uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on articulation

• Foreign Language

Oral-Communications Q2 Module-3

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Principles of Speech Delivery

Think of a speaker that one has heard and seen. State the reasons for liking this speaker? Is it his/her confidence, appearance, mastery of the language? All these answers are correct. A good speaker has to have a clear voice and uses words that are understandable. A good Speaker also uses the right facial expressions and appropriate gestures. Moreover, speakers are liked when they talk directly to the audience, maintaining eye contact with the listeners. These speakers also move on the stage with confidence, showing mastery of public communication.

A speaker’s message has to be imparted to the listeners. This is the second half of speech communication: the delivery of the speech. How does one deliver a speech effectively? There are several principles to be followed. These are as follows:

First Principle: Articulation

When the Speaker’s words cannot be understood because of poor articulation, the Speech might as well not have been delivered at all. Word choice and grammatical correctness are necessary in writing the Speech, but it is articulateness in pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction that effectively transmits the Message of the Speaker. It is highly important to know the correct way of saying a word, whether they are familiar or unfamiliar. Proper breathing techniques together with the correct molding of sounds that make up words contribute to efficient articulation.

(Were the Speakers in the video/film articulate in their Speech? Were they understandable?)

Second Principle: Modulation

There are pleasant-sounding voices, quite soothing to the ears, just as there are unpleasant voices that sound flat, are high pitched, or screeching. People like to listen to voices that are well-modulated, meaning the capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of the vocal tone. A microphone requires even more modulation as the amplifiers will resonate voices further. But with or without a microphone, voices should not bombard our eardrums. If the Speaker’s voice is modulated, Listeners will pay attention. The Speaker’s words will be heard clearly and the Message of the Speech will be sent and received.

(Were the Speakers’ voices modulated? Was it easy to listen to them?)

Third Principle: Stage Presence

The ability to “own” the stage, of the Speaker being able to fill the space and project his/ her personality to the Audience—that is stage presence. The opposite of stage presence is stage fright, which is considered by many as the topmost fear in the world of public speaking! But instead of trying to get rid of stage fright (which cannot be done anyway), all that energy that is making one feel shaky and nervous should be used to make the Speaker become an interesting, enthusiastic speaker capable of being heard and able to move about on stage. No one is immune from stage fright. Other people just manage it better and create what we see as stage presence.

(Did the Speakers show stage presence? Cite what contributed to that.)

Fourth Principle: Facial Expressions, Gestures, and Movement

It is not just the choice of words and their proper pronunciation that make for an effective Speech delivery. The Message of any speech is reinforced, clarified, and complemented by Nonverbal Communication such as facial expressions, gestures, and movement. Without these nonverbal elements, the Speaker may be judged as boring, with flat delivery and an unemotional voice. Facial expressions should change with the content of the Speech. Gestures should emphasize only certain points. Movement should allow the Speaker to carry the Speech around, forward, and to the Audience, metaphorically speaking. It should also direct the Audience to follow the Speaker and keep them hanging on to his/her every word.

(Did the Speakers use Nonverbal Communication? Was it too much or too little?) 

Fifth Principle: Audience Rapport

It was pointed out previously that the most important aid in establishing a connection with the Listeners is an Audience Analysis. Using this data, one is able to write a Speech that would appeal to the Audience. Also because of the same data, one will know how to deliver the Message to the Audience and connect with them at a deeper level.

(How did the Speakers establish rapport with their Audience? Did it work?) 

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At the end of this module, I can use the principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation; modulation; stage presence; facial expressions, gestures, and movements; rapport with the audience; and appropriate use of audiovisual aids.

Having written a relevant and well-organized speech is not enough; you must also be able to deliver it well for it to be effective. Otherwise, your well-written speech will be for naught. A speech is best delivered with clear and correct articulation and well-enunciated words in a properly modulated voice. A good delivery also requires a good command of the stage through appropriate clothing, gestures, body movement, and other nonverbal cues. In addition, a good delivery makes use of appropriate audiovisual aids to facilitate comprehension, appreciation, and retention of information. Finally, a good delivery calls for rapport with the audience.

Keep in mind the following principles of effective speech delivery: articulation; modulation; stage presence; facial expressions, gestures, and movements; rapport with the audience; and appropriate use of audiovisual aids.

Sometimes, faulty microphones, poor facilities, and a noisy environment make the speech hard to understand. But being able to pronounce your statements properly helps you to be understood by your audience.

Moreover, articulation can also mean being able to articulate your ideas properly on a discourse level. This means that, aside from the microlevel of pronunciation or the manner in which you enunciate sounds in every syllable, you should also be able to translate your ideas into words, sentences, and paragraphs that are coherently arranged to make a point. The patterns of organization, which were discussed in the previous module, can help you articulate your ideas properly.

Proper delivery starts with confidence. However, you must bear in mind that confidence is different from rude boldness.

Reflect Upon

How is proper articulation helpful in effective communication?

Do you notice how hosts of radio programs have well-modulated voices? They have to hone their skill of inflecting their voice pitch or tone so that they can pronounce words more clearly and sound good to their listeners. No one likes to listen at length to a high-pitched, shrill, or squeaky voice as this hurts the ears. Practice will make your voice sound better. Listen to good examples of modulated voices to learn the difference and start inflecting your own voice and pitch to sound better.

Try some tongue twisters to practice pronunciation. Vocal calisthenics can also help in articulation and modulation.

Some people seem to command attention by just showing up onstage. They are good-looking or physically imposing so people cannot help but notice them. Even if you do not possess these physical traits, you can still command attention and have stage presence by grooming, dressing up, and, most importantly, speaking well. You can develop an impressive style of speaking so that your audience cannot help but listen to you. Your voice should sound good and your command of the language must be excellent. Your knowledge of the topic should be credible and extensive. These are but a few of the things that you can enhance in order to have a strong stage presence.

Practice in front of a mirror to establish your stage presence. Study your facial expressions and use them to build rapport with your listeners. Try to avoid doing your mannerisms.

Just like facial expressions, gestures can communicate more than your words do. Use gestures and body movements to call attention to ideas, to emphasize words, and to highlight a point, among others. However, too many gestures and body movements, might be seen as theatrical and insincere and could even distract your audience from understanding your message.

As part of the audience, how would you feel if the speaker standing onstage has poor posture and seems timid?

What Have I Learned So Far?

What facial expressions, gestures, modulation, and articulation are appropriate when delivering the following lines? Demonstrate them in class. You can search the lines online to understand the context of each one.

Cannon to left of them,

Cannon in front of them

Volleyed and thundered;” (from “Charge of the Light Brigade” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson)

Here are some ways to establish rapport with the audience:

Rapport is important even in other communication situations and contexts. It is always advisable to make your first impression last.

Identify the principle of speech delivery to which the following elements belong.

Beyond Walls 17.1 Go Online

Declamation pieces are helpful to practice speech delivery. Go to https://www.scribd.com/doc/175697010/Ballad-of-a-Mother-s-Heart-Verse-Choir-Piece for a copy of “Ballad of a Mother’s Heart.” Memorize the piece and prepare to present your declamation in front of the class. Apply the principles of speech delivery in your performance.

Which is more important, a well-written speech or a well-delivered one? Why do you think so?

Beyond Walls 17.2 Apply It in Real Life

Track: Academic

As an expert anthropologist from the top university of the country, you are always invited in TV shows to share your expert opinion about different phenomena related to the Filipino ways of life. After seeing you on TV, teachers from your alma mater invited you to share your expertise to the students of your former high school. They asked you to deliver a speech about cognitive dissonance among Filipinos in time for the Media Literacy Month. Using the speech that you have written about the given topic, prepare to deliver it. Make sure to be critical of how you can apply the principles of speech delivery in your public speaking engagement so that you can communicate effectively with your young audience.

Evaluate the speech delivery of one of your classmates based on the principles of speech delivery. Write comments or constructive criticisms. Your comments will be evaluated based on your understanding of the principles.

Name of Speaker:                 

Extend Your Knowledge

Visual aids are very important in both informative and persuasive speeches. Visit the following websites to know how experts, like the late Steve Jobs, successfully used visuals to sell his products.

Essential Learning

To give justice to a well-written speech, you must clearly and accurately articulate your message by pronouncing words clearly and correctly in a well-modulated voice. As you speak, it helps to ensure that your facial expressions, gestures, and body movements complement and enhance your verbal message. With good grooming and appropriate clothing, your use of voice, language, and nonverbal communication skills would help you command a stage presence that demonstrates confidence in your credibility and your message. You should also aim to develop good rapport with your audience not only to encourage them to listen to your message but also to ensure a pleasant and lively experience with them. To achieve such an experience, draw your audience into your speech by talking to them sincerely, good-naturedly, and politely, rather than simply stating your message. Finally, deliver your message with appropriate and well-prepared audiovisual aids to help your audience easily grasp, appreciate, and retain the content of your speech.

Practicing articulation and enhancing your communication skills will always be useful in your endeavors in life that require social interaction, whether minimal or extensive. If you speak clearly, fluently, and engagingly in whatever language you choose to communicating, more opportunities will come your way in the form of jobs and successful social relations.

Oral Communication in Context Module: Principles of Speech Delivery

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.

After learning the different principles, techniques and process in writing, setting a very clear objective you should have in your writing speech, using the principles of effective speech writing and exhibiting appropriate verbal and non – verbal behavior in a given speech context, you are now ready to deliver an effective speech.

Think of a speaker that one has heard and seen. Why do you think the audience would like speech? Is it the speaker’s confidence, articulation or pronunciation of words, appearance, or mastery of the language? All these answers are definitely correct. A good speaker has to have a clear voice and utter words understandably with the audience. The speaker also uses the right facial expressions and appropriate gestures. However, a great speaker talked directly to the audience with a convincing proposition and eye to eye contact. The speaker also moves with confidence on stage showing mastery of Public Communication. In this module, the learners are expected to understand wholeheartedly the principles of speech delivery.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. practice articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements and rapport with the audience; and

2. deliver a speech in an audience observing the principles of effective speech delivery learned.

Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 Self-Learning Module: Principles of Speech Delivery

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