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Literary: the contemporary philippine essay - introduction.
Ramon Guillermo , University of the Philippines Diliman Martin V. Villanueva , Ateneo de Manila University Follow
Document Type
Publication date.
Literary: The Contemporary Philippine Essay
Recommended Citation
Guillermo, R., & Villanueva, M. V. (2016). Literary: The contemporary Philippine essay - Introduction. Kritika Kultura, 0(26), 618–625. https://ajol.ateneo.edu/kk/articles/77/838
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The Philippine Literature
The literary forms in philippine literature.
by: Christine F. Godinez-Ortega
The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the country’s history. This can best be appreciated in the context of the country’s pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions. The average Filipino’s unfamiliarity with his indigenous literature was largely due to what has been impressed upon him: that his country was “discovered” and, hence, Philippine “history” started only in 1521.
So successful were the efforts of colonialists to blot out the memory of the country’s largely oral past that present-day Filipino writers, artists and journalists are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the country’s wealth of ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools and in the mass media.
The rousings of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the “Filipino identity.”
Pre-Colonial Times
Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists, we are able to know more and better judge information about our pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past.
Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.
The most seminal of these folk speeches is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol. Central to the riddle is the talinghaga or metaphor because it “reveals subtle resemblances between two unlike objects” and one’s power of observation and wit are put to the test. While some riddles are ingenious, others verge on the obscene or are sex-related:
Gongonan nu usin y amam If you pull your daddy’s penis
Maggirawa pay sila y inam. Your mommy’s vagina, too,
(Campana) screams. (Bell)
The proverbs or aphorisms express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they instill values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse.
The extended form, tanaga, a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is “more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with the folk lyric.” Some examples are the basahanon or extended didactic sayings from Bukidnon and the daraida and daragilon from Panay.
The folk song, a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people’s lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive as in the children’s songs or Ida-ida (Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag).
A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili (Ilongo); love songs like the panawagon and balitao (Ilongo); harana or serenade (Cebuano); the bayok (Maranao); the seven-syllable per line poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about human relationships, social entertainment and also serve as a tool for teaching the young; work songs that depict the livelihood of the people often sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog rowing song) or the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-pounding song; the verbal jousts/games like the duplo popular during wakes.
Other folk songs are the drinking songs sung during carousals like the tagay (Cebuano and Waray); dirges and lamentations extolling the deeds of the dead like the kanogon (Cebuano) or the Annako (Bontoc).
A type of narrative song or kissa among the Tausug of Mindanao, the parang sabil, uses for its subject matter the exploits of historical and legendary heroes. It tells of a Muslim hero who seeks death at the hands of non-Muslims.
The folk narratives, i.e. epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. They explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of legends, an explanation of the origins of things. Fables are about animals and these teach moral lessons.
Our country’s epics are considered ethno-epics because unlike, say, Germany’s Niebelunginlied, our epics are not national for they are “histories” of varied groups that consider themselves “nations.”
The epics come in various names: Guman (Subanon); Darangen (Maranao); Hudhud (Ifugao); and Ulahingan (Manobo). These epics revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds and they embody or validate the beliefs and customs and ideals of a community. These are sung or chanted to the accompaniment of indigenous musical instruments and dancing performed during harvests, weddings or funerals by chanters. The chanters who were taught by their ancestors are considered “treasures” and/or repositories of wisdom in their communities.
Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod); Kudaman (Palawan); Darangen (Maranao); Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo); Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from Tuwaang–Manobo); Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon); and Tudbulol (T’boli).
The Spanish Colonial Tradition
While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contributed much in the shaping and recording of our literature. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to know as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. Spain also brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to understand the meanings of “liberty and freedom.”
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.
Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Fernando Bagonbanta’s “Salamat nang walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas” (Unending thanks) is a fine example that is found in the Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala (Guidelines for the Christian life in the Tagalog language) published in 1605.
Another form of religious lyrics are the meditative verses like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms. It has no fixed meter nor rime scheme although a number are written in octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter.
But among the religious poetry of the day, it is the pasyon in octosyllabic quintillas that became entrenched in the Filipino’s commemoration of Christ’s agony and resurrection at Calvary. Gaspar Aquino de Belen’s “Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na tola” (Holy Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Verse) put out in 1704 is the country’s earliest known pasyon.
Other known pasyons chanted during the Lenten season are in Ilocano, Pangasinan, Ibanag, Cebuano, Bicol, Ilongo and Waray.
Aside from religious poetry, there were various kinds of prose narratives written to prescribe proper decorum. Like the pasyon, these prose narratives were also used for proselitization. Some forms are: dialogo (dialogue), Manual de Urbanidad (conduct book); ejemplo (exemplum) and tratado (tratado). The most well-known are Modesto de Castro’s “Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza” (Correspondence between the Two Maidens Urbana and Feliza) in 1864 and Joaquin Tuason’s “Ang Bagong Robinson” (The New Robinson) in 1879, an adaptation of Daniel Defoe’s novel.
Secular works appeared alongside historical and economic changes, the emergence of an opulent class and the middle class who could avail of a European education. This Filipino elite could now read printed works that used to be the exclusive domain of the missionaries.
The most notable of the secular lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition: the languishing but loyal lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. Some secular poets who wrote in this same tradition were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes and Rafael Gandioco.
Another popular secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in Tagalog. The awit is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains while the korido is in octosyllabic quatrains. These are colorful tales of chivalry from European sources made for singing and chanting such as Gonzalo de Cordoba (Gonzalo of Cordoba) and Ibong Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, Ilongo, Pampango, Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre reached new heights in Balagtas’ “Florante at Laura” (ca. 1838-1861), the most famous of the country’s metrical romances.
Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the downside of colonization. This, coupled with the simmering calls for reforms by the masses gathered a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio.
This led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political essays and Rizal’s two political novels, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher in the Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at the same time planted the seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos.
But if Rizal’s novels are political, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno is largely cultural and is considered the first Filipino novel. Although Paterno’s Ninay gave impetus to other novelists like Jesus Balmori and Antonio M. Abad to continue writing in Spanish, this did not flourish.
Other Filipino writers published the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enrique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who mastered the prosa romantica or romantic prose.
But the introduction of English as medium of instruction in the Philippines hastened the demise of Spanish so that by the 1930s, English writing had overtaken Spanish writing. During the language’s death throes, however, writing in the romantic tradition, from the awit and korido, would continue in the novels of Magdalena Jalandoni. But patriotic writing continued under the new colonialists. These appeared in the vernacular poems and modern adaptations of works during the Spanish period and which further maintained the Spanish tradition.
The American Colonial Period
A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New literary forms such as free verse [in poetry], the modern short story and the critical essay were introduced. American influence was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with literary modernism that highlighted the writer’s individuality and cultivated consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness.
The poet, and later, National Artist for Literature, Jose Garcia Villa used free verse and espoused the dictum, “Art for art’s sake” to the chagrin of other writers more concerned with the utilitarian aspect of literature. Another maverick in poetry who used free verse and talked about illicit love in her poetry was Angela Manalang Gloria, a woman poet described as ahead of her time. Despite the threat of censorship by the new dispensation, more writers turned up “seditious works” and popular writing in the native languages bloomed through the weekly outlets like Liwayway and Bisaya.
The Balagtas tradition persisted until the poet Alejandro G. Abadilla advocated modernism in poetry. Abadilla later influenced young poets who wrote modern verses in the 1960s such as Virgilio S. Almario, Pedro I. Ricarte and Rolando S. Tinio.
While the early Filipino poets grappled with the verities of the new language, Filipinos seemed to have taken easily to the modern short story as published in the Philippines Free Press, the College Folio and Philippines Herald. Paz Marquez Benitez’s “Dead Stars” published in 1925 was the first successful short story in English written by a Filipino. Later on, Arturo B. Rotor and Manuel E. Arguilla showed exceptional skills with the short story.
Alongside this development, writers in the vernaculars continued to write in the provinces. Others like Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Peña and Patricio Mariano were writing minimal narratives similar to the early Tagalog short fiction called dali or pasingaw (sketch).
The romantic tradition was fused with American pop culture or European influences in the adaptations of Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan by F. P. Boquecosa who also penned Ang Palad ni Pepe after Charles Dicken’s David Copperfield even as the realist tradition was kept alive in the novels by Lope K. Santos and Faustino Aguilar, among others.
It should be noted that if there was a dearth of the Filipino novel in English, the novel in the vernaculars continued to be written and serialized in weekly magazines like Liwayway, Bisaya, Hiligaynon and Bannawag.
The essay in English became a potent medium from the 1920?s to the present. Some leading essayists were journalists like Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge Bocobo, Pura Santillan Castrence, etc. who wrote formal to humorous to informal essays for the delectation by Filipinos.
Among those who wrote criticism developed during the American period were Ignacio Manlapaz, Leopoldo Yabes and I.V. Mallari. But it was Salvador P. Lopez’s criticism that grabbed attention when he won the Commonwealth Literay Award for the essay in 1940 with his “Literature and Society.” This essay posited that art must have substance and that Villa’s adherence to “Art for Art’s Sake” is decadent.
The last throes of American colonialism saw the flourishing of Philippine literature in English at the same time, with the introduction of the New Critical aesthetics, made writers pay close attention to craft and “indirectly engendered a disparaging attitude” towards vernacular writings — a tension that would recur in the contemporary period.
The Contemporary Period
The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s.
Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not.
Of course the Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation of writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass media including the internet. The various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life and Panorama literary awards encourage him to compete with his peers and hope that his creative efforts will be rewarded in the long run.
With the new requirement by the Commission on Higher Education of teaching of Philippine Literature in all tertiary schools in the country emphasizing the teaching of the vernacular literature or literatures of the regions, the audience for Filipino writers is virtually assured. And, perhaps, a national literature finding its niche among the literatures of the world will not be far behind.
source: http://www.seasite.niu.edu
Essay on Philippine Literature
Students are often asked to write an essay on Philippine Literature in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.
Let’s take a look…
100 Words Essay on Philippine Literature
Introduction to philippine literature.
Philippine Literature is a treasure of written or spoken works from the Philippines. It includes stories, poems, songs, and other creative pieces. This literature is a reflection of the country’s history, culture, and experiences of its people.
Pre-Colonial Period
Before the Spanish came to the Philippines, Filipinos already had their literature. They told stories, sang songs, and recited poems. These were passed down from one generation to the next by word of mouth. This period was rich in legends, folk tales, and epics.
Spanish Colonial Period
During Spanish rule, Philippine literature was heavily influenced by the Spanish. Many Filipinos learned to write in Spanish. They created religious and secular works, like poems, plays, and novels. This period also saw the rise of the “Awit” and “Corrido”, popular verse forms.
American Colonial Period
The American period brought English to the Philippines. English became a medium for Filipino writers. They wrote in different genres such as short stories, novels, and essays. This period also saw the birth of Philippine newspapers in English.
Modern Philippine Literature
Today, Philippine literature is a mix of many influences. It includes works in Filipino, English, Spanish, and other local languages. Modern writers explore themes like identity, history, and social issues. They continue to enrich Philippine literature with their creative works.
250 Words Essay on Philippine Literature
What is philippine literature.
Philippine Literature is a treasure of stories, poems, and plays written by Filipinos. These works are written in different Filipino languages, English, and Spanish. They show the rich culture and history of the Philippines.
Before the Spanish came to the Philippines, Filipinos already had a rich tradition of literature. They told stories, sang songs, and recited poems. These were passed down from generation to generation. They were not written, but they were remembered and shared.
When the Spanish came, they introduced new forms of literature. They brought religious books, which had a big effect on the literature of the Philippines. Many Filipinos began writing in Spanish. They wrote about their lives, their beliefs, and their struggles.
American Period
When the Americans took over, English became the main language for writing. Filipinos started writing novels, short stories, and poems in English. They also wrote about their experiences during the American period.
Today, Philippine literature is a mix of different languages and styles. Some writers continue to write in English and Spanish. Others write in Filipino and other local languages. They write about many things, like love, war, and social issues.
In conclusion, Philippine Literature is a rich and diverse field. It shows the Filipino spirit through its stories, poems, and plays. It is a mirror of the Filipino soul, reflecting its joys, sorrows, hopes, and dreams.
500 Words Essay on Philippine Literature
Philippine literature is a rich tapestry of written and spoken works from the Philippines. It includes stories, poems, plays, and essays that reflect the country’s history, culture, and people. The language used in these works can be English, Spanish, or any of the local dialects.
Historical Background
The history of Philippine literature can be traced back to the pre-colonial era. Before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, Filipinos already had their own system of writing known as “Baybayin.” They shared tales and poems through oral tradition. These early works often focused on myths, legends, and folktales.
The Spanish colonial period introduced new forms of literature. Filipinos began writing in Spanish and used literature to express their thoughts and feelings about the colonial rule. The most famous work from this period is “Noli Me Tangere” by Jose Rizal, a novel that criticizes Spanish friars.
The American period saw the use of English in Philippine literature. This era produced many talented writers who used English to write about the Filipino experience.
Types of Philippine Literature
Philippine literature comes in many forms. The most common are short stories, novels, poems, and plays. Short stories and novels often tell about everyday life in the Philippines or historical events. Poems can be about love, nature, or social issues. Plays often deal with social and political issues.
Themes in Philippine Literature
The themes in Philippine literature are diverse. Many works deal with social and political issues, such as poverty, corruption, and the struggle for freedom. Others explore themes of love, family, and friendship. There are also works that focus on the beauty of the Philippine landscape and the richness of its culture.
Significance of Philippine Literature
Philippine literature is important because it reflects the Filipino experience. It shows how Filipinos think, feel, and live. It also helps preserve the country’s culture and history. By reading Philippine literature, we can better understand the Philippines and its people.
In conclusion, Philippine literature is a treasure trove of stories, ideas, and emotions. It tells us about the past, present, and potential future of the Philippines. It allows us to see the world through the eyes of Filipinos. Despite the changes in society and technology, Philippine literature continues to thrive and inspire. It remains a vital part of the country’s cultural heritage.
This brief overview of Philippine literature gives you a glimpse into the rich literary tradition of the Philippines. There’s a lot more to discover, so don’t stop here. Keep reading, and let the words of Filipino writers touch your heart and mind.
That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.
If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:
- Essay on Philippine Independence
- Essay on Philippine Festivals
- Essay on Philippine Economy
Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .
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Philippine Authors and Their Works – Some Legendary Authors In PH
Here are some of the most famous philippine authors and their works that left remarkable mark in the ph literature..
PHILIPPINE AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS – These are the legendary Filipino authors and their remarkable contributions.
The Philippine literature has improved greatly over time. We have authors who write fully in Filipino, while others scribbled their thoughts and letters in English adapting the Western style and language. But what most definitely will be of significance is how these creations have shaped and enriched the literature of the country.
Meet some of the most legendary and iconic authors from the Philippines below and a few of their masterpieces:
- She wrote the 1990 novel Dogeaters which won the American Book Award and was declared a finalist for the National Book Award. She also created the play Mango Tango which happened to be her first-ever play.
- He is one of those writers who deeply tackled social justice and issues. He created Rosales Saga – a a five-volume work. He is one of the most widely read Filipino authors. In 1980, he won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Literature.
- He is a National Artist. He published a work at the age of 17 and his skill has made him won a scholarship from an essay contest where he topped. Among his most famous works is The Woman With Two Navels .
- She wrote numerous books, short stories, and poems which told the lesser-known facts about the life of a Filipino. Fish-Hair Woman is one of her greatest stories that narrated the story of a woman who fell in love with an Australian soldier. Her works Rita’s Lullaby and White Turtle won the international Prix Italia Award and the Steele Rudd Award, respectively.
- He is popularly called Butch Dalisay, his pen name. He lived and got imprisoned in the time of Martial law. his writings include Killing Time in a Warm Place (his first novel) and Soledad’s Sister (his second novel). In his career, he has won 16 Palanca awards.
- He is a poet, author, and a teacher. His Eye of the Fish: A Personal Archipelago won the PEN Open Book Award and an Asian American Literary Award.
- Our very own national hero is a prolific writer. He wrote Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo m, which, at current times, is deeply discussed in academic institutions. Mi Ultimo Adios is the last poem he wrote before his execution.
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Literary Journal of the Philippine South
Katitikan Issue 5: Writes and Rights
Introduction
Our Voices, Words of Law Ria Valdez
Ang Batang sa Pangpang Mark Alden Arcenal
Ang Kuwento ni Lola Mina John Carlo S. Gloria
Ang Mga Naulila Mark Anthony Angeles
Baldado Mark Anthony Angeles
Biting Mouths, Bitten Hands Kent Reymark Tocayon
Cybora Malaya
Dark Side of the City Shinnen Cahandig
Executive Order Mark Anthony Angeles
Feli Ariel B. Logroño
Ikalawang Kamatayan Malaya
Makit-an Pa Nako Siyang Galaroy-laroy sa Kilid-kiliran Cyrus Adrian C. Rom
Messenger John Carlo S. Gloria
Nanaghoy ang Dahili sa Ginbiktan Rey B. Araneta
Nataran Ronan R. Lingatong
Pamainit Ronnel Victor Kilat
Pilipinas, 2026 John Carlo S. Gloria
The Call of the Dead Catlyn Rose Laurente
The Slaying of the War Crab Junelie Anthony Velonta
The Symphony of Frogs Ava Arnejo
A friend asks if I’ve been writing Andre Aniñon
Across the Multiverse Hezron Pios
Bato nga Ginoo Gilford Doquila
Dagat-dagatang Putik John Rafael M. Alcantara
Evidence Alyza Taguilaso
For Simon Raphael Salise
From the Top of the Bridge Liane Carlo R. Suelan
Hukayin Natin ang Langit Gerald Castillo Galindez
Karayom Jason Federigan Pozon
Lesson in Immunology Andre Aniñon
Makinang de Pedal Jason Federigan Pozon
Manikin Jason Federigan Pozon
Medida Jason Federigan Pozon
No Loitering Allowed Aki Dueñas
Sa Mga Hantatawo Ivan Ridge Arbizo
The students are overjoyed Andre Aniñon
Tumbang Preso Harvey Castillo
Reclaiming Narratives: EliBarra Fix-it Fanfiction as a Queer Reparative Reading of Noli Me Tangere Sean Marcus Ingalla
Salt and Coffee David Madriaga
Visceral Gershom Mabaquiao
May Sarong Kulibangbang Jobert Grey Landeza
Nauli Man Lagi Ka? Dan Ian Niño B. Jaducana
Pagpangandam Yudi Santillan III
Troll Mark Andy Pedere
Katitikan Issue 4: Queer Writing
Ang Pagwiwika ng Bakla, Ang Pagbabakla ng Wika Abner Dormiendo
A Boy, Inarticulate John Rey Dave Aquino
Ako Gilford Doquila
Ang Libro ni Maria Shinnen Cahandig
Birthday Daniel C. Geraldez
Bukas Ulit ng Gabi John Llyod Sabagala
Kumpisal KC Daniel Inventor
Kung Pwede Lang Eljay Castro Deldoc
Kuya Macoy Liane Carlo R. Suelan
Man-og KC Daniel Inventor
Pag-alala kay Jose Garcia Villa Eric Abalajon
Paruparo Jamil R. Figuracion
Sodom at Gomorrah KC Daniel Inventor
They Don’t End Up Together Sievney Quidet
Thirdy Arnold Matencio Valledor
Aftermath Kristoff Peralta
Akó/Akò Leo Cosmiano Baltar
Alagwa Paul Joshua Morante
Ang mga Soltero sa Bailehan KC Daniel Inventor
Babae Ako! Lenard R. Diaz
Dance Mai Santillan
Dead Chicken Theo Itchon
Doorknobs F. Jordan Carnice
Hanggang sa ang Verbo ay Magkatawang-tao Daryl Pasion
In our Understanding the Self class Vhinz Dacua
Kahel Leo Cosmiano Baltar
Kintsugi Jhio Jan A. Navarro
Kon Wala Imong Letra Sa LGBTQIA Jan Angelique Dalisay
Monsoon Madness Leo Fernandez Almero
Muni-muning Pagyakap sa Pagiging Mapag-isa’t Malaya sa Ilalim ng Buwan at Ibabaw ng Kamatayan John Lloyd Sabagala
Sa Bayo KC Daniel Inventor
Sa Darating Leo Cosmiano Baltar
The Garden of Beings Jan Angelique Dalisay
To Leonard Matlovich Elvis A. Galasinao Jr.
Maupay (At Mga Katagang Waray na Di Ko Malilimutan) Raya Martinez
My Other Name Gilford Doquila
Ganito ang Pinangarap Kong Kasal Eljay Castro Deldoc
Pigil-Gigil Andyleen C. Feje
Katitikan Issue 3: (Re) Imaginations
What Comes Next Sigrid Gayangos
The Ticket Rochelle Ann T. Molina
Walang Susing Musoleyo John Paul Albiola
Taglunod, Tagsunog Erika Carreon
Quaranfic Gabriela Baron
How Sitio San Roque turned into a Garden Reil Benedict Obinque
Lamiraw Cesar Miguel Escaño
Ghosts Erika Carreon
Partes Brixter Tino
Bastardo Mirick Paala
Daan Mirick Paala
Pula Ang Unang Kulay ng Bahaghari Mirick Paala
Calle Burgos R.B. Abiva
Elehiya ng Talisain Jhio Jan Navarro
Panauhin Joshua Mari Lumbera
Mga Bulong ng Isang Bugkot Mula sa Biringan City Mark Bonabon
Mula ng Tuwa Namin Dennis Andrew Aguinaldo
anunugba Jennifer Ebdani
awit sa langgam Jennifer Ebdani
Infinite Backyard Choreography Hezron Pios
Hip-hop in the Time of Appendicitis Hezron Pios
Night Walkers Rochelle Ann Molina
Salaysay ng Hindi Ko Sinali sa Opisyal na Ulat Ben Aguilar
Utang Ben Aguilar
Wika ng Pagdamay Kristoffer Aaron Tiña
Ang mga Hindi Nakarating Kristoffer Aaron Tiña
Tiket Ronel Osias
Stay at Home Ronel Osias
Affected Sectors Ana Margarita Nunez
Santol Jenelyn Garcia
Sa May Divisoria Jules Yuan Roldan
Demolisyon Jules Yuan Roldan
The Social Semiotics of Our Sensibility Lakan Uhay Alegre
Hugas-Kamay Ram Meris
Doktor Wakwak Sharon Almocera
Somora Jayne Arianna Grace Gotera
Katitikan Issue 2: Places and Spaces
Looking at Space and Place: The Navigation of Meaning Making Thomas Leonard Shaw
Ang Huling Sayaw ni Sebyo May Morales Dolis
Rectokado Cesar Miguel Escaño
Echoes of Pasig Matthew Jacob Ramos
Sanayan Lang ang Pagpatay Gabriela Baron
Ulan-init Hannah Lecena
City lines Andrea Lim
It is snowing in your country Christian Baldomero
There is a boy in the island Christian Baldomero
Cleaning the Attic F Jordan Carnice
Sky Over Cairns F Jordan Carnice
A Philosophy of Water Ma. Carmie Flor Ortego
The placenta of evening stars Ian Salva?a
Amihan Ian Salvana
Cartography Jose Kervin Cesar Calabias
Ang Hiniling Ko’y Umulan Andre Gutierrez
Ang Karamdaman ng Dagat Joshua Mari Lumbera
Heometriya ng lungkot Liberty Balanquit
Ka-wala-kan Stud Jader
Lawalawa Arthur David
Pagkatunaw Arthur David
Hasmin Arthur David
Petsay Ma’y Bakwit Din Emman Lacadin
Bakal Dos at Uno R.B. Abiva
Ang Kalsadang Puno ng Pananagimsim Renz Rosario
Lawag Renz Rosario
Creative Nonfiction
Here, There, Everywhere: Catching Up with Criselda Yabes Charles Sanchez
My Trilingual Career Francis C. Macansantos
Baybayin All Over Her Face Kevin Amante
Choosing to Stay Home Astrid Ilano
Labada Andrew Bonifacio Clete
Luyag ‘Da’ra’y Anino (A Kingdom of Shadows) Christopher Gozum
Katitikan Issue 1: Maiden Issue
(Re)Solving the South(ern) Puzzle: Katitikan as Alternative Discourse Thomas Leonard Shaw
Among the Bissayans of Zvbv Carlos Cortes
Ang Kalibotan Gawas sa Kalibotan Omar Khalid
Ang Kataposang Sugilanon ni Borges Al Osiris Ingking
Ang Panugid Alang sa Buwan Richellet Chan
Badjao Mahika Realismo
Baryo Tae Elizabeth Joy Quijano
Festival of Lights Camille Bagaipo
Galit si Eba Gabriela Baron
Geriatrics Susan Evangelista
HEXOPUS: The Six-Limbed Lad Charles Sanchez
Honasan Cesar Miguel Escano
Katayan sa Palihan Steno Padilla
Manananggal Mahika Realismo
Manananggal ng Sitio Toledo Gabriela Baron
Pulubi Mahika Realismo
Sampaguita Mitch Balladares
Tides of the Sea Alanna Michelle Escudero
Two Women of Bantayan Danton Remoto
A Brief Meeting King Llanza
At Napagod ang Hagdan John Christopher Lubag
Biyaya ng kutob Liberty Notarte Balanquit
Candy Keeps an Island Alive Breia Gore
Ensemble Christine Marie Magpile
Gawat Rene Boy Abiva
(hI)Law-as Elvin Ruiz
kamatis march Stud Neil Jader
kung bakit laging may patugtog sa SM Marlon Lester
Kung Paano ang Maghimay Johann Vladimir Espiritu
Pantalon Arthur David San Juan
Subukan Mong Bumangon, Isang Hatinggabi, At Pagmasdan ang Nahihimbing Mong Magulang Mark Anthony Salvador
The Mermaid Speaks Nico Pablo
The Underside of Healing King Llanza
Tinagutlo nga Pag-aninaw sa Tinuboran Jovanie Garay
To Mother Mai Santillan
Urban Jungle Lakan Uhay Alegre
uwan: siya ug ako Ivanie Michmir
What the Brooke’s Point Farmer Taught Me Nico Pablo
White Bodies Splayed on White Sand Alfonso Manalastas
Critical Essay
Excavating the Trauma: Notes on the Teng Mangansakan’s Forbidden Memory Ivan Emil Labayne
The Settler Settles In: Locating a Space for the Settler in Rogelio Braga’s Colon Ana Margarita Nunez
Entre Medio del Fin (In the Middle of the End) Ryanne Murcia
Our Voices, Words of Law
The symphony of frogs, the slaying of the war crab.
Kathang Pinoy
Filipino in thoughts and words.
Famous Essays and Speeches by Filipinos
- My Husband's Roommate
- Where is the Patis?
- I Am A Filipino
- This I Believe
- The Philippines A Century Hence by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire) Part I
- The Philippines A Century Hence by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire) Part II
- The Philippines A Century Hence by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire) Part III
- The Philippines A Century Hence by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire) Part IV
- The Indolence of the Filipinos by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire)
- The Filipino Is Worth Dying For
- 1983 Arrival Speech of Ninoy Aquino
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. ... (1921), the first volume of essays in English; and; the influential "Literature and Society" (1940) by Salvador P. López.
THE EARLY YEARS, 1918-27. The first informal essay in English in the Philippines was "A Call" by Alejandrina Santiago, written for the Philippine Review in 191 8. 2 It appeared ten years after the first Philippine short story in English, a fact that is not surprising since the familiar. essay is a late development in any national literature.
Philippine literature in english - Download as a PDF or view online for free. ... • First volume of essays in English, Life and Success, is published by Zoilo M. Galang. • 1924- Philippine Education Magazine is started. It is later renamed Philippine Magazine. • 1925- The Philippine Free Press offers a literary prizes. • 1927- The ...
In 1936, when the Philippine Writers League was organized, Filipino writers in English began discussing the value of literature in society. Initiated and led by Salvador P. Lopez, whose essays on Literature and Society provoked debates, the discussion centered on proletarian literature, i.e., engaged or committed literature versus the art for ...
The state of Philippine literature in English after the Asian financial crisis. Journal of Language, Literature and Culture, 65(1), 131-145. Quindoza-Santiago, D. (2017).
During this period, Philippine literature was written in English and ... Revaluation: Essays on Philippine literature, cinema, and popular culture. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Download. Essay, Pages 4 (824 words) Views. 48666. Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country's history. Literature had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the ...
On the basis of these data, it went on to survey linguistic studies of the Philippine media, and to chart directions for future research in this area. This present chapter provides an updated profile of the English-language media in the Philippines, focusing on both broadcast (television and radio) and print (newspapers and magazines) media.
The styles and themes used in Philippine literature were born from a combination of the country's history, mythology, culture, and foreign influences, evolving throughout different periods while also adopting common writing philosophies and movements of the time. [1] [2] Philippine literature encompasses literary media written in various ...
Partial preview of the text. Download Philippine Literature Essay and more English Essays (high school) in PDF only on Docsity! Philippine Literature: History and Importance through Time Philippine literature flourished and developed over different periods of history, mixed with the cultures of different colonizers that controlled our country ...
By Ramon Guillermo and Martin V. Villanueva, Published on 01/01/16. Recommended Citation. Guillermo, R., & Villanueva, M. V. (2016). Literary: The contemporary ...
The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the country's history. This can best be appreciated in the context of the country's pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions. ... The essay in English became a potent medium from the 1920?s to ...
Philippine literature is a rich tapestry of written and spoken works from the Philippines. It includes stories, poems, plays, and essays that reflect the country's history, culture, and people. The language used in these works can be English, Spanish, or any of the local dialects.
He is one of the most widely read Filipino authors. In 1980, he won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Literature. Nick Joaquin. He is a National Artist. He published a work at the age of 17 and his skill has made him won a scholarship from an essay contest where he topped. Among his most famous works is The Woman With Two Navels. Merlinda Bobis
About the Journal. Katitikan: Literary Journal of the Philippine South is an open-access literary journal that aims to offer a larger discursive space in which writers may articulate ideas in, through, and even of the Philippines as Southern discourse and the Southern Philippines as a concept.. Katitikan Journal Issue 1: Maiden Issue (June 2019); Katitikan Journal Issue 2: Places and Spaces ...
Philippine Literature in English. ... New literary forms were introduced, chiefly, free verse, the modern short story, and the critical essay. On the university level, young writers were. An Autobiography gives the history of a person's life, written or told by that person. Often written in Narrative form of their person's life.
From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English. 17 can trace the beginning of Philippine literature in English by the coming of _____. 18 1919, the _____published the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers in English.
OVERVIEW OF THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers the nature, essence, functions, and significance of literature. ... Be sure to proofread and edit your essay. o Look for typos, punctuation errors, and grammar errors. o You should correct these mistakes (called revising) before turning in the essay. o It is ...
The Indolence of the Filipinos by José Rizal (Translated by Charles E. Derbyshire) Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. The Filipino Is Worth Dying For. 1983 Arrival Speech of Ninoy Aquino.
Literature Review Philippine English "The linguistic background and colonial history of the Philippines provide an illuminating example of the development of a new variety of English" (Kirkpatrick, 2007, p. 34). The use of English as the primary medium of education in the Philippines started in 1901 together with the arrival of some ...
This document is all about Teaching Philippine Literature in English teaching philippine literature in english dr. gemino abad in this talk, used the word poet. Skip to document. University; High School ... What we usually call fiction, poem, play or creative non-fiction or essay are only possible forms of expression, shape or wrought from a ...
Our Philippine Literature - Essay - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. These is why The Philippine Literature is underrated.
After 7 years I continued my studies, I am excited on the first day of school, because for me this new test in my life, My first subject is "Philippine Literature in English (Phil. lit. )", there was a lady entered in our classroom, I think she was also one of the students, but I'm wrong she is our teacher, because the teacher sit in desk and showed that she is our teacher in that subject ...