student rights and responsibilities essay

Students’ Rights

The Supreme Court ruled in 1969 that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." This is true for other fundamental rights, as well.

Do I have First Amendment rights in school?

• You have the right to speak out, hand out flyers and petitions, and wear expressive clothing in school — as long as you don’t disrupt the functioning of the school or violate school policies that don’t hinge on the message expressed.
• What counts as “disruptive” will vary by context, but a school disagreeing with your position or thinking your speech is controversial or in “bad taste” is not enough to qualify. Courts have upheld students’ rights to wear things like an anti-war armband, an armband opposing the right to get an abortion, and a shirt supporting the LGBTQ community.
• Schools can have rules that have nothing to do with the message expressed, like dress codes. So, for example, a school can prohibit you from wearing hats — because that rule is not based on what the hats say — but it can’t prohibit you from wearing only pink pussycat hats or pro-NRA hats.
• Outside of school, you enjoy essentially the same rights to protest and speak out as anyone else. This means you’re likely to be most protected if you organize, protest, and advocate for your views off campus and outside of school hours.
• You have the right to speak your mind on social media, and your school has the least authority to punish you for content you post off campus and outside of school hours that does not relate to school.

Can my school tell me what I can and cannot wear based on my gender?

• Public schools can have dress codes, but under federal law dress codes can’t treat students differently based on their gender, force students to conform to sex stereotypes, or censor particular viewpoints.
• Schools can’t create a dress code based on the stereotype that only girls can wear some types of clothes and only boys can wear other types of clothes. For example, your school can require that skirts must be a certain length, but it cannot require that some students wear skirts and prohibit others from doing so based on the students’ sex or gender expression. That also applies to pants, ties, or any other clothing associated with traditional gender roles.
• Dress codes also must be enforced equally. For example, rules against “revealing” clothing, such as bans on tank tops or leggings, shouldn’t be enforced only or disproportionately against girls.
• All students should be allowed to wear clothing consistent with their gender identity and expression, whether they identify as transgender or cisgender. This also applies to homecoming, prom, graduation, and other special school events. Schools shouldn’t require different types of clothing for special events based on students’ sex or gender identity — for example, requiring tuxedos for boys and prom dresses for girls.

Can my school discipline me for participating in a walkout?

• Because the law in most places requires students to go to school, schools can discipline you for missing class. But schools cannot discipline you more harshly because of the message or the political nature of your action.
• The punishment you could face will vary by your state, school district, and school. If you’re planning to miss a class or two, look up the policy for unexcused absences for your school and school district. If you’re considering missing several days, read about truancy. Also take a look at the policy for suspensions.
• If you are facing a suspension of 10 days or more, you have a right to a formal process and can be represented by a lawyer. Some states and school districts require a formal process for fewer days.
• You should be given the same right to make up work just as any other student who missed classes.

What do I do if I’m confronted by police at my school?

• If you’re stopped by a police officer at your school, stay calm. Don’t argue, resist, run away, or otherwise interfere with the officer. Ask if you’re free to leave. If the answer is yes, calmly and silently walk away from the officer.
• If the officer asks you a question, you have the right to remain silent. You also have the right to refuse to write or sign a statement. But if you waive these rights, anything you say, write, or sign can be used against you. And if you choose to make a statement, ask to have a lawyer, parent, or guardian present before you are questioned.
• You can refuse to give your consent to be searched by the police. This may not stop the search, but this is the best way to protect your rights if you end up in court.
• Don’t consent to a phone search; police need a warrant to search your phone. The same goes for a strip-search. No police officer or school employee has the authority to strip-search you.
• Don’t resist, fight, or flee from an officer who is arresting you. Say you wish to remain silent and ask for a lawyer immediately. Don’t say anything, sign anything, or make any decisions without a lawyer present.

The rights of immigrant students

• Schools cannot discriminate against students on the basis of race, color, or national origin.
• Undocumented children cannot be denied their right to a free public education, and schools should not require families to prove their immigration status in order to enroll their children in school.
• Students with limited English proficiency cannot be turned away by public schools, which must provide them with language instruction.

The rights of students with disabilities

• Public schools are prohibited by federal law from discriminating against people with disabilities, and cannot deny them equal access to academic courses, field trips, extracurricular activities, school technology, and health services.
• Educators and administrators must make necessary academic and medical accommodations, ensure equal access to educational activities and opportunities, and respond to harassment and bullying.

LGBTQ student rights

• LGBTQ students have a right to be who they are and express themselves in public schools.
• Public schools should not “out” students to their families.
• Public schools have a responsibility to create a safe learning environment. They cannot  ignore harassment based on a student’s appearance or behavior.  Students should report harassment or threats to a principal or counselor. This puts the school on notice that officials can be held legally responsible for not protecting students.
• Public schools cannot force students to wear clothing inconsistent with their gender identity.
• If a public school permits any noncurricular clubs — clubs that aren’t directly related to classes taught in the school — then it must allow students to form a Gay-Straight Alliance or other LGBTQ-themed clubs, and the school can’t treat it differently from other noncurricular clubs.
• Students’ transgender status and gender assigned at birth are confidential information protected by federal privacy law. If your school reveals that information to anyone without your permission, it could be violating federal law. If you don’t want school officials revealing your private information to others, including your legal name, tell them very clearly that you want your information kept private and that they should not disclose that information to anyone without your consent.
• Some states and cities explicitly protect the right of transgender students to use restrooms and locker rooms consistent with their gender identity. Additionally, several courts have ruled that excluding transgender boys and girls from using the same restrooms as other boys and girls violates federal education law.  This is an area of the law that is changing a great deal right now. We recommend that you contact the ACLU if you have any questions about your rights at school.

The rights of pregnant students

• Public schools and all schools that get federal funds are prohibited from excluding pregnant or parenting students from school, classes, or extracurricular activities, or pressuring them to drop out or change schools.
• These schools must provide pregnant students the same accommodations that students with other temporary medical conditions are given, including the ability to make up missed classwork, attend doctor’s appointments, take time off for childbirth and recovery, and learn in a safe, nonjudgmental environment.
• These schools are not allowed to punish a student who chooses to terminate a pregnancy or reveal a student’s private medical information.

Additional resources:

LGBTQ Youth & Schools Resource Library

Other Know Your Rights Issues

What Are Students’ Constitutional Rights?

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Early U.S. educational philosophers linked the provision of common schools to the production of a healthy, well-informed citizenry. Although civics has lately taken a back seat to reading, math, and testing regimes, most parents probably share that goal today.

But it would likely come as a surprise to many of them to learn that enrolling their children in schools also means putting them in a place that’s legally permitted to curtail some of their children’s constitutional rights.

“Constitutional rights assume particular contours within the nation’s schools that are different than when minors are in the public park across from schools,” said Justin Driver, whose recent book, The Schoolhouse Gate , analyzes the complicated history of U.S. Supreme Court rulings on student rights.

1st Amendment: Free Speech

This is the amendment everyone remembers. But it wasn’t until 1969, in the famous Tinker v. Des Moines ruling, that the Supreme Court recognized that it also applies to schools. The court said students could engage in political speech at school by wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.

However, other Supreme Court rulings have constrained students’ speech. Administrators have some leeway to censor student-newspaper articles, for example. And students can be restricted on speech that’s considered vulgar or lewd, promotes drug use, causes a “material and substantial disruption” to school, or infringes on another student’s rights. The last two pieces remain especially fuzzy, especially in this day and age of social media.

4th Amendment: Search & Seizure

The government and the police generally can’t search homes or belongings unless they have a warrant or “probable cause” that someone committed a crime. But the Supreme Court has ruled that students don’t get the same level of protection.

School officials generally only need to have a “reasonable suspicion” to search students’ belongings or their person, and it’s not always clear where a search suddenly moves from permissible to intrusive.

The court also ruled that it’s OK to require students to take a random drug test, even if there’s no evidence that they are using drugs.

5th Amendment: Self-Incrimination

Do students have the right to “plead the Fifth” when being questioned at school by law-enforcement officials? In light of recent concerns about the racial impact of student discipline and safety policies, it’s an increasingly pressing question.

In 2011, the Supreme Court found that the Fifth Amendment rights of a 13-year-old student interrogated by a police officer at school were violated because he wasn’t warned of his right to remain silent. But the court didn’t clarify whether this applied to all minors, or whether school resource officers must also read students their rights.

8th Amendment: Cruel & Unusual Punishment

The U.S. military outlawed corporal punishment in 1862, and all states had ended it as a judge-ordered punishment by the early 1970s. But it’s still permissible to hit students in more than a dozen states.

The Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld paddling.

14th Amendment: Due Process

When students land in hot water, they don’t get the same procedural protections as adult citizens do. Typically, they only receive minimal due-process rights. They need only be told what they did wrong and given a chance to respond; they do not need to be given anything in writing before being punished.

A version of this article appeared in the May 08, 2019 edition of Education Week as Constitution Has Limited Reach in Schools

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Rights and Responsibilities

In order to enjoy ou

Guiding Questions

• What is a right?
• What is a responsibility?
• What responsibilities are natural byproducts of the rights we enjoy?
• How does exercising our rights and fulfilling our responsibilities help to promote the common good for all?
• Students will differentiate rights from responsibilities.
• Students will analyze the relationship between rights and responsibilities.
• Students will explain how rights and responsibilities are related to the common good.

Expand Materials Materials

Educator Resources

• Handout A and B Answer Keys
• Rights and Responsibilities Slips

Student Handouts

• Rights and Responsibilities Essay

Handout A: How Does the Constitution Protect Liberty?

• Handout B: Excerpts from Federalist No. 10, 51, 55, and 57
• U.S. Constitution

Expand Key Terms Key Terms

• responsibilities
• common good

Expand Prework Prework

Have students read Rights and Responsibilities Essay for homework. (20 minutes)

Prior to class time, print and cut apart the Rights and Responsibilities Slips .

Students will need copies of the U.S. Constitution .

Expand Warmup Warmup

Ask the class, What is a right? What is a responsibility?

After students briefly discuss these questions, give each student one or more of the Rights and Responsibilities Slips . Students work in pairs or small groups to help one another decide which category each slip belongs in: Rights or Responsibilities.

After students have worked on the task for a few minutes, ask the class if there were any items that were difficult to classify and why. Designate a container for Rights on one side of the room and another container for Responsibilities on the other. Have students get up from their desks to place each of their slips of paper in the container they have chosen. Ultimately the person who received each slip has the final authority to decide where it goes.

Expand Activities Activities

Work with the class as a whole to develop a list of rights protected by the U.S. Constitution. Students skim Amendments 1 – 8 of the Bill of Rights. Make a class list of all the rights listed. Discuss how Amendments 9 and 10 apply to the idea of rights. Have one group of students quickly skim Amendments 11- 27, and contribute to the class list of rights. Have another group quickly skim Articles 1 – 7 of the U.S. Constitution to find individual rights, and add to the list of rights.

Have students work in small groups to read Handout A: How Does the Constitution Protect Liberty? , and to discuss the questions at the end of the handout. Invite groups to share their responses to the Comprehension and Critical Thinking Questions.

In whole-class discussion, pick several rights. Ask what action would be required of citizens to exercise that right responsibly. For example, students should naturally discuss voting. Ask whether that is a right or responsibility, and discuss how to participate in the act of voting responsibly. Examples might be keeping up with current events and learning about a candidate’s positions and actions with respect to public affairs and current issues. Free speech: What responsibilities are implied when you wish to exercise your freedom of speech? Examples might be listening respectfully to others and protecting the right to free speech for those who hold unpopular opinions. Continue as time permits with other rights/responsibilities that students may suggest. Conclude by asking, What characteristics of citizens are necessary for republican self-government to be just and to promote the common good?

Have students work in small groups to read Handout B, Excerpts of Federalist Papers No. 10, 51, 55, and 57 , regarding responsibilities of republican government. Discuss the questions provided.

Expand Wrap Up Wrap Up

Develop a classroom definition of “common good” that most can agree upon.

According to Dictionary.com, Common good is “the advantage or benefit of all people in society or in a group.”

Ask, How are rights and responsibilities related to the common good? When we insist upon, and exercise, our inalienable rights, to whom are we responsible? How can exercising our liberties benefit the common good?

Expand Homework Homework

Write a 2-3 paragraph response: How can you be a good citizen and contribute to the common good while exercising your rights and fulfilling your responsibilities? Give concrete examples.

Expand Extensions Extensions

Go back to your original sorting sheet where you divided rights and responsibilities into categories. Which items are both? Is the sorting more or less difficult after this lesson?

Handout B: Excerpts from Federalist No 10, 51, 55, and 57

Next Lesson

Diversity as an American Value

Related resources.

The Constitution

The Constitution was written in the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by delegates from 12 states, in order to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new form of government. It created a federal system with a national government composed of 3 separated powers, and included both reserved and concurrent powers of states.

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College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

You are here, student rights and responsibilities.

The College's mission is to prepare all students to be knowledgeable citizens of the twenty-first century and empower them to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. This can only occur in an environment that contributes to scholarship and to creative work.

Students have the right to a classroom environment that encourages learning. As a part of a community of learners, students and instructors should work together to create an environment of trust and mutual respect.

Student rights

All students at the University of Iowa have the following rights:

• Students have the right of equal treatment from all instructors and staff at the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS). Differences in treatment are prohibited when based on race, creed, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, pregnancy (including childbirth and related conditions), disability, genetic information, status as a U.S. veteran, service in the U.S. military, sexual orientation, gender identity, or  associational preferences, see the University’s Policy Manual, Part II, Chapter 3: Human Rights .
• Students have the right to expect certain practices of their instructors. Faculty members have the responsibility for creating in their classroom or laboratory a climate that encourages students' endeavors to learn. University’s Policy Manual, Part III, Chapter 15: Professional Ethics and Academic Responsibility
• Students have the right to file complaints. When complaints regarding a CLAS course or instructor emerge, they should be initiated at the faculty or departmental level first. If a complaint cannot be resolved at the departmental level, the student may contact CLAS Undergraduate Programs (319-335-2633, [email protected] ) to discuss their concerns. The College typically reviews formal complaints only for the current or previous semester. If the student's complaint is not resolved at the collegiate level, students may file a formal complaint utilizing the procedure specified in the University Policy Manual III-29.7 . Additional information regarding Student Complaints Concerning Actions of Faculty Members may be found on the Dean of Students website at  https://dos.uiowa.edu/policies/student-complaints-concerning-faculty-action .

If you are a student who has a concern about unwelcomed sexual behavior or sexual harassment , disregard the steps outlined below and immediately schedule an appointment with the Title IX and Gender Equity unit in the Office of Institutional Equity or with any University administrative officer (non-confidential resources), or with one of the following confidential resources: Office of the Ombudsperson , University Counseling Service , Women’s Resource and Action Center (WRAC) , or the Rape Victim Advocacy Program (RVAP) to discuss your concerns and identify possible courses of action. Report a problem.

Students with complaints about discrimination also may contact the Office of Institutional Equity see Report a problem.

Students with complaints about disability accommodation should notify Student Disability Services in addition to the offices listed above, and may be counseled to file a complaint with the Office of Institutional Equity , see Report a problem.

If you have a complaint about any other aspect of a CLAS course, such as the classroom environment, the instructor, the course’s grading system, or class activities (including online and out-of-class activities), please take the following steps:

• Talk with your instructor about the situation.
• If you do not feel comfortable approaching the instructor directly or if the problem continues, you should next talk to the course supervisor (if one exists).
• Again, if the problem is not resolved or if you are not comfortable talking to the course supervisor, talk immediately to the department’s DEO (Departmental Executive Officer, also referred to as the department chair).
• If this does not resolve the situation, you may make an appointment to talk with a staff member to discuss the complaint and the CLAS formal appeal process in CLAS Undergraduate Programs, 319-335-2633, [email protected] .
• The student may then write a formal letter of appeal to the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education, which should outline the situation as well as the student's attempts to resolve the issue. Please provide copies of appropriate materials to support your complaint. Students with grading grievances are responsible for providing completed assignments, tests, quizzes, and all other documentation, except for grade records. (Departments keep all grade records; grades cannot be changed without the permission of the department concerned.) The letter should be sent from the student's UI email account to [email protected] .
• In attempting to resolve your complaint, the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education may convene a special committee to recommend appropriate action. The Associate Dean will notify you of the outcome of your complaint via University e-mail.
• Any CLAS student, after receiving a decision about a complaint from the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education, may appeal this decision through the Office of the Associate Provost for Undergraduate Education.

Students also may wish to speak with the University Ombudsperson . The Ombudsperson is a specially trained University official who provides informal conflict resolution services for all members of the university community. All meetings are informal and confidential.

Student responsibilities

• All students are expected to abide by the UI Code of Student Life and by the CLAS Code of Academic Honesty .
• All students are expected to be engaged during class time . Students who sleep in class or read non-class materials during class disrupt the course, as do students who engage in other non-class activities such as using a cell phone and working on an assignment for another course. This behavior disrupts the learning environment for all involved and compromises the learning process.
• The use of abusive or disrespectful language also damages the classroom environment. Inappropriate classroom behavior by students is a violation of the Code of Student Life . Instructors may take immediate disciplinary action against students who are physically or verbally disruptive in a class, or they may refer the matter to the Dean of Students.
• Students are responsible for seeking help from University faculty and staff and for using the provided resources to meet the requirements of their major(s) and minor(s). All students should meet with an academic advisor at least once per semester to discuss the progress they are making toward their chosen degree.
• Students are responsible for making sure that they will complete their degree requirements . This includes meeting both academic and administrative requirements set by the major and outlined in this manual. Faculty and other professionals will make every effort to guide you toward completion of all requirements, but the ultimate responsibility for satisfying these requirements is yours. You are responsible for being aware of the requirements, for meeting with your advisor to discuss your progress on a regular basis, and for asking questions about information that is not clear to you.
• Students are responsible for familiarizing themselves with the information in the academic handbook . Failure to read this handbook will not excuse you from the responsibility to abide by the rules and procedures contained within it. If you would like to file an exception to any College rule or procedure, you must submit a petition CLAS Undergraduate Programs . Exceptions may be approved or denied.

Student Bill of Rights

The Student Bill of Rights was written to help students address their rights and freedoms which they feel are not being acknowledged by the public educational system. This bill of rights has been written, edited, reviewed, and perfected by students and youth rights activists. The authors of this document have made a substantial effort to encompass all of the issues and concerns of today’s student through continual review and reconstruction.

We, the students and authors of this document, solemnly believe that students deserve respect, deserve equality, and deserve rights. Rights are the minimum standard by which people and institutions relate to one another, and without that standard, people often fall victim to abuse, discrimination and mistreatment at the hands of the powerful. As a reflection of society, schools are not a refuge from this sad situation, but all too often a magnified reflection of it. Students, as with all people, deserve and require rights to protect themselves from those who would abuse their freedom and equality. To this end, this document was created to protect, expand, and teach others about these rights. It is not from a disrespect for education these rights were drafted, but rather from an honest embrace. Learning is best done in an environment of mutual respect, free minds, and equality. Schools must be incubators of democracy, not bastions from it. It is for these reasons that we support and embrace the Student Bill of Rights.

The Right to Freedom of Existence and Belief

• All students in all schools are to have the undeniable right to the freedom of existence and belief in every imaginable area including, but not limited to, sexual orientation, political, moral, and spiritual beliefs, and the freedom to express such beliefs without fear or influence from our schools, as long as no one’s property or person is physically damaged or violated by said beliefs.

The Right to Freedom of Expression

• All students in all schools have the right to wear any clothing they want, when they want, how they want, without codes of appearance hindering their free expression. Clothes should not materially, substantively, and/or directly disrupt the educational process (to be judged by students and adults).
• All students in all schools have the right to freedom of speech, freedom of press, and freedom to organize protests or petitions of grievances to any employee in the educational system, which includes the school, district, state, or federal staff, and all elected, appointed, official or unofficial leadership.

The Right to Self-Control, Self-Management, and Self-Leadership

• All students in all schools have the right to choose what classes he or she wishes to participate in, without pressure from parents, teachers, guidance, and administration.
• All students have the right to be certified in their skills and educations, regardless of arbitrary requirements imposed by school administrators, the government, or parents. To fulfill this, certificates of completion and class transcripts individual to a given course should be awarded by schools for each course they teach. Students have the right to choose which form of diploma they may pursue, be it individual class, vocational or career-specific, college preparatory, or state awarded. From this follows that students have the right for their certificates of academic preparation to be equally evaluated by any future school, college, or university to which they may apply; and students who choose to pursue diplomas other than a standard high school diploma have the right to have their individual courses evaluated as a measure of their academic achievement.
• All students in all schools have the right of choice to participate or not participate in Parent-Principal-Teacher conferences, to be determined solely by the student affected.
• All students in all schools have the right to deny self-incrimination. No student can be forced, under threat of punishment or otherwise, into signing any documents that state that they confess to having done something against school policy.
• All students in all schools have the right to refuse assistance in school, specifically help in the form of special education curriculum and instruction, medication, or psychiatric help. No public school may expel a student who refuses these or other services. A student may also reserve the right to petition the school for these services if he or she feels that they would help in some way.
• All students in all schools have the right to view on their own accord their school records and to request a copy of the specified documents.
• No school policies, such as zero tolerance, can punish a student for having an educational tool, such as scissors or a compass, or a medication that is useful or needed. If a faculty member thinks a questionable object is unfit for school it can be confiscated (as long as it is returned in a timely manner) without punishment, but no one can deny a student a needed medication. If a student is found with a medication considered unfit to be on their person, a faculty member may take them to the nurse’s office, but cannot personally confiscate it.
• All students in all schools have the right to refuse education on a given day or altogether if they so choose. Laws inhibiting this act are unconstitutional by the Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibiting involuntary servitude.
• No school may have a policy requiring a student to complete community service requirements in order to graduate. Any policy doing so violates the Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibiting involuntary servitude.

The Right to Physical Safety and Support

• All students in all schools have the right to be free from harassment, assault, or bullying.
• All students in all schools have the right to be free from all forms of “corporal punishment,” including but not limited to “paddling,” i.e., beating the student’s buttocks with a wooden board. It is, further, not enough to offer coercive choices to keep corporal punishment as “an option.” The schools, just as workplaces, need to be entirely free from all forms of corporal punishment and the sexualized and sadistic hostile environment they impart to all students and staff.
• All students in all schools are entitled to immediate medical care if needed. The nurse’s office shall not refuse any student who expresses that they feel that they might vomit, have a seizure, become unconscious, or any other function that may lead them to be a danger to themselves and other students in the classroom setting. Anyone who needs medical care is to be first priority.
• All students in all schools have the right to use the restroom facilities as needed.
• All students in all schools who are the victims of harassment, physical, sexual, or otherwise, assault, or bullying, both verbal and physical, have the right to have their grievances dealt with in a proper manner, including an investigation into said incident, and proper punishment of the culprit, and detriment of any act of vengeance. This includes harassment, assault, and bullying by teachers, staff, deans, guidance counselors, head principals, and vice principals. No student is required to go to a specific person to report such incidences. Furthermore, any staff member who witnesses such acts is obligated to report them. Any student or staff member who reports such incidences has the right to confidentiality.
• All students in all schools who are attacked by another have the right to fight back in self-defense and not be punished, so long as deadly force is not used. If a student who fought in self-defense does receive punishment, they reserve the right to acquire counsel and file a lawsuit against the school. This right extends to student vs staff confrontations.

The Right to Separation of School, Home, and Community

• All students in all schools have the right to organize, promote and participate in organizations of their choice on or off of school property, so long as they are law abiding.
• All students in all schools have the rights to seek sponsorships for their organizations from outside sources such as private businesses, church groups, and community centers. This right extends to sports teams, clubs organizations, and to music and art departments. This is to ensure that students are able to enjoy activities of their choice without having to worry about funding being cut partially or completely from the school’s budget.
• All students in all schools have the right to refuse to participate in any scholastic activity that requires communication in any form about family finances, home life, and/or the occupation of the students parents.
• All students in all schools have the right to refuse to have their picture taken, whether for academic or yearbook purposes.
• All students in all schools have the right to the separation of authority between home and school. Unless the school has strong suspicion of abuse (sexual, physical, and/or psychological), neglect, and/or endangerment, they may not question a student about his or her home life. If the school has evidence of abuse, they are to report it immediately to the authorities.

The Right to Privacy

• All students in all schools have the right to refuse drug testing unless there is a court ordered warrant for it. Refusal to take a drug test is not to be considered sufficient reason for a warrant.
• All students have the right to refuse searches of their person and personal belongings such as purses, book bags, and lockers unless there is a court ordered warrant for it. Refusal to allow a search is not to be considered sufficient reason for a warrant. Furthermore, all students have the right to have a purse or bookbag in their possession, and also the right to the temporary ownership of any available locker.
• All students have the right to have their sexual orientation or other sensitive information kept from their parents or guardians until the student tells them him/herself, unless that information violates laws, such as drug abuse.

The Right to Fair, Equitable, Adequate, and Appropriate Learning

• All students in all schools have the right to be provided an adequate and well balanced education regarding the topics of drugs, alcohol, and human sexuality. Students and only the students are to decide whether they want to learn these topics. A parent may not withhold their child’s education if the student is willing and wants to learn. Likewise a parent cannot force their child if the student does not want to learn, and nor can the school, unless it is considered necessary for a degree in a particular subject.
• All students in all schools have the right to an uninterrupted education. No school will refuse to enroll a student or deny a student their education because of their living arrangements or home situation. A parent may not unenroll their child from school if the student wants to continue to attend. No law shall be passed or enforced that directly or indirectly denies a student their right to an education.
• All students in all schools have the right to a quality education that covers the disciplines, including music and the arts, and is fair and balanced. Teachers have the right to teach and cover more material than what the school administration has prescribed, so long as it is within the limits of the law and all the required material is covered.

The Right to Democratic Participation

• All students in all schools have the right and responsibility for being involved in educational decision-making at all levels, including decision-making affecting them personally, in their classrooms, local schools, and at the district, state, and federal levels.
• All students in all schools have the right to be led by the moral and political leadership of their peers while at school. No adult may directly or indirectly impede or influence the activities of a student governing body.
• All students in all schools have the right to express their concerns and complaints regarding a teacher’s or staff member’s performance, and have their opinions taken into consideration.
• All students in all schools have the right to participate throughout their school and the education system. This includes the right to representation, participation, and meaningful involvement as education planners, evaluators, teachers, researchers, advocates, and as community organizers focusing on education.
• All students in all schools have the right to full participation in all forms of formalized education decision-making, including committees, site councils, school boards, and other venues. Students must be allowed, encouraged, and able to full participation, including voting in school boards, budget referendums, and other activities, and in all areas of education, including budgets, personnel, and curricula.
• All students in all schools have the right to student-led courts. These courts have the right to privacy and effectiveness, and no adult may directly or indirectly impede or influence their ability, authority, and sustainability without permission of the student governing body.

The Right to Participate in any School Sponsored Activities

• All students have the right to participate in any school sponsored activity.
• No school may deny any student the right to participate in any sport based on their grades, performance in said sport, or membership in any student based group.
• No school may deny any student the right to participate in any sport on the basis of gender if the sport is not offered for both males and females.
• No school may deny any student participation in school athletics if they are involved in a community athletics team.

The Right to Access

• All students in all schools have the right to knowledge about this document and the values, perspectives, and knowledge contained herein. No school has the right to keep a student ignorant about his or her freedoms within this document, or any other document that contains information such as rules or rights the student has. No employee of a school may lie to a student about his/her rights, or anything contained in these documents.

This Student Bill of Rights is a collaborative effort of the Student Rights Task Force. This Task Force is sponsored by National Youth Rights Association in conjunction with Students for a Sensible Drug Policy , the Freechild Project , and Oblivion.net .

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Student Rights and Responsibilities. A Legal-Educational Bibliography

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•    14 Complete List of Students Rights in School

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14 complete list of students rights in school.

• Chloe Daniel
• Published On: September 09 ,2021

Students are the future of one’s country. Back to history, if you look for the main ingredient of a country’s prosperity or progress, you will get to know that they invested in their educational hubs. It shows that successful countries have worked on the student’s rights in school and responsibilities. Millions of students go to their institutions daily to seek knowledge, but at the end of the day, it is the quality that matters, not the quantity. And to grow a qualitative quantity of students, all institutions should acknowledge their students about their legal rights and how they can use them for a better future. For the growth of leaders, it is the responsibility of institutions and parents to educate their children about what rights students have in school so that they always get treated fairly.

List of Students Rights in School

Here is a complete list of 14 students rights in school that every one of us needs to know:

1. Freedom of Speech

The first right that each student should have inside or outside an institution is the right and freedom to speak or express their feelings and ideas without fear of being judged or humiliated. Students should be allowed to give their opinion on any minor or major matters. If they give any wrong answer or feedback, it’s the teacher’s responsibility to correct them kindly, and this is how a great journalist is made. The schools should teach the art of speaking on the right or justice. And the schools or teachers who silence their students by letting them down or threatening should be held accountable. Speaking out is the right of each student, and they should be free to give their feedback, either good or bad, about the school without any fear or suppression.

2. Freedom of choice

All individuals have different choices, mindsets, and abilities to learn and understand things. Considering this fact, all students should have freedom of choice, choosing the subjects, career, sports, hobbies and other activities of their interests. Of course, kids do not know what is right or wrong, so it is the responsibility of teachers to focus on student’s interests and then help them choose the appropriate path. In other words, the students should not be forced to study a particular subject, play a sport or be a part of any activity without their consent or interest. Because the more students will be free in making their choices, the more they will grow into mentally healthy and self-confident beings.

3. Rights of safety and wellbeing

Schools are the kid’s second home, and homes are supposed to be safe places to breathe in. So is the case with a school environment. It is the right of each student to feel safe and secure mentally, physically, and by all other means. For the past few years, the suicide ratio is increasing gradually among teen students because they fail to win the  fight against depression . Schools’ atmosphere and the teacher’s behavior play an active role in keeping students’ mental health fit. Moreover, students should be free to express themselves if they feel unsafe from their teachers, fellow mates, other staff, or anything within the school locality. Furthermore, it’s also the right of a student to take care of other fellow’s rights and safety and respect their opinions.

4. Dress codes

Most schools have their uniform, so they do not face dress differences problems, and it may not violate the school’s discipline. Having a uniform is a great idea, but sometimes the school-specific dress code does not match some student’s religious or cultural beliefs. Even with designed dress codes, students should have a right to choose the dress that does not disrupt their religious symbol, and they feel comfortable during school hours. It is the responsibility of schools to take care of student’s dress code legal rights. All students, whether boys or girls, should be aware of this right, and if their school punishes or bullies them on their natural color or hairstyle, or religious dressing, they should speak up or take a stand for it.

5. The right of learning

It is the right of each child to learn and go to school. And if laws and policies of any area stop them from availing the school learning opportunity, the adults should fight for their rights. All students should know that it is their right to go to school and gain knowledge. And the students with minor or major disabilities should also know about their right to learning. Furthermore, teachers and the school management should work on this right to ensure their better future.

6. Institutional Agency

Being a part of an institutional agency and what decisions or changes they are making is the right of all the students. As they should be the part of such discussions and their opinion must be considered. Instead of experimenting with the students’ changes or new decisions, students should contribute to big or small decisions. It is a fundamental right of each student because they are the change-makers and the future.

7. Rights of immigrant

Often parents do not send their kids to schools because of no proper documentation or immigrant status. But it is the legal right of each student to study, no matter from which race, color, religion, or culture they belong. A kid with no documentation has a right to study in public schools. In short, no student can be turned back from school based on discrimination, as getting a quality education is the basic right of each student.

8. Information and Privacy Rights

Students and their family information and data are required to get admission, and secrecy of their information is one of the main student rights in school. It is a two-way street because such details of students help the teachers or instructor know about the student’s background, home environment, and other needs. But it is the legal right of each student that their credentials or any other detail be kept confidential by the school. And if any student feels the privacy abuse or intrusions, they can speak up on their information and privacy rights.

9. Employability

The worldly purpose of going to school is gaining enough qualifications or skills to make a living later. In other words, you can say that the schools prepare for a job. And doing a part-time job is the right of each student, and it depends on their choice too, whether they want to do a job or not. That is another case. Note that if any institute stops from doing a job, tell them it is you and each student right in school. And even after finishing school, you have to support your family and yourself.

10. Disability rights

Even after  teaching  the best curriculum, some schools fail at teaching moral values. They deny the basic rights of students with disabilities, and such a discriminative atmosphere of schools does not let special students participate in extracurricular activities, school technology or trips, academic courses or social clubs, and other services. Such school systems grow the kids with bullying and discriminative mindsets. It is the fundamental right of each individual to get the same access to academic tasks. And there is no excuse to be unkind. Moreover, to grow into a kind and sensible adult is the right of each student or kid.

11. Freedom of civic participation

Joining the civil services and being a part of any change bringing community is the right of each student. And the freedom of civic participation should be given to all students. No school can take away this freedom from their students just because of community or service differences. Students have a right to improve the world they live in, and they should not have to wait for their graduation to bring positive changes in their society or community.

12. Fair assessment rights

Some students lack in making notes, while some fail to speak their minds in verbal tests, although both have the knowledge or know the answers. The teachers or instructors should focus on their students and understand how they can prove themselves and take their assessments that way. It is the fundamental right of each student to give and take fair assessments to demonstrate their knowledge. And the right to fair assessment should be on the list of student’s rights.

13. Technology and Digital tools

Everyone has access to smartphones and the internet nowadays, but some schools are still not using technology. Instead of having only access to social media, it is the right of each student to learn about technology and how to use innovative digital tools and acquire knowledge from them. Professional teachers and school management have the responsibility to provide tech knowledge to their students.

14. Student’s LGBT rights

The full form of LGBT is lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. And all schools should add these rights to the list of their legal rights and acknowledge everyone about it because LGBT students have an absolute right to express their gender or use the pronoun that matches their identity. They should be given all the rights and allowed to join the class or any school activity with their gender. Teachers and other students should be advised strictly not to discourage or call them by names because of their gender difference.

Rules and Responsibility

Along with a list of student’s rights in school, each student has a  set of responsibilities  too. The very first responsibility of each student is not to violate the rules of schools and play an active, obedient, participating, and responsible role. Moreover, all the above rights come with a huge responsibility. Every student must speak up if they are being treated wrong or if anybody is making inappropriate rights.

Concluding remark

Awareness of rights makes things quite easy, and here we are wrapping up the list of student rights in school. If you are a student or know someone who questions ‘what are my rights in school?’, then make sure to pass this blog to them because it’s the responsibility of all of us to educate others of their rights. As Nelson Mandela said, “Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world.” And to get this weapon, make sure to use your rights, rightly!

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12.3: What are students' rights and responsibilities?

• Last updated
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• Page ID 86309

• Jennfer Kidd, Jamie Kaufman, Peter Baker, Patrick O'Shea, Dwight Allen, & Old Dominion U students
• Old Dominion University

by Alec Bauserman

"The vigilant protection of constitutional freedoms is nowhere more vital than in the community of American schools." Shelton v. Tucker, 364 U.S. 479 (1960)

Lawsuits have become increasingly common in our society and many Americans act and speak out of the fear of being taken to court. In any environment, one must be conscious of how their words and actions will affect others. A thoughtless statement or inappropriate physical contact might land you in court. This is especially true in schools, where daily contact, high emotions and stressful circumstances can all come together at the wrong moment. As such, it is good to understand the rights of students trying to express themselves and the rights of teachers trying to keep a safe, orderly learning environment. Few people know their constitutional rights, and even fewer teachers & students know how their constitutional rights change once they enter the ‘semi-public/semi-private” classroom.

This paper will examine some of the rights guaranteed to all Americans and how those rights change once they enter school. It will also seek to answer some of the most common questions held by students. What is free speech? Is it protected in school? How safe am I in my possessions? Do I have any expectation of privacy when it comes to my things? A good understanding of students’ rights benefits everyone: the students who exercise them, the teachers who challenge them, and the democratic society which lives by them.

Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Supreme Court of the United States of America. (Public Domain, Jeff Kubina, Wikimedia )

Learning Objectives

• identify and understand the basic philosophy of the courts when determining the extent of student’s rights
• recognize similarities and differences between Constitutional rights held in school and life out side it.
• recognize the major court case which set the groundwork for all future Supreme Court cases involving student’s rights
• make informed decisions in real-life situations based on the knowledge presented here
• inform colleagues and students of the information contained in this article

Students Rights

The founding fathers deliberated for days on end when writing the first draft of our nation’s Constitution and later the Bill of Rights. They agonized over wording; argued over semantics. It is likely they had no idea just how successful this “great experiment in democracy” would turn out to be. Equally likely is this: they never once considered how these rights would pertain to young students in the classroom. The landmark case of Tinker v. Des Moines School District clearly defined the benchmark for how rights may be exercised and when they may be curtailed:

“It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.

… On the other hand, the Court has repeatedly emphasized the need for affirming the comprehensive authority of the States and of school officials, consistent with fundamental constitutional safeguards, to prescribe and control conduct in the schools.

... Our problem lies in the area where students in the exercise of [their] rights collide with the rules of the school authorities."

In other words, one doesn’t surrender his or her constitutional rights by attending school. However the courts have recognized that the unique nature of the school environment requires that certain liberties be suppressed in the interest of maintaining a safe, orderly learning environment. According to the doctrine of “in loco parentis” school officials are more than government officials; they are, in a legal sense, the temporary parents of their students. Just what exactly that allows them to do and say is a matter of debate and has led to numerous legal challenges, many involving the Supreme Court. This paper will examine some of those court decisions and explore their impact on student’s rights.

Summary - The balancing act between the free expression of rights and the desire to maintain order in school serves as a good example of the struggle faced by our democratic society.

The 1st Amendment

Freedom of Speech, Expression & Religion

Perhaps the most quoted court decision on the subject, Tinker v. Des Moines was a battle over students’ 1st amendment rights, specifically the right to free speech. High school students John Tinker, 15, and Christopher Eckhardt, 16, decided to show their opposition to the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school. Administrators countered by banning armbands and threatened disciplinary actions for any students violating the rule. Tinker and Eckhardt wore their armbands and were suspended, not allowed back until they agreed to stop violating school rules. Tinker’s father subsequently sued and lost in District Court. The Appellate Court was unable to reach a decision and the case was passed up to the Supreme Court, who overturned the District Court’s decision and ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. The court stated that if the student’s actions did not disrupt the learning environment, or advocate or cause harm to themselves or others, it was permissible. This has been the rationale in virtually every other opinion held by the court regarding student’s constitutional rights.

While a student’s right to free speech is protected, it is not a blanket protection covering any form of protest. A recent example of this is Morse v. Frederick , also known as the “Bong Hits 4 Jesus” case. This case is particularly eye-opening in that the offense occurred off school grounds. Frederick, a high school student, displayed a banner at a local parade featuring the phrase “Bong Hits 4 Jesus,” a reference to marijuana use. Morse, a school official, noticed the banner and instructed the student to take it down. When Frederick refused, he was suspended by Morse and the decision was upheld by the school board. Frederick sued, claiming protection under his 1st amendment rights. This time the Supreme Court sided with the school board, noting “ … schools may take steps to safeguard those entrusted to their care from speech that can reasonably be regarded as encouraging illegal drug use, [therefore] the school officials in this case did not violate the First Amendment…” This fits with the consistent message of the courts – a student’s Constitutional rights will be protected only as long as their exercise does not endanger the health or academic progress of others.

Other cases regarding the Rights of Free Speech & Expression:

West Virginia v. Barnette , 1943 – The court ruled that is unconstitutional to require students to salute the American flag. The 1st amendment not only protects freedom "of" expression but also freedom "from" expression.

Bethel School District v. Fraser , 1986 - Washington high school student Matthew Fraser was suspended for using sexually explicit language in a speech given on school grounds. The court sided with the school, affirming that schools can prohibit “lewd, indecent or plainly offensive” language.

Guiles v. Marineau , 2004 – A 14- year old student in Vermont was suspended for repeatedly wearing a T-shirt depicting President George W Bush as an alcoholic and a cocaine addict. The shirt contained both written and visual depictions of banned substances. The court sided with the student, citing two factors: 1) the shirt did not advocate the use of illegal drugs and 2) the shirt did not cause significant disruptions to the learning environment.

Summary – A student’s exercise of speech or expression is legal and constitutionally protected so long as it doesn’t:

• endanger the public
• disrupt the learning environment
• advocate the use of illegal substances or other violations of the law

4th Amendment

Unreasonable Search & Seizure

The student’s desire for freedom of speech can only be matched by their desire for privacy and for security of their possessions. The right of school officials to search a student’s belongings is a contentious issue, and few teachers know the limits of their authority and few students understand the extent of their rights. Just as Tinker v. Des Moines set the standard for the protection of 1st Amendment rights, so did another case set the precedent for search & seizure: New Jersey v. T. L. O. , 469 U.S. 325 (1985).

Two female high school students were caught smoking in the restroom and assistant principal Theodore Choplick confronted them. One of the two admitted her wrongdoing but the other student (T.L.O.) denied it. Choplick searched T.L.O.’s purse and discovered cigarettes, drugs and drug paraphernalia, along with a large amount of money. T.L.O. was tried and convicted in court on charges of delinquency. The student countered that the school had violated her 4th amendment rights, depriving her of protection against unreasonable search and seizure (i.e. searching without a warrant) and the evidence should be inadmissible. The Supreme Court disagreed, stating: “a school official may properly conduct a search of a student's person if the official has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has been or is in the process of being committed, or reasonable cause to believe that the search is necessary to maintain school discipline or enforce school policies."

This is a departure from the court’s usual position requiring “probable cause” for government officials to search someone without a warrant. This change, although appearing slight, has enormous ramifications. School officials may search someone based solely upon a well-grounded suspicion, not iron-clad evidence of wrongdoing. This is analogous to the difference between “reasonable doubt” and “beyond a shadow of a doubt.” This threshold however applies only to school personnel and NOT to law enforcement officials on school grounds. The court has been careful not to slide down that slippery slope. In the court’s decision, they state that a teacher’s right to protect him- or herself and the safety of their students is on par with the rights of firefighters, EMS, OSHA officials, etc. The right to privacy must be balanced against the publics right to safety. In a school, the balance is tilted toward protecting safety and maintaining order, even if it is at the expense of student rights.

The issue of locker searches has not come to the Supreme Court. As the locker is school property and therefore “public space” it is not afforded the same protections as a student’s personal possessions.

State of Iowa v. Marzel Jones (2003) - A student whose locker was cleaned out by school personnel. Finding a small amount of marijuana, the student was charged. Marzel claimed 4th amendment protection against unreasonable search & seizure but was denied by the State Supreme Court who “noted that the search occurred on school grounds, ‘where the State is responsible for maintaining discipline, health, and safety.’(Bd. of Ed. of Indep. Sch. Dist. 92 v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822)”

Another issue of concern has been the constitutionality of drug screenings for student-athletes.

Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995) – 7th grade Oregon student James Acton signed up to play football but refused to take a mandatory urine test. Drug testing was administered to athletes after a recent ‘explosion’ in drug-use and the related discipline problems which arose. Citing public health concerns and noting the prevalence of student-athletes involved in drug-related incidents, the school board deemed urinalysis a necessary requirement for participation in sports. The Supreme Court agreed and upheld their decision. Once again, the desire to protect public health overrode student’s desire for privacy.

Summary – School personnel may search a student and their belongings if the health & welfare of the public is at risk or they have a ‘reasonable suspicion’ that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed

5th & 14th Amendment

The Right to Due Process

These amendments protect an individual’s right to a fair trial and must be considered whenever “a person's good name, reputation, honor, or integrity is at stake because of what the government is doing to him..." (Wisconsin v. Constantineau, 1971). This includes the enforcement of disciplinary actions such as suspension or expulsion. The expectations of a fair trial are very different however, depending on the circumstances. Disciplinary expulsion is treated differently than an ‘academic dismissal.’ Claire La Roche makes the point by citing Barnard v. Inhabitants of Shelburne: “Misconduct is a very different matter from failure to attain a standard of excellence in studies.... A public hearing may be regarded as helpful to the ascertainment of misconduct and useless or harmful in finding out the truth as to scholarship." (emphasis added)

According to La Roche’s interpretation of the courts, the following are necessary in the expulsion of a student on disciplinary grounds:

• a timely & formal hearing
• a detailed explanation of the charges
• a strict adherence to the schools stated policy
• a ‘punishment that fits the crime’

She goes on: “To ensure fundamental fairness, decisions must be based on the facts and supported by the evidence. Moreover, punishment should be commensurate with the severity of the offense. Consequently, it is important for schools to establish guidelines and be consistent with sanctions.”

This matter has come before the Supreme Court as well, who ruled that the rights of due process vary depending on the reason for expulsion. An academic dismissal does not have the same requirements as the stricter guidelines set down for a disciplinary expulsion. This is illustrated by the case of University of Missouri v. Horowitz (1977). A student was expelled for poor academics and lack of good hygiene after being notified in writing and in person. The student countered with the fact that she had never been given a hearing to dispute the charges. The Supreme Court denied her appeal. As La Roche reiterates, “Ultimately, the Supreme Court of the United States held that procedural due process did not require a formal hearing when the school dismisses a student for academic reasons.”

Summary – students are guaranteed the right to a fair trial and due process, although their rights are dependent upon the nature of their dismissal.

How are college students affected by these decisions?

• "Since 1970, officers on the Seattle campus have regularly patrolled the hallways of dormitories of the University of Washington."
• "[T]he state's Court of Appeals ruled that students have the same right to privacy in dormitory hallways as they do in their rooms."
• "Therefore ... campus police officers lack the legal authority to randomly patrol residence halls."

"Although the closely watched ruling bears on only one state, it reveals the tension between privacy and security in dormitories everywhere. Residence halls are legally complex spaces , where crime often creeps in and where residents, perhaps more than ever, expect administrators and police officers to ensure their safety."

Hoover, Eric. (July, 2008). Police in the Dorms: Student Safety or Privacy Infringement? Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n46 pA15. (link)

Other Miscellaneous Cases

The following are other judgements handed down by the Supreme Court:

- School uniforms and dress codes are intended to stop disruptions to the learning process by banning lewd, obscene or offensive clothing. As such, the courts have ruled them constitutional despite students pleading for “the freedom of expression” and the lesser-known “freedom to see skin.”

- Corporal punishment (physically disciplining a student) barely passed a constitutional challenge in 1977 with a divided court ruling 5-4 that it is neither “cruel and unusual punishment” nor a denial of due process. ( Ingraham v. Wright , 430 U.S. 651)

- The censorship of school newspapers was upheld with the understanding that the school is not a “forum of public expression.” Further, the justices declared that a school “need not tolerate student speech that is inconsistent with its basic educational mission.” ( Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier , 484 U.S. 260 [1988])

The Supreme Court has changed greatly through the years, sometimes leaning left, sometimes right. Throughout it all, it has remained remarkably consistent on the issue of student’s constitutional rights in school. In summary, the opinion held by the court might best be summarized by the following: “An ye harm none, do what ye will.” If a student’s speech or actions do not cause physical, emotional or academic harm to others, they will receive the fullest protection offered by the Constitution. By extending these rights to students, teachers offer them the greatest benefit of our democracy and in doing so, invite them to become full members of society.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

1) Which of these was a landmark case which set the precedent for all Supreme Court decisions regarding student's rights?

• a) Balboa v. Creed
• b) Tinker v. Des Moines
• c) Mothra v. Godzilla
• d) Good v. Evil

2) What is the Latin term referring to teachers status as the 'temporary parents' of their students?

• a) vene vidi vici
• b) in vino veritas
• c) in loco parentis
• d) cogito ergo sum

3) Which of these situations is least likely to be protected under the Constitution by the Supreme Court?

• a) A student wears a T-shirt depicting the principal of the school with the words "This is not a cool person" written underneath
• b) Two students put duct tape over their mouth to protest the unfair treatment of homosexuals
• c) A group of FFA members release two dozen cows into the hallway during class change
• d) An athlete turns his back to the flag during the singing of the national anthem

4) Which of these government employees may search a student based on a 'reasonable suspicion' of criminal activity?

• a) a teacher
• b) a police officer
• c) an FBI agent
• d) all of the above
• Hoover, Eric. (July, 2008). Police in the Dorms: Student Safety or Privacy Infringement? Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n46 pA15.
• La Roche, C. (2005). Student rights associated with disciplinary and academic hearings and sanctions. College Student Journal. Retrieved from FindArticles.com. 23 Sep. 2008. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCR/is_1_39/ai_n13620069
• www.wicca.com/celtic/wicca/rede.htm
• Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986) - LINK
• Guiles v. Marineau, 461 F.3d 320, 324-25 (2d. Cir. 2006) - LINK
• Hazelwood School District et al. v. Kuhlmeier et al., 484 U.S. 260 (1988) - LINK
• Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977) - LINK
• Morse v. Frederick, 127 S. Ct. 2618 (2007) - LINK
• New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985) - LINK
• Shelton v. Tucker, 364 U.S. 479 (1960) - LINK
• State of Iowa vs. Marzel Jones, Appellee 02-505 (2003) - LINK
• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969) - LINK
• University of Missouri v. Horowitz, 435 U.S. 78 (1978) - www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/horowitz.html
• Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995) - LINK
• West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943) - LINK
• Wisconsin v. Constantineau, 400 U.S. 433 (1971) - LINK
• http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_stud.html
• http://legal-explanations.com/definitions/in-loco-parentis.htm - in loco parentis
• www.legis.state.ia.us/lsadocs/Legal_Update/2003/LUKBH000.PDF - locker search

Author Response

Hello! This article was originally going to be written about "Students' Rights & Responsibilities" but I chose to focus solely on the legal aspect for several reasons, but mainly because its so important. Lawsuits are a real possibility and knowing your rights as teachers, and the students rights as well, can only be a good thing. I think the deserves its own article so more information can be presented on the topic. I certainly learned a lot by writing this. The knowledge I gained has made me more confident in what I can and cannot do in my role as a teacher. While the risk of a lawsuit is still there (and very likely always will be) having a good understanding of teacher's and student's rights has made me more relaxed in the hallways where discipline is the number-one concern. I hope you found this article as helpful as I did.

Student Rights/Responsibilities

The Carmel Central School District Board of Education has adopted a Code of Conduct for the entire district that can be obtained at the main office.  The expectations for conduct are based on the principles of civility, citizenship, honesty, integrity and mutual respect. 

At Matthew Paterson Elementary School Our students are expected to exhibit a commitment to learning and to achieving success. We believe that every child has the right to learn without fear in an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect. Students are expected to behave in a manner that reflects respect for teachers, other adults and their fellow students. Although behavior expectations will vary with time, location, and situation, the following three general expectations will always apply:

• Keep Your Hands, Feet, and Other Objects to Yourself
• Show Respect

These three things will be expected at all times and will be instrumental in achieving MPES’s goals of safety and student learning.

Every student is expected to be responsible for his/her own behavior, to exercise self-discipline, and to refrain from behavior which interferes with other students’ right to learn or endangers the health or well-being of others. With respect to resolving conflicts, students are taught to use positive problem solving strategies We have guidelines for appropriate student behavior that reflect the school's philosophy of respect for self and others. These responsibilities apply not only to their academics, but also to their use and care of school facilities, equipment, textbooks and supplies, creating a climate that promotes challenging-learning opportunities and good citizenship. At MPES these concepts are translated into the rights and responsibilities as described below.

Student Rights

• All students have the right to be proud of whom they are.
• All students have the right to be treated with dignity and respect.
• All students have the right to learn without disturbance or distraction.
• All students have the right to be free from teasing, harassment or verbal abuse.
• All students have a right to learn and work in a school climate that has rigorous academic standards
• All students have the right to be informed of school rules and to have such rules and conditions available for review.

Student Responsibilities

Student Responsibilities: Students should be familiar with and abide by all District policies, rules and regulations dealing with student conduct.  Please take time to discuss should discuss the following student responsibilities with your child to reinforce the student’s understanding and encourage his/her ability to follow of responsible conduct.

Students have the responsibility to:

• Be in school and in class on time.
• Show respect to other persons and to school property and the property or others.
• Contribute to a safe and orderly school environment that is conducive to learning.
• Strive and work to the best of their ability.
• Demonstrate respect and tolerance towards diversity.
• Ask questions when they do not understand and seek assistance to resolve difficulties.
• Respond to other persons appropriately and to develop adaptive strategies to control their emotions.
• Think before acting by considering the impact that one’s actions have on self and others.
• Seek help in solving problems.
• Make positive choices and accept the consequences of their actions.

Consequences

CONSEQUENCES for unacceptable actions may vary depending on the severity of the behavior.  Generally, there is a hierarchy of consequences, which includes but is not limited to the following:

• Redirection to appropriate and/or expected behavior.
• Verbal warning.
• After steps #1 and 2, teachers will follow progressive discipline procedures outlined in classroom rules for infractions.  Unsafe behavior warrants immediate referral to the principal.
• A phone call to the parent/guardian.
• Parent conference.
• Loss of privileges such as recess and eating in the cafeteria.
• “Cooling off” time.
• In-school suspension.
• Out of school suspension.
• Recommendation for school support services based upon agreement between the school and family.
• Referral to out of school agencies.

BEHAVIOR EXPECTATIONS

In the following areas of communication, bus behavior, playground behavior, and cafeteria behavior students are expected to demonstrate responsible behaviors at MPES as follows.

Communication

Expectations.

• Utilizing a courteous vocabulary that includes saying please, thank you and excuse me.
• Listening and thinking about what is being said and/or taught. Listening includes looking at the speaker.
• Asking questions when instruction or directions are not understood.
• Listening and following directions the first time they are given.
• Using language and gestures that are appropriate
• Learning to disagree in a controlled manner.
• Adhering to all school rules and expectations when attending school sponsored extracurricular events.

UNACCEPTABLE COMMUNICATION INCLUDES:

• Using profane, discriminatory and/or abusive language or gestures.
• Committing an act of violence such as hitting, punching, kicking and scratching.
• Threatening others with harm and/or with using a weapon.
• Committing acts of destruction that may include using flammable objects or using objects that are not harmful in a destructive manner.
• Being untruthful and lying, this includes making false statements about another person.
• Walk to the bus in a single line and boarding in a safe and careful manner.
• Move over to let another student sit down when space is available
• Find an open seat and using the restraint buckle if one is available.
• Place book bag on the floor.
• Use a quiet, calm, indoor voice and speak only with those who are seated nearby.
• Remain in seat for the entire bus ride to and from school.
• Walk off the bus in an orderly manner.
• Walk in front of the bus where the bus driver can see the student if one needs to cross the street.

  UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR

• Distracting the bus driver.
• Running to and from the bus.
• Pushing others and cutting the bus line.
• Shouting, yelling, and using inappropriate or foul language.
• Eating food, drinking and chewing gum.
• Pushing others from a seat or demanding that they move to another seat.
• Hitting others with one’s book bag or using the book bag in an obtrusive manner.
• Fighting on the bus.
• Playing with the widows, emergency levers or any safety equipment.
• Hitting children with seat belts.
• Throwing objects.
• Tripping others.
• Changing seats while the bus is in motion or being out of one’s seat.
• Opening windows without permission.
• Refusing to sit in a seat assigned by the driver.
• Tampering with emergency equipment and exits.
• Possessing weapons and/or dangerous objects.
• Carrying or igniting flammable items such as matches or lighters.

  CONSEQUENCES FOR INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR

• Drivers will follow progressive discipline procedures, beginning with a verbal warning.
• The bus driver will complete a bus incident conduct report form and forward it to the principal.
• The principal or designee will speak with the student(s) involved.
• A copy of the referral will be sent home to the parent/guardian and to the classroom teacher.
• A third bus referral will result in a call home from the principal.
• The range of disciplinary actions for bus conduct infractions may include:
• Special seating.
• Suspension from bus privileges.
• Parent/guardian conference.
• Replacing or repairing the item or providing school services for the bus damage will be determined by the principal and family.

On the Playground

 expectations  .

• Listening respectfully to the directions of the adults in charge.
• Playing fairly during recess time.
• Being courteous and acting safely with classmates.
• Being a good sport.
• Treating everyone the way one wants to be treated.
• Helping others to enjoy themselves and inviting children to play.
• Lining up quietly and walking to and from the playground.
• Utilizing appropriate space boundaries.

UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIORS

• Pushing, shoving, or placing your hands or feet on another person.
• Throwing rocks, stones or objects or aiming any objects at another person.
• Teasing, name calling, cursing, or using abusive language.
• Fighting, kicking, hitting or using physical violence.
• Speaking disrespectfully or not listening to adults in charge.
• “Cutting” in games and during line up time.
• Playing aggressively in a way that is harmful to yourself or others.

CONSEQUENCES FOR INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIORS

• Alerting teachers to the infraction.
• Parent phone call by the teacher.
• Alert the principal.
• Phone call to the family from the principal.
• Unable to participate in recess
• Suspension of recess privileges.
• Denial of the privilege to participate in activity where the infraction took place.

In the Cafeteria

  Lunch time is a time when courtesy and consideration become especially important.

• Walk when entering the cafeteria and be seated in a calm manner.
• Bring your lunch or lunch money with you when leaving the classroom.
• Line up quietly when purchasing lunch or snack.
• Remain in the cafeteria and do not leave your seat or the lunchroom without permission.
• Use a calm “indoor voice” during for the entire time you are in the cafeteria.
• Ask permission from a monitor to use the bathroom, or to leave the cafeteria for any purpose.
• Wait for your teacher to pick you up from the cafeteria if you need to return to class.
• Speak respectfully to the lunch monitors and all supervising adults.
• Clean up after yourself. Pick up and properly dispose of all uneaten food, drink containers and wrappers.

UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR

There is no:

• Running around in the cafeteria or hallway.
• Cutting, pushing or shoving while on any lunch line.
• Speaking loudly or yelling.
• Throwing and/or squashing food and drink items.
• Leaving food, napkins or wrapper on the table or food.
• Sharing of food.
• Borrowing or loaning of money.

  Progressive discipline procedures will be followed, however unsafe behavior such as hitting or threatening warrant immediate attention of the principal.

• Reports may be filled out and given to the teacher who will discuss the situation with the student during a meeting or personal conference.
• Denial of privileges such as sitting with their classmates or eating in the cafeteria.
• Phone call home.
• Lunch detention, recess detention, a cooling off time, in-school suspension, or out of school suspension.
• Subsequent infractions may require a parent/guardian to pick the student up from school on the day of the infraction.
• Students may be referred for in school support.

Response to Hitting/Threatening

Hitting and threatening are defined as physical or verbal assaults that cause harm to oneself or others. **

• Warning at the discretion of the teacher or principal.
• Individual or group conference with the teacher.
• The teacher will talk with the student. Teacher calls home.
• Lunch/recess (one day) in the cooling-off areas as per time schedule
• In the “cooling off” room the student will reflect upon the incident and compose a written response about appropriate alternative solutions. The report may need to be signed by the parent and returned to the teacher. 
• Additional number of lunch/recess times spent in the “cooling off” (two to four) Support service/principal calls home. The student will compose a written report (to be sent home and signed by the parent) the report of the offense so s/he can reflect upon the problem and work toward a solution.)**
• In-school suspension (one-half to full day). The principal and teacher will conference with the children involved. A call home will be made by the principal. The student will write a report about his/her behavior and the parent will sign the report.  The report will be returned to the teacher.**
• In-school suspension (two days) at the principal’s discretion. Parent conference with the teacher (if appropriate), principal (if appropriate), support personnel.  Possible referral for in-school support or to an outside agency with parent approval. **
• Suspension (one day) – parent conference with teacher (if appropriate), support personnel, and principal. Possible referral to outside agencies, the Building Instructional Support Team and CSE.
• Increase suspension to two, three, four, five days at principal’s discretion. Parent conference with principal, teacher and support staff.
• Superintendent’s hearing with family, teacher, support staff and principal.

**When appropriate, conflict resolution strategies and mediation will be put into place   with support staff

Students are expected to dress appropriately for school and school functions.   Students and parents have a responsibility for acceptable student dress, appearance and cleanliness.

STUDENT EXPECTATIONS

• Clothing should be safe, appropriate and not disrupt or interfere with the educational process.
• Dress items such as halter tops, short shorts, spaghetti straps, and shirts that bare the midriff or show undergarments are inappropriate.
• Footwear should be safe. Flip Flops and high heels are discouraged.
• Clothing should not include inappropriate words or pictures that are offensive, denigrate others, promote or endorse the use of tobacco, alcohol, illegal substances and/or illegal or violent activities.
• Wearing hats in the school building is not permitted, except for special designated days.

Violations of the dress code will result in asking the student to modify their dress by covering or removing an offending item.  The parent/guardian may be asked to bring to school a change of clothes for the student.

OTHER CONDUCT EXPECTATIONS AND PROHIBITIONS IN ALL AREAS OF THE SCHOOL BUILDING AND DURING SCHOOL FUNCTIONS:

(Violations may be subject to disciplinary action.)

• Walking is expected in all areas of the school building and on school property.
• Loud and unreasonable noise is not acceptable.
• Language and gestures must not be profane, lewd, vulgar or abusive.
• Students shall comply with the directions of the principal, teachers, and other school staff.
• Engaging in violent behavior such as hitting, kicking, tripping, scratching, and/or punching is prohibited.
• Weapons are not allowed in school nor are any displays of what appears to be a weapon.
• Threatening to use a weapon to harm others is prohibited.
• Intentionally damaging or destroying property of the school or other persons is prohibited.
• Students shall not engage in conduct that endangers the safety, morals, and health or welfare of others such as lying, stealing, harassing, intimidating, discriminating or defaming others.
• Proper use of the bathrooms is expected. Dawdling in the bathroom, writing on the walls or flushing inappropriate items in the toilet is prohibited. 

Students must abide by the Carmel Central School District Elementary Internet Policy which is sent home yearly. Students must have permission to use computers, software, and the internet/intranet account.  Using inappropriate websites or any other violation of the District’s acceptable use policy is subjected to disciplinary action.

Mediation: is a process where students are assisted in resolving conflicts and disagreements in a positive manner.  Children are guided through a series of questions that are solution focused.  Children who have a conflict and participate in mediation can expect to have an opportunity to safely discuss the problem/conflict, express their feelings and points of view and make decisions about how to avoid the conflict in the future.

Socialization Groups: These small social skills groups address specific areas of social skill development.  Some students benefit from a more personalized opportunity to develop and enhance their social interaction skills.

Human Rights Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on human rights.

Human rights are a set of rights which every human is entitled to. Every human being is inherited with these rights no matter what caste, creed, gender, the economic status they belong to. Human rights are very important for making sure that all humans get treated equally. They are in fact essential for a good standard of living in the world.

Moreover, human rights safeguard the interests of the citizens of a country. You are liable to have human rights if you’re a human being. They will help in giving you a good life full of happiness and prosperity.

Human Rights Categories

Human rights are essentially divided into two categories of civil and political rights, and social rights. This classification is important because it clears the concept of human rights further. Plus, they also make humans realize their role in different spheres.

When we talk about civil and political rights , we refer to the classic rights of humans. These rights are responsible for limiting the government’s authority that may affect any individual’s independence. Furthermore, these rights allow humans to contribute to the involvement of the government. In addition to the determination of laws as well.

Next up, the social rights of people guide the government to encourage ways to plan various ways which will help in improving the life quality of citizens. All the governments of countries are responsible for ensuring the well-being of their citizens. Human rights help countries in doing so efficiently.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Importance of Human Rights

Human rights are extremely important for the overall development of a country and individuals on a personal level. If we take a look at the basic human rights, we see how there are right to life, the right to practice any religion, freedom of movement , freedom from movement and more. Each right plays a major role in the well-being of any human.

Right to life protects the lives of human beings. It ensures no one can kill you and thus safeguards your peace of mind. Subsequently, the freedom of thought and religion allows citizens to follow any religion they wish to. Moreover, it also means anyone can think freely.

Further, freedom of movement is helpful in people’s mobilization. It ensures no one is restricted from traveling and residing in any state of their choice. It allows you to grab opportunities wherever you wish to.

Next up, human rights also give you the right to a fair trial. Every human being has the right to move to the court where there will be impartial decision making . They can trust the court to give them justice when everything else fails.

Most importantly, humans are now free from any form of slavery. No other human being can indulge in slavery and make them their slaves. Further, humans are also free to speak and express their opinion.

In short, human rights are very essential for a happy living of human beings. However, these days they are violated endlessly and we need to come together to tackle this issue. The governments and citizens must take efforts to protect each other and progress for the better. In other words, this will ensure happiness and prosperity all over the world.

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Essay on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens for Students

Table of Contents

India is a democratic country where its citizens live freely however they have lots of rights and responsibilities towards their country. Rights and responsibilities are two sides of a coin and both go side to side. If we have rights we must have their corresponding responsibilities too. Rights and responsibilities go hand in hand with us where we live in whatever home, society, village, state, or country. Now-a-days, students gets assigned by their teachers to write some paragraphs or complete essay on any topic to enhance their English writing skill and knowledge as well as spread awareness. Following are some paragraphs, short essays and long essays on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens to help students in completing their related task. All the Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens essay are written very simply. So, you can select any essay according to your need and requirement:

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Long and Short Essay on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens in English

Rights and responsibilities of citizens essay 1 (100 words).

Citizen is the person who lives as an inhabitant in any village or city of the state and country. We all are citizen of our country and have various rights and responsibilities towards our village, city, society, state and country. Rights and duties of each citizen are very valuable and inter-related. Every state or country provides its citizens some fundamental civil rights such as personal rights, religious rights, social rights, moral rights, economic rights and political rights. As a citizen of the country we are morally and legally required to complete our duties always together. We should love and respect each other and live together without any difference. We are expected to sacrifice time to time in order to protect our country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 2 (150 words)

Citizens living in the country must know their rights and responsibilities. Understanding all the rules and regulation presented by the government may help every citizen in completing their responsibilities towards country. We must understand our rights for our own well being and freedom in the country as well as serve for the communities and country. The constitution of India (called as supreme law of India) came into force in 1950 on 26 January which has given democratic rights to the Indian citizen. According to the Indian constitution, people of India have various rights and responsibilities.

There are around six fundamental rights of the Indian citizens without which no one can live in the democratic manner. Means, democracy in the country can work only if its citizens have rights. Such rights prevent the government from being dictatorial and cruel. Fundamental rights help people in their moral, material and personality development. In case of rights violations of someone, courts can protect and safeguard them. There are some fundamental responsibilities too for the peace and prosperity of the country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 3 (200 words)

Fundamental rights of the Indian citizens are given to them for the basic and essential conditions of good life for their progress. Without such rights no Indian citizen can develop his/her personality and confidence. These fundamental rights are preserved in the Indian Constitution. Fundamental rights are protected and guaranteed to the citizens by supreme law while ordinary rights by the ordinary law. Fundamental rights of the citizens are not violable in ordinary situation however in some reasonable circumstances they can be suspended but temporarily.

Six fundamental rights according to the Indian constitution are Right to Equality (Article 14 – Article 18), Right to Religion (Articles 25 – Article 28), Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 – Article 24), Right to Culture and Education (Articles 29 – Article 30), Right to Freedom (Articles 19 – Article 22), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32). Citizens enjoy their fundamental rights living anywhere in the country. He/she can go to the court for legal assistance in case his/her rights are violated by force. There are various responsibilities too of the good citizens which everyone must follow in order to improve surroundings and get inner peace. Fulfilling responsibilities towards country gives sense of ownership for the country. Being a good citizen of the country, we should not waste electricity, water, natural resources, public property, etc. We should follow all the rules and laws as well as pay tax timely.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 4 (250 words)

Fundamental rights given to the Indian citizens are essential part of the Constitution. Such fundamental rights can be altered by the Parliament using special procedure. No person other than Indian citizen is allowed to enjoy such rights except right to liberty, life, and personal property. Other fundamental rights except right to life and personal liberty can be suspended during time of emergency. If any citizen found his/her rights violated can go to the court (Supreme Court and High Court) for enforcement. Some fundamental rights are positive or negative in nature and always become superior to the ordinary laws. Some fundamental rights like freedom of speech, assembly, cultural right and educational rights are limited to citizens only.

There were no fundamental duties preserved in the Constitution of India when it came into force in 1950. However, ten fundamental duties (covered by Article 51 A) were added in the 42 nd Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976. Following are the fundamental responsibilities of the Indian citizens:

• Indian citizen must respect their National Flag and the National Anthem.
• They must respect, value and follow all the noble ideals used in the national struggle for freedom.
• They must to protect the power, unity and integrity of the country.
• They guard the country and maintain the spirit of common brotherhood.
• They must protect and preserve the cultural heritage sites.
• They must protect, preserve and improve the natural environment.
• They must safeguard the public property.
• They should develop scientific temper and spirit of inquiry.
• They must work hard to get excellence in every area of individual and collective activity.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 5 (300 words)

Fundamental duties of the Indian citizens are mentioned in the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976. All the responsibilities are very important and necessary for the vital interest of country. They can be civic duties or moral duties which cannot be enforced legally upon the citizens even by the courts. One cannot be punished if he/she is not performing his/her duties as there is no legal force governing these duties. Fundamental duties (right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and right to constitutional remedies) are the integral part of Constitution of India having moral impact and educative value upon the Indian citizens. Inclusion of such responsibilities to the Constitution is important for the progress, peace and prosperity of the country.

Some of the fundamental responsibilities mentioned in the Constitution of India are like respect to the National Flag, the National Anthem, citizens must defend their country, commit to provide National service whenever required, safeguard the public property, etc. Such rights and responsibilities are very important for National interest of the country however not forcefully enforced to the people. In order to completely enjoy the rights, people must perform their responsibilities towards country in a well manner as rights and responsibilities are related to each other. As we get rights our responsibilities increases too towards individual and social welfare. Both are not separable and vital regarding prosperity of country.

As a good citizen of the country, we need to know and learn our all the rights and duties for the welfare of our society and country. We need to understand that all of us are responsible for good or bad condition of the society. We need to change our thinking into action to bring some positive effect in our society and country. If the individual action performed by a person can change the life; why not, our collaborative actions have positive effects over the society and country. So, the duties of citizens matters a lot for the prosperity and peace of society and entire country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 6 (400 words)

As we are a social animal, we have lots of responsibilities for the development as well as bring prosperity and peace in the society and country. In order to fulfill our responsibilities we have given some rights by the Constitution of India. Rights are very necessary given to the citizens for their individual development and improve the social life. Democratic system of the country is completely based on the freedom of its citizens to enjoy their rights. Rights given by our Constitution are called as Fundamental Rights which cannot be taken back from us in normal times. Our Constitution gives us six rights such as:

• Right to Freedom: It is very important fundamental right which makes people able to express their thoughts and ideas through speech, writing or other means. According to this right, a person is free to cherish, criticize or speak against the governmental policies. He/she is free to carry on any business in any corner of the country.
• Right to Freedom of Religion: There are many states in the country where people of various religions live together. Each one of us is free to practice, propagate and follow any religion we like. No one has right to interfere with the faith of anybody.
• Right to Equality: Citizens living in India are equal and have no any difference and discrimination between rich and poor or high and low. A person of any religion, caste, creed, sex or place can get the highest position in office for which he/she has ability and required qualifications
• Right to Education and Culture: Every child has right to education and he/she can get education in any institution up to any level.
• Right against Exploitation: No one has right to force anybody to work without wages or against his/her wish or children below 14 years of age.
• Right to Constitutional Remedies: It is the most important one which protects all the fundamental rights. If someone feels that his/her rights are being harmed in any condition he/she can approach to the court seeking justice.

As we know that both, duties and rights go side by side. Our rights are meaningless without duties thus both are inseparable. We do not have right to get benefited with rights if we do not follow our duties properly for the smooth running of country. As being the citizen of the country, our responsibilities and duties are:

• We must respect the National Flag and National Anthem.
• We should respect and obey the laws of our country.
• We should enjoy rights and freedom under the limit without interfering with freedom and rights of others.
• We should be ready to protect our country whenever required.
• We should respect and protect national property and public property (such as railways, post-offices, bridges, roadways, schools, colleges, historical buildings, places, forests, etc).
• We should pay our taxes with honesty in timely manner.

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Why students choose Russia as their travel destination

No comments · Posted by Alex Smirnov in Travel

If you are looking for something different but unique and are not satisfied by the traditional offer of tourist destinations, try looking eastward for a moment. We are not talking about the Far East but just east of Europe and a little further than better-known destinations like Venice or Berlin. We invite you to visit Russia and discover interesting facts about Russia that make this country so special.

Today, Russian tourism is on a rise for a variety of reasons, including great food, cultural heritage, and beautiful cities like Moscow or St. Petersburg. Traveling is supposed to be about exploring new things or meeting new people and this country is a tourist gem waiting to be discovered.

1. Cultural Heritage

Russia might be a part of Europe but for most westerners, it is still a mysterious country with a unique mentality that makes them curious. People in Russia seem like warm, emotional souls who like drinking vodka and eating caviar for breakfast which is not far from the truth. This little prejudice doesn’t really summarize their cultural heritage which is vast and colorful.

We could write essays and college papers about Hermitage or Moscow’s Metro which is like a museum in the open. The city of St. Petersburg looks like the capital of some North Pole Kingdom with its castles, boulevards, and winter palaces. Maintaining the beauty of cultural monuments is taken very seriously so each tourist will enjoy a display of east-European architecture and design. We warmly recommend visiting sites like:

* Hermitage Museum * Red Square in Moscow * The Peterhof Palace * Mariinsky Theatre * Saint Isaac’s Cathedral

2. Beautiful Nature

Just like Russian literature, everything in this country comes in big portions and inspires topics and interesting conversations. Huge cities, enormous landscapes, or large meals are just some examples, but traveling is how you get to know a country, not by reading essays or college papers. The most popular thing that students write in their essays on travelling through Russia is it’s frighteningly vast natural wildlife scenery. There are almost fifty national parks across this whole country so take your pick and enjoy connecting with mother nature. One will get plenty of topic ideas to inspire him If he wishes to write an essay after such a mesmerizing trip.

Some of the most beautiful National Parks are:

* Losiny Ostrov * Bashkiriya * Kenozersky * Kalevalsky * Chavash Varmane

3. Education Opportunities

While native Russian might be a little difficult to learn, for those who conquer its basics, there are amazing opportunities to study in Russian college or university. Know that Russia’s education system is quite liberal so if you wondered does Russia have free college, the answer is affirmative. Many exchange student programs are available for those who show interest to study here.

This could be a unique chance to exchange cultural capital and values while reaching your educational goals. Studying in a Russian college is not so different in terms of taking classes and other obligations like writing research papers on various topics. Having paper due assignments might come less often because Russians prefer oral examination or open discussion.

Some of the Top Universities to check out:

* Tomsk Polytechnic University * MISIS University of Science and Technology * Moscow Engineering Physics Institute * HSE University of Economics

4. Having Fun Russian Style

After all those essays, topic ideas, and college papers it is time to have some proper fun. Join your new friends as they take you through local taverns, try domestic cuisine, plus a few shots of national drinks. There are so many examples of traditional hospitality that one will experience on every corner, as he discovers some fabulous wonders of this great country. If one could write summaries about his Russian experience it would definitely include accounts of long nights in Moscow’s inns and nightclubs.

Maybe one of these:

* Propaganda * Pravda Club * Gipsy * City Pub Crawl

These are the Russia facts, but we encourage travelers to explore uncharted territories by hanging out with local people thus learning about their culture and customs. That is the best way to truly understand the heart of its people. Changing scenery is always good for young students as it signals a fresh start in their lives. Maybe visiting this country will refresh your spirit or inspire you to achieve all your educational goals and dreams.

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