common goal. Candidates enrolled in this project will work on different aspects of the activities with some working with science aspects related to the development of scientific and technological processes to mitigate the environment from pollution (e.g., remediation of AMD contaminated environment, microplastic research, fabrication of POU devices, etc). Some will work on aspects of aspects that align the practice of the scientific/technological activities of the proposed project to the appropriate policies such that, they are relevant to the communities (science education) (Prof Hamza Omar Mokiwa, College of Education Unisa), and some will evaluate the material flow cost accounting thus providing guidance for practical implementation in a supply chain (Prof Breggie and John Van Der Poll – School of Business Leadership – UNISA).

D: ENERGY FLAGSHIP

Towards solar-driven carbon recycling

Main supervisor : Dr X Fuku

Co-supervisors : Prof W Jingyu and Prof U Feleni

Email: [email protected]

The world is currently facing severe environmental issues in the global temperature increase caused by excessive CO 2 emissions, so it is urgent to explore innovative strategies to achieve carbon recycling. Besides physical carbon capture and storage, utilizing CO 2 to produce chemical fuels is more practical. Converting CO 2 into fuels is very energy intensive and requires a sustainable method with a continuous energy supply. Solar-driven catalysis stands out as a green method by using abundant solar energy as an energy supply. It can convert CO 2 into indispensable monocarbon C 1 and multicarbon C 2+ products through various potential routes with available techniques. Based on readily available technologies, systems combining a photovoltaic (PV) cell with an electrolyzer cell (EC) for CO 2 reduction to hydrocarbons are likely to constitute a key strategy for tackling the above challenge.

Development of a low-cost, durable membrane and membrane electrode assembly for stationary fuel cell application

Co-supervisors : Dr N Hlongwa, Dr M Moshawe and Dr B Sigh

Fuel cells are being perceived as the future clean energy source by many developed countries in the world. The key today for clean power is the reliance of fuel cells not only to power automobiles but also for residential, small commercial, backup power etc. which calls for production on a large scale. The design and development of low cost fuel cell components is key in this regard.

SPECIAL PROJECTS

R1.0 million projects allocations

Novel integration peroxyacetic / modified TiO 2 photocatalytic – electro- disinfection/electro-coagulation green process as an alternative disinfection strategy for the wastewater effluents.

Co-supervisors : Prof TTI Nkambule, Prof AT Kuvarega, Prof BB Mamba

The project will construct simulated laboratory scale simulated plant to mimic the WWTPs plants and use them to optimize the performance parameters. From the performance of the optimization parameters, the project will aim to develop mathematical and statistical model that will be used to regulate and troubleshoot parameters in cases of irregular functioning of the disinfection processes.

Wastewater treatment and resource recovery based on electrochemical anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), is one of the safest and least carbon-emitting wastewater treatment technologies, exhibiting excellent application prospects in sustainable water treatment, resource recovery, and energy conversion in the post-COVID-19 and carbon-neutral era. A major challenge in AnMBR wider application is membrane fouling and laborious operation management. This project intends to establish an electrochemical AnMBR (eAnMBR) system and a low-maintenance water treatment process. By integrating electrochemical, microbial, and membrane separation processes, enhanced antifouling, and anaerobic digestion performance, as well as improved effluent quality, can be achieved. With the safe purification and resource recovery from high-concentration organic wastewater in rural areas, this project is expected to promote the establishment of the water-energy-food nexus and help solve the water shortage and water pollution crises in developing countries.

AASTU JOINT PROJECTS

Extraction, characterization, and investigation of biofunctional properties of postbiotics from mixed probiotics and evaluating their potential as ingredients for functional cottage cheese and whey development with bee pollen

Co-supervisors : Prof AB Belay, Prof TTI Nkambule

Level: PhD project

The general objective of the study will be to extract, characterize, and investigate the biofunctional properties of postbiotics derived from mixed probiotic fermentation and evaluate their biofunctional potential when combined with bee pollen. The specific objectives will be to investigate appropriate substrates for the production of high-quality postbiotic yield and optimize fermentation conditions; investigate the chemical composition, quantitative yield, stability, and solubility of postbiotics extracted from mixed probiotic cultures. The project will also investigate the biofunctional properties of the substrate in relation to antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-antidiabetic, anticancer, and other biofunctional properties. Finally, the project will as well formulate and develop postbiotics and bee pollen-enhanced functional cottage cheese and whey beverages, and evaluate their synergistic effect, shelf stability, bioavailability, and sensory quality.

Honeybee royal jelly: nutritional profile, biofunctional investigation, and development of royal jelly-based fermented functional food

Co -supervisors: Prof AB Belay, Prof TTI Nkambule

The general objective of this study will be to investigate the nutritional profile, biofunctional properties, and development of royal jelly-based fermented functional foods. The specific objective of this study will be to i nvestigate the nutritional profile of royal jelly (fatty acid profile, amino acid profile, and secondary metabolites of royal jelly). The project will also examine the biofunctional properties of royal jelly (in vitro antiproliferative activity, antioxidants, etc.) and d evelop as well as evaluate royal jelly-based fermented functional foods.

AAU COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS

• Groundwater pollution vulnerability mapping flow and contaminant transport modelling

Co-supervisors : Prof B Behailu, Prof WD Thwala, Prof TTI Nkambule

This project will investigate the potential and trend of the aquifer’s retention and movement of groundwater. The quality of groundwater will be ascertained by measuring water quality parameters and thus establish water quality indices and predictive models that are related to quality and the future impact of climate change.

Fabrication of carbon-based functional electrochemical sensors for pesticide detection ( Doctoral Level )

Main Supervisor: Dr K. E. Sekhosana ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisors: Prof U. Feleni, Dr X. G. Fuku and Prof M. J. Moloto

Agriculture is an important commodity which provides food security across the globe. Dairy farming, crop, and meat productions are classified as agriculture. These production classes require hygiene for optimal control of hazards throughout the entire food chain. Crops suffer from pathogens caused by fungi, fungal-like organisms, viroids, and nematodes, to name a few. These pathogens result from the existence of, at least, insects and rodents. Thus, the control measurements are required for the optimal production of crops without compromising the health of human beings and animals. Farmers usually opt for the employment of pesticides to alleviate pathogens. There are several types of pesticides including herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, organophosphorus (OPs) compounds. Among the pesticides, organophosphate and carbamate attract attention in agriculture, commercial and residential applications due to their high insecticidal activity, and cause residues in water, food, and soil. Thus, the implementation of agricultural quality supervision through the development of accurate and reliable pesticide residue detection methods is very crucial. In this case, electrochemical sensors can be the alternative analytical method for pesticide detection due to their high sensitivity, speed, low cost, and portability. Among research advances, demonstration of nanomaterials including those based on carbon with superior properties is very prominent. Thus, the aim of this project is to fabricate non-enzymatic electrodes with various carbon-based templates immobilized with functionalized metallic nanoflowers and nanoparticles for the detection of organophosphates.

Carbon-supported Metal Sulfide Electrocatalysts Developed Via an Electrochemical Approach for the Detection of Catecholamines (Masters Level)

Co-supervisors: Dr N. Palaniyandy, Dr M. J. Madito, and Dr M. Managa

Catecholamines, being hormones secreted by adrenal glands and also described as a monoamine neurotransmitters, are sensitive to emotional stress and, thus, may be released into the body. Although these hormones are responsible for the brain’s reward mechanism, memory, emotions and increased blood flow to the muscles, heart, and lungs, their uncontrolled levels usually result in medical issues such as high blood pressure.  Therefore, a simple electrochemical method is proposed for the early detection of abnormal levels of catecholamines. The electrochemical method will be based on metal sulfide nanomaterials grown on carbon p -electron systems.

Project: Synthesis and characterization of manganese-based hybrid nanomaterials for energy storage applications (Masters Level)

Main Supervisor: Dr N. W. Hlongwa ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisor: Dr M. J. Madito, Dr X. G. Fuku

The development of efficient, green, and sustainable eco-friendly renewable energy storage systems has become critical to meeting the increasing energy demand for our society's socio-economic development due to major issues associated with the generation and use of electricity, grid reliability, and reliance on fossil fuels. The most promising technology for balancing the electric grid and more effectively shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy from the wind or sun are batteries and supercapacitors (electrochemical energy storage devices). Furthermore, because of its high energy density, batteries are employed to power portable electronics and hybrid cars. Due to decreased power density, significant capacity fading at high charge/discharge rates, and restricted cyclability, battery technology is severely hampered (lifespan). Supercapacitors, unlike batteries, offer good power rates and cyclability but have lower energy densities. Because of these flaws in batteries and supercapacitors, they are ineffective when used independently, especially when great power and energy density are desired at the same time. Using them together also limits the size of electrical gadgets. The concept of fully integrated rechargeable hybrid battery-supercapacitor (supercapbattery) electrical energy storage devices is a promising approach to developing next-generation energy-storage systems. With this end-product in mind, we focus on synthesizing new hybrid electrode materials that combine the best features of batteries and supercapacitors to achieve enhanced energy, power density, and cyclability at a lower cost.

Project: Capacitive deionization based on novel graphene-manganese oxide nanocomposite electrocatalyst as the effective electrode in water purification (Masters Level)

Main Supervisor: Dr N. W. Hlongwa, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof U. Feleni, Dr S. E. Sekhosana

Capacitive Deionization (CDI) method for water purification shares the same ion storage mechanism as a supercapacitor. This is cutting-edge technology, suitable for low to medium ion concentration water purification. This technology works by desalinated ions driven to and then absorbed on oppositely charged electrodes under low voltage (≤ 2 V). Unlike reverse osmosis and thermal-based distillations, ions are absorbed directly from the water body instead of taking water molecules out during the charge step, which could save lots of energy, during the discharge. The stored ions will be released, electrodes will be regenerated, and partial energy could be recovered, the same as a supercapacitor. The key component in achieving the whole adsorption and desorption process is the electrodes. Many forms of carbon have been utilized for CDI electrodes. The research will involve the synthesis, characterization of novel nanostructured materials to be used as electrodes in the study of water purification. The objectives of this research are to desalinate seawater, and we will begin to use common salt (NaCl, KCl) in the lab to test the CDI device constructed.

Graphene-Based Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids: Effect on the physicochemical characteristics of the materials performance (Masters Level)

Main supervisor: Prof M.J. Madito ([email protected])

Co-supervisor: Prof R. M. Moutloali

An effective technology for remediating organic pollutants from wastewater demands the development and design of multifunctional porous materials with tunable properties. Because of their amenability to de novo chemistry, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become key materials of interest; however, they are limited by low chemical stability and inappropriate pore sizes. Functionalized/defective graphene can form stabilizing interactions with MOFs, enabling the fabrication of chemically stable graphene-based metal–organic framework hybrids with tunable pore characteristics. In this project, synthetic strategies for preparing graphene-based metal–organic framework hybrids will be investigated. The structure, and properties of graphene derivatives, MOFs, and their graphene-based MOF hybrids as well as the associated structure-property-effect on membrane and electrode performance will be extensively investigated.

Electrode Systems Based on Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials and Rare-earth Double Decker Phthalocyaninato Chelates: Towards the Electrochemical Sensing of Antiandrogens

Main Supervisor: Dr KE Sekhosana ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisors: Dr NW Hlongwa, Dr M Kebede and Prof L Madikizela

Anti-androgens (AAs) are a class of pharmaceuticals which find themselves as emerging pollutants in wastewater due to activities in pharmaceutical industries and hospitals. These contaminants affect the aquatic life. Thus, control and quantification measures are required to mitigate this problem. The electrochemical sensors that have been used to monitor the AAs show that more improvement is required for detection at very low levels. The proposed project will, thus, focus on developing the electrodes based on the new metal sulfide nanomaterials using the electrochemical and hydrothermal methods to develop stable organic-inorganic nanohybrids for enhanced and selective electrochemical sensing of antiandrogens. Pharmaceutical wastewater will be the primary target for water sampling for analysis of the selected pharmaceuticals. 

Mitigating biofouling in membranes using pH-triggered smart enzymatic nanomaterials (Masters Level)

Contact person: Dr C. S. Tshangana ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisors: A. A. Muleja, M. M. Motsa and B. B. Mamba

Water scarcity continues to plague South Africa and other countries globally, to circumvent this concern membrane technology has emerged as a viable technology of choice. Membrane technology has been applied on a large-scale. However, one of the greatest limitations of membrane technology on a large-scale is biofouling. Unlike other types of fouling such as colloidal, inorganic, and organic; in biofouling the microorganisms in the feedwater multiply and attach on the membrane surface creating a biofilm. The presence of the biofilm on these membranes negatively impacts on the operations and economics of the specific water treatment plants. This project therefore seeks to develop a novel renewable anti-biofouling strategy that employs pH-triggered smart enzymatic nanomaterials that are regenerable and are able to prevent the proliferation and formation of biofilms on the membranes. With achieved irreversible fouling resistance on the membranes, the resultant treated water will meet the SANS 241 standards safe for human consumption and will as result increase the operation and membrane lifespan.

Combining bioremediation with low-pressure membrane filtration for efficient wastewater treatment ( Doctoral Level )

Supervisor: M. M. Motsa ( [email protected] ) 

Co-supervisors: Prof E. N. Nxumalo, Dr M. Moreroa-Monyela

Drinking water in South Africa has been successfully treated to acceptable national and world health organization levels with just the convectional drinking water process or systems. However, there has been drastic changes in the composition of the feed water over the years, more drugs have been developed, better personal care products have been commercialized, efficient pesticides and herbicide have been used as well as the exponential growth in various industrial activities that produces wastewater on daily basis. These foreign substances find their way into the receiving water bodies and indirectly into water treatment facilities. In addition, climatic conditions have changed over the years, the average annual rainfall have decreased. All these factors have increased the strain on the current fresh water sources, but most importantly they call for improved, accurate and efficient treatment processes as well as the search for alternative water sources. Therefore, this work seeks to incorporate membrane processes in to existing biological process for treating wastewater for reuse purposes.

Membranes for pre-treatment of brackish waters (Masters Level)

Supervisor : Dr N. N. Gumbi ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisor: Prof L. M. Madikizela

The two-year project is directed towards the development of membranes for use in the pretreatment of brackish water using conventional techniques: non-solvent induced phase separation and interfacial polymerization methods. Optimization of synthesis parameters necessary to generate high performance membranes will be conducted. The Study will also entail the interrogation of separation mechanisms employed by fabricated membranes for the separation of salts from saline waters.

Tuning ultrafiltration membrane performance and stability through controlled membrane structure (Masters Level)

Supervisor : Dr Nozipho Gumbi ( [email protected] )

Co-supervisor : Prof E. N. Nxumalo

The study aims to fabricate high performance polymer blended ultrafiltration membranes through tuning membrane structure and stability over commercial cleaning chemicals. Polymer blend compatibility will be evaluated, and hollow fibre ultrafiltration membranes prepared via traditional nonsolvent induced phase separation methods.

Investigating the influence of superoxide radicals in the degradation of PFAS and membrane filtration (Masters Level)

Supervisor : Dr C. S. Tshangana, E-mail : [email protected]

Co-supervisor : Dr A. A. Muleja and Dr G. Mamba

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can generate various radical species with the ability to discriminately attack other molecules in the same medium. In this work, the influence of superoxide radicals in the degradation of short chain PFAS will be investigated to elucidate the mechanism of removal. Various materials and energy sources will be studied to achieve this objective. The AOPs system will be assisted by membrane filtration with the aim to ensure efficiency of removing potential by-products and other undesired contaminants in water for drinking purpose.

Use of biomass incorporated metal oxide nanocomposite for total remediation and neutralization of coal mine drainage (CMD) industrial wastewater. (Masters Level)

Supervisor : Dr T. N. Moja, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof L-A. de Kock and Prof A. T. Kuvarega

Coal mine drainage (CMD) is a huge concern to the environment due to acidic drainage that ends up accumulating and leaching to neighbouring streams, groundwater, and other water systems, thereby deteriorating the water quality. CMD is usually found in underground and surface mining activities, neglected and dilapidated mines. Acid mine drainage is formed when pyrite (iron sulphide) ‘FeS 2 ’ is exposed and reacts with air and water to form sulfuric acid. This acidic run-off dissolves toxic metals ions such as Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc etc. which contaminates ground and surface water. These metals are non-biodegradable and have a progressive toxic effect on living organisms as they accumulate over time. To address and mitigate the stated problems found in CMD, the use of an adsorbent derived from an activated carbon nanocomposite will be applied for neutralization and total removal of toxic metal ions causing acidity in mine drainage. Characterization techniques such as Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES-MS) and BET, FTIR, TGA-DSC-DMA, XRD etc. are used to evaluate the content of the nanocomposite as well as the availability of metal ion concentration in wastewater.

Photocatalytic inactivation of microorganisms in water (Masters Level)

Supervisor: Dr M. E. Managa, e-mail: [email protected]  

Co-supervisors : Prof A. T. Kuvarega and Prof M. J. Moloto

Bi-based photocatalysts have been considered suitable materials for water disinfection under natural solar light due to their outstanding optical and electronic properties. However, until now, there are not extensive work about the development of Bi-based materials and their application in bacterial inactivation in aqueous solutions. The work will focus on the fabrication visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysts such as bismuth (Bi)-based compounds conjugated to porphyrins.

Acid-assisted modification of coconut natural fibers and nutshells to enhance their effectiveness in the removal of dyes in textile wastewater (Masters Level)

Supervisors : Dr M. P. Mubiayi, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Dr T. N. Moja, Dr M. E. Managa

Dyes utilized in the textile industry are generated daily and are classified as one of the biggest pollutants of water. This is due to the declining water quality which could negatively affect human health. To remediate and mitigate the effect of dyes on the environment, studies on the use of cost-effective materials are important. Hence, the utilization of natural fibers as adsorbents of pollutants including dyes is significant since it requires minimal chemical modification, is an environmentally friendly process, and contributes to the use of waste.  Coconut trees are farmed and used in many countries and produce waste in the form of nutshells and fibers. This study will focus on the use of coconut fibers and pulverized nutshells to remove dyes in wastewater. Natural fibers will be removed from the coconut shells, the shells will be pulverized and both treated with different low-concentrated acids to investigate the enhancement of their adsorption capacity to remove dyes.

Anion exchange resins functionalized with metal oxide nanoparticles for the remediation of Per- and Polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water ( Doctoral Level )

Supervisor: Prof L.-A. de Kock, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof A. T. Kuvarega and Dr M. E. Managa

Per- and Polyfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent “forever” chemicals. Their presence in water sources has been well documented, as have their toxicity and bio-accumulation properties. They present a significant health concern. The mechanism of PFAS uptake by anion exchange resins with amino functional groups has been reported. The mechanism of uptake is reported to be influenced by diffusion, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic effects. The adsorption of PFAS is also influence by competing anions found in water. This study will investigate the effect of incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles into the ion exchange resin as well as the impact of competing ions. The exhausted resins will also be regenerated in order to determine the mechanisms of preferential adsorption for the different species.

Integrated Advanced Oxidation Processes/Membrane Technology for removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water (Doctoral Level)

Supervisor: Prof A. T. Kuvarega, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors : Dr M. E. Managa, Dr P. Mubiayi

This project entails the use of visible light energy to activate various chemical oxidants for enhanced degradation of CEC and fabrication of inorganic membranes for filtration of water containing CECs. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) encompasses a broad range of chemical processes in which highly oxidative radicals are generated at ambient temperature and pressure.  The radicals are generally non-selective towards the oxidative degradation of organic compounds and hence AOPs have found wide applications in environmental decontamination including water and wastewater treatment.  In-situ generation of the reactive radicals is facilitated by use of oxidants such as ozone (O 3 ), peroxydisulfate (S 2 O 8 2- ), peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and/or by use of high energy UV photons, solar light, ultrasound energy or electric current or a combination of these processes. Integrated approaches based on coupling AOPs with membrane processes have recently been reported as promising innovations in the field of pollutant degradation. The design of visible light responsive engineered catalysts coupled with oxidant activation systems is envisaged to accelerate the degradation of contaminants as the chemical oxidants increases the quantum efficiencies through generation of more oxidative free radicals or scavenging of photogenerated conduction band electrons.  The degradation of pollutants by AOPs rarely results in complete degradation of pollutants hence the integration with membrane processes as the water polishing step.  In this project, visible light active photocatalysts will be integrated with chemical oxidants and membrane filtration processes for the removal of emerging and hard-to-degrade organic pollutants in polluted water. Focus will be on wastewater from various wastewater treatment plants in South Africa.

Application of peracetic acid activated graphene oxide quantum dots doped natural zeolite for contaminated water treatment (Doctoral Level)

Supervisor: Dr AA Muleja; Email: [email protected]

Co-supervisors : Prof A. T. Kuvarega, Dr I. Kamika

This project presents an attempt to simultaneously degrade organics and disinfect contaminated water. An approach combining PAA activated by graphene oxide quantum dots (GQDs) and natural zeolite will be developed to treat contaminated water. Materials will be characterized with various techniques including microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal, optical, and mechanical analytical instruments. Several influential parameters such as effects of initial pH, contact time, PAA concentration, GQDs loading, and temperature will be studied. The mode of operation i.e., adsorption, filtration and advanced oxidation process will be assessed during the projected experiments. The application of this study will be achieved in a modular pilot scale working system.

Project Title: Solar-powered overall water splitting system: use of plastic waste as co-catalyst (Masters Level)

Supervisor: Dr Xolile Fuku, Email: [email protected]

Co-supervisors : Dr Mxolisi Motsa, and Prof Mesfin Kebede

As a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use.

Project Title: Microfluidic Electrochemical (geno)Sensors water monitoring system: Screening of Emerging Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species (Masters Level)

Co-supervisors : Prof Lawrence Madikizela and Dr Kutloano Sekhosana,

Water quality monitoring of drinking, waste, fresh and  seawaters  is of great importance to ensure safety and wellbeing for humans, fauna and flora. Researchers are developing robust  water monitoring   microfluidic  devices but, the delivery of a cost-effective, commercially available platform has not yet been achieved. Conventional water monitoring is mainly based on laboratory instruments or sophisticated and expensive handheld probes for on-site analysis, both requiring trained personnel and being time-consuming. As an alternative, microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool with the capacity to replace conventional analytical systems.

Visible Light Driven Mixed Matrix Membrane Reactor System for Desalination (Doctoral Level )

Supervisor : Prof Edward Nxumalo, Email: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof L. Shao, Prof B. B. Mamba

This is a SASOL funded project that looks at the fabrication of nanostructured mixed matrix photocatalytic membranes for the mitigation of biofouling in reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Through the agency of photocatalytic nanocomposites, the membranes are tailored for RO purposes, assessed for the degradation of microorganisms, their by-products and the degradation of selected organics found in industrial wastewater. A systems reactor tailored for combined photocatalytic and RO system will be fabricated to evaluate the performance of the membranes under real industrial parameters. Ultimately a prototype of a reactor system tailored for bio and organic fouling in RO systems will be fabricated and texted.

Nanostructured metal doped-metal oxide/reduce graphene oxide composites for sustainable environmental remediation (Doctoral Level)

Supervisor: Prof RM Moutloali; e-mail contact [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof M. Kebede, Prof F. G. Hone

Environmental remediation is a worldwide idea to provide a sustainable environment, alongside industrialization and rapid urbanization. Harmful organic and inorganic wastes are discharged into water systems by industry and households. This reality urgently requires a suitable wastewater treatment technology to efficient treat the contaminated water for general use by society. Metal oxide nanoparticles have been shown to photo-catalytically degrade these water contaminants. The significant features of the photocatalytic system are the desired band gap, suitable morphology, high surface area, stability and reusability. A variety of naturally abundant metal oxides (MOs) such as TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , WO 3 and CeO 2 have been extensively used as heterogenous photocatalysts for several decades [3. 4]. These heterogeneous photocatalysis are widely used in the removal of dyes, heavy metals, trichloroethylene and nitrate in wastewater due to their large specific surface area and high reactivity. The incorporation of transitional metal elements such as Co, Ni, Fe, Sn, Cu, W, Ag, etc. into the MOs lattice, like ZnO, structure to tune their properties, including its photocatalytic visible-light response and efficiency. Those metals increase efficient separation and prevent the recombination electron/hole pairs and helps MOs materials exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency with good recyclability. MO composites integrated with carbon materials have also attracted a great deal of attention as photocatalysts for environmental treatment. The project proposes that enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanocomposites through modulating the electron transport rate and reducing the charge recombination rate by employing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the formulation. The 2D rGO has high chemical stability, electron mobility, and large specific surface area as well as a potential supporting material for nanocomposites for suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs. These properties are beneficial for enhancing the photodegradation efficiency of the photocatalysts. The process and mechanisms will be studied both experimentally and computational methods.

Design and fabrications of low cost, highly efficient nanostructured/inorganic ordered heterojunction hybrid solar cells (Doctoral Level)

Supervisor: Prof M. Kebede , e-mail contact: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof F. G. Hone, Dr M. J. Madito

Hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells are considered as an innovative alternative for the next generation of low-cost photovoltaic devices. There are many strategies to improve the hybrid solar cell (HSC) properties, in which the device architecture of the HSC shows a significant effect on the efficiency of the HSCs. Inorganic nanocrystals-polymer bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cells usually have device structure similar to those of organic solar cells. The conducted polymer/ hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS provides an anode buffer material that enables efficient hole extraction. The photoactive layers may be prepared usually by spin-coating a NC/polymer blend solution onto an ITO substrate to form a thin film with appropriate thickness. A top metal electrode/ contact such as Ag, Al and Au will use as cathode which may vacuum-deposited onto the photoactive layer.

The aim of this project is to design and fabricate low cost, highly efficient organic-inorganic ordered heterojunction hybrid solar cells.

Project title: Integration of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and Nanoenzymenes into electrospun cellulose-based polymer membranes (Doctoral Level)

Supervisor: Prof RM Moutloali; e-mail contact: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Prof A. K. Mersha, Dr C. S. Tshangana

The project combines the expertise from the Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU) and Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS) in cellulose base science and membrane science for water treatment respectively. The project will explore the use of CNCs and nanozymes, synthetic materials that mimic enzyme functionality, into electrospun membranes for the remediation of persistent organic molecules in water as well as mitigate for growth of biofilms on the fibrous membrane structures. The synthetic approach and optimisation of CNCs and nanozymes will form the first of the project. This will be followed by their integration into the electrospun fibers using two approaches to assess the effect of the electrospun fiber structure on the activity and of the nanomaterials in organic compound degradation and inhibition of biomolecule growth on the fibers. The control of intra-fiber structure and relationship to nanomaterial interphase will be investigated to establish roles of the different preparation parameters on function and efficiency. Ultimately, the integrated nanomaterial-electrospun fiber membranes will be assessed under conditions in South Africa and Ethiopia leading to prototype development.

The development of high-entropy P 2 /O 3 biphasic cathode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries for sodium-ion battery (Doctoral Level)

Supervisors: Prof M. A. Kebede, e-mail: [email protected]

Co-supervisors: Dr N. W. Hlongwa,  Dr A. Debebe, Dr A. Kindu

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising and appearing as the most competitive in the large-scale energy storage system application because of the abundance of Na resource on the earth, their high energy density, and similar working mechanism with LIBs. Layered high entropy transition metal oxide NaTMO 2 (TM=Mn, Ni, Co, etc.) cathodes have attracted great attention as a potential high-capacity cathode materials for SIBs. This research project targets to synthesize, and characterize electrochemically stable high entropy layered cathode materials for advanced SIBs for large-scale stationary storage applications. After developing the cathode materials, they will be incorporated into full cell, and pouch cells for batttery pack assembly.

Fabrication of carbon block membranes from carbon feedstock for water treatment and energy efficiency (Masters Level)

Main supervisor : Dr A.A. Muleja, E-mail : [email protected]

Co-supervisor : Dr N. Shiba

This project seeks to valorise waste into carbon block membranes for drinking water treatment and energy production to ensure sustainability. Dry and/or wet carbon-based waste will be transformed into biochar and extruded into membranes. The biochar will be extruded to tubular membranes and evaluated for point of use system of drinking water. Furthermore, the gases released during biochar synthesis will be analysed and converted into energy for various uses i.e. heating; electricity and/or fuel. Gas/liquid chromatography will be performed to understand the products (water and gases) whereas focused beam reflectance measurement will be used for  in-situ  analysis of the process synthesis.  

Last modified: 2023/09/19

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Interested in Project Management?

Project management is recognised as a highly valued discipline in its own right. Organisations have come to rely on specialist project managers, with excellent practical skills and theoretical knowledge, to plan and deliver projects on time, within budget and specifications.

UniSA project management qualifications are endorsed by the Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM). 

If you are a professional looking to move into a project management role, or if you are looking to build a career in project management, this course of study is ideal. It has been designed to align strongly with the current needs of a diverse industry.

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Qualifications endorsed by the Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM).

Program curriculum and learning framework based on the Standard for Project Management and A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) as a learning framework as well as relevant other industry standards in the field.

Learn transferable foundational knowledge and project management principles that can be applied across a broad range of industries. 

Gain advanced knowledge, methodologies, tools and techniques in project, program and portfolio management to address the growing complexity of projects across various industries.

Undertake a practical research project that can focus on an issue within your workplace.

First postgraduate project management program offered in Australia (est. 1976).

Flexible study options including part-time course load and evening classes availability to working professionals. We welcome applicants from diverse academic and professional backgrounds.

• UniSA is an unstoppable university for unstoppable people. As one of the World’s Top Young Universities 1 , we’ll ensure you get the experience your future profession demands so it’ll feel like you’re studying one minute and in a career the next.

1 UNSTOPPABLE® is a Kellogg Company trade mark used under licence. Ranked #52, 2023 THE Young University Rankings.

Take the next steps in your career and begin a degree that features a curriculum embedded in industry knowledge. Our lecturers and facilitators come from both academia and industry. They are project management experts and practising industry professionals with extensive knowledge and experience.

You’ll have plenty of opportunities to network, exchange ideas and share experiences with practising project managers as well as other professionals.

UniSA’s project management qualifications are endorsed by the Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM), the longest-serving body for project management in Australia. With over 10,000 members they are recognised by Australian business, industry and government as the key promoter, developer and leader in project management professionalism.

UniSA offers a number of project management programs, with flexible study options available: the Graduate Certificate in Project Management , the Graduate Diploma in Project Management , the  Master of Project Management , the  Master of Project and Program Management , the Graduate Diploma in Project Management (Contract Management specialisation) and the  Master of Project and Program Management (Contract Management specialisation).

UniSA offers the following Project Management degrees

Choose your level of study

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We are a globally connected university with over 2,500 industry and professional relationships that support student internships, research and community engagement.

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Study at South Australia’s No. 1 university for graduate careers* and unlock your full potential.

*ComparED (QILT) Student Experience Survey 2020-21, Skills Development Indicator (Undergraduate). SA public universities.

With qualifications in project management, you’ll be well qualified to apply for roles such as Project Manager, Project Officer or Project Consultant. These professionals are employed in diverse areas such as: 

• information technology
• construction
• engineering
• assets and facilities
• infrastructure
• biopharmaceuticals
• community development

Global networks

We are a globally connected university; our staff and students come from over 90 countries. We have more than 2,500 industry and professional relationships that support student internships, research and community engagement.

UniSA also has extensive research strengths and partnerships that provide a strong foundation for all our degree programs.

The University of South Australia has more than 200 industry partners. In your courses, you will have opportunities to get real-world experience through projects and placements with our partners.

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There are a number of ways to apply to study UniSA's undergraduate and postgraduate coursework degrees.

You can access our online International Application System through our How to Apply page . The International Application System is an easy and secure online application and acceptance process. You will have visibility of your application through the secure online portal with the ability to download offer documents, submit your acceptance and make a payment.

Alternatively you can submit an application through one of the University's registered Education Agents .

If you are completing an Australian year 12 qualification in Australia or overseas, or the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme in Australia, you must apply through SATAC http://www.satac.edu.au/.

If you are applying for the UniSA Study Abroad or Study Abroad Plus program, you can submit your application online here .

Postgraduate study by research For information on applying to do postgraduate study by research, including Masters by Research, PhDs or Doctorates, please visit http://unisa.edu.au/resdegrees .

There is no closing date for submitting your application however the admissions process takes between one and three weeks from the date that we receive your application and all required supporting documentation.

If you are completing an Australian year 12 qualification in Australia or overseas, or the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme in Australia, you must apply through SATAC . Key dates for applications can be found here .

You may be eligible to receive credit or advanced standing for your chosen UniSA degree based on your previous studies, if they are in a related area at an equivalent or higher level. Receiving credit will reduce the number of courses you undertake within the degree, and may also reduce the overall duration of your degree.

The amount of credit you may be eligible to receive is assessed on a case-by-case basis by the Admissions team.

The best way to determine your eligibility to receive credit or advanced standing is to apply using our International Application System which can be found on our How to Apply page . You will need to supply detailed syllabus documents with your application.

UniSA welcomes the opportunity to speak with you regarding your study options. Our staff are able to talk to you about degree information, career outcomes and pathways, entry requirements, applications, and student life, so that you are able to make the best study decision for your future.

Click here to book a 1:1 appointment with one of our enquiries team.

We also have many events throughout the year in Australia and overseas where you can speak with UniSA representatives about your area of interest. View our calendar of events in your home country by selecting the 'International' filter.

Master of Project Management student Shan Bala discusses his experience of studying at the University of South Australia.

Lecturers are really knowledgeable in their areas and I benefited from their industry experience and work on real business projects. The examples and case studies used in lectures were from real life experiences and this made classes more enjoyable and industry-relevant.

Berfu Orhan Bekmez

Graduate Certificate in Project Management

The staff teaching have extensive industry knowledge and the online resources provided the flexibility, which I needed to complete my studies. I work full-time and have a young family, so the ability to study after hours was appealing to me. Studying at such a busy stage in my life was not something that I planned, but I really enjoyed it, and it certainly provided me with extra knowledge that I can apply to my career.

Master of Project Management

Why study at UniSA?

As one of the most innovative universities in Australia and Asia, there are many reasons to study with us. Here are just three:

Accessible, helpful and flexible

We have six campuses, a 24/7 online learning environment, and we offer flexible study options like online and evening courses.

Graduate success

UniSA is South Australia's number one university for graduate careers.* *ComparED (QILT) Graduate Outcomes Survey 2019-21 – Full-time Employment Indicator (Undergraduate). SA public universities.

A five star university

Five stars for research, employability, teaching, facilities, internationalisation, inclusiveness and innovation* *2022 QS Stars Ratings

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Phone: +61 8 8302 2376 Enquiry: unisa.edu.au/enquiry

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Phone: +61 8 9627 4854 Enquiry: unisa.edu.au/enquiry

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A step-by-step guide

Research degree applications are made through our secure online portal.

At UniSA, all research degree applications are made to a specific project as listed on our  research projects  page. Some projects have living allowance scholarship funding, and all projects list the Principal Supervisor. New projects are listed regularly, so please complete our  expression of interest form  if you wish to be notified of new projects in the future.

If you wish to develop your own project please review our guidelines about this, and contact the Graduate Research Admissions team if you have any questions.

Step 1: Check your eligibility

Take the first step towards applying for a research degree – check whether you are eligible.

Step 2: Find a research project

Ready to apply now? View the research projects available for application.

Got a question?

Feel free to get in touch with the Graduate Research team if you have any questions.

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Unisa community engagement initiative targets school underperformance

Dr Shahieda Jansen, Deputy Director: Academic & Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Support, undertook a community engagement project underscoring school belonging as a crucial factor in mitigating underperformance and its results in Western Cape communities. This project highlights Unisa’s steadfast commitment to enhancing societal well-being through research, while positively influencing lives in service to humanity.

Dr Shahieda Jansen

School underperformance and high dropout rates create a pool of vulnerable youth, who are more susceptible to involvement in crime. Addressing these educational gaps is crucial to break the cycle and build a safer, more prosperous future for the nation. This is the motivation behind Jansen’s community engagement project.

The project, titled Strengthening school belonging among urban high school boys in Cape Town, South Africa , focused on boys’ academic underperformance and other related problems relevant to boys such as aggression, violence, bullying and school dropout, among others. Jansen’s target was a sample of boys between 10 and 18 years of age at two pilot schools, one primary school (Southfield) and one high school (Salt River).

She explains that the academic underachievement of boys is a global concern. "When boys underperform academically, they are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system or in graveyards. With this project the university directly addresses a major local concern as well as a global problem."

Jansen adds that the desired outcome is to reveal data analysis that shows that school-belonging workshops have improved the sense of school belonging among participating boys, which, in turn, reflects on improved academic performance in accordance with school report results.

Jansen says that this project is registered as a community engagement (CE) project with the university, with an available budget. "It is also important," she continues, "to note that the school-belonging proposal received ethics clearance from Unisa’s research ethics committee. The relevant region (Unisa Western Cape) has also been supportive with venues, transportation, catering, administrative support, marketing and communications, and other resources."

With regard to potential partners within the community, Jansen comments that they are collaborating with the Cornerstone Institute, a non-profit higher education institute, who provided administrative support at some stages of the project. "There are other NGOs that have been identified that will be approached in due course," she adds.

"This is a pilot study, so it was deliberately kept small, as it also involves research," explains Jansen. "But in the future, males who are located inside institutions like schools and universities will be trained as part of a sustainability strategy for school belonging for boys. The goal is to create in-house school-belonging programmes for boys which will extend to school-belonging programmes for girls, teachers and many more."

In conclusion, Jansen states that the school-belonging project is informed by the indigenous notion of belonging, namely Umoya . In addition, she adds: "The approach to belonging is holistic and extends beyond religious/cultural affiliations. All of us, irrespective of religion, race, educational level or gender, depend on belonging for our thriving and surviving. Belonging is at the root of all human connections, whether to nature, the family, school, university or work."

Unisa's unwavering commitment to research positions it as a leader in innovation and knowledge creation. By empowering researchers and fostering a supportive environment, Unisa is not only shaping the future of the country’s communities, but also making a significant contribution to help transform communities into safer, crime-free and prosperous spaces.

* By Godfrey Madibane, Acting Journalist, Department of Institutional Advancement

Publish date: 2024/04/26