market research synthesis report

How To Present Your Market Research Results And Reports In An Efficient Way

Table of Contents

1) What Is A Market Research Report?

2) Market Research Reports Examples

3) Why Do You Need Market Research Reports

4) How To Make A Market Research Report?

5) Types Of Market Research Reports

6) Challenges & Mistakes Market Research Reports

Market research analyses are the go-to solution for many professionals, and for good reason: they save time, offer fresh insights, and provide clarity on your business. In turn, market research reports will help you to refine and polish your strategy. Plus, a well-crafted report will give your work more credibility while adding weight to any marketing recommendations you offer a client or executive.

But, while this is the case, today’s business world still lacks a way to present market-based research results efficiently. The static, antiquated nature of PowerPoint makes it a bad choice for presenting research discoveries, yet it is still widely used to present results. 

Fortunately, things are moving in the right direction. There are online data visualization tools that make it easy and fast to build powerful market research dashboards. They come in handy to manage the outcomes, but also the most important aspect of any analysis: the presentation of said outcomes, without which it becomes hard to make accurate, sound decisions. 

Here, we consider the benefits of conducting research analyses while looking at how to write and present market research reports, exploring their value, and, ultimately, getting the very most from your research results by using professional market research software .

Let’s get started.

What Is a Market Research Report?

A market research report is an online reporting tool used to analyze the public perception or viability of a company, product, or service. These reports contain valuable and digestible information like customer survey responses and social, economic, and geographical insights.

On a typical market research results example, you can interact with valuable trends and gain insight into consumer behavior and visualizations that will empower you to conduct effective competitor analysis. Rather than adding streams of tenuous data to a static spreadsheet, a full market research report template brings the outcomes of market-driven research to life, giving users a data analysis tool to create actionable strategies from a range of consumer-driven insights.

With digital market analysis reports, you can make your business more intelligent more efficient, and, ultimately, meet the needs of your target audience head-on. This, in turn, will accelerate your commercial success significantly.

Your Chance: Want to test a market research reporting software? Explore our 14-day free trial & benefit from interactive research reports!

How To Present Your Results: 4 Essential Market Research Report Templates

When it comes to sharing rafts of invaluable information, research dashboards are invaluable.

Any market analysis report example worth its salt will allow everyone to get a firm grip on their results and discoveries on a single page with ease. These dynamic online dashboards also boast interactive features that empower the user to drill down deep into specific pockets of information while changing demographic parameters, including gender, age, and region, filtering the results swiftly to focus on the most relevant insights for the task at hand.

These four market research report examples are different but equally essential and cover key elements required for market survey report success. You can also modify each and use it as a client dashboard .

While there are numerous types of dashboards that you can choose from to adjust and optimize your results, we have selected the top 3 that will tell you more about the story behind them. Let’s take a closer look.

1. Market Research Report: Brand Analysis

Our first example shares the results of a brand study. To do so, a survey has been performed on a sample of 1333 people, information that we can see in detail on the left side of the board, summarizing the gender, age groups, and geolocation.

**click to enlarge**

At the dashboard's center, we can see the market-driven research discoveries concerning first brand awareness with and without help, as well as themes and celebrity suggestions, to know which image the audience associates with the brand.

Such dashboards are extremely convenient to share the most important information in a snapshot. Besides being interactive (but it cannot be seen on an image), it is even easier to filter the results according to certain criteria without producing dozens of PowerPoint slides. For instance, I could easily filter the report by choosing only the female answers, only the people aged between 25 and 34, or only the 25-34 males if that is my target audience.

Primary KPIs:

a) Unaided Brand Awareness

The first market research KPI in this most powerful report example comes in the form of unaided brand awareness. Presented in a logical line-style chart, this particular market study report sample KPI is invaluable, as it will give you a clear-cut insight into how people affiliate your brand within their niche.

As you can see from our example, based on a specific survey question, you can see how your brand stacks up against your competitors regarding awareness. Based on these outcomes, you can formulate strategies to help you stand out more in your sector and, ultimately, expand your audience.

b) Aided Brand Awareness

This market survey report sample KPI focuses on aided brand awareness. A visualization that offers a great deal of insight into which brands come to mind in certain niches or categories, here, you will find out which campaigns and messaging your target consumers are paying attention to and engaging with.

By gaining access to this level of insight, you can conduct effective competitor research and gain valuable inspiration for your products, promotional campaigns, and marketing messages.

c) Brand image

When it comes to research reporting, understanding how others perceive your brand is one of the most golden pieces of information you could acquire. If you know how people feel about your brand image, you can take informed and very specific actions that will enhance the way people view and interact with your business.

By asking a focused question, this visual of KPIs will give you a definitive idea of whether respondents agree, disagree, or are undecided on particular descriptions or perceptions related to your brand image. If you’re looking to present yourself and your message in a certain way (reliable, charming, spirited, etc.), you can see how you stack up against the competition and find out if you need to tweak your imagery or tone of voice - invaluable information for any modern business.

d) Celebrity analysis

This indicator is a powerful part of our research KPI dashboard on top, as it will give you a direct insight into the celebrities, influencers, or public figures that your most valued consumers consider when thinking about (or interacting with) your brand.

Displayed in a digestible bar chart-style format, this useful metric will not only give you a solid idea of how your brand messaging is perceived by consumers (depending on the type of celebrity they associate with your brand) but also guide you on which celebrities or influencers you should contact.

By working with the right influencers in your niche, you will boost the impact and reach of your marketing campaigns significantly, improving your commercial awareness in the process. And this is the KPI that will make it happen.

2. Market Research Results On Customer Satisfaction

Here, we have some of the most important data a company should care about: their already-existing customers and their perception of their relationship with the brand. It is crucial when we know that it is five times more expensive to acquire a new consumer than to retain one.

This is why tracking metrics like the customer effort score or the net promoter score (how likely consumers are to recommend your products and services) is essential, especially over time. You need to improve these scores to have happy customers who will always have a much bigger impact on their friends and relatives than any of your amazing ad campaigns. Looking at other satisfaction indicators like the quality, pricing, and design, or the service they received is also a best practice: you want a global view of your performance regarding customer satisfaction metrics .

Such research results reports are a great tool for managers who do not have much time and hence need to use them effectively. Thanks to these dashboards, they can control data for long-running projects anytime.

Primary KPIs :

a) Net Promoter Score (NPS)

Another pivotal part of any informative research presentation is your NPS score, which will tell you how likely a customer is to recommend your brand to their peers.

Centered on overall customer satisfaction, your NPS Score can cover the functions and output of many departments, including marketing, sales, and customer service, but also serve as a building block for a call center dashboard . When you’re considering how to present your research effectively, this balanced KPI offers a masterclass. It’s logical, it has a cohesive color scheme, and it offers access to vital information at a swift glance. With an NPS Score, customers are split into three categories: promoters (those scoring your service 9 or 10), passives (those scoring your service 7 or 8), and detractors (those scoring your service 0 to 6). The aim of the game is to gain more promoters. By gaining an accurate snapshot of your NPS Score, you can create intelligent strategies that will boost your results over time.

b) Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT)

The next in our examples of market research reports KPIs comes in the form of the CSAT. The vast majority of consumers that have a bad experience will not return. Honing in on your CSAT is essential if you want to keep your audience happy and encourage long-term consumer loyalty.

This magnificent, full report KPI will show how satisfied customers are with specific elements of your products or services. Getting to grips with these scores will allow you to pinpoint very specific issues while capitalizing on your existing strengths. As a result, you can take measures to improve your CSAT score while sharing positive testimonials on your social media platforms and website to build trust.

c) Customer Effort Score (CES)

When it comes to presenting research findings, keeping track of your CES Score is essential. The CES Score KPI will give you instant access to information on how easy or difficult your audience can interact with or discover your company based on a simple scale of one to ten.

By getting a clear-cut gauge of how your customers find engagement with your brand, you can iron out any weaknesses in your user experience (UX) offerings while spotting any friction, bottlenecks, or misleading messaging. In doing so, you can boost your CES score, satisfy your audience, and boost your bottom line.

3. Market Research Results On Product Innovation

This final market-driven research example report focuses on the product itself and its innovation. It is a useful report for future product development and market potential, as well as pricing decisions.

Using the same sample of surveyed people as for the first market-focused analytical report , they answer questions about their potential usage and purchase of the said product. It is good primary feedback on how the market would receive the new product you would launch. Then comes the willingness to pay, which helps set a price range that will not be too cheap to be trusted nor too expensive for what it is. That will be the main information for your pricing strategy.

a) Usage Intention

The first of our product innovation KPI-based examples comes in the form of usage intention. When you’re considering how to write a market research report, including metrics centered on consumer intent is critical.

This simple yet effective visualization will allow you to understand not only how users see your product but also whether they prefer previous models or competitor versions . While you shouldn’t base all of your product-based research on this KPI, it is very valuable, and you should use it to your advantage frequently.

b) Purchase Intention

Another aspect to consider when looking at how to present market research data is your audience’s willingness or motivation to purchase your product. Offering percentage-based information, this effective KPI provides a wealth of at-a-glance information to help you make accurate forecasts centered on your product and service offerings.

Analyzing this information regularly will give you the confidence and direction to develop strategies that will steer you to a more prosperous future, meeting the ever-changing needs of your audience on an ongoing basis.

c) Willingness To Pay (WPS)

Our final market research example KPI is based on how willing customers are to pay for a particular service or product based on a specific set of parameters. This dynamic visualization, represented in an easy-to-follow pie chart, will allow you to realign the value of your product (USPs, functions, etc.) while setting price points that are most likely to result in conversions. This is a market research presentation template that every modern organization should use to its advantage.

4. Market Research Report On Customer Demographics 

This particular example of market research report, generated with a modern dashboard creator , is a powerful tool, as it displays a cohesive mix of key demographic information in one intuitive space.

By breaking down these deep pockets of consumer-centric information, you can gain the power to develop more impactful customer communications while personalizing every aspect of your target audience’s journey across every channel or touchpoint. As a result, you can transform theoretical insights into actionable strategies that will result in significant commercial growth. 

Every section of this responsive marketing research report works in unison to build a profile of your core audience in a way that will guide your company’s consumer-facing strategies with confidence. With in-depth visuals based on gender, education level, and tech adoption, you have everything you need to speak directly to your audience at your fingertips.

Let’s look at the key performance indicators (KPIs) of this invaluable market research report example in more detail.

a) Customer By Gender

This KPI is highly visual and offers a clear-cut representation of your company’s gender share over time. By gaining access to this vital information, you can deliver a more personalized experience to specific audience segments while ensuring your messaging is fair, engaging, and inclusive.

b) Customers by education level

The next market analysis report template is a KPI that provides a logical breakdown of your customers’ level of education. By using this as a demographic marker, you can refine your products to suit the needs of your audience while crafting your content in a way that truly resonates with different customer groups.

c) Customers by technology adoption

Particularly valuable if you’re a company that sells tech goods or services, this linear KPI will show you where your customers are in terms of technological know-how or usage. By getting to grips with this information over time, you can develop your products or services in a way that offers direct value to your consumers while making your launches or promotions as successful as possible.

d) Customer age groups

By understanding your customers’ age distribution in detail, you can gain a deep understanding of their preferences. And that’s exactly what this market research report sample KPI does. Presented in a bar chart format, this KPI will give you a full breakdown of your customers’ age ranges, allowing you to build detailed buyer personas and segment your audience effectively.

Why Do You Need Market Research Reports?

As the adage goes, “Look before you leap“ – which is exactly what a research report is here for. As the headlights of a car, they will show you the pitfalls and fast lanes on your road to success: likes and dislikes of a specific market segment in a certain geographical area, their expectations, and readiness. Among other things, a research report will let you:

• Get a holistic view of the market : learn more about the target market and understand the various factors involved in the buying decisions. A broader view of the market lets you benchmark other companies you do not focus on. This, in turn, will empower you to gather the industry data that counts most. This brings us to our next point.
• Curate industry information with momentum: Whether you’re looking to rebrand, improve on an existing service, or launch a new product, time is of the essence. By working with the best market research reports created with modern BI reporting tools , you can visualize your discoveries and data, formatting them in a way that not only unearths hidden insights but also tells a story - a narrative that will gain a deeper level of understanding into your niche or industry. The features and functionality of a market analysis report will help you grasp the information that is most valuable to your organization, pushing you ahead of the pack in the process.
• Validate internal research: Doing the internal analysis is one thing, but double-checking with a third party also greatly helps avoid getting blinded by your own data.
• Use actionable data and make informed decisions: Once you understand consumer behavior as well as the market, your competitors, and the issues that will affect the industry in the future, you are better armed to position your brand. Combining all of it with the quantitative data collected will allow you to more successful product development. To learn more about different methods, we suggest you read our guide on data analysis techniques .
• Strategic planning: When you want to map out big-picture organizational goals, launch a new product development, plan a geographic market expansion, or even a merger and acquisition – all of this strategic thinking needs solid foundations to fulfill the variety of challenges that come along.
• Consistency across the board: Collecting, presenting, and analyzing your results in a way that’s smarter, more interactive, and more cohesive will ensure your customer communications, marketing campaigns, user journey, and offerings meet your audience’s needs consistently across the board. The result? Faster growth, increased customer loyalty, and more profit.
• Better communication: The right market research analysis template (or templates) will empower everyone in the company with access to valuable information - the kind that is relevant and comprehensible. When everyone is moving to the beat of the same drum, they will collaborate more effectively and, ultimately, push the venture forward thanks to powerful online data analysis techniques.
• Centralization: Building on the last point, using a powerful market research report template in the form of a business intelligence dashboard will make presenting your findings to external stakeholders and clients far more effective, as you can showcase a wealth of metrics, information, insights, and invaluable feedback from one centralized, highly visual interactive screen. 
• Brand reputation: In the digital age, brand reputation is everything. By making vital improvements in all of the key areas above, you will meet your customers’ needs head-on with consistency while finding innovative ways to stand out from your competitors. These are the key ingredients of long-term success.

How To Present Market Research Analysis Results?

Here we look at how you should present your research reports, considering the steps it takes to connect with the outcomes you need to succeed:

• Collect your data 

As with any reporting process, you first and foremost need to collect the data you’ll use to conduct your studies. Businesses conduct research studies to analyze their brand awareness, identity, and influence in the market. For product development and pricing decisions, among many others. That said, there are many ways to collect information for a market research report. Among some of the most popular ones, we find: 

• Surveys: Probably the most common way to collect research data, surveys can come in the form of open or closed questions that can be answered anonymously. They are the cheapest and fastest way to collect insights about your customers and business. 
• Interviews : These are face-to-face discussions that allow the researcher to analyze responses as well as the body language of the interviewees. This method is often used to define buyer personas by analyzing the subject's budget, job title, lifestyle, wants, and needs, among other things. 
• Focus groups : This method involves a group of people discussing a topic with a mediator. It is often used to evaluate a new product or new feature or to answer a specific question that the researcher might have. 
• Observation-based research : In this type of research, the researcher or business sits back and watches customers interact with the product without any instructions or help. It allows us to identify pain points as well as strong features. 
• Market segmentation : This study allows you to identify and analyze potential market segments to target. Businesses use it to expand into new markets and audiences. 

These are just a few of the many ways in which you can gather your information. The important point is to keep the research objective as straightforward as possible. Supporting yourself with professional BI solutions to clean, manage, and present your insights is probably the smartest choice.

2. Hone in on your research:

When looking at how to source consumer research in a presentation, you should focus on two areas: primary and secondary research. Primary research comes from your internal data, monitoring existing organizational practices, the effectiveness of sales, and the tools used for communication, for instance. Primary research also assesses market competition by evaluating the company plans of the competitors. Secondary research focuses on existing data collected by a third party, information used to perform benchmarking and market analysis. Such metrics help in deciding which market segments are the ones the company should focus its efforts on or where the brand is standing in the minds of consumers. Before you start the reporting process, you should set your goals, segmenting your research into primary and secondary segments to get to grips with the kind of information you need to work with to achieve effective results.

3. Segment your customers:

To give your market research efforts more context, you should segment your customers into different groups according to the preferences outlined in the survey or feedback results or by examining behavioral or demographic data.

If you segment your customers, you can tailor your market research and analysis reports to display only the information, charts, or graphics that will provide actionable insights into their wants, needs, or industry-based pain points. 

• Identify your stakeholders:

Once you’ve drilled down into your results and segmented your consumer groups, it’s important to consider the key stakeholders within the organization that will benefit from your information the most. 

By looking at both internal and external stakeholders, you will give your results a path to effective presentation, gaining the tools to understand which areas of feedback or data are most valuable, as well as most redundant. As a consequence, you will ensure your results are concise and meet the exact information needs of every stakeholder involved in the process.

• Set your KPIs:

First, remember that your reports should be concise and accurate - straight to the point without omitting any essential information. Work to ensure your insights are clean and organized, with participants grouped into relevant categories (demographics, profession, industry, education, etc.). Once you’ve organized your research, set your goals, and cleaned your data, you should set your KPIs to ensure your report is populated with the right visualizations to get the job done. Explore our full library of interactive KPI examples for inspiration.

• Include competitor’s analysis 

Whether you are doing product innovation research, customer demographics, pricing, or any other, including some level of insights about competitors in your reports is always recommended as it can help your business or client better understand where they stand in the market. That being said, competitor analysis is not as easy as picking a list of companies in the same industry and listing them. Your main competitor can be just a company's division in an entirely different industry. For example, Apple Music competes with Spotify even though Apple is a technology company. Therefore, it is important to carefully analyze competitors from a general but detailed level. 

Providing this kind of information in your reports can also help you find areas that competitors are not exploiting or that are weaker and use them to your advantage to become a market leader. 

• Produce your summary:

To complement your previous efforts, writing an executive summary of one or two pages that will explain the general idea of the report is advisable. Then come the usual body parts:

• An introduction providing background information, target audience, and objectives;
• The qualitative research describes the participants in the research and why they are relevant to the business;
• The survey research outlines the questions asked and answered;
• A summary of the insights and metrics used to draw the conclusions, the research methods chosen, and why;
• A presentation of the findings based on your research and an in-depth explanation of these conclusions.
• Use a mix of visualizations:

When presenting your results and discoveries, you should aim to use a balanced mix of text, graphs, charts, and interactive visualizations.

Using your summary as a guide, you should decide which type of visualization will present each specific piece of market research data most effectively (often, the easier to understand and more accessible, the better).

Doing so will allow you to create a story that will put your research information into a living, breathing context, providing a level of insight you need to transform industry, competitor, or consumer info or feedback into actionable strategies and initiatives.

• Be careful not to mislead 

Expanding on the point above, using a mix of visuals can prove highly valuable in presenting your results in an engaging and understandable way. That being said, when not used correctly, graphs and charts can also become misleading. This is a popular practice in the media, news, and politics, where designers tweak the visuals to manipulate the masses into believing a certain conclusion. This is a very unethical practice that can also happen by mistake when you don’t pick the right chart or are not using it in the correct way. Therefore, it is important to outline the message you are trying to convey and pick the chart type that will best suit those needs. 

Additionally, you should also be careful with the data you choose to display, as it can also become misleading. This can happen if you, for example, cherry-pick data, which means only showing insights that prove a conclusion instead of the bigger picture. Or confusing correlation with causation, which means assuming that because two events happened simultaneously, one caused the other. 

Being aware of these practices is of utmost importance as objectivity is crucial when it comes to dealing with data analytics, especially if you are presenting results to clients. Our guides on misleading statistics and misleading data visualizations can help you learn more about this important topic. 

• Use professional dashboards:

To optimize your market research discoveries, you must work with a dynamic business dashboard . Not only are modern dashboards presentable and customizable, but they will offer you past, predictive, and real-time insights that are accurate, interactive, and yield long-lasting results.

All market research reports companies or businesses gathering industry or consumer-based information will benefit from professional dashboards, as they offer a highly powerful means of presenting your data in a way everyone can understand. And when that happens, everyone wins.

Did you know? The interactive nature of modern dashboards like datapine also offers the ability to quickly filter specific pockets of information with ease, offering swift access to invaluable insights.

• Prioritize interactivity 

The times when reports were static are long gone. Today, to extract the maximum value out of your research data, you need to be able to explore the information and answer any critical questions that arise during the presentation of results. To do so, modern reporting tools provide multiple interactivity features to help you bring your research results to life. 

For instance, a drill-down filter lets you go into lower levels of hierarchical data without generating another graph. For example, imagine you surveyed customers from 10 different countries. In your report, you have a chart displaying the number of customers by country, but you want to analyze a specific country in detail. A drill down filter would enable you to click on a specific country and display data by city on that same chart. Even better, a global filter would allow you to filter the entire report to show only results for that specific country. 

Through the use of interactive filters, such as the one we just mentioned, you’ll not only make the presentation of results more efficient and profound, but you’ll also avoid generating pages-long reports to display static results. All your information will be displayed in a single interactive page that can be filtered and explored upon need.  

• Customize the reports 

This is a tip that is valuable for any kind of research report, especially when it comes to agencies that are reporting to external clients. Customizing the report to match your client’s colors, logo, font, and overall branding will help them grasp the data better, thanks to a familiar environment. This is an invaluable tip as often your audience will not feel comfortable dealing with data and might find it hard to understand or intimidating. Therefore, providing a familiar look that is also interactive and easier to understand will keep them engaged and collaborative throughout the process. 

Plus, customizing the overall appearance of the report will also make your agency look more professional, adding extra value to your service. 

• Know your design essentials 

When you’re presenting your market research reports sample to internal or external stakeholders, having a firm grasp on fundamental design principles will make your metrics and insights far more persuasive and compelling.

By arranging your metrics in a balanced and logical format, you can guide users toward key pockets of information exactly when needed. In turn, this will improve decision-making and navigation, making your reports as impactful as possible.

For essential tips, read our 23 dashboard design principles & best practices to enhance your analytics process.

• Think of security and privacy 

Cyberattacks are increasing at a concerning pace, making security a huge priority for organizations of all sizes today. The costs of having your sensitive information leaked are not only financial but also reputational, as customers might not trust you again if their data ends up in the wrong hands. Given that market research analysis is often performed by agencies that handle data from clients, security and privacy should be a top priority.  

To ensure the required security and privacy, it is necessary to invest in the right tools to present your research results. For instance, tools such as datapine offer enterprise-level security protocols that ensure your information is encrypted and protected at all times. Plus, the tool also offers additional security features, such as being able to share your reports through a password-protected URL or to set viewer rights to ensure only the right people can access and manipulate the data. 

• Keep on improving & evolving

Each time you gather or gain new marketing research reports or market research analysis report intel, you should aim to refine your existing dashboards to reflect the ever-changing landscape around you.

If you update your reports and dashboards according to the new research you conduct and new insights you connect with, you will squeeze maximum value from your metrics, enjoying consistent development in the process.

Types of Market Research Reports: Primary & Secondary Research

With so many market research examples and such little time, knowing how to best present your insights under pressure can prove tricky.

To squeeze every last drop of value from your market research efforts and empower everyone with access to the right information, you should arrange your information into two main groups: primary research and secondary research.

A. Primary research

Primary research is based on acquiring direct or first-hand information related to your industry or sector and the customers linked to it.

Exploratory primary research is an initial form of information collection where your team might set out to identify potential issues, opportunities, and pain points related to your business or industry. This type of research is usually carried out in the form of general surveys or open-ended consumer Q&As, which nowadays are often performed online rather than offline . 

Specific primary research is definitive, with information gathered based on the issues, information, opportunities, or pain points your business has already uncovered. When doing this kind of research, you can drill down into a specific segment of your customers and seek answers to the opportunities, issues, or pain points in question.

When you’re conducting primary research to feed into your market research reporting efforts, it’s important to find reliable information sources. The most effective primary research sources include:

• Consumer-based statistical data
• Social media content
• Polls and Q&A
• Trend-based insights
• Competitor research
• First-hand interviews

B. Secondary research

Secondary research refers to every strand of relevant data or public records you have to gain a deeper insight into your market and target consumers. These sources include trend reports, market stats, industry-centric content, and sales insights you have at your disposal.  Secondary research is an effective way of gathering valuable intelligence about your competitors. 

You can gather very precise, insightful secondary market research insights from:

• Public records and resources like Census data, governmental reports, or labor stats
• Commercial resources like Gartner, Statista, or Forrester
• Articles, documentaries, and interview transcripts

Another essential branch of both primary and secondary research is internal intelligence. When it comes to efficient market research reporting examples that will benefit your organization, looking inward is a powerful move. 

Existing sales, demographic, or marketing performance insights will lead you to valuable conclusions. Curating internal information will ensure your market research discoveries are well-rounded while helping you connect with the information that will ultimately give you a panoramic view of your target market. 

By understanding both types of research and how they can offer value to your business, you can carefully choose the right informational sources, gather a wide range of intelligence related to your specific niche, and, ultimately, choose the right market research report sample for your specific needs.

If you tailor your market research report format to the type of research you conduct, you will present your visualizations in a way that provides the right people with the right insights, rather than throwing bundles of facts and figures on the wall, hoping that some of them stick.

Taking ample time to explore a range of primary and secondary sources will give your discoveries genuine context. By doing so, you will have a wealth of actionable consumer and competitor insights at your disposal at every stage of your organization’s development (a priceless weapon in an increasingly competitive digital age). 

Dynamic market research is the cornerstone of business development, and a dashboard builder is the vessel that brings these all-important insights to life. Once you get into that mindset, you will ensure that your research results always deliver maximum value.

Common Challenges & Mistakes Of Market Research Reporting & Analysis

We’ve explored different types of market research analysis examples and considered how to conduct effective research. Now, it’s time to look at the key mistakes of market research reporting.  Let’s start with the mistakes.

The mistakes

One of the biggest mistakes that stunt the success of a company’s market research efforts is strategy. Without taking the time to gather an adequate mix of insights from various sources and define your key aims or goals, your processes will become disjointed. You will also suffer from a severe lack of organizational vision.

For your market research-centric strategy to work, everyone within the company must be on the same page. Your core aims and objectives must align throughout the business, and everyone must be clear on their specific role. If you try to craft a collaborative strategy and decide on your informational sources from the very start of your journey, your strategy will deliver true growth and intelligence.

• Measurement

Another classic market research mistake is measurement – or, more accurately, a lack of precise measurement. When embarking on market intelligence gathering processes, many companies fail to select the right KPIs and set the correct benchmarks for the task at hand. Without clearly defined goals, many organizations end up with a market analysis report format that offers little or no value in terms of decision-making or market insights.

To drive growth with your market research efforts, you must set clearly defined KPIs that align with your specific goals, aims, and desired outcomes.

• Competition

A common mistake among many new or scaling companies is failing to explore and examine the competition. This will leave you with gaping informational blindspots. To truly benefit from market research, you must gather valuable nuggets of information from every key source available. Rather than solely looking at your consumers and the wider market (which is incredibly important), you should take the time to see what approach your direct competitors have adopted while getting to grips with the content and communications.

One of the most effective ways of doing so (and avoiding such a monumental market research mistake) is by signing up for your competitors’ mailing lists, downloading their apps, and examining their social media content. This will give you inspiration for your own efforts while allowing you to exploit any gaps in the market that your competitors are failing to fill.

The challenges

• Informational quality

We may have an almost infinite wealth of informational insights at our fingertips, but when it comes to market research, knowing which information to trust can prove an uphill struggle.

When working with metrics, many companies risk connecting with inaccurate insights or leading to a fruitless informational rabbit hole, wasting valuable time and resources in the process. To avoid such a mishap, working with a trusted modern market research and analysis sample is the only way forward.

• Senior buy-in

Another pressing market research challenge that stunts organizational growth is the simple case of senior buy-in. While almost every senior decision-maker knows that market research is an essential component of a successful commercial strategy, many are reluctant to invest an ample amount of time or money in the pursuit.

The best way to overcome such a challenge is by building a case that defines exactly how your market research strategies will offer a healthy ROI to every key aspect of the organization, from marketing and sales to customer experience (CX) and beyond.

• Response rates

Low interview, focus group, or poll response rates can have a serious impact on the success and value of your market research strategy. Even with adequate senior buy-in, you can’t always guarantee that you will get enough responses from early-round interviews or poll requests. If you don’t, your market research discoveries run the risk of being shallow or offering little in the way of actionable insight.

To overcome this common challenge, you can improve the incentive you offer your market research prospects while networking across various platforms to discover new contact opportunities. Changing the tone of voice of your ads or emails will also help boost your consumer or client response rates.

Bringing Your Reports a Step Further

Even if it is still widespread for market-style research results presentation, using PowerPoint at this stage is a hassle and presents many downsides and complications. When busy managers or short-on-time top executives grab a report, they want a quick overview that gives them an idea of the results and the big picture that addresses the objectives: they need a dashboard. This can be applied to all areas of a business that need fast and interactive data visualizations to support their decision-making.

We all know that a picture conveys more information than simple text or figures, so managing to bring it all together on an actionable dashboard will convey your message more efficiently. Besides, market research dashboards have the incredible advantage of always being up-to-date since they work with real-time insights: the synchronization/updating nightmare of dozens of PowerPoint slides doesn’t exist for you anymore. This is particularly helpful for tracking studies performed over time that recurrently need their data to be updated with more recent ones.

In today’s fast-paced business environment, companies must identify and grab new opportunities as they arise while staying away from threats and adapting quickly. In order to always be a step further and make the right decisions, it is critical to perform market research studies to get the information needed and make important decisions with confidence.

We’ve asked the question, “What is a market research report?”, and examined the dynamics of a modern market research report example, and one thing’s for sure: a visual market research report is the best way to understand your customer and thus increase their satisfaction by meeting their expectations head-on. 

From looking at a sample of a market research report, it’s also clear that modern dashboards help you see what is influencing your business with clarity, understand where your brand is situated in the market, and gauge the temperature of your niche or industry before a product or service launch. Once all the studies are done, you must present them efficiently to ensure everyone in the business can make the right decisions that result in real progress. Market research reports are your key allies in the matter.

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• v.3(1); 2016

What Synthesis Methodology Should I Use? A Review and Analysis of Approaches to Research Synthesis

Kara schick-makaroff.

1 Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Marjorie MacDonald

2 School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Marilyn Plummer

3 College of Nursing, Camosun College, Victoria, BC, Canada

Judy Burgess

4 Student Services, University Health Services, Victoria, BC, Canada

Wendy Neander

Associated data, additional file 1.

When we began this process, we were doctoral students and a faculty member in a research methods course. As students, we were facing a review of the literature for our dissertations. We encountered several different ways of conducting a review but were unable to locate any resources that synthesized all of the various synthesis methodologies. Our purpose is to present a comprehensive overview and assessment of the main approaches to research synthesis. We use ‘research synthesis’ as a broad overarching term to describe various approaches to combining, integrating, and synthesizing research findings.

We conducted an integrative review of the literature to explore the historical, contextual, and evolving nature of research synthesis. We searched five databases, reviewed websites of key organizations, hand-searched several journals, and examined relevant texts from the reference lists of the documents we had already obtained.

We identified four broad categories of research synthesis methodology including conventional, quantitative, qualitative, and emerging syntheses. Each of the broad categories was compared to the others on the following: key characteristics, purpose, method, product, context, underlying assumptions, unit of analysis, strengths and limitations, and when to use each approach.

Conclusions

The current state of research synthesis reflects significant advancements in emerging synthesis studies that integrate diverse data types and sources. New approaches to research synthesis provide a much broader range of review alternatives available to health and social science students and researchers.

1. Introduction

Since the turn of the century, public health emergencies have been identified worldwide, particularly related to infectious diseases. For example, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Canada in 2002-2003, the recent Ebola epidemic in Africa, and the ongoing HIV/AIDs pandemic are global health concerns. There have also been dramatic increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases around the world [1] – [3] . These epidemiological challenges have raised concerns about the ability of health systems worldwide to address these crises. As a result, public health systems reform has been initiated in a number of countries. In Canada, as in other countries, the role of evidence to support public health reform and improve population health has been given high priority. Yet, there continues to be a significant gap between the production of evidence through research and its application in practice [4] – [5] . One strategy to address this gap has been the development of new research synthesis methodologies to deal with the time-sensitive and wide ranging evidence needs of policy makers and practitioners in all areas of health care, including public health.

As doctoral nursing students facing a review of the literature for our dissertations, and as a faculty member teaching a research methods course, we encountered several ways of conducting a research synthesis but found no comprehensive resources that discussed, compared, and contrasted various synthesis methodologies on their purposes, processes, strengths and limitations. To complicate matters, writers use terms interchangeably or use different terms to mean the same thing, and the literature is often contradictory about various approaches. Some texts [6] , [7] – [9] did provide a preliminary understanding about how research synthesis had been taken up in nursing, but these did not meet our requirements. Thus, in this article we address the need for a comprehensive overview of research synthesis methodologies to guide public health, health care, and social science researchers and practitioners.

Research synthesis is relatively new in public health but has a long history in other fields dating back to the late 1800s. Research synthesis, a research process in its own right [10] , has become more prominent in the wake of the evidence-based movement of the 1990s. Research syntheses have found their advocates and detractors in all disciplines, with challenges to the processes of systematic review and meta-analysis, in particular, being raised by critics of evidence-based healthcare [11] – [13] .

Our purpose was to conduct an integrative review of the literature to explore the historical, contextual, and evolving nature of research synthesis [14] – [15] . We synthesize and critique the main approaches to research synthesis that are relevant for public health, health care, and social scientists. Research synthesis is the overarching term we use to describe approaches to combining, aggregating, integrating, and synthesizing primary research findings. Each synthesis methodology draws on different types of findings depending on the purpose and product of the chosen synthesis (see Additional File 1 ).

3. Method of Review

Based on our current knowledge of the literature, we identified these approaches to include in our review: systematic review, meta-analysis, qualitative meta-synthesis, meta-narrative synthesis, scoping review, rapid review, realist synthesis, concept analysis, literature review, and integrative review. Our first step was to divide the synthesis types among the research team. Each member did a preliminary search to identify key texts. The team then met to develop search terms and a framework to guide the review.

Over the period of 2008 to 2012 we extensively searched the literature, updating our search at several time points, not restricting our search by date. The dates of texts reviewed range from 1967 to 2015. We used the terms above combined with the term “method* (e.g., “realist synthesis” and “method*) in the database Health Source: Academic Edition (includes Medline and CINAHL). This search yielded very few texts on some methodologies and many on others. We realized that many documents on research synthesis had not been picked up in the search. Therefore, we also searched Google Scholar, PubMed, ERIC, and Social Science Index, as well as the websites of key organizations such as the Joanna Briggs Institute, the University of York Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing, and the Cochrane Collaboration database. We hand searched several nursing, social science, public health and health policy journals. Finally, we traced relevant documents from the references in obtained texts.

We included works that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in English; (2) discussed the history of research synthesis; (3) explicitly described the approach and specific methods; or (4) identified issues, challenges, strengths and limitations of the particular methodology. We excluded research reports that resulted from the use of particular synthesis methodologies unless they also included criteria 2, 3, or 4 above.

Based on our search, we identified additional types of research synthesis (e.g., meta-interpretation, best evidence synthesis, critical interpretive synthesis, meta-summary, grounded formal theory). Still, we missed some important developments in meta-analysis, for example, identified by the journal's reviewers that have now been discussed briefly in the paper. The final set of 197 texts included in our review comprised theoretical, empirical, and conceptual papers, books, editorials and commentaries, and policy documents.

In our preliminary review of key texts, the team inductively developed a framework of the important elements of each method for comparison. In the next phase, each text was read carefully, and data for these elements were extracted into a table for comparison on the points of: key characteristics, purpose, methods, and product; see Additional File 1 ). Once the data were grouped and extracted, we synthesized across categories based on the following additional points of comparison: complexity of the process, degree of systematization, consideration of context, underlying assumptions, unit of analysis, and when to use each approach. In our results, we discuss our comparison of the various synthesis approaches on the elements above. Drawing only on documents for the review, ethics approval was not required.

We identified four broad categories of research synthesis methodology: Conventional, quantitative, qualitative, and emerging syntheses. From our dataset of 197 texts, we had 14 texts on conventional synthesis, 64 on quantitative synthesis, 78 on qualitative synthesis, and 41 on emerging syntheses. Table 1 provides an overview of the four types of research synthesis, definitions, types of data used, products, and examples of the methodology.

Although we group these types of synthesis into four broad categories on the basis of similarities, each type within a category has unique characteristics, which may differ from the overall group similarities. Each could be explored in greater depth to tease out their unique characteristics, but detailed comparison is beyond the scope of this article.

Additional File 1 presents one or more selected types of synthesis that represent the broad category but is not an exhaustive presentation of all types within each category. It provides more depth for specific examples from each category of synthesis on the characteristics, purpose, methods, and products than is found in Table 1 .

4.1. Key Characteristics

4.1.1. what is it.

Here we draw on two types of categorization. First, we utilize Dixon Woods et al.'s [49] classification of research syntheses as being either integrative or interpretive . (Please note that integrative syntheses are not the same as an integrative review as defined in Additional File 1 .) Second, we use Popay's [80] enhancement and epistemological models .

The defining characteristics of integrative syntheses are that they involve summarizing the data achieved by pooling data [49] . Integrative syntheses include systematic reviews, meta-analyses, as well as scoping and rapid reviews because each of these focus on summarizing data. They also define concepts from the outset (although this may not always be true in scoping or rapid reviews) and deal with a well-specified phenomenon of interest.

Interpretive syntheses are primarily concerned with the development of concepts and theories that integrate concepts [49] . The analysis in interpretive synthesis is conceptual both in process and outcome, and “the product is not aggregations of data, but theory” [49] , [p.12]. Interpretive syntheses involve induction and interpretation, and are primarily conceptual in process and outcome. Examples include integrative reviews, some systematic reviews, all of the qualitative syntheses, meta-narrative, realist and critical interpretive syntheses. Of note, both quantitative and qualitative studies can be either integrative or interpretive

The second categorization, enhancement versus epistemological , applies to those approaches that use multiple data types and sources [80] . Popay's [80] classification reflects the ways that qualitative data are valued in relation to quantitative data.

In the enhancement model , qualitative data adds something to quantitative analysis. The enhancement model is reflected in systematic reviews and meta-analyses that use some qualitative data to enhance interpretation and explanation. It may also be reflected in some rapid reviews that draw on quantitative data but use some qualitative data.

The epistemological model assumes that quantitative and qualitative data are equal and each has something unique to contribute. All of the other review approaches, except pure quantitative or qualitative syntheses, reflect the epistemological model because they value all data types equally but see them as contributing different understandings.

4.1.2. Data type

By and large, the quantitative approaches (quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis) have typically used purely quantitative data (i.e., expressed in numeric form). More recently, both Cochrane [81] and Campbell [82] collaborations are grappling with the need to, and the process of, integrating qualitative research into a systematic review. The qualitative approaches use qualitative data (i.e., expressed in words). All of the emerging synthesis types, as well as the conventional integrative review, incorporate qualitative and quantitative study designs and data.

4.1.3. Research question

Four types of research questions direct inquiry across the different types of syntheses. The first is a well-developed research question that gives direction to the synthesis (e.g., meta-analysis, systematic review, meta-study, concept analysis, rapid review, realist synthesis). The second begins as a broad general question that evolves and becomes more refined over the course of the synthesis (e.g., meta-ethnography, scoping review, meta-narrative, critical interpretive synthesis). In the third type, the synthesis begins with a phenomenon of interest and the question emerges in the analytic process (e.g., grounded formal theory). Lastly, there is no clear question, but rather a general review purpose (e.g., integrative review). Thus, the requirement for a well-defined question cuts across at least three of the synthesis types (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, and emerging).

4.1.4. Quality appraisal

This is a contested issue within and between the four synthesis categories. There are strong proponents of quality appraisal in the quantitative traditions of systematic review and meta-analysis based on the need for strong studies that will not jeopardize validity of the overall findings. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on pre-defined criteria; many scales exist that vary dramatically in composition. This has methodological implications for the credibility of findings [83] .

Specific methodologies from the conventional, qualitative, and emerging categories support quality appraisal but do so with caveats. In conventional integrative reviews appraisal is recommended, but depends on the sampling frame used in the study [18] . In meta-study, appraisal criteria are explicit but quality criteria are used in different ways depending on the specific requirements of the inquiry [54] . Among the emerging syntheses, meta-narrative review developers support appraisal of a study based on criteria from the research tradition of the primary study [67] , [84] – [85] . Realist synthesis similarly supports the use of high quality evidence, but appraisal checklists are viewed with scepticism and evidence is judged based on relevance to the research question and whether a credible inference may be drawn [69] . Like realist, critical interpretive syntheses do not judge quality using standardized appraisal instruments. They will exclude fatally flawed studies, but there is no consensus on what ‘fatally flawed’ means [49] , [71] . Appraisal is based on relevance to the inquiry, not rigor of the study.

There is no agreement on quality appraisal among qualitative meta-ethnographers with some supporting and others refuting the need for appraisal. [60] , [62] . Opponents of quality appraisal are found among authors of qualitative (grounded formal theory and concept analysis) and emerging syntheses (scoping and rapid reviews) because quality is not deemed relevant to the intention of the synthesis; the studies being reviewed are not effectiveness studies where quality is extremely important. These qualitative synthesis are often reviews of theoretical developments where the concept itself is what is important, or reviews that provide quotations from the raw data so readers can make their own judgements about the relevance and utility of the data. For example, in formal grounded theory, the purpose of theory generation and authenticity of data used to generate the theory is not as important as the conceptual category. Inaccuracies may be corrected in other ways, such as using the constant comparative method, which facilitates development of theoretical concepts that are repeatedly found in the data [86] – [87] . For pragmatic reasons, evidence is not assessed in rapid and scoping reviews, in part to produce a timely product. The issue of quality appraisal is unresolved across the terrain of research synthesis and we consider this further in our discussion.

4.2. Purpose

All research syntheses share a common purpose -- to summarize, synthesize, or integrate research findings from diverse studies. This helps readers stay abreast of the burgeoning literature in a field. Our discussion here is at the level of the four categories of synthesis. Beginning with conventional literature syntheses, the overall purpose is to attend to mature topics for the purpose of re-conceptualization or to new topics requiring preliminary conceptualization [14] . Such syntheses may be helpful to consider contradictory evidence, map shifting trends in the study of a phenomenon, and describe the emergence of research in diverse fields [14] . The purpose here is to set the stage for a study by identifying what has been done, gaps in the literature, important research questions, or to develop a conceptual framework to guide data collection and analysis.

The purpose of quantitative systematic reviews is to combine, aggregate, or integrate empirical research to be able to generalize from a group of studies and determine the limits of generalization [27] . The focus of quantitative systematic reviews has been primarily on aggregating the results of studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions using experimental, quasi-experimental, and more recently, observational designs. Systematic reviews can be done with or without quantitative meta-analysis but a meta-analysis always takes place within the context of a systematic review. Researchers must consider the review's purpose and the nature of their data in undertaking a quantitative synthesis; this will assist in determining the approach.

The purpose of qualitative syntheses is broadly to synthesize complex health experiences, practices, or concepts arising in healthcare environments. There may be various purposes depending on the qualitative methodology. For example, in hermeneutic studies the aim may be holistic explanation or understanding of a phenomenon [42] , which is deepened by integrating the findings from multiple studies. In grounded formal theory, the aim is to produce a conceptual framework or theory expected to be applicable beyond the original study. Although not able to generalize from qualitative research in the statistical sense [88] , qualitative researchers usually do want to say something about the applicability of their synthesis to other settings or phenomena. This notion of ‘theoretical generalization’ has been referred to as ‘transferability’ [89] – [90] and is an important criterion of rigour in qualitative research. It applies equally to the products of a qualitative synthesis in which the synthesis of multiple studies on the same phenomenon strengthens the ability to draw transferable conclusions.

The overarching purpose of emerging syntheses is challenging the more traditional types of syntheses, in part by using data from both quantitative and qualitative studies with diverse designs for analysis. Beyond this, however, each emerging synthesis methodology has a unique purpose. In meta-narrative review, the purpose is to identify different research traditions in the area, synthesize a complex and diverse body of research. Critical interpretive synthesis shares this characteristic. Although a distinctive approach, critical interpretive synthesis utilizes a modification of the analytic strategies of meta-ethnography [61] (e.g., reciprocal translational analysis, refutational synthesis, and lines of argument synthesis) but goes beyond the use of these to bring a critical perspective to bear in challenging the normative or epistemological assumptions in the primary literature [72] – [73] . The unique purpose of a realist synthesis is to amalgamate complex empirical evidence and theoretical understandings within a diverse body of literature to uncover the operative mechanisms and contexts that affect the outcomes of social interventions. In a scoping review, the intention is to find key concepts, examine the range of research in an area, and identify gaps in the literature. The purpose of a rapid review is comparable to that of a scoping review, but done quickly to meet the time-sensitive information needs of policy makers.

4.3. Method

4.3.1. degree of systematization.

There are varying degrees of systematization across the categories of research synthesis. The most systematized are quantitative systematic reviews and meta-analyses. There are clear processes in each with judgments to be made at each step, although there are no agreed upon guidelines for this. The process is inherently subjective despite attempts to develop objective and systematic processes [91] – [92] . Mullen and Ramirez [27] suggest that there is often a false sense of rigour implied by the terms ‘systematic review’ and ‘meta-analysis’ because of their clearly defined procedures.

In comparison with some types of qualitative synthesis, concept analysis is quite procedural. Qualitative meta-synthesis also has defined procedures and is systematic, yet perhaps less so than concept analysis. Qualitative meta-synthesis starts in an unsystematic way but becomes more systematic as it unfolds. Procedures and frameworks exist for some of the emerging types of synthesis [e.g., [50] , [63] , [71] , [93] ] but are not linear, have considerable flexibility, and are often messy with emergent processes [85] . Conventional literature reviews tend not to be as systematic as the other three types. In fact, the lack of systematization in conventional literature synthesis was the reason for the development of more systematic quantitative [17] , [20] and qualitative [45] – [46] , [61] approaches. Some authors in the field [18] have clarified processes for integrative reviews making them more systematic and rigorous, but most conventional syntheses remain relatively unsystematic in comparison with other types.

4.3.2. Complexity of the process

Some synthesis processes are considerably more complex than others. Methodologies with clearly defined steps are arguably less complex than the more flexible and emergent ones. We know that any study encounters challenges and it is rare that a pre-determined research protocol can be followed exactly as intended. Not even the rigorous methods associated with Cochrane [81] systematic reviews and meta-analyses are always implemented exactly as intended. Even when dealing with numbers rather than words, interpretation is always part of the process. Our collective experience suggests that new methodologies (e.g., meta-narrative synthesis and realist synthesis) that integrate different data types and methods are more complex than conventional reviews or the rapid and scoping reviews.

4.4. Product

The products of research syntheses usually take three distinct formats (see Table 1 and Additional File 1 for further details). The first representation is in tables, charts, graphical displays, diagrams and maps as seen in integrative, scoping and rapid reviews, meta-analyses, and critical interpretive syntheses. The second type of synthesis product is the use of mathematical scores. Summary statements of effectiveness are mathematically displayed in meta-analyses (as an effect size), systematic reviews, and rapid reviews (statistical significance).

The third synthesis product may be a theory or theoretical framework. A mid-range theory can be produced from formal grounded theory, meta-study, meta-ethnography, and realist synthesis. Theoretical/conceptual frameworks or conceptual maps may be created in meta-narrative and critical interpretive syntheses, and integrative reviews. Concepts for use within theories are produced in concept analysis. While these three product types span the categories of research synthesis, narrative description and summary is used to present the products resulting from all methodologies.

4.5. Consideration of context

There are diverse ways that context is considered in the four broad categories of synthesis. Context may be considered to the extent that it features within primary studies for the purpose of the review. Context may also be understood as an integral aspect of both the phenomenon under study and the synthesis methodology (e.g., realist synthesis). Quantitative systematic reviews and meta-analyses have typically been conducted on studies using experimental and quasi-experimental designs and more recently observational studies, which control for contextual features to allow for understanding of the ‘true’ effect of the intervention [94] .

More recently, systematic reviews have included covariates or mediating variables (i.e., contextual factors) to help explain variability in the results across studies [27] . Context, however, is usually handled in the narrative discussion of findings rather than in the synthesis itself. This lack of attention to context has been one criticism leveled against systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which restrict the types of research designs that are considered [e.g., [95] ].

When conventional literature reviews incorporate studies that deal with context, there is a place for considering contextual influences on the intervention or phenomenon. Reviews of quantitative experimental studies tend to be devoid of contextual considerations since the original studies are similarly devoid, but context might figure prominently in a literature review that incorporates both quantitative and qualitative studies.

Qualitative syntheses have been conducted on the contextual features of a particular phenomenon [33] . Paterson et al. [54] advise researchers to attend to how context may have influenced the findings of particular primary studies. In qualitative analysis, contextual features may form categories by which the data can be compared and contrasted to facilitate interpretation. Because qualitative research is often conducted to understand a phenomenon as a whole, context may be a focus, although this varies with the qualitative methodology. At the same time, the findings in a qualitative synthesis are abstracted from the original reports and taken to a higher level of conceptualization, thus removing them from the original context.

Meta-narrative synthesis [67] , [84] , because it draws on diverse research traditions and methodologies, may incorporate context into the analysis and findings. There is not, however, an explicit step in the process that directs the analyst to consider context. Generally, the research question guiding the synthesis is an important factor in whether context will be a focus.

More recent iterations of concept analysis [47] , [96] – [97] explicitly consider context reflecting the assumption that a concept's meaning is determined by its context. Morse [47] points out, however, that Wilson's [98] approach to concept analysis, and those based on Wilson [e.g., [45] ], identify attributes that are devoid of context, while Rodgers' [96] , [99] evolutionary method considers context (e.g., antecedents, consequences, and relationships to other concepts) in concept development.

Realist synthesis [69] considers context as integral to the study. It draws on a critical realist logic of inquiry grounded in the work of Bhaskar [100] , who argues that empirical co-occurrence of events is insufficient for inferring causation. One must identify generative mechanisms whose properties are causal and, depending on the situation, may nor may not be activated [94] . Context interacts with program/intervention elements and thus cannot be differentiated from the phenomenon [69] . This approach synthesizes evidence on generative mechanisms and analyzes contextual features that activate them; the result feeds back into the context. The focus is on what works, for whom, under what conditions, why and how [68] .

4.6. Underlying Philosophical and Theoretical Assumptions

When we began our review, we ‘assumed’ that the assumptions underlying synthesis methodologies would be a distinguishing characteristic of synthesis types, and that we could compare the various types on their assumptions, explicit or implicit. We found, however, that many authors did not explicate the underlying assumptions of their methodologies, and it was difficult to infer them. Kirkevold [101] has argued that integrative reviews need to be carried out from an explicit philosophical or theoretical perspective. We argue this should be true for all types of synthesis.

Authors of some emerging synthesis approaches have been very explicit about their assumptions and philosophical underpinnings. An implicit assumption of most emerging synthesis methodologies is that quantitative systematic reviews and meta-analyses have limited utility in some fields [e.g., in public health – [13] , [102] ] and for some kinds of review questions like those about feasibility and appropriateness versus effectiveness [103] – [104] . They also assume that ontologically and epistemologically, both kinds of data can be combined. This is a significant debate in the literature because it is about the commensurability of overarching paradigms [105] but this is beyond the scope of this review.

Realist synthesis is philosophically grounded in critical realism or, as noted above, a realist logic of inquiry [93] , [99] , [106] – [107] . Key assumptions regarding the nature of interventions that inform critical realism have been described above in the section on context. See Pawson et al. [106] for more information on critical realism, the philosophical basis of realist synthesis.

Meta-narrative synthesis is explicitly rooted in a constructivist philosophy of science [108] in which knowledge is socially constructed rather than discovered, and what we take to be ‘truth’ is a matter of perspective. Reality has a pluralistic and plastic character, and there is no pre-existing ‘real world’ independent of human construction and language [109] . See Greenhalgh et al. [67] , [85] and Greenhalgh & Wong [97] for more discussion of the constructivist basis of meta-narrative synthesis.

In the case of purely quantitative or qualitative syntheses, it may be an easier matter to uncover unstated assumptions because they are likely to be shared with those of the primary studies in the genre. For example, grounded formal theory shares the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of grounded theory, rooted in the theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism [110] – [111] and the philosophy of pragmatism [87] , [112] – [114] .

As with meta-narrative synthesis, meta-study developers identify constructivism as their interpretive philosophical foundation [54] , [88] . Epistemologically, constructivism focuses on how people construct and re-construct knowledge about a specific phenomenon, and has three main assumptions: (1) reality is seen as multiple, at times even incompatible with the phenomenon under consideration; (2) just as primary researchers construct interpretations from participants' data, meta-study researchers also construct understandings about the primary researchers' original findings. Thus, meta-synthesis is a construction of a construction, or a meta-construction; and (3) all constructions are shaped by the historical, social and ideological context in which they originated [54] . The key message here is that reports of any synthesis would benefit from an explicit identification of the underlying philosophical perspectives to facilitate a better understanding of the results, how they were derived, and how they are being interpreted.

4.7. Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis for each category of review is generally distinct. For the emerging synthesis approaches, the unit of analysis is specific to the intention. In meta-narrative synthesis it is the storyline in diverse research traditions; in rapid review or scoping review, it depends on the focus but could be a concept; and in realist synthesis, it is the theories rather than programs that are the units of analysis. The elements of theory that are important in the analysis are mechanisms of action, the context, and the outcome [107] .

For qualitative synthesis, the units of analysis are generally themes, concepts or theories, although in meta-study, the units of analysis can be research findings (“meta-data-analysis”), research methods (“meta-method”) or philosophical/theoretical perspectives (“meta-theory”) [54] . In quantitative synthesis, the units of analysis range from specific statistics for systematic reviews to effect size of the intervention for meta-analysis. More recently, some systematic reviews focus on theories [115] – [116] , therefore it depends on the research question. Similarly, within conventional literature synthesis the units of analysis also depend on the research purpose, focus and question as well as on the type of research methods incorporated into the review. What is important in all research syntheses, however, is that the unit of analysis needs to be made explicit. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.

4.8. Strengths and Limitations

In this section, we discuss the overarching strengths and limitations of synthesis methodologies as a whole and then highlight strengths and weaknesses across each of our four categories of synthesis.

4.8.1. Strengths of Research Syntheses in General

With the vast proliferation of research reports and the increased ease of retrieval, research synthesis has become more accessible providing a way of looking broadly at the current state of research. The availability of syntheses helps researchers, practitioners, and policy makers keep up with the burgeoning literature in their fields without which evidence-informed policy or practice would be difficult. Syntheses explain variation and difference in the data helping us identify the relevance for our own situations; they identify gaps in the literature leading to new research questions and study designs. They help us to know when to replicate a study and when to avoid excessively duplicating research. Syntheses can inform policy and practice in a way that well-designed single studies cannot; they provide building blocks for theory that helps us to understand and explain our phenomena of interest.

4.8.2. Limitations of Research Syntheses in General

The process of selecting, combining, integrating, and synthesizing across diverse study designs and data types can be complex and potentially rife with bias, even with those methodologies that have clearly defined steps. Just because a rigorous and standardized approach has been used does not mean that implicit judgements will not influence the interpretations and choices made at different stages.

In all types of synthesis, the quantity of data can be considerable, requiring difficult decisions about scope, which may affect relevance. The quantity of available data also has implications for the size of the research team. Few reviews these days can be done independently, in particular because decisions about inclusion and exclusion may require the involvement of more than one person to ensure reliability.

For all types of synthesis, it is likely that in areas with large, amorphous, and diverse bodies of literature, even the most sophisticated search strategies will not turn up all the relevant and important texts. This may be more important in some synthesis methodologies than in others, but the omission of key documents can influence the results of all syntheses. This issue can be addressed, at least in part, by including a library scientist on the research team as required by some funding agencies. Even then, it is possible to miss key texts. In this review, for example, because none of us are trained in or conduct meta-analyses, we were not even aware that we had missed some new developments in this field such as meta-regression [117] – [118] , network meta-analysis [119] – [121] , and the use of individual patient data in meta-analyses [122] – [123] .

One limitation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses is that they rapidly go out of date. We thought this might be true for all types of synthesis, although we wondered if those that produce theory might not be somewhat more enduring. We have not answered this question but it is open for debate. For all types of synthesis, the analytic skills and the time required are considerable so it is clear that training is important before embarking on a review, and some types of review may not be appropriate for students or busy practitioners.

Finally, the quality of reporting in primary studies of all genres is variable so it is sometimes difficult to identify aspects of the study essential for the synthesis, or to determine whether the study meets quality criteria. There may be flaws in the original study, or journal page limitations may necessitate omitting important details. Reporting standards have been developed for some types of reviews (e.g., systematic review, meta-analysis, meta-narrative synthesis, realist synthesis); but there are no agreed upon standards for qualitative reviews. This is an important area for development in advancing the science of research synthesis.

4.8.3. Strengths and Limitations of the Four Synthesis Types

The conventional literature review and now the increasingly common integrative review remain important and accessible approaches for students, practitioners, and experienced researchers who want to summarize literature in an area but do not have the expertise to use one of the more complex methodologies. Carefully executed, such reviews are very useful for synthesizing literature in preparation for research grants and practice projects. They can determine the state of knowledge in an area and identify important gaps in the literature to provide a clear rationale or theoretical framework for a study [14] , [18] . There is a demand, however, for more rigour, with more attention to developing comprehensive search strategies and more systematic approaches to combining, integrating, and synthesizing the findings.

Generally, conventional reviews include diverse study designs and data types that facilitate comprehensiveness, which may be a strength on the one hand, but can also present challenges on the other. The complexity inherent in combining results from studies with diverse methodologies can result in bias and inaccuracies. The absence of clear guidelines about how to synthesize across diverse study types and data [18] has been a challenge for novice reviewers.

Quantitative systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been important in launching the field of evidence-based healthcare. They provide a systematic, orderly and auditable process for conducting a review and drawing conclusions [25] . They are arguably the most powerful approaches to understanding the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, especially when intervention studies on the same topic show very different results. When areas of research are dogged by controversy [25] or when study results go against strongly held beliefs, such approaches can reduce the uncertainty and bring strong evidence to bear on the controversy.

Despite their strengths, they also have limitations. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses do not provide a way of including complex literature comprising various types of evidence including qualitative studies, theoretical work, and epidemiological studies. Only certain types of design are considered and qualitative data are used in a limited way. This exclusion limits what can be learned in a topic area.

Meta-analyses are often not possible because of wide variability in study design, population, and interventions so they may have a narrow range of utility. New developments in meta-analysis, however, can be used to address some of these limitations. Network meta-analysis is used to explore relative efficacy of multiple interventions, even those that have never been compared in more conventional pairwise meta-analyses [121] , allowing for improved clinical decision making [120] . The limitation is that network meta-analysis has only been used in medical/clinical applications [119] and not in public health. It has not yet been widely accepted and many methodological challenges remain [120] – [121] . Meta-regression is another development that combines meta-analytic and linear regression principles to address the fact that heterogeneity of results may compromise a meta-analysis [117] – [118] . The disadvantage is that many clinicians are unfamiliar with it and may incorrectly interpret results [117] .

Some have accused meta-analysis of combining apples and oranges [124] raising questions in the field about their meaningfulness [25] , [28] . More recently, the use of individual rather than aggregate data has been useful in facilitating greater comparability among studies [122] . In fact, Tomas et al. [123] argue that meta-analysis using individual data is now the gold standard although access to the raw data from other studies may be a challenge to obtain.

The usefulness of systematic reviews in synthesizing complex health and social interventions has also been challenged [102] . It is often difficult to synthesize their findings because such studies are “epistemologically diverse and methodologically complex” [ [69] , p.21]. Rigid inclusion/exclusion criteria may allow only experimental or quasi-experimental designs into consideration resulting in lost information that may well be useful to policy makers for tailoring an intervention to the context or understanding its acceptance by recipients.

Qualitative syntheses may be the type of review most fraught with controversy and challenge, while also bringing distinct strengths to the enterprise. Although these methodologies provide a comprehensive and systematic review approach, they do not generally provide definitive statements about intervention effectiveness. They do, however, address important questions about the development of theoretical concepts, patient experiences, acceptability of interventions, and an understanding about why interventions might work.

Most qualitative syntheses aim to produce a theoretically generalizable mid-range theory that explains variation across studies. This makes them more useful than single primary studies, which may not be applicable beyond the immediate setting or population. All provide a contextual richness that enhances relevance and understanding. Another benefit of some types of qualitative synthesis (e.g., grounded formal theory) is that the concept of saturation provides a sound rationale for limiting the number of texts to be included thus making reviews potentially more manageable. This contrasts with the requirements of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that require an exhaustive search.

Qualitative researchers debate about whether the findings of ontologically and epistemological diverse qualitative studies can actually be combined or synthesized [125] because methodological diversity raises many challenges for synthesizing findings. The products of different types of qualitative syntheses range from theory and conceptual frameworks, to themes and rich descriptive narratives. Can one combine the findings from a phenomenological study with the theory produced in a grounded theory study? Many argue yes, but many also argue no.

Emerging synthesis methodologies were developed to address some limitations inherent in other types of synthesis but also have their own issues. Because each type is so unique, it is difficult to identify overarching strengths of the entire category. An important strength, however, is that these newer forms of synthesis provide a systematic and rigorous approach to synthesizing a diverse literature base in a topic area that includes a range of data types such as: both quantitative and qualitative studies, theoretical work, case studies, evaluations, epidemiological studies, trials, and policy documents. More than conventional literature reviews and systematic reviews, these approaches provide explicit guidance on analytic methods for integrating different types of data. The assumption is that all forms of data have something to contribute to knowledge and theory in a topic area. All have a defined but flexible process in recognition that the methods may need to shift as knowledge develops through the process.

Many emerging synthesis types are helpful to policy makers and practitioners because they are usually involved as team members in the process to define the research questions, and interpret and disseminate the findings. In fact, engagement of stakeholders is built into the procedures of the methods. This is true for rapid reviews, meta-narrative syntheses, and realist syntheses. It is less likely to be the case for critical interpretive syntheses.

Another strength of some approaches (realist and meta-narrative syntheses) is that quality and publication standards have been developed to guide researchers, reviewers, and funders in judging the quality of the products [108] , [126] – [127] . Training materials and online communities of practice have also been developed to guide users of realist and meta-narrative review methods [107] , [128] . A unique strength of critical interpretive synthesis is that it takes a critical perspective on the process that may help reconceptualize the data in a way not considered by the primary researchers [72] .

There are also challenges of these new approaches. The methods are new and there may be few published applications by researchers other than the developers of the methods, so new users often struggle with the application. The newness of the approaches means that there may not be mentors available to guide those unfamiliar with the methods. This is changing, however, and the number of applications in the literature is growing with publications by new users helping to develop the science of synthesis [e.g., [129] ]. However, the evolving nature of the approaches and their developmental stage present challenges for novice researchers.

4.9. When to Use Each Approach

Choosing an appropriate approach to synthesis will depend on the question you are asking, the purpose of the review, and the outcome or product you want to achieve. In Additional File 1 , we discuss each of these to provide guidance to readers on making a choice about review type. If researchers want to know whether a particular type of intervention is effective in achieving its intended outcomes, then they might choose a quantitative systemic review with or without meta-analysis, possibly buttressed with qualitative studies to provide depth and explanation of the results. Alternately, if the concern is about whether an intervention is effective with different populations under diverse conditions in varying contexts, then a realist synthesis might be the most appropriate.

If researchers' concern is to develop theory, they might consider qualitative syntheses or some of the emerging syntheses that produce theory (e.g., critical interpretive synthesis, realist review, grounded formal theory, qualitative meta-synthesis). If the aim is to track the development and evolution of concepts, theories or ideas, or to determine how an issue or question is addressed across diverse research traditions, then meta-narrative synthesis would be most appropriate.

When the purpose is to review the literature in advance of undertaking a new project, particularly by graduate students, then perhaps an integrative review would be appropriate. Such efforts contribute towards the expansion of theory, identify gaps in the research, establish the rationale for studying particular phenomena, and provide a framework for interpreting results in ways that might be useful for influencing policy and practice.

For researchers keen to bring new insights, interpretations, and critical re-conceptualizations to a body of research, then qualitative or critical interpretive syntheses will provide an inductive product that may offer new understandings or challenges to the status quo. These can inform future theory development, or provide guidance for policy and practice.

5. Discussion

What is the current state of science regarding research synthesis? Public health, health care, and social science researchers or clinicians have previously used all four categories of research synthesis, and all offer a suitable array of approaches for inquiries. New developments in systematic reviews and meta-analysis are providing ways of addressing methodological challenges [117] – [123] . There has also been significant advancement in emerging synthesis methodologies and they are quickly gaining popularity. Qualitative meta-synthesis is still evolving, particularly given how new it is within the terrain of research synthesis. In the midst of this evolution, outstanding issues persist such as grappling with: the quantity of data, quality appraisal, and integration with knowledge translation. These topics have not been thoroughly addressed and need further debate.

5.1. Quantity of Data

We raise the question of whether it is possible or desirable to find all available studies for a synthesis that has this requirement (e.g., meta-analysis, systematic review, scoping, meta-narrative synthesis [25] , [27] , [63] , [67] , [84] – [85] ). Is the synthesis of all available studies a realistic goal in light of the burgeoning literature? And how can this be sustained in the future, particularly as the emerging methodologies continue to develop and as the internet facilitates endless access? There has been surprisingly little discussion on this topic and the answers will have far-reaching implications for searching, sampling, and team formation.

Researchers and graduate students can no longer rely on their own independent literature search. They will likely need to ask librarians for assistance as they navigate multiple sources of literature and learn new search strategies. Although teams now collaborate with library scientists, syntheses are limited in that researchers must make decisions on the boundaries of the review, in turn influencing the study's significance. The size of a team may also be pragmatically determined to manage the search, extraction, and synthesis of the burgeoning data. There is no single answer to our question about the possibility or necessity of finding all available articles for a review. Multiple strategies that are situation specific are likely to be needed.

5.2. Quality Appraisal

While the issue of quality appraisal has received much attention in the synthesis literature, scholars are far from resolution. There may be no agreement about appraisal criteria in a given tradition. For example, the debate rages over the appropriateness of quality appraisal in qualitative synthesis where there are over 100 different sets of criteria and many do not overlap [49] . These differences may reflect disciplinary and methodological orientations, but diverse quality appraisal criteria may privilege particular types of research [49] . The decision to appraise is often grounded in ontological and epistemological assumptions. Nonetheless, diversity within and between categories of synthesis is likely to continue unless debate on the topic of quality appraisal continues and evolves toward consensus.

5.3. Integration with Knowledge Translation

If research syntheses are to make a difference to practice and ultimately to improve health outcomes, then we need to do a better job of knowledge translation. In the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) definition of knowledge translation (KT), research or knowledge synthesis is an integral component [130] . Yet, with few exceptions [131] – [132] , very little of the research synthesis literature even mentions the relationship of synthesis to KT nor does it discuss strategies to facilitate the integration of synthesis findings into policy and practice. The exception is in the emerging synthesis methodologies, some of which (e.g., realist and meta-narrative syntheses, scoping reviews) explicitly involve stakeholders or knowledge users. The argument is that engaging them in this way increases the likelihood that the knowledge generated will be translated into policy and practice. We suggest that a more explicit engagement with knowledge users in all types of synthesis would benefit the uptake of the research findings.

Research synthesis neither makes research more applicable to practice nor ensures implementation. Focus must now turn seriously towards translation of synthesis findings into knowledge products that are useful for health care practitioners in multiple areas of practice and develop appropriate strategies to facilitate their use. The burgeoning field of knowledge translation has, to some extent, taken up this challenge; however, the research-practice gap continues to plague us [133] – [134] . It is a particular problem for qualitative syntheses [131] . Although such syntheses have an important place in evidence-informed practice, little effort has gone into the challenge of translating the findings into useful products to guide practice [131] .

5.4. Limitations

Our study took longer than would normally be expected for an integrative review. Each of us were primarily involved in our own dissertations or teaching/research positions, and so this study was conducted ‘off the sides of our desks.’ A limitation was that we searched the literature over the course of 4 years (from 2008–2012), necessitating multiple search updates. Further, we did not do a comprehensive search of the literature after 2012, thus the more recent synthesis literature was not systematically explored. We did, however, perform limited database searches from 2012–2015 to keep abreast of the latest methodological developments. Although we missed some new approaches to meta-analysis in our search, we did not find any new features of the synthesis methodologies covered in our review that would change the analysis or findings of this article. Lastly, we struggled with the labels used for the broad categories of research synthesis methodology because of our hesitancy to reinforce the divide between quantitative and qualitative approaches. However, it was very difficult to find alternative language that represented the types of data used in these methodologies. Despite our hesitancy in creating such an obvious divide, we were left with the challenge of trying to find a way of characterizing these broad types of syntheses.

6. Conclusion

Our findings offer methodological clarity for those wishing to learn about the broad terrain of research synthesis. We believe that our review makes transparent the issues and considerations in choosing from among the four broad categories of research synthesis. In summary, research synthesis has taken its place as a form of research in its own right. The methodological terrain has deep historical roots reaching back over the past 200 years, yet research synthesis remains relatively new to public health, health care, and social sciences in general. This is rapidly changing. New developments in systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and the emergence of new synthesis methodologies provide a vast array of options to review the literature for diverse purposes. New approaches to research synthesis and new analytic methods within existing approaches provide a much broader range of review alternatives for public health, health care, and social science students and researchers.

Acknowledgments

KSM is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Alberta. Her work on this article was largely conducted as a Postdoctoral Fellow, funded by KRESCENT (Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training Program, reference #KRES110011R1) and the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Alberta.

MM's work on this study over the period of 2008-2014 was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Applied Public Health Research Chair Award (grant #92365).

We thank Rachel Spanier who provided support with reference formatting.

List of Abbreviations (in Additional File 1 )

Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this article.

Authors' contributions: KSM co-designed the study, collected data, analyzed the data, drafted/revised the manuscript, and managed the project.

MP contributed to searching the literature, developing the analytic framework, and extracting data for the Additional File.

JB contributed to searching the literature, developing the analytic framework, and extracting data for the Additional File.

WN contributed to searching the literature, developing the analytic framework, and extracting data for the Additional File.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Additional Files: Additional File 1 – Selected Types of Research Synthesis

This Additional File is our dataset created to organize, analyze and critique the literature that we synthesized in our integrative review. Our results were created based on analysis of this Additional File.

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What is research synthesis? Tips, templates, and examples

15 Minute Read

“What if we learn what we already know?”

“What if we learn something we don’t want to know?”

“What if we don’t learn anything ?”

These are some of the questions in the back of our minds when we kick off new research projects. The anxiety-inducing power of these questions withers with experience, but the questions themselves linger.

The intimidation of a blank canvas is something most designers, and creatives in general, are used to contending with. Research, however, seems to have its own special kind of intimidation factor. Perhaps because, with the learning that comes through research, there is so much about the outcomes of research that you can’t control. It’s unlike most professional endeavors. Usually you’re responsible for creating or building something using your skills or wit, something you choose, build, and mold until it’s right. The truth you’re after with research isn’t like that at all.

What is research synthesis?

In research, this step of truth-seeking or  “making sense of mess” is called synthesis. And while teams are always in some degree of synthesis, formally this happens between design phases and usually after research is conducted.

We synthesize research data to make it meaningful, to turn information into knowledge. 

Truth-seeking is a kind of a loaded endeavor these days. We live in a complex world. One with bias, nuance, and privilege. And while it’s true that as a user researcher you don’t control the outcome of research, you do control the synthesis process. Here the choices you make, the methods and tools you use, and the perspective you bring (or don’t)… all influence the outcomes of research and its integrity. 

There are lots of different methods and activities for research synthesis. Some examples include:

• journey maps
• affinity maps
• empathy maps

These research methods become your toolkit to combine what you saw and heard, the objective, with what you think and feel, the subjective. 

By using a good framework and data practices in synthesis, you can see exact moment inferences are made, where bias might be recognized, and where the lens of the researcher is used to create a new perspective.

The output of research synthesis is what you believe to be true, an emerging insight… which can go on to inspire deeper understanding and action. 

Research synthesis method spotlight: affinity mapping

Affinity mapping is one the simplest and most effective activities for research synthesis. It is an organizational process of discerning explicitly and implicit relationships between data. It’s an attempt to identify patterns by grouping together data either by logic or intuition.

The outputs of an affinity map are themes. Themes are hidden patterns that emerge through an affinity between data points. Themes bubble up into insights statements that teams can use during ideation.

A few tips for affinity mapping:

• Each note should include a single thought, ie a short snippet of data such as a quote or an observation.
• Use a system to code your data so that you always have an attachment (we call this the red thread) back to the original data source. This data practice is good for quality assurance and future context-building.
• Affinity mapping is inductive, meaning you let the affinity of the digital sticky notes inform the groupings rather than the other way around. For example, don’t start with a group of patterns in mind and then cherry pick the data to fit those groups. Let the clusters emerge naturally, and then check them against whatever hypothesis you might have had to begin with.

3 tips for research synthesis

What does successful research synthesis look like? Like most good questions, the answer is: it depends. 

Research synthesis will be different for different scales of research projects, across teams, methods, and tools. Below are a few tips for setting up your research projects for successful synthesis:

• Don’t set out to “validate ideas” - We met with a research coach recently who was on a mission to ban these words from his team’s vocabulary, and for good reason. Validating ideas can be an aspect of research, but it shouldn’t be the goal. If validating ideas is the goal, there will be a silent and powerful self-fulfilling prophecy at work from the very start. 
• Have 3 - 5 clear questions - These user research questions aren’t necessarily the exact questions you ask participants (though they might be). More so they serve as internal goals that should inspire the nature of all of the questions, the synthesis framework you choose, and how you focus your insights.
• Control the controllable - While you can’t control where your data leads you, there is a lot you can do to put quality control around your data set and synthesis process. For example, by using a good audience screener, you can be sure you have an equitable distribution of participants. By tracking your qualitative data with a quantitative lens, you can observe interesting trends such as certain participants having more data points than others. Spend some time up front identifying where you can control the quality of your dataset, how you’ll identify potential quality issues, and keep those aspects in mind as the research progresses.  

Why it matters

Research synthesis is the stage of research that is often the most tedious and, for some, least understood. Even if you, as the researcher, have a firm grasp on research synthesis, it's safe to say most of the stakeholders in your organization won't.

Intentional and explainable research synthesis can go a long way in helping your research be accurate, trustworthy, and impactful. If you can unpack an insight by walking someone back through your synthesis process and actually inviting them into the learning experience with you... your insights and research will have a much bigger impact.

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May 25, 2022

Data Synthesis and Meta-Analysis in Market Research

What synthesis is, why it’s important, and how to do it in MR.

by Simon Edwards

Head of Customer Research, Insight and Analytics at ANZ Bank

Synthesis is integrating several pieces of research and evidence sources to form one insight or set of explanations. Researchers have been doing synthesis for a long time. It is called “literature review” in academia and, in some businesses, it’s called “joining the dots”.

With synthesis, we combine different evidence points. Often, these are different metrics, qualitative and quantitative, and from different paradigms. Joining the dots is not necessarily an easy thing to do because different sources can seem incomparable, especially if the sources were not designed to work together.

Synthesis is critical for complex business challenges

You will need to use synthesis when you are looking at complex business problems, e.g. why are sales declining or increasing? Why is NPS declining or improving? Why is conversion decreasing? Will people adopt this new feature? After a while, you might start to use synthesis all the time. It’s a question of how much to use synthesis – not whether to use it or not. You might be familiar with people saying, “let’s start with what we already know”. That is a signal there are sources you need to review!

Why is synthesis important?

The amount of information in your company and category is expanding rapidly In the banking business/category, there are approximately three times more sources than there were 10 years ago. There are more choices of syndicate sources and more complexity in different internal customer feedback programs (relationship, episodic, and interaction), social media, and app sources.

As a researcher, your value is determined by your ability to answer questions and solve problems. However, you are dealing with information asymmetry. The more senior your stakeholders are, the more information they have. In contrast, a researcher typically focuses on a specific part of the business and likely has limited data sources. Oftentimes, the stakeholders will know more than you! Your observations and recommendations will be incomplete if you don’t consider  everything your firm collectively knows.

Synthesis overcomes another challenge, one caused by the fact that different stakeholders often have different preferences for sources of evidence. Traditionally, one looks to achieve “alignment” on business problems and opportunities. But different sources, answers or attention on the wrong things, results in tension. And, it’s not unusual to observe different stakeholders coming together with different versions of the truth based on different sources of data.

How do you synthesize data?

Applying synthesis is a three-step process. It starts with the creation of a conceptual map of the constructs, which becomes your ultimate overview and digest of the business issue. You can apply this to both quant and qual sources. And, youj might need to iterate the process as you drill in on specific areas.

There are some rules for this we will cover later, but first, the three steps:

• Build a conceptual map of the constructs. This could be a fishbone diagram, a horizon tree diagram, or even a couple of boxes with lines on the back of an envelope! Most importantly, there will be an outcome, e.g. sales. Secondly, the constructs which drive the outcomes, e.g. marketing investment, creative strength, proposition strength, distribution (online and offline).
• Identify and plot the different variables used to measure the constructs , so in the concept diagram you will have constructs and measures. This distinction between constructs and measures helps you integrate different types of research at the construct level, where at the measure level this is harder. This is what enables the dot joining!
• Assemble the relevant pieces of data that validate why the constructs are in the diagram and the extent to which they are changing.

An example of data synthesis

Imagine you have been asked to explain a decline in NPS over the last six months. You might know that the research team has a driver model of NPS. Let’s use a fictitious example that resembles reality. The driver model might say that overall NPS is determined by:

• Customer service – 20%
• Trust – 20%
• Product – 20%
• Price – 20%
• Ease of use – 20%

Now assemble the performance of each of these constructs based on the relevant measures. Utilise the NPS or satisfaction score changes over the period for the channels including digital and people channels, product, price, and ease of performance from internal and syndicated sources.

3 Ways Market Researchers Can Be More Agile Right Now

It’s likely that this picture will indicate where (at least the first why) the issues might be. In our example, we see trust and customer service have declined.

To drill in further on the issue, you can draw another concept diagram of the drivers of customer service. You find that service results are driven by:

• The contact center NPS
• The app NPS
• Quality of issue resolution

You have noticed the measures for each of these items have declined. A review of the survey verbatims indicates a 20% increase in wait times to answer calls. Reports from the contact center indicate wait times have increased. The feedback survey from the app reveals that the decline in NPS was due to the loss of some features that people customers felt were critical and some changes users are not yet familiar with.

Tips for conducting a powerful meta-analysis

VADZIM KUSHNIAROU, ISTOCK

In order to utilise synthesis successfully, you need to keep a few tips and rules in mind as guard rails to your evidence-based approach.

1. Be comfortable if the data comes from different sources. That is ok. The measures that you are comparing will be consistent over time. You are joining the dots however with the constructs, not the measures! By doing this you will learn how different measures reflect the constructs.

2. Prioritize the most robust evidence in the conceptual map. It’s all right to have different levels of confidence on data points. Use a hierarchy of evidence to be comfortable with the information you are using. Larger sample sizes, and reputable sources are important, and directional replications of conclusions across different sources are what you are looking for.

3. Ensure that the observations about changes are statistically significant at the measures level. Even though NPS is a calculation, you can still do confident tests on the underlying question distributions. Don’t think about statistical significance as on-off. Be a Bayesian!

4. Measures of every construct are testable by their nature. Look to ensure multiple sources are directionally consistent. This replication of the same results adds to the strength of your explanation. The overall why answer you are seeking is the best explanation with the least inputs.

5. Keep asking why to find the drivers behind the drivers.

6. Be aware of the differences between cause and effect. Be aware of whether it matters in your business problem. While this can be a big topic, there is a practical approach to this. In our example above, operational reports from the contact provided proof the surveys were accurately solving the causality problem.

7. Beliefs or theories are never immune from revision based on new data. Your conceptual diagram should constantly be reviewed and updated as new data and information become available. It is a journey, not a destination. As consumer behavior changes over time, there should be changes in your conceptual diagram.

Simon Edwards

The views, opinions, data, and methodologies expressed above are those of the contributor(s) and do not necessarily reflect or represent the official policies, positions, or beliefs of Greenbook.

Comments are moderated to ensure respect towards the author and to prevent spam or self-promotion. Your comment may be edited, rejected, or approved based on these criteria. By commenting, you accept these terms and take responsibility for your contributions.

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Michelle Kilfoyle

Writer & Editor | Science · Social Science · Sustainability

How to write a research synthesis report

A version of this post originally appeared on the Science Communication Unit’s blog in 2019.

The words on the screen are drifting in and out of focus… lithium-ion and sodium-ion, redox flow and redox couples… and, errrrrm, what does ‘roundtrip efficiency’ mean?

It’s April 2018.  I have just returned to work after a sleepless year on maternity leave and been tasked with writing a report on battery technologies and their environmental impacts.

It’s an honour to write about such an important topic – batteries are critical to renewable energy systems and e-mobility – and I am excited about the job ahead.

However, faced with this seemingly insurmountable, not to mention impenetrable, pile of scientific papers upon which to base the report, it’s also easy to feel a little daunted.

I pull myself together. I know that I can do this because I’ve been here before, having successfully delivered reports on a diverse set of topics, from green finance to fish farming – as baffling as some of these topics may have seemed at first.

And sure enough, six months later,  Towards the Battery of the Future  (as the finished report is now titled) is being handed out to warm approval at high-level international conferences and EU meetings, deemed worthy of attention by top-tier policymakers and captains of industry.

With a glow of satisfaction, I pat myself on the back for having mastered a topic that, initially, I knew very little about. I’m also chuffed to have played a role in sharing the science with wider society.

Research syntheses

Towards the Battery of the Future is one of a number of reports I have worked on for  Science for Environment Policy . It is an example of a research synthesis – a publication which weaves together research, often from multiple disciplines, to support or influence policy. I can tell you from my time on these reports that producing a research synthesis is a tricky business.

An increasing body of scholarly work is assessing the role and impact of research syntheses, and various techniques for creating them (some examples here and here ). This has yielded some interesting principles and frameworks, which provide valuable food for thought and guidelines for action.

This blog is my nuts-and-bolts contribution to the discussion and, below, we have a handful of pointers, drawn from personal experience. These helped me take the batteries report, and those before it, on the journey from a mystifying blur of pixels to a  bona fide  publication, and one which may just help make the world a better place.

1. Talk to real people

A chat with a well-selected expert can clarify more about a topic than days of scouring through research papers (and certainly more than could ever be gleaned from Wikipedia).

Work on the batteries report really got going after some enlightening conversations with the commissioning policy officer in Brussels and my trusty  scientific advisor  in Germany. Both helped define what we  really  need to focus on.

Where does the weight of evidence sit? What are the big debates and unknowns? And, seriously, what does roundtrip efficiency actually mean?

Thanks to these chats, the words on my screen start to snap into focus, and, armed with a list of useful keywords, I feel ready to take on the research databases and build this report.

(And, turns out roundtrip efficiency is really a very simple concept.  Need to know : you don’t want your batteries to leak too much energy when recharging).

2. And talk to lots of different types of people

I lost count of how many people contributed to and reviewed the batteries report. These helpful souls not only offered useful details, but also balance with their diverse backgrounds, from transport to chemicals.

And it’s not just scientists and policymakers who can help. Businesses, consultants and community groups, for example, are all a treasure trove of information and perspective.

I have been transported from my desk in a grey suburb of Bristol to tropical forests of Central America and windswept fish farms of the Baltic Sea, courtesy of telephone conversations with astonishingly obliging contributors.

With my  tabula rasa  outset for each report, I do often feel a little ignorant during these chats.  I’ve not quite forgiven the guy who actually shouted at me for asking the wrong questions (owing to my ignorance on the particular topic of the report at the time), but I did come out of that conversation much more knowledgeable than when I went in.

A caveat : the more people involved in a report, the longer it takes – and the risk of missing publication in time for key policy events increases, diminishing the report’s potential impact. In practice, synthesis writers are often faced with the challenge of finding the best way to produce robust content within short timeframes (see also: limited budgets).

3. Your reference manager is your best friend

I’ve seen many a writer get in a twist attempting to manually manage the reams of references that make up a report. Problems often arise as a report continually shifts in form throughout its development; citations get lost, bibliographies get muddled.

I’ve adopted Mendeley to overcome these issues, and do all the awkward formatting for me. It’s not perfect, and I’m always keen to know how others deal with their references, but it sure makes life a lot easier.

4. Keep on truckin’

It is the research that goes into developing a report, and not the actual writing, that drains the most time and energy. A day spent filtering and reading papers can amount to just two or three short paragraphs of text. Producing a research synthesis report is, at times, frustratingly arduous.

#LANGUAGE #ENGLISH pic.twitter.com/LQq5jeas2A — The Language Nerds (@language_nerds_) November 14, 2021

However, as Towards the Battery of the Future gradually morphed into a rounded product, I was reminded of why I went into science communication in the first place: it’s the perfect excuse to learn new things. The process of translating between the languages of science and the ‘lay person’ is also something I find undeniably satisfying.

Indeed, as I submit the final draft, I’m wishing I could make my own efficient roundtrip – to go back and do it all again.

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Synthetic Biology: Global Markets

Report Code: BIO066D

Publish Date: Jan 2017

Publisher: BCC Publishing

Category: Cell Biology

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Report Highlights

The global synthetic-biology market reached nearly $3.9 billion in 2016 and should reach $11.4 billion by 2021, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24.0% through 2021.

Report Includes

• An overview of the global markets for synthetic biology.
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2015, estimates for 2016, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2021.
• Coverage of core synthetic biology products: synthetic genes, other DNA parts, chassis organisms, synthetic cells
• Coverage of enabling technologies: DNA sequencing, oligonucleotides, specialty media, bioinformatics
• Coverage of enabled technologies: biofuels, specialty chemicals, diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture 
• Analysis of the synthetic biology industry structure, competitors and intellectual property landscape
• An assessment of the products and technologies most commercially viable in the immediate and near-future time frame.
• Profiles of major players in the industry

Report Scope

The study scope includes core synthetic-biology products (synthetic genes, biobrick parts, delivery plasmids, chassis organisms, synthetic cells, production systems), enabling technologies (DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis and assembly, genome editing, bioinformatics and specialty media) and enabled technologies (biofuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agriculture) that are already commercialized or are forecast to be commercialized within the next five years.

We analyze key synthetic-biology technologies and products to determine present and future market status, and forecasted growth from 2016 through 2021. We also discuss strategic alliances, industry structures, competitive dynamics, patents and market driving forces.

BCC Research examines the synthetic-biology industry by market segment, including the following segments: DNA sequencing; DNA synthesis; genome editing; synthetic-biology foundries; industrial biotechnology; pharmaceuticals; and agriculture. The role of key strategic alliances and acquisitions from 2014 through 2016 is discussed. Emerging markets including synthetic genes, synthetic-biology-enabled drugs and vaccines, genome-edited crops, chassis organisms, as well as metabolically engineered factories for producing synthetic fuels and specialty chemicals are analyzed, and more than 135 companies in these fields are highlighted.

Analyst Credentials

John Bergin has produced successful and highly regarded market research reports in the life science industry for BCC research for more than 10 years. Mr. Bergin has held business development and international sales and marketing positions with Corning Inc., an advanced materials company. He has also held executive management positions with IBC Advanced Technologies, a molecular recognition company specializing in separations. Mr. Bergin's extensive expertise in commercializing new technologies is reflected in his market research reports. Mr. Bergin received a BS degree in Chemistry and Masters of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Brigham Young University and an MS degree in biotechnology from Johns Hopkins University. John Bergin is a pseudonym of the author.

The global synthetic biology market reached nearly $2.1 billion in 2012 and $2.7 billion in 2013. This market is expected to grow to $11.8 billion in 2018 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 34.4% over the five-year period from 2013 to 2018.

• An overview of the global market for synthetic biology.
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2012 and 2013, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2018.
• Information on the applications for synthetic biology including specialty chemicals, enzymes, synthetic genes and other DNA parts, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and chassis microorganisms.
• Comprehensive profiles of leading companies in the industry.

The global value of the synthetic biology market reached $1.1 billion in 2010. It is expected to reach $1.6 billion in 2011 and it will further grow to $10.8 billion by 2016, increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 45.8.%.

• The global market for synthetic biology generated $233.8 million in 2008. This is expected to increase to $2.4 billion in 2013, for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 59.8%.
• The chemicals and energy segment has the largest share of the market, worth $80.6 million in 2008. This should reach $1.6 billion in 2013, for a CAGR of 81.6%.
• The biotechnology and pharmaceuticals segment is the second-largest market segment, worth 80.3 million in 2008. This segment is projected to increase at a CAGR of 49.2% to reach $594 million in 2013.

Related Reports

Recent reports, top trending reports, next-generation sequencing: emerging clinical applications and global markets.

The global market for clinical applications of next-generation sequencing is estimated to increase from $21.9 billion in 2023 to reach $52.9 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.3% from 2023 through 2028.

Molecular Diagnostics: Technologies and Global Markets

The global molecular diagnostics market should reach $42.6 billion by 2026 from $17.6 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.3% for the forecast period of 2021 to 2026.

Global Markets for Enzyme Inhibitors

The global market for enzyme inhibitors should reach $179.9 billion by 2022 from $168 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.4%, from 2017 to 2022.

Global Biochip Markets: Microarrays and Lab-on-a-Chip

The global market for biochip products reached nearly $3.9 billion in 2014. This market is projected to grow from $4.7 billion in 2015 to $18.4 billion in 2020, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.6% between 2015 and 2020.

Exosome Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Research Tools: Global Markets

The global market for exosome diagnostics, therapeutics and research tools is estimated to increase from $227.5 million in 2023 to reach $1.3 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 42.2% from 2023 through 2028.

Peptide Synthesis: Global Markets

The global market for peptide synthesis is expected to grow from $90.1 billion in 2023 and projected to reach $157.5 billion by the end of 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8% during the forecast period of 2023 to 2028.

Oligonucleotides: Global Markets

The global market for oligonucleotides is expected to grow from $7.0 billion in 2023 and projected to reach $11.7 billion by the end of 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0% during the forecast period of 2023 to 2028.

Global Market for Cell and Gene Therapy

The global market for cell and gene therapy is expected to grow from $7.2 billion in 2023 and projected to reach $23.3 billion by the end of 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.4% during the forecast period of 2023 to 2028. 

Viral Vector and Plasmid DNA: Technologies and Global Markets

The global market for viral vector and plasmid DNA technologies is expected to grow from $2.9 billion in 2023 to $7.1 billion by the end of 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.7% from 2023 through 2028.

Cell and Gene Therapy Tools, and Reagents: Global Markets

The global market for cell and gene therapy tools and reagents is estimated to grow from $8.3 billion in 2022 to $13.7 billion in 2027, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.6% for the period of 2022-2027.

World Markets for Fermentation Ingredients

The global fermentation-derived fine chemicals market should reach $42.4 billion by 2027 from $32.0 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8% for the forecast period of 2022 to 2027.

Digital Pathology: Technologies and Global Markets

The global digital pathology market is estimated to increase from $5.9 billion in 2022 to reach $10.7 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% from 2022 through 2027.

Smartphone-Based Patient Monitoring: Global Market

The global smartphone-based patient monitoring market should reach $21.5 billion by 2027 from $6.8 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.9% for the forecast period of 2022 to 2027.

Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination

The global market for seawater and brackish water desalination is estimated to increase from $14.7 billion in 2022 to $21.7 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.1% from 2022 through 2027.

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• Oligonucleotide Synthesis

Oligonucleotide Synthesis Global Market Report 2024

• February 2024
• Region: Global
• The Business Research Company
• ID: 5939954
• Description

Table of Contents

Executive summary.

• Companies Mentioned

Methodology

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• The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
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• The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
• The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
• The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
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• The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
• The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.

Report Scope

Companies mentioned (partial list).

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

• Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
• Danaher Corporation
• GE HealthCare Technologies Inc.
• Eurofins Scientific SE
• Agilent Technologies Inc.
• Nitto Denko Avecia Inc.
• Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Maravai Life Sciences
• LGC Limited
• Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• GenScript Inc.
• Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services
• Sarepta Therapeutics Inc.
• Integrated DNA Technologies Inc.
• Twist Bioscience Corporation
• Eurogentec SA
• Kaneka Eurogentec S.A.
• Biocomma Limited
• Bio-Synthesis Inc.
• TriLink BioTechnologies Incorporated
• Generi Biotech s.r.o.
• ATDBio Ltd.
• BioAutomation Corporation
• Biolegio B.V.
• Dharmacon Research Inc.

Table Information

• Oligonucleotide

Global Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market by Product (Equipment, Linkers & Adaptor, Probes), Type (Custom, Pre-designed), Application, End-User - Forecast 2024-2030

•  Report

Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028

• November 2023

Global Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product & Service (Oligonucleotides, Equipment/Synthesizer), Application (PCR Primers, PCR Assays & Panels), Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2024-2030

• January 2024

Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market: Trends, Opportunities and Competitive Analysis 2023-2028

• August 2023

Oligonucleotide Synthesis: Global Strategic Business Report

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How to Synthesize Written Information from Multiple Sources

Shona McCombes

Content Manager

B.A., English Literature, University of Glasgow

Shona McCombes is the content manager at Scribbr, Netherlands.

Learn about our Editorial Process

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

On This Page:

When you write a literature review or essay, you have to go beyond just summarizing the articles you’ve read – you need to synthesize the literature to show how it all fits together (and how your own research fits in).

Synthesizing simply means combining. Instead of summarizing the main points of each source in turn, you put together the ideas and findings of multiple sources in order to make an overall point.

At the most basic level, this involves looking for similarities and differences between your sources. Your synthesis should show the reader where the sources overlap and where they diverge.

Unsynthesized Example

Franz (2008) studied undergraduate online students. He looked at 17 females and 18 males and found that none of them liked APA. According to Franz, the evidence suggested that all students are reluctant to learn citations style. Perez (2010) also studies undergraduate students. She looked at 42 females and 50 males and found that males were significantly more inclined to use citation software ( p < .05). Findings suggest that females might graduate sooner. Goldstein (2012) looked at British undergraduates. Among a sample of 50, all females, all confident in their abilities to cite and were eager to write their dissertations.

Synthesized Example

Studies of undergraduate students reveal conflicting conclusions regarding relationships between advanced scholarly study and citation efficacy. Although Franz (2008) found that no participants enjoyed learning citation style, Goldstein (2012) determined in a larger study that all participants watched felt comfortable citing sources, suggesting that variables among participant and control group populations must be examined more closely. Although Perez (2010) expanded on Franz’s original study with a larger, more diverse sample…

Step 1: Organize your sources

After collecting the relevant literature, you’ve got a lot of information to work through, and no clear idea of how it all fits together.

Before you can start writing, you need to organize your notes in a way that allows you to see the relationships between sources.

One way to begin synthesizing the literature is to put your notes into a table. Depending on your topic and the type of literature you’re dealing with, there are a couple of different ways you can organize this.

Summary table

A summary table collates the key points of each source under consistent headings. This is a good approach if your sources tend to have a similar structure – for instance, if they’re all empirical papers.

Each row in the table lists one source, and each column identifies a specific part of the source. You can decide which headings to include based on what’s most relevant to the literature you’re dealing with.

For example, you might include columns for things like aims, methods, variables, population, sample size, and conclusion.

For each study, you briefly summarize each of these aspects. You can also include columns for your own evaluation and analysis.

The summary table gives you a quick overview of the key points of each source. This allows you to group sources by relevant similarities, as well as noticing important differences or contradictions in their findings.

Synthesis matrix

A synthesis matrix is useful when your sources are more varied in their purpose and structure – for example, when you’re dealing with books and essays making various different arguments about a topic.

Each column in the table lists one source. Each row is labeled with a specific concept, topic or theme that recurs across all or most of the sources.

Then, for each source, you summarize the main points or arguments related to the theme.

The purposes of the table is to identify the common points that connect the sources, as well as identifying points where they diverge or disagree.

Step 2: Outline your structure

Now you should have a clear overview of the main connections and differences between the sources you’ve read. Next, you need to decide how you’ll group them together and the order in which you’ll discuss them.

For shorter papers, your outline can just identify the focus of each paragraph; for longer papers, you might want to divide it into sections with headings.

There are a few different approaches you can take to help you structure your synthesis.

If your sources cover a broad time period, and you found patterns in how researchers approached the topic over time, you can organize your discussion chronologically .

That doesn’t mean you just summarize each paper in chronological order; instead, you should group articles into time periods and identify what they have in common, as well as signalling important turning points or developments in the literature.

If the literature covers various different topics, you can organize it thematically .

That means that each paragraph or section focuses on a specific theme and explains how that theme is approached in the literature.

Source Used with Permission: The Chicago School

If you’re drawing on literature from various different fields or they use a wide variety of research methods, you can organize your sources methodologically .

That means grouping together studies based on the type of research they did and discussing the findings that emerged from each method.

If your topic involves a debate between different schools of thought, you can organize it theoretically .

That means comparing the different theories that have been developed and grouping together papers based on the position or perspective they take on the topic, as well as evaluating which arguments are most convincing.

Step 3: Write paragraphs with topic sentences

What sets a synthesis apart from a summary is that it combines various sources. The easiest way to think about this is that each paragraph should discuss a few different sources, and you should be able to condense the overall point of the paragraph into one sentence.

This is called a topic sentence , and it usually appears at the start of the paragraph. The topic sentence signals what the whole paragraph is about; every sentence in the paragraph should be clearly related to it.

A topic sentence can be a simple summary of the paragraph’s content:

“Early research on [x] focused heavily on [y].”

For an effective synthesis, you can use topic sentences to link back to the previous paragraph, highlighting a point of debate or critique:

“Several scholars have pointed out the flaws in this approach.” “While recent research has attempted to address the problem, many of these studies have methodological flaws that limit their validity.”

By using topic sentences, you can ensure that your paragraphs are coherent and clearly show the connections between the articles you are discussing.

As you write your paragraphs, avoid quoting directly from sources: use your own words to explain the commonalities and differences that you found in the literature.

Don’t try to cover every single point from every single source – the key to synthesizing is to extract the most important and relevant information and combine it to give your reader an overall picture of the state of knowledge on your topic.

Step 4: Revise, edit and proofread

Like any other piece of academic writing, synthesizing literature doesn’t happen all in one go – it involves redrafting, revising, editing and proofreading your work.

Checklist for Synthesis

•   Do I introduce the paragraph with a clear, focused topic sentence?
•   Do I discuss more than one source in the paragraph?
•   Do I mention only the most relevant findings, rather than describing every part of the studies?
•   Do I discuss the similarities or differences between the sources, rather than summarizing each source in turn?
•   Do I put the findings or arguments of the sources in my own words?
•   Is the paragraph organized around a single idea?
•   Is the paragraph directly relevant to my research question or topic?
•   Is there a logical transition from this paragraph to the next one?

Further Information

How to Synthesise: a Step-by-Step Approach

Help…I”ve Been Asked to Synthesize!

Learn how to Synthesise (combine information from sources)

How to write a Psychology Essay

Industry Research Reports

Global Gene Synthesis Market Research Report 2023

Industry: Medical Care

Published: 2023-06-09

Pages: 85 Pages

Report ld: 904249

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Global Gene Synthesis Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2031

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Market Size in USD Billion

CAGR - 22.90 %

Global Gene Synthesis Market, By Component (Synthesizer, Consumables, and Software and Services), Gene Type (Standard Gene, Express Gene, Complex Gene and Others), Gene Synthesis Type (Gene Library Synthesis, and Custom Gene Synthesis), Application (Synthetic Biology, Genetic Engineering, Vaccine Design, Therapeutics Antibodies, and Others), Method (Solid Phase Synthesis, Chip-Based DNA Synthesis, and PCR-Based Enzyme Synthesis), End User (Academic and Research Institutes, Diagnostics Laboratories, Biotech and Pharmaceutical Companies, and Others), Distribution Channel (Direct Tender, Online Distribution, and Third Party Distributors) – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2031.

Gene Synthesis Market Analysis and Size

In agricultural biotechnology, the gene synthesis market plays a vital role in enhancing crop traits and improving agricultural productivity. Through gene synthesis, researchers engineer genetic modifications in crops to confer desirable traits such as pest resistance, drought tolerance, and increased yield. This technology enables the development of genetically modified (GM) crops with improved traits, addressing challenges such as crop diseases, environmental stresses, and food scarcity. Gene synthesis facilitates the rapid and precise introduction of beneficial genes into crop genomes, accelerating the breeding process and enabling the creation of crops better suited to modern agricultural needs.

For Instance,

According NCBI, The development of various DNA markers since the introduction of molecular marker technologies such as RFLP and PCR in 1980 has revolutionized biology research. DNA markers such as RAPD, SNP, AFLP, and SRAP offer greater information content and polymorphism compared to traditional markers. They are versatile tools widely utilized in agricultural biotechnology for tasks such as identifying crop varieties, conserving and evaluating plant germplasm, analyzing genetic diversity and evolution, constructing genetic maps, and facilitating molecular marker-assisted breeding.

Global gene synthesis market size was valued at USD 2.65 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 13.79 billion by 2031, with a CAGR of 22.90% during the forecast period of 2024 to 2031. In addition to the insights on market scenarios such as market value, growth rate, segmentation, geographical coverage, and major players, the market reports curated by the Data Bridge Market Research also include depth expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, pricing analysis, and regulatory framework.

Gene Synthesis Market Scope and Segmentation  

Market Definition

Gene synthesis is the artificial creation of DNA sequences, typically using chemical methods or automated DNA synthesis machines. It allows researchers to design and produce custom DNA molecules with specific sequences, enabling the study of gene function, protein expression, and genetic engineering.

Gene Synthesis Market Dynamics

• Growing Integrated DNA Technologies Leads to the Rise in Demand for Gene Synthesis Services

IDT gene blocks are customized DNA fragments synthesized to precise specifications, offering researchers a versatile tool for molecular biology applications. IDT's reputation for high-quality synthesis, reliability, and customization capabilities attracts researchers across various disciplines, fueling demand for gene synthesis services. The ease of ordering, quick turnaround times, and competitive pricing of IDT gene blocks enhance their appeal, contributing to market growth. Moreover, their compatibility with a wide range of downstream applications, including PCR, cloning, and gene expression studies, solidifies their position as a preferred choice among researchers and drives the expansion of the gene synthesis market.

In September 2023, Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) announced the launch of xGen products tailored for Ultima Genomics , marking a significant advancement in the gene synthesis market. This strategic move aligns with IDT's commitment to innovation and customization, catering to the evolving needs of researchers in molecular biology. The introduction of xGen products for Ultima Genomics underscores IDT's dedication to providing cutting-edge solutions, further solidifying its position as a key driver of gene synthesis market growth. Researchers can now leverage these specialized products to enhance their molecular biology workflows, thereby amplifying demand for IDT's gene synthesis services and contributing to market expansion.

• Increasing Research Activities Promotes the Synthetic Genes Across Diverse Fields

As research endeavors expand in areas such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and healthcare, there arises a greater need for customized genetic materials for various applications, including drug development, genetic engineering, and disease modeling. The exploration of novel gene functions, pathways, and therapeutic targets necessitates efficient gene synthesis services and products. The market experiences growth spurred by the continuous quest for innovative solutions and discoveries in biotechnology and life sciences, driving the adoption of gene synthesis technologies.

The laboratory's development of an improved device for segmented synthesis of oligonucleotides, as reported by NCBI, aligns with the increasing research activities driving the usage of gene synthesis. This innovation promises to significantly enhance the speed and efficiency of gene synthesis processes. Simultaneously synthesizing up to 100 different DNA sequences using porous Teflon wafers, the new device offers a step-change in synthesis capability, achieving comparable coupling efficiency to current automated methods while utilizing substantially fewer reagents. Such advancements underscore the continuous quest for innovation in gene synthesis technologies, contributing to the market's growth and adoption.

Opportunities

• Rising Healthcare Expenditure Results in Increased Improving Patient Outcomes

As healthcare spending increases globally, there is a growing emphasis on precision medicine and personalized therapies, which often rely on custom-designed synthetic genes. Gene synthesis enables the development of tailored treatments for various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders, driving its adoption in clinical research and therapeutics. Moreover, as healthcare systems seek cost-effective solutions and innovative approaches to address complex medical challenges and gene synthesis price, offers a promising avenue for advancing precision healthcare and improving patient outcomes.

• Expansion of Synthetic Biology Increasing Demand for Custom-Designed DNA Constructs

As synthetic biology techniques advance, there is an increasing demand for custom-designed DNA constructs and synthetic genes to enable the engineering of biological systems for various applications. This includes the development of novel therapeutics, sustainable bio-manufacturing processes, and agricultural improvements. Gene synthesis companies stand to benefit from this growing demand by providing tailored solutions to researchers and industries seeking to leverage synthetic biology for innovation and problem-solving. The flexibility and scalability of gene synthesis technologies position market players to capitalize on the expanding landscape of synthetic biology applications, driving further growth and opportunity in the gene synthesis market.

Restraints/Challenges

• High Competition within the Medical Technology Industry Limits the Adoption of Gene Synthesis Technology

As medical technology companies compete for market share and innovation, they may prioritize investment in other areas over gene synthesis research and development. This intense competition can limit the resources available to gene synthesis companies, hindering their ability to innovate, expand, and differentiate their offerings. Established players in the medical technology sector may have existing relationships and market dominance, making it challenging for gene synthesis companies to penetrate the market and gain traction. The gene synthesis market may face obstacles in achieving widespread adoption and growth amidst the competitive landscape of the medical technology industry.

• Complexity Technical Challenges Inherent in Gene Synthesis results in Achieving High-Quality

Despite advancements, issues such as error rates, sequence fidelity, and scalability persist, posing hurdles to widespread adoption. Achieving high-quality synthesized DNA sequences, especially for longer or complex sequences, requires sophisticated synthesis platforms and expertise, which may limit accessibility for smaller research institutions or companies. The need for stringent quality control measures to ensure accuracy and reliability further adds to the complexity and cost of gene synthesis services, hindering market growth and adoption in certain contexts.

This market report provides details of new recent developments, trade regulations, import-export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimization, market share, impact of domestic and localized market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, strategic market growth analysis, market size, category market growths, application niches and dominance, product approvals, product launches, geographic expansions, technological innovations in the market. To gain more info on the market contact Data Bridge Market Research for an Analyst Brief, our team will help you take an informed market decision to achieve market growth.

Recent Developments

• In 2023, Twist Bioscience and Astellas initiated a collaborative effort in multitarget antibody discovery research, leveraging Twist's synthetic DNA technology to advance antibody development for therapeutic applications
• In 2022, GenScript collaborated with Avectas to enhance nonviral cell therapy manufacturing processes, aiming to streamline and improve the efficiency of cell therapy production, potentially leading to advancements in personalized medicine
• In 2020, Twist Bioscience expanded its product portfolio by introducing clonalready gene fragments, offering researchers versatile tools for gene cloning and expression studies. This innovation enhances efficiency in protein expression pathways, enzyme engineering, and gene expression research. Additionally, a study published in an ACS journal highlighted the pressing need for improved cancer coverage worldwide, with millions of new cases and deaths underscoring the urgency for enhanced cancer detection and treatment initiatives

Gene Synthesis Market Scope

The market is segmented into component, gene type, gene synthesis type, application, method, end user, and distribution channel. The growth amongst these segments will help you analyze meager growth segments in the industries and provide the users with a valuable market overview and market insights to make strategic decisions to identify core market applications.

• Synthesizers
• Consumables
• Software and Services
• Standard Gene
• Express Gene
• Complex Gene

Gene Synthesis Type

• Gene Library Synthesis
• Custom gene Synthesis

Application

• Synthetic Biology
• Genetic Engineering,
• Vaccine Design
• Therapeutics Antibodies
• Solid Based Synthesis
• Chip-Based DNA Synthesis
• PCR-Based Enzyme Synthesis
• Academic and Research Institutes
• Diagnostics Laboratories
• Biotech and Pharmaceutical Companies

Distribution Channel

• Direct Tender
• Online Distribution
• Third party Distributors

Gene Synthesis Market Regional Analysis/Insights

The market is analyzed, and market size insights and trends are provided by the country, component, gene type, gene synthesis type, application, method, end user, and distribution channel, as referenced above.

The countries covered in the market report are U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America as part of South America.

North America dominates the gene synthesis market, both in terms of market share and revenue, a trend expected to persist into the foreseeable future. This dominance is fueled by a growing demand for robust verification and validation processes within gene synthesis, particularly within the region's thriving research and development landscape. The emphasis on stringent quality control measures and the rapid pace of scientific advancement further bolster the market's growth trajectory in North America.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as down-stream and upstream value chain analysis, technical trends and porter's five forces analysis, case studies are some of the pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, the presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of domestic tariffs and trade routes are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

Healthcare Infrastructure Growth Installed base and New Technology Penetration

The market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in healthcare expenditure for capital equipment, installed base of different kind of products for market, impact of technology using life line curves and changes in healthcare regulatory scenarios and their impact on the market. The data is available for historic period 2016-2021.

Competitive Landscape and Gene Synthesis Market Analysis

The market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies' focus related to market.

Some of the major players operating in the market are:

• ATDBio Ltd (U.K.)
• General Biosystems, Inc.  (U.S.)
• MACROGEN CO., LTD.  (South Korea)
• Boster Biological Technology  (U.S.)
• Creative Biogene  (U.S.)
• Bioneer Pacific  (South Korea)
• exonbio  (U.S.)
• trenzyme GmbH  (Germany)
• Twist Bioscience  (U.S.)
• BioCat GmbH (Germany)
• OriGene Technologies, Inc.  (U.S.)
• Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (U.S.)
• Eurofins Scientific  (Luxembourg)
• NZYTech (Portugal)
• Ansa Biotechnologies (U.S.)
• Thermo Fisher Scientific  Inc. (U.S.)
• Genescript  (U.S.)
• Synbio Technologies  (U.S.)
• Proteogenix  (France)
• Bio Basic Inc.  (Canada)
• ATG:biosynthetics GmbH  (Germany)
• Merck KGaA  (Germany)
• Kaneka Eurogentec S.A  (Belgium)
• Ginkgo Bioworks  (U.S.)
• Evonetix  (U.K.)
• ProMab (U.S.)
• GCC Biotech (INDIA) Pvt. Ltd.  (India)
• CSBio  (U.S.)
• Azenta US, Inc.  (U.S.)

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Global DNA Synthesis Market Report By Service Type (Oligonucleotide Synthesis (Universal Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Custom Oligonucleotide Synthesis), Gene Synthesis (Custom Gene Synthesis, Gene Library Synthesis)), By Application (Research And Development, Diagnostics, Therapeutics), By End-use (Biopharmaceutical Companies, Academic And Research Institutes, Contract Research Organizations) And By Regions - Industry Trends, Size, Share, Growth, Estimation and Forecast, 2023-2032

The global demand for DNA Synthesis Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 33.19 BN by 2030 from USD 6.44 BN in 2022 with a CAGR of 22.75% under the study period 2023 - 2030. DNA synthesis refers to the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through DNA replication. Deoxynucleic acids (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine) are linked together to form DNA. DNA is a macromolecule made by nucleotide units which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in a recurring structure. They are synthesized with the help of genetic engineering and enzyme chemistry in the lab. DNA synthesis occurs in eukaryotes, prokaryotes as well as viruses. DNA synthesis are used for a variety of applications including diagnostic, therapeutic and industrial research etc. 

Market Dynamics

The demand for DNA synthesis is driven by the rising adoption of gene therapy and increasing requirement for gene synthesis products. Synthetic biology segment is the major dominant segment contributing to the growth of DNA synthesis in the market. In addition, Different end use industries of oligonucleotide synthesis and gene synthesis such as antibody discovery, immunology, infectious diseases, food science and synthetic biology are surging the demand for this market. Moreover, continuous advancement and innovation in technology along with increasing research and development activities related to gene synthesis are boosting the demand for this market. Conversely, the extended time for approval for products synthesized may obstruct the growth of the DNA synthesis market. The research report covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of dna synthesis. The growth and trends of dna synthesis industry provide a holistic approach to this study. 

Market Segmentation

This section of the dna synthesis market report provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.  By Service Type

• Oligonucleotide Synthesis (Universal Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Custom Oligonucleotide Synthesis)
• Gene Synthesis (Custom Gene Synthesis, Gene Library Synthesis)

By Application

• Research And Development
• Diagnostics
• Therapeutics
• Biopharmaceutical Companies
• Academic And Research Institutes
• Contract Research Organizations

Regional Analysis

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the DNA Synthesis market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the report focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

Global DNA Synthesis Market Share by Region (Representative Graph)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about this Report

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Global Synthesis Reactor Market Report 2024

Synthesis Reactor Market Report 2024 (Global Edition)

Delivery Includes:- Market Timeline 2019 till 2031, Market Size, Revenue/Volume Share, Forecast and CAGR, Competitor Analysis, Regional Analysis, Country Analysis, Segment Analysis, Market Trends, Drivers, Opportunities, Restraints, ESG Analysis, Porters Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, Market Attractiveness, Patent Analysis, Technological Trend, SWOT Analysis, COVID-19 Analysis, Consumer Behavior Analysis, etc.

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Global Synthesis Reactor Market Report 2024 Market Size Split by, Type (Microwave Synthesis Reactor, Hydrothermal Synthesis Reactor), Application (Chemical Industry, Research, Other)

"Global Synthesis Reactor market size 2023 was XX Million. Synthesis Reactor Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2024 till 2031."

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Synthesis Reactor Market Report Description

Market Dynamics such as Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, Trends data

Synthesis Reactor Industry Dynamics

• What is driving the Synthesis Reactor Industry Growth? : The key factors which influence the overall sales demand for Synthesis Reactor Industry in a positive way. Market drivers help you understand the impact on market growth. With this information, you can predict how said market is likely to grow in the coming year. 
• What are Restraints for Synthesis Reactor Market Growth? : Restraints are the negative factors which hinder the market growth and development in the near future. Some of the restraining factors including strict government regulations, supply chain disruptions, changing consumer preference are affecting the market growth in the near future. For example, the outburst of COVID-19 affected most industries. Restraining factors are important to analyse on account of companies can develop strategies to overcome their negative impact on the growth of the market.
• What are Opportunities available for Synthesis Reactor Market growth?: Market opportunities are expected to open up growth window for the new entrants in the market. It helps to understand unmet needs or an untapped potential in the market.
• 2023 Trends of Synthesis Reactor Market : (This information will be part of the paid report version.)

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Top Companies in Synthesis Reactor Market

Competitive Landscape includes company profiling of the key manufacturers listed below. It also provides the key developments such as new product launches, expansion, mergers & acquisitions, partnerships, agreements, joint ventures, business overview, key strategies and financial analysis associated with the key players. Strategy implemented to overcome the COVID-19 Impact will be discussed in the report scope. Key players Financials includes Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin (%) and Market Share (%) (2018- 2022), S.W.O.T Analysis, (To read more request the sample pages Or speak to analyst/author directly).

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Synthesis Reactor Market Analysis

Global Synthesis Reactor Market Report 2024 Edition talks about crucial market insights with the help of segments and sub-segments analysis. In this section, we reveal an in-depth analysis of the key factors influencing Synthesis Reactor Industry growth. Synthesis Reactor market has been segmented with the help of its Type, Application , and others. Synthesis Reactor market analysis helps to understand key industry segments, and their global, regional, and country-level insights. Furthermore, this analysis also provides information pertaining to segments that are going to be most lucrative in the near future and their expected growth rate and future market opportunities. The report also provides detailed insights into factors responsible for the positive or negative growth of each industry segment.

Type Segment Analysis of Synthesis Reactor Market

Based on present and future trends, the market size is estimated from 2018 to 2030. Moreover, study also provides quantitative and qualitative analysis of each type to understand the driving factors for the fastest growing type segment for Synthesis Reactor market.

• Microwave Synthesis Reactor
• Hydrothermal Synthesis Reactor

Synthesis Reactor Market Share (%) by Type in 2019-2031

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Application Segment Analysis of Synthesis Reactor Market

This report forecasts revenue growth at the global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends and opportunities for each application of Synthesis Reactor from 2018 to 2030. This will also help to analyze the demand for Synthesis Reactor across different end-use industries. Our research team will also help acquire additional data such as Value Chain, Patent analysis, Company Evaluation Quadrant (Matrix), and much more confidential analysis and data insights.

• Chemical Industry

Synthesis Reactor Market Share (%) by Application in 2019-2031

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Synthesis Reactor Market Regional Analysis

Region and country analysis section of Synthesis Reactor Industry Analysis has been segmented into 5 major region such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa ,and Latin America (along with respective major contributing countries) and provides the revenue share, current trends.

The base years considered for all the estimations by analyzing trends and growth rate will help you gain an in-depth understanding of the conclusions provided in this report. This report also includes figures, graphs, pie charts, tables and bar graphs that explain the data analysis based on current trends at the country level as well as key regions. This research report also focuses on assessing factors such as profit, product price, capacity, production, supply demand market growth rate along with others to create a clear picture on the future prospects of Synthesis Reactor market.

• North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
• Europe (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium)
• Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Rest of APAC)
• South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Rest of South America)
• Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nigeria, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, GCC Countries, Rest of MEA)

Synthesis Reactor Market Share (%) by Region (2019-2031)

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Latest News about Synthesis Reactor Market

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Industry segmentation can be altred as per your needs. For example, we can proivde cross slipt between Microwave Synthesis Reactor with Application, , additional country analysis, volume/consumption data, etc.

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Published January 1, 2023      Number of Pages:250+ Report Format: PDF | PPT | Excel | Word | Bi

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Research methodology implemented by author.

• 1.1 Synthesis Reactor Market Report 2024 Research Methodology
• 1.2.1 Primary Research for Synthesis Reactor Market
• 1.2.1.1 Key Data from Primary
• 1.2.1.2 Primary Interviews with Experts
• 1.2.1.3 Key Industry Insights
• 1.2.1.4 Questionnaire for Synthesis Reactor Market
• 1.2.1.5 Breakdown of Primaries
• 1.2.2 Secondary Research for Synthesis Reactor Market
• 1.2.2.1 Key Data from Secondary
• 1.2.2.2 Paid Sources
• 1.2.2.3 Public Sources
• 1.3.1.1 Analyzing Market Size by Top-Down Approach (Supply Side)
• 1.3.2.1 Analyzing Market Size by Bottom-Up Approach (Demand Side)
• 1.4 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
• 1.5 Research Assumptions for Synthesis Reactor Market

Author's Detail

Senior Research Analyst at Cognitive Market Research

Catering to tailored needs of clients in Consulting, Business Intelligence, Market Research, Forecasting, Matrix-Modelling, Data Analytics, Competitive Intelligence, Primary research and Consumer Insights.

Catering to tailored needs of clients in Consulting, Business Intelligence, Market Research, Forecasting, Matrix-Modelling, Data Analytics, Competitive Intelligence, Primary research and Consumer Insights. Experience in analyzing current trends, market demand, market assessment, growth indicators, competitors' strategy, etc. to help top management & investors to make strategic and tactical decisions in the form of market reports and presentations. Successfully delivered more than 500+ client & consulting assignments across verticals. Ability to work independently as well as with a team with confidence and ease.

I am committed to continuous learning and staying at the forefront of emerging trends in research and analytics. Regularly engaging in professional development opportunities, including workshops and conferences, keeps my skill set sharp and up-to-date. I spearheaded research initiatives focused on market trends and competitive landscapes. I have a proven track record of conducting thorough analyses, distilling key insights, and presenting findings in a way that resonates with diverse stakeholders. Through collaboration with cross-functional teams, I played a pivotal role in shaping business strategies rooted in robust research.

Author's Conclusion

Our study will explain complete manufacturing process along with major raw materials required to manufacture end-product. This report helps to make effective decisions determining product position and will assist you to understand opportunities and threats around the globe.

The Global Synthesis Reactor Market is witnessing significant growth in the near future.

In 2023, the Microwave Synthesis Reactor segment accounted for noticeable share of global Synthesis Reactor Market and is projected to experience significant growth in the near future.

The Chemical Industry segment is expected to expand at the significant CAGR retaining position throughout the forecast period.

Some of the key companies Anton Paar GmbH, Universitat Innsbruck and others are focusing on its strategy building model to strengthen its product portfolio and expand its business in the global market.

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Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Research Report 2024(Status and Outlook)

• Table of Contents
• Description
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1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope 1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Synthesis Caffeine 1.2 Key Market Segments 1.2.1 Synthesis Caffeine Segment by Type 1.2.2 Synthesis Caffeine Segment by Application 1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information 1.3.1 Research Methodology 1.3.2 Research Process 1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 1.3.4 Base Year 1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats 2 Synthesis Caffeine Market Overview 2.1 Global Market Overview 2.1.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030) 2.1.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030) 2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary 2.3 Global Market Size by Region 3 Synthesis Caffeine Market Competitive Landscape 3.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) 3.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024) 3.3 Synthesis Caffeine Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 3.4 Global Synthesis Caffeine Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024) 3.5 Manufacturers Synthesis Caffeine Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type 3.6 Synthesis Caffeine Market Competitive Situation and Trends 3.6.1 Synthesis Caffeine Market Concentration Rate 3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Synthesis Caffeine Players Market Share by Revenue 3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 4 Synthesis Caffeine Industry Chain Analysis 4.1 Synthesis Caffeine Industry Chain Analysis 4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials 4.3 Midstream Market Analysis 4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis 5 The Development and Dynamics of Synthesis Caffeine Market 5.1 Key Development Trends 5.2 Driving Factors 5.3 Market Challenges 5.4 Market Restraints 5.5 Industry News 5.5.1 New Product Developments 5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions 5.5.3 Expansions 5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts 5.6 Industry Policies 6 Synthesis Caffeine Market Segmentation by Type 6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type) 6.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024) 6.3 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024) 6.4 Global Synthesis Caffeine Price by Type (2019-2024) 7 Synthesis Caffeine Market Segmentation by Application 7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application) 7.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Sales by Application (2019-2024) 7.3 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024) 7.4 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024) 8 Synthesis Caffeine Market Segmentation by Region 8.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Region 8.1.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Region 8.1.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales Market Share by Region 8.2 North America 8.2.1 North America Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Country 8.2.2 U.S. 8.2.3 Canada 8.2.4 Mexico 8.3 Europe 8.3.1 Europe Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Country 8.3.2 Germany 8.3.3 France 8.3.4 U.K. 8.3.5 Italy 8.3.6 Russia 8.4 Asia Pacific 8.4.1 Asia Pacific Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Region 8.4.2 China 8.4.3 Japan 8.4.4 South Korea 8.4.5 India 8.4.6 Southeast Asia 8.5 South America 8.5.1 South America Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Country 8.5.2 Brazil 8.5.3 Argentina 8.5.4 Columbia 8.6 Middle East and Africa 8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Synthesis Caffeine Sales by Region 8.6.2 Saudi Arabia 8.6.3 UAE 8.6.4 Egypt 8.6.5 Nigeria 8.6.6 South Africa 9 Key Companies Profile 9.1 CSPC 9.1.1 CSPC Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.1.2 CSPC Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.1.3 CSPC Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.1.4 CSPC Business Overview 9.1.5 CSPC Synthesis Caffeine SWOT Analysis 9.1.6 CSPC Recent Developments 9.2 BASF 9.2.1 BASF Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.2.2 BASF Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.2.3 BASF Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.2.4 BASF Business Overview 9.2.5 BASF Synthesis Caffeine SWOT Analysis 9.2.6 BASF Recent Developments 9.3 Shandong Xinhua 9.3.1 Shandong Xinhua Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.3.2 Shandong Xinhua Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.3.3 Shandong Xinhua Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.3.4 Shandong Xinhua Synthesis Caffeine SWOT Analysis 9.3.5 Shandong Xinhua Business Overview 9.3.6 Shandong Xinhua Recent Developments 9.4 Kudos Chemie Limited 9.4.1 Kudos Chemie Limited Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.4.2 Kudos Chemie Limited Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.4.3 Kudos Chemie Limited Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.4.4 Kudos Chemie Limited Business Overview 9.4.5 Kudos Chemie Limited Recent Developments 9.5 Aarti Healthcare 9.5.1 Aarti Healthcare Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.5.2 Aarti Healthcare Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.5.3 Aarti Healthcare Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.5.4 Aarti Healthcare Business Overview 9.5.5 Aarti Healthcare Recent Developments 9.6 Zhongan Pharmaceutical 9.6.1 Zhongan Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.6.2 Zhongan Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.6.3 Zhongan Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.6.4 Zhongan Pharmaceutical Business Overview 9.6.5 Zhongan Pharmaceutical Recent Developments 9.7 Jilin Shulan 9.7.1 Jilin Shulan Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.7.2 Jilin Shulan Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.7.3 Jilin Shulan Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.7.4 Jilin Shulan Business Overview 9.7.5 Jilin Shulan Recent Developments 9.8 Youhua Pharmaceutical 9.8.1 Youhua Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.8.2 Youhua Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.8.3 Youhua Pharmaceutical Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.8.4 Youhua Pharmaceutical Business Overview 9.8.5 Youhua Pharmaceutical Recent Developments 9.9 Spectrum Chemical 9.9.1 Spectrum Chemical Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.9.2 Spectrum Chemical Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.9.3 Spectrum Chemical Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.9.4 Spectrum Chemical Business Overview 9.9.5 Spectrum Chemical Recent Developments 9.10 Bakul Group 9.10.1 Bakul Group Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.10.2 Bakul Group Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.10.3 Bakul Group Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.10.4 Bakul Group Business Overview 9.10.5 Bakul Group Recent Developments 9.11 Taj Pharmaceuticals 9.11.1 Taj Pharmaceuticals Synthesis Caffeine Basic Information 9.11.2 Taj Pharmaceuticals Synthesis Caffeine Product Overview 9.11.3 Taj Pharmaceuticals Synthesis Caffeine Product Market Performance 9.11.4 Taj Pharmaceuticals Business Overview 9.11.5 Taj Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments 10 Synthesis Caffeine Market Forecast by Region 10.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Forecast 10.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Forecast by Region 10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.2 Europe Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.3 Asia Pacific Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Forecast by Region 10.2.4 South America Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Forecast by Country 10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Synthesis Caffeine by Country 11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030) 11.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030) 11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Synthesis Caffeine by Type (2025-2030) 11.1.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) 11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Synthesis Caffeine by Type (2025-2030) 11.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030) 11.2.1 Global Synthesis Caffeine Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application 11.2.2 Global Synthesis Caffeine Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030) 12 Conclusion and Key Findings

Global Caffeine Market Research Report 2024(Status and Outlook)

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Atlanta Real Estate Market | Office Market Report 2024 Q1

Leasing and Sales Activity Provide Positive Signals in Atlanta

Atlanta’s office market continues to adapt to the modern workplace. Net absorption stayed negative but has moderated from record lows in the middle of 2023. Overall leasing activity accelerated in the first quarter with Class A product leading the way, reinforcing tenants’ preference for high-quality space. Leases signed for Class A space accounted for over two thirds of all leasing activity, outperforming its 57% share of total inventory. The investment environment remains volatile but sales activity during the quarter is a potential sign that pricing has bottomed out for opportunistic investors and owner-occupiers.

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