neuro ophthalmology thesis topics

Neuro-Ophthalmology

• © 2016
• Judit Somlai 0 ,
• Tibor Kovács 1

Department of Neurology and Stroke, Unit of Neuro-ophthalmology, Budapest, Hungary

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Semmelweis University, Department of Neurology, Budapest, Hungary

Provides guidance for everyday neuro-ophthalmology practice

Discusses diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation

Lavishly illustrated throughout

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Table of contents (70 chapters)

Front matter, the importance and role of neuro-ophthalmology, the importance and role of neuro-ophthalmology in ophthalmological clinical practice.

Judit Somlai

The Importance of Neuro-ophthalmology in Neurology

Tibor Kovács

Objectives and Recent Results in the Neuro-Ophthalmological Clinical Practice

Mechanisms of parallel information processing in the visual system.

• György Benedek

A New Direction: Neuro-endocrino-immunology

• Csaba Balázs

Visual and Oculomotor Disorders in Internal Diseases

• György Pfliegler

Genetic Aspects of Neuro-ophtalmological Diseases

• Mária Judit Molnár

Recent Knowledge in the Neurosurgical Practice Regarding the Visual System

• János Vajda

The Role of Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Treatment of Neuro-ophthalmological Diseases

• Gyôrgy T. Szeifert, Jenô Szeifert

Neurointerventional Treatment of Diseases Causing Neuro-ophthalmological Symptoms

• Istvan Szikora

Recent Results in Neuropathology: Demyelinating and Conformational Diseases

Conventional, novel and complementary examinations in ophthalmology, algorithm of the neuro-ophthalmological examination used in the international practice, objective and subjective examination methods of visual acuity.

• Márta Janáky

Examination of Contrast Sensitivity

Examination of color vision.

• Klára Aczél

Electroretinography (ERG): Electrophysiological Examination of the Retina

• Ägnes Farkas

Functional Examinations of the Visual Pathway System with Electrophysiological Methods

• cortical vision loss
• neuro-ophthalmology
• ocular disorder
• oribital and facial surgery

About this book

Following on from introductory sections devoted to the role of neuro-ophthalmology, recent developments in the field, and an overview of neuro-ophthalmological examinations, there are sections devoted to the different parts of the visual system, and finally a section on rehabilitation.

Neuro-ophthalmology is aimed at ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, traumatologists, neuroradiologists, experts in cardiology and stroke, and trainees in these areas. It will also be of interest to neuro-rehabilitation specialists, neuropsychologists, and those working in typhlopedagogy and health informatics.

“The book really is a tour de force. The illustrations, of which there is an ample number, are generally of excellent quality, including MRIs, CTs, fundus photographs, and visual field reproductions. In summary, there currently are a host of fine textbooks available for the reader who wishes to learn about the diagnosis and management of known or presumed neuroophthalmological disorders, but there is none any better than this one. Get it, read it, and learn from it!” (Neil R. Miller, Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, October, 2016)

“The book is a perfect example of the holistic approach … . With its 700-plus pages, attractive design, careful editing and brilliant figures, the book could rightly apply for the title ’Medical Book of the Year’ and the reviewer (who is biased towards the authors) would whole-heartedly support this application. According to the saying of Terentianus, (“habent sua fata libelli”) all books have their own destiny and I do hope this book is destined for success. The reviewer willingly recommends this book not only to residents, specialty registrars and specialists but also to everyone interested in neuroophthalmology, neurology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery or radiology, as well as to internists who treat patients with neuroophthalmological symptoms and complaints.” (Prof. Dr. László Csiba, Head, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Doctor of Sciences,  Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member,  Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

Editors and Affiliations

About the editors.

Judit Somlai, neurologist, ophthalmologist, neuro-ophthalmologist

Head of Unit, Unit of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Neurology & Stroke

Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary

Tibor Kovács, neurologist, neuro-pathologist, clinical pharmacologist

Deputy Director, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology

Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Neuro-Ophthalmology

Editors : Judit Somlai, Tibor Kovács

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28956-4

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Medicine , Medicine (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-319-28954-0 Published: 07 June 2016

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-319-80463-7 Published: 07 June 2018

eBook ISBN : 978-3-319-28956-4 Published: 25 May 2016

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XXI, 728

Number of Illustrations : 211 b/w illustrations, 245 illustrations in colour

Topics : Neurology , Ophthalmology

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Neuro-Ophthalmology Cases for the Neurologist

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Scurlock 450, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
• 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
• 3 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 7.420, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
• 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Scurlock 450, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Section of Ophthalmology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• PMID: 27445244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.04.005

Neurologists should be aware of specific urgent and emergent neuro-ophthalmic conditions, including giant cell arteritis, arterial dissection, intracranial aneurysm, pituitary apoplexy, and invasive sino-orbital fungal infection (eg, mucormycosis). Early recognition and treatment can greatly impact patient morbidity and mortality, including the preservation of vision and life. Neurologists should be cognizant of the key and differentiating clinical and radiographic features for these presentations.

Keywords: Arterial dissection; Giant cell arteritis; Intracranial aneurysm; Mucormycosis; Pituitary adenoma and apoplexy.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Publication types

• Case Reports
• Aged, 80 and over
• Eye Diseases / complications
• Eye Diseases / diagnosis*
• Eye Diseases / therapy
• Middle Aged
• Nervous System Diseases / complications
• Nervous System Diseases / diagnosis*
• Nervous System Diseases / therapy*
• Vision Disorders / etiology*
• Vision Disorders / therapy*

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Hotspots and trends in ophthalmology in recent 5 years: Bibliometric analysis in 2017–2021

1 State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China

3 Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China

Weining Zhu

4 Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Yingshi Zou

Bowen zhang, guangming jin, zhenzhen liu, associated data.

Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/alldb/basic-search .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hotspots and research trends of ophthalmology research.

Ophthalmology research literature published between 2017 and 2021 was obtained in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The bibliometric analysis and network visualization were performed with the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Publication-related information, including publication volume, citation counts, countries, journals, keywords, subject categories, and publication time, was analyzed.

A total of 10,469 included ophthalmology publications had been cited a total of 7,995 times during the past 5 years. The top countries and journals for the number of publications were the United States and the Ophthalmology. The top 25 global high-impact documents had been identified using the citation ranking. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the hotspots in ophthalmology research were epidemiological characteristics and treatment modalities of ocular diseases, artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology, COVID-19-related telemedicine, and screening and prevention of ocular diseases. Keyword burst analysis revealed that “neural network,” “pharmacokinetics,” “geographic atrophy,” “implementation,” “variability,” “adverse events,” “automated detection,” and “retinal images” were the research trends of research in the field of ophthalmology through 2021. The analysis of the subject categories demonstrated the close cooperation relationships that existed between different subject categories, and collaborations with non-ophthalmology-related subject categories were increasing over time in the field of ophthalmology research.

Conclusions

The hotspots in ophthalmology research were epidemiology, prevention, screening, and treatment of ocular diseases, as well as artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology and telemedicine. Research trends in ophthalmology research were artificial intelligence, drug development, and fundus diseases. Knowledge from non-ophthalmology fields is likely to be more involved in ophthalmology research.

Introduction

More than 2.2 billion people worldwide were visually impaired or blind to date, with an annual economic burden of more than $269.4 billion ( 1 ). Development in ophthalmology is essential for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases, and relevant research is growing rapidly in breadth and depth and forming complex knowledge networks. Glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and some hereditary eye diseases were previously considered irreversible blindness-causing diseases, and progress had been made to cure or alleviate them by modulating new targets or using new technologies ( 2 – 4 ). Cataracts and posterior capsular opacification were previously thought to be treated only with surgery, but in the recent years, there had been new developments in research into drugs that inhibit cataract formation ( 5 , 6 ). With the advances in the field of ophthalmology, new hope has emerged in areas previously considered untreatable or treatable only through non-pharmaceutical interventions ( 7 – 10 ). However, it is not feasible to analyze the overall overview of the field of ophthalmology and to explore its research hotspots and trends with a traditional systematic review, which is not conducive to the development of the field.

Bibliometric analysis is the quantitative analysis of the universal scientific production data in a specific field ( 11 ). Bibliometric method obtains the history and current status of the research field development by analyzing the scientific research results and can make predictions of the research field ( 12 ). Previous studies have conducted bibliometric analysis on individual country contributions or focused only on randomized controlled studies in ophthalmology and citation patterns in ophthalmology journals ( 13 – 19 ). Unsolved questions still remain as to how to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different global research forces (countries, journals) in ophthalmology and identify hotspots and future research trends in ophthalmology based on a wide range of research results in different subfields of ophthalmology.

This study was intended to quantitatively analyze and visualize the global ophthalmology publication from 2017 to 2021 using bibliometric methods to explore the global research forces (countries, journals), possible hotspots, and future trends of ophthalmology research and to provide insight for research development and public health policy formulation in the field of ophthalmology.

Data sources

All the data used in this study were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA, USA). The search was conducted by searching the Topic Subject retrieval field using “ophthalmology” as the subject word. Articles published between 2017 and 2021 were included, with no restrictions on the language type or document type of the articles. Data were collected on 28 January 2022.

Data collection and processing

To describe the number of articles published per year, the number of annual citations of the articles, the number of country publications, and the number of journal publications in the field of ophthalmology, relevant data were downloaded in the Web of Science Core Collection. All ophthalmology-related articles with their corresponding references and all publication-related information were exported as plain text for country collaboration analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, keyword burst analysis, and subject category co-occurrence analysis. To make the results more informative, keywords that were not relevant or meaningful to the analysis were filtered and removed during the data processing.

Statistical and bibliometric analysis

Statistical descriptions of the number of annual publications, the number of annual citations, the number of country publications, and the number of journal publications were performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 8.4.2 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).

Bibliometric analysis was carried out using VOSviewer (Leiden University's Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden, the Netherlands) to obtain country collaborations and research hotspots. Several clusters were formed based on the country cooperation analysis, with countries of the same color belonging to the same cluster. Countries within clusters cooperated relatively closely, whereas cooperation among countries between clusters was relatively weak. The research hotspots were obtained from the clusters formed by the co-occurrence analysis of high-frequency keywords. The common characteristics of high-frequency keywords within the same cluster revealed the research hotspots. The frequency of keyword occurrences was used to weight the size of the keywords. The larger the keyword, the higher the frequency of occurrence.

Furthermore, CiteSpace V version 5.8.R3 (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) was used for bibliometric analysis to obtain the burst keywords and subject category cooperation. The keyword burst analysis was performed to obtain temporal trends in keywords in the field of ophthalmology. The most recent burst keywords were defined as research frontier topics, indicating the potential for continued research breakthroughs in these topics. The co-occurrence of subject categories was analyzed to obtain the collaboration of subject categories. The number of occurrences of a subject category was used to weight the subject category. The more occurrences a subject category had, the larger it was. Temporal trends in subject category occurrences were represented by temporal rings of subject categories, the thickness of which represented the number of subject category occurrences in the corresponding year. Interdisciplinary cooperation was represented by the connecting line between subject categories. The thicker the connecting line, the closer the collaboration.

Global research output distribution

A total of 139 countries contributed to the publications related to ophthalmology research, with a total of 10,469 articles, which were cited 7,995 times. The number of publications had increased year by year, but there was an inflection point in citation counts. Citation counts increased year by year from 2017, reaching 2,650 citations in 2020, whereas citations in 2021 decreased compared to 2020 ( Figure 1A ). The analysis of countries showed that the United States had the highest number of publications, more than three to four times the number of other countries, followed by the United Kingdom, India, Germany, and China ( Figure 1B ). Country collaboration analysis yielded four clusters, with close cooperation between countries within each cluster ( Figure 1C ). Publications related to ophthalmology research were distributed in 1,876 journals, and the top 10 journals in terms of the number of articles published were the Ophthalmology ( n = 1,263, 12.06%), the Ophthalmology. Retina ( n = 580, 5.54%), the BMJ Case Reports ( n = 270, 2.58%), the Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology: the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society ( n = 260, 2.48%), the Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science ( n = 214, 2.04%), the Ophthalmology, Glaucoma ( n = 204, 1.95%), the Journal of Current Ophthalmology ( n = 200, 1.91%), the European Journal of Ophthalmology ( n = 191, 1.82%), the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology ( n = 173, 1.65%), and Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery ( n = 171, 1.63%) ( Figure 1D ).

Global distribution of research output. (A) Annual publications and citations of ophthalmology research from 2017 to 2021. (B) Top 10 countries in terms of total publications. (C) Country cooperation networks. (D) Top 10 journals by total publication volume of ophthalmology research in a 5-year period.

Global high-impact documents

The top 25 high-impact articles in ophthalmology published between 2017 and 2021, ranked by total citations, are shown in Table 1 . All the articles had been cited more than 150 times, with the highest number of citations being 419. Of these articles, 10 were published in 2017, 12 in 2018, one in 2019, and two in 2020. In total, 12 of these articles were published in the Ophthalmology and three in the Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. According to the type of publication, there were 16 original research articles and 9 review articles. The keywords involved in the articles are listed in Table 1 , including 5 articles each on OCT and deep learning, 4 articles each on diabetes and macular degeneration, and other related research topics such as glaucoma, artificial intelligence, and drugs.

Top 25 most cited documents published between 2017 and 2021.

Research hotspots

Keyword co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that the three most frequent of all keywords were “glaucoma” ( n = 395), “retina” ( n = 321), and “optical coherence tomography” ( n = 230). In the past 5 years, 157 high-frequency keywords in the field of ophthalmology were identified by setting the minimum frequency of keyword occurrence at 20 times. These keywords formed four clusters: the “glaucoma” cluster (red; 86 items), the “retina” cluster (green; 47 items), the “COVID-19” cluster (blue; 13 items), and the “screening” cluster (yellow; 8 items) ( Figure 2 ). After summarizing the keyword clusters, four research hotspots were identified: epidemiological characteristics and treatment modalities of diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology, COVID-19-related telemedicine, and screening and prevention of eye diseases.

Ophthalmology research hotspots analysis. The keywords formed four clusters, which were differentiated by color in the diagram, with the same color being the same cluster. The keyword size indicated the number of occurrences of the keyword, whereas the thickness and distance of the connecting lines between the keywords indicated the frequency of co-occurrence between the two keywords.

Research trends

Keyword burst analysis showed that “neural network,” “pharmacokinetics,” “geographic atrophy,” “implementation,” “variability,” “adverse events,” “automated detection,” and “retinal images” were the hot topics of research in the field of ophthalmology through 2021 and displayed the potential to become the research frontiers to achieve breakthroughs shortly ( Figure 3A ).

Ophthalmology research trends analysis. (A) Keyword burst analysis. The red line indicates the year in which the burst of the corresponding keyword began and ended. (B) Subject category analysis. The larger subject categories indicate their greater frequency and importance, and the distance between subject categories indicates how closely they collaborate. The lines between subject categories indicate the collaboration between the subject categories at either end, with the color of the different lines representing the collaboration time in the different subject categories and the thickness representing the degree of collaboration closeness. The color of the temporal rings represents the occurrence of that subject category in different years, the thicker the corresponding temporal rings, the more frequently it occurs, with the time scale at the bottom right.

In terms of subject categories, the top three subject categories with the highest volume of ophthalmology-related research publications were medicine general internal ( n = 1,138, 10.87%), clinical neurology ( n = 482, 4.604%), and surgery ( n = 368, 3.515%) ( Table 2 ). The subject categories of ophthalmology research were divided into two types: one was the traditional ophthalmology-related subject categories, such as medicine general internal, clinical neurology, and surgery, and the other one was the non-ophthalmology-related subject categories, such as engineering, computer science, and chemistry. The analysis of subject category collaboration relationships indicated that over time more collaborative relationships had emerged between non-ophthalmology-related subject categories ( Figure 3B ).

Subject categories in ophthalmology from 2017 to 2021.

Research in the field of ophthalmology showed a year-on-year increase in the number of articles published in the last 5 years, with the most published country being the United States and the most prolific journal being the Ophthalmology. The top 25 high-impact articles worldwide were cited more than 150 times per article. A total of four research hotspots were identified: epidemiological characteristics and treatment modalities of diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology, COVID-19-related telemedicine, and screening and prevention of eye diseases. Cross-talk between different non-ophthalmology subject categories was also an important trend in ophthalmology.

The annual publication volume, country distribution, and journal distribution of the ophthalmology research articles revealed a global overview of research output in the field of ophthalmology. The output of ophthalmology research showed an increasing trend in the last 5 years, suggesting that the socioeconomic input and scientific output of the subject area were also developing ( 20 ). The individual contributions of some countries to ophthalmology research were previously reported, but there were limitations on the overall evaluation of all countries' contributions to ophthalmology research and of country collaboration ( 13 – 17 ). This study showed that the predominant countries in ophthalmology research included the United States, the United Kingdom, and India, and countries such as Germany, China, and Australia also played an important role in the contribution. Several stable collaborative networks have been formed between countries, which can facilitate cross-border research data sharing and the globalization of scientific research. The top five most published journals showed that ophthalmology research was mainly focused on clinical ophthalmology (Ophthalmology, BMJ Case Reports), basic ophthalmology research (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science) and neuro-ophthalmology (Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Retina).

The high-impact articles in ophthalmology indicated that researchers in the field of ophthalmology were primarily concerned with ophthalmological health or disease states, as well as ophthalmological technologies and applications. In terms of health or disease conditions, age-related macular degeneration ( 21 – 24 ), glaucomatous optic neuropathy ( 25 , 26 ), corneal blindness ( 27 ), and other blinding eye diseases occupied important research positions. Research directions such as screening for diabetic retinopathy ( 28 , 29 ), preventing myopia ( 30 ), optimizing visual outcomes, and controlling complications after IOL implantation following cataract surgery were dedicated to the active identification, management, and control of disease risk factors, making the eye disease controllable and manageable ( 31 , 32 ). In addition, researchers were also concerned with the management of Behcet's syndrome ( 33 ) and COVID-19 infection prevention in ophthalmology ( 34 ). In ophthalmology-related technologies, the frontiers were artificial intelligence algorithms ( 23 , 25 , 26 , 35 – 38 ), new pathways for drug delivery ( 39 , 40 ), and new materials for therapy ( 41 ). In ophthalmology-related applications, the pioneering applications were optical coherence tomography ( 23 , 24 , 35 , 42 – 44 ), stem cell therapy, and tissue repair ( 45 ).

After clustering the high-frequency keywords in the past 5 years, four research hotspots in the field of ophthalmology were obtained. First, the epidemiological characteristics and treatment modalities of diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy were the hot topics of ophthalmology research. The emergence of these hot topics was consistent with the increasing prevalence of systemic chronic diseases such as diabetes in the last 5 years, and several studies have revealed associations and common biomarkers of ophthalmology and systemic diseases ( 46 – 49 ). More future work needs to further focus on the diagnosis and optimal treatment strategies for blinding diseases associated with systemic conditions ( 50 ). Moreover, deep learning algorithms that could rapidly and non-invasively identify pathological features of eye diseases joined ophthalmology research ( 23 ). Deep learning algorithms could classify age-related cataract types based on slit-lamp photographs, and fully automated AI-based screening systems had been approved for the use in diabetic retinopathy ( 37 , 51 ). Furthermore, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increase in the length of patient visits due to disease control and health-related problems associated with COVID-19 infections, which had a dramatic impact on ophthalmology health care. On the one hand, the close contacts physicians need when attending to patients could increase the risk of cross-infection between patients or between health care workers and patients, resulting in infection control to be optimized in ophthalmology practice. On the other hand, the need for timely intervention for patients was driving the development of telemedicine during the pandemic ( 34 , 52 ). Finally, the development of diagnostic technology has driven ophthalmology research toward early screening and disease prevention.

The keywords that were still bursting until 2021 were research trends. The keywords “neural networks,” “pharmacokinetics,” “automated detection,” and “retinal images” in this part of the keyword list were consistent with the hot research directions obtained by keyword clustering. Other keywords that had burst to 2021 could be newly emerging keywords that had not yet had time to be highly cited, were hotspots for research in ophthalmology, and were likely to continue to be of interest for some times to come. Concerning the disciplinary analysis, the analysis of this study revealed that there was extensive cross-collaboration in various basic areas of non-ophthalmology-related research. Knowledge from non-ophthalmology fields is likely to be more involved in ophthalmology research.

Strengths of the study include a global view of research forces in ophthalmology from a wide range of the literature. Additional study strengths include the revealing of highly cited documents in ophthalmology that provide useful information for researchers. Outcome measures addressed the global research force contributions, research hotspots, and research trends of ophthalmology research, providing an in-depth study of the field of ophthalmology.

Only data from the Web of Science Core Collection database were included in this study, but the Web of Science Core Collection database, as a citation database, already contained comprehensive data on the articles and corresponding citations, which was sufficient for capturing the overall development of the scientific field. In addition, the results of the analysis by the visualization software may include some repetitive and meaningless information. We tried to identify some of the hot topics that were influencing ophthalmology research, so the raw data had been further filtered to remove irrelevant or meaningless words.

In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of ophthalmology-related research based on the Web of Science Core Collection database. The hotspots in ophthalmology research were epidemiology, prevention, screening, and treatment of ocular diseases, as well as artificial intelligence and fundus imaging technology and telemedicine. Research trends in ophthalmology research were artificial intelligence, drug development, and fundus diseases. There was an extensive cross-talk of ophthalmology-related research in various basic areas. Knowledge from non-ophthalmology fields is likely to be more involved in ophthalmology research.

Data availability statement

Author contributions.

ZL and GJ designed the study and provided a critical review for the manuscript. YT and WZ wrote the manuscript. YT, WZ, YZ, BZ, YY, and WL collected and analyzed the data. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873675), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515011181), the Teaching Reform Research Program of Sun Yat-sen University (JX3030604024), and the Youth Project of State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology (2021QN02).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher's note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

50 Thesis Topics in Ophthalmology to Know What to Write About

Table of Contents

Ophthalmology Thesis Topics: What Should They Be?

Thesis topics in ophthalmology should represent solid research in the sphere on the basis of strong evidence. While writing a thesis, one should pay attention to the statistical measures in the field to address the methods and techniques of solving difficult medical tasks. Thesis topics in ophthalmology are significant for the examination of the urgent topics on eye diseases and the discovery of the means of treating the eye conditions.

Ophthalmologists have long been engaged in eye treatment, the study of physiology, but in recent years, science has made a huge leap forward. Today, these doctors create new methods of treatment, conduct scientific activities, trying to find the causes of the development of various diseases, work with congenital and acquired pathologies.

Ophthalmology Research Data to Think Over

If we talk only about statistics in America , then 24, 4 million Americans suffer from cataracts. By the age of 75, this figure reaches half the total population of America of this age. Glaucoma, in turn, affects 2.7 million Americans over 40 years of age.

These figures determine the demand for ophthalmologists in the labor market and the popularity of training in the specialty “Ophthalmology”. Innovative techniques, modern scientific knowledge, and equipment today make it possible to cure eye diseases, which 10 or 15 years ago deprived patients of sight forever.

That is why medical students are involved in scientific activities starting from college, and the successful writing of a dissertation is almost a guarantee of high professionalism of the graduate and his readiness to help people maintain the ability to see the world. Below we have collected 50 topics of dissertations in ophthalmology. Choose the most interesting to prove that you have the right to call yourself a doctor and treat people.

To begin with, due to the negative impact of computers and laptops, the majority of individuals experience eye pain and dry eye condition. This might be an important topic for discussion since it is estimated that millions of adults suffer from the dry eye. The controversies in ophthalmology have arisen over a long time concerning the etiology of dry eye and experience of pain. The evidence from other fields shows that alterations in the central nervous system exacerbate the irritative symptoms and eye pain. Sometimes, the patient can complain about chronic pain syndrome that is characterized by systemic pain.

Dry eye disease occurs in 5% to 35% of the world population and is more present in females. The condition has severe consequences for life quality negatively influencing visual activity, productivity at work, social interaction, and physical functioning. The sources reveal that individuals with dry eyes of the moderate and severe degree have similar either social or psychological life as people experiencing angina of the same degree or those who made hospital dialysis. The dry eye condition is connected with the disorder of the tear film, meibomian glands, violation of normal ocular surface, and inflammation of the eye surface. The disease is accompanied by the huge discomfort, disturbance of tear film, and visual difficulties that might lead to the damage of the ocular surface. Patients suffering from dry eye disease have problems with focus because of the tear film osmolarity and ocular surface inflammation.

Corneal sensation remaining intact is essential to keep the healthy ocular surface as well as quality and quantity of tears because corneal nerves have the direct trophic impact on maintaining the corneal epithelium. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) might be used to reflect the cornea involving the sub-basal nerve layer in people with dry eye disease. As a matter of fact, the condition can be triggered by the majority of mechanisms that result in the ocular irritation; however, it is still not understood what is the cause of dry eyes when the tears are normally produced and the ocular surface is moist enough.

To conclude, the discordant dry eye appears because of the tear production discordance and ocular surface staining. The processes in the central nervous system are interchangeably connected with the severe symptoms of eye strain and ocular surface damage. Further research should be done to relieve the symptoms and find the adequate treatment of the disease.

50 Ophthalmology Dissertation Topics to Choose From

Feel free to check the following list of topics.

• Surgical Treatment of Exophoria Complicated by Horizontal V-Syndrome;
• Possibilities of Detecting Early Disturbances in Eye Hydrodynamics in Patients with Cataracts and Ocular Manifestations of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome;
• Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in the Diagnosis of Pathology of the Extreme Periphery of the Fundus;
• Experimental Clinical Rationale for the Use of Nd: Yag Laser with a Wavelength of 1.44 Microns in the Technology of Anterior Capsulorhexis and Remote Hemostasis;
• Medico-Technological System of Surgical Treatment of Progressive Keratectasia of Various Origins;
• Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment with a Wavelength of 577 Nm in the Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy;
• The Clinical and Experimental Rationale for the Combined Use of Neodymium Ion 1.44 Microns and Helium-Neon 0.63 Microns Lasers in Cataract Surgery;
• Yag-Laser Activation of Trabeculae in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma;
• The Study of the Effectiveness of Micropulse Laser Irradiation with a Wavelength of 577 Nm in Macular Edema After Surgical Removal of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane;
• The Clinical and Experimental Rationale for Optimized Uv-Crosslinking Technology in the Treatment of Keratoconus;
• Clinical And Laboratory Substantiation of the Use of Orthokeratology Lenses in Progressive Myopia in Children;
• Optimization of Surgical Treatment of Retinal Vein Thrombosis Outcomes;
• The Results of Surgical Correction of High Myopia with Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses;
• The System of Treatment and Rehabilitation Activities in Patients with Paralytic (Paretic) Strabismus;
• Surgical Treatment of Keratectasia of Various Origins by the Intrastromal Keratoplasty Method with Polymeric Corneal Segments;
• Comparison of Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography and Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in the Diagnosis of Primary Glaucoma;
• Clinical and Functional Results of Surgical Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Using the Method of Peri-Basal Vitrectomy;
• The Modern System of Diagnostics, Treatment, and Organization of High-Tech Ophthalmic Care for Children with Active Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity;
• Limbal Co-Transplantation in the Prevention of Rejection of Donor Corneas in High-Risk Keratoplasty;
• Vascular Disorders in the Anterior Part of the Eye at Different Stages of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome;
• Induction of Posterior Vitreous Detachment in the Surgical Treatment of Retinal Detachment;
• Combined Phacoemulsification Method in Patients with Operated Glaucoma;
• Features of the Quality of Life of Patients with Cataract and Glaucoma Before and After Surgical Treatment;
• Ophthalmologic Diagnostics and Tactics of Treatment of Cranio-Orbital Injuries in the Acute Period of Traumatic Brain Injury;
• Features of Pupillary Reactions and Regional Hemodynamics of the Eye in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Different Levels of Glycemia;
• Prevention and Treatment of Corneal Lesions in Endocrine Ophthalmopathy;
• Antibacterial Drugs in the Prevention of Complications of Cataract Phacoemulsification;
• Possibilities for Stimulating the Secretion of Tears in Patients with Hypolacrimia in the “Dry” Eye Syndrome;
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinomycotic and Mycotic Diseases of the Lacrimal Ducts;
• Study of the Clinical Efficacy of Diaphragm Glasses;
• The Study of Sclera Rigidity In Healthy and Glaucomatous Eyes;
• Clinical and Instrumental Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors of the Orbit;
• Ophthalmotonus Biorhythms in Health and Glaucoma;
• Clinical And Laboratory Diagnosis of Early Stages of Keratoconus;
• The Clinical and Functional Rationale for the Tactics of Surgical Treatment with a Combination of Retinal Detachment with Lens Opacities;
• Combined Surgical Treatment of Retinal Detachment in the Advanced Stage of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy;
• Mathematical, Experimental and Clinical Rationale for the Prevention and Correction of Corneal Astigmatism and Capsular Bag Pathology in Cataract Surgery;
• The Method of Combined Treatment of Progressive Myopia;
• Modification of Sinusotomy in the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma;
• Optimization of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Involutional Entropion of the Lower Eyelid;
• Peripheral Vortical Dystrophies and Retinal Detachment in Pregnant Women: Diagnosis, Treatment, Choice of Method of Childbirth;
• Indices of Intraocular Pressure of a Newborn Child Due to the Morphological Features of the Drainage System of the Eye at Different Periods of Gestation;
• The Use of Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses in the Treatment of Ulcerative Keratitis;
• Prolonged Pharmacotherapy of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy;
• Modern Aspects of Viscosurgery in Ophthalmology;
• Current Possibilities for the Prevention and Treatment of a Blepharo Conjunctival Form of Dry Eye Syndrome of Demodectic Etiology;
• An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Cell Transplantation in Post-Traumatic Pathology of the Retina;
• Vitreoretinal Changes in Case of Eye Injury by Splintering;
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia in Children;
• Ocular Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

10 Resources to Find More Information on Ophthalmology Topics

Here are some scientific journals websites you may look through.

• American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
• Clinical Ophthalmology
• Current Trends in Ophthalmology
• Digital Journal of Ophthalmology
• International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases
• International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
• IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty
• Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice
• Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology
• Neuro-Ophthalmology & Visual Neuroscience

5 References to Write an Ophthalmology Thesis

• Bron, A. J., Tomlinson, A., Foulks, G. N., Pepose, J. S., Baudouin, C., Geerling, G., … & Lemp, M. A. (2014). Rethinking dry eye disease: a perspective on clinical implications. The ocular surface, 12(2), S1-S31.
• Dry eye disease: risk factors and selecting treatment. (2015). The Pharmaceutical Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2015.20069420
• Shtein, R. M., Harper, D. E., Pallazola, V., Harte, S. E., Hussain, M., Sugar, A & Clauw, D. J. (2016). Discordant dry eye disease (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 114.
• Sullivan, B. D., Crews, L. A., Messmer, E. M., Foulks, G. N., Nichols, K. K., Baenninger, P., … & Lemp, M. A. (2014). Correlations between commonly used objective signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of dry eye disease: clinical implications. Acta ophthalmologica, 92(2), 161-166.
• Yun, C., Kang, S., Kim, H., & Song, J. (2012). Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease among University Students. Journal Of The Korean Ophthalmological Society, 53(4), 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.4.505

Hopefully, you will find our article useful and be able to write the best ophthalmology dissertation ever! Despite choosing a topic, the thesis writing process takes a lot of time to take the other steps – brainstorming, research, note-taking, outlining, structuring, drafting, writing itself, formatting, proofreading, etc. If you want to save you time or nerves, you know what to do. Right? DoMyPapers.com is 24/7 open to you.

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