how to write a job application letter in german

German Cover Letter Guide [With English Sample]

Researched & written

by Yvonne Koppen

April 24, 2024

A cover letter ( Anschreiben ) might be the least important thing of the application in some countries; however, not so in Germany. Depending on the company and recruiter receiving your application, a German cover letter might be the most essential part after your CV.

A  survey  of HR Recruiters in Germany states that 42% ignore an application without an individual cover letter. The same survey also shows that for 71% of HR, a cover letter is an essential document in a job application. A job application letter conveys your level of professionalism, research capabilities, and ability to sell yourself without much fluff. 

🖌️ Table of Contents

Simple German cover letter sample in English

A cover letter in Germany ( Anschreiben ) needs to complement  your CV , but not repeat it. You can regard a cover letter as a letter of motivation filled with examples and facts. A cover letter in Germany is a very formal document that should follow a particular layout.

Read Our Related Guide

German CV Template in English

Our German-Style CV Template In English helps you to craft a killer CV. We have also created a German cover letter sample in English for you to understand what your finished document should look like.

To save you loads of time, you can download our German cover letter template . Simply go to ‘file’ and select ‘ make a copy ‘. You can then edit it to your needs.

How to write a cover letter in Germany?

We will walk you step-by-step through the areas you should include in a German cover letter. You will also learn about what the content of the cover letter should convey. 

German cover letter formal format

As mentioned before, the German cover letter is a very formal letter that should follow the following format for it to look familiar to the German eye:

• Maximum one page and don’t fill it up completely. Leave enough white space when glancing over it.
• Put your full address, including email (ideally including your name) and phone number, in the top right corner.
• Put the company’s full address on the left with one paragraph below your address. Include the name of the contact person in the second line.
• Place the date of your application right-aligned underneath the addresses.

As you might know already, Germany has tons of rules, regulations, and guidelines. Naturally, there is also a guideline for professional letter writing and correspondence, the so-called  DIN 5008 norm . It states the following margins on a DIN A4 (standard German letter paper format):

Left margin: 2,5 cm Right margin: 2,0 cm Top margin: 4,5 cm Bottom margin: 2,5 cm

Please take this information with a grain of salt. Not following this layout does not mean that any German manager or recruiter will ignore your cover letter; however, the German eye is trained and used to reading this format. Anything appearing too much out of the ordinary might get noticed negatively. Again, you can shine with your cover letter’s content, but don’t try to stand out with the format unintentionally.

1. Subject Line

The subject line in a German cover letter needs to stand out. It needs to convey with one look what position you are applying for, and you should bold it. 

2. Salutation

The salutation is extremely important – the more personalized, the better. Reflect your understanding of the company’s culture by using the first name or last name; however it is appropriate. If you can’t find enough information or are unsure, always refer to the last name. If you can’t find the relevant person’s name, don’t be shy and pick up the phone to find out more. This shows initiative and determination.

When it comes to the cover letter’s main body, you should try to stick to four paragraphs. Remember to point out what value you will bring to the company, not what you can get from the company. Your cover letter’s content needs to reflect the expectations and requirements mentioned in the job ad. So make sure to connect the dots and position yourself ahead of other candidates.

Introduction (3 – 4 lines)

The introduction should answer why you are applying for the position and how you became aware of it (through a friend, an employee at the company, a job portal, etc.). Be confident in your word choice. Don’t use insecure words such as ‘I think I would be a good fit’ but rather ‘I am confident that I will contribute to …’.

Second paragraph (5 – 6 lines)

Now it is time to shine with your skills, experience, and qualifications. Never just list things, but choose the relevant achievements and prove them with results. Don’t only refer to achievements in your work life, but if relevant, also mention efforts with private projects. This will show your personality, drive, and willingness to learn and grow beyond what you get paid for. It is absolutely ok to also write in bullet list style in this part, as long as you don’t just list things.

Third paragraph (5 – 6 lines)

After you have showcased yourself, it is time to translate how these experiences and skills will contribute to the role and company. Convey that you have taken the time to research the company by referring to the company culture, possible awards the company has won, or projects that inspire and motivate you. Be authentic and confident.

Closure (3 – 4 lines)

To close your cover letter:

• Reemphasize your eagerness to join the company in the relevant position.
• Describe your future goals and the value you can bring to the company.
• State when you will be available to start work.
• Emphasize that you’d be happy to answer any questions via phone or in a personal interview . 
• Only mention salary expectations if they are asked for in the job ad.
• Be sure to sign the cover letter with your name. 

4. Attachments

Add the word ‘Enclosure’ ( Anlage ) underneath your signature. List all the additional documents you will hand in with your application, like your CV, certificates and diplomas, reference letter, etc.

Further cover letter and job applications tips

Don’t use the same CV and cover letter for different applications. As mentioned above, you must individualize your application to each company’s needs and requirements.

If you send your application directly by email, you have two options. You can either make the email body your cover letter. In this case, remove the address and date part from the email and place the subject line in the email’s actual subject. The body of the email remains a formal letter, though.

Or you can attach the cover letter to the email and briefly point out your application to the specific position in the body of the email, referring to the attachments. 

Ensure that any attachment always has the pdf format, regardless of whether you send it by email or upload it to an online application system. Also, pay attention to the naming of the attachments and keep it clear and professional.

Your job application, namely your resume and cover letter, should answer the recruiter’s main three questions:

• Can you do the job? (Skills)
• Will you do the job? (Motivation)
• Will you fit in with the company culture? (Personality)

Be sure to evaluate your documents based on these questions before you hand them in. The goal of your CV and cover letter is to get an invitation for a job interview .

Job Interview In Germany [How-To + Tips In English]

We hope that you now have a better understanding of how a German cover letter looks and feels like. But never forget to adapt your cover letter and application to the style of the company you are applying for. There is a big difference in culture between a young international StartUp and a big traditional German enterprise. 

Download the Cover Letter Template

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About the Author

Yvonne Koppen is a researcher and writer at Simple Germany, focusing on demystifying German bureaucracy for international skilled workers.

She has lived and worked abroad, which helps her understand how difficult a move to a new country can be. Beyond her professional pursuits, Yvonne loves to plan and go on road trips, puzzle, and do a triathlon here and there.

She is committed to creating accessible, empowering content through her writing and YouTube videos. Yvonne's passion for continuous learning and her ability to simplify complex topics make her an invaluable resource for expats seeking to navigate their new life in Germany.

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How To Write A German Cover Letter – A Step By Step Guide

by Cheryl Howard | Apr 7, 2024 | Berlin Guides , Job Applications , Working In Berlin | 0 comments

HOW TO WRITE A GERMAN COVER LETTER – A STEP BY STEP GUIDE

Have you been l ooking for a job in Germany, applying for several positions, and finding that you’re not getting any responses? It happens to the best of us, even to those who work in   highly demanded professions   like software developers, marketing professionals, economists, and more.

Searching for a job , especially one right for you, is a daunting task that takes   a lot   of work, patience, and perseverance. When you add looking for a job in a foreign country like Germany into the mix, it’s even more challenging. You’re probably unfamiliar with the country’s norms when creating job applications and could unknowingly be making mistakes. What’s more, a lot of the information about how to write a German cover letter is often outdated and/or created by people with zero experience in recruiting.

The most significant part of getting noticed by German employers is your ability to put together a solid job application, which usually includes a well-written and designed cover letter and CV that tells a story about you and why you’re uniquely qualified for that position.

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 WRITE A GERMAN COVER LETTER LIKE A SEASONED PRO

📖 📖 📖 Bookmark THIS extensive guide on how to write a German cover letter and use it as a frame of reference when applying for jobs in Germany.

1) Are Cover Letters Really Needed?

As you’re searching for a job in Berlin, or anywhere in Germany for that matter, have you asked yourself these questions:

1) Do I need to write a German cover letter when I’m applying for jobs?

2) Are cover letters relevant when my CV already tells my story?

3) Does anyone even bother to read cover letters?

Let me tell you a story:

I worked for one company when a member of senior management asked, “Why do people write cover letters? I   never   read them. I only want to see their CV, and I’ll get in touch if it’s interesting. I’m way too busy to read both cover letters and CVs.”

A very fair point and I agree with him 100%. His pain was also my pain, as I was reviewing several job applications each day and looking at people we could potentially add to our team. It was time-consuming and tedious, especially when we wanted to ensure whoever applied was given a fair shot.

It’s true that not every recruiter or hiring manager will read it (like that manager), and some companies (like where I currently work) even ask candidates   not   to submit cover letters. However, many companies still expect to see one.

So do you need a German cover letter? Yes, most definitely. Even though they feel like a waste of time (and sometimes really are), cover letters are essential when applying for jobs in Berlin or elsewhere in Deutschland.

2) Why Should I Write A German Cover Letter?

There are a number of good arguments about why you should take the time to write up a cover letter for your job applications:

1) There’s a slight chance that not submitting a cover letter will result in immediate rejection. A recruiter or hiring manager may think that if you didn’t put in the effort to make a cover letter, why should they even consider you for the job? While this is silly, don’t take a chance and make it a habit always to include a cover letter.

​2) Some (not all) HR software scans submitted documents looking for specific keywords. A cover letter that mentions certain keywords from the job description could help you bubble to the top of the candidate pool, where you’re more likely to get noticed before other candidates.

3) Called a motivation letter in Germany ( Motivationsschreiben ), a cover letter is your chance to shine. It’s when you can tell the company why you want to work for them, explain how uniquely qualified you are for that role, and really make your personality come through.

​Think of it like this – when you go to the theatre to watch a movie, you’ll see trailers for upcoming flicks. They only last one or two minutes, but if the trailer is really good, they’ve hooked you, and eventually, you’re going to go out and watch that movie.

Your cover letter is exactly like that movie trailer. It’s a preview of your CV and you as a person. A cover letter’s main call to action is to make the person reading it want to know more. They’ll spend time reviewing your CV and, hopefully, contact you for that first interview.

4) A cover letter shows diligence and interest from your side. Employers are keen to know why you want to work for them, learn why you’re the person they should hire, and if you’re passionate about your chosen field.

If a cover letter is done well, in the sense that it’s framed as a well-written and compelling narrative, it’ll motivate the employer to contact you for an interview. Most people do really read them, so it’s worth spending time writing one that makes you stand out from other applicants.

3) How Do I Structure A German Cover Letter?

Following a fixed structure and method that you can repeat for each new job application makes writing a cover letter way easier.

Always include these vital elements in a cover letter:

1)   Salutation   – Address your cover letter to that person using formal German greetings such as “Dear Herr Müller” or “Dear Frau Schmidt.” If no contact is listed or you’re unsure about which greeting to use (you don’t ever want to address someone as Herr when they’re a Frau, for example), use a generic greeting such as “Dear hiring manager” or “To whom it may concern.” If you read other online texts saying that you  always  have to specify a specific contact name, this is very untrue. More and more German companies are refraining from adding contact names to job descriptions to avoid being spammed by applicants. So don’t stress out on this point at all, as using a generic greeting is not only expected but completely acceptable.

2) Intro   – This section should be one paragraph maximum. Personalize your cover letter by telling the company  why you want to work there.  Be specific and use supporting examples gleaned from company research. Doing so will impress the company and show you did your homework before applying. Remember that this section is not about you but about them as an organization. Avoid self-serving statements when telling them why you want to work there. For example, don’t say you want to work there because the office is down the street from your flat or you heard they pay exceptionally high salaries. Instead, say you’re impressed with the company culture, that you identify with their sustainability mission, and that you want to be part of building out the next stage of their growth.

​ 3) About You   – This section can be one or two paragraphs long and is the “meat” of the cover letter and where you need to sell yourself. Pull points from the job description to tell your potential employer   why you’re uniquely qualified for the position . Build on those points by using personal examples that draw from your experience, education, and more. Ensure your examples are specific, build on one another in a complementing fashion, and tell an exciting story. Say that the role calls for someone with leadership experience. You can tell them that you have 10 years of experience managing distributed teams of varying sizes. You can further say that you excel at creating and maintaining high-performing teams with a track record of meeting deadlines. And finish by telling them how you launched a project that helped the company make millions of euros. Whatever you do, don’t just list a bunch of keywords, repeat the job description itself, or write a novel.

4) Closin g   – Reiterate your excitement about the company and the open position. Let them know you want to learn more and would welcome a chance for an interview. Be sure to tell them about your availability and how to best get in touch.

A few more tips about how to structure a German cover letter:

1) If you’re sending the cover letter by email or uploading it to an applicant tracking system, you don’t need to include the address information of yourself or the company. For that matter, a signature isn’t required either. These things are entirely unnecessary and irrelevant as we no longer live in the Stone Age.

2) If anyone prints or references your cover letter for an interview, you can leave the date on it so they know when you applied for the role.

Strive to ensure the narrative in the letter flows well and tells a unique story about you and why they should hire you over anyone else out there.

4) Should I Customize My Cover Letter For Job Applications ?

Yes, we know. It’s   a lot   of work to create a new cover letter every time you apply for a job, but sending the same cover letter out won’t do anymore. You need to show employers you took time to research their company, tell them why you want to work there, and why they should hire you.

This is why personalizing the cover letter is really important. They need to see the real you and that you were thoughtful in your job application. Anything less makes it look like you’re not really interested in the role and could see your job application land in the recruiter’s NO pile.

Suppose a cover letter is simply a regurgitation of the job description or a generic copy-and-paste text you’ve used for every job application. The recruiter or hiring manager will easily be able to spot this and may make the company less likely to contact you. Again, don’t take a chance.

Read about how to customize cover letters when you’re submitting unsolicited job applications . 

5) How Do I Use Company Research In My Cover Letter?

Before writing a cover letter, we recommend that you complete in-depth research on the company to which you’re applying. The research will help you a lot, especially as it’ll give you the information you can embed in your cover letter and use later to ask questions during an interview.

You need to tell the employer why you like their company and show you did your research, by looking at   Glassdoor reviews , browsing through their website, reading their press releases, etc.

Read our detailed guide about how to   research a German company .

6) How Long Should A German Cover Letter Be?

Keep the cover letter to a single page and not more than 3 – 4 paragraphs. Be succinct (i.e., avoid long wordy sentences or overuse of adjectives) and   summarize, summarize, summarize .

Pick key points from your CV and/or job description but don’t repeat things verbatim.

7) Should I Use An Automatic Text Generator or AI?

I’ve played around with ChatGPT and boy, is it good. Like really really good!

Call me old school, but in general, I’d still suggest writing your own cover letter without the help of predictive text generators or AI.

I say this for two reasons:

1) Many of these generators like Speedwrite yield text that doesn’t make much sense at all. It often reads as if it were written by a robot and spits out alternative text that says exactly the same thing but in a slightly different way.

2) Even worse, it won’t sound like you. A cover letter should be an honest and accurate reflection of who you are and how you communicate. I cannot stress that enough, especially if you’re being hired into a role where communication skills are key.

What you could do is use AI to write that very first draft cover letter. Then you could use that text as a baseline and improve it using your own words. Try out this beta AI from Imagine to get started! 

Alternatively, you can write a draft first and then use a tool like Grammarly to better what you’ve written.

We know this can be tough if you’re not writing in your native language. In these cases, make sure you get other people to proofread your cover letter or even hire a professional to help you out.

8) Should I Write My Cover Letter In German ?

Writing your cover letter in German may help you get noticed by HR software or LinkedIn search engine algorithms.

Be careful and use your best judgment here, though. It could backfire when they discover that your level of German doesn’t match the level of what’s in your cover letter.

Let me tell you another story:

A recruiter I used to work with told me that she’d found a dream candidate for a position that had been open for a long time. This person was applying from abroad and had submitted   both   their CV and cover letter in German.

The first interview was scheduled, and during the call, the recruiter was surprised to find that the candidate didn’t know any German at all. Turns out they’d paid someone to translate their documents.

Sadly, the candidate was rejected for their false claims of being fluent in German and wasting the recruiter’s time. And contrary to what many say, German fluency is absolutely essential for most available positions in the country. 

Of course, it could go the other way and the company may still hire you anyway because you’re such a good fit. But please, be honest upfront and if you decide to write your cover letter in German, indicate your language level (like B1 or C1) very prominently on your CV and in your cover letter. Then the decision will be left to the employer to contact you.

9) Can I Stretch The Truth Because Everyone Fibs A Bit?

Above all, be humble and honest about things, like your education, work experience, level of German, etc.

It’s easy to lie or exaggerate when you want a job, and we’ve all been told to “fake it until we make it,” and in many cases, it can work in your favor. But let’s be real here, this behavior is unprofessional, not to mention unethical.

Not long ago, I was shocked to read the LinkedIn profile of a former colleague who claimed to have led a high-profile project for our company. That project wasn’t even started until after that person left. This person was blatantly lying and taking credit for other people’s work that she didn’t do.

Don’t be that person. 

False claims could come back to haunt you. For example, the Berlin community is small and people know each other. A potential employer may know someone at one of your former companies and informally reach out to them for information about you.

If they uncover any lies, it will likely cost you the job, even your reputation.

Of course, be confident in your accomplishments, and don’t undersell yourself. Just make sure you’re telling the truth.

10) How Do I Create A Well Designed Cover Letter? 

You could just type of bunch of text into a Google document and send it off. But how about making your cover letter look nice using websites like   Canva   or   Edit.org , where you can find beautiful and professional templates for free?

Other things to keep in mind:

1) Use a large and readable font that considers general accessibility guidelines. Sometimes people try to jam as much information as possible onto a cover letter and to make it fit a single page using ridiculously small font sizes. Trust me – no one wants to use a magnifying glass to read your cover letter.

Use this   guide from Indeed   which speaks to the right font and font size to use on CVs, which also applies to cover letters.

2) Don’t make your paragraphs too long and use sensible spacing to make your cover letter easier to read.

3) Your   German CV   should have a similar look and feel. This way, the cover letter, and CV will appear as one fluid job application package.

11) Do I   Really   Have To Follow These Rules?

No, of course not! Our guidelines are simply here to help you write a good cover letter that’s more likely to get you noticed by German employers.

There’s no reason not to get creative and have fun with your cover letter. This may also mean breaking some of the “rules” outlined here.

Be bold and dare to take unique approaches that challenge the status quo. Perhaps give them a link to a video you made telling them why you want to work there. Share a sample of what you can do for them by sharing some insight on how you’d approach your job. Invite them to check out your blog or social media.

The sky’s the limit. A unique cover letter will help you stand apart from other candidates.

12) How Can I Ensure My German Cover Letter Is Of High Quality?

Make sure there are no spelling or grammatical errors, get the company name and other details right, and if you can, have a second or third pair of eyes review your cover letter. This can be a friend, partner, or even, a paid professional. Proofreading is essential, as if you’ve been staring at the same documents for hours, it can be super easy to miss out on small mistakes you might’ve made.

This advice might sound really obvious and basic, but trust me, I’ve seen tons of job applications with errors on them. I must also confess that I once put the wrong company name in a cover letter and somehow still got several interviews with them. Miracles happen, folks! 🤣

Anyway, avoid sloppy mistakes if you can, and make sure your German cover letter is top-notch.

What do I recommend?   Join my   Facebook community   of more than 8,000 people and ask someone there for a   cover letter exchange . Another person can review your cover letter and give you feedback and you can do the same for them.

That’s a wrap! Follow these tips to write a really good German cover letter that’s going to land you a job in Germany.

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Hi, I’m Cheryl. My mission is to help you move to Berlin and find work.

A Canadian in Berlin for 10+ years, I have the unique experience of moving to Berlin – not once, but twice. During my time in Berlin, I’ve had five different visas and worked as both a freelancer and a permanent employee for   numerous   Berlin companies. I even managed to find a new job during the pandemic  and again in 2023, during Germany’s  recession and massive layoffs in tech. 

My day job has involved work as a hiring manager, overseeing the recruitment of countless people, as well as a team coach helping teams and individuals work better and find happiness in their careers. Through my side projects, I’ve also shared my personal experiences by publishing a series of helpful blog posts, creating a thriving community of job seekers, and hosting events to help people find work in Berlin. In 2021, I decided to put my coaching and recruiting talents to use by creating The Berlin Life, bringing my existing content and community together in one spot.

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Employment guides & Tools

Cover letter in germany (anschreiben).

Together with your CV ( Lebenslauf ) , the cover letter is a key component of any job application in Germany. Far more than a mere formality, a cover letter is an important means of presenting yourself to a prospective employer. It would be difficult to land a job in Germany without one. This page walks you through the process of crafting a job-winning cover letter, with a few hints and tips about what is expected in the federal republic. 

Cover letter in German ( Anschreiben )

First things first: what is a cover letter? Although it may be tempting to send in your job application without one, a cover letter is an important part of job applications in Germany, and most hiring managers will expect to receive one, even if the vacancy listing does not explicitly specify this. 

A cover letter is a short (usually no more than one page) document that you submit together with your resume as part of your job application. Rather than simply repeating the information contained in your CV, its purpose is to expand upon it, summarising your skills and experience, explaining what makes you a good fit for the role, and (hopefully!) piquing the hiring manager’s interest. While a CV lays out the facts, your cover letter conveys more personality. You can expect to be asked about both if you make it to a job interview .

In Germany, a cover letter ( Anschreiben ) generally follows a prescribed format, which makes it easier to structure your own. 

Cover letter templates

Using a template can be a good way to get started, and will also ensure your cover letter is well-formatted. If you used a template for your CV, it’s a good idea to use the same design for your cover letter, to make your application look professional and consistent. 

The following websites offer cover letter templates: 

• Novorésumé

How to write a cover letter in Germany

German cover letters are not fundamentally different to those in other countries, with the only possible difference being they are rather formal and matter-of-fact, with no credit given to pomp, exaggerations or overly flowery language. 

As with elsewhere in the world, your cover letter in Germany should be succinct - no more than one side of A4 in size 12 font. You also do not want to present the hiring manager with a dense wall of text, so make sure to break it up into sizeable paragraphs. 

It may be time-consuming, but you should also write a unique(ish) cover letter for each job you apply for. Recruiters don’t like to receive form letters - and sending off a generic letter is a sure-fire way to ensure your application ends up in the bin. You need to explain why you want this specific position , and what makes you particularly suited for it - so tailor your cover letter based on the responsibilities and requirements outlined in the job description, and what you know about the company. 

Cover letter format

If you’re not sure where to start, it can help to break the letter down into a few sections. Almost all cover letters are structured around the same tried-and-tested format: 

• A header with your contact information
• A greeting to the hiring manager
• An opening paragraph that will grab the reader’s attention
• A second paragraph that explains why you’re the perfect fit for the job
• A third paragraph that outlines why you’re a good match for the company
• A formal closing

How to start a cover letter: With a header

Writing your contact header is a good way to ease yourself in, and ensure you’re not staring at a blank page. As with a CV, it’s important to include some basic contact information on your cover letter. You should include: 

• Phone number
• Email address
• Name of the hiring manager
• Name of the company you’re applying to

You might also consider adding your social media profiles or the address of your personal website, if these are relevant in your field and to the job you’re applying for. 

Address the hiring manager

This is where you can score some easy marks. You’d be surprised how many people open their cover letters with, “Dear Sir or Madam.” That’s one way to turn off a hiring manager. It’s much better to address your letter to them personally. That means you need to do some research. 

If you’re lucky, this information is included in the job description. You should also check the “Team” or “About us” page on the company’s website. Alternatively, you could turn to LinkedIn to find out who’s head of the relevant department. If in doubt, call up the company and ask who you should address your application to. It might make your name stick out when it comes to sifting through CVs. 

As a last resort, if you really can’t get hold of a name, address your cover letter using one of these greetings:

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department or Company Name] Team

Write your introduction

This is worth taking your time over. Companies typically receive hundreds of applications for single positions, and so they’re not going to be reading every cover letter from top to bottom. You need to grab their attention from the first paragraph. 

The key here is to not be too generic - most applicants will probably have similar work experience and interests. Instead, you need to explain what makes you unique. What is your bottom-line USP? That’s what the recruiter wants to know. 

Explain why you’re a good fit for the job

Next, it’s time to get into the meat of your letter, by outlining your professional skills, and explaining why this experience makes you better-qualified than the other applicants. It’s a good idea to have the job description to hand when you write this section. Match the requirements listed by the company to elements from your own skill set and work history, and elaborate on them. 

But there’s no way you’ll have space to cover every single detail. Instead, pick two or three of the most important requirements and use them to spin a couple of compelling stories from your own experience. 

Explain why you want to work for the company

The final section of your cover letter is just as important: explaining why you want to work for this specific company. Hiring managers want to know that you’d be a good fit for the company culture - that you want this job, not just any job - otherwise you’d be a risky hire. 

This might require you to do some extra research - what do you know about the company and its products or services? What’s the work culture like? What about that enthuses you? It pays to be super specific. 

Wrap things up

That’s it - you’re almost there! Now you need to finish with a conclusion that wraps up your letter. If you have anything else you want to say, now’s your chance. Finally, thank the hiring manager for their time (it’s only polite). 

Then, it’s time to sign off with a formal closing. You could use: 

• Best regards
• Kind regards
• Yours sincerely

Once your cover letter is finished and proofread, you’re ready to send off your application. Put your feet up and wait for a response. 

Should I write my cover letter in German?

Whether or not you should write your cover letter in German depends on a few factors, namely: 

• The language requirements of the job
• What is specified on the job description
• Your own language ability

If a job description specifies that applications should be made in German, it’s best to follow this advice. If your language ability isn’t up to the task of writing a CV and cover letter in German, it may be that the job itself is also beyond your language capabilities. 

However, an increasing number of companies in Germany, specifically international companies , are now offering English-speaking roles, although some still require you to apply in German. In this instance, it’s worth submitting your documents in German (you can ask a German-speaking friend to help, at least by checking your finished CV and cover letter over). To really show off your language skills, you could submit both English and German versions of your application. 

Cover letter examples

Not sure where to start? It can be a good idea to read some example cover letters to give you an idea of what is expected. But don’t be tempted to copy them word for word - you want to convey your own, unique personality, not someone else’s.

English cover letter sample

The internet is full of examples of cover letters written in English. Check out popular websites like Novorésumé, Monster.com, Reed, Indeed, and LiveCareer. 

German cover letter example

Checking out a German cover letter example can also be a good way of getting started, especially if German is not your native language. Look at websites like Karrierebibel, Bewerbung.net and Staufenbiel, or simply search “ Anschreiben Beispiel ”, to get a good idea of how German cover letters are structured. 

Cover letter tips

• Make sure your cover letter is correctly formatted and free of spelling and grammatical errors - ideally, have a friend check it over for you before sending it. 
• Include your personal details at the top of your letter.
• Do your research to address the hiring manager by name.
• Always tailor your cover letter to match the job description.
• Use specific, concrete examples from your work history to back up your points.
• End with a formal signing-off.
• Make sure your letter is no longer than one side of A4. 

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Looking for a job in Germany and wondering how to write your cover letter? You are at the right place. In this article, you will learn how to write your cover letter in Germany, including the format, style, and structure. We also include some tips here on writing your cover letter in Germany. You can also download a free German cover letter example (in English).

Table of Contents

Introduction

7 seconds . This is how long it takes to form a  first impression . So, giving an excellent first impression in the interview is essential. But do you know that your first impression is not formed in the interview? It is formed in the first contact you make. You are right. The first contact is your job application.

That is why sending a good CV and cover letter in your job application is very important. This determines whether you have a chance to come to an interview, where you can make your first impression (physically).

What is a cover letter (Anschreiben)?

Your cover letter is the very first impression you give your potential employer. It is one of the deciding factors whether you get a job interview or not. If it catches the recruiter’s attention, he will want to learn more about you by inviting you to an interview.

So, your cover letter should highlight your skills and experience that fit a job’s specific requirements. You should use many examples and facts to convince the recruiter why you are uniquely qualified for the role. Tell the recruiter why you want to work for that company. 

The cover letter should be professional. The goal is to supplement your CV but not duplicate it. While your CV focuses on your skills and experiences, your cover letter should focus on your motivation and how you can apply those skills to the job.

Do you really need to write a cover letter in Germany?

You may not need a cover letter for your job application in many countries. How about in Germany? How important is it to have a cover letter?

In Germany, a cover letter was one of the most essential elements in a job application. However, its importance seems to reduce in recent years.

According to a survey,  59% of the recruiters in Germany accept job applications without cover letters. Many think that having a CV is already sufficient.

However, if you want to increase your chance of landing your dream job, it is still better to write a cover letter. Imagine if 59% of the recruiters in Germany do not require a cover letter. It means that the other 41% will.

Not having a cover letter reduces your chance of getting an interview invitation. You may even get an immediate rejection because of not submitting a cover letter.

Should you write your cover letter in English or German?

This is a tricky question. Unless specified in the job advertisement, it is better to submit your cover letter in German. However, if you do not speak any German, it may be better to submit your cover letter in English. 

Why? It is because you won’t want to give false hope to the recruiter that you speak German while you cannot.

I once went to an interview in Germany after submitting my CV and cover letter in English. Back then, I did not speak any German. When the interviewer saw me, he was shocked that I couldn’t speak German. The interview ended immediately after that, and I didn’t get the job.

So now, imagine you send all your application documents to the recruiter in perfect German. It is logical for the recruiter to assume that you speak some German. You will probably not get the job when you are not meeting his expectation, especially if he is looking for someone who can speak German.

If you do speak some German (even not perfect), you may want to submit your cover letter in German. In that case, make sure your cover letter has no spelling or grammatical mistakes. To be perfect, you can also use a   translation service  or a  cover letter writing service . 

On the other hand, if the job advertisement is written in English and you do not speak any German, try sending your cover letter in English. 

Even though insufficient German skills limit your opportunities, many international companies in Germany do have their hiring process in English. Here is how I  got my permanent full-time job in Germany without speaking German.

Sending your cover letter in Germany

Many big companies require you to submit your cover letter and other application documents via their online portal. In that case, send your application documents such as cover letter and CV in PDF format. 

Give a relevant name to each document. For example, use names such as “Your Full Name_CV” or “Your Full Name_Cover Letter”. This will make your documents look more professional. It will also be easier for the recruiters to identify your documents.

Some companies may require you to send your application via email. In that case, attach in the email all your application documents such as your CV, cover letter, and other certificates in PDF format. In the email content, write a short introduction about your application to the particular role and mention the attached documents.

Alternatively, you can copy and paste your cover letter into your email. Remove the address and the date in that case. Use your subject line in the cover letter as the subject of your email. The content of your email basically becomes your cover letter.

The format of a cover letter in Germany

A cover letter in Germany is a very formal letter. It follows the basic format of a typical business letter. Recruiters in Germany are used to this specific format. So, you should try to follow this format. Your cover letter may be viewed negatively if you use a format that is too different than the norm.

Keep it short and straightforward. Your cover letter should not be longer than one page. Also, leave plenty of space and don’t fill the page completely.  

The standard font size is 12. Your font should be readable. Do not use an unusual font that is too big or too small. Use a professional font such as Times New Roman. 

Besides, use the same fonts and font size throughout your cover letter. Your cover letter should be easy to read. 

You should also use the same formatting in all your other application documents. For example, you should use the same style for both your CV and cover letter.

Your cover letter needs to be readable. Don’t write a large block of text in your cover letter. Separate your text with clear paragraph breaks. There should be enough spacing between the different paragraphs as well.

Your cover letter should follow the layout rule called the  DIN 5008 Norm . It means that on an A4 size letter, the margin should follow the below standard:

• Left margin: 2.5 cm
• Right margin: 2 cm
• Upper margin: 4.5 cm
• Lower margin: 1.5 – 2.5 cm

The structure of a cover letter in Germany

Your personal info.

You should include your personal info in the top right-hand corner. This includes your full name, address, phone number, and email. Your email address should look professional, ideally with your name on it.

The company’s info

You should write this on the left-hand side below your personal info. Put the company name, contact person, and company address there. You should put the contact person’s name on the second line, under the company name.

Usually, you can find the contact person’s name in the job advertisement. If not, don’t be afraid to call the company to find out who handles the job applications.

Write the date in European format and place it below the company’s info on the right-hand side.

The subject line should state what position you are applying for. You should bold it so that the recruiter can easily spot which position this cover letter is for.

Use the name of the contact person you stated in the company’s info. Research the company culture to see if using the first or last name is more appropriate. If you are not sure, always go for the last name.

This should include:

• The first paragraph (introduction)
• The second paragraph
• The third paragraph
• The last paragraph (short closure)

Sign here and write your name below your signature.

Enclosure (Anlage)

Under your signature, you should name which attachments you are sending in the job application, e.g., CV, reference letters, etc.

The content of a cover letter in Germany

The content of a cover letter in Germany should consist of four paragraphs. Do not repeat what you have stated in your CV. Your cover letter should sound unique. The goal is not to tell your whole story. Instead, give a preview and make it interesting enough so that the recruiter wants to know more.

Position yourself ahead of other candidates by focusing on the value you can bring to the company, but not what you can get from the company.

The first paragraph (introduction) – 3 to 4 lines

This is an important paragraph. The recruiter reads this to determine if he wants to continue reading your cover letter. So, the goal of this paragraph is to arouse interest and make the recruiter continue to read.

Why are you applying for the position?

For example, you want to have a career change, or you have just relocated to the city. And explain why. You should promote yourself even if you are unemployed by mentioning something positive.

Also, mention something company-specific. For example, you can convince the company that you want to work there because of their company mission. Maybe the company operates in a way that minimizes damage to the environment? Or perhaps the company sponsors social projects?

Where did you learn about this position?

State where exactly you learn about the position, e.g., from a job portal. If you talk with someone from the company at a job fair, mention the person’s name. 

Similarly, if you learn about the position via a friend or an employee from the company, mention this person’s name as soon as possible. This can arouse interest and encourage the recruiter to keep reading your cover letter. 

What is your current position?

If you want, you may also describe your current position here. If you have not graduated yet, you can mention your course of studies.

The second paragraph – 5 to 6 lines

This paragraph should show your skills, abilities, qualifications, and experience. Mention any achievement that makes you unique and show your strength. Make sure to mention only those that are related to the position. 

Tell the recruiter where you learn these skills, for example, from your past job experiences. Don’t be afraid to mention your private projects if they are relevant. It can show your personality and your initiative beyond your profession.

Remember, you should not be just telling. You should prove your skills with evidence. For example, instead of just saying that you have good leadership skills, mention that you have successfully led a specific project as an example. Do not write too many details, though. The recruiter can read the related information in the CV.

The third paragraph (5 to 6 Lines)

Here is where you link your skills to the position you are applying for. Show how your unique skills and experiences listed in the last paragraph are relevant to the job and the company. Tell the company exactly what you have to offer and how you can help the company to be successful.

Use some personal examples to show how you can use your experience to help to achieve the company’s goals. Tell them what you can do for the company that no one else can do.

Pay attention to which skills are listed in the job description. Make sure you demonstrate how you own these skills by providing examples.

Besides, explain why you want to work in this particular company and this role. Look at the company’s missions and vision. Check the company’s website or social media channels to state any exciting facts. 

Maybe you are interested in the company because it supports social projects? Or perhaps because it has an informal corporate culture? Be genuine and tell the company why working there aligns with your values. Make sure to mention the company’s name.

The last paragraph (short closure) – 3 to 4 lines

This is where you highlight your interest again. Describe what you wish for the future and explain how you can contribute to the company. Tell the company when you can start working, and only mention your salary expectation if required. 

Close politely by saying that the company can contact you in case of any questions and you look forward to talking with them in a  job interview .

Free Cover letter example to use in Germany

Do you want to feel what a cover letter looks like in Germany? Here you go.

You can also download this German cover letter example for your own use here .

10 Tips to write your cover letter in Germany

1. do not use the same cover letter for different job applications.

Different jobs have different requirements and descriptions. Every company is different. You should tailor-make your cover letter for each job application. This is important because recruiters want to see that you have made an effort when applying for the job. 

You should research the company and tell them why you want to work for them specifically. Mention what attracts you to work there based on your research. Check the company’s website, review, and social media channels to get some ideas. Pay attention to the job requirements and relate to them when writing your cover letter. You should also write with the same wording and tone used by the company.

Recruiters can feel it if you just use a general cover letter without mentioning some facts about the specific company. So, show your research capability and customize your cover letter.

2. Include keywords in your cover letter

Many recruiters use software that scans application documents and searches for specific keywords. This software helps to filter out irrelevant applicants and thus saves time for the recruiters.

What does it mean for you? Well, suppose your application documents do not include the keywords the recruiters want to see. In that case, your documents will be filtered out and never be seen by the recruiters. So, including keywords helps you to pass the first stage and get your application documents in front of the recruiters.

Want to understand if your application documents include the right keywords? Use this  free tool to get your CV analyzed! You can see how the software presents you in front of the recruiters regarding top keywords and skills.

3.      Proofread your cover letter

Your cover letter in Germany should not have any grammatical or spelling mistakes. Make sure you contain the correct details, the right company name, and the proper job position. Otherwise, it will show that you are careless and not professional.

The best would be to have someone else proofread your cover letter. You can ask your friend or hire a professional to do it. This is especially important if you decide to submit your cover letter in German and you are still learning German. In that case, you may want to use the proofreading (and/or translation) service from Lingoking .

Writing your cover letter in German may have the advantage that your letter includes the right keywords scanned by the software.

As mentioned before, only write your cover letter in German if you have sufficient German language skills. You won’t want to give false hope to the recruiters that you speak perfect German while you cannot. You can also indicate your German language level in your cover letter and CV. This is so that the recruiters have a realistic expectation of your language skills.

Suppose you want your whole application to be taken care of. In that case, TopCV offers packages including both the CV and cover letter. The service ensures that your application documents are professionally written, well-formatted, and keyword optimized. 

4. Be honest and confident

Your cover letter should reflect the truth. For example, do not write that you can communicate in German while you cannot. Instead, indicate that you are working hard on improving your German. The recruiters will appreciate your effort if you are sincere and can prove it with examples.

Besides, you need to be confident and state clearly why the company should hire you instead of other candidates.  Show confidence by writing “I am sure I will…” instead of “I think I would…”. Mention the interview like it is going to happen. For example, you can write, “I am looking forward to discussing more with you in a personal interview.”

5. Keep it short and relevant

You should keep your cover letter on one page. Use a simple layout so that your letter is easily readable. Only write relevant information on why the company should hire you. Avoid flowery language and long wordy sentences.

Your cover letter shows your ability to sell yourself without much fluff. It should be concise and full of sound arguments why the company should hire you specifically.  

6. Make sure your social media is clean

Nobody wants to see drunk pictures of you at a party. Before applying for jobs, search the internet with your name and see what comes up. You should remove any unprofessional content on your social media, such as Facebook or Instagram.

Besides, create a professional LinkedIn page. Nowadays, many recruiters rely on LinkedIn when searching for talents. Make sure your LinkedIn page looks professional and up to date.

7. Avoid passive voice

Your cover letter should sound positive. You should use only active verbs because they make your writing more exciting and dynamic. You can show the “who” and “how” in a sentence.

On the other hand, passive voice is generally weak. It describes simply a state of existence without action. In your cover letter, you should sound active and be responsible for your achievements.

8. Think from the perspective of the recruiters

My friend once asked me to proofread her cover letter. I was shocked to see that everything was written from her perspective and why she wanted to work for the company in her cover letter.

When writing your cover letter in Germany, make sure it is not all about you. It is about what value you can bring to the company. Think from the perspective of the recruiters. What are they looking for? What do they want to see from a candidate? Rephrase your skills and experiences and make them relevant to the requirements stated in the job advertisement.

It is not just about what you can get from the company but also what the company receives from you.

9. Use examples

Do not just mention you have good communication skills or leadership skills. Instead, you should prove your skills by giving examples. Use numbers and data whenever possible. For example, leading a team of 10 people or leading a project that resulted in a 10% increase in revenue. Focus on the result and not simply your participation in the project.

10. Formatting and style are important

Your cover letter should be formal. Use complete sentences instead of bullet points. You should also use the same formatting and style in your CV so that your application d ocuments look consistent. Avoid unusual font and size. The best is to follow  the German format  de scribed in this article.

The cover letter is an essential part of your job application in Germany. Its goal is to get an invitation to the job interview. Your cover letter allows you to show your personality based on your tone and how you write.

Take it seriously. Be concise, professional, and also friendly. Remember to adapt your cover letter to the style of different companies. Good luck and happy job hunting in Germany!

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How is your job hunting progress in Germany? Did the recruiters in Germany ask you questions based on your cover letter? Leave a comment below and share your experience!

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Cover Letter

How to write your cover letter in german.

Generally speaking a cover letter should be concise and to the point and definitely no longer than one page.

Points you should consider when writing a cover letter

To be effective, your cover letter should follow the basic format of a typical business letter and should address three general issues:

• First Paragraph - Why you are writing
• Middle Paragraphs - What you have to offer
• Concluding Paragraph - How you will follow-up

Do not repeat your what is already in your CV, simply refer to it! "As you can see from my CV, …". If a particular work experience listed in your CV especially qualifies you for the job you can refer to it and emphasise its relevant points. Your cover letter should NEVER be longer than 1 page.

Why you are writing?

In some cases, you may have been referred to a potential employer by a friend or acquaintance. Be sure to mention this mutual contact by name as soon as possible as it is likely to encourage your reader to keep reading!

If you are writing in response to a job advert , indicate where you learned of the position and the exact title of the position you are applying for. More importantly, remember to convey your enthusiasm for the job and the likely match between your credentials and the position's required qualifications.

If you are writing a prospective application letter - a letter in which you enquire about potential job openings - state your specific job objective. Since this type of letter is unsolicited, it is even more important to capture the reader's attention. It is a good idea to mention why you are interested in that specific company, esp. when you write a prospective application letter. Do not give the impression that they are one of two hundred applications (badly copied CVs, serial letters, etc.).

What You Have To Offer

In responding to a job advert , refer specifically to the qualifications they have listed and illustrate how your particular abilities and experiences relate to the position for which you are applying. In a prospective applicationg letter express your potential to fulfil the employer's needs rather than focus on what the employer can offer you. You can do this by giving evidence that you have researched the organization thoroughly and that you possess skills that are used within that organization. Emphasize your achievements and problem-solving skills. Show how your education and work skills are transferable, and thus relevant, to the position for which you are applying.

How You Will Follow Up

Bid directly for the job interview or an informational interview and indicate that you will follow-up with a telephone call to set up an appointment. Be sure to make the call within the time frame indicated. Even if you do not mention it explicitly in the letter, it is a good idea to make a follow up phone call. Timing is important: do not call on the very next day or after more than one week. If you are applying from outside the employer's geographic area you may want to indicate if you'll be in town during a certain time frame (this makes it easier for the employer to agree to meet with you). In conclusion, you should also indicate that further references are available on request. Also, if you have a portfolio or certificates to support your qualifications, inform prospective employers that they are also available on request.

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Sample cover letter for job application in Germany

A sample cover letter for a job application in Germany can be a critical component in your quest for employment in the country.

Crafting the perfect cover letter involves understanding the expectations of German employers and adapting your writing style and content accordingly.

In this blog post, we will provide you with comprehensive guidance on creating an effective cover letter tailored for the German job market.

We will cover the importance of structure, cultural nuances, best practices, and common mistakes to avoid, ensuring your cover letter stands out to potential employers.

A cover letter, known as an “Anschreiben” in German, is a crucial element of your job application.

It is your opportunity to make a strong first impression and demonstrate your motivation and suitability for the role.

In Germany, cover letters are often seen as equally important as the CV, if not more so.

Employers use cover letters to assess not only your writing skills and attention to detail but also your understanding of the company and the position.

This is why tailoring your cover letter to the specific job and company is vital to your success.

In this comprehensive guide, we will cover the following topics:

Key Components of a German Cover Letter

• Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application in Germany

Cultural Nuances and Best Practices

• Common Mistakes to Avoid
• Tips for Making Your Cover Letter Stand Out

By following the guidelines and best practices outlined in this article, you’ll be well-equipped to create an impactful cover letter that sets you apart from the competition and paves the way for a successful job application in Germany.

A well-structured and carefully crafted cover letter can significantly increase your chances of securing a job interview in Germany.

Understanding the key components of a German cover letter and its significance will help you create a compelling and impactful letter that resonates with potential employers.

In this section, we will dive into each component and provide guidance on how to make your cover letter shine.

1. Personal Information

At the top of your cover letter, include your full name, address, phone number, and email address.

This information should be right-aligned, ensuring it is easy to locate and follows the standard German formatting.

You may also include your professional title and LinkedIn profile link if relevant.

2. Recipient’s Information

Below your personal information, left-align the recipient’s details, including their name, title, company name, and address.

If you’re unsure of the recipient’s name, it’s worth conducting some research to find the appropriate contact person, as addressing the letter to a specific individual demonstrates your diligence and attention to detail.

Include the date below the recipient’s information, following the German date format (DD.MM.YYYY).

4. Subject Line

A concise and informative subject line helps the reader quickly understand the purpose of your letter.

Begin with “Bewerbung um die Stelle als” (Application for the position of) followed by the job title. This makes it easy for the recipient to identify the position you are applying for.

5. Salutation

In Germany, formality is crucial. Address the recipient with “Sehr geehrte(r)” (Dear) followed by their last name and a comma.

If you don’t know the recipient’s name, use “Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren” (Dear Sir/Madam).

6. Opening Paragraph

The opening paragraph sets the tone for your cover letter. Briefly introduce yourself and mention the position you are applying for, where you found the job posting, and, if applicable, any mutual connections or referrals.

7. Body Paragraphs

In the body of your cover letter, showcase your qualifications, skills, and experiences relevant to the job.

Focus on how your background aligns with the requirements listed in the job description, and provide concrete examples to demonstrate your accomplishments.

Also, show your knowledge of the company and explain why you are interested in the position and how you can contribute to the organization’s success.

8. Closing Paragraph

In the closing paragraph, reiterate your interest in the role and express your enthusiasm for the opportunity. Politely request an interview and thank the recipient for considering your application.

9. Sign-off and Signature

End your cover letter with a formal sign-off such as “Mit freundlichen Grüßen” (Kind regards) followed by your full name. If sending a physical letter, include your handwritten signature above your typed name.

10. Enclosures

Finally, mention any enclosures, such as your CV, references, or certificates, by adding “Anlagen:” (Enclosures:) at the bottom of the letter. This ensures the recipient is aware of the additional documents accompanying your application.

Now that you have a clear understanding of the key components of a German cover letter, let’s move on to a few sample cover letters and dissect their elements to help you craft your own.

Sample Cover Letters for Job Applications in Germany

To give you a better understanding of how to craft a cover letter for different job domains, we have provided three sample cover letters: one for an IT position, one for a marketing position, and one for a nursing position.

Each cover letter showcases a different format or style, allowing you to choose the approach that best suits your individual preferences and the specific job you are applying for.

Sample 1: IT Position (Software Developer)

[Your Name] [Your Address] [Your Phone Number] [Your Email Address] [LinkedIn Profile Link (optional)] [Recipient’s Name] [Recipient’s Title] [Company Name] [Company Address] [Date (DD.MM.YYYY)] Bewerbung um die Stelle als Softwareentwickler Sehr geehrte(r) [Recipient’s Last Name], I am writing to apply for the Software Developer position at [Company Name] as advertised on [Job Portal]. As a skilled professional with over five years of experience in software development, I am confident in my ability to contribute to your company’s success. Throughout my career, I have developed and maintained numerous software applications, consistently meeting project deadlines and exceeding client expectations. My technical expertise includes proficiency in Java, Python, and C++, as well as experience with Agile methodologies and DevOps practices. I am also passionate about continuous learning, which has enabled me to stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends and technologies. I am particularly attracted to [Company Name] because of its reputation for innovation and commitment to employee growth. I believe my skill set and dedication to software development would make me a valuable addition to your team. I would welcome the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications and how I can contribute to [Company Name]. Thank you for considering my application. Mit freundlichen Grüßen, [Your Full Name] [Handwritten Signature (if applicable)] Anlagen: Lebenslauf Zeugnisse Arbeitsproben

Sample 2: Marketing Position (Content Marketing Manager)

[Your Name] [Your Address] [Your Phone Number] [Your Email Address] [LinkedIn Profile Link (optional)] [Recipient’s Name] [Recipient’s Title] [Company Name] [Company Address] [Date (DD.MM.YYYY)] Bewerbung um die Stelle als Content Marketing Manager Sehr geehrte(r) [Recipient’s Last Name], As an experienced Content Marketing Manager with a strong background in developing and implementing successful marketing strategies, I am excited to apply for the position at [Company Name] that I discovered on [Job Portal]. During my six years in the marketing industry, I have managed content creation, search engine optimization, and social media campaigns for various clients, leading to significant increases in web traffic, engagement, and conversion rates. My strengths lie in my ability to analyze target audiences, identify content gaps, and create compelling content that drives results. What draws me to [Company Name] is its focus on providing exceptional value to customers through innovative marketing techniques. I am confident that my expertise in content marketing, combined with my passion for creating engaging experiences, will enable me to contribute significantly to your company’s growth and success. I appreciate your consideration of my application and look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. Mit freundlichen Grüßen, [Your Full Name] [Handwritten Signature (if applicable)] Anlagen: Lebenslauf Zeugnisse Arbeitsproben

Sample 3: Nursing Position (Registered Nurse)

[Your Name] [Your Address] [Your Phone Number] [Your Email Address] [LinkedIn Profile Link (optional)] [Recipient’s Name] [Recipient’s Title] [Company Name] [Company Address] [Date (DD.MM.YYYY)] Bewerbung um die Stelle als examinierte Krankenschwester Sehr geehrte(r) [Recipient’s Last Name], I am writing to express my interest in the Registered Nurse position at [Company Name], which I came across on [Job Portal]. With over seven years of nursing experience and a commitment to providing exceptional patient care, I am confident in my ability to make a positive impact at your healthcare facility. Throughout my nursing career, I have honed my skills in patient assessment, treatment planning, and health education. My experience includes working in diverse healthcare settings, such as hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient clinics. This background has allowed me to develop strong communication and teamwork skills, adapt to different environments, and provide high-quality care to patients from various backgrounds. I am drawn to [Company Name] because of its reputation for excellence in patient care and commitment to employee development. I believe my nursing experience, passion for healthcare, and dedication to patient well-being make me a strong candidate for this position. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further and explore how I can contribute to the success of [Company Name]. Mit freundlichen Grüßen, [Your Full Name] [Handwritten Signature (if applicable)] Anlagen: Lebenslauf Zeugnisse Zertifikate

These three sample cover letters demonstrate different formats and styles tailored to specific job domains.

Bonus : Looking for additional cover letter templates? Here is a list of free CV and cover letter templates that you can use for your next job application in Germany.

Analyze the elements of each sample and use them as a starting point to create a cover letter that effectively showcases your unique qualifications and experiences for the position you are applying for in Germany.

Do you have further questions?

Join our community of job seekers and expats from Germany. You can ask your doubts and get suggestions on topics related to getting a job in Germany and several other related topics.

When applying for a job in Germany, it’s essential to be aware of the cultural nuances and best practices to ensure your cover letter makes a strong impression.

Understanding the expectations of German employers and adapting your cover letter accordingly will increase your chances of success.

In this section, we will discuss some key cultural aspects and best practices to follow when crafting your cover letter.

1. Formality and Politeness

German business culture places a high value on formality and politeness.

Ensure that your cover letter adheres to a formal writing style and tone.

Use appropriate salutations and sign-offs, and address the recipient by their last name.

Avoid using slang, colloquialisms, or overly casual language.

2. Addressing the Recipient Properly

Take the time to research the correct name and title of the person responsible for reviewing job applications.

Addressing the recipient personally demonstrates your diligence and attention to detail.

If you cannot find the recipient’s name, use the generic salutation “Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren” (Dear Sir/Madam).

3. Demonstrating Knowledge of the Company and the Role

German employers appreciate candidates who show a genuine interest in their company and the specific role they are applying for.

Research the company’s mission, values, and recent projects, and mention how these align with your own professional goals and interests.

Additionally, carefully review the job description and emphasize how your skills, qualifications, and experiences make you a strong fit for the position.

4. Focusing on Achievements and Contributions

Instead of merely listing your previous job duties, highlight your achievements and the impact of your work.

Use specific examples to showcase your accomplishments and demonstrate your ability to contribute to the success of the company.

This approach shows employers that you are results-oriented and can make a meaningful difference in their organization.

5. Tailoring Your Cover Letter to the Specific Job

Avoid using a generic cover letter for every job application.

Instead, tailor your cover letter to the specific job and company by addressing the unique requirements and expectations outlined in the job description.

This not only demonstrates your genuine interest in the role but also shows that you have taken the time to understand the employer’s needs and how you can fulfill them.

By considering these cultural nuances and best practices, you can craft a compelling cover letter that resonates with German employers and sets you apart from other applicants.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in a German Cover Letter

To increase your chances of securing a job interview in Germany, it’s crucial to avoid common mistakes that can detract from your application’s effectiveness.

In this section, we will discuss some common pitfalls and provide tips on how to prevent them.

1. Spelling and Grammar Errors

Mistakes in spelling and grammar can significantly damage the credibility of your application.

Proofread your cover letter thoroughly and consider using a grammar-checking tool to ensure accuracy.

If possible, ask a native German speaker or a professional proofreader to review your letter for any errors or inconsistencies.

2. Overly Casual Tone

As mentioned earlier, German business culture values formality and politeness.

Avoid using an overly casual tone, slang, or colloquialisms in your cover letter. Instead, maintain a professional and respectful tone throughout your letter.

3. Lengthy Cover Letters

A cover letter should be concise and to the point. Aim for a length of one page, focusing on the most relevant and compelling information.

Avoid long-winded explanations and unnecessary details that can detract from the impact of your letter.

4. Failing to Address the Job Requirements

Not addressing the specific requirements outlined in the job description can give the impression that you are not genuinely interested in the position or have not taken the time to understand the employer’s needs.

Tailor your cover letter to the job description, highlighting your skills, qualifications, and experiences that align with the requirements.

5. Underselling or Overselling Yourself

Striking the right balance between confidence and humility is crucial in a cover letter.

Avoid underselling your skills and accomplishments, but also refrain from overselling yourself or exaggerating your qualifications.

Focus on providing accurate and relevant examples that demonstrate your suitability for the role.

6. Neglecting to Research the Company

Failing to demonstrate knowledge of the company and its values can give the impression that you are not genuinely interested in the role.

Research the company and mention specific aspects that resonate with your professional goals and interests to show your enthusiasm for the position.

7. Using Generic Cover Letters

Submitting a generic cover letter for multiple job applications can harm your chances of securing an interview.

Tailor your cover letter to each specific job and company to demonstrate your genuine interest in the role and your understanding of the employer’s needs.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can create a compelling and impactful cover letter that stands out to potential employers and increases your chances of success in the German job market.

Tips for Non-Native German Speakers

If you are a non-native German speaker applying for a job in Germany, crafting an effective cover letter can be particularly challenging.

However, by paying attention to certain aspects and following some best practices, you can overcome language barriers and make a strong impression.

In this section, we will discuss some tips to help non-native German speakers create an impactful cover letter.

1. Language Proficiency

First and foremost, ensure that your German language skills are sufficient for the job you are applying for.

If the job requires a high level of proficiency, it’s essential to have a strong command of the language, both in writing and speaking.

If necessary, consider taking German language courses or working with a language tutor to improve your skills.

2. Use a Professional Translation Service

If you are not confident in your ability to write a cover letter in German, consider using a professional translation service.

This can help ensure that your cover letter is accurate, clear, and adheres to German business etiquette.

However, remember that using a translation service is not a substitute for learning the language, particularly if the job requires fluent German skills.

3. Seek Feedback from Native German Speakers

Ask native German speakers to review your cover letter and provide feedback on your language usage, grammar, and overall structure.

This can help you identify any errors or inconsistencies and ensure that your cover letter adheres to German business conventions.

4. Highlight Your Language Skills

If you are fluent in multiple languages, including German, highlight this skill in your cover letter.

Many German companies value employees who can communicate effectively in multiple languages, particularly in international settings.

5. Research German Business Etiquette

Familiarize yourself with German business etiquette and incorporate appropriate conventions into your cover letter, such as formal salutations, sign-offs, and language usage.

This demonstrates your understanding of the local business culture and your willingness to adapt.

6. Address Potential Visa and Work Permit Requirements

If you are not an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen, make sure to address any potential visa and work permit requirements in your cover letter.

Briefly mention your eligibility for a visa or work permit, or your intention to obtain one, to reassure the employer that you are aware of the necessary procedures and willing to take the required steps.

By following these tips, non-native German speakers can create a compelling cover letter that effectively communicates their skills, qualifications, and experiences while adhering to German business etiquette and addressing potential language barriers.

Adapting Your Cover Letter for Remote Work Opportunities

With the increasing prevalence of remote work, many job seekers are looking for opportunities to work from home or outside of their home country.

In this section, we will discuss how to adapt your cover letter to showcase your suitability for remote work positions in Germany.

1. Highlight Relevant Remote Work Experience

If you have previous experience working remotely, be sure to emphasize this in your cover letter.

Explain how you successfully managed your workload, communicated with your team, and adapted to a remote work environment.

This demonstrates your ability to navigate the challenges of remote work and remain productive in a virtual setting.

2. Showcase Your Adaptability and Time Management Skills

Remote work often requires adaptability and strong time management skills. Highlight any experiences or accomplishments that demonstrate your ability to adapt to changing circumstances, manage your time effectively, and stay organized.

3. Emphasize Your Communication Skills

Effective communication is crucial for remote work, as much of the interaction with colleagues and supervisors happens via email, phone, or video calls.

Showcase your written and verbal communication skills in your cover letter and provide examples of how you have effectively communicated in remote work settings.

4. Familiarize Yourself with German Business Etiquette

Even when working remotely, it’s essential to understand and adhere to German business etiquette. Familiarize yourself with the expectations and conventions of German business culture, and ensure that your cover letter reflects this understanding.

5. Address Time Zone Differences

If you are applying for a remote position from a different time zone, address this in your cover letter.

Explain your willingness to adapt your work schedule, if necessary, to accommodate meetings or other collaborative activities during the company’s standard working hours.

6. Mention Relevant Tools and Technologies

Remote work often relies on specific tools and technologies for communication, collaboration, and project management.

Mention any familiarity or experience you have with these tools in your cover letter, as this demonstrates your ability to quickly adapt to the company’s remote work infrastructure.

By adapting your cover letter to emphasize your suitability for remote work, you can increase your chances of securing a remote position with a German company.

This approach demonstrates your understanding of the unique challenges and requirements of remote work and showcases your ability to thrive in a virtual work environment.

Crafting an effective cover letter for a job application in Germany requires attention to detail, an understanding of local business culture, and the ability to showcase your unique qualifications and experiences.

By following the guidelines and best practices discussed in this article, you can create a compelling cover letter that stands out to potential employers and increases your chances of securing an interview.

In summary, remember to:

• Familiarize yourself with German business etiquette and conventions
• Use a clear structure and include all essential components
• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job and company
• Showcase your accomplishments and provide concrete examples
• Avoid common mistakes and maintain a professional tone
• Consider cultural nuances and adapt your cover letter accordingly
• For non-native German speakers, seek feedback and support as needed
• Adapt your cover letter for remote work opportunities, if applicable

By putting in the effort to create a well-crafted, tailored cover letter, you demonstrate your professionalism, commitment, and genuine interest in the position.

This can set you apart from other applicants and ultimately help you land your desired job in Germany.

Stay persistent in your job search, and don’t be afraid to refine and revise your cover letter as you gain more experience and insights into the German job market.

• The Cover Letter
• Job Interview
• Working Abroad
• Entrepreneurship
• Volunteering

The German Cover Letter | Das Anschreiben

When looking to work in Germany the German cover letter is one of the most important documents to write. The cover letter is important to be called back for an job interview and maintain the chance to gain a job in Germany .

Cover Letter | Accompaning the German CV

The role of the German Cover Letter is quite subtile. It accompanies the German CV and contains detailed information  about the specific skills  you have, your  work experience , your  motivation to gain employment , and the reasons why you are the  ideal candidate for the job .

The relationship between cover letter and CV is very important and you must  use one to support the other . The cover letter is really an opportunity to give a  personal introduction  to the  essential information  contained on the curriculum vitae. It should provide the Human Ressource manager with a more personal facet by highlighting your personal qualities.

Interaction with the HR Manager | Don’t sample!

It is a ddressed exactly to the recipient and allows direct interaction. The German Cover Letter should be tailored for each application.   With the use of a well written Cover Letter the applicant aims to distiguish from the wide mass of competitors.  Please do not use one cover letter for all your applications!  

The better your cover letter and the more you have tailored it to the specific organisation and job position, the  better your chances  are for being called back to a job interview. The content depends on the type of application you are sending.

The Structure of the German Cover Letter

To be able to  write the perfect cover letter , you should first take into account  the structure  and the format. Therefore you must be aware of  the different sections of a cover letter layout .

In the German Cover Letter the structure is quite strict. In the salutatory address the c oncerning person should be greeted . Set phrases as “To whom it may concern” are not appropiate for an application in Germany.  Find out who is responsable for HR in this business!

In the first paragraph you should refer to the job you are applying for. In the second and third paragraph your strength and your motivation are highlighted. Explain the HR professional why you are the perfect candidate.In the last section mention that the  CV and your certificates (important!) are enclosed/attached and greet formally but naturally.

Use DIN 5008 Norm and follow Jobler’s giudeline in “How to write a German Cover Letter”     in Germany.

How to Write the German Cover Letter

Once you are clear about the structure the content is most important. What do German professionals like to read? As applicant you should prove good knowledge about the company, but without too much praising it.

They rather want to be convinced why you are the right one for this position. They expect you to  draw a connection  between you and the company you are applying at. Explain why you are interested in the post and what qualities you can bring in. So answer following questions:

• What am I capable of doing?
• Why would I want to do this at this particular company?

Find the important advice for writing the German Cover Letter in bullet points.

Sample German Cover Letter

Find a free sample of a Cover Letter in German to downlaod . You can either choose between a traditional Cover Letter and the speculative Cover Letter in German.

Good luck 😉

Back to Germany

• Careers and Work

How to apply for a job in Germany

You’d like to work in Germany and you’ve seen an interesting job advertisement. What do you do next? Here are some tips for your application.

You can send your application by email as a PDF file or by post printed out in a folder. Job advertisements usually state which format the employer prefers.

Which documents belong in your application?

A complete application should include a covering letter, a CV and certificates. Testimonials or references from former employers and diplomas or records of further training programmes or courses (for example, a German course) enhance an application – but only if they are relevant and meaningful for the respective vacancy.

Your covering letter must be convincing. Show the employer why you are applying and why you are the best person for the job. Do you have specialist knowledge? Do you speak several languages? If so, this information belongs in the covering letter. Emphasise your strengths. Make the covering letter reader-friendly – with paragraphs, highlighting and short sentences.

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How do you structure your CV?

The curriculum vitae (CV) presents an overview of your personal and professional development. It is usual to list this information in a clear tabular format. An application photo is not mandatory, but still widely used.

Your CV begins with your personal data, followed by your work experience – with your current position first, then earlier jobs, training or higher education, school education, further training and language and IT skills.

Tip: The Europass website explains how to put together a CV according to European standards. You will also find templates there.

What kinds of references or certificates do employers need?

If you have just completed a university degree course or a vocational training programme the company will be interested in your university diploma or the certificate from the training organisation as well as your school-leaving certificate. If you already have several years of work experience, meaningful employer references or testimonials are expected.

Send copies, not originals. Your documents will rarely be returned. They do not normally need to be officially certified, unless the company asks for that in the job advertisement.

Must I write the application in German?

You should write applications in German – unless the job advertisement was formulated in English. Definitely have your documents checked by a native speaker. A covering letter with mistakes makes a bad impression and is usually rejected.

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German Cover Letter + Must Know Best Practices [2024]

by Live in Germany Team | Work in Germany

Last Update: Feb 23, 2024 @ 9:07 pm

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So, it is quite clear that cover letters are taken seriously in the German job market since it is an applicant’s initial impression on the company. If someone hasn’t attached a cover letter to their application, the recruiter might think that if the applicant hasn’t put effort in making a cover letter, why even consider him/her for a position at our company?

🔶   Related Topic :   How to Find English-Speaking Jobs in Germany

Structuring German Cover Letter

Salutation:.

Try to keep the cover letter at a personal touch rather than just making a cut paste document. Make sure we are specifying the reason for joining the xyz company/organization. Present the company research in this phase as well. We can say things like we have been impressed with the company culture or we have recognized the mission and vision for which the company is moving forward and we want to play a pivotal role in this journey.

By now, we have told the company/organization why we want to work for them. What shall we do next? We are going to use the mentioned job description in telling a story regarding how and why we are enough qualified for the position. There is no need to exaggerate the story and write down a whole passage. Here we will provide a short trailer-kind of summary. This is because we want to gain their interest so that the company reaches us out and contact for further interview.

In the end, we should be thanking the company and let them know that they are welcome to schedule things further. Availability has to be mentioned along with contact details where the company can get in touch.

Attachments:

The word Anlage (Enclosure) has to added once the cover letter is signed. All the certificates and documents which are part of the application should be listed down there. This includes CV , educational documents, reference letter etc.

Cover Letter Framework

The cover letter has to written in accordance with DIN 5008 . This is a dedicated framework when it comes to formal writing in Germany. Following are the standards:

• Left margin: 24.1 mm
• Right margin: at least 8.1 mm
• Bottom margin: 16.9 mm
• Top margin: 16.9 mm

Please ensure this format is taken seriously. If an applicant hasn’t followed this framework, it doesn’t necessarily mean rejection but on the same time, recruiters in Germany have a habit of reading cover letters in this format. Hence, if a cover letter appears to be different from the mentioned format, it might get noticed in negative manner.

Top 8 Best Practices To Consider Before Writing Your Cover Letter

Customizing cover letter for each job, keeping cover letter short and concise, be honest on cover letter.

We have to be honest and humble about things. This includes the work experience, education and language proficiency. It is quite usual to exaggerate or lie when trying to get a job. There is a common saying “fake it until we make it” and people at times follow that too and it turns out favorable in getting a job. But such behavior is extremely unethical and unprofessional.

A recent example is a LinkedIn profile of a former work colleague who stated on the profile that he managed quite a high-end project all on his own at his company. Later it was brought to notice that project didn’t even start until after the colleague left company. He was falsely taking full credit for someone else’s efforts and work.

These kinds of claims can haunt back an applicant. There could be a chance that new employer knows someone from the applicant’s former organization. Moreover, it is common for employers to informally reach out previous companies of candidate to extract some information. This can cost a job and even reputation.

Writing Cover Letter in German

There are better chances that HR software will notice a cover letter written in German. This also works with algorithms set on LinkedIn. With that being said, we have to be vigilant and use our judgment properly. As it can backfire as well. Make sure that actual German language proficiency is reflected in the cover letter.

There was an instance where the hiring company received an application from a person abroad where the candidate sent CV and documents in German. During the first interview, the company was surprised to know that candidate didn’t know any German. In fact, the documents were actually translated by paying someone else. This resulted in the rejection of a candidate.

Showing Personality

The cover letter should portray all the candidate’s creativity. Coming up with a unique approach is going to make you stand apart in the competition. We can provide a video link in the cover letter where we have explained the reason why we wish to work for that particular company. Also, a sample can be shared explaining insight about how the candidate will approach his/her job. Moreover, the company can be invited to see the candidate’s social media.

🔶   Related Topic : Job Interview Questions in Germany

Making Cover Letter Visually Pleasing

We can type some paragraphs in a document and send it to the company. but its much better to create a cover letter that is visually pleasing. Canva is one of the platforms that can help choose from variety of cool and professional templates.

Fonts should be large enough to increase readability. Other tips include avoiding lengthy paragraphs. Accurately set the spacing between lines.

Quality Check

Grammatical mistakes and spelling errors convey a negative impression of the company. Before sending the application, make sure to avoid such mistakes and take care of these negligible errors. Also briefly check employer information and other related details. A good way of reviewing the cover letter is to have a second pair of eyes proofread it. This is an important task that most people overlook but quite frequently there are job applications having multiple errors on them.

Avoid Using Automatic Text Generators

It is suggested that the candidate write down the cover letter themselves. A professional writer can be hired to provide this service. There are numerous text generators available but they are almost useless. Automatic text generators can produce text that doesn’t make any sense. When reading, it is obvious that a robot has written it down. A cover letter has to be a reflection of a candidate. It should portray how the candidate approaches the job and how they communicate.

We have put enough emphasis on the importance of a cover letter in Germany. One of the most pivotal instruments in a job application is a good cover letter. If it doesn’t shine enough or fails to reflect the candidate’s potential, employers are likely to ignore it and move forward with other applications.

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Life in Berlin » Find a proper job in Berlin – a guide to a better work life » German cover letter guide – what recruiters expect

German cover letter guide – what recruiters expect

Writing a German cover letter in another hurdle on your path to getting a job in this country.

While the general purpose & content is probably similar to what you already know in your home country, some adaptation work might be necessary . This guide points out to the elements to include so you can convince recruiters you are the right one for the job.

Is a German cover letter still relevant?

Before putting in the efforts to actually write a German cover letter ( Bewerbungsschreiben , Motivationsschreibe n or Anschreiben ), you might wonder if it’s necessary at all.

A lot of recruiters don’t read it

This 2018 study by German recruitment agency Robert Kraft found out that 48% of recruiters didn’t find cover letters so relevant anymore , meaning that applications with CV only were considered valid.

In 2019, the Deutsche Bahn even stopped requesting cover lette rs all together, mentioning a lack of relevance. German ecommerce giant Otto did the same in 2016.

That lines up with my small experience as a recruiter & professional involved in the recruiting process. Motivation letters are rarely a differentiator, especially for more senior profiles. However, even if there is a trend to do away with it, most German recruiters will request a German cover lette r.

I will tell you why.

It still helps you to get an interview

Even if hiring managers will never glance over it, more & more companies are using Application Tracking Systems (ATS). It’s a piece of software that automates part of the recruiting process. Its purpose is to filter most applicants so the actual human HR manager only need to assess a few profiles for interviews.

ATS will compare requirements set by HR with what is on your CV and… your cover letter! It will search for the right keywords and compare them with the initial job ad.

Formatting your cover letter the right way, with the right keywords, it will maximize your chances to get invited to an interview.

Can I send my cover letter in English?

Since many applicants will only consider English-speaking jobs in Berlin or the rest of the country, it is a legitimate question.

I actually answered the same question on my post about German CVs . It applies to cover letters as well. (Spoiler alert: it depends.)

How should a German cover letter look like

At first glance, it looks like this. Read on for more details.

The header contains the typical information you would expect:

Your contact details

• First name and family name
• Street, street number
• Postal code, city
• e-mail address
• phone number

The employer contact details

• Correct company name
• Name of hiring manager
• Street, street number,

It also contains the date at which the application was made

Subject line

The subject line simply includes what position you are applying for. Consider it a reminder for the hiring manager who has to process several applicants per day. Copy-paste the title from the job description. Salutation

A simple and personal touch by greeting the hiring manager by their names. Avoid “To whom it may concern” at all costs. Get a feel of the company policy about using first names or Mr/Mrs/Ms.

The actual cover letter

You will read a lof of tips on how to properly structure your content. German cover letters don’t differ so much from what you can find anywhere in the world. You should answer the 3 following questions well:

• Why you are a good fit or the job : this refers to how well your career/work experience has prepared you to take on the responsibilities listed in the job description. You should prove that the path you are on is naturally leading you to this position.
• What makes you think you can do the job : this refers to quantifiable/tangible achievements that can prove that you can solve the challenges ahead. Refer to specific skills mentioned in the job description and demonstrate how you already own them.
• Why this company attracts you in particular : you need to demonstrate a genuine interest in having this job at THIS company. This requires a little bit of background check on the company’s missions and vision. You need to get a feel of the identity of the company. Show that they align with your values and that it’s a good place to grow for you. Check the company’s LinkedIn feed to see if there are events, achievements you could relate to.

Leave a lasting impression after mentioning practical details:

• State your availability and when you can start.
• If it was requested in the job description, state your salary expectations .
• State again how much you would like this job and how much you can demonstrate your motivation in an interview.

Tips for success

• Stay formal & don’t get emotional
• Match the linguo/wording used by the company in the job description. Each company culture is unique
• Do not use bullets points
• Keep your letter machine readable by using a simple layout
• Sprinkle your letter with the right keywords so the ATS software puts your profile on top of the pile.
• Match the font & styles used on your CV.
• Do not use passive voice . Make sure you only use active verbs.
• Prefer sentences that show ownership & confidence (eg: “I think I could” -> “I am confident I will”)

I hope this little guide was useful. Feel free to ask questions the comments. Bastien

German cover letter – FAQ

The actual content of the letter should not be longer than 4-5 paragraphs, with 2-4 sentences each. It should fit on a single page with plenty of space towards the bottom.

You can probably find a job in Berlin without a German cover letter, as a lot of international companies conduct their hiring processes in English only. However, that limits your opportunities a lot.

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Active since 2011, I help any newcomer tackle all practical aspects of moving to Germany. Everyday, up to 2500 visitors come find answers on registration, tax returns, unemployment, insurance, visa applications and more. Over the years, the value of this work has been recognized and featured on Expat.com, Vice, Berliner Zeitung, Financial Times & more.  

Crafting a German CV for success – get noticed by recruiters

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• Applying for a job

From the application to the job interview – this is how you ideally prepare yourself for the application process in Germany.

• Working in Germany
• Finding a job

Your application

Did you find an exciting job advertisement? Then it is time to send in your application. In Germany, documents are usually sent in a PDF file within an email , or they are uploaded directly to the company's career website. Applying by post with a special application folder is rarely required. 

Read the job advertisement carefully: there might be a sentence at the end about what kind of application is required and what documents must be submitted. These usually include a cover letter, a CV and additional references.

Cover letter/motivation letter

The cover letter gives the company a first impression of you. You should introduce yourself, explain why you are interested in the job and describe your own strengths. Use examples from your previous jobs. Try to express yourself convincingly and present yourself in a way that distinguishes you from others. What makes you stand out? Why are you the right person for this job? Moreover, write about why you want to work for this company in particular. 

You can read about the formal requirements of a cover letter  on the Europass website.

Curriculum vitae

In the curriculum vitae (CV) you give an overview of your personal and professional career. The CV typically has the format of a table. In Germany, applicants are often expected to include a photo in their CV – however, there are major differences between professional industries in this regard. 

The following categories belong in the CV: 

• Personal data: name, address, contact details 
• Work experience: which companies did you work for? What was your position there, and what tasks did you complete? This information should be listed antichronologically – most recent job first. 
• Education: all information on school, vocational training, studies and further training is to be listed antichronologically. List the name of the schools and universities, your courses of study and your final grades, starting with the degree you acquired the most recently. 
• Language skills: which languages do you speak, and how well do you speak them? Use the standards of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) as a guide, for example: “English: C1”.
• Unique skills and interests: do you happen to have any extraordinary computer skills or private interests that are important for your job? Have you been socially or politically active? 

On the  Europass  website, you will find helpful information on the formal design of your CV and cover letter, and you can create your CV online according to a standardised format in  German  or in  English . However, companies in Germany usually appreciate an individual design for your application; hence, you can use the Europass CV as a guide and then adjust it to your individual style.

Your official partner for job placements in Germany

Are you considering working in Germany? The Federal Employment Agency (BA) can support you with their free-of-charge comprehensive advisory services. The BA’s international experts are at your side – from the beginning of your application, right up to when you start to work and live in Germany. Let us guide you through your opportunities on the German job market.

Certificates

Finally, add the most essential certificates to the application documents. These may include certificates from vocational training as well as your school and university diplomas. Here  you can find more on the topic of “Recognition of vocational qualifications”. If you have any references or letters of recommendation from previous employers, attach these as well. 

Please beware

It is best to have your certificates translated into German or English, so that the company is able to understand your achievements. Allow enough time for the translation process, so that you do not miss the deadlines. 

Congratulations, you sparked the company’s interest with your application, and they have invited you for an interview. The interview is a chance for you and the company to get to know each other. You will usually meet a manager from the department you would like to work in and one from the HR department. 

They will most likely ask questions about your CV, your expectations for the job and the salary, as well as your skills and interests. They may also want to see how well you speak German or English or give you a practical task. Some might ask why you would like to work in Germany and what you expect from your life in Germany.

Preparation

To prepare for the interview, you should read up on the company beforehand, e.g. in which countries it is active or who their target group is. Make sure to prepare some answers about your skills, strengths and weaknesses. In addition, think about questions you could ask your interviewer to show your interest. 

Aside from the content of the interview, a few standards are crucial: Be on time and switch off your smartphone. Dress appropriately, for example in a suit. However, since the dress code is slightly different in every industry, you should inform yourself well beforehand.

The Assessment Center

Companies often hold Assessment Centers for higher positions. This is a special kind of selection procedure that takes longer and is more elaborate than an interview. Several applicants complete certain tasks together: For example, you may be asked to take part in group discussions, role plays or presentations. In this way, the company wants to find out how you approach problems, deal with stressful situations and use your soft skills .

You do not live in Germany?

If you get an invitation for a face-to-face interview, clarify the question of travel costs. Explain to the company that you are travelling from abroad and ask whether you will have to pay for the tickets and hotel yourself or whether the company will cover the costs. You can also ask if you can alternatively conduct the interview on the phone or via a video conference platform. Keep the time difference in mind! 

Non-EU citizens should also check which entry regulations apply to them if you are entering the country at short notice for an interview. The job-seeking visa  gives you the opportunity to come to Germany for six months to look for work. Any costs incurred must be borne by you. 

Explainer video: how do I successfully apply in Germany?

More videos

Recognition of foreign professional qualifications

WebTutorials for qualified professionals

German exercises for job seeking and application process

Information on the web.

• Application training: Finding jobs and applying successfully
• Federal Office for Migration and Refugees Checklist for your application documents
• Information on Europass The Europass CV for applicants

Do you have any questions?

Let us advise you on your opportunities to work and live in Germany. Our experts will support you with questions regarding job search, visa, recognition and learning German. 

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Soft skills

German: Soft Skills

Soft skills are interpersonal skills and competence in dealing with other people.

Documents for job application in Germany: Your Checklist

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When I decided to move to Germany with my wife, one of the first things I took care of was getting my work-related documents translated for the German job market. During the research, I learned what documents I needed for a successful job application in Germany.

This article provides you with a complete list of essential documents and why they are crucial for your application. I hope you find this information valuable for your future applications.

Key takeaways

• Applicants in Germany should hand over several supporting documents .
• Since you can’t expect someone is familiar with the language of the country you have lived in so far, it’s essential to translate those documents legally .
• In the following paragraphs, you will find a list of essential documents for your job application in Germany.
• The first ones are language certificates , especially if you have any for the German language.
• School leaving documents can be vital if you are relatively new in your profession and do not have a long work history in your home country.
• University degrees are essential throughout your career. There are specific professions in Germany, like doctors or lawyers, that require you to have those recognized in Germany.
• If you did not go to university but finished a vocational school , translate the final certificates.
• There are several professions for which you need your vocational training certificates recognized in Germany.
• Letters of recommendation and evidence for an internship or voluntary work can be valuable during your employment inquiry in Germany.

Legally translate all your documents for when you apply for a job in Germany

It’s common to send the documents mentioned in the following paragraphs alongside your German CV and your German cover letter . Since you are most likely coming from a non-German-speaking country, it’s essential translate your documents into German.

But why should you legally translate all your documents for your job submission in Germany? German employers need to be sure that those documents are translated by a professional. And that the content of the translated document reflects 100% of the original document.

Documents with a high status in an employment application in Germany:

• school leaving certificates
• university certificates
• other training certificates
• and recommendation letters

Don’t even think about falsifying your documents

If you would fake their content or do not tell the truth about some of them, legal consequences might follow if an employer finds out.

In Germany, there are cases where applicants have been brought to court for forgery of documents or “Urkundenfälschung.” Getting legally translated documents prevents you from such an unpleasant outcome.

Even if you don’t need or should attach all of them to every application, they might come in handy when your future employer asks you to provide copies of the officially translated documents. 

Language certificates for your application for employment in Germany

Germans tend not to include any language certificates because everyone expects you to speak and write German fluently when born and raised in Germany.

In your case, the situation is different.

Since you are coming to Germany from abroad, people will closely look at your language skills.

By providing language certificates that are correctly translated, you avoid already most of the difficult questions. Or even being not considered for your new job.

Before coming to Germany, please make sure that you at least have German skills at a B1 level or higher.

This will also help you with your visa application process for your job, as I mentioned in another article previously.

Also, if you learned any additional languages to a certain extent, get those attached to your application.

Nowadays, several companies are searching specifically for people capable of speaking English or other languages. So don’t be afraid of proving your experience there to your future employer.

School-leaving certificates

It’s common to attach your school-leaving certificates alongside all other documents to your job application in Germany. Those are important, especially if you are younger, as HR people like to see which subjects you’ve chosen during school and how you did.

Please consider only attaching them if you have no long work history. After a couple of years of experience in your profession, nobody should ask you for your school-leaving certificates. Your professional experience outweighs your education to some extent.

Since you might need them at some point within your first years living in Germany, it would be helpful to translate those professionally, alongside the other documents mentioned below.

University certificates for your job application in Germany

More critical than school-leaving certificates are certificates from your university. On the one hand, university certificates are essential for your future employer. On the other hand, they are crucial for the recognition of your professional education in Germany.

For both situations, you need to show legally translated documents to the “Ausländerbehörde” or your new employer. You will also need your education recognized if you are willing to work in a regulated profession. Good examples of those are doctors or lawyers.

According to the website “ Make it in Germany ,” established by the Federal Government of Germany, Computer scientists, economists, and others will not need this kind of recognition .

You will find a step-by-step guide on this website and how to get your university degree recognized.

Vocational training / training certificates

It is the same for any vocational training or training certificates in general. Those vocational training certificates are vital for having a foreign professional qualification recognized. There are certain types of professions where this is mandatory.

You can find more about this kind of professions in a list from Bundesagentur für Arbeit.

The “Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung” bibb released an online form in English. There you can check whether you need recognition or even need to go to school for some time.

Letters of recommendation are crucial for your application

Letters of recommendation from former employers are a critical element in your application.

In Germany, it’s common to receive those after leaving a company. If you have such references from your former employers from your country, I recommend getting those translated into German.

It’s common to attach all “Arbeitszeugnisse” or letters of recommendation to applications from the past ten years.

In Germany, it’s also not very uncommon to ask for a “Zwischenzeugnis” or interim reference from your current employer. You may add those references if you can ask your current employer.

Nowadays, it’s getting even more common that sometimes employers will call one or two of your former employers to find out more about you as an employee.

Internships

If you are a job starter, you might have gone through some internships during or after university or your vocational training called “Ausbildung” in Germany. If you have any reference letters from those internships, get those translated into German.

An internship is indicated in the resume if the activity performed is directly related to the job advertisement. The clearer this connection is in content and subject matter, the better.

For example, suppose you are applying for a machine operator job and have already worked on a machine under supervision and guidance.

In that case, you will emphasize this aspect in particular.

Voluntary work

Employers highly value voluntary activities in Germany. They are a sign of commitment and other interests outside of work.

Suppose you have previously volunteered for an animal welfare organization, the environment, immigrants, or other humanitarian areas. It is worth having endorsements translated. But you might want to consider not to mention every “Ehrenamt” or voluntary work to your future employer.

Before you mention a volunteer activity in your application, think about what conclusions it draws about you. Ideally, your involvement is:

• Relevant to the job: Your involvement’s moral values and ideals fit the company. The skills and soft skills you’ve acquired will help you in your job.
• Social: Commitment in which you directly help other people (e.g., caregiver in an older people’s home) is more welcome than, for example, board membership in a fishing club.
• Non-hazardous: If there is a risk of injury (such as volunteer firefighting), employers may conclude that you may be out.
• Not too time-intensive: The focus should be your job, and you should always have enough time and energy to work.
• Long-term and regular: character development takes time. Voluntary activities that only last a few days or are only one-off are of little use in this respect.

There is only one type of engagement you should not consider mentioning: political engagement. And you should make sure that you are not mentioning too many social engagements as it might leave the impression that you are more interested in voluntary work than your work.

As you can see, many documents can support your success in getting a new job in Germany. That is why you should include in your job application in Germany following documents: school to university degrees, vocational training certificates, reference letters from former employers, and references for your voluntary work.

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How to Write the Perfect German Cover Letter: Best Practices

Reference Letter in Germany: Door Opener for Your Next Job

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Job application in German: Useful words and phrases

Imagine that you have just arrived in Vienna. You fall in love with Schnitzel, the Prater, and typical Viennese cafés. Your command of German is already pretty good and your German lessons help you in intensifying your knowledge. There is just one problem: the emptiness of your pocket. So, you are thinking of applying for a job in Vienna. We from INNES are happy to provide you with some words and phrases that will increase your chances of success! 

How to apply

First of all, you need to find an  employment ad . You can easily find these on websites like Unijobs.at or talto.com. Those offer a wide variety of all kinds of jobs, many of which are most suitable for a student lifestyle. Another great way to find a job is to use LinkedIn. If you have an active profile there, you can connect with thousands  of people and many possible employers. In some ways, it’s way more sophisticated than other job platforms as it is both a platform and a social network, that spreads over more than 200 countries and it has become  quite common for Austrian companies and entrepreneurs  to have a LinkedIn profile of their own. If you invest some time in updating your profile on a regular basis, there is a good chance, that  you will be found by your future employer  instead of having to look for him. If you are looking for some further ideas on how to get the most out of LinkedIn, be sure to check out these tips. 

If you have a certain company in mind, don’t forget to check their own website. In case they haven’t got any job vacancies at the moment, you can send them an “Initiativbewerbung” (unsolicited application). They will tell you that they have received your application and keep it in mind in case a suitable position comes up. Of course, you don’t want to wait for so long, which means that  you keep looking,  and – eventually – the perfect ad pops up. 

Employment ads in German are very similar to those in other languages. A short pitch on the company, a description of what you have to bring with you (experience, education…), and what they offer (salary and such). You can find a list of useful vocabulary at the bottom  of this text, be sure to check it out! There are  two main documents  an employer wants to receive when you apply for a job: a “Lebenslauf” (Curriculum vitae) and a “Bewerbungsschreiben” (letter of application). We will have a look at both of them shortly. Some might also want to see an “Arbeitszeugnis” (employer’s reference) or even a “Leumundszeugnis” (character reference), although this is quite unlikely. They usually trust you to have – as it is called in English – good character, which would be an “einwandfreier Leumund.” Now that we have established that, let’s have a look at the two must-haves when you apply for any job in Vienna. 

Just one more hint, before we start: If you still feel a little insecure after this article about how to apply, you might want to consider taking part in one of our INNES Classes.  A professional German teacher will help you in improving your language skills and create a convincing C.V. During the classes, there will even be training for job interviews in German. Do you need more information? Let us know!

Curriculum Vitae – Lebenslauf 

As in English, the C.V. is supposed to be short and more of  a list of biographical facts  rather than full sentences. Start with your name, birthdate and -place, contact information and address at the top of the page and list your education. Nowadays it is expected to list your education chronologically, starting from your highest education and going down all the way to secondary school. If you are proud of your marks, you can add them in brackets. Your work experience is the next thing you should mention and also any occasional advanced training on the job. 

Depending on the job you are applying for, you should also add the languages you speak, useful skills (like driving license, computer skills) and even some hobbies. When you give information on your command of any language, it will be way more convincing to add  a certificate of a language course you completed . For example, if you have already completed one of our German Courses, you will have a certificate of your command of the German language. Since INNES is an institute that is widely known within companies situated in Vienna, you will most certainly have an advantage when applying. Concerning hobbies,  it would be most advisable to name things like sports, reading or playing an instrument . We really recommend not to add hobbies such as smoking and getting wasted on weekdays. One last thing about the C.V.:  Add a professional picture of yours . Imagine the employer’s part: He’s receiving dozens of applications a day and he will remember you better, when you add a picture. There you go, it’s as simple as that. Now let’s move on to the hard part. 

Letter of application – Bewerbungsschreiben 

Starting off  

Let’s face it: Writing a letter in a foreign language is one of the  most difficult challenges  you will have to accomplish. Even worse: In a letter of application, you have to  write a well-structured and convincing text about yourself  to your future boss. Don’t get nervous now. We from INNES are happy to help you with preparing for any job application. Have you checked out our flexible German LIVE Online Courses? If you book an online class, you can give detailed information on what exactly you want to practice (your writing skills for example) as well as where you are standing in terms of your command of German.  Just choose time and date according to your schedule  and you can start improving your German while sitting on your couch! But for now, let us give you a few hints that will certainly help you. 

In general, every application should be written accordingly to your work experience and the company you are trying to convince of your strengths. It doesn’t matter if you apply for a waiter’s job at a pizza restaurant or an open position at your university, the basics always remain the same. Without further ado, let’s begin. We will guide you through the whole letter now, from beginning to ending! 

First things first:  You need a title.  Nothing fancy, simply write: 

Bewerbung auf Ihre Anzeige „… “– Application for your job ad „… “ OR 

Bewerbung als “…” – Application as “…” 

Now it’s time for a salutation. If you have been learning German for a longer time, you are already familiar with various forms of address. Here is a reminder, which is valid for all forms of letters.  There are formal and informal styles . 

Lieber Hans/ Liebe Julia, – Dear Hans/ Dear Julia, (mind the gender!) 

Sehr geehrter Herr/ Sehr geehrte Frau, – Dear Mr./ Dear Mrs./Ms., 

While you will notice no difference in English, German is once again a little more complicated. It is of crucial importance, that you  use the formal style when applying for a job . If you do not know the name of the recipient (which you should) there is no equivalent to the English form “To whom it may concern”, you simply write: 

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, – Dear ladies and gentlemen, 

In the first abstract you should refer to the source of your information. How do you know about the open position? There is one important rule here, that – if you keep it in mind – will separate you from the vast majority of applicants: After the salutation, the next letter needs to be  lower case . Why? Because you already started the sentence with the salutation. Here is how it looks like: 

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, 

ich habe Ihre Anzeige auf der Website unijobs gelesen. – I have read your ad on the website unijobs. 

Also, even if it’s obvious, you need to mention, that you are applying for the open position you mentioned in the title. Use simple sentences such as these: 

Ich möchte mich um die ausgeschriebene Stelle bewerben. – I wish to apply for the advertised post. 

Mit diesem Schreiben möchte ich mich bei Ihnen (für die Stelle ….) bewerben. – With this letter, I wish to apply (for the position of …). 

If you cannot refer to an ad, it’s no problem at all. 

Ich schreibe Ihnen, um mich zu erkundigen, ob es in Ihrem Unternehmen eine freie Stelle gibt. – I am writing to you to inquire if there is a vacancy in your company. 

Ich möchte mich auf diesem Wege bei Ihrer Firma vorstellen. – I wish to introduce myself to your company. 

Are you feeling self-confident? Then show it to your future boss and conclude your introduction with one of the following phrases: 

Erlauben Sie mir, mich vorzustellen. – Allow me to introduce myself. 

In den nächsten Absätzen werde ich Ihnen zeigen, warum ich der ideale Kandidat für die Position bin. – In the following paragraphs, I will show you, why I am the perfect candidate for the position. 

You have caught your future employer’s attention – now what? 

The next step on your way to your employment is to  outline your personal assets . Remember, that the hard facts are already in the CV, so give some new information or elaborate on your experience or education. The difficult part is to write full sentences, that are somehow eloquent. You could talk about what you focused on in your studies or what exactly your area of responsibility was at your last job. Maybe even mention why you are no longer working at your last company. This text is  highly individual , but you could drop some phrases like these: 

Wie Sie in meinem angehängten Lebenslauf sehen können… – As you can see from the enclosed CV… 

Da ich meine Kenntnisse erweitern möchte, suche ich nach Veränderung. – Since I wish to extend my knowledge, I am seeking a change. 

In meinem Studium habe ich mich besonders mit … auseinandergesetzt. – During my studies I have focused on … 

An meinem letzten Arbeitsplatz lernte ich … – At my last workplace I learned to … 

The advantage of a letter of application in comparison to the C.V. is that you can write about your soft skills. Name some qualities which you think you’ll need at your new job. Here are some easy examples: 

stressresistent – stress-resistant 

kommunikativ – communicative 

lösungsorientiert – solution-oriented  

teamfähig – a team-player 

selbstständig – independent (as in “working independently”) 

Even though you might find it in some tutorials for job applications,  we kindly warn you  not to name skills, that can be seen as taken for granted. Being “pünktlich” (punctual) is expected and not something that makes you special. The same goes for words like motivated, interested, honest or trustworthy. All these skills go without saying. 

Do not forget to  do some flattery . Make them believe that you have chosen this company as carefully as this company should choose you. Name a few qualities the company is known for (even if it isn’t, make something up) or what you liked about the ad. Obviously, you will not comment on the salary, but perhaps they offer daycare, or you know someone, who is already working there. Maybe you even made an internship. It’s good to show them that you have put some thought into your application. Use phrases like these: 

Ihre Weiterbildungsprogramme haben mich beeindruckt. – Your program for advanced training on the job really impressed me. 

Ihre Firma ist bekannt für attraktive Arbeitszeiten. – Your company is well known for attractive working hours. 

Natürlich möchte ich die Chance nutzen, beim Marktführer zu arbeiten. – It goes without saying that I want to work for the brand leader. 

Wrapping it up

The main part shouldn’t be longer than two or three paragraphs, after all, you want your boss to read it himself. As it is with all letters,  you cannot just stop writing when you have said everything that seems to be of importance. Use some phrases to let him or her know you are available and waiting for his/ her response.

Ich bin jederzeit verfügbar für ein Gespräch. – I am always available for an interview.

Ich freue mich, Sie persönlich kennen zu lernen. – I am looking forward to meet you in person.

Ich freue mich, von Ihnen zu hören. – I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Wenn Sie noch weitere Fragen haben, zögern Sie nicht, mich zu kontaktieren. – If you have any more questions, do not hesitate to contact me.

Important : Do not forget that this is still a letter. So, you need to use a way of ending your letter properly. As with the beginning, we have an informal and a formal way.

Liebe Grüße – Greetings, OR even worse

Bussi – kisses

Mit freundlichen Grüßen – Yours sincerely,

Mit besten Wünschen – With kindest regards

That would be all. Remember to stay polite, highlight your individual skills and why you are a suitable candidate for a certain position. If you are afraid that your command of the German language is not as high as that of a native German speaker, do not worry. Use it to  dwell on your international experience  and your immense language skills. With these phrases  you are safe to impress your future employer . Remember that you can always work on your skills, for example for an  authentic performance during a job interview in German , when you book one of our German Language Courses. That way, you will feel way more secure during your pursuit of your career. Now it is up to you to find your dream job and apply. Be courageous! We wish you good luck!

List of useful vocabulary

Anforderung, die – requirement 

Arbeitserfahrung, die – work experience 

Arbeitsplatz, der – work place 

Arbeitszeugnis, das – employer’s reference 

Ausbildung, die – education 

Bewerbung, die – Application 

Bewerbungsgespräch, das – job interview 

Computerkenntnisse/ EDV-Kenntnisse, die (always plural) – computer literacy 

Flexible Arbeitszeit, die – flexible working hours 

Führerschein, der – driving licence 

Gehalt, das – salary 

Lebenslauf, der – Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) 

Leumundszeugnis, das – character reference 

Motivationsschreiben, das – Letter of application 

Praktikum, das – internship 

Selbstständig/ freiberuflich – freelance 

Stelle, die – position 

Teilzeit (usally without article) – part time 

Weiterbildung, die – advanced training 

Weiterbildungsprogramm, das – program for advanced training

Thomas Hinterhofer

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Job Application

After arriving in Germany, finding accommodation, and arranging a health insurance, it's time to start looking for work. And as any job-seeker knows, that means completing as many job applications as it takes until you find the right position.

However, what every job-seeker doesn't know is that a job application in Germany can be a little different to elsewhere. Let's explore the theme a little further and help you land a dream job. 

How to apply for a job in Germany

Check out our tips

Every position is slightly different, and there may be minor variations in specific sectors of the economy. However, in most cases, the process of applying for a job in Germany will run roughly like this. 

1. Research the best areas to work

Firstly, you'll need to know   which jobs are needed in Germany?   There are some excellent resources around which aggregate German jobs data, but the government's   Make it in Germany portal   is probably the best option to start with. So if you're wondering if there are jobs in Germany within your sector it's a great place to begin the journey. 

2. Ensure that your qualifications are recognized

You will also need to   ensure that your   existing qualifications are officially recognized in Germany . Again, the government runs a   handy site   to check whether your degree is sufficient, or additional training will be required. And sometimes, the answer to the question "can foreigners work in Germany" is unfortunately no. If your qualifications aren't in demand or recognized, work will be hard to find. 

3. Search job vacancies

Now you can start searching for specific posts, and   finding jobs in Germany for foreigners is usually surprisingly easy . Make it in Germany   gathers   together a lot of jobs that are suitable for foreign applicants. 

If you are looking for jobs in Germany for English speakers, try resources like   Englishjobs.de   or the German branch of   Indeed . And if you are wondering how to apply for a job in Germany from India​, check out   MonsterIndia . There should be a wide range of potential openings. Or if you are looking for an IT job, you can search on   GermanTechJobs .

4. Complete your application

Next comes the application. This requires an updated resume, a current photograph, and copies of any relevant professional qualifications. See below for information about the   CV   and   cover letter . 

5. Secure a working visa

After being accepted, there's still work to do. When you have   secured a contract , you can then apply for a working visa via a local consulate or embassy. If you already have a six month job-seeker visa, in which case you'll be able to convert that into a long-term permit. 

6. Organize health insurance

Every worker in Germany must be insured , and there are plenty of providers to choose from. This is where Expatrio's expertise and contacts help you to secure a coverage that balances healthcare and value for money. 

Different levels of insurance include different benefits. Whichever you choose, don’t forget that health insurance is compulsory for all!

Get your Health Insurance

With our Health Insurance Plus you will benefit not only from excellent healthcare coverage, but also from additional benefits specially chosen for you.

The Cover Letter

How to nail this important component in the job application process

The cover letter is a   key aspect   of the job application process, but it's also something that many job-seekers get wrong. So here are some basic do's and don'ts to keep in your mind: 

• Ensure that you address the correct contact person. If necessary, give the company a call to check that you have the right individual.
• Be honest about your achievements and abilities, but show your passion and interest in the job you are applying for as well.
• Stick to the job and its responsibilities, or any qualifications that are relevant to the post. Don't waste time talking about your hobbies or other activities.
• Add a hand-written signature at the end of the letter. It's a nice human touch and shows that you haven't churned out a form letter for the post in question.

DON'T 

• Write in large paragraphs without space in between. Use shorter paragraphs where possible, with short sentences that are easy to read.
• Use slang or informal language. Avoid sounding conversational. Reading the letter back after completion can help to achieve the right balance of personal content and formality.
• Resort to exaggerations or untruths. Any dishonesty is sure to be exposed, and often jumps out of cover letters as a potential red flag.

Can I get a job in Germany without speaking German?​

The idea of writing a cover letter in German can be out of the question for some people, but as we've seen,   there are plenty of English language jobs in Germany . In these cases, cover letters will still be needed, and the same rules apply - just   translated into English . 

How to structure a typical cover letter

Most cover letters follow a similar template. The   first paragraph   states the full name of the position, and may reference the referrer who informed the applicant about the job. 

The   second paragraph   explains why the applicant is interested, what qualities that have that make them suited to the job, any relevant experience in the field, and discusses how the applicant will contribute to the company in the future. 

The   third paragraph   lets the company know when the applicant is available for an interview (or phone interview if they cannot be in Germany at that time). And the   fourth paragraph   states what has been supplied with the letter (such as a CV and photographs), and includes contact details for the applicant. 

Find out more about this vital feature

Your CV sums up your personal history, and forms a core point of reference for German employers, so it's   vital to get your CV right when applying . 

There are some important   differences   between German CVs and the ones that applicants may be familiar with. Most importantly,   there's no room for boasting or stressing personal qualities on a German CV . So stick to relevant information, instead. And in Germany, CVs tend to include a passport-sized photo in the top right corner, something that US or UK versions lack. In case you need help   translating your CV to German , you can also  book translation services online .

The content of the CV is also slightly different to other countries.   German CVs always start with educational information   (from high school level to postgraduate),   before listing work experience . German employers also tend to be more keen to see supporting documents (such as professional certificates or degrees). These should be supplied along with the CV in either hard or digital formats.

How to create the perfect German CV

If you want to wow employers, keep in mind these simple tips and you should do fine: 

• Education first, then work, then anything else.
• Keep it short. Two pages is routine.
• Remember the photo in the top right corner.
• Include your address, email address, phone number, date of birth, and full name at the top of the document.
• Use bullets to list your accomplishments in jobs or academic courses.
• If you have any gaps, be sure to provide a short explanation.
• Don't include reference addresses. Instead, you'll need to secure written references to send to your prospective employer.

When applying for your visa

This advice also applies to the one page CV for German visa​ applications, and it's a good idea to write both at the same time. The shorter format doesn't require so much detail - just stick to the length of your stay, what kind of work you are seeking, and your professional qualifications. 

The Job Interview

The final step to get your dream job

If your cover letter and CV are successful, you'll be invited for a job interview. And - as with every other stage of the process,   it's important to get the interview right if you want to succeed . So, here are some tips: 

• Make sure you are completely punctual. Any lateness could kill your chances.
• Dress smartly - even if your work attire is relatively informal. Press your trousers, iron your shirt, and make sure any stains are brushed off before attending.
• Never criticize past employers or colleagues. Keep things objective and neutral, if possible.
• Stay engaged, feel free to ask questions, and don't just drone on and on. Employers appreciate applicants who show initiative and can hold a conversation.
• Be confident about what you have accomplished, and state your achievements clearly - without sounding boastful. And never exaggerate.
• Do some research about your potential employer. Find out about their leaders, product areas, achievements, and goals.
• Never overreact. Expect interviewers to be fairly direct, even rude in some cases. They will try to test your initiative and resolve, so don't take their tactics personally.
• Come prepared with a pen and notepad, preferably with some intelligent questions ready to ask.
• Eye contact is important, but don't overdo it. When asking questions, be direct and confident, but try to relax as well.

Employers want to see evidence of effective collaboration and cooperation - not personal dominance. So even if you are super-confident, try to help your team members and work with them, not against them.

In general,   the process of applying for work in Germany isn't as daunting as it may seem . So don't worry too much about questions like how do I apply for a job in another country​?

Just use the resources available and come up with a killer cover letter and CV!

We're building the best solution for internationals coming to Germany.

Recognition of Degrees in Germany

German Job Seeker Visa

German Visa Application Process for International Students

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Why the German reference letter is so important

Nicola Pilz

Summary of what you need to know:

Every employee is entitled by law to get such a document.

Each of these topics must follow the rules:

1) the structure,

2) the content and

3) the wording used f

When you apply for a new job the recruiter exects t o see your work reference from your previous employer.

If somethings wrong with your reference, it will raise the suspicion of the HR, then you’re a) are not being invited at all b) you have a tough job to explain what went wrong in the job.

You do need to understand the wording, the code and the omissions to evaluate the assessment in your reference. If you have any doubts, ask a lawyer.

The fact that I am now writing about the „Arbeitszeugnis“ is actually due to Sumati.

We went out to meet for breakfast on a Saturday morning. When I told her about the blog I asked her: What do you think I should write about? What do you find unusual, irritating, or strange in the German working world?“ It didn’t take long, just a quick thought, and then Sumati asked, „Why are German employment references so important?!“

It’s been quite a long since I’ve written a reference. Usually, friends and clients would approach me and ask me to have a second glance at the reference they’ve received. And give feedback if it’s ok. The reason is, simply said, that even the normal-non-HR German cannot understand the meaning of the Arbeitszeugnis to its fullest.

In workshops with clients of mine, we would discuss the content and structure of a typical reference letter. And we would laugh reading some of the secret codes.

But actually, reference letters are so damned important in working life that you better shouldn’t laugh!

Sometimes, when a client of mine found it nearly impossible to get invited for an interview, it was obviously due to his last reference. Therefore, to be honest, I was not really surprised that Sumali asked for the „secret codes“ in the German reference letters.

I’m going to explain some of the reference language below for you:

Different types of „reference“ or „certificate“

Translating from German into English, I’m constantly confused with all the similar terms that exist for something like „testimony“ in English. Testimonial, testimony, reference letter, recommendation letter, job confirmation, report card, and so on.

A German employer reference is neither a recommendation nor a true reference letter.

Recommendation letter

is a letter written by e.g. a colleague or a professor, who recommends you to a specific institution or company.

The content: they appreciate you as a person and value your performance and achievements in a special situation, project, or period of time.

They are (theoretically) a neutral party who can offer another perspective on you, compared to an employer to whom you are bound by responsibilities.

Reference letter

is also a letter from a colleague, professor, or client but addressed ‘to whom it may concern“.

The content is much like a recommendation letter, although it is often more formal than a recommendation letter.

Certificate of employment

In German, we use the term „Zertifikat“ when we’re talking of seminars or further education. Such a „Zertifikat“ often has a fancy layout, even with this golden Zertifikat on top and we attach it to our job application documents. However, we’re not using it in the context of documents issued to us by the employer. Our employer issues us „eine Bescheinigung“ but not „ein Zertifikat“. With Bescheinigung it says it’s just a simple sheet of paper and nothing fancy.

But we have two different terms in German that are closely related:

1) It might be mistaken as an „ Arbeitszeugnis „

That’s what this article is about, the Arbeitszeugnis or work reference letter. (Actually, it’s just a plain letter sheet of paper with our employer’s company header and footer on it).

The employer issues this Arbeitszeugnis or work reference after the end of the employment relationship . It serves as proof that we’ve been employed for a defined duration and assigned a certain role or position.

2) Close to a „Bescheinigung des Arbeitgebers über die Beschäftigung“

We need such a document while we are in employment . The literal translation would be:“Documentation of the employer about the employment“. It’s not about the performance, but simply stating that a person is employed and in a job with this company. Further details may be added, e.g. it’s required by the immigration office or to register a kid at the kindergarten or because our future landlord wants proof that we have a steady monthly income.

“Arbeitszeugnis” or Work Reference Letter

is a formal document regulated by German law. Usually, I describe it as a work reference from a German employer.

There are a huge number of rules about almost everything: content, structure, paper size, signature, grades, performance, ratings, etc., and in this article, you’ll learn the most important aspects about it. I recommend using the German term Arbeitszeugnis when you’re talking about it (otherwise it’s misleading with the other terms).

The Arbeitszeugnis is unique. And even unique in Europe.

No other country, as far as I know, has such a formally regulated reference system as Germany.

Sumali has heard, like many other foreigners, that there is an extra „code“ that needs to be decrypted, almost like a puzzle.

Well, for those of us who work in Germany and want to change or find employers, it is of enormous importance. Despite its curious or even funny phrases.

If the Arbeitszeugnis reveals a bad judgment, it will be super difficult when searching for a new job.

Every HR will shy away from hiring a candidate that seemingly has major flaws.

Two types of „Arbeitszeugnisse“

#1: Simple reference letter or “einfaches Arbeitszeugnis”:

This reference is only a short confirmation of your job in Germany. It lists the when , how long, where , and what activities has someone done.

All activities that the employee has performed over the period of employment should be listed.

Only those tasks that played a subordinate role can go unmentioned.

This short reference or simple reference is usually given for short-term and/or simple positions , such as a summer job in production or in the catering industry. 

#2: Qualified employer reference letter or  “qualifiziertes Arbeitszeugnis”:

This is the regular reference letter for any person working in a qualified and suitable job. Its many many details of the tasks and working environment. 

This is the type of reference letter we Germans need to optimize as much as possible. It describes our knowledge, our work performance, and an assessment of our business and work skills. 

Even worse, it needs to have a description of how went along with colleagues, with our direct supervisor or management. If leadership was part of our role description, the Arbeitszeugnis must describe our leadership capabilities as well. 

Legal regulations for the Arbeitszeugnis

Many details of the German employer reference (“Arbeitszeugnis”) are regulated by law.

And there are a great many disputes between employees and employers in court. The 2019 dispute atlas , for example, shows that in my hometown of Paderborn , court disputes are in 3rd place (behind private issues and traffic).

I don’t think it’s necessary to go to court right away. It’s much more important to know what rights you have yourself. Then you can speak with confidence with your manager or HR.

So let’s see what the legal basis is:

#1 Reference must be truthful

The employer’s reference signed by the employer must be truthful. It must not exaggerate very good performance, i.e. it must not be a certificate of favor because the employee was simply so sweet. On the other hand, it must not be a slur that degrades the person, even if the performance was not good (at times).

#2 Reference must be benevolent

Especially important is that officially at least, the  Arbeitszeugnis must be well-disposed ( “ wohlwollend ” ) or rather benevolent towards the employee – that’s the word used by the law.

This means that the employer must (!) not write anything negative in the reference which could severely hinder the employee in his/her further professional career.

At the same time, the testimony must be „ objective“ , also according to the law.

Now, are you wondering how this is possible? It’s like trying to square the circle – writing only positive things from beginning to end, yet evaluating performance objectively.

The “grading system”

Well, we Germans have come up with a very creative grading system for positive formulations!😜

To understand the German grading system here, it helps to know that German schools and universities have a grading system from 1-6, where 1.0 is the best, 4.0 is just barely scraping by, and 5.0 means failed. The 6 is you haven’t even tried to answer a test.

It goes like this:

Nicola   has made an effor t to fulfill her duties = grade 5

Nicola  has fulfilled her tasks to our satisfaction  = grade 4

Nicola has  always worked to our satisfaction = grade 3

Nicola has  always worked to our full  satisfaction = grade 2

Nicola has  always worked to our fullest  satisfaction = grade 1

This is really weird, isn’t it? 😂 But, let me tell you, there are lots of court cases between employees and employers because of these phrases.

It is important, please don’t fail to understand the importance of the German Business Culture.

The structure of a qualified certificate

The structure of the job reference is also important. This includes, on the one hand, that the reference really contains all individual parts. Look right here once in the list, really every point must be contained in a good reference. The order of the points is also important. If I read a reference in which the order is completely different, I become attentive as a recruiter – and probably suspicious.

The ’secret‘ code in the reference

Ok, let’s talk about the „secret code“ in German references.

Unfortunately, not every employee is a rock star… 💩. Yes, we all know that the world also contains poor performers, chronically unpunctual people (Germans too!), or unfair managers.

Therefore, we have the code.

However, I have read many references and have rarely seen any of these typical secret-coded phrases. Though it doesn’t mean that they don’t exist, right? Read these examples:

#1 Example: Sociability

What do you think of „he has contributed to improving the working environment through his sociability?“

Sounds great, doesn’t it? But the statement is, that he has drunk alcohol during business hours. Perhaps not to the point of excess, but still…

# 2 Example: Self-confidence

„He has the expertise and a healthy self-confidence.“

Seems to be a confident employee, right?  

Oh dear, that is not what it seems to be. Actually, it says that this guy is a super-arrogant colleague with whom you can hardly stand being in the same office.

# 3 Example: Especially success

„For the future, we wish all the best, especially much success.“ 

I have to laugh even while writing this sentence 😄. Because, the meaning is that actually, the company is glad the colleague is leaving.

May she/ he succeeds elsewhere, but definitely, she/ he did not achieve anything in this job!

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The tricky strategy of omission

In fact, I’ve seen a few real „codes“ in the references I checked so far (which as a guide and recruiter you do with every application you see).

What happens much more often is quite a simple, but tricky strategy: to leave out important information.

You won’t notice it at first sight – instead, you’ll be thrilled with the beautiful phrases that are there.  

But leaving out an important fact can be more devastating than a striking ‘bad’ assessment.

Let’s take a salesperson as an example: It is part of a salesperson’s job to be reliable and honest in dealing with cash. So what if there is a mere positive assessment in the reference but the adjective „honest“ is missing in the behavioral description? What will you think of it?

This code is a signal for retailers: a candidate coded like this will find it most difficult to get a new job.

Another example I can give is that of a project leader : Imagine a project leader leading a small team. And her/his reference does not mention a word about leadership skills . That stands out! You can be sure that the next interview will be like a hot seat, being fired with questions regarding social skills as well as her/ his personal style of dealing with people.

Your rights as an employee in Germany

Your right to receive a reference/ “arbeitszeugnis”.

Anyone who has worked in Germany has the right to request and receive an employer reference. This goes for student employees in a company, for part-time “ mini-jobbers ”, for odd jobs in a restaurant, or for a qualified job as a developer. “Everyone” means everyone.

However, it is quite obvious that a detailed performance evaluation is not always possible. For example, during a probationary period, there might have been not enough time or no opportunity to explicitly assess the employee’s performance after only 4 weeks or so. In this case, no qualified certificate must be issued, but rather just a simple employment confirmation.

Your obligation to request an Arbeitszeugnis

Even if you have the legal right to a work reference („Arbeitszeugnis“): It’s your obligation to ask for it.

There are many cases where a foreign employee is not aware of this obligation and waits in vain to receive a reference . And wonders why the company does not write one.

Some HR or managers procrastinate . Some do hope (secretly), the employee doesn’t ask (again) to have an Arbeitszeugnis issued!

In my first years as a consultant, I could not believe it whenever a client told me that she or he did not get any reference from his/her former employer!

But yes, that’s definitely possible! You don’t always get a certificate automatically.

This is because it’s your obligation to ask for a reference. 

Don’t be shy; it makes perfect sense to ask your supervisor or the human resources department to issue your reference, and they should not hesitate to do so (although they may not always be as quick as you would like!).

Therefore, in any case, approach your supervisor about it. And set a date for when you’ll follow up.

Your right to customization

Specifically, because so much hype is made about the individual formulations in German references, you may also request changes.

Often, the HR department will comply with your request.

From my practice, I know that often employees would like to have taken up another additional task or in another phrasing in the description part of the Arbeitszeugnis.

Or would like to have one or two other formulations in the description differently.

Most of the time, this is not a problem if the overall statement of the reference is not changed by the adjustments.

Your right to consult an attorney

In case of serious doubt, it may be advisable to ask a lawyer for advice before accepting a reference that you believe is not good.

Lawyers specializing in labor law will inform you knowledgeably if legal action is worthwhile. The fee for the lawyer, however, is up to you.

Don’t worry, most references issued are „good“

Now, take a deep breath, and stretch a bit to work out that tension: Employer references are (almost) usually „good“ and „very good“ in Germany.

Because a study from 2011 found that about 88% of the work references in Germany got the grade „good“ or „very good“.

The often-cited reason is that companies do not want to put any obstacles in the way of their former employees – just as the old German proverb says: „Travelers should not be stopped“ (Reisende soll man nicht aufhalten).

I hope that I could make the German job reference a bit more comprehensible to you. Should you have any further questions, please take a look at the comments and check if you find the information needed in there. If not, write me about what you want to learn.

Enjoy your career growth!

Published by

Nicola is a German job market expert and a strategist for getting into a job. With MyJob Germany she helps international professionals to align with the German job culture and better their career.

22 Antworten zu „Why the German reference letter is so important“

I really enjoyed this article of you and it helped me the most, compared to the other sources which could not correctly relate the german „qualified arbeitszeugnis“ to the worldwide „employer reference“. of course that the information and descriptions were also unique. my best thanks to you.

Thanks, Muhammad, for the feedback. It helps me to learn what informations is really needed. 🙂

Hi Nicola, thank you for putting this together as someone applying for a work visa was asked to produce this document. Unfortunately, there’s little to no information on how to go about it, and this article has been beneficial. It would also be helpful if you could point the readers to a sample format of these reference documents. Thank you!

You’re welcome:-) Did I understand correctly that you were asked submit an „Arbeitszeugnis“ in German format as proof of your professional activity in your home country for the German Foreigners Authority?

Hello Nicola,

Very informative post! I have a question for you. When you apply for a job from Germany are these letter a „must“. I have moved recently to Frankfurt and in the other countries where I have worked (Spain, Canada and UK) usually when you apply for a job, your future employer ask you for the details of your previous employers (name, telephone number, email address) so they can contact them and ask them about you. I am assuming this does happen in Germany? Do you think I need to contact my former employers and ask about this? Thanks!

Thanks, Natalia. It’ll surprise you, but making inquiries with former employers is NOT a common procedure in the German recruitment process. I assume that asking foreign companies is an additional, time-consuming hurdle. Nevertheless, some companies do it. Mostly, it depends on the position, area of responsibility, and security needs of the company or industry. Then they ask for your permission in the interview. If you find you‘ re not getting enough or any interview invitations, then by all means get in touch. I’ll be happy to help you build alternative trust factors into your application. Good luck in Frankfurt!

Thank you for the informative post to help navigate the German labour market!

1. Can you please clarify when this document is used, I would assume its only needed during application process or for further negotiations? i.e. after you received an employment contract there is no legal reason why you need this?

I am currently in process of obtaining an work visa. My future employer in Germany asked me to provide this document. My previous employer in not in EU. I have already received a signed employment contract. Therefore, I’m quite sure that this is because the Human Resource department have a list of documents which they usually, request without thinking too much about it. If you can please confirm my understanding it would be greatly appreciated.

2. Is it even possible to have a legal „Arbeitszeugnis“ from a non-German employer. e.g. perhaps I can convince my previous employer to write a letter in German with the help of google translate and an example.

Congratulations, Gerhard, on your new job! The Arbeitszeugnis is needed when you apply for a job. It tells your future employer, basically, that the info you provided in CV and interview are the truth. As you already have achieved to get a job offer, there’s no need to bother. If HR asks for it, I guess it’s only to make your international file complete. I assume you have some kind of document stating that you’ve worked for your old employer. I don’t think you need to bother furhter. Concentrate on picking up some more German. All the best! Nicola

Thank you for this, Nicola, really helpful!

I am moving to Germany next year and my current employer is aware and supportive (my temporary contract here is ending). I have requested a reference letter to include in my job applications and my boss has agreed to write one in whatever format is required.

I have a question though – if my boss tries to replicate the Arbeitszeugnis format using this guide, but without being really experienced in the code, is there a risk that my prospective employers could read the letter as a true German Arbeitszeugnis that is implying I’m bad in some areas? And if so, would it be better to just write a standard UK format reference letter so it’s 100% clear to them what they are reading and not to read between the lines?

Thanks for any advice you can offer!

Hi Shona, thank you for your review! 🙂 I am impressed by how much you plan ahead, really great. Regarding the work reference letter: I would (as a German HR) not expect a UK employer to write a German-style reference. For myself, it’s a good rule to include what specific tasks a candidate has accomplished, whether they are satisfied or very satisfied with your overall performance, and – if you are a team lead – that you have delivered strong results as a team lead and have been respected and recognized by your people. If that is included, I would be highly satisfied 🙂 Good luck on your way, Nicola

Thank you for such a informative post. i requested Arbeitszeugnis to my ex employer and they refused. What should i do in this case? I already have it in German Language.

Hi Waqas, good to hear that the blog post helped. Usually the company language is either German or English – to be identified in which language your work contract is written. As far as I as a no-lawyer know, the company is only required to write the Arbeitszeugnis in the company language. If this is the situation you’ve described, than don’t worry: Simply to translate your Arbeitszeugnis into English, and attach it along the German one when you apply. Easy peasy! All the success !

Such a needed article and good information, thank you! Can someone ask for both – a reference and a qualified reference?

Hey Anny, danke dir! Sure you can ask, and if you’re on good terms with the HR it won’t be a problem. As for me, I don’t know what to do with the short version. Viele Grüße!

This was really helpful! Thanks for sharing for free. Every single word is worth the read.

Thank you for the feedback!

Thank you so much for sharing the relevant information.

I am Vinay and I am from India. We do not have a reference letter concept, we have usually an „experience letter“ which describes an employee details , working hours, roles, and responsibilities and signed by an Team leader or HR.

I have the same format with both of my past employers and now I am in Germany and came to know about this which seems super important here.

Is it okay to use those or should I make another one in German format including behaviors as well? They are not aware of the format so they are asking me the format and are ready to sign after writing their comments on my behaviour and qualities.

Could you please provide a sample copy for the same if possible?

and does it really affect the application if it is not part of the application documents while applying?

Looking forward to your response.

Regards Vinay Yadav.

German employers with experience hiring candidates from India are aware of the different system, personally I wouldn’t expect an Indian employer to issue a German type work reference. All the luck with your job search!

Hi Nicola. Great article ! Any recommendations on how Long should the Description of tasks be ? Should we Provide More details in the most recent position? And less Details for old positions? Do you offer private consulting? Like help to draft the reference Letter, CV, linked in Profile, etc ? In case you do, I would be Interested !

Thank you! The general recommendation is to concentrate on the essential tasks, everything else depends on the individual case. Grecia, and all the other readers of this post: Don’t worry too much about the work reference letter. It’s much more important for your first application in Germany to align your CV so that it appears familiar to the German recruiter and he/she gets the feeling that you are already somewhat familiar with the German work culture. I can help you with this, write to me at [email protected] – I just don’t have this as a service on my site because my focus is on longer coaching packages. We need good people in Germany, keep applying and have some mercy with all the HRs who cannot read nor understand the common CVs that work in the rest of Europe or USA.

Hello Nicola. What an impressive article! I trust all is well with you. I’m currently based in UK, working remotely(virtual) in Germany. I recently requested a reference letter from my German boss. She inquired whether I preferred it in English or German, and I find myself unsure about the best course of action. (1) Would it be acceptable to request the reference letter in both German and English? My thinking is that having a German letter would be beneficial for potential future opportunities in Germany, while an English version would be advantageous for applications in English-speaking countries. Do you think this is a feasible/okay arrangement? Would it not decipher the secret codes?

Additionally, she mentioned that if there are specific details I’d like to include in the reference letter, (2) do you have any thoughts or recommendations on that matter? I appreciate your insights.

Finally, (3)would it be acceptable to request a reference letter while still currently freelance employed, considering my intention to use it for other part-time roles? I appreciate your attention to this query. Thank you!

Have mercy with me writing whole essays here 🤣. You’re welcome to schedule a session, dear.

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