v model presentation

What Is the V-Model in Software Development?

The V-model is named after its shape, which resembles the letter “V.” In the V-model, we divide the software development life cycle into phases and each phase is associated with a corresponding testing phase. The left-hand side of the V represents the verification phase while the right-hand side represents the validation phase.

When to Use a V-Model

You’ll want to use a V-model in situations wherein the requirements and understanding of the software’s functionality are well-defined from the beginning. In cases where the project scope is clear, and the development team has a solid understanding of the requirements, the V-model can be an effective tool for delivering high-quality software.

The V-model is useful when working with larger teams where communication and coordination between developers and testers becomes challenging. By clearly defining the testing requirements for each stage of the development process, the V-model can ensure that all team members are working toward a shared understanding of the project’s goals and objectives.

More on Software Development What Is the Waterfall Methodology?

V-Model Verification Phases 

The verification phase refers to the practice of evaluating the product development process to ensure the team meets the specified requirements.

The verification phase includes several steps: business requirement analysis, system analysis, software architecture design, module design and coding.

In the business requirement analysis step, the team comes to understand the product requirements as laid out by the customer. 

In the system analysis step, the system engineers analyze and interpret the business requirements of the proposed system by studying the user requirements document.

In the software architecture design stage, the team selects the software architecture based on the list of modules, the brief functionality of each module, the interface relationships, dependencies, database tables, architecture diagrams, technology detail and more. The integration testing model is developed in this phase.

In the module design stage, the development team breaks down the system into small modules and specifies the detailed design of each module, which we call low-level design. 

Finally, we begin coding . The development team selects a suitable programming language based on the design and product requirements. There are, of course, guidelines and standards for coding and the code will go through many reviews to check its performance.

V-Model Validation Phases 

The validation phase involves dynamic analysis methods and testing to ensure the software product meets the customer’s requirements and expectations. This phase includes several stages including unit testing , integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.

During the unit testing stage, the team develops and executes unit test plans to identify errors at the code or unit level. This testing happens on the smallest entities, such as program modules, to ensure they function correctly when isolated from the rest of the code.

The integration testing stage involves executing integration test plans developed during the architectural design step in order to verify that groups created and tested independently can coexist and communicate with each other.

The system testing stage involves executing system test plans developed during the system design step, which are composed by the client’s business team. System testing ensures the team meets the application developer’s expectations.

The acceptance testing step is related to the business requirement analysis part of the V-model and involves testing the software product in the user environment to identify compatibility issues with the different systems available within the user environment. Acceptance testing also identifies non-functional issues like load and performance defects in the real user environment.

Principles of V-Model 

The V-model emphasizes the importance of testing and quality assurance throughout the entire development process. Here are some of the V-model’s key principles.

Integrate Testing Throughout Development 

Testing is not just an activity that happens at the end of the development process. Instead, testing is integrated into every stage of the development lifecycle, from requirements gathering to deployment.

Plan Testing in Parallel With Development 

Each stage of the development process has a corresponding testing phase. Testing activities are planned in parallel with development activities so that the necessary resources are available to support testing.

Prevent Defects

The V-model emphasizes the importance of preventing defects rather than simply identifying and fixing them after they’ve been discovered. 

Develop Clear and Concise Requirements

The V-model places great emphasis on clear and concise requirements. Without a clear understanding of what the software is supposed to do, it’s impossible to develop effective tests or to build high-quality software.

Combine Development and Testing

In the V-model, development and testing are not separate activities. Instead, they are closely integrated and collaboration between developers and testers is critical for ensuring that the software meets the required quality standards.

Advantages to Using the V-Model 

• Improves Quality : From the beginning, the V-model ensures that quality is built into the development process, which results in fewer bugs in code and higher-quality software.
• Reduces Risks : The V-model provides a clear roadmap for the entire development process , which allows for better risk management and mitigation.
• Increases Efficiency : The V-model encourages collaboration between different teams and stakeholders , which results in more efficient development and testing.
• Improves Communication : The V-model emphasizes communication between stakeholders, to ensure everyone has a clear understanding of the requirements and objectives.
• Enhances Testing : The V-model places a strong emphasis on thorough and effective testing throughout the entire development process.
• Improves Documentation : The V-model requires comprehensive documentation at every stage of the development process, which leads to better record-keeping and easier code maintenance.

Disadvantages to Using the V-Model 

• Rigid : The V-model can be inflexible and provide very little room for changes or deviations from the plan. This rigidity can make it difficult to adapt to changing project requirements or new information.
• Time-Consuming : The V-model can be time-consuming due to its focus on thorough planning and documentation at every stage. These factors can slow down the development process and lead to longer project timelines.
• Resource Intensive : The V-model requires a significant amount of resources including time, budget and personnel, thereby making it a difficult model for small teams or organizations with limited resources to implement.
• Limited Agility : The V-model may not be well suited for Agile development approaches, which rely on flexibility, iterative development and continuous feedback.
• Overemphasis on Testing : While thorough testing is a critical component of software development, the V-Model may place too much emphasis on testing, which can lead to production delays and increased costs.

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SDLC V-Model – Software Engineering

The V-model is a type of SDLC model where the process executes sequentially in a V-shape. It is also known as the Verification and Validation model. It is based on the association of a testing phase for each corresponding development stage. The development of each step is directly associated with the testing phase. The next phase starts only after completion of the previous phase i.e., for each development activity, there is a testing activity corresponding to it. 

Table of Content

V-Model Design

Importance of v-model, principles of v-model.

• When to Use of V-Model?
• Advantages of V-Model

Disadvantages of V-Model

The V-Model is a software development life cycle (SDLC) model that provides a systematic and visual representation of the software development process. It is based on the idea of a “V” shape, with the two legs of the “V” representing the progression of the software development process from requirements gathering and analysis to design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Requirements Gathering and Analysis : The first phase of the V-Model is the requirements gathering and analysis phase, where the customer’s requirements for the software are gathered and analyzed to determine the scope of the project.
• Design: In the design phase, the software architecture and design are developed, including the high-level design and detailed design.
• Implementation: In the implementation phase, the software is built based on the design.
• Testing: In the testing phase, the software is tested to ensure that it meets the customer’s requirements and is of high quality.
• Deployment: In the deployment phase, the software is deployed and put into use.
• Maintenance: In the maintenance phase, the software is maintained to ensure that it continues to meet the customer’s needs and expectations.
• The V-Model is often used in safety: critical systems, such as aerospace and defence systems, because of its emphasis on thorough testing and its ability to clearly define the steps involved in the software development process.

SDLC V-Model

The following illustration depicts the different phases in a V-Model of the SDLC.

Verification Phases :

It involves a static analysis technique (review) done without executing code. It is the process of evaluation of the product development phase to find whether specified requirements are met.

There are several Verification phases in the V-Model:

Business Requirement Analysis:

This is the first step of the designation of the development cycle where product requirement needs to be cured from the customer’s perspective. in these phases include proper communication with the customer to understand the requirements of the customers. these are the very important activities that need to be handled properly, as most of the time customers do not know exactly what they want, and they are not sure about it at that time then we use an acceptance test design planning which is done at the time of business requirement it will be used as an input for acceptance testing.

System Design:

Design of the system will start when the overall we are clear with the product requirements, and then need to design the system completely. This understanding will be at the beginning of complete under the product development process. these will be beneficial for the future execution of test cases.

Architectural Design:

In this stage, architectural specifications are comprehended and designed. Usually, several technical approaches are put out, and the ultimate choice is made after considering both the technical and financial viability. The system architecture is further divided into modules that each handle a distinct function. Another name for this is High-Level Design (HLD).

At this point, the exchange of data and communication between the internal modules and external systems are well understood and defined. During this phase, integration tests can be created and documented using the information provided.

Module Design:

This phase, known as Low-Level Design (LLD), specifies the comprehensive internal design for every system module. Compatibility between the design and other external systems as well as other modules in the system architecture is crucial. Unit tests are a crucial component of any development process since they assist in identifying and eradicating the majority of mistakes and flaws at an early stage. Based on the internal module designs, these unit tests may now be created.

Coding Phase:

The Coding step involves writing the code for the system modules that were created during the Design phase. The system and architectural requirements are used to determine which programming language is most appropriate.

The coding standards and principles are followed when performing the coding. Before the final build is checked into the repository, the code undergoes many code reviews and is optimized for optimal performance.

Validation Phases :

It involves dynamic analysis techniques (functional, and non-functional), and testing done by executing code. Validation is the process of evaluating the software after the completion of the development phase to determine whether the software meets the customer’s expectations and requirements. 

So, V-Model contains Verification phases on one side of the Validation phases on the other side. The verification and Validation phases are joined by the coding phase in a V-shape. Thus, it is called V-Model.  There are several Validation phases in the V-Model:

Unit Testing:

Unit Test Plans are developed during the module design phase. These Unit Test Plans are executed to eliminate bugs in code or unit level.

Integration testing:

After completion of unit testing Integration testing is performed. In integration testing, the modules are integrated and the system is tested. Integration testing is performed in the Architecture design phase. This test verifies the communication of modules among themselves.

System Testing:

System testing tests the complete application with its functionality, inter-dependency, and communication. It tests the functional and non-functional requirements of the developed application.

User Acceptance Testing (UAT):

UAT is performed in a user environment that resembles the production environment. UAT verifies that the delivered system meets the user’s requirement and the system is ready for use in the real world.

Design Phase:  

• Requirement Analysis: This phase contains detailed communication with the customer to understand their requirements and expectations. This stage is known as Requirement Gathering.
• System Design: This phase contains the system design and the complete hardware and communication setup for developing the product.
• Architectural Design: System design is broken down further into modules taking up different functionalities. The data transfer and communication between the internal modules and with the outside world (other systems) is clearly understood.
• Module Design: In this phase, the system breaks down into small modules. The detailed design of modules is specified, also known as Low-Level Design (LLD).

Testing Phases:  

• Unit Testing: Unit Test Plans are developed during the module design phase. These Unit Test Plans are executed to eliminate bugs at the code or unit level.
• Integration testing: After completion of unit testing Integration testing is performed. In integration testing, the modules are integrated, and the system is tested. Integration testing is performed in the Architecture design phase. This test verifies the communication of modules among themselves.
• System Testing: System testing tests the complete application with its functionality, interdependency, and communication. It tests the functional and non-functional requirements of the developed application.
• User Acceptance Testing (UAT): UAT is performed in a user environment that resembles the production environment. UAT verifies that the delivered system meets the user’s requirement and the system is ready for use in the real world.

Industrial Challenge:

As the industry has evolved, the technologies have become more complex, increasingly faster, and forever changing, however, there remains a set of basic principles and concepts that are as applicable today as when IT was in its infancy. 

• Accurately define and refine user requirements.
• Design and build an application according to the authorized user requirements.
• Validate that the application they had built adhered to the authorized business requirements.

1. Early Defect Identification

By incorporating verification and validation tasks into every stage of the development process, the V-Model encourages early testing. This lowers the cost and effort needed to remedy problems later in the development lifecycle by assisting in the early detection and resolution of faults.

2. determining the Phases of Development and Testing

The V-Model contains a testing phase that corresponds to each stage of the development process. By ensuring that testing and development processes are clearly mapped out, this clear mapping promotes a methodical and orderly approach to software engineering.

3. Prevents “Big Bang” Testing

Testing is frequently done at the very end of the development lifecycle in traditional development models, which results in a “Big Bang” approach where all testing operations are focused at once. By integrating testing activities into the development process and encouraging a more progressive and regulated testing approach, the V-Model prevents this.

4. Improves Cooperation

At every level, the V-Model promotes cooperation between the testing and development teams. Through this collaboration, project requirements, design choices, and testing methodologies are better understood, which improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the development process.

5. Improved Quality Assurance

Overall quality assurance is enhanced by the V-Model, which incorporates testing operations at every level. Before the program reaches the final deployment stage, it makes sure that it satisfies the requirements and goes through a strict validation and verification process.

• Large to Small: In V-Model, testing is done in a hierarchical perspective, for example, requirements identified by the project team, creating High-Level Design, and Detailed Design phases of the project. As each of these phases is completed the requirements, they are defining become more and more refined and detailed.
• Data/Process Integrity: This principle states that the successful design of any project requires the incorporation and cohesion of both data and processes. Process elements must be identified at every requirement.
• Scalability: This principle states that the V-Model concept has the flexibility to accommodate any IT project irrespective of its size, complexity, or duration.
• Cross Referencing: A direct correlation between requirements and corresponding testing activity is known as cross-referencing.

Tangible Documentation:

This principle states that every project needs to create a document. This documentation is required and applied by both the project development team and the support team. Documentation is used to maintain the application once it is available in a production environment.

Why preferred?  

• It is easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model. Each phase of V-Model has specific deliverables and a review process.
• Proactive defect tracking – that is defects are found at an early stage.

When to Use of V-Model ?

• Traceability of Requirements: The V-Model proves beneficial in situations when it’s imperative to create precise traceability between the requirements and their related test cases.
• Complex Projects: The V-Model offers a methodical way to manage testing activities and reduce risks related to integration and interface problems for projects with a high level of complexity and interdependencies among system components.
• Waterfall-Like Projects : Since the V-Model offers an approachable structure for organizing, carrying out, and monitoring testing activities at every level of development, it is appropriate for projects that use a sequential approach to development, much like the waterfall model.
• Safety-Critical Systems: These systems are used in the aerospace, automotive, and healthcare industries. They place a strong emphasis on rigid verification and validation procedures, which help to guarantee that essential system requirements are fulfilled and that possible risks are found and eliminated early in the development process.

Advantages  of V-Model

• This is a highly disciplined model and Phases are completed one at a time.
• V-Model is used for small projects where project requirements are clear.
• Simple and easy to understand and use.
• This model focuses on verification and validation activities early in the life cycle thereby enhancing the probability of building an error-free and good quality product.
• It enables project management to track progress accurately.
• Clear and Structured Process: The V-Model provides a clear and structured process for software development , making it easier to understand and follow.
• Emphasis on Testing: The V-Model places a strong emphasis on testing, which helps to ensure the quality and reliability of the software.
• Improved Traceability: The V-Model provides a clear link between the requirements and the final product, making it easier to trace and manage changes to the software.
• Better Communication: The clear structure of the V-Model helps to improve communication between the customer and the development team.
• High risk and uncertainty.
• It is not good for complex and object-oriented projects.
• It is not suitable for projects where requirements are not clear and contain a high risk of changing.
• This model does not support iteration of phases.
• It does not easily handle concurrent events.
• Inflexibility: The V-Model is a linear and sequential model, which can make it difficult to adapt to changing requirements or unexpected events.
• Time-Consuming: The V-Model can be time-consuming, as it requires a lot of documentation and testing.
• Overreliance on Documentation: The V-Model places a strong emphasis on documentation, which can lead to an overreliance on documentation at the expense of actual development work.

A scientific and organized approach to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is provided by the Software Engineering V-Model. The team’s expertise with the selected methodology, the unique features of the project, and the nature of the requirements should all be taken into consideration when selecting any SDLC models, including the V-Model.

Reference Book:

“Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach” by Roger S. Pressman, published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.

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An editable v-model process diagram design for presenters.

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V-Model PowerPoint Template

The V-Model is used in software development to represent the development process as an extension of the traditional waterfall model. Instead of moving down in a linear way, the V-model propose an alternate way followed by process steps that are upwards after the coding phase is completed, forming a V shape design.

This V-Model PowerPoint template can be used by software development professionals, project managers, developers and IT architects to prepare presentations on software development. The template demonstrates the relationships between each phase of the development lifecycle and associate them with the respective phase after the coding has been finished. The axes from left to right represents the project completeness and level of abstraction.

All the shapes and text elements in this template are 100% editable so the end user can customize the V-model slides to match his own presentation requirements.

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Systems Engineering V Model Diagram Template For PowerPoint

Systems Engineering V Model diagrams can be helpful in presenting project workflow. The template we are going to explore in this post is an animated PowerPoint template which can be used for making systems engineering diagrams using the V Model approach.

Create Animated Systems Engineering V Model Diagrams

The template starts with a slide depicting a V Model diagram, with placeholders to add a topic and sub-topic. You can introduce your complete model in this slide and then proceed to elaborate upon the various parts of the diagram in the slides that follow.

The sample slides are divided in different sections, each explaining part of the V Model diagram. The diagram is made out for you and you can add text to customize it to display relevant information related to your specific topic.

The various slides depict parts of the diagram labeled as 1, 2, 3 and so on. As a complete diagram with too many textboxes can be overwhelming for an audience and even the presenter, using this method can help better elaborate each section of the diagram in detail, with slides dedicated to different parts of the workflow.

In the end, you can touch upon the conclusion, summary or any closing remarks, to conclude your presentation. This sample slide, labeled as ‘Final Point’ is meant to help end the presentation. You can also incorporate the complete V Model diagram in your concluding slides, such as by using the V Models given in slides 2-4. The objects in this animated template are editable and can be moved using drag and drop.

Once you’re done with the presentation, make sure you preview your slides as a Slide Show to see how your added text, images and diagrams resonate with the animations and if you’re satisfied with the final output. This V Model diagram template is available for not only PowerPoint but also Keynote. For more compatibility details, see the links given below.

Go to Presenter Media – Systems Engineering V Model Diagram Template For PowerPoint  (Standard Edition)

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V-Model Development: Fundamentals

The “v-model” concept means verification and validation model. this is a consequence of performing the processes in a certain order. (by qatestlab) – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• What Are the Development Phases on the V-Model Basis?
• Requirements (business requirements, different types of specification).
• Designing of the architecture (HLD - High Level Design).
• Realization phase.
• Code writing.

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Jan 19, 2012

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V-Model. Lifecycle Process Model. Olman Hernández [email protected] DePaul University SE-470 Spring 03. Objectives. Brief Description of the V-model Understand the basics of the model History Principles Components Usage Guidelines Marketplace Analysis References. History.

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V-Model Lifecycle Process Model Olman Hernández [email protected] DePaul University SE-470 Spring 03

Objectives • Brief Description of the V-model • Understand the basics of the model • History • Principles • Components • Usage Guidelines • Marketplace Analysis • References

History • 1986 - IABG for the Federal Ministry of Defense • 1991 – Obligatory standard • 1992 – Federal Ministry of the Interior • 1997 - Comprehensive revision • 2004 - Major Update Expected

Principles • Independence of methods and tools • Independence of Organizations • Separation into “submodels” • Orientation to activities and products • Adaptability of the model

Standardization • The value of a standard • Reduction of cost in the entire lifecycle • Improvement of software quality • Better communication between customer and contractor • Regulations on 3 levels • Procedure (what) • Allocation of methods (how) • Functional tool requirements (what)

Structure • All levels the regulations are structured according to activity areas • Systems development • Quality assurance • Configuration management • Project management • Development standard developed for each area.

Configuration Management Quality Assurance System Development Project Management Procedure Methods Tool Requirements Levels of Standardization

Configuration Management Quality Assurance System Development Project Management Procedure Methods Tool Requirements General Directives

Procedure • General directive 250 • What has to be done: • Activities to be carried out • Results that have to be produced • Content of the results • Roles • Lifecycle process model

Structure • Binding Regulations • Activities • Products • Supplements with regard to Authorities • German Federal Armed Forces • Civilian Federal Administration • Collection of Manuals • Special topics • Object Oriented Languages • Incremental Development • Use of Off-the-Shelf Products

Tailoring • No important document is “forgotten” • Tailoring relevant for tendering • Selection of the necessary activities and products • Deletion conditions • The resulting subset of the Lifecycle is put together in the Project Manual • Technical Tailoring • Adapting to conditions during the course of the project

Tailoring Steps

Cooperation of Sub-models

Software Development • SD1-System Req. analysis • Description of the Req. of the system and its environment, Risk Analysis , and User Req. • SD2–System design • Segmentation of the system into SW/HW • SD3-SW/HW requirement analysis • Detail Technical Requirements • SD4-Preliminary SW design • Structuring of the interfaces and interaction of SW components

Software Development • SD5-Detailed SW design • Description of functionality, Data administration and error handling of SWC • SD6-SW implementation • Coding in chosen programming language • SD7-SW integration • Integration of modules • SD8-System integration • Integration of SW and HW components • SD9-Transition to utilization • Activities for Deployment into Production

Software Development

Quality Assurance • QA1-Initialization • Generated the QA and Assessment Plan • QA2-Assessment Preparation • Generation of unambiguous Assessment specification and procedures & Req. of Assessment Environment • QA3-Process Assessment of Activities • Specified procedures were adhered to during the realization of an activity • QA4-Product Assessment • Assessment with respect to the formal criteria & the contents of the product. Assessment Report generated. • QA5-Reporting • Assessment Reports are assessed in regular intervals and the results submitted to PM.

Configuration Management • CM1-CM Initialization • Generation of the CM plan and setting of the CM resources • CM2-Product and CM • Administration of products, configurations and rights • CM3-Change Management • Controlled artifacts are recorded and administered • CM4-CM Services • General services (e.g Product Catalog)

Project Management • PM1-Project Initialization • PM2-Placement/Procurement • PM3-Contractor Management • PM4-Detailed Planning • PM5-Cost/Benefit Analysis • PM6-Phase Review • PM7-Risk Management

Project Management • PM8-Project Control • PM9-Information Service/Reporting • PM10-Training/Instruction • PM11-Supplying Resources • PM12-Allocation of Work Orders • PM13-Staff Training • PM14-Project Completion • Final Project Report

General View

Methods Allocation • General directive 251 • How is something to be done: • Methods used to perform activities • Means of presentation in the results • Basic: specific/delimited aspect of the system • E/R modeling,state transition modeling, functional decomposition • Complex:comprise of various methodical components and integrate them into a total method • Graphical Enginnering system, integrated software technology

Methods Allocation • Categories of methods: basic methods that offer different solution approaches for a certain class of tasks. Only one required • Estimation models: Function Point Method, Constructive Cost Model • Formal Specification: Temporal logic, Mathematical Specification, Algorithmic • Methods allocation • Allocation tables • Methods interfaces

Allocation Table • Briefly describe how the methods are to be used in the individual activities

Methods Interfaces • Describe what information is exchanged between the individual methods and what to take into account when exchanging information.

Tool Requirements • General Directive 252 • What is to be used to do something: • Functional characteristics must the tools have • Introduces the Software Development Environment • Use for: • Selection of tools • Evaluation • Further Development of tools

Tool Requirements • SDE reference model • User Interface • Work flow management • Security and integrity requirements • Software development • Quality assurance • Configuration Management • Project Management • Object Management

Benefits • Is complete, All functional areas • Is mature • Complies w/ Best Practices • Open source • Supports when tendering • Adaptable to circumstances • Adapt to Phase Models. • Living Methodology and Products

Drawbacks • Does not include the maintenance phase. It is considered a Scenario. • Is project specific, does not extend to the organization level.(Rev.2004) • Delivery Vehicle. PDF format • Lack of depth on some activities • No Templates

Usage Guidelines • When/How to Use • Basis for contracts • Guideline • Communication Basis • When not to Use • Inexperience Development Team • Implementation • Very easy to understand • Wide application spectrum • Tailoring, Organization and tool Independent • Support, mostly German

Marketplace Analysis • Key players • Change Control Board • Industrial and Public authority users • Obliged to deal with all submitted change request • IABG, Federal Ministry of the interior • Products • In-Step by Microtool • Market Data • EUROMETHOD, EU Project • Basis of Austria’s IT-BVM and Switzerland’s HERMES • DaimlerChrysler Aerospace,Defense and Civil Syst. Div. • Siemens corporate Technology division • Binding obligatory regulation in Germany (Civilian & Defense)

V-Model and CMM

References • IABG, English Version • http://www.v-modell.iabg.de/vm97.htm#ENGL • University of Bremen in Germany • http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/gdpa/

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