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The Sigiriya I saw-(මා දුටු සීගිරිය)

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Ma Dutu Sigiriya sinhala essay

The fort built by King Kasyapa to see the enemies in the distance. These paintings show the world the talent of the designers in our country. Those who were fascinated by the paintings wrote many graffiti songs on the mirror wall. The water and pipelines around it amaze even today’s engineers. The ruins of the royal palace on top of that can still be seen today. This place is always full of tourists visiting Sigiriya. Fathima Fahima Kaleel Mansoor, Grade 6 B / Vishakha Girl High School Badhulla

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Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka

2018, Orientations

Inscribed today on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, Sigiriya, an archaeological site in central Sri Lanka, may be one of the oldest gardens known in Asia. The late antique (4th–7th century) remains of buildings, zoomorphic architecture and rock paintings upon its central outcrop have elicited interpretation since the late 19th century (Figs 1 and 2). Sigiriya was thought to be a palace complex, and the art historian Ananda Coomaraswamy likened its paintings to the Gupta period (c. 320–550 CE) cave paintings at Ajanta in India (Coomaraswamy, 1971, p. 163).

Related Papers

Jinadasa katupotha

Sigiriya Managing Heritage with Community

Jagath Weerasinghe

The history of archaeology at Sigiriya, in its antiquarian manifestation that worked with the notions of discovery and adventure, began in the mid-19 th century with the adventures of European explorers. The published travelogues of Major Jonathan Forbes on the island 1 are an early example of this. A century later, by the mid-decades of the 20 th century, Sigiriya had begun to permeate and play a vital role in the shaping of the historical consciousness of modern Sri Lankans. The migration of the idea of Sigiriya, and other similar sites that the adventurous colonial explorers first brought into the discourse of discovery from ruined wild places, and then to the discourse of archaeology and heritage, over time, registered the notions of the ancient glory of the Sinhalese, with nationalist rhetoric that fueled anti-colonial sentiments. The colonial discourse of "discovery", bolstered by authoritative English-language publications on Sigiriya and other such sites, ensured this migration and persisted throughout the 20 th century, first by colonial archaeologists and then by their brown descendants as an integral component of the discipline of archaeology 2 .

The conditions that affect the heritage management of archaeological sites in Sri Lanka arise from two interrelated but distinct histories. One has its roots in the colonial legacy of Sri Lankan archaeology, and the other in the populist-nationalist politics that draw rhetorical strength from archaeology and history. In this setting, "heritage" 1 means religion and ethnic identity. In a word, ethnonationalist. Since its inception in the late 19th century and its engagement in Anuradhapura, the Archaeological Survey Department of Ceylon (now the Department of Archaeology) had to negotiate the idea of heritage and "sacred site." The demands by Buddhist devotees, led by Walisinha Harishchandra in the early 1900s, that confronted the Archaeological Survey Department in the historic city of Anuradhapura was a struggle between colonial archaeology and the idea of heritage. Buddhists urged that the living characteristics of historic Buddhist sites be taken into account in their preservation 2. These early-twentieth-century clashes with colonial archaeology had long-lasting consequences for the country's post-colonial politics. The ancient city of Anuradhapura, thus acquiring a wealth of historical truths through colonial archaeology, and having been co-opted in a nationalist discourse, pitched by Harishchandra, that showed a particular kind of anti-colonial sentiments 3 , became the treasured historical center for Sinhala-Buddhists in Sri Lanka. Anuradhapura became the ethnonationalist symbol of the ancient grandeur and political authority of modern Buddhist rulers 4. These two mutually inclusive histories effectively keep archaeology from becoming a critical social practice. For a significant majority of Sri Lankan archaeologists, archaeology remains a project to construct culture-historical narratives about the country's past, using a loosely positivist-empiricist and commonsense approach of knowledge production entangled in locating essences and origins in ethnic, geographical, and chronological categories in Sri Lanka's past 5. Finding such

Prashantha Mandawala

Aditya Joshi

D.A.M.S. Silva

VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAPES OF SRI LANKA Silva, D.A.M.S.* and Yakandawala, K.** Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka *[email protected], **[email protected] ABSTRACT The history of architecture in Sri Lanka spans to the prehistoric era. However, well developed architectural and landscaping knowledge was transmitted from Indo-Aryan settlers, after Buddhism was introduced in 3rd century BC. Ancient Sri Lankan architecture primarily developed around religion. Sustainability and natural balance were key philosophies of this. All these monuments and landscapes have a remarkable calming effect on visitors. Remains of Buddhist and Hindu shrines, literature, maps and silpa texts are the main sources of evidence for studying ancient architecture and landscape gardening in Sri Lanka. Historic books like Mahawansa gives a detailed explanation of construction efforts led by each king during their ruling dynasties. Sinhala and Pali books written by great scholar monks, specially the Sandesha kavyas provide descriptive information on ancient buildings and gardens as well the biodiversity of surrounding landscapes. Stupas, the world's universal Buddhist architectural monuments, were built to preserve holy artifacts of the Lord Buddha. Ancient Stupas emphasize architectural and engineering capabilities of the ancestors of the island, and Stupas are considered the largest brick monuments of the pre-modern world. Sri Lankan Buddhist architecture was under threat ever since it was introduced, first by the South Indian invasion, then by Europeans, and recently by civil war, when many architectural monuments as well as architectural documents were destroyed. In spite of the brave effort by the Sri Lankan people, Buddhist monks, and leaders who tried to protect ancient Buddhist monuments, many of them have rapidly decayed and have been destroyed in the past. The protection and restoration of ancient architecture, its theories and techniques has become a challenge to the present generation. Focus should not be limited to protecting, maintaining and restoring ancient heritage but also on the need to reuse these principles in modern architecture and landscaping, mainly because of its sustainability and ecological balance. Developing 3D models of ancient monuments using computer software is very useful for in-depth studies and reconstruction efforts. However, designing 3D models using traditional geometrical designing software such as AutoCAD, Maya, 3D’s max are sophisticated and time consuming. Google SketchUp was recently introduced as a free and open source 3D modeling system, which is user-friendly and easy to learn. Now many engineers, architects, researchers and students are using Google SketchUp together with Google Earth in engineering, geography and archeology projects as a rapid designing tool. KEYWORDS: Buddhist Architecture, Computer Aided Designing, Archeology, 3D modeling

Roots of Sri Lankan Art

Osmund Bopearachchi

The present book is the first of five volumes that I wish to publish in the near future on Śrī Laṅkān art. The next book will be on the sculptures of the Classical Period (5th-10th century CE). The third book will cover Buddhist and Hindu sculptures of the Polonnaruwa period (11th-13th century). The fourth one will be on the Yapahuwa and Kandiyan periods (13th-20th century). The final volume will focus on the mural paintings extending from the 2nd century to the 20th century CE.

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

Thusitha Wagalawatta

Robin Jones

Robin Jones Abstract This paper discusses the landscape garden of Lunuganga, Sri Lanka designed by the architect Geoffrey Bawa for himself after 1948. It assesses this space as a site of memory and a location where modernity and history are negotiated. The present article theorizes the making of Lunuganga in relation to the production of modernity in Sri Lanka and negotiation of the island’s relationship to colonial and pre-colonial histories. The island of Sri Lanka has a long history of the development of cultural landscapes. Bawa’s landscapes can be located within these traditions. Furthermore, the time he spent in Europe furnished him with an understanding of the picturesque landscape tradition. Lunuganga could be described as a site where these (colonial) histories and vernacular traditions re-staged or re-presented the modern in contemporary Sri Lanka. Bawa’s landscapes can also be ‘read’ as ‘sites of memory’, where, although of the modern era, the past is recalled. The landscape of Lunuganga references negotiations between adoption of a universal modern, with its taint of colonial subjugation, the neglect of this troubled past and the pursuit of an uncomplex indigenism and, in so doing, intervenes in the production of modernity in Sri Lanka.

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Historical Places

Sigiriya Rock Fortress – An introduction to the ancient wonder

Located in the Matale District of Central Province, Sigiriya Rock Fortress owns a striking geological profile and famous as an astonishing feat of ancient technology and town planning. It is rock plateau rises to a height of about 200 meters above the surrounding plain or 360 meters above the mean sea level. This ancient wonder of Sri Lanka was designated as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1982, due to its universal value expressed through ancient architecture, historical value, art, town planning, hydraulic technology, and also cultural landscape features. Since the 19 th Century, with the interest of antiquarians, this heritage came to light revealing its world-renowned features. The archaeological investigation, restoration, and conservation work by the Department of Archaeology and Central Cultural Fund contributed immensely to revealing this prodigy of Sri Lankan history to the world.

360 View of Sigiriya Rock

Sigirya – Historical value

According to the literary sources, Sigiriya royal palace complex possess a long way of historical background extended back to 5th Century AC which has been built by King Kasyapa. However, based on the archaeological evidence, and according to the research done by numerous scholars, it appears that the vicinity has existed over several phases through the prehistoric period and historic period.

The first inhabitants of the Sigiriya region were the Mesolithic humans who belonged to prehistoric times of Sri Lanka as revealed from the excavation and investigations done in nearby caves in proximity to the Sigiriya summit and the open-air sites around it. Archaeologists have unearthed several archaeological remains to prove the aforesaid information including stone tools, bone tools, and also faunal and floral remains.

During the 3rd Century BC, the historical period of Sigiriya commenced with the habitation of Buddhist monks, transforming the site into a monastic settlement as indicated by rock caves with drip ledges and the inscriptions carved on the rock surfaces dating back to 3rd â€“ 1st centuries. The inscriptions record the granting of the caves in the premises to Buddhist monks in order to use it as their residences.

The modification of Sigirya as a fortified city under the rule of King KasyapaÂ (477-495 AC) stated the golden landmark in the history of Sigiriya along with architectural buildings, paintings, hydraulic engineering, and so on. According to the chronicles, the building up of Sigiriya as a palace complex related to the political history of the country during the latter half of the 5th Century AC. Kasypa was one of the two sons of King Datusena who reigned the country during the Anuradhapura period. While Kasypa was the son of a non-royal consort, Mugalan is the other son of Datusena who was born of the queen and was thus the rightful heir to the throne. Along with the support of army commander, Migara prince Kasyapa seized the kingship by murdering his own father and Mugalan fed to India to seek help to fight against his brother. However, with the fear of returning Mugalan with an Indian army, Kasyapa could not rule the country from the capital of Anuradhapura. So, he chose his capital on a huge rock surrounded with thick vegetation to be protected from future attacks and this place was ultimately known as Sigiriya. As the Culavamsa mentions King Kasyapa ruled the country for almost 18 years with wealth and comfort and also with tight security around the summit. â€œHe collected treasures and kept them there well protected and for the riches kept by him, he set guards at different places. Then he built there a fine palace, worthy to behold, like another Alakamanda and dwelt there like Kuvera (Geiger, 1928, 39:3â€“6, pp. 42â€“43). As the researchers state Kasypan period can be considered as the golden era of Sigiriya which turned it into a great eye-catching wonder in the whole world. After the defeat of Kasypa by Mugalan with the help of the Indian army, the Sigiri complex was again inhabited by the Buddhist monks as Mugalan reigned his ruling period from the capital of Anuradhapura. During the post Kasypan period which lasted until the 13th Century the royal constructions were altered by Buddhist monks to suit their lifestyle but no harms came to the aesthetic grandeur of the summit and the gardens.

Learn more about the re-Discovery of Sigiriya .

Architectural value

The royal palace complex on the rock summit which is believed to be the royal residence of King Kasyapa expresses the architectural value of Sigiriya to a greater extend. Although today we can only see the ruins of these buildings, they clearly manifest the grandeur of the architecture during the historical times. The magnificent palace complex on the summit of Sigiriya Rock is the center of the Sigiriya complex which is built 200 meters above the surrounding plain. The buildings of the palace have been constructed on a stepped terrain of about one and a half hectares. It is considered the earliest and best-preserved palace complex in Sri Lanka. It is assumed that the entire summit was surrounded by a brick wall built to the very edge of the rock, the footings of which are still clearly visible today. The palace garden consists of small ponds and terraces found on the eastern half of the summit meaning the outer palace area and especially on the sloping terrain to the south.

The main entrance to the rock summit is another structure that presents out the architectural value of this premise. The monumental lion paws of Sigiriya are the very reason that the rock summit got the name â€˜ Sinha-Giriâ€™ Â meaning Lion rock which became Sigiriya later on. At the northern end of the rock, a staircase has been built to climb up the summit through this pair of lion paws and it is truly a sight to behold. Although today one can only see this remaining lion paws it is assumed that there had been a gigantic brick lion on this place and the staircase emerged between the lionâ€™s paws and runs into its mouth.

Moreover, the summer palaces built within the pleasure gardens also speaks about the architectural skills of the Sigiriya creators. Adjacent to the fountain garden area, on the flattened islands there, assumed to be summer palaces used for the leisure time of the king. It is believed that bridges built by cutting into the surface rock provided the access and the surrounding waterways have given a cooling surrounding.

Sigiriya Artistic value

Paintings of Sigiriya on the western side of the rock surface have been the focus of specific interest in both ancient and modern times which demonstrate excellent artistic features of the 5th century. Withstanding years of climatic changes some of them can still be seen in good condition. Ancient graffiti on the Mirror Wall refers to the existence of about five hundred frescoes covering a large section of the western surface of Sigiriya Rock. Today one can observe small fragments found in two slides on the rock surface, depicting about twenty-one female figures of immense beauty known as Apsaras. This line of paintings would have spread throughout the western surface of the rock, forming an awe-striking view to the ones who were the below of the rock featuring as a curtain full of colorful paintings. It is said that the reflection of these paintings could be seen on the water ponds in the water garden during the ancient period.

On the opposite side of the belt of the paintings, halfway along the western side of the rock surface, there is a pathway to climb up to the rock summit. The outer edge of the path is protected with a two-meter-high brick wall. This wall is plastered with a special lime mortar and the inner surface is polished to a reflective mirror finished in such a way that the painting on the opposite rock surface is perfectly reflected creating special scenery. This wall is known as â€˜ Katapath pauraâ€™, Â meaning mirror wall, due to this reflecting surface. Today, after all these years later, the shine on this wall can still be seen. Among thousands of visitors who visited Sigiriya from the 6th Century to 14th Century, inspired by the wonder they saw, they transferred their thoughts into poetry and wrote on the Mirror Wall which are preserved up to date. These are known as Sigiri graffiti and there are over 1800 pieces of prose, poetry, and commentary written by ancient tourists. This graffiti offers a fascinating insight into the history of Sigiriya and the evolution of language in the country over the period. A total of nearly 1500 writings have now been deciphered by scholars, especially Prof. Paranavithana.

Sigiriya – A compilation of different garden types

The Sigiriya landscape is adorned with three distinct garden types; water gardens, terraced garden, and boulder garden. They are unique in design and can be regarded as the oldest surviving large-scale garden forms in Asia. Among these water gardens consisting of main three sections are the most extensive and intricate garden type. It can be observed three principal water garden units lay along the central east-west axis and the miniature water garden. This garden layout of an interconnected set of water features reflects a highly refined landscape design sense on the part of Sigiriyaâ€™s architects. Three main garden features are numbered as â€˜Garden No.1, No.2 and No.3â€™ which are also named as â€˜Fourfold garden, fountain garden, and asymmetrical gardenâ€™ respectively for the ease of identification .

Garden No.1 is comprised of a central island surrounded by four â€˜Lâ€™ shaped ponds. It is supposed that there was a large pavilion on this island based on the found evidence. The flights of steps constructed, and a series of surrounding terraces give easy access to the water. Most of the known special water features of the Sigiriya premises are in the area identified as â€˜Fountain gardenâ€™, which is comprised of two long ponds which are located opposite to each other. Beyond these long ponds, one can notice a shallow broad expanse of water meandering right across the earth on either side of the pathway on the upper precinct of the fountain garden. These are commonly named â€˜Serpentine streamsâ€™. At the end of these two shallow streams, there are the four fountains, two on each side formed by allowing water to spurt through the holes which are symmetrically aligned, constructed in circular sandstone slabs. Garden No.3 is encompassed with a large octagonal-shaped pool and an L shaped pool. Apart from these main units, a miniature water garden with several ponds and pavilions and summer palaces built amidst the water gardens has indisputably identified as the most attractive and rather very different constituent of the water garden arena of Sigiriya complex.

Boulder garden of Sigirya displays an entirely different layout when compared to the water gardens which shows an asymmetrical layout that has been built in a different historical environment. This area consists of several rocks and boulders and in almost every rock and boulder there had been a pavilion set upon it as revealed by the marks on them. Rock shelters can be noticed underneath many of the boulders, which ancient Buddhist monks inhabited at an earlier stage and later on fashioned as a feature of the royal garden. Through these boulders, one can walk on winding narrow pathways in order to reach the terraced garden.

Sigiriya Terraced garden can be seen associating with the natural hill at the base of the Sigiriya rock, which has been constructed with a series of walls and today some of them are collapsed to mounds and some are restored. Each terrace is finely running around the rocks and some are built interacting with the natural rocks displaying cultural landscape features in the vicinity. Brick built staircases with limestone steps are laid across the terraced garden, connecting the pathways of the boulder garden and the main staircase to climb up the rock.

Sigiriya Hydraulic Features

One of the most striking features of Sigiriya water gardens is its well-planned and exceptionally engineered hydraulic system even surpasses the present-day knowledge in constructing water features. Various sizes of ponds, interconnected conduits, cisterns, and other features that constitute the water system serve different functions within the premises. Mainly, the following water features can be noticed within the vicinity.

Sigiri Wewa, the main source of water of the Sigiriya complex
A series of moats, two on the west and one on the east, fed directly from this lake.
Surface drainage waterways to control to prevent erosion of terraces and gardens during the rainy season
Ornamental watercourses and water-retaining structures as an essential aspect of the royal pleasure gardens

Cooling systems, such as a variety of water-surrounded pavilions and the generalized presence of water in parklands and courtyards.
The water control and water-retaining systems, including a series of horizontal and vertical drains cut in the rock and underground conduits made of cylindrical, terracotta pipes.

The ancient engineers who constructed the Sigiriya water system have used several important concepts to create the water features of the area in a very effective manner, making the ultimate result a wonderful one. The ancient engineers have used integrated micro and macro design concept in constructing the hydraulic network in the area, incorporating the nearby lake and interconnected water channel across the garden area. Hydraulics of the water garden area is comprised of world-renowned water features highlight the aesthetic beauty to a greater extent.

Urban Layout and planning

Sigiriya provides one of the best-preserved and most magnificent examples of urban planning in ancient Sri Lanka. Sigiriya complex consists of a royal citadel and an elaborately laid-out city, with ramparts, moats, gateways, gardens date back to the Kasyapan period. The entire palace is centered on the massive Sigiriya rock surrounded by two large city zones as an inner-city (citadel) and the outer city and also by a garden zone. The urban plan of Sigiriya city is encircled with double moat and triple ramparts extending to the east and west.

The importance of Sigiriya lies not only in the fact that it provides us with a perfectly preserved urban layout but also in the planning technology of our forefathers. Sigiriya presents a brilliant combination of symmetry and asymmetry combining geometrical plan and natural surroundings. The large rock summit of Sigiriya constitutes the backdrop of the landscape when seeing across the gardens from the west side. The rectangular area around this summit is symmetrically divided through the north-south and east-west axes which meet at the center of the palace area on the summit of the rock. The elaborate planning demonstrated in the overall Sigiriya layout shows the brilliant engineering knowledge of our forefathers. It is known by the scholars that the intricate symmetry of the royal water gardens and the moats and ramparts of the western precinct is based on an â€˜echo planâ€™. Concerning the layout of Sigiriya, Bandaranayake comments, â€œOne of the most remarkable aspects of the urban form at Sigiriya is its planning mathematics and its total design concept. In its total conception, Sigiriya represents a brilliant combination of concepts of symmetry and asymmetry, of a deliberate interlocking of a geometrical plan and natural formâ€ (Bandaranayake, 1990:41-58).

Sigiriya – An UNESCO world heritage site

On 17th December 1982, after assessing the aforementioned outstanding values in Sigiriya, the W orld Heritage Committee decided to inscribe the site a World Heritage Site under Criterion II, III, and IV of the operational Guidelines.

Criterion II – Exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on development in Architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design – Sigiriya frescoes the artistic value which extends back to a long history and Sigirii graffiti speaks of the thousands of admirers who visited the site, since the 6th century A.D. These poems are among the most ancient texts in the Sinhalese language, providing evidence for the contemporary literature.

Criterion III – Bear a unique or exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or has disappeared – This cultural property is a unique witness to the civilization of ancient Sri Lanka during the reign of King Kasyapa.

Criterion IV – Be an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history- An exceptional and significant event was the determining factor in the creation of the royal capital woven around the life of King Kasyapa.

External Link – à·ƒà·“à¶œà·’à¶»à·’à¶º à·„à· à¶‘à·„à·’ à¶»à¶¢ à¶‹à¶ºà¶± (Sigiriya and it’s Royal Garden – A Sinhala video by Prof. Senarath Dissanayake – Director-General, Department of Archaeology)

Â Reference

Amarasinghe, M, (2003), Sri Lankave Purana Raja Maliga (Ancient Royal Palaces in Sri Lanka), Ja-Ela, Samanthi Poth Prakasakayo.

Amarasinghe, M., (2005), Sigiriya: loka urumayaka wagathuga , Dayawansa Jayakody, Colombo.

Bandaranayake. S, (1987), The â€˜firstâ€™ and â€˜secondâ€™ urbanization in Sri Lanka: a review , Paper presented at the second SAREC Archaeological Congress, Kandy.

Bandaranayake. S, (1993), â€˜Amongst Asiaâ€™s Earliest Surviving Gardens: The Royal and Monastic Gardens at Sigiriya and Anuradhapuraâ€™, Historic Gardens and Sites, pp. 3-35, ICOMOS Series, Colombo, Central Cultural Fund.

Bandaranayake. S, (2005), Sigiriya , Central Cultural Fund, Colombo.

Bopearachchi, O, (2006), The pleasure gardens of Sigiriya , Godage Book Emporium, Colombo.

Cooray. N, (2012), The Sigirya Royal Gardens: Analysis of landscape architectonic composition .

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HISTORY MAGAZINE

The 'Lion Fortress' of Sri Lanka was swallowed by the jungle

Built in the fifth century, Sri Lanka’s Sigiriya fortress attracted the attention of British archaeologists in the 1800s, who were amazed by its leonine rock art and beautiful frescoes.

Perched on a slab of rock that juts dramatically over the forests of central Sri Lanka , Sigiriya is as imposing a sight now as it must have been when it was first built by a fierce king in the fifth century A.D. Meaning “lion’s rock,” Sigiriya (designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982) is accessed by way of passageways cut into the rock face between a monumental pair of lion paws.

The fortress was later swallowed by the forest, and only familiar to local villagers. Outsiders used knowledge of its past, preserved in Buddhist texts, to search for the ancient site. British historians rediscovered its astonishing buildings and frescoes in the 19th century.

Kingdom to colony

Sigiriya was built by the fifth-century king Kashyapa I, who ruled the native Sinhalese dynasty, the Moriya. The imposing fortress was the capital of the Sinhalese kingdom until Kashyapa was defeated in A.D. 495. (Watch: An ancient palatial fortress overlooks this barren desert in Israel .)

After Kashyapa, dynasties rose and fell, their fortunes shaped by internal power struggles and conflicts between native Sinhalese and outside invaders from India .

The Lion People

the remains of the monumental Lion Paws Gate at Sigiriya

The Mahavamsa, a fifth-century Sri Lankan epic, tells how the Indian prince Vijaya was the grandson of a lion. He traveled to the island of Sri Lanka and married Princess Kuveni. From their union was born the Sinhalese race ( sinhala means “of lions”). In the Sinhalese tradition, the lion is the mythical ancestor of kings and a symbol of royal authority. The photograph shows what remains of the monumental Lion Paws Gate at Sigiriya.

Various cities held the status of capital after Sigiriya, such as Polonnaruwa. By the 12th century, however, overall control of Sri Lanka progressively weakened. Sinhalese power retreated to the southwest of the island, abandoning the Rajarata region, and the former administrative centers, including Sigiriya, started to fall into disuse.

Sri Lanka’s position in the Indian Ocean made it vulnerable to Europeans looking to expand their control in the region. By the mid-1500s the Portuguese had thoroughly exploited dynastic tensions in Sri Lanka’s ruling elite and controlled much of the island.

A century later the Dutch had replaced the Portuguese as colonial masters, and they were in turn displaced by the British in the late 1700s. By 1815 the Kingdom of Kandy, the last independent, native state on the island, became part of the British Empire.

Knowledge is power

British imperial rule brought civil servant George Turnour to the island. An aristocrat, scholar, and passionate historian, Turnour worked with a Buddhist monk to translate an ancient fifth-century chronicle, the Mahavamsa, from the Sri Lankan Pali language into English. Based on this and other texts, he identified two ancient capitals: Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa.

Turnour also studied a later chronicle of Sri Lankan history, the Culavamsa, which told the story of King Kashyapa. In the late fifth century, this Sinhalese prince killed his father, King Dhatusena, and seized the throne, usurping his brother, who fled to India. Fearing reprisals, he built the fortress Sigiriya—but in vain: His brother returned, defeating Kashyapa, and Sigiriya lost its brief status as capital.

the 40-foot-high Avukana Buddha in Sri Lanka

In 1827 a Scottish officer, Jonathan Forbes, became friends with Turnour, and on hearing the story of Kashyapa and his palace, decided to look for it. In 1831 he set off to where locals told him he would find the remains of an ancient city.

His memoir, Eleven Years in Ceylon, describes “the rock of Sirigi [sic], . . . frowning defiance over the scanty fields and the far-extending forest of the surrounding plain.” As he approached, he could see platforms and galleries carved into the rock. Two of his party managed to scramble some way up but dislodged rocks, “which crashed among the boughs of the trees at a great depth below.”

Unsure as to whether he had found the Sigiriya mentioned in the Buddhist texts, Forbes abandoned the expedition. Revisiting a few years later, he traced the moat that surrounds the gardens at the foot of the rock but did not attempt to climb the cliff face. He doubted that the name Sigiriya was related to lions, as he had seen nothing to support that etymology.

Fabulous frescoes

British mountaineers eventually reached the top in 1851, but the task of surveying the site fell to the Archaeological Commissioner of Ceylon, Harry C.P. Bell. His survey at the end of the 19th century has formed the basis of all studies since.

Bell painstakingly ascertained the layout of Kashyapa’s fantastical city as well as detailed the magnificent carving of the lion’s paws at the entrance, which Forbes had not been able to see.

In addition to the elaborate water gardens at the foot of the rock, Bell’s survey also lavished attention on the galleries on the rock face. These are decorated with exquisite wall paintings that have become some of the most prized objects in Sri Lanka’s artistic heritage. A total of 21 surviving frescoes may depict apsaras, celestial singers and dancers. (See also: 40,000-year-old cave art may be world's oldest animal drawing .)

Nearby, also on the walls of the rock face, are well over 1,000 items of graffiti, scratched by monks and pilgrims who visited the site in the eighth to the 13th centuries. These messages from the past can cause a frisson when read by visitors today. One reads: “At Sigiriya, of abundant splendor, situated on the island of [Sri Lanka] we saw, in happy mood, the rock that captivates the mind of all people who come here.”

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Sri Lankan architecture, history and travel

Select 'Sinhala' language from Google Translator to read in Sinhala and select 'Tamil' language to read in Tamil

Sigiriya Frescoes,History,Mirror Wall,Water Technology,Photos with Description in Sinhala

Sigiriya rock fortress of sri lanka's history.

Sigiriya Rock Fortress of Sri Lanka is considered by the local population as the 8th Wonder of the World, retroflex ancient City Planning, Hydraulic Technology, Defense, Arts, Garden landscaping and Engineering around 5th Century AD. Called also as the "Lion Rock" it reaches a height of 200 meters from the surrounding landscape. Sigiriya is located at Matale district near Dambulla. It can be reached along Colombo- Habarana highway by turning towards east from Inamaluwa. Proceeding about 10 km from Inamaluwa and passing Kimbissa township one arrives at Sigiriya.

Sigiriya history is well cronicled and before Sigiriya became a Kingdom, Sigiriya Rock base and the places such as Pidurangala which were endowed with many caves and a temple had been dwelled by Buddhist monks from around 3rd Century BC. It is also found that these areas had been inhabitant by people prior to King Kassapa's rein. Many caves have Brahmi Inscriptions dating back from 3rd Century BC to 1st century AD.

After King Mahanama who ruled Anuradhapura from 410- 432 AD, a prince named Dhatusena became the King of Anuradhapura in 459 AD, defeating the Indian invader 'Pandu'. King Dhatusena was the ruler who constructed Kala Wewa or the Kala Wewa Tank, by building a dam across Kala Oya , which is a small river type. The man-made 54 mile long Yoda Ela, which takes water from Kala Wewa to Tissa Wewa is considered as an Irrigation engineering wonder even at the present day. It has a gradient of 6 inches per mile along the first 17 miles , which means the level different is just over 8 feet even after the first 17 miles along the canal. The high level of Water technology knowledge during this period can be assessed from the construction work that remains still in working condition. During this king's rein the famous full-relief Aukana Buddha statue was constructed out of a rock which stands 42 feet high depicting the art and craft of stone sculpturing.

He had two sons from two of his queens. Mugalan [ also called as Moggallana ] from the head queen and Kassapa's [ also called as Kashyapa ] from a companion queen. Prince Kashyapa, with the help of the general of the army of King Dhatusena, named Migara, got his father killed and became the King. Prince Mugalan, fearing for his life, escaped to India. The Buddhist Bhikkus and the people were against his conduct and favoured Price Mugalan for the rulership. Fearing that Mugalan will come with an army from India to avenge him at a later day, King Kashyapa decided to make Sigiriya as his kingdom. During his rule of eighteen years from 477 AD to 495 AD Sigiriya Kingdom was created. It is believed that he sought the refuge of Sigiriya rock for his safety fearing for his life.

After 18 years, Prince Mugalan came with an army from India to fight with King Kassapa. During the battle Kashyapa killed himself thus Mugalan became the King. He went back to Anuradhapura and ruled the country from there and handed over Sigiriya back to the Buddhist priests. Sigiriya as a Kingdom was abandoned in around 1150 AD and was almost forgotten for the next seven centuries. Though King Kashyapa is not regarded in high esteem in Sri Lankan history due to his dubious conduct, he is credited as the ruler with unsurpassed imagination put into reality to create a Sri Lankan style marvel of high caliber art and engineering construction skills that could even challange the other world structures at that time, which definitely is amazing even in the 21st century with whatever is remaining as ruins of Sigiriya Kingdom thus considering Sigiriya as the Eighth wonder of the World.

Art and Engineering of Sigiriya

The Sigiriya Rock Fortress itself has its unique identity due to its shape not found anywhere else in the island and can be recognized miles away from the distance.

Sigiriya was rediscovered during the rule of the British, by Major H. Forbes in 1831. Climbing to the Sigiriya summit was achieved by A.H.Adams and J.Bailey in 1853.

Sigiriya Rock Fortress being the citadel fortress, had been well designed for its defenses by having ramparts and moats built around it. There are several approaches to the inner city and the most prominent is the Western entrance. From the summit of the rock, the land areas up to distances of tens of miles can be watched making it hard for the enemy to make a surprise attack to the kingdom.

King Kassapa had reverted his fortress to an ecological wonder by having Royal Pleasure Gardens, Water Gardens , Fountain Gardens and Boulder Gardens made inside the inner city as well as at the palace premises on the Rock summit. Employment of Water Technology had been tremendous since there are water fountains that are manmade and that are still working. Also there are Ponds in rock summit considered to be filled with water from a lower elevation.

The most renowned is the Sigiriya Frescoes of Sigiri Damsels locally called as 'Sigiri Apsaras' painted on a Western Rock face cavity about 100 meters high from the rock base .There now remains around 21 paintings of Sigiriya Frescoes but there had been around five hundred paintings during King Kassapa's time along several other places of the same Western Rock face.

Click on Thumbnail Photos to see full size image s of the Sigiri Frescoes done on Rock cavity.

Cave walls with Sigiriya Frescoes of Sigiri Apsara images

Another interesting construction of Sigiriya Rock Fortress is the Sigiriya Mirror Wall, which is covered with graffiti that consists of Sinhala Poems from the 7th to the 10th centuries AD. These were written by the people who came to see Sigiriya during those long years. These are called as "Sigiri kurutu gee" by the local population. Coming along the path of the mirror wall, one find the Lion Paw Terrace or Platform. Only two huge Lion's paws are remaining now but earlier there had been an enormous Lion figure or statue at the entrance. Through the Lion's paw stairway, the summit can be reached taking the iron stairway built on to the rock face. On the summit are the remains of the Palace building foundations and few ponds on a area of about 3 acres of rock summit. The largest pond was made by cutting out the rock and it is assumed that utilizing the great wind force occurring on the summit, water was brought up to fill this tank by a hydraulic system using wind power from the ground level. This is one of the top most examples of Water Technology remained at the time in addition to Water irrigatin feats with building huge artificial tanks and canals to take water many miles afar.

For the reader, there are hundreds of interesting Sigiriya Fortress images with description included in this web page. Through the information on Sigiriya appearing in this web page an essay can be easily created.

Walking up to the Sigiriya Rock from the Car Park

Sigiriya Rock surrounded by ancient moat

When visiting Sigiriya Rock Fortress the main Vehicle park for the visitors is at the New Sigiriya Town and after purchasing the Ticket, one needs to walk by foot up to the Sigiriya Rock Fortress through the path bordered with trees for about a kilometer. Passing the outer moat and the rampart one comes to the Yan Oya. Passing it there is the Archeological Museum to the Right side .There is a second Moat that has to be crossed by the bridge erected there to proceed towards the Sigiriya rock. Moats were used as a defensive method at earlier times to safeguard citadels from enemy.

Click on Thumbnail Photos to see full size image and the photo description.

Water Gardens

Passing the moat will bring you up to the massive inner rampart which runs parallel to the moat. These ramparts were heavily guarded day and night so penetrating inside was not an easy task during the Rule of King Kassapa. Coming over the rampart brings the splendid view of the Sigiriya Rock Fortress at the distance ahead. Also coming into the view is the Royal Pleasure Garden. The Sigiriya Water Garden with a variety of ponds, fountains and remains of structures are unique since water technology that had been used to distribute water in conduits by pressure works even today, when there is enough rain water accumulated in the upper ponds. There are about ninety five pools or ponds found at Sigiriya altogether.

Sigiriya Ancient Monastic Cave Complex and the Rock Boulder Garden

Before Sigiriya Rock Fortress became a Kingdom, Buddhist monks used the many caves for dwelling, dating back to the 3rd Century BC. Later when King Kassapa's made Sigiriya his kingdom, these caves were used for other purposes. Some of these caves have paintings done at the same period as the famous Sigiriya Frescoes. These areas which have numerous rock boulders were landscaped to give an appearance of a Rock Boulder Garden during the King's rein.

Audience Hall

The Audience Hall is a part of the royal complex constructed on a rock boulder at Sigiriya Rock Fortress.The surface had been flattened out of the rock and the stone seat has been carved out of the rock boulder. Earlier this had a roof section where the sockets for columns that support the roof structure dug in the rock can be seen.

Cobra Hood Cave

St Sigiriya Rock Fortress this is known by the name Cobra Head cave due to the natural shape of the rock itself. This cave had been used as a dwelling place for the Buddhist monks or the Sangha between 3rd and the 1st Centuries BC. The early Brahmi inscriptions indicate that this had been donated by a chieftain 'Naguliya' to the Sangha.The painting done on the cave ceiling belongs to the 6-7 th Centuries AD.

Stairway to the famous Frescoes

Sigiriya Mirror wall and wall with Sigiriya Frescoes image

The Boulder Arch which is in the ancient pathway to the Sigiriya Rock amply describes the natural landscaping skills on the city planning. The two caves by the sides of the two rocks had been dwelling places for the monks at earlier times.The Terraced gardens in this area formed out of the natural hill had been constructed by making stone retaining walls at various elevations to prevent soil erosion due to rain water.The stairway to the Sigiriya rock runs at a side of the terraced garden.

The Sigiriya Rock Frescoes

The Sigiriya Rock Fortress Paintings are found on about the halfway height of the Sigiriya western rock face, or about 100 meters from the base of the rock. These are found on the rock face cut inside to create a depression about 70 feet lengthwise. A spiral iron staircase takes the visitor about 44 feet from the gallery below and an iron platform runs throughout the length of the frescoed rock depression. There are around 21 paintings in this area and it is believed to be the Fresco-Lustro method used for these paintings. All these paintings are of young and old female figures and there are no two similar figures among them. These figures are popularly called as 'Sigiri Apsara' [ Celestial nymphs ] or Sigiri Damsels.

The Mirror Wall and Graffiti at Sigiriya Rock Fortress

After King Kassapa's' demise, the people who came to see Sigiriya Rock Fortress wrote down verses in Sinhala scripts of that time on Sigiriya Damsels and the Sigiriya Lion on the wall running below the Sigiriya frescoes. This wall is called as the ' Kedapath Pavura' or the Sigiriya Mirror Wall. It is done in brick masonry and has a polished plaster finish. Many of these writings on the Mirror Wall belongs to the time period between the 7th and the 11th Centuries AD. some of these had been written by native women indicating the literacy among the females at that time. These graffiti had been written using a metal styles which might had been common among people at that time for writing purposes. The expressions made in the verses are refined and the beauty of the ladies had been much appreciated in a simple literal way.

Terrace of the Lion Staircase at Sigiriya Rock Fortress

It is thought, that the name Sigiriya, meaning the Lion Rock must have been derived from the fact that there was a gigantic Lion statue constructed so that the rock resembled a Lion figure. From whatever the original lion statue, only two of its huge paws are remaining now on the Northern side of the rock. A verse written on the Mirror wall in graffiti says that the person who wrote it has seen the Beauties on the Rock and the Lion of Sigiriya. Through the Lion's paw is the stairway leading to the rock summit . There is a fairly large terrace with the remains of earlier building's ruins to the northern side to the Lion's paw entrance. On this terrace, the first accent from the base of the rock terminates.

Sigiriya Rock Climb along the Iron Stairway to the Summit

After entering through the lion's paw entrance begins the second ascend of the rock climb in the old stairway. One finds a few decades old iron ladders and an iron platform with railings to reach the major part up to the summit. These Sigiriya Rock steps are anchored to the Rock surface and the visitor gets a birds eye view on the surrounding areas of the Rock. The final climb is again from an ancient stairway taking the visitor to the uppermost section of the Rock.

The Summit where the Sigiriya King Kashyapa's Palace was

On the Summit of the Sigiriya Rock was the Citadel in the 5th Century AD. The terrain on the summit ranges to around 1.5 hectares [ about 3.5 acres ].The layout of the palace and the landscaped gardens on several terraces can be seen on the summit. It is said to be that the palace constructions must have mainly done out of timber unlike in other ancient places where the doorways etc. were made out of granite. A large pool of the dimensions 90 feet x 68 feet made by cutting out the rock . There are also few smaller ponds made using brick. The foundations of earlier buildings are still intact so the complete plan of the palace can be seen even today.

The Descend and the Aerial view of Sigiriya Rock

Sigiriya aerial view from summit of citadel

These fascinating views were able to capture during the descend from the Sigiriya Rock Fortress summit. The people who worked on this rock surface at this height cutting the rock and building structures in earlier times must have been superior with engineering skills and also would not have been faint hearted indeed .

The Western Rock face and features

Coming down from the Lion's paw terrace, takes you down to the rock base through a separate route starting from the end of the Mirror Wall passage.The depression of the rock where the frescoes are and the outside of the mirror wall can be seen with details here.

The Landscaped Garden Terrace at the Rock Bottom

The terraced garden of Sigiriya Rock Fortress is accessed at last and the natural surrounding with rock boulders and caves are found in the return journey. There are several caves , which have ceiling paintings done at the rock base.

The Pleasure Garden View Points

Click on the camera icon to see the surrounding landscape.

The Sigiriya Rock View Points

The Sigiriya Rock Summit View Points

Edmund Jayasuriya - " The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka"

R.H.De Silva - " Sigiriya"

short essay on Sigiriya Tag

19 oct sigiriya is my favouirte historical place- මගේ ප්‍රියතම ඓතිහාසික ස්ථානය සීගිරිය-my favorite historical place.

Sigiriya is my favouirte historical place *********** Hello everyone, my topic is “My Favorite Historical Place.” It is Sigiriya. Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress. It is/was built by King Sigiri Kasyapa. It is located in Matale. Sigiriya is a tourist attraction. Even today, you can...

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Thursday, October 4, 2012

Sigiriya Rock Fortress

109 comments:

King Khashyapa's brother is King Mugalan. Not Mihidu. Please correct this.

In this essay have many spelling problems

Verry important information

Thanks for this thees are very important informations.

Sigiria is an ancient city in Sri Lanka

Every one have mistake don't say like that ok

It is very nice , Thank you

Yes Mugalan (moggallana).

Very important details

Yah it is Mugalan not Moggalana

Nope.these two names are correct (Mugalan/Moggallana)

King Khashyapa's brother is Mugalan.

Very important details 👈

Nice post and pics about sigiriya. Sigiriya is truly awesome place see this post to know more about Sigiriya.

I really helpful this thanks you 👍

No word to tell.it's a very Valuable place in Sri Lanka.

It's true

Very use full information

Information is very fruitful

Kasyapa's brother is Mugalan .not mihidu .But information is very useful

Don' you know? King kashyapa's brother is MUGALAN Please correct this

This was very helpful for my studies. Thank youall.😄😄😄❤❤❤👍👍👍👌👌👌✋✋✋

Thank you very much

This was very helpful for my studies. Thank youall.��❤❤❤��✋✋✋

Yes it is very helpful for my assignment on the topic of the sigiriya rock. Thank you so so so much.❤❤❤❤❤💗💗💗💗😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍❤❤❤❤❤

Don't you know king Kashyapa's brother king Mugallan?

Shut up dear don't ask like that

You shut up asshole

Aww! This is damn helpful to understand the history and their knowledge!

Very interesting

மிகவும் நன்று🙌🙌 என்றும் இவ்வாறு

It's very useful❤️ thank you... but you have to correct king kahsyapa's brother is mugalan not mihindu😒

Thank you. It's very useful for my son's studies.

වැරදි අදහස්

Nice.but there ara small mistakes.

It is very interesting

Thanks for help me...��

Helpful🌎🌎✌️✌️

Very helpful

Nice..but there are small mistake...

It is nice...but you have to correct quickly king kashapa's brother is mugalan not mihidhu..don't chainge our(sihala nation) chronicle ....thank you..

this is very useful for my studies,thanks

This is very useful for everyone and thanks a lot for this description

King kashysppa's brother is mugalan. And this is very helpful for my essay. Thank you. The picture are clear. Last trip o went to sigiriya as a trip without a guide and a notebook. So, I couldn't get all the information in my mind. But this information made me to get a lot of information. And for the last. I say, thank you

Spelling mistakes are most in this essay.

What are they????

It is very helpful

Mugalan is king kashyapa's brother..not mihidu

Useful essay

That's most helpful thanks ✌️

It is very helpful essay thank you so much

Thanks this is very helpful thanks 🖤🖤

This article is very useful for my studies

Very very useful

Thawa kikak dannako

Awesome can you add about landscape Gardens for that

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i had seen hydraulikpresse gebraucht in that fortress what do you think there were getting used in that fortress ??

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Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka

2018, Orientations

Related Papers

Jinadasa katupotha

Sigiriya Managing Heritage with Community

Jagath Weerasinghe

Prashantha Mandawala

Aditya Joshi

D.A.M.S. Silva

VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAPES OF SRI LANKA Silva, D.A.M.S.* and Yakandawala, K.** Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka * [email protected] , ** [email protected] ABSTRACT The history of architecture in Sri Lanka spans to the prehistoric era. However, well developed architectural and landscaping knowledge was transmitted from Indo-Aryan settlers, after Buddhism was introduced in 3rd century BC. Ancient Sri Lankan architecture primarily developed around religion. Sustainability and natural balance were key philosophies of this. All these monuments and landscapes have a remarkable calming effect on visitors. Remains of Buddhist and Hindu shrines, literature, maps and silpa texts are the main sources of evidence for studying ancient architecture and landscape gardening in Sri Lanka. Historic books like Mahawansa gives a detailed explanation of construction efforts led by each king during their ruling dynasties. Sinhala and Pali books written by great scholar monks, specially the Sandesha kavyas provide descriptive information on ancient buildings and gardens as well the biodiversity of surrounding landscapes. Stupas, the world's universal Buddhist architectural monuments, were built to preserve holy artifacts of the Lord Buddha. Ancient Stupas emphasize architectural and engineering capabilities of the ancestors of the island, and Stupas are considered the largest brick monuments of the pre-modern world. Sri Lankan Buddhist architecture was under threat ever since it was introduced, first by the South Indian invasion, then by Europeans, and recently by civil war, when many architectural monuments as well as architectural documents were destroyed. In spite of the brave effort by the Sri Lankan people, Buddhist monks, and leaders who tried to protect ancient Buddhist monuments, many of them have rapidly decayed and have been destroyed in the past. The protection and restoration of ancient architecture, its theories and techniques has become a challenge to the present generation. Focus should not be limited to protecting, maintaining and restoring ancient heritage but also on the need to reuse these principles in modern architecture and landscaping, mainly because of its sustainability and ecological balance. Developing 3D models of ancient monuments using computer software is very useful for in-depth studies and reconstruction efforts. However, designing 3D models using traditional geometrical designing software such as AutoCAD, Maya, 3D’s max are sophisticated and time consuming. Google SketchUp was recently introduced as a free and open source 3D modeling system, which is user-friendly and easy to learn. Now many engineers, architects, researchers and students are using Google SketchUp together with Google Earth in engineering, geography and archeology projects as a rapid designing tool. KEYWORDS: Buddhist Architecture, Computer Aided Designing, Archeology, 3D modeling

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Historical Places

Sigiriya Rock Fortress – An introduction to the ancient wonder

360 View of Sigiriya Rock

Sigirya – Historical value

Learn more about the re-Discovery of Sigiriya .

Architectural value

Sigiriya Artistic value

Sigiriya – A compilation of different garden types

Sigiriya Hydraulic Features

Sigiri Wewa, the main source of water of the Sigiriya complex
A series of moats, two on the west and one on the east, fed directly from this lake.
Surface drainage waterways to control to prevent erosion of terraces and gardens during the rainy season
Ornamental watercourses and water-retaining structures as an essential aspect of the royal pleasure gardens

Cooling systems, such as a variety of water-surrounded pavilions and the generalized presence of water in parklands and courtyards.
The water control and water-retaining systems, including a series of horizontal and vertical drains cut in the rock and underground conduits made of cylindrical, terracotta pipes.

Urban Layout and planning

Sigiriya – An UNESCO world heritage site

Â Reference

Amarasinghe, M, (2003), Sri Lankave Purana Raja Maliga (Ancient Royal Palaces in Sri Lanka), Ja-Ela, Samanthi Poth Prakasakayo.

Amarasinghe, M., (2005), Sigiriya: loka urumayaka wagathuga , Dayawansa Jayakody, Colombo.

Bandaranayake. S, (1987), The â€˜firstâ€™ and â€˜secondâ€™ urbanization in Sri Lanka: a review , Paper presented at the second SAREC Archaeological Congress, Kandy.

Bandaranayake. S, (2005), Sigiriya , Central Cultural Fund, Colombo.

Bopearachchi, O, (2006), The pleasure gardens of Sigiriya , Godage Book Emporium, Colombo.

Cooray. N, (2012), The Sigirya Royal Gardens: Analysis of landscape architectonic composition .

Latest articles

Sri Lankan architecture, history and travel

Select 'Sinhala' language from Google Translator to read in Sinhala and select 'Tamil' language to read in Tamil

Sigiriya Frescoes,History,Mirror Wall,Water Technology,Photos with Description in Sinhala

Sigiriya rock fortress of sri lanka's history.

Art and Engineering of Sigiriya

The Sigiriya Rock Fortress itself has its unique identity due to its shape not found anywhere else in the island and can be recognized miles away from the distance.

Sigiriya was rediscovered during the rule of the British, by Major H. Forbes in 1831. Climbing to the Sigiriya summit was achieved by A.H.Adams and J.Bailey in 1853.

Click on Thumbnail Photos to see full size image s of the Sigiri Frescoes done on Rock cavity.

Walking up to the Sigiriya Rock from the Car Park

Click on Thumbnail Photos to see full size image and the photo description.

Water Gardens

Sigiriya Ancient Monastic Cave Complex and the Rock Boulder Garden

Audience Hall

Cobra Hood Cave

Stairway to the famous Frescoes

The Sigiriya Rock Frescoes

The Mirror Wall and Graffiti at Sigiriya Rock Fortress

Terrace of the Lion Staircase at Sigiriya Rock Fortress

Sigiriya Rock Climb along the Iron Stairway to the Summit

The Summit where the Sigiriya King Kashyapa's Palace was

The Descend and the Aerial view of Sigiriya Rock

The Western Rock face and features

The Landscaped Garden Terrace at the Rock Bottom

The Pleasure Garden View Points

Click on the camera icon to see the surrounding landscape.

The Sigiriya Rock View Points

The Sigiriya Rock Summit View Points

Edmund Jayasuriya - " The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka"

R.H.De Silva - " Sigiriya"

Sigiriya Rock: The Ancient Fortress

The magnificent rock fortress of Sigiriya is Sri Lanka's most iconic landmark. Once the palace of a Sri Lankan king, this rock fortress is a masterpiece of engineering, urban planning, irrigation, and landscaping. This UNESCO World Heritage Site was even named the 8th wonder of the world at one point. This travel guide will take you through Sigiriya's history, culture, and engineering, providing you with detailed information to make the most of your visit.

Sigiriya, the rock fortress in Sri Lanka, with the green plains of Dambulla in the background and a cloudy sky.

History of Sigiriya

Sigiriya, also known as Lion Rock, is an ancient fortress in the Matale District of Sri Lanka. The fortress was built in the 5th century AD by King Kashyapa, who chose this location as his new capital and fortified palace. The fortress is a massive rock formation that rises over 200 meters.

The history of Sigiriya is rich and fascinating. According to historical records, King Kashyapa built the fortress as a refuge from his brother, Prince Mugalan. Kashyapa killed his father to take the throne for himself, and his brother sought vengeance.

Despite the heavy fortifications, Prince Mugalan managed to invade the fortress, which resulted in King Kashyapa's suicide. Albeit the brutality it has seen, this magnificent structure endured the test of time. It is now known as an icon where culture, history, engineering, and art unite to showcase the wonders of civilization.

The hike to the top of Sigiriya is a must-do for anyone if he or she is capable. The hike is moderate to difficult, taking about 1-2 hours, depending on your fitness level. The path to the top is well-maintained and has steps, handrails, and platforms to help you along the way. The climb is steep in some places and can be challenging, but the views from the top are well worth the effort.

The surroundings of Sigiriya Rock, Sri Lanka, captured on a photo mid-way through the climb.

As you make your way up Sigiriya, you'll come across many intriguing sights that speak to the site's historical and cultural significance. One such feature is the ancient frescoes gallery, where you'll need to traverse a narrow, spiral staircase to access the vivid paintings. You'll also pass through the Lion's Gate, once guarded by a massive lion sculpture that lent the fortress its name. Today, only the lion's paws remain, but they provide a striking reminder of the grandeur and power that Sigiriya once represented.

The climb is a perfect opportunity to admire the natural beauty of the surroundings and the impressive engineering of the fortress.

A man climbing down the steps of the Lion's gate in Sigiriya Rock, Sri Lanka.

Exploring the Sigiriya Rock Fortress

An aerial view of Sigiriya, the rock fortress in Sri Lanka, that shows the ruins of the ancient palace on top of the rock.

Once you reach the top of the rock, you will arrive heart of the fortress. The fortress is a complex of buildings, gardens, and pools that were once the palace of King Kashyapa. Sigiriya's palace complex is a marvel to behold, as it was ingeniously designed to maximize the limited space available atop the rock. The palace features many well-preserved buildings, including the Audience Hall, the Lion Staircase, and the Mirror Wall. The palace is an architectural masterpiece and gives visitors a glimpse into the lifestyle of the ancient Sinhalese royalty.

Ruins of the ancient palace in Sigiriya Rock, Sri Lanka, with palace walls and a water pond in sight.

The Water Gardens

The water gardens at Sigiriya are a true testament to ancient engineering and design. The intricate system of pools, fountains, and streams is absolutely stunning. However, the true marvel of these gardens lies in the engineering that makes them function. The fountains, for example, are pressure-operated, functioning without the need for modern pumps. Pipes carved through the rock bring up the water to the top. How this was actually achieved is a mystery to this day.

The Sigiriya Frescoes

One of the most fascinating features of Sigiriya is the frescoes that adorn the rock face. The frescoes are located on the western face of the rock, and they are best viewed in the morning or evening light. The frescoes are a series of paintings of women thought to be the king's wives or divine beings. The paintings showcase an advanced understanding of human anatomy and movement, with each figure gracefully poised and adorned with intricate jewelry and colorful garments. The skillful use of shading, color, and perspective in the frescoes is truly awe-inspiring and will leave you with a lasting impression of the artistic heritage of ancient Sri Lanka. They are considered some of the finest examples of ancient art in Sri Lanka.

The Mirror Wall

Sigiriya's mirror walls are another feature of the fortress. They were supposedly so well polished in ancient times that one could see his reflection. Ancient visitors wrote inscriptions and poems on these walls. The inscriptions found on the wall range from poetic verses to declarations of love, offering a unique perspective on the thoughts and emotions of those who visited Sigiriya centuries ago. As you walk along the mirror wall, take a moment to appreciate the connection between the past and the present, and imagine the countless individuals who have stood in the same spot, marveling at the splendor of Sigiriya. This graffiti provides a glimpse into the thoughts and experiences of visitors from ages ago, offering a unique perspective on the history and significance of the fortress and the Sinhala language.

There is an entrance fee to visit Sigiriya, and tickets can be purchased at the site or in advance through a travel agency.

Accommodation

There are plenty of accommodation options in the Sigiriya area. The area around Sigiriya is especially known to have several luxury hotels and resorts. But accommodations for any kind of budget, such as hostels, Airbnbs, and homestays, are available. Booking your accommodation in advance is recommended, especially during the peak tourist season.

Transportation

Sigiriya is well-connected to other parts of Sri Lanka by road. You can reach the site by your own vehicle, taxi, tuk-tuk, or bus.

Guided tours

To get the most out of your visit to Sigiriya, we advise that you hire a knowledgeable local guide. A guide can provide valuable insights into the history, culture, and engineering of the site and ensure that you don't miss any important features.

Photography

While photography is allowed in most areas of Sigiriya, certain sections may have restrictions, especially where frescoes and other delicate artworks are present. Be respectful of the site and follow any posted guidelines or instructions from your guide.

Supporting the local community

Consider supporting the local community by purchasing souvenirs, handicrafts, or food from nearby vendors. This not only provides an authentic experience but also contributes to the local economy and helps preserve the heritage of the region.

Tips and Advice

Wear comfortable shoes and clothing, as the climb to the top, can be strenuous.
Start your climb early in the morning to avoid the heat and crowds.
Carry plenty of water with you.
Respect the cultural and historical significance of the site by not littering or causing damage to the fortress or its surroundings.
If you are not fit for this climb, an alternative route is available to reach the top. Or you can simply admire the view of the fortress from the bottom.
Make sure to take your camera to capture the stunning views and beautiful frescoes.
The climb is filled with many smaller sites offering a wealth of cultural and historical knowledge. So make sure to hire a guide to get an in-depth understanding.
The nearby Pidurangala Rock is a famous viewpoint and offers one of the best views of Sigiriya, so consider hiking there as well.

Nearby Attractions

Pidurangala Rock: Just a few kilometers away from Sigiriya, Pidurangala Rock is an ideal destination for those looking to escape the crowds and experience a more serene hike. The climb to the summit offers breathtaking views of Sigiriya Rock and the surrounding jungle. Pidurangala Rock also has its own historical significance, as it once served as a monastery for Buddhist monks.
Dambulla: Dambulla is a fascinating city situated in close proximity to Sigiriya, rich with historical, cultural, and religious significance. This enchanting destination is home to the iconic Dambulla Cave Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its stunning rock cave murals and intricate architecture. There are also several other wonderful attractions, such as the Rose Quartz Mountain, the Kandalama reservoir, and the Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs. Find out more about the top things to do in Dambulla.
Minneriya National Park: Approximately 34 km from Sigiriya, Minneriya National Park is an excellent place to experience Sri Lanka's wildlife. The park is home to a variety of animals, including elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and many species of birds. Minneriya is best known for "The Gathering," an annual event where hundreds of elephants congregate around the park's central reservoir during the dry season. This is the largest gathering of Asian elephants in the world.
Anuradhapura: About 73 km from Sigiriya, Anuradhapura is another UNESCO World Heritage Site that displays the rich history and culture of ancient Sri Lanka. The city was the first capital of Sri Lanka and flourished for over a thousand years. Today, visitors can explore the well-preserved ruins of ancient palaces, temples, and stupas that provide a fascinating insight into the past.
Polonnaruwa: Located about 60 km from Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa is another UNESCO World Heritage Site that features the ruins of an ancient city. Polonnaruwa was the second capital of the island and served as the royal capital from the 11th to the 13th century. The site is home to well-preserved palaces, temples, and other structures that showcase the skill and craftsmanship of the ancient Sinhalese civilization.

Sigiriya is one of the world's most iconic landmarks and, without a doubt, Sri Lanka's number one travel destination. It is revered by Sri Lankans and hailed as a national treasure. If you visit Sri Lanka, this is one place you definitely should explore. Explore the ancient architecture, history, and culture while taking some incredible photos. It will be a journey to remember!

Wonders Of Ceylon

Sri Lanka travel guide

Ultimate Guide to Sigiriya -The Lion Rock in Sri Lanka

Nicknamed the eighth wonder of the world, Sigiriya is the most remarkable cultural landmark in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya or the Lion Rock is an ancient rock fortress created in the 5th century AD. This 200 m tall huge rock is towering over the surrounding greenery of the plains in central Sri Lanka. Sigiriya Rock Fortress remained the capital of Sri Lanka for 22 years, due to the strategic advantage of this location.

Sigiriya fortress complex has significant archaeological importance, and it is a UNESCO world heritage site in the country. It stands as testimony to the great architectural skills and urban planning of ancient Sri Lankans. Since Sigiriya is one of the most valuable historical monuments in the country, it attracts thousands of visitors every year. Especially, it is highly famous among tourists, making Sigiriya the most visited tourist destination on the island.

Access to Sigiriya

Sigiriya has located 150 km from Colombo , between the towns of Dambulla and Habarana. If you hire a taxi to Sigiriya, it may cost around 80 USD. You can reach Sigiriya within 2 and half hours from Colombo by taxi.

The cheapest way to get there is to take a bus or train from Colombo. As there is no direct bus or train that goes to Sigiriya, you need to travel to Habarana which locates 15 km away. Then you can take a tuk-tuk ride to the destination. Overall, Sigiriya is reachable within 3 and a half hours from Colombo.

The quickest way to get to Sigiriya from Colombo is by flying there directly. Cinnamon Air operates daily flights from the domestic terminal of the Colombo Airport to Sigiriya. It will take only 30 minutes to reach Sigiriya by air.

Though Sigiriya is a marvelous creation, it has a quite dramatic historical background. The creator of Sigiriya was King Kashyapa, who was the eldest son of King Dhatusena. Since he was the son of a non-royal concubine, he wasn’t the heir to the throne. Moggallana, the son of the royal consort was the rightful heir to the throne. Therefore, Kashyapa acquired the throne by overthrowing King Dhatusena, while his brother Moggallana fled for his life.

As a result, King Kashyapa was disgraced among the public. Fearing an evident attack from Moggallana, Kashyapa moved his capital to Sigiriya Rock. At Sigiriya, he constructed a large citadel on top of the huge rock and an elaborate city with all the facilities. Since this rock fortress was rising high above the surrounding plain, it offered him a safe and secure place. He could get an unhindered view of any advancement of intruders from all directions, which ensured his protection.

King Kashyapa reigned for 22 years until Moggallana came back with his armies and defeated him. According to history, King Kashyapa killed himself with his own sword in the battle. After ending Kashyapa’s reign as the king of Sri Lanka, Moggallana moved back to the ancient capital of Anuradhapura . This was the sad end of gorgeous Sigiriya as the capital of Sri Lanka.

Here we are going to give you a complete guide to Sigiriya in Sri Lanka. Since we have climbed Sigiriya rock several times, we are quite knowledgeable about the travel guidelines. Therefore, we have summarized the best travel tips and main things to see in Sigiriya -the Lion Rock in Sri Lanka.

1. Entrance of Sigiriya

Opening hours of Sigiriya run from 7.00 am to 5.30 pm every day. Foreigners need to pay 30 USD for the entrance fee. This will also grant access to the Sigiriya Museum.

2. Garden of Sigiriya

As you enter Sigiriya, you’ll first walk through this beautiful garden as you make your way to the towering Lion’s Rock ahead. This garden of the Sigiriya is one of the most important aspects of this rock fortress. There are large ponds and moats around the Sigiriya Castle ground. The garden consisted of a number of ponds, fountains, and other structures.

It’s believed there was a complex underground irrigation system to supply water to these ponds. With a number of water gardens and terraced gardens, Sigiriya is among the oldest landscaped gardens in the world. Therefore, be sure to take some time to appreciate the ancient gardening skills of Sri Lankans.

3. Sigiriya Frescoes

After passing the gardens, you’ll approach the staircase which winds its way up Sigiriya Lion Rock. Along this way, you can see ancient Sigiriya frescoes painted on the rock wall of a cave. These frescoes are one of the major things to see in Sigiriya. The frescoes are depicting maidens carrying flowers, wearing elaborate jewels on their hair, ears, and arms. Large hooped earrings dangle from their ears and they wear armlets as well as bangles.

It’s believed the western wall of Sigiriya was almost entirely covered by frescoes, but only eighteen frescoes have survived today. You’ll see these paintings are highly skilled creations on the plastered and polished rock walls. Needless to say, Sigiriya Rock may look like beautiful heaven with all its painted glory in the past.

Most importantly, there is a notice to refrain from taking photos of the frescoes because the camera flash makes a bad impact on the frescoes. Since these ancient paintings are in a fragile state, we need to protect them. Therefore, kindly respect the rule and avoid taking pictures or touching these thousand years old paintings.

4. Mirror Wall

Mirror Wall is one of the most striking features of Sigiriya. The Mirror wall is made of brick masonry and covered in highly polished white plaster. It calls as Ketapath Pawura in Sinhala because it was polished so thoroughly as a mirror, that the king could see his reflection in it.

There are inscriptions and poems written by the visitors of Sigiriya. The most ancient inscriptions date from the 8th century. They are proving that Sigiriya was a travel destination, even more than a thousand years ago.

Ancient visitors scribbled verses about the beauty of Sigiriya paintings. There are over 1,000 pieces of graffiti, scratched by the pilgrims who visited the site in the past. But further writing on Mirror Wall is banned for the protection of the old writings.

5. Lion’s Paws

The main entrance located on the northern side of the rock was designed in the form of a huge stone lion. The majestic paws of the lion have survived up to today, where the upper parts of the body were destroyed. According to archeologists, the palace was looking like a squatting lion during its heydays.

This sculpted lion gate gives a grand and majestic entrance to the visitors. You’ll go through this gate to enter the narrow pathway leading to the top of the rock. This final ascent along the metal stairway is quite steep, but you can climb to the top with only a little effort.

6. Ruins on the Top

Past the massive stone lion paws, there are around 1,200 steps up to the summit of Sigiriya rock. But it’s not a strenuous hike, you can easily climb along the metal stairway.

At the top of Sigiriya Rock, there is a vast complex of ruins including remnants of King’s palace, surrounded by an extensive network of fortifications, gardens, ponds, canals, and fountains. Large pools are constructed on the top to make sure there is an abundant water supply for the royals.

You’ll see there are stone steps leading down into the water of the pools indicating that they were swimming pools. Especially, the large pond on top of Sigiriya was considered as the swimming pool for King Kashyapa and his royal family.

7. Panoramic View from the Top

Once you reach the top, you’ll feel that hard work paid off with a spectacular panoramic view over the surrounding plains. The top view of the elegantly landscaped garden shows perfect symmetrical linear pathways running for several hundreds of meters.

You’ll see the panoramic view is so fascinating and lion paws look amazing from the top. The summit is quite windy, and the breeze is cool and refreshing. Definitely, the breathtaking scenery at the top will be completely worthy of your visit.

The following are the important guidelines to consider when visiting Sigiriya. Climbing Sigiriya Rock under the tropical sun may be a little bit of a challenge for tourists. Therefore, start your climb as early as in the morning to avoid the heat of the sun at noon. Be sure to take a bottle of water and keep yourself hydrated. Wear comfortable, breathable clothes as well as comfy shoes for the climb. Wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreens if you are climbing in the noon. Pack lightly as much as possible, with only the essential items for climbing.

Noticeboard of hornet attack in Sigiriya

Most importantly, do not make a huge noise, while hiking up to the summit. Hornet nests are there in some of the rocks in the surrounding. They won’t disturb you until you disturb them. Above all, remember to avoid using drones , since hornets get disturbed by the sound of drones. Therefore, the use of drones is strictly prohibited within Sigiriya premises.

To sum up, here we have bought you the details of the most valuable cultural landmark in Sri Lanka, the Sigiriya Rock Fortress. Since the entrance fee of Sigiriya costs 35 USD, some budget travelers skip it and visit nearby Pidurangala Rock. But we strongly recommend Sigiriya as one of the best places to visit in Sri Lanka . With its epic photogenic beauty, Sigiriya won’t disappoint any of the visitors. Welcome guys, Happy traveling to Sigiriya for you all!

Text by Magnificent Sri Lanka. Images from Wikimedia Commons, Pixabay, Twitter, and us. Copyrights reserved by original authors.

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Sigiriya Rock Fortress

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Sigiriya, Eighth Wonder of the World

Sigiriya is one of the most valuable historical monuments of Sri Lanka. Referred by locals as the Eighth Wonder of the World, this ancient palace and fortress complex has significant archaeological importance and attracts thousands of tourists annually. It is probably the most visited tourist destination in Sri Lanka.

The palace is located in the heart of the island between Dambulla and Habarane on a massive rocky plateau 370 meters above sea level. Entrance to Sigiria can only be purchased at the site! See available tours:

Sigiriya rock plateau, formed from the magma of an extinct volcano, is 200 meters higher than the surrounding jungles. Its view astonishes the visitors with the unique harmony between nature and human imagination.

The fortress complex includes remnants of a ruined palace, surrounded by an extensive network of fortifications, vast gardens, ponds, canals, alleys, and fountains.

The surrounding territories of Sigiriya were inhibited for several thousand years. Since the 3rd century BC, the rocky plateau of Sigiriya has served as a monastery. In the second half of the 5th-century king, Kasyapa constructed a royal residence here.

After his death, Sigiriya again became a Buddhist monastery until the 14th century, when it was abandoned.

The main entrance is located on the northern side of the rock. It was designed as a huge stone lion whose feet have survived until today, but the upper parts of the body were destroyed.

Thanks to this lion, the palace was named Sigiriya. The term Sigiriya originates from the word Sihagri, i.e., Lion Rock.

The western wall of Sigiriya was almost entirely covered by frescoes created during the reign of Kasyapa. Eighteen frescoes have survived to this day.

The frescoes depict nude females and are considered to be either portraits of Kadapa’s wives and concubines or priestesses performing religious rituals. Despite the unknown identity of the females depicted in the frescoes, these unique ancient paintings celebrate female beauty and have incredible historical significance.

One of the most striking features of Sigiriya is its Mirror wall. In the old days, it was polished so thoroughly that the king could see his reflection. The Mirror wall is painted with inscriptions and poems written by the visitors of Sigiriya.

The most ancient inscriptions are dated from the 8th century. These inscriptions prove that Sigiriya was a tourist destination over a thousand years ago. Today, painting on the wall is strictly prohibited.

Daily Tours at Sigiriya

Here, you can find available tours to visit Sigiriya.

Sigiriya Photos

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My country – (මගේ රට), yala sanctuary – (යාල අභය භූමිය)..., sorabora wewa – (සොරබොර වැව)..., beach – (මුහුදු වෙරළ), anagarika dharmapala – (අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා)..., a night in a ‘hane pale’ -(හේනේ පැලක ර....

Kadisara Mee massa Sinhala essay (හරි කඩිසර මී මැස්සා)

Essays Sinhala Grade 5 | 0 |

Kadisara Mee massa Sinhala essay (හරි කඩිසර මී මැස්සා) Very diligent bee. The bee is a small...

Essays Sinhala Grade 7 | 0 |

Mage Rata sinhala essay(මගේ රට ගැන රචනා) You can also see My country essay in English . ...

Yala Sanctuary – (යාල අභය භූමිය)

Essays Sinhala Grade 4 | 0 |

Yala Abaya Bumiya sinhala essay The area set aside for wildlife to live freely is considered a...

Sorabora Wewa – (සොරබොර වැව)

Sorabora wawa sinhala essay Sorabora Wewa is located in the Mahiyangana area in the Badulla...

muhudu werala sinhala essay Our village has a beautiful beach. Since our village is located in the...

Anagarika Dharmapala – (අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා)

Anagarika Darmapala sinhala essay There are many scholars who have worked hard to make our...

A night in a ‘hane pale’ -(හේනේ පැලක රැයක්)

Hene palaka rayak sinhala essay Our great uncle lived in Buttala, Moneragala. This time we went to...

A story -(කතන්දරයක්)

kathandarayak sinhala essay It rains a lot when Aruni comes home from school. Aruni can’t...

Cleanliness-(පිරිසිඳුකම)

Essays Sinhala Grade 3 | 0 |

Pirisidukama sinhala essay Lack of cleanliness can lead to disease.If our body is not clean...

I remember I went to school-(මට මතකයි පාසල් ගිය මං)

Mata mathakai sinhala essay The first school I went to was Galnewa Maha Vidyalaya.In the...

Uncle Milk-(කිරි මාමා)

Kiri mama sinhala essay Uncle Kiri wakes us up in the morning.Early in the morning he came...

Water-(ජලය)

Jalaya sinhala essay Water is indispensable for everyone.We can stay a few days without...

Sinhala Baby names for Girls |දුවට නමක් | ඔ
Sinhala Baby names for Girls |දුවට නමක් | උ
Sinhala Baby names for Girls |දුවට නමක් | එ
Sinhala Baby names for Girls |දුවට නමක් | ඊ
Sinhala Baby names for Girls |දුවට නමක් | ඉ
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SouthEastAsia (Sigiriya) සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2007-12-29 at the Wayback Machine; 100 most beautiful sites on the planet . Lankadeepa:::Urumaya:::Sigiriya සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2008-12-25 at the Wayback Machine; Sigiriya Featured on Ancient Aliens- Documentary of History Channel is wrong?

100 % FREE SINHALA ESSAYS FOR GRADE 6. Sinhala essays (Sinhala Rachana) for Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7. We are excited to announce that we are working with more new features to guide parents and students on essay writing. Writing is one of the essential skills for your child's education.

Hello everyone,This video is giving you some details, to write an essay in sinhala. Hope this will help parents and adults, to get an idea to teach your chil...

12160. Located in the Matale District of Central Province, Sigiriya Rock Fortress owns a striking geological profile and famous as an astonishing feat of ancient technology and town planning. It is rock plateau rises to a height of about 200 meters above the surrounding plain or 360 meters above the mean sea level.

Hello everyone,This video is about Sigiriya in Sinhala. Hope this will help parents and adults, to get an idea to teach your child, about writing an essay.Wa...

Sigiriya or Sinhagiri (Lion Rock Sinhala: ... This couplet uses a play on words as in the combination of hasun (message) with hasun (swans). The poet's eagerness to hear from his lady love is compared to the bee's fascination for lotus blooms, whose large petals provide it an easy landing pad to drink its nectar and frolic if it wishes ...

View in GIS App. Department of ArchaeologySir Marcus Fernando Mawatha,Colombo - 07, Sri Lanka.Phone : +94 11 2692840, +94 11 2692841Fax : +94 11 2696250Email : [email protected] . Quick Links.

The gardens at Sigiriya are not only the best-preserved water gardens in South Asia but some of the oldest landscaped gardens in the world. Important guests in the 5th Century would have walked a ...

Subscribe @essaygallery8335 to get more simple essays...#english #සිංහල #essays #essaysforkids #simpleessay #sigiriya #essayonsigiriya #සීගිරිය # ...

Sigiriya, Sri Lanka. Sigiriya, Sri Lanka, designated a World Heritage site in 1982. The Sinhalese king Kashyapa I (reigned 477-495) built a palace in the shape of a monumental lion on the several acres of ground at the summit, intending it to be a safeguard against his enemies. However, the king was defeated in 495, and the palace fell into ruin.

The Sigiriya Lion Rock from above: Photo by Dylan Shaw on Unsplash. Sigiriya, an ancient rock fortress and a former royal palace, is one of Sri Lanka's most visited and best-known sights ...

PDF | An account of the reign of the parricide king Kasyapa of Sri Lanka and the fortress he constructed as a refuge from his brother. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

Sigiriya Rock Fortress. Sigiriya is a one of the famous and most attractive place in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya means lion's rock. Hight of the rock is around 200 meters. According to the history of Sri Lanka this rock used as a kingdom in Sri Lanka by king Kashyapa in 5th century. This rock is one of the UNESCO heritages in Sri Lanka.

It was designed as a huge stone lion whose feet have survived until today, but the upper parts of the body were destroyed. Thanks to this lion, the palace was named Sigiriya. The term Sigiriya originates from the word Sihagri, i.e., Lion Rock. The western wall of Sigiriya was almost entirely covered by frescoes created during the reign of Kasyapa.

Sigiriya absolutely dominates the surrounding landscape. Visible for miles around, the rock towers out over the forests and paddy fields below. It was built by King Kashyapa in the fifth century after he had usurped the throne, exiled his brother and caused the death of his father (he was a busy boy!).

Anagarika Darmapala sinhala essay There are many scholars who have worked hard to make our... Read More A night in a 'hane pale' -(හේනේ පැලක රැයක්)

Dancing rocks. September 1999. B Craig. December 2001. E Miller. Karen Gregory. PDF | On Jan 1, 2009, Rohan Wickramasinghe published Sigiriya: The Rock Fortress | Find, read and cite all the ...

20 lines for sigiriya essay in english and sinhala

Sigiriya Essay 100 Words In English - 2. Sigiriya, a famous tourist destination in Sri Lanka, is one of the UNESCO heritage sites. Celebrated today as the eighth wonder of the world, Sigiriya was built in the 5th century by King Kashyapa. It is almost 200 meters high. The beautiful paintings here are world-famous and some of them can be seen ...

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100 Words Essay On I Went On A Trip To Sigiriya In English

My trip to Sigiriya was nothing short of a magical one!

Situated in Sri Lanka, it is the perfect tourist spot for history lovers like me!

Also referred to as Sinhagiri, Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress. This famous world heritage spot is, in fact, the ruins of a palace atop a massive 200-meter-high rock, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs and other structures. The rock, interestingly, is a lava plug left over from an ancient long extinct volcano.

Everyone ought to visit Sigiriya, the Lion City, at least once in their lives!

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sigiriya essay in sinhala
The Sigiriya I saw-(මා දුටු සීගිරිය)
The Sigiriya I saw-(මා දුටු සීගිරිය)
Essay on Sigiriya # A Famous Place in Sri Lanka # The Lion Rock
(PDF) Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka
Sigiri Rock Sri lanka|Sigiriya history|Sigiriya Essay in English

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A description of Sigiriya
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Sigiriya
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එදිනෙදා ජීවිතයේ වචනවල බලය දියුණුවට යොදාගමු.. Power of words

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සීගිරිය
SouthEastAsia (Sigiriya) සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2007-12-29 at the Wayback Machine; 100 most beautiful sites on the planet . Lankadeepa:::Urumaya:::Sigiriya සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2008-12-25 at the Wayback Machine; Sigiriya Featured on Ancient Aliens- Documentary of History Channel is wrong?
The Sigiriya I saw-(මා දුටු සීගිරිය)
100 % FREE SINHALA ESSAYS FOR GRADE 6. Sinhala essays (Sinhala Rachana) for Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7. We are excited to announce that we are working with more new features to guide parents and students on essay writing. Writing is one of the essential skills for your child's education.
Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka
Inscribed today on UNESCO's World Heritage List, Sigiriya, an archaeological site in central Sri Lanka, may be one of the oldest gardens known in Asia. The late antique (4th-7th century) remains of buildings, zoomorphic architecture and rock paintings upon its central outcrop have elicited interpretation since the late 19th century (Figs 1 ...
සීගිරිය සිංහල රචනාව
Hello everyone,This video is giving you some details, to write an essay in sinhala. Hope this will help parents and adults, to get an idea to teach your chil...
Sigiriya Rock Fortress
12561. Located in the Matale District of Central Province, Sigiriya Rock Fortress owns a striking geological profile and famous as an astonishing feat of ancient technology and town planning. It is rock plateau rises to a height of about 200 meters above the surrounding plain or 360 meters above the mean sea level.
#essay සීගිරිය සිංහල රචනා
Hello everyone,This video is about Sigiriya in Sinhala. Hope this will help parents and adults, to get an idea to teach your child, about writing an essay.Wa...
English in Sinhala
It is Sigiriya. Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress. It is/was built by King Sigiri Kasyapa. It is located in Matale. Sigiriya is a tourist attraction. Even today, you can see active water gardens, murals and ruins. The mirror wall is my favorite. Sigiriya is a world heritage site. So, we should protect it. Thank you. සිංහල ...
Sigiriya
Sigiriya, site in central Sri Lanka consisting of the ruins of an ancient stronghold that was built in the late 5th century ce on a remarkable monolithic rock pillar. The rock, which is so steep that its top overhangs the sides, rises to an elevation of 1,144 feet (349 metres) above sea level and is some 600 feet (180 metres) above the ...
My favourite place in Sri Lanka
2021-05-30 -. Sigiriya is one of my favourite places in Sri Lanka. It is situated in the Matale district, near the town of Dambulla in the Central Province. Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress built by King Kashyapa in the Anuradhapura era. Sigiriya is also called the Lion Rock or Lion Mountain.
Sigiriya, the 'Lion Fortress' of Sri Lanka
Perched on a slab of rock that juts dramatically over the forests of central Sri Lanka, Sigiriya is as imposing a sight now as it must have been when it was first built by a fierce king in the ...
Sigiriya
Sigiriya or Sinhagiri (Lion Rock Sinhala: ... This couplet uses a play on words as in the combination of hasun (message) with hasun (swans). The poet's eagerness to hear from his lady love is compared to the bee's fascination for lotus blooms, whose large petals provide it an easy landing pad to drink its nectar and frolic if it wishes ...
Sigiriya, The 'Lion Rock Fortress' Of Sri Lanka
The Sigiriya Lion Rock from above: Photo by Dylan Shaw on Unsplash. Sigiriya, an ancient rock fortress and a former royal palace, is one of Sri Lanka's most visited and best-known sights ...
Sigiriya Frescoes,History,Mirror Wall,Water Technology,Photos
Another interesting construction of Sigiriya Rock Fortress is the Sigiriya Mirror Wall, which is covered with graffiti that consists of Sinhala Poems from the 7th to the 10th centuries AD. These were written by the people who came to see Sigiriya during those long years. These are called as "Sigiri kurutu gee" by the local population.
Sigiriya
Subscribe @essaygallery8335 to get more simple essays...#english #සිංහල #essays #essaysforkids #simpleessay #sigiriya #essayonsigiriya #සීගිරිය # ...
PDF SIGIRIYA
SIGIRIYA INTRODUCTION Sigiriya is an exception to the majority of archaeological sites in Sri Lanka. Most of the ruins found in the ancient cities of Sri Lanka depict a religious character. Sigiriy differs from them in being secular, with its pleasure gardens and frescoes of beautiful feminine figures. The
English in Sinhala
Posted at 16:36h in EXTRA, Spoken English by Ven. Meththa 0 Comments. 4 Likes. Sigiriya is my favouirte historical place *********** Hello everyone, my topic is "My Favorite Historical Place.". It is Sigiriya. Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress. It is/was built by King Sigiri Kasyapa. It is located in Matale. Sigiriya is a tourist attraction.
Sigiriya Rock Fortress
Sigiriya Rock Fortress. Sigiriya is a one of the famous and most attractive place in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya means lion's rock. Hight of the rock is around 200 meters. According to the history of Sri Lanka this rock used as a kingdom in Sri Lanka by king Kashyapa in 5th century. This rock is one of the UNESCO heritages in Sri Lanka.
Sigiriya Essay 100 Words In English
Sigiriya Essay 100 Words In English - 2. Sigiriya, a famous tourist destination in Sri Lanka, is one of the UNESCO heritage sites. Celebrated today as the eighth wonder of the world, Sigiriya was built in the 5th century by King Kashyapa. It is almost 200 meters high. The beautiful paintings here are world-famous and some of them can be seen ...
sigiriya essay 200 words sinhala
A 500-word essay averages two double-spaced pages. The length of a document depends on the paper and margin sizes as well as the general text formatting.... An essay containing 200 words is limited in length, requiring between three and five paragraphs depending on the sentence structure and vocabulary used. An essay is a short piece of writing about a particular topic....
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* මෙම පාඩම විෂය නිර්දේශයට අනුකූලව සකස් කර ඇත._____🔹 අනිත් පාඩම් මේ ලින්ක් ...
Sigiriya
Sigiriya (Lion's rock), is an ancient rock fortress and palace ruin situated in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs, and other structures. A popular tourist destination, Sigiriya is also renowned for its ancient paintings which are reminiscent of the Ajanta Caves of ...
100 Words Essay On I Went On A Trip To Sigiriya In English
Also referred to as Sinhagiri, Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress. This famous world heritage spot is, in fact, the ruins of a palace atop a massive 200-meter-high rock, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs and other structures. The rock, interestingly, is a lava plug left over from an ancient long extinct ...
Give me an essay on Sigiriya rock fortress(100 words)
Sigiriya or Sinhagiri is an ancient rock fortress located in the northern Matale District near the town of Dambulla in the Central Province, Sri Lanka. The name refers to a site of historical and archaeological significance that is dominated by a massive column of rock nearly 200 metres (660 ft) high. According to the ancient Sri Lankan ...

The Sigiriya I saw-(මා දුටු සීගිරිය)

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Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka

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sigiriya essay 200 words sinhala

Sigiriya: An Early Designed Landscape in Sri Lanka

Related Papers

RELATED PAPERS

RELATED TOPICS

Subscribe to our mailing list

Sigiriya Rock Fortress – An introduction to the ancient wonder

Sigirya – Historical value

Architectural value

Sigiriya Artistic value

Sigiriya – A compilation of different garden types

Sigiriya Hydraulic Features

Urban Layout and planning