animal behavior essay title

162 Best Animal Research Topics To Nail Your Paper In 2023

The world is filled with living things. There are some animals that we know about, some that we will discover, and there are many that we might never know about. All our knowledge about animals is mostly dependant on researchers. Well, we are rooting for you to be the next great researcher. Be it zoology, veterinary, or live wild stock, your study needs a research topic. If you’re looking for the best animal research topics to nail this year, we’re here with your help.

Table of Contents

Best Animal Research Topics

We have 162 Animal Research Topics that will help you get the best grades this year.

Physiology of Animals Research Topics

• Description of the knowledge required to work in animal physiology
• Study of animal species with different specialties in the sciences of nature and life
• Life sciences and socioeconomic impacts
• Neurulation appendages birds
• Exercises on gastrulation and neurulation
• Gastrulation amphibians birds
• Fertilization segmentation in the sea species
• Gametogenesis: A Detailed Introduction
• Study of Delimitation: bird appendages
• Particularities of the developmental biology of certain species
• Technical-commercial animal physiology
• Terrestrial and marine ecosystems
• Animal biology and forensic science: Is there a connection?
• Animal Biology Biotechnology and molecules of interest regarding food and industry
• The interest in biology in the diagnosis of animal and plant diseases
• Toxicology and environmental health concerns in animal physiology
• Animal and plant production
• Fundamentals of animal physiology research and analysis
• Behavior and evolution Genetics of behavior in animals
• Adaptation and evolution of behavior
• Comparative studies of general ecology, zoology, and animal physiology
• Study of animals about the conditions prevailing in their immediate environment
• Endocrine and neuroendocrine systems in animals
• Studying the nervous systems in birds
• Genitals and reproductive physiology of birds
• Understanding of the anatomical and functional particularities of invertebrates
• Biology and physiology of invertebrates
• Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees
• Morpho-anatomical arguments and the importance of fossils
• Argued classification of animals
• Study of the evolution of living organisms by making updates on recent advances in Animalia
• Phylogeny and animal evolution
• Principles of echolocation in the bats
• Possible evolution of the increase in complexity of the primitive nervous system
• The nervous system of the insect
• Circulation in animal physiology
• Animals without a differentiated circulatory system
• Water and mineral balance in animals
• Thermoregulation in animals
• Musculoskeletal system in animals
• Study of animal blood
• Biological rhythms of animals
• Skin and teguments of mammals
• Animal nutrition and metabolism
• Hormones and endocrine system of animals
• Emerging organic pollutants
• Mechanisms of toxicity in animals
• Animal physiology in animals from temperate regions
• Genetic correlations between animal species
• Animal communities, forest ecology, and forest birds
• Wildlife-habitat modeling

Looking for research topics in general? Read 402  General Research Paper Topics

Animal Research Topics For Student

• Impact of the agricultural raw materials crisis on the marketing of livestock feed
• Analysis of the competitiveness of poultry produced in the USA
• Animal cruelty in USA and European countries
• Seroprevalence of neosporosis in cattle herds
• The peri-urban dairy sector
• Effect of the liberalization of the veterinary profession on the vaccination coverage of livestock
• Why do people kill animals? The psyche behind animal cruelty
• Evaluation of the growth performance of three sheep breeds
• Study on the protection of terrestrial ecosystems
• Ecology of African dung beetles
• Effects of road infrastructure on wildlife in developing countries
• Analysis of the consequences of climate change related to pastoral livestock
• Strategies for management in the animal feed sector
• The feeding behavior of mosquitoes
• Bee learning and memory
• Immediate response to the animal cruelty
• Study of mass migration of land birds over the ocean
• A study of crocodile evolution
• The cockroach escape system
• The resistance of cockroaches against radiation: Myth or fact?
• Temperature regulation in the honey bee swarm
• Irresponsible dog breeding can often lead to an excess of stray dogs and animal cruelty
• Reliable communication signals in birds

Also see:  How to Write an 8 Page Research Paper ?

Animal Research Topics For University

• Color patterns of moths and moths
• Mimicry in the sexual signals of fireflies
• Ecophysiology of the garter snake
• Memory, dreams regarding cat neurology
• Spatiotemporal variation in the composition of animal communities
• Detection of prey in the sand scorpion
• Internal rhythms in bird migration
• Genealogy: Giant Panda
• Animal dissection: Severe type of animal cruelty and a huge blow to animal rights
• Cuckoo coevolution and patterns
• Use of plant extracts from Amazonian plants for the design of integrated pest management
• Research on flying field bug
• The usefulness of mosquitoes in biological control serves to isolate viruses
• Habitat use by the Mediterranean Ant
• Genetic structure of the  African golden wolf  based on its habitat
• Birds body odor on their interaction with mosquitoes and parasites
• The role of ecology in the evolution of coloration in owls
• The invasion of the red swamp crayfish
• Molecular taxonomy and biogeography of caprellids
• Bats of Mexico and United States
• What can animal rights NGOs do in case of animal cruelty during animal testing initiatives?

Or you can try 297 High School Research Paper Topics to Top The Class

Controversial Animal Research Topics

• Is it okay to adopt an animal for experimentation?
• The authorization procedures on animals for scientific experiments
• The objective of total elimination of animal testing
• Are there concrete examples of successful scientific advances resulting from animal experimentation?
• Animal rights for exotic animals: Protection of forests and wildlife
• How can animal rights help the endangered animals
• Animal experimentations are a type of animal cruelty: A detailed analysis
• Animal testing: encouraging the use of alternative methods
• Use of animals for the evaluation of chemical substances
• Holding seminars on the protection of animals
• Measures to take against animal cruelty
• Scientific research on marine life
• Scientific experiments on animals for medical research
• Experimentation on great apes
• Toxicological tests and other safety studies on chemical substances
• Why isn’t research done directly on humans rather than animals?
• Are animals necessary to approve new drugs and new medical technologies?
• Are the results of animal experiments transferable to humans?
• Humans are not animals, which is why animal research is not effective
• What medical advances have been made possible by animal testing?
• Animals never leave laboratories alive
• Scientific interest does not motivate the use of animal research
• Animal research is torture 
• How can a layperson work against the animal testing?

Every crime is a controversy too, right? Here are some juicy  Criminal Justice Research Paper Topics  as well.

Animal Research Topics: Animal Rights

• Growing awareness of the animal suffering generated by these experiments
• What are the alternatives to animal testing?
• Who takes care of animal welfare?
• Major global organizations working for animal rights
• Animal rights in developing countries
• International animal rights standards to work against animal cruelty
• Animal cruelty in developing countries
• What can a layperson do when seeing animal cruelty
• Role of society in the prevention of animal cruelty
• Animal welfare and animal rights: measures taken against animal cruelty in developing countries
• Animal cruelty in the name of science
• How can we raise a better, empathetic and warm-hearted children to put a stop to animal cruelty
• Ethical animal testing methods with safety
• Are efforts being made to reduce the number of animals used?
• The welfare of donkeys and their socioeconomic roles in the subcontinent
• Animal cruelty and superstitious conceptions of dogs, cats, and donkeys in subcontinent
• Efforts made by international organizations against the tragedy of animal cruelty
• International organizations working for animal welfare
• Animal abuse: What are the immediate measures to take when we see animal cruelty
• Efforts to stop animal abuse in South Asian Countries
• Animal abuse in the name of biomedical research

Talking about social causes, let’s have a look at social work topics too: 206  Social Work Research Topics

Interesting Animal Research Topics

• The urbanization process and its effect on the dispersal of birds:
• Patterns of diversification in Neotropical amphibians
• Interactions between non-native parrot species
• Impact of landscape anthropization dynamics and wild birds’ health
• Habitat-driven diversification in small mammals
• Seasonal fluctuations and life cycles of amphipods
• Animal cruelty in African countries
• Evolution of the environmental niche of amphibians
• Biological studies on Louisiana crawfish
• Biological studies on Pink bollworm
• Biological studies on snails
• Biological studies on Bush Crickets
• Biological studies on Mountain Gorillas
• Biological studies on piranha
• Consequences of mosquito feeding
• Birds as bioindicators of environmental health
• Biological studies on victoria crowned pigeon
• Biological studies on black rhinoceros
• Biological studies on European spider
• Biological studies on dumbo octopus
• Biological studies on markhor
• Study of genetic and demographic variation in amphibian populations
• Ecology and population dynamics of the blackberry turtle
• Small-scale population differentiation in ecological and evolutionary mechanisms
• Challenges in vulture conservation

Also interesting: 232  Chemistry Research Topics  To Make Your Neurochemicals Dance

Submarine Animals Research Topics

• The physiology behind the luminous fish
• A study of Fish population dynamics
• Study of insects on the surface of the water
• Structure and function of schools of fish
• Physiological ecology of whales and dolphins
• Form and function in fish locomotion
• Why do whales and dolphins jump?
• Impact of Noise on Early Development and Hearing in Zebrafish
• Animal cruelty against marine life on the hand of fishermen

Read More:  Accounting Research Topics

Animal Biology Research Topics

• Systematic and zoogeographical study of the ocellated lizards
• Morphological study of neuro histogenesis in the diencephalon of the chick embryo
• Anatomical study of three species of Nudibranch
• The adaptive strategy of two species of lagomorphs
• The Black vulture: population, general biology, and interactions with other birds
• Ocellated lizards: their phylogeny and taxonomy
• Studies on the behavior of ocellated lizards in captivity
• Comparative studies of the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards
• Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards
• The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of ocellated lizards
• Research on the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards
• Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards in their natural environment
• Comparative studies of the egg-laying and egg-hatching methods of ocellated lizards in different countries
• Studies on the ecology and behavior of ocellated lizards in their natural environment in the light of evolutionary and ecological insights

Animal research topics are not hard to find for you anymore. As you have already read a load of them. You can use any of them and ace your research paper, and you don’t even need to ask permission. If you are looking for a research paper writing service , be it animal research, medical research, or any sort of research, you can contact us 24/7.

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AP®︎/College Biology

Course: ap®︎/college biology   >   unit 8, intro to animal behavior.

• Innate behaviors
• Learned behaviors
• Animal communication
• Animal behavior: foraging
• Responses to the environment
• Animal behavior includes all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment.
• Behavior can also be defined as a change in the activity of an organism in response to a stimulus , an external or internal cue or combo of cues.
• To fully understand a behavior, we want to know what causes it, how it develops in an individual, how it benefits an organism, and how it evolved.
• Some behaviors are innate , or genetically hardwired, while others are learned , or developed through experience. In many cases, behaviors have both an innate component and a learned component.
• Behavior is shaped by natural selection. Many behaviors directly increase an organism's fitness, that is, they help it survive and reproduce.

Introduction

What is behavior.

• Ethology is a field of basic biology, like ecology or genetics. It focuses on the behaviors of diverse organisms in their natural environment.
• Comparative psychology is an extension of work done in human psychology. It focuses largely on a few species studied in a lab setting.

Four questions to understand a behavior

• Causation—What causes the behavior? What triggers the behavior, and what body parts, functions, and molecules are involved in carrying it out? Example: Singing is triggered in zebra finches by social cues, such as the proximity of a potential mate, as well as the appropriate hormonal state. The ability to produce songs is influenced by male hormones and occurs mainly in male birds. Songs are produced when air flows from air sacs in the bronchii through an organ called the syrinx. Certain parts of the brain control song production and are well-developed in male zebra finches.
• Development—How does the behavior develop? Is the behavior present early in life? Does it change over the course of the organism's lifetime? What experiences are necessary for its development? Example: Young male zebra finches first listen to the songs of nearby males of their species, particularly their fathers. Then, they start to practice singing. By adulthood, male zebra finches have learned to produce their own songs, which are unique but often have similarities to those of their fathers. Once a finch has perfected its song, the song remains fixed for life. A diagram of 3 zebra finches. On the bottom of the diagram is a zebra finch labeled male and to the right of it there is a zebra finch labeled female. There is a red arrow pointing from the female towards the male with the label mate above the arrow. Above the male zebra finch is a blue arrow pointing upwards towards a zebra finch with a musical note above its beak. The blue arrow is labeled tutor. From the zebra finch on the top of the diagram there is a black arrow pointing back to a musical note that is above the male finches head. Image credit: modified from Songbird species recognition by Petra Deane, CC BY 1.0
• Function/adaptive value—How does the behavior affect fitness? How does the behavior affect an organism's chances of survival and reproduction? Example: Singing helps male zebra finches attract mates, increasing the chances that they will reproduce. Singing is part of an elaborate courtship ritual that entices the female to choose the male.
• Phylogeny—How did the behavior evolve? How does the behavior compare to those of related species? Why might it have evolved as it did? Example: Almost all species of birds can make vocal sounds, but only those in the suborder Passeri are songbirds. Relative to the zebra finch, other songbird species differ in the timing of their listening and practicing phases, the plasticity of song over their lifetimes, the extent to which the song is similar among individuals of the species, and the way that singing is used—for example, for defense of territory vs. courtship of mates.

Cues that trigger behavior

• In hibernation , an animal goes into a den or burrow, reduces its metabolic rate, and enters a state of inactivity during the winter, conserving resources while conditions are harsh and food is scarce. Environmental cues often trigger hibernation behavior. For instance, brown bears enter their den and hibernate when temperature drops to 0 o ‍   C and snowfall begins. 2 ‍  
• Estivation is similar to hibernation, but it occurs during the summer months. Some desert animals estivate in response to dry conditions. This shift helps them survive the harshest months of the year. 3 ‍   The snails in the photo below climb to the tops of fence posts to estivate. A photograph of a row of fence posts along a gravel road. At the top of the fence posts are several snails attached. Image credit: Kadina snails climb fence by Vladimir Menkov, CC BY-SA 4.0
• Migration is a behavior in which animals move from one location to another in a seasonal pattern. For instance, monarch butterflies living in the northern and central United States migrate to Mexico in the autumn, where they spend the winter. Environmental cues that trigger the autumn migration include air temperature, day length, and food availability. 4 ‍  

Innate vs. learned behaviors

• Innate behaviors are genetically hardwired and are inherited by an organism from its parents.
• Learned behaviors are not inherited. They develop during an organism's lifetime as the result of experience and environmental influence.

Mostly innate behaviors

Partly innate, partly learned behaviors, mostly learned behaviors, check your understanding.

• (Choice A)   Innate A Innate
• (Choice B)   Learned B Learned
• (Choice C)   Mostly learned, with a small innate component C Mostly learned, with a small innate component

Natural selection shapes behavior.

• Baby birds of many species instinctively open their mouths for food when the mother returns to the nest. 8 ‍   Birds with this heritable behavior will tend to get fed more—and thus survive to adulthood more—than those that don’t.
• Mother greylag geese instinctively roll eggs back into the nest if they fall out. 8 ‍   Geese with this heritable behavior will tend to have more offspring that survive to hatch than geese without the behavior.
• Zebra finch males learn songs while they are juveniles, young birds, and they use these songs in courtship rituals. Birds with the heritable tendency to learn a song will obtain a mate more often than those that don't.

Attribution

• Behavioral biology: Proximate and ultimate causes of behavior " by OpenStax College, Biology, CC BY 4.0 ; download the original article for free at http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]
• Animal behavior " by Douglas Wilkin and Jean Brainard, CK-12 Foundation, CC BY-NC 3.0
• Evolution of animal behavior " by Douglas Wilkin and Jean Brainard, CK-12 Foundation, CC BY-NC 3.0

Works cited

• William K. Purves, David E. Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, and H. Craig Heller, "Animal Behavior," in Life: The Science of Biology , 7th ed. (Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2003), 1007.
• A. L. Evans, N. J. Singh, A. Friebe, J. M. Arnemo, T. G. Laske, O. Fröbert, J. E. Swenson, and S. Blanc, "Drivers of hibernation in the brown bear," Front. Zool. 13, no. 7 (2016): 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-016-0140-6 .
• P. C. Withers and C. E. Cooper, "Dormancy," in Encyclopedia of Ecology (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008), 956.
• "Migration," Monarch Lab, accessed July 13, 2016, http://monarchlab.org/biology-and-research/biology-and-natural-history/migration/ .
• John W. Kimball, "Innate Behavior," Kimball's Biology Pages, last modified April 19, 2014, http://www.biology-pages.info/I/InnateBehavior.html .
• Douglas Wilkin and Jean Brainard, "Learned Behavior in Animals - Advanced," CK-12 Foundation, last modified March 23, 2016, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Advanced-Concepts/section/14.7/ .
• Jesse N. Weber, Brant K. Peterson, and Hopi E. Hoekstra, "Discrete Genetic Modules Are Responsible for Complex Burrow Evolution in Peromyscus Mice," Nature 473 (2013): 402-405, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325221 .
• Douglas Wilkin and Jean Brainard, "Innate Behavior in Animals - Advanced," CK-12 Foundation, last modified March 23, 2016, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Advanced-Concepts/section/14.6/ .
• "Alarm Signal," Wikipedia, last modified April 12, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_signal .

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Animal Behaviour: A Very Short Introduction

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How animals behave is crucial to their survival and reproduction. Animal Behaviour: A Very Short Introduction discusses how animal behaviour has evolved, how behaviours develop in each individual (considering the interplay of genes, epigenetics, and experience), how we can understand animal societies, and how we can explain collective behaviour such as swirling flocks of starlings. The application of new molecular tools, such as DNA fingerprinting and genomics, and developments in computing and image analysis are causing a revolution in the study of animal behaviour. Combining these methods with field studies, it looks at mammals, butterflies, honeybees, fish, and birds, analysing what drives behaviour, and exploring instinct, learning, and culture.

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Psychology Discussion

Essay on animal behaviour: top 6 essays | psychology.

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Essay on Animal Behaviour

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• Essay on the Control of Animal Behaviour

Essay # 1. Meaning and Approaches to Animal Behaviour:

Animal behaviour refers to the activities that animals perform during their lifetime, including locomotion, feeding, breeding, capture of prey, avoidance of predators, and social behaviour. Animals send signals, respond to signals or stimuli, carry out maintenance behaviour, make choices, and interact with one another.

Naturalists and philosophers have observed animal behaviour for centuries. Only in the last century, however, has there been significant progress in understanding this behaviour. One approach to the study of animal behaviour is comparative psychology. Comparative psychologists emphasize studies of the genetic, neural, and hormonal bases of animal behaviour.

Psychologists conduct experimental studies, in both laboratory and field settings, that relate to animal learning and to the development of behaviour. They explore how animals receive information, and the processes and nature of the behaviour patterns constituting the animals’ responses to their surroundings.

Ethology (derived from Greek word ethologica, means depicting character) is the study of animal behaviour that focuses on evolution and the natural environment. The leaders of this approach have been Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen, and Karl von Frisch, who were awarded the No­bel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973.

Ethologists observe the behaviour of a variety of animals in their natural environments and study the behaviour of closely related species to consider the evolution and origin of certain behaviour patterns. Ethologists rarely deal with learning and are interested instead in animal communication, mating behaviour, and social behaviour.

Behavioural ecology emphasizes the ecological aspects of animal behaviour. Predator-prey interactions, foraging strategies, reproductive strategies, habitat selection, intraspecific and interspecific competition, and social behaviour are topics of interest to behavioural ecologists. Sociobiology is the study of the evolution of social behaviour. It combines many aspects of ethology and behavioural ecology. Sociobiologists emphasize the importance of natural selection on individuals living in groups.

Behavioural scientists frequently ask, “Why do animals do what they do?” More immediate ecological and physiological causes of behaviour, such as eating to satisfy hunger, are called proximate causes. Another level of causation in behaviour occurs on the evolutionary time scale and is that of ultimate causes. For example, a display not only attracts a mate, but also increases the likelihood of passing genetic information to the next generation.

Essay # 2. Application of Animal Behaviour:

Anthropomorphism is the application of human characteri­stics to anything not human. In observations of animals, assigning human feelings to animal behaviour is not likely to be accurate, especially with invertebrate animals. Consider the example of placing an earthworm on a fish­hook.

Does the fishhook hurt the earthworm, causing it to writhe in pain? Both of the descriptive words, hurt and pain are based on human experience and conscious awareness. A better explanation that reduces the anthropomorphic interpretation is that placing the earthworm on the hook stimulates certain receptors which generate nerve impulses that travel along reflex neural circuits.

The impulses stimulate muscles that allow the worm to wriggle in an attempt to escape from the hook. This explanation more closely describes what has been observed and does not attempt to suggest what the earthworm “feels.”

Essay # 3. Development of Animal Behaviour:

Development of a normal behaviour pattern requires the genes that code for the formation of the structures and organs involved in the behaviour. For example, in vertebrates, normal locomotion movements will not occur without proper development and growth of the limbs. This process requires some interaction with the animals’ environment because proper nourishment, water balance, and other factors must be maintained for normal development.

i. Maturation:

Some behaviour patterns appear only after a specific developmental stage or time. During maturation, performance of the behaviour pattern improves as parts of the nervous system and other structures complete development. A classic example is tail movement in frog embryos that are near hatching.

While still in the egg membranes, they start moving their tails as they would if they were swimming, and movement coordination improves with time. These improved movements are due to maturation, not practice or experience.

ii. Instinct/Learning Interactions:

In recent years, many behavioural scientists have concluded that both instinct and learning are important in animal behaviour. Interaction of inherited (i.e., instinctive) and learned components shapes a number of behaviour patterns. For example, young bobcats raised in isolation without the chance to catch live prey did not attack a white rat placed with them, unless the rat tried to escape.

At first, their attacks were not efficient, but after some experience, they were seizing prey by the neck and rapidly killing them. Apparently, learning refines inherited components of this behaviour.

Under normal conditions, the learning or experiences occur during play with littermates. Another example involving instinctive and learned components to behaviour is the nut-cracking behaviour of squirrels. Squirrels gnaw and pry to open a nut. Inexperienced squirrels are not efficient; they gnaw and pry at random on the nut. Experienced squirrels, however, gnaw a furrow on the broad side and then wedge their lower incisors into the furrow and crack the nut open.

iii. Imprinting:

During imprinting, a young animal develops an attachment toward another animal or object. The attachment usually forms only during a specific critical period soon after hatching or birth and is not reversible. Imprinting is a rapid learning process that apparently occurs without reinforcement.

Konrad Lorenz conducted experiments with geese in which he allowed the geese to imprint on him. The goslings followed him as though he was their mother. In nature, many species of birds in which the young follow the parent soon after birth use imprinting so that the young can identify with or recognize their parent(s). They can then be led successfully to the nest or to water. Both visual and auditory cues are important in imprinting systems.

Essay # 4. Role of Learning in Animal Behaviour:

Learning produces changes in the behaviour of an individual that are due to experience. Learning is adaptive because it allows an animal to respond quickly to changes in its environment. Once an animal learns something, its behavioural choices increase. An animal’s ability to learn may correlate with the predictability of certain characteristics of its environment.

Where certain changes in the habitat occur regularly and are predictable, the animal may rapidly respond to a stimulus with an unmodified instinctive behaviour. An animal would not necessarily benefit from learning in this situation. However, where certain environmental changes are unpredictable and cannot be anticipated, an animal may modify its behavioural responses through learning or experience.

This modification is adaptive because it allows an animal to not only change its response to fit a given situation, but also to improve its response to subsequent, similar environmental changes. Several different categories of learning have been identified, ranging from habituation (the simplest form of learning) to insight learning (the most complex form) that involves cognitive processes.

i. Habituation:

Habituation is the simplest and perhaps most common type of behaviour in many different animals. Habituation involves a waning or decrease in response to repeated or continuous stimulation. Simply, an animal learns not to respond to stimuli in its environment that are constant and probably relatively unimportant.

By habituating to unimportant stimuli, an animal conserves energy and time that are better spent on other important functions. For example, after time, birds learn to ignore scarecrows that previously caused them to flee. Squirrels in a city park adjust to the movements of humans and automobiles.

If the stimulus is withheld, then the response returns rapidly. Habituation does not involve any conditioning. Habituation is believed to be controlled through the central nervous system and should be distinguished from sensory adaptation. Sensory adaptation involves repeated stimulation of receptors until they stop responding. For example, if you enter a room with an unusual odour, your olfactory sense organs soon stop responding to these odours.

ii. Classical Conditioning:

In his classic experiment on the salivary reflex in dogs, Pavlov presented food right after the sound of a bell. After a number of such presentations, the dogs were conditioned— they associated the sound of the bell with food. It was then possible to elicit the dog’s usual response to food— salivation—with just the sound of the bell.

The food was a positive reinforcement for salivating behaviour, but responses could also be conditioned using negative reinforcement. Classical conditioning is very common in the animal kingdom. For example, birds learn to avoid certain brightly coloured caterpillars that have a noxious taste. Because birds associate the colour pattern with the bad taste, they may also avoid animals, with a similar colour pattern.

iii. Instrumental Conditioning:

In instrumental conditioning (also known as trial-and-error learning), the animal learns while carrying out certain searching actions, such as walking and moving about. For example, if the animal finds food during these activities, the food reinforces the behaviour, and the animal associates the reward with the behaviour. If this association is repeated several times, the animal learns that the behaviour leads to reinforcement.

A classic example of instrumental conditioning is that of a rat in a “Skinner box,” developed by B. F. Skinner, a prominent psychologist. When placed in the box, the rat begins to explore. It moves all about the box and, by accident, eventually presses a lever and is rewarded with a food pellet.

Because food rewards are provided each time the rat presses the lever, the rat associates the reward with the behaviour. Through repetition, the rat learns to press the lever right away to receive the reward. In this type of learning, the animal is instrumental in providing its own reinforcement.

In instrumental conditioning, providing the reinforcement (food) whenever the animal comes close to the lever and continuing to supply reinforcement when the animal touches the lever “shapes” the behaviour. Finally, the animal learns to press the lever to obtain food.

Young animals’ attempts to learn new motor patterns often involve instrumental conditioning. A young bird learning to fly or a young mammal at play may improve coordination of certain movements or behaviour patterns by practice during these activities.

iv. Latent Learning:

Latent learning, sometimes called exploratory learning, involves making associations without immediate reinforcement or reward. The reward is not obvious. An animal is apparently motivated, however, to learn about its surroundings. For example, if a rat is placed in a maze that has no food or reward, it explores the maze, although rather slowly.

If food or another reward is provided, the rat quickly runs the maze. Apparently, previous learning of the maze had occurred but remained latent, or hidden, until an obvious reinforcement was provided. Latent learning allows an animal to learn about its surroundings as it explores. Knowledge about an animal’s home area may be important for its survival, perhaps enabling it to escape from a predator or capture prey.

v. Insight Learning:

In insight learning, the animal uses cognitive or mental processes to associate experiences and solve problems. The classic example is the work of Wolfgang Kohler on chimpanzees that were trained to use tools to obtain food rewards.

One chimpanzee was given some bamboo poles that could be joined to make a longer pole, and some bananas were hung from the ceiling. Once the chimp formed the longer pole, it used the pole to knock the bananas to the cage floor. Kohler believed that the animal used insight learning to get the bananas.

In addition, Jane van Lawick-Goodall has observed chimpanzees in the wild using tools to accomplish various tasks. For example, they use crumpled leaves as a sponge for drinking water.

Essay # 5. Impact of Communication in Animal Behaviour:

Communication is the transfer of information from one animal to another. It requires a sender and receiver that are mutually adapted to each other. The animal acting as the sender must send a clear signal to the receiver. Communication can occur within species (intraspecific) or between species (interspecific).

Intraspecific communication in animals is especially important for reproductive success. Examples of interspecific communication include warning signals, such as the rattle of a rattlesnake’s tail and the skunk’s presentation of its hindquarters and tail.

Animals use a variety of modalities for communication, including visual, auditory, tactile, and chemical signals. Natural selection has influenced the characteristics of a signal system. Animals have evolved combinations of signals that may be more effective than any single signal.

i. Visual Communication:

Visual communication is important to many animals because a large amount of information can be conveyed in a short time. Most animals (e.g., cephalopod molluscs, arthropods, and most vertebrates other than mammals) with well-developed eyes have colour vision. Many fishes, reptiles, and birds exhibit brilliant colour patterns that usually have a signaling function.

Most mammals have plain, darker colours and lack colour vision because they are nocturnal, as were their probable ancestors-nocturnal insectivores. Primates are a notable exception in that they have both colour vision and colourful displays. A visual signal may be present at all times, as are the bright facial markings of a male mandrill.

The signal may be hidden or located on a less exposed part of an animal’s body, and then suddenly presented. Some lizards, such as green anoles, can actually change their colour through activities of pigment cells in the skin.

ii. Acoustic Communication:

Arthropods and vertebrates commonly use acoustic or sound communication. These animals must expend energy to produce sounds, but sounds can be used during night or day. Sound waves also have the advantage of travelling around objects, and may be produced or received while an animal is in the open or concealed.

Acoustic communication systems are closely adapted to the environmental conditions in which they are used and the function of the signal. For example, tropical forest birds produce low-frequency calls that pass easily through dense vegetation. Many primates in tropical forests produce sounds that, travel over long distances.

Other examples include the calls of territorial birds that sit on a high perch to deliver the signal more effectively and the alarm calls of many small species of birds. Some of the more complex acoustic signals that have been studied are birdsong and human speech.

iii. Tactile Communication:

Tactile communication refers to the communication between animals in physical contact with each other. The antennae of many invertebrates and the touch receptors in the skin of vertebrates function in tactile communication. Some examples of tactile communication are birds preening the feathers of other birds and primates grooming each other.

iv. Chemical Communication:

Chemical communication is another common mode of communication. Unicellular organisms with chemoreceptors can recognize members of their own species. Chemical signals are well-developed in insects, fishes, salamanders, and mammals.

Advantages of chemical signals are that they:

(i) Usually provide a simple message that can last for hours or days;

(ii) Are effective night or day;

(iii) Can pass around objects;

(iv) May be transported over long distances; and

(v) Take relatively little energy to produce.

Disadvantages of chemical signals are that they cannot be changed quickly and are slow to act.

Chemicals that are synthesized by one organism and that affect the behaviour of another member of the same species are called pheromones. Olfactory receptors in the receiving animal usually detect chemical signals. Many animals mark their territories by depositing odours that act as chemical signals to other animals of the same species.

For example, many male mammals mark specific points in their territories with pheromones that warn other males of their presence in the area. The same pheromones may also attract females that are in breeding condition. Differences in the chemical structure of pheromones may be directly related to their function.

Pheromones used for marking territories and attracting mates usually last longer because of their higher molecular weights. Airborne signals have lower molecular weights and disperse easily. For example, the sex attractant pheromones of female moths who are ready to mate are airborne, and males several kilometers away can detect them.

Essay # 6. Control of Animal Behaviour:

Internal mechanisms (proximate causes) that include the nervous system and the endocrine system regulate animal behaviour. These systems receive information from the external environment via the sensory organs, process that information involving the brain and the endocrine glands, and initiate responses in terms of motor patterns or changes in the operations of internal organs. In general, the nervous system mediates more specific and rapid responses, while the endocrine system monitors slower, more general responses.

i. Nervous Systems:

The structure of the nervous systems found in animals, and how the various parts function. The goal here is to examine the ways in which the nervous system is involved in behaviour. One key role for the nervous system is to act as a stimulus filter. Stimuli from many sources continuously bombard each organism.

The sensory organs and central nervous system of the animal block incoming stimuli that are unimportant or irrelevant. The information that passes through the sensory filters is then sorted and processed within the nervous system to ensure appropriate responses.

The manner in which blowflies feed illustrates how the nervous system mediates behaviour. The blowfly has special sensory receptors on its feet. As the fly moves around and encounters different substrates, the receptors can detect the presence of certain sugars.

The information from the feet is processed in the fly’s nervous system and results in the extension of the proboscis, which, in turn, stimulates the oral taste receptors, and the fly begins to feed. How does the fly know when to stop feeding? Without some feedback mechanism, the fly could continue to consume the sugar solution until it burst! Receptors in the blowfly’s foregut send a message to the fly’s brain when the foregut swells sufficiently.

The message is relayed to the nerves that control the feeding response, halting further intake of the sugar solution. Another example of how the nervous system regulates behaviour concerns the control of aggressive behaviour in rhesus monkeys. In one study, researchers identified the dominant male monkey in a group of four to six animals and then surgically implanted electrodes into the monkey’s brain regions involved in either eliciting or inhibiting aggressive behaviour.

Mild electrical stimulation to the monkey’s brain produced either aggressive or passive behaviours, depending on which electrode sent the message. The other monkeys in the group also could be trained to press a lever whenever the dominant monkey became aggressive. Pressing the lever sent a message to the brain of the dominant male that inhibited his aggression.

ii. Endocrine System:

In animals, the endocrine system is closely interrelated with the nervous system. Many receptors located on neurons in the brain or central nervous systems are specialized for receiving input from hormones. In addition, the brain communicates with the endocrine system via neurons, such as the connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of vertebrates.

Other endocrine glands (e.g., the adrenals and gonads) are located throughout the body of the organism. Hormones, the products from the endocrine glands, affect behaviour in two major ways- organizational effects and activational effects.

Organizational effects of hormones occur during development and are particularly important for sex differentiation. These effects involve the presence of hormones and critical time periods during which the developmental pathways for specific brain regions and developing gonadal tissues are influenced to become either female- or male-like.

The major effect is such that at about the middle of gestation in most male mammalian embryos (e.g., guinea pigs, monkeys), the testes produce a surge of male hormone (testosterone). This organizes both other developing tissues and certain regions of the brain.

In the absence of a testosterone surge, female embryos develop more female-like characteristics in terms of external anatomy and brain regions important for sex differences. Genes normally turn on the production and release of testosterone in the tissues of the developing animal, but sometimes, the testosterone comes from an external source.

In cattle, a female embryo is masculinized if her twin is a male fetus. When his system turns on and releases testosterone during gestation, some of that hormone crosses over to affect the developing female. The result is a freemartin, a sterile heifer that exhibits a number of male like behaviour patterns.

In humans, some hormone treatments that used to be given to pregnant women who were in danger of losing their fetus resulted in masculinization of female embryos because the hormones injected as a medical treatment were converted to and acted like testosterone within the embryo.

Activational effects of hormones occur when an external stimulus triggers a hormonally mediated response by the organism. Many male fishes change colour patterns when their territory boundary is threatened; the colour change is a prelude to potentially aggressive behaviour to defend the territory.

Many animals, including domestic cats, roosters, and mice, lose their aggressive fighting ability after castration (removal of the gonads). The gonads are the source of testosterone, which stimulates particular brain receptors to produce aggression.

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Essay , Psychology , Animal Behaviour , Essay on Animal Behaviour

Animal Behaviour

An Evolutionary Perspective

• © 2021
• Peter M. Kappeler 0

Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Offers a comprehensive introduction to behavioral biology

Explains fundamental principles and illustrates them with specific examples

Sets all aspects of animal behavior into a coherent framework

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Table of contents (14 chapters)

Front matter, behavioural biology: content and history.

Peter M. Kappeler

Methods and Concepts of Behavioural Biology

Behaviour, evolution and life histories, basic functions and behaviour, orientation in time and space, habitat and food selection, sexual selection: evolutionary foundations, intrasexual selection: how males compete, intersexual selection: how females choose, parental care, development and control of behaviour, social systems, social structure.

• Animal behaviour
• Life histories
• Social systems
• Sociobiology
• Parental care
• Sexual selection
• Habitat use
• Orientation & navigation
• Social structure

About this book

Authors and affiliations, about the author, bibliographic information.

Book Title : Animal Behaviour

Book Subtitle : An Evolutionary Perspective

Authors : Peter M. Kappeler

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82879-0

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences , Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-82878-3 Published: 27 January 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-82879-0 Published: 26 January 2022

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : IX, 410

Number of Illustrations : 251 illustrations in colour

Topics : Zoology , Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science , Ecology , Neurosciences , Psychology, general , Biological Psychology

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For your Essay, you will use your zoo observation notes and supporting articles to answer Dr. Dolins' five (5) essay questions. Include:

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Introduction : summarizes what you will write and puts it into context

• Start the introduction with background that contextualizes the paper's main research questions (posed by Dr. Dolins in your assignment description)
• End the introduction with a thesis statement, which outlines the main points of the paper and how you will address them

Body : presents the main points of the paper, with each paragraph representing one aspect of the paper's main focus. Prioritize and organize your main points and paragraphs to logically build your evidence and answers to a compelling conclusion. Each paragraph should include a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a transition sentence:

• The topic sentence summarizes the paragraph's main idea
• Use evidence from your own zoo observation notes and supporting peer-reviewed articles to build your evidence and answers to the research questions posed by Dr. Dolins
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• Include a transition sentence at the end of each paragraph to connect what you discussed in that paragraph with the main idea of the next paragraph

Conclusion : summarizes what you wrote and what you learned

• Restate the essay questions from the introduction in different words
• Briefly summarize your main points or arguments and pull them together to answer the essay questions posed by Dr. Dolins
• End with a strong, final statement that ties the whole essay together and makes it clear the paper has come to an end
• No new ideas should be introduced in the conclusion, it should only review and analyze the main points from the body of the paper (with the exception of suggestions for further research)

References:  a list of the sources you cited

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Appendix : 

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For more writing help, contact  the Writing Center   and  make an online appointment  to meet with one of their consultants.

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Animal Behavior: APA Style Guide

What is apa style.

APA (American Psychological Association) Style is widely used in the social sciences, business, and some of the life sciences. APA Style uses brief  in-text citations in the text that refer to an alphabetical list of references appearing the end of the work.

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96 Animal Abuse Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on animal abuse, ✍️ animal abuse essay topics for college, 🎓 most interesting animal abuse research titles, 💡 simple animal abuse essay ideas, ❓ animal abuse research questions.

• Is Animal Testing Ethical: Essay Example
• Animal Testing: Benefits and Disadvantages
• The Animal Testing Problem
• Nestlé Animal Testing and Business Ethics
• The Animal Cruelty Issue and Its Causes
• Animal Use in Scientific Testing Should Be Stopped
• Animal Testing in the Modern World
• Animal Testing: Evaluation, Prediction and Risk The issue of animal testing is a complex issue. The way animal testing is conducted is changing as animal-friendly groups are lobbying for a tougher control on the discipline.
• Animal Experimentation: The Theory of Utilitarianism This moral issue concerns animal experimentation. It is related to the theory of Utilitarianism, the idea of which induces preference of practical changes over morally obstacles.
• Animal Testing and How It Should Continue It is essential to understand that animal testing should continue or find a new acceptable form as the possible benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
• Animals Testing for Cosmetic or Medical Purposes Should Not Be Allowed Experiments on animals are not a valid method either for investigating the various causes of human diseases or for developing a treatment for them.
• The Use of Animals in Psychological Experiments The method of experimentation is of great significance for multiple fields of psychology, especially for the behaviorist branch.
• Lab Experiment on Animals’ Taste or Smell Senses The hypothesis of the study is that taste perception and detection of different sugars by insects were similar to that of humans.
• Animal Experimentation: Arguments For and Against The controversy surrounding animal experimentation is a serious concern that should be addressed by considering views from both sides.
• Scientific Experiments on Animals from Ethical Perspectives This paper discusses using animals in scientific experiments from the consequentialist, Kantian deontological and Donna Yarri’s Christian character-based perspectives.
• Protection of Animals and Humans From Cruelty The raft of recommendations on protecting animals and humans from cruelty can be strengthened in many ways based on the potential shortcoming.
• Should Animals Be Used for Scientific Experiments? Unfortunately, at the moment, the use of animals in science and medicine cannot be excluded entirely. However, it is possible to conduct experiments using mathematical models.
• The Problem of Using Animals in Experimentation Testing on animals in the lab provides researchers with valuable knowledge regarding a particular disease, how it could be treated, and using which medicines.
• Animal Testing: Finding an Alternative It is possible to find a less cruel alternative to animal testing in the context of present-day development. This paper reviews the supporting arguments for this position.
• The Controversies of Animal Testing The unbalanced ecosystem is probably the best-known and publicized example, with several others being primarily of ethical origin. Animal testing falls into this category.
• Animal Testing: The Notion of the 21st Century Cruelty The paper names animal testing as one of the most vivid examples of cruelty, in terms of which animals are to suffer from medical or cosmetic experiments.
• Saving the Animals: Stop Animal Testing In the article, the author argues why animal testing should be banned and replaced with alternative research methods.
• Animal Testing in the Modern World Animal testing should be used for both commercial and scientific purposes as long as the outcome results in a direct benefit for humankind.
• The Ethical Side of Animal Testing In this article, the author reflects on the ethical nature of the use of animals as objects of scientific research.
• Ethics: Experiments on Animals Industrial and biomedical research is often painful and most of the test ends up killing the animals. Experiments such as these often incur the wrath of the animal rights movement.
• Save Animals: Experimentation Should Be Stopped The paper proves that animal experimentation should be stopped. It addresses statistical data and the outcomes of animal testing, offering possible solutions to the problem.
• Vegetarian Diet and Animal Testing Theory The ethical preference of a vegetarian diet may be proved with the theory if one considers the consequences of every person choosing to be vegetarian.
• Animal Testing and Alternatives Development Despite the concern voiced by its opponents, animal testing remains a viable practice that is both beneficial and important for humans and, to some degree, animals.
• Using Animals in Medical Experiments This paper explores how the principles of the character-based ethical approach can be applied to the discussion of using animals in the medical research and experiments.
• Law: Animal Testing Debates Cosmetics industry heavily employs animal testing. It is noteworthy that fighters for animals’ rights have managed to achieve a lot in their fight.
• Animal Testing: Use of Animal in Biomedical Research The research paper shall attempt to explore the reasons for and against the use of animal testing in biomedical research.
• Connection Between Animal Abuse and Other Violence
• Animal Abuse Proclivity Among Women: Exploring Callousness, Sadism, and Psychopathy Traits
• What Is Animal Abuse and How to Recognize It
• Animal Abuse: The Quiet Epidemic
• Enforcing Harsher Animal Abuse Penalties
• Animal Abuse and Animal Rights Nowadays
• The Need to Work Together to Address the Issues of Animal Abuse
• Animal Abuse and Child Maltreatment Occurrence
• Psychological Relationship Between Animal Abuse and Adolescents in the Judicial System
• Animal Abuse and Its Effects on America
• Relationship Between Animal Abuse, Human Abuse, and Antisocial Behavior
• Animal Abuse: Animal Suffering in Factory Farms
• The Unsettling Connection Between Animal Abuse and Domestic Abuse
• Animal Abuse: What’s Wrong With Us?
• The Need for Social Change Regarding Animal Abuse
• Animal Cruelty: Why do Furry Creatures Need Protection?
• Animal Abuse and Violence Towards People
• Animal Abuse: A Serious Red Flag for Domestic Violence
• From Animal Abuse to Interhuman Violence
• Animal Cruelty Laws on Abuse, Torture, and Abandonment
• Why Minors Should Not Witness Animal Abuse
• Animal Abuse: Study on Inhumanity and Cruelty
• Childhood Animal Abuse and Violent Criminal Behavior
• Animal Cruelty: Animal Abuse as Dirty Play
• Critical Issues Concerning Animal Abuse
• Juvenile Animal Abuse: Practice and Policy Implications
• Animal Abuse and Its Effects on Society
• How Animal Abuse Can Be Prevented
• The Debate Against Animal Abuse
• Animal Abuse: Fights for Animal Rights
• Unveiling the Global Issue of Animal Abuse and Its Impact on the World
• Animal Abuse as an Indicator of Domestic Violence
• The Link Between Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence
• Animal Abuse: The Torturing of Animals
• The Truth About Animal Abuse
• Animal Abuse and the Welfare of Animals
• Vets Struggle Against Animal Abuse
• Animal Abuse: The Moral Status of Animals
• 6 Easy Ways to Help Stop Animal Abuse
• Understanding the Link Between Animal Abuse and Family Violence
• What Is the Most Common Form of Animal Abuse?
• Is It More Common to Find Cases Where the Animal Has Gone Through Mental or Physical Abuse?
• Has the Government Passed Any Laws That Make It More Difficult for a Person to Get an Animal if They Have a Record of Animal Abuse?
• What Country Has the Most Animal Abuse?
• How Do People Protest Against Animal Abuse Online?
• What Type of Animal Receives the Most Amount of Abuse?
• How Come the Issue of Animal Abuse Isn’t Recognized Enough?
• What Are the Laws Against Animal Abuse?
• In What 5 Ways Do We Protect Animals From Abuse?
• How Are Animals Mentally Affected by the Abuse?
• What Are the Signs of Animal Abuse?
• Is There a Connection Between Animal and Human Abuse?
• What Was the Earliest Recorded Form of Animal Abuse and When Was It?
• How Can We Stop Animal Abuse?
• What Is the Leading Cause of Animal Abuse?
• When Did Animal Abuse Start?
• What Are Some Ways of Animal Abuse?
• Is Animal Abuse a Crime in the USA?
• How Do Animals Feel When They Are Abused?
• What Does Animal Abuse Indicate?
• How Do Farmers Abuse Their Animals?
• Why Is Animal Abuse an Issue?
• How Does Animal Abuse Affect Humans?
• Is There the Link Between Animal Abuse and Violence Toward Humans?
• What Does God Say About Animal Abuse?

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StudyCorgi . "96 Animal Abuse Essay Topics." August 27, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/animal-abuse-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "96 Animal Abuse Essay Topics." August 27, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/animal-abuse-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Animal Abuse were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

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Animals in the city (B1)

Wild animals in cities can cause lots of problems. From baboons to squirrels, you'll learn a lot more about the problems some cities face in this article.

Instructions

Do the preparation exercise first and then read the article. If you find it too easy, try the next level. If it's too difficult, try the lower level. After reading, do the exercises to check your understanding.

Preparation

Before you read the story, do this exercise. It will help you to understand some of the more difficult words.

Recently, there have been many reports in newspapers and on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. There have been bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai and wild pigs in gardens in Berlin. What happens when big animals come into our cities? Is it a good thing or is it dangerous for us and the animals? Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people's kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are strong animals and sometimes they scare children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are hurt in car accidents and the sugar in human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors. Their job is to find baboons in the city and take them back to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and it is healthier for the baboons. The problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again. In Berlin in Germany, groups of wild pigs sometimes come into the city to look for food. Pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also walk in the street and cause traffic accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents. They have told people to stop giving the pigs food and have put up fences to stop the pigs entering the city.   In Moscow in Russia, there are 35,000 wild dogs. They live in parks, empty houses, markets and train stations. Some of the dogs were pets that people did not want so they left them on the streets. Others were born on the streets and have always lived there. Some dogs live alone and others live in packs (a pack is the name for a group of dogs). In 2010, scientists studied the dogs. They found some very interesting facts:

• Packs have leaders. The leaders are the most intelligent dogs and not the biggest or strongest ones.
• Dogs know that it is safer to cross the street with people and some dogs understand traffic lights.
• Dogs have learnt that people give more food to small, cute dogs than to big ones. The cutest dogs in a pack wait on the street for people to give them food. When they have got some food, they share it with the other dogs in the pack.
• Some dogs have started travelling on the Moscow underground trains.

What do the people in Moscow think of the dogs? A lot of people like them and are used to seeing them on the streets. They give the dogs food and water to drink. The winter in Moscow is very cold with lots of snow and temperatures of -10 ºC. It can be hard for dogs to survive but some city residents have built small huts for the dogs to live in during the winter. Mice, squirrels and birds often live in cities and survive. Some bigger animals like the dogs in Moscow can survive in the city too, with a little help from their human friends. For many big animals, cities are dangerous places and they need our help to return to the countryside.

Robin Newton

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Subway Strays: The Dogs of Moscow’s Metro

Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, the stray dogs in Moscow have a surprisingly well-documented history which animal behaviorists have been paying close attention to for several decades. During the Soviet period in Russia the packs of wild (or stray) dogs in were regulated. Only the clever canines who learned to stay in isolation were able to survive. Usually, these dogs would remain on the outskirts of the city hunting in wild packs, as the living in the city was dangerous and food scarce.  After the fall of the Soviet Union quality of life in Russia began to slowly improve and with it more street vendors and food collecting in busy neighborhoods. This began to bring some the stray dogs out of the suburbs into the city.

Today, there are nearly 35,000 stray dogs that call Moscow home. Out of these 35,000 stray dogs there are about 500 that have taken to living underground. Out of these dogs, there are a few that have started thinking outside the box and inside the boxcar. They have begun the slow move underground to stay out of the cold (Russian winters reach an average of -5 degrees every day). Many of the Russian commuters embraced the dog’s underground migration by petting them or giving them food.

Though these claims may seem like the made up type of internet misinformation that we have learned to be skeptical of these days, it is actually sourced to a Russian biologist by the name of  Dr. Andrey Poyarkov , a highly regarded scientist in his field of study. As it turns out Poyarkov has been studying these dogs for the last thirty years and told news sources back in 2010 that he suspected a small fraction of these underground dogs had actually learned to use the subway in order to beg for food in bustling urban areas where food is more plentiful.

Andrei Neuronov , an animal behaviorist, says much like you train your dogs at home to respond to verbal commands like “sit” or “stay,” the Moscow metro dogs are using audio cues from the subway stops they have learned. The dogs memorize the names of the stops to navigate the subway systems in order to take them to heavily populated places during the day and get food.  Then, they return to their more secluded corners of the suburbs at night where they are less likely to be bothered by people.  Here is a story ABC did back in 2011, talking about this very thing.

Do you have any information on how to help these dogs?  Please share and comment below.

Humane Society  of the Palouse

"helping those who cannot help themselves.".

Our Mission:

 The Humane Society of the Palouse is a no-kill animal shelter located in Moscow ID, founded in 1978.  Our mission is to ensure the humane treatment, welfare and safety of companion animals in Moscow and Latah County.  We strive to prevent cruelty to animals, to ensure companion animals are adopted by responsible and caring owners, to promote spaying/neutering, to educate the public regarding responsible pet ownership, and to minimize euthanasia.

     The HSoP is administered by an elected volunteer board of directors. These are citizens of the Palouse who are interested in animal protection, adoption and education.  These working directors donate time and experience to direct and help fund the shelter.

Our Vision:

Create a welcoming, caring and informed environment for all HSoP patrons. Be that staff, volunteers, potential adopters and owners needing to relinquish their pets.

Promote community wellbeing through our programs: SNAP, TNR, our pet supply pantry, and pet identification (microchips and name tags). 

Develop innovative programs to promote humane education in aims to reduce the need for owners to relinquish their pets due to behavior problems. 

To grow in our community through gaining and maintaining strong partnerships.

For HSoP to be short-term, temporary housing until the homeless animals under HSoP care find their forever homes.

To provide the animals under HSoP care with the best health care possible within HSoP’s abilities.

HSoP Core Values:

Help those who cannot help themselves.

Golden Rule: To treat all living things as we ourselves would wish to be treated.

Kindness: To demonstrate compassion and respect for all living creatures.

Positive influence: To judge our effectiveness by the extent to which animal lives are saved and improved, and by the positive experience of the people we touch.

Leadership: To lead by example, developing, promoting and sharing great new ideas and programs to help animals.

Authenticity: To do what we say we do.

Transparency: To be open and honest in our relationships .

The Humane Society of the Palouse was founded in 1978.  The city of Moscow had a pound facility and the two organizations teamed up together for the betterment of animal welfare for animals residing within the Moscow city limits, as well as for those residing in Latah County.

HSoP has a long history in our local pet community.  We have been uniting pets with their forever homes for 45 years.  We are dedicated to our mission and believe whole-heatedly in our practices.  From a safe place that provides food, shelter and preventive care, to providing lifesaving surgeries, HSoP gives second chances to pets in need. 

The City of Moscow owns and maintains the HSoP facility.  HSoP is directed under the Chief of Police and reports directly to a designated captain.  The City of Moscow pays for HSoP utilities such as water, sewer and electrical.  They also provide us with $2400.00 each fiscal year for facility upkeep and maintenance. The City of Moscow also provides the funds for one pay period per month.  The City of Moscow provides 22% of our yearly budget. 

Latah County provides HSoP with 10% of our yearly budget.  35% of our annual operating budget comes from our generous community support through donations.  For our 2016/2017 fiscal year, fundraising made up 8% and adoption fees contributed 10% of our budget.

HSoP is a community center striving to provide humane education for local pet owners.  HSoP with the assistance of volunteer dog trainers, provide our community with training classes that focus on positive reinforcement and learning how to communicate with your canine friends.  HSoP also has a Facebook page and Website section dedicated to humane education.

HSoP has a strict spay and neuter policy for any animals adopted from our organization. HSoP encourages national and local initiatives that reduce pet homelessness and resulting euthanasia.  We believe programs like SNAP, as well as a strict spay/neuter requirement for animals adopted from HSoP, promote responsible pet ownership by reducing unwanted or accidental litters that contribute to the pet overpopulation crisis being experienced nationwide.  An average cat has 1-8 kittens per litter and 2-3 litters per year. During her productive life, one female cat could have more than 100 kittens. A single pair of cats and their kittens can produce as many as 420,000 kittens in just 7 years.

We receive grants that are contingent on HSoP maintaining a strict spay and neuter program. Grants make up 13% of our yearly budget. 

Humane Society of the Palouse

PO Box 8847

2019 E White Ave

Moscow, ID 83843

[email protected] (208) 883-1166  

We try to be as responsive as possible. The shelter is staffed from 1-6 pm Monday through Saturday, so we'll respond as soon as we're able to!

Success! Message received.

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126 Human Behavior Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best human behavior topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ simple & easy human behavior essay titles, 👍 good essay topics on human behavior, 🔎 most interesting human behavior topics to write about, ❓ questions about human behavior.

• Culture in Human Behavior Essay The act of changing a culture can only be minimal because of the complexities of the study complexity Culture, serving as a categorical idea of people, is a school of thought that has anthropologists all […]
• Human Behavior and Psychology in “The Good Will Hunting” by Gus Van Sant The second important person with him is his best friend Chukie, who he tells that he would love to be a laborer for the rest of his life. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
• Human Behavior Effects on the Environment However, while some people are doing all they can to protect the environment, some are participating in activities that cause harm to the environment.
• The Influence of Nature and Nurture on Human Behavior This particular research challenged the views that were in support of nature as the sole determinant of human beings’ behavior and argued that nurture was a major contributing factor to ways in which human beings […]
• Classical Conditioning as an Explanation of Human Behavior The main strategy used by advertisers is to associate their product and services with stimuli that evoke pleasurable feeling in general to the extent of trying to create a more specific association.
• The History Development of Psychology: The Understanding of Human Behavior The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons that have shaped and led to the development of the history of psychology.
• What Is Personality, and Is It Predictive Of Human Behavior? Personality, according to Harre & Lamb, is the entirety of feature and traits, as of manners or qualities that are particular per person.
• The Implications of Technology on Human Behavior As such it can be said that the use of technology creates cognitive and behavioral changes which in effect changes the way people perceive and interact behaviorally and socially due to the amount of time […]
• Motivation and Human Behavior Internal motivation is the opposite, as it is not connected to the external conditions and is interlinked with the unique nature of the action and wants itself.
• Morality and Ethics: Religion Effect on Human Behavior The second objective is to articulate the effect of religions on the economy and the political establishments of a society. The existence of a lot of information on the impact of religion on society made […]
• Sociology as a Way to Understanding Human Behavior and Society The examination of the individuals influenced by groups is the study of sociology whereas its main goal is to understand human behavior in the context of society and, after succeeding in this, trying to generalize […]
• Internet Technology and Impact on Human Behavior It was the Internet that allowed the phenomenon of cyberbullying to emerge, the essence of which is the harassment of someone on the Internet by large groups of users.
• “Contemporary Human Behavior Theory” by Robbins In the United States, all the cultural studies are based on the values of the researchers rather than on the norms of studied culture.
• Human Behavior Prediction It is important to understand that individuals may be tempted to act in a particular manner following their free choices; however, they have to restrain themselves, therefore acting according to the expectations of the society.
• Sina’s Story: Multidimensional Approach to Understanding of Human Behavior An ideal case to analyze using multidimensional approach is the story of Sina, a woman who survived through the changing conditions of the time and the environment owing to her excellent personal characteristics.
• Effects of Computer Programming and Technology on Human Behavior Phones transitioned from the basic feature phones people used to own for the sole purpose of calling and texting, to smart phones that have amazing capabilities and have adapted the concepts of computers.
• Empathy and Its Impact on Human Behavior In “The Baby in the Well” and “The Bad Things We Do Because of Empathy,” authors Paul Bloom and Fritz Breithaupt offer divergent perspectives on empathy and its impact on human behavior.
• Human Behavior: Theoretical Approaches In certain regions of the world, various cultures, such as Islamic Shariah law in Pakistan, permit the relatives of a murder victim to commute the sentence of a killer in the event of an honor […]
• Socialization and the Life Course: Human Behavior and Sociology This is a rather hyperbolized statement; however, it may be seen as a reference to how people are integrated into society and how it may form them as individuals.
• Environmentalism and Human Behavior: A Literature Review In particular, Dietz, whose scholarly interest lies in the field of human ecology and environmental policy, traced a history of environmentalism in his article and emphasized the importance of integrating social science in environmental research.
• Robbins’ “Contemporary Human Behavior Theory”: Overview At the beginning of the 20th century, a new idea has emerged that contradicted the scientific method and denied the objectivity or reality.
• Implications of Theological and Psychological Reflections on Human Behavior The Bible talks about the works of the human flesh which are evident in the commission of sins and also warns about the dire consequences of not inheriting the kingdom of God.
• Literature: Relationships and Human Behavior The story of the narrator from “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven” demonstrates the absence of one’s connection to his parents. This example adds to the role of relationships in one’s behavior and […]
• Gender as a Performance. Human Behavior Theory Thus, to be human is to accept the “unknowingness about the Other in the face of the Other that undoes us”. One such misconception is the innateness of gender and its immutability.
• Research With Animals Which Gives Information About Human Behavior However, to support the conclusions that parallels in human and animal conduct does exist, it is important to make a few assumptions about similarity between humans and animals.
• Schizophrenia: An Abnormal Human Behavior Despite there not being a cure for the disorder as yet, there are current treatments available and meant to eliminate the majority of symptoms associated with the disorder thus enabling such individuals to live healthy […]
• Influence of Heredity and Hormones on Human Behavior There are a lot of factors which influence the way human behavior develops, Some of this factors include hormones and heredity.
• Brain Injury: Cognitive Models of Human Behavior For motor functions, sight, and hearing, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.
• Human Behavior in Social Systems and Environment The systems view was based on the ideas such as the relationship among the elements in the society like if the study was based on people then they had a study on how the people […]
• Conjunction Fallacies in Human Behavior Analysis But it may be that the conflict person is the other team member the opposite party to the conflict. As it may be seen of the hypothesis, the conjunction fallacies in human behavior appear because […]
• Human Behavior in Fire: Petersburg Hospital There is a large car park provided to take care of the staff and visitors’ needs both on the front and exterior location of the building.
• Technology Changing Human Behavior: Theory & Practice At the same time, it is important to remember that operant conditioning can be used to make the desired behavior a norm.
• Non-Verbal Communication and Human Behavior It is also noteworthy to mention that people tend to avoid touching each other when maneuvering in the crowd. The presence of a friendly person also appears to make the other individual more prone to […]
• The Role of Emotion in Understanding Human Behavior The situation is complicated by the findings in the evolutionary psychology field, which show that the ultimate aim of both emotions and cognition processes are very similar and are evolutionary-based.
• Streamlining Human Behavior and Perception They aim to explain the mathematics behind coincidences and the influence of processes in the human brain on our perception of coincidences.
• Ethical Absolutism and Human Behavior This essay seeks to highlight Stance’s argument that absolutism has and still is the backbone that provides the standard used to measure human behavior.
• Disaster Reaction in Human Behavior And despite the differences in the origins of diverse disasters, they have the common features of abruptness, a serious threat to health and welfare of individuals and communities, interference with a regular mode of life, […]
• Romantic Relationship: Human Behavior Perspectives The cognitive perspective is related to the biological/evolutionally perspective in terms of underlining the role of nature-nurture interactions in explaining behavior; however, it is different from learning and sociocultural perspectives as the latter underscore the […]
• Social Influences on Human Behavior Failure to notify the police or other authorities in the vicinity contributed to excessive prolonging of the rape, psychological and physical torture of the victim.
• Observing Human Behavior in an Organization The meeting was about planning for a project to upgrade the information system in the organization, and the manager and the CEO of the organization was present along with 12 members of the team handling […]
• Human Behavior Change in the Course of a Lifetime This issue is important as the knowledge of the reasons of some kinds of people’s behavior provides individuals with the opportunity to reduce the adverse impacts and become more independent in the decision-making and actions.
• Social Issues of Human Behavior: Nature and Nurture On the other hand, the nurture view asserts that behaviors are developed and persist according to the upbringing and the environment the individual grows up in.
• Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment Besides, the impact that cancer has on the development of a person in this stage and the realization of goals in life is devastating.
• Human Behavior and the Best Principles to Follow In his words, the cause and effect of everything in the world are so entangled that differentiation between the two is almost impossible.
• Human Behavior during Evacuations According to Fahy and Proulx, “the phases of disaster response will vary significantly depending on the targeted individuals, the nature of structure, and the aspects of the situation”.
• Contemporary Mathematical Model of Human Behavior Under Some Environmental Constraints Such a situation was seen in the Kozma, Harter & Achunala study wherein their model of human performance was able to show both the inherent adaptability of human performance in light of increasingly difficult tasks […]
• Human Behavior Effect on the Results of Organization’s Projects An understanding of human behavior is important in the interaction of members of a team to a project and the outcome of a project in general.
• Climate Change Needs Human Behavior Change The thesis of this essay is that human behavior change, including in diet and food production, must be undertaken to minimize climate change, and resulting misery.
• Organization Culture and Human Behavior In order for a leader to ensure that the culture of an organization is embraced by all the stakeholders involved in project, the leader should make sure that all the team members share a common […]
• Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work In Malka’s response tries to elaborate further on the private companies and the domains of health care that are involved as well as the consequences of the private companies.
• Human Behavior: How Five General Perspectives Affect Marriage Social and cultural aspects also contribute to behavior of a person which is important in success of love marriage relationships. This is important to people in love as they can take time to observe and […]
• Particulars of Human Behavior As there is a limited and hard to get to amount of material objects, moral satisfactions and other acquisitions, people’s competition becomes more aggressive and in the end, violent.
• Human Behavior in Companies: When the Organizational Behavior Leaves Much to Be Desired The choices that the Lincoln electrics makes in its leadership strategies, however, also make it clear that the company managerial makes efficient use of the Theory Y, which claims that people have a “natural desire […]
• Full Moon Effect on Human Behavior From another perspective the full moon and the increase in violence are just a coincidence such that the moon happens to be present when people behave strangely but that’s not its intended purpose because the […]
• Dimensions of Human Behavior In this theory, an individual has a single identity, which is assumed by people of the same gender, and with similar roles as the individual in the society.
• The Study of Human Behavior and Stress Article four In the article, “The Effects of Stress on Mental Health” by Paul Hata, the mental effects that stress can manifest in a person are seen to be the major underpinning for the article.
• Animal Studies Resurgence and Its Effects on Human Behavior
• Abnormal Behavior and Human Behavior
• Culture Regulates Human Behavior and Identity
• Comparing and Evaluating the Ways in Which Literature Help to Understand Human Behavior
• Cell Phones and Its Effect on Human Behavior
• Cognitive Ability and Human Behavior in Experimental Ultimatum Games
• Electronic Music and Its Effect on Human Behavior
• Dorothy Parker Exposes the Darker Side of Human Behavior
• Deception and Its Effects on Human Behavior and Mental
• Biological Factors That Affect Human Behavior
• Describing the type of human behavior problems
• Applying Human Behavior Theory of Everyday Situations and Cases
• Behavioral Geography and Its Impact on Human Behavior
• Researching Challenges and Opportunities for Human Behavior in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic
• Choosing the Right Pond: Human Behavior and the Quest for Status
• Accounting for Human Behavior, Local Conditions and Organizational Constraints in Humanitarian Development Models
• Drugs, Society and Human Behavior by Ray and Ksir
• Analyzing Human Behavior Through Advertising
• Adolescent Behavior and Its Effects on Human Behavior
• Color and Its Effect on Human Behavior
• How Does Music Influence Sex and Human Behavior
• Hamlet and Shakespeare’s Perceptions of Human Behavior
• Frankenstein and RUR: Depiction Human Behavior
• Human Behavior and Sexual Desire
• Explaining How One Hormone Influences Human Behavior
• Ergonomics and Its Effect on Human Behavior
• Gorillas, Lemurs and Human Behavior
• Evolutionary Theory and Its Relation to Human Behavior
• How Has Film Influenced Lifestyles and Human Behavior in the 20th Century
• Historical Context Versus Human Behavior in “The Scarlet Letter”
• Human Behavior and the Effects of the Full Moon
• Gender Specificity and Human Behavior
• How Climate Change Influences Human Behavior
• How Stereotypes May Arise and Affect Human Behavior
• Human Behavior and Its Relations With Knowledge
• Ethnography About Human Behavior and Economics
• Eugenics and Its Impact on Human Behavior
• How Does Color Affect Human Behavior
• General Strain Theory and Its Effect on Human Behavior
• Exploring the Affect Society Has on the Shaping of Human Behavior
• What Are the Five Types of Human Behaviour?
• What Are Human Behavior and Examples?
• What Is the Importance of Human Behavior?
• What Is Good Human Behavior?
• What Are the Characteristics of Human Behaviour?
• How Does Human Behavior Develop?
• What Is Human Behaviour in Psychology?
• What Is Human Behavior in Sociology?
• What Affects Human Behaviour?
• How Does Media Affect Human Behaviour?
• How Does Climate Change Influences Human Behavior?
• How Does Authority Influence Human Behavior?
• How Does Color Affect Human Behavior?
• How Does Genetics Influence Human Behavior?
• How Does Music Influence Human Behavior?
• How Do Nature and Nurture Affect Human Behavior?
• How Does Oxytocin Affect Human Behavior?
• How Does Society Influence Individual Human Behavior?
• How Has Film Influenced Lifestyles and Human Behavior in the 20th Century?
• How Is Hardwired Human Behavior?
• How Does Human Behavior Change in Different Social Situations?
• How Human Behavior May Influence Health and Disease?
• How Psychodynamic Therapy Works and Its Manifestations on Human Behavior?
• How Do Psychologists Explain Human Behavior?
• How Has Psychology Changed Human Behavior?
• How Many Stereotypes Arise and Affect Human Behavior?
• How Does the Human Mind Operates and Controls Human Behavior?
• How Are Two Impulsivity Measures Used for Human Behavior?
• Why Can Sociologists Not Rely on Common Sense to Explain Human Behavior?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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IvyPanda . "126 Human Behavior Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/human-behavior-essay-topics/.

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