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[STEP 5] AWARE (Answer Writing REdefined)- Value Additions & Unique Answer Writing Strategy for Each Paper GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4 – UPSC Mains – Master the Art by Mohan Sir!

• June 24, 2021

IASbaba's Mains Strategy , Important Updates , TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing , UPSC Articles

Dear Students,

AWARE (Answer Writing Redefined ) is a new initiative on how to Master the Art of Answer Writing for UPSC MAINS .

In this Series, Mohan Sir (Founder, IASbaba) discusses about the 7 Steps to Master the Art of Answer Writing .

Now that the foundation to Answer Writing is laid down –

10 Myths about Answer Writing ,

How to Start Answer Writing? & the 1st Principle of Answer Writing ,

How to Structure an Answer – 5 Unique Ways of Writing INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION

How to Structure an Answer – Understanding Directives/Keywords in UPSC Mains Answer Writing| Examine,Analyse, Comment

Difference between Good, Average and Bad Presentation, How & Where to use Tree Diagram/Flowchart; Hub & Scope Model; Venn Diagram; Geometric Shapes; Cyclic; Timelines; Graphs & tables; Maps & Diagrams!

The next step ( 5th STEP ) is to understand –

[VIDEO] Watch, STEP 5 – Value Additions & Answer Writing Strategy for Each Paper GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4 (UPSC Mains)

TIMELINES: KEYWORDS/DIRECTIVES Explained with Examples!

01:28 – 1.) Value Addition GS1-History

09:08 – Value Addition GS1- Geography

10:12 – Value Addition GS1- Society

12:06 – Value Addition GS2- Polity/Governance

14:13 – Value Addition GS2- International Relations

18:03 – Value Addition GS3- Economics/Agriculture/Industries

19:37 – Value Addition GS4- Ethics

22:16 – Different Strategy for Different Paper Ex: Smart Cities in GS 1

27:47 – Different Strategy for Different Paper Ex: Smart Cities in GS 3

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[Topper's Notes] Rushikesh Reddy - UPSC Essay Value Addition Material (PDF)

UPSC Civil Services Exam Topper Rushikesh Reddy shared his entire notes with UPSC online test-preparation websites like www.clearias.com which helped him secure a top rank. He wishes to help fellow aspirants who prepare online by self-study.

Rushikesh Reddy has secured All India Rank 95 in UPSC Civil Services Examination 2019-20.

This PDF contains Value Addition Material for UPSC Essay Paper (in point format) prepared by Rushikesh Reddy.

Aspirants can download the notes for FREE by clicking the button.

Free PDF is a value addition Series to make your IAS preparation easier and hassle-free by providing Tailor made & Crisp study material, for UPSC CSE

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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

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6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien,  The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school –  Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

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Vision IAS Essay Material Notes 2023 PDF

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Vision IAS Essay Material 2023 PDF [Vision IAS Classroom Materials Notes PDF]

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Start on a poetic journey of self-expression through Shabbir Sir UPSC Essay Program, where words weave the magic of ideas and insights . Unleash the artistry of essay writing with our UPSC Essay Course!

• Delve into 68 enriching sessions
• Assess yourself through 6 essays sectional tests , each adorned with model essays as your guiding stars.
• Let Shabbir Sir's sessions be your muse , revealing the secrets to crafting Topical , Abstract , and Comprehensive essays.
• Get access to Essay Booklets - Your guide to Enriched Content to be quoted in your magical essays
• Download Model Essays of PYQs - 2022 & 2023 with the Course

Enchant your essays – enroll now and let your words dance on the canvas of possibility!

Please note - Evaluations are only VALID till Mains 2024!

• 68 Self-Study Video Sessions
• 6 Essays Sectional Tests with Model Essays
• Model Essays of PYQ 2023 & 2022
• Essay Value Added Content! - 4 Different PDFs
• Shabbir Sir's sessions teaching the best approach towards writing an essay - be it Topical, Abstract, or a Comprehensive Essay
• Detailed Feedback & Evaluation.
• Each test will have 4 Topics of which only 1 topic can be chosen to write an Essay on.

UPSC Essay - Self-Study

Enquire about the upsc essay course by shabbir sir, free resources, upsc model essays pyq 2022, upsc model essays pyq 2023, essay value added content.

Important Personalities - Sample

Book Summaries - Sample

UPSC Essay Syllabus

Candidates must write two essays selected from a provided list of topics, collectively accounting for 250 marks .

Exploring the Art of Essay Writing

Understanding the essence of an essay.

• Essay Definition : A concise prose composition exploring a topic, voicing a perspective, or persuading on a thesis (M.H. Abrams).
• Essay Types : Formal and informal; CSE focuses on formal essays - factual, impersonal, and serious.

CSE Essay Writing Essentials

• Two essays in 1000-1200 words, each worth 125 marks.
• Sections A and B offer a choice of 4 essays each, selecting one from each.
• Thought alignment with the subject, coherent expression for credit.

Laying the Groundwork

• Practice as a cornerstone for essay excellence.
• Initial groundwork: understanding structured essays, planning, enhancing content within time limits.

Anatomy of a Well-Crafted Essay

Structuring the narrative.

• Introduction, conclusion, and substantive body paragraphs.
• Segmented body paragraphs: supportive, critical, or narrative.

Syllabus Keywords

• 'Closely', 'arrange', 'orderly', 'concise', 'effective', 'coherent'.

Planning for Articulation

• Define the essay's focus, brainstorm ideas, outline the narrative.
• Central idea exploration within specified dimensions.

Creative Brainstorming

• Unleashing thoughts for rapid referencing.
• Focus, boundaries, and time limit setting.

Enriching the Essay

• Social, political, economic, legal, technological, and more.
• Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, Environmental dimensions exploration.

Crafting the Essay Masterpiece

Blueprinting the narrative.

• Pre-writing essay blueprint for clarity.
• Facilitating a comprehensive view of the narrative.

Time Management

• Two essays in 3 hours; allocated time per essay.
• Engaging the reader, clarity, and intriguing elements.

Art of Expression

• Flow, writing orders (Known-to-New, Simple-to-Complex).
• FREQOES method for enriched content addition.

Masterful Conclusions

• Summarization, suggestive pathways, cyclic return technique.

Artistic Revision

• Reviewing, correcting, maintaining original essence.
• Learning from past essays, utilizing quotes, and anecdotes.

Essay writing, an intricate tapestry of expression, demands meticulous planning, creative expression, and concise articulation. Each element forms a thread in the narrative fabric, weaving a compelling story within defined boundaries and enriching the reader's experience.

Key Highlights

Learn the Fundamentals in Essay writing

Know how to integrate abstract and philosophical topics in your Essays

Strategy to attempt a Perfect Essay would be taught

Handwritten Model Essays and value added content

About the faculty.

Shabbir Bashir

Shabbir A Bashir is one of the co-founders of Edukemy and industry’s most lauded professor in UPSC preparation. He has been in the industry...

Shabbir A Bashir is one of the co-founders of Edukemy and industry’s most lauded professor in UPSC preparation. He has been in the industry for over 18 years, guiding aspirants with his immense knowledge of Geography and the Environment. Throughout his career, he has ensured that every UPSC aspirant gains exceptional guidance.

Prior to co-founding Edukemy, he worked as a senior faculty member with Vajiram and Ravi for 17 years. He is highly qualified, with a degree in Civil Engineering from VSSUT, Burla, and is certified in management and leadership skills by INSEAD (ILPSE).

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FAQs on UPSC Essay

How do i write upsc essays.

Follow these 6 steps:

Step 1: Create a rough draft for the essay topic.

Step 2: Add depth to the topic.

Step 3: Use good and expressive language.

Step 4: Write a good introduction.

Step 5: Connect the dots.

Step 6: Write a compelling conclusion.

How many essays are there in UPSC?

There are two essays in the UPSC civil services mains exam, each with a word count of 1000–1200. One topic is selected from a choice of four, and the Essay Paper is for a total of 250 marks.

What are the essay topics for IAS exam?

Topics cover various aspects like Indian Democracy, Bureaucracy, Politics, Administration, Economic Growth, Development, Culture, Judiciary, Poverty, Justice, Media, Environment, Education, Women, Globalization, Science & Tech, etc.

Is there a syllabus for the essay in UPSC?

The essay paper's syllabus is not specifically defined; candidates need to focus on showcasing their writing skills and analytical abilities.

Are UPSC essays repeated?

While there may be some repetitive questions in UPSC papers, it's not a consistent pattern. Repeated questions are observed more in subjects like History, Economics, and Indian Polity.

How to crack UPSC essay paper?

Read many good essays and articles, follow newspaper editorials, note relevant lines or quotes, and build a collection of opening and closing lines.

Where can I read UPSC essays?

Consider reading Hindu Editorial Columns, Yojana Magazine, Kurukshetra Magazine, and Frontline Magazine for reference.

What is the highest marks in UPSC essay?

Apurva Pandey holds the record for scoring the highest marks in the UPSC Essay paper, securing 175 out of 250 marks.

Can we draw diagrams in UPSC essays?

While it's possible to use diagrams if relevant, emphasis should generally be on writing in an essay.

How can I improve my marks in UPSC essay?

Craft a thesis and antithesis, use a variety of ideas, incorporate relevant quotes, and end the essay on a high note to impress the examiner.

Can we use subheadings in UPSC essays?

Yes, subheadings are allowed, but the essay should remain coherent, logical, and well-structured.

What is the pattern of UPSC essay?

The essay should follow a structured pattern: introduction, historical background (if any), main subject or problem, linkage with current affairs, positive and negative aspects, and a forward-looking conclusion.

How to start UPSC essay writing?

Follow the 6 steps: Create a rough draft, add depth, use expressive language, write a good introduction, connect the dots, and conclude compellingly.

UPSC Essay:

The UPSC Essay paper is an integral part of the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in India. It holds significant weightage and requires candidates to showcase their analytical and writing skills on a diverse range of topics. With a duration of three hours and a choice between multiple topics, the UPSC Essay tests candidates' ability to articulate their thoughts coherently, critically evaluate issues, and present well-structured arguments. Excelling in the UPSC Essay paper demands comprehensive preparation, including practice essays, understanding diverse perspectives, and staying updated with current affairs and socio-political developments.

UPSC Essay Coaching:

UPSC Essay coaching plays a pivotal role in guiding aspirants to master the art of essay writing for the Civil Services Examination. Edukemy's UPSC Essay Course, led by renowned educator Shabbir sir, stands out as an exceptional coaching program tailored to meet the unique needs of aspirants. Shabbir sir's expertise and personalized guidance empower candidates to enhance their writing abilities, critical thinking skills, and subject knowledge. The course encompasses a structured curriculum covering various aspects such as essay structuring, effective utilization of data and examples, language proficiency enhancement, and time management techniques. With Shabbir sir's mentorship and comprehensive approach, aspirants gain the confidence and proficiency required to excel in the UPSC Essay paper.

UPSC Essay Course:

Edukemy's UPSC Essay Course , spearheaded by the esteemed educator Shabbir sir, is meticulously designed to equip aspirants with the essential skills and knowledge needed to ace the essay paper of the Civil Services Examination. The course curriculum is curated to cover a wide array of topics relevant to the UPSC syllabus, including current affairs, socio-economic issues, governance, and international relations. Shabbir sir's insightful guidance, coupled with personalized attention, ensures that candidates develop a strategic approach towards essay writing, enabling them to tackle diverse topics with confidence and clarity. Additionally, the course incorporates mock tests, essay workshops, and individualized feedback sessions to assess and refine candidates' performance continuously. By enrolling in Edukemy's UPSC Essay Course, aspirants receive top-notch preparation under the expert guidance of Shabbir sir, thus significantly enhancing their chances of success in the Civil Services Examination.

Essay Coaching for UPSC:

Essay coaching for UPSC takes on a new dimension with Edukemy's UPSC Essay Course led by the esteemed mentor, Shabbir sir. Tailored to meet the specific requirements of UPSC aspirants, this course offers a comprehensive approach towards essay writing, focusing on honing candidates' analytical skills, critical thinking abilities, and depth of understanding on various subjects. Shabbir sir's classes provides invaluable insights into UPSC's essay evaluation criteria, enabling candidates to tailor their essays effectively. Through structured practice sessions, constructive feedback, and continuous assessment, aspirants undergo a transformative learning experience, refining their essay-writing capabilities and maximizing their potential for success in the UPSC examination. With Edukemy's UPSC Essay Course, aspirants embark on a journey towards academic excellence under the guidance of Shabbir sir, ensuring a solid foundation for their UPSC preparation.

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Current Affairs 15th April 2024 for UPSC Prelims Exam

StudyIQ offers Daily Current Affairs and Important News for UPSC Exam 2024. Check here Current Affairs of 15th April 2024 for UPSC Exam and State PSC Exam.

Table of Contents

Context: A woman reported a man for sharing a non-consensual video of her dancing on X, leading to widespread harassment and highlighting the concerns over doxxing.

What is Doxxing?

• Example : A person might allow a video of them smoking or drinking at a private event to be shared on a friend’s Instagram but not on public platforms like X or YouTube with potential negative consequences such as tagging their employer.
• Victims might need to relocate, manage emotional distress, clarify situations with employers, secure finances, improve internet security, monitor for stalkers, and handle threats.
• Doxxing not only affects the individual but can also impact people around them, increasing risks like eviction or job loss.
• Meta’s oversight board suggested stricter rules for Facebook and Instagram to protect against data leaks like home addresses.
• Google allows removal requests for doxxing content.
• X has in-app reporting for private information and a dedicated grievance officer.
• Reddit offers a complaint forum.
• Discord updated its policies, separating doxxing and harassment guidelines.
• Social media platforms in India must comply with IT Rules, which facilitate prompt action when a cybercrime complaint is submitted.
• Cryogenics studies material properties at temperatures below -153°C.
• It focuses on conditions where everyday gases like air, nitrogen, and hydrogen become liquids.
• It relies on refrigeration technologies to achieve such low temperatures.
• Nitrogen liquefies at -196°C and helium at -269°C.
• Storage Requirements: Cryogenic fluids must be stored in vacuum flasks to prevent leaks and potential damage.

Properties and Uses of Cryogenic Materials

• Hydrogen, as a cryogenic liquid, is an efficient rocket fuel used in ISRO’s LVM-3 rocket’s third stage.
• Cryogenic hardening of steel at about -185°C increases its hardness due to more martensite in its crystal structure.
• MRI machines employ cryogenic fluids to cool their magnets for operational efficiency.

Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP)

Context: The Moscow attack raised questions about ISIS, ISKP involvement, Russia’s accusations against Ukraine, and the evolving threat landscape.

• The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (IS–KP), also known as IS–K or ISIS–K, is a regional branch of the Salafi jihadist group Islamic State (IS).
• IS–KP emerged in 2014 when fighters defected from the Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP), al Qaeda, and the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• The Islamic State dispatched emissaries from Iraq and Syria to meet with local fighters, including former TTP commanders.
• In January 2015, IS formally announced the formation of its “Khorasan” province, with Hafiz Khan Saeed as the first IS–KP emir.
• IS–KP seeks to destabilise and replace current governments within the historic Khorasan region (which includes parts of modern-day Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan).
• Their ultimate goal is to establish a caliphate across South and Central Asia, governed under a strict interpretation of Islamic sharia law.

ISKP Attribution

• Claimed by some pro-ISIS accounts after the initial escape claim failed.
• Gained traction due to ISKP threats against Russia for torturing suspects.
• Claimed/blamed for over 20 “external” attacks since 2015.
• Claimed Kabul airport attack (August 2021).
• Continued threats despite lower operational capability in Afghanistan.
• Recruited Tajik nationals online in Russia for “Hijrah to IS territory” and training in Pakistan.

Emerging Threats and Concerns

• Russian investigators suspect a mercenary group could be involved, raising questions about IS’s potential mercenary recruitment.
• The Moscow attack introduces a ‘quick-damage-and-withdraw’ tactic, possibly inspiring copycat urban warfare attacks.
• Calls for attacks on European football stadiums and the recent arrest by the FBI of a radicalised individual reflect a continuous threat.
• While IS claims need careful scrutiny, the weakening of global counter-terrorism cooperation is a concern.
• The article underscores the growing mistrust among countries, which is detrimental to effectively countering terrorism.

Examples, Data and Case Studies For Value Addition

• The country lost 414,000 hectares of humid primary forest (which constitutes 4.1 per cent of the total tree cover loss) between 2002 and 2023.
• 95 per cent of the tree cover loss in India during the period from 2013 to 2023 occurred within natural forests.
• Art and Culture (GS 1): Kuchipudi, a classical dance-drama performance originating from Andhra Pradesh, faces significant challenges in its survival due to a lack of patronage.

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