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Essay Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam UPSC

Last updated on April 3, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

Table of Contents

Tips for UPSC Essay Paper from ClearIAS.com

Do keep in mind the below-mentioned tips. Following these strategies can make a huge boost in your Essay Paper marks .

Try to write a few essays in full during your preparation, simulating the environment in the examination hall.
Familiarize yourself with previous essays asked by UPSC so that you will have a clear picture of the type and standard of questions to be expected.
UPSC/the examiner normally gives credit to new perspectives and fresh analysis.
Avoid verbosity and flowery language. Use a simple style instead.
You may use relevant quotes to reinforce your arguments. But never try to alter the quotes of great personalities.
Good handwriting is always an asset. If your handwriting is not legible, put some effort into that area.
Make your statements precise. Avoid guesses.
The introductory paragraph should have clear indications about what you are going to write in the essay.
You may show your inferences in the concluding paragraph.

Also read: ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC

Additional Links:

Useful Civil Services Books .
Civil Services Study Materials for Online Preparation .
IAS Question Papers .

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

October 16, 2015 at 12:03 am

Hello sir…. May I know what is the language to write an essay…. I mean English or hindi…thanks

August 8, 2016 at 7:44 pm

Your exam medium is essay langauge

July 7, 2022 at 1:37 am

What types of eassy come in upsc?

May 12, 2016 at 12:59 am

Hello sir…… May I know that what is trade under in IAS. & which is the best course after 12th & which is the best subjects for IAS preparation.

August 28, 2020 at 7:20 am

Make any one of the optional subject as your UG stream .it will help you in the preparation

May 23, 2016 at 7:03 am

plz suggest me books for essay in hindi and english language

October 5, 2016 at 12:25 pm

pls tell me good essay book of bengali version.

December 2, 2016 at 9:15 pm

January 7, 2017 at 4:53 pm

Wt is the medium of essay writing Any language…? We can choose

February 18, 2017 at 9:25 pm

suggest some topics for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:24 pm

Which syllabus for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:26 pm

which topics for essay writing tell me please

April 7, 2017 at 4:45 pm

One of the most discriptive and very helpful website for civil services aapirants..

November 8, 2018 at 1:36 pm

Sir IAS yaa IPS Ke liye physical yaa medical exam bhi dena hota h kya

November 22, 2018 at 11:45 am

PLEASE CLEAR CIVIL SERVICE MAINS PAPER A & B

August 5, 2019 at 9:49 am

my mother tongue is Bengali .can I give the mains exam in Bengali??

August 10, 2019 at 1:15 pm

Hello sir!! Can I know from which topic these essays will be given. Like, generally or from optional subjects we choose?!

September 14, 2019 at 12:39 pm

Go through the previous years question papers to find out what type of essay do UPSC ask

October 13, 2019 at 10:52 am

Sir , What are those tips & advices you are gonna give for school students who’s aim is to become an IAS officer ?

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Essay Syllabus

In this article, we will discuss the UPSC essay syllabus and its importance in the preparation for the prestigious Civil Services Examination. The essay paper is a vital component of the UPSC mains exam, and it evaluates a candidate’s ability to express their thoughts in a concise and coherent manner. We will explore the structure and format of the essay paper, the types of topics that usually appear, and the approach that candidates should adopt while attempting the essay. By the end of this article, you will have a clear understanding of the IAS essay syllabus and how to prepare for it effectively.

Importance of Essay Paper

Aspiring candidates preparing for the UPSC IAS examination must pay close attention to the Essay Paper section. It holds significant weightage and plays a vital role in determining the candidate’s overall rank. You must dedicate time and effort to develop this skill, as the Essay Paper is a reflection of your critical analytical and comprehensive aptitude. This paper evaluates your presentation skills, creativity, and thought process. Moreover, it tests your ability to articulate your thoughts coherently and succinctly. So, start working on your writing skills from today to make the most of this crucial paper.

Syllabus Overview

The syllabus for the essay paper is not specifically defined . Aspiring civil servants preparing for the highly competitive UPSC IAS exam must focus their attention on the essay paper. This is where candidates can showcase their writing skills and analytical abilities.

The essay paper is divided into two sections, each consisting of four topics. Candidates are required to write two essays in a span of three hours. The essays carry a total of 250 marks and are a crucial part of the selection process. It covers a wide range of topics from socioeconomic issues, to political and philosophical musings.

However, it is important to note that candidates are not expected to be experts in any particular subject. Rather, the essay paper tests their ability to articulate their thoughts and opinions. It is crucial that candidates start preparing for the essay paper well in advance, paying careful attention to the type of essays and common mistakes to avoid.

Types of Essays

When it comes to the UPSC Essay Syllabus , it’s crucial to understand the types of essays you’ll be asked to write. As such, you must know the different types of essays that are tested in the examination, such as Informative essays, Descriptive essays, Narrative essays, and Persuasive essays. Each type has its unique writing style, skill set, and format to adhere to.

Thus, mastering each essay type is important to score high marks in the exam. While an informative essay highlights the positive and negative points of the given topic, a descriptive essay must focus on describing the topic. The narrative essay must follow a story-style narration while the Persuasive essay must be written in a way to convince the reader about the given topic.

Therefore, a deep understanding of the types of essays is necessary to excel in the UPSC IAS Exam.

Topics for Essay Writing

The UPSC Essay paper is an important part of the Civil Services Examination. As a part of the UPSC essay syllabus , candidates need to write two essays for the examination. The essays are supposed to be on topics of national and international importance, relevant social, economic, and political issues, cultural, historical and geographical significance, and contemporary issues of interest.

The topics for essay writing can range from the economy, politics, education, health, women empowerment, environmental issues, human rights, current affairs, science, technology, and more. It is advisable to read newspapers and books to keep oneself updated with the latest developments and possible essay topics. Additionally, candidates can also refer to previous years’ question papers to understand the nature of the questions and topics that are frequently asked.

Candidates should choose a topic that they are familiar with and express their thoughts and opinions in a coherent and structured way. The essay should be well-researched, free from grammatical errors, and should have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. By choosing the right topic and writing an impressive essay, candidates can score well on the UPSC IAS Essay paper .

Essay Writing Tips

Here are some tips for candidates to excel in the essay writing section:

Understand the topic: It’s important to read and comprehend the essay topic thoroughly. Ensure that you understand the question’s intent, the tone of the essay, and the arguments that you need to present.
Prepare an outline: Creating an outline before writing helps the writer organise their thoughts and arguments logically. It ensures that the essay is structured and coherent.
Write in a simple and lucid language: UPSC exams are not meant to test your vocabulary. Therefore, try to write in simple and clear language.
Stick to the word limit: The UPSC sets a word limit for each essay question. Exceeding the limit can result in a deduction of marks. Therefore, it is crucial to practice writing essays within the stipulated word limit.
Provide examples and facts: To support your arguments, use real-life examples and factual data to reinforce your views.

By following these tips and practising regularly, aspiring candidates can improve their essay-writing skills, making it easier to crack the UPSC exam successfully.

How to Prepare for an Essay Paper

The essay paper is an integral part of the UPSC IAS exam, and it requires a different level of preparation compared to other papers. In order to ace the essay paper, it is important to have a clear strategy and methodical approach.

First and foremost, it is essential to understand the types of essays that might appear in the exam. This will help in creating a plan for essay writing and practicing accordingly.

Another important aspect is staying updated on current affairs and trending topics. Keeping oneself informed about world events and happenings helps in generating ideas and content for the essay.

It is also crucial to focus on improving language skills and creative thinking. Reading widely, practicing writing every day, and taking mock essay tests can help in enhancing these skills.

When it comes to time management, it is recommended to allocate a fixed amount of time for brainstorming, outlining, and writing the essay. This helps in maintaining a structured and organized approach.

Lastly, it is crucial to avoid common mistakes like using too many quotes, memorizing essays, or not staying relevant to the topic. These mistakes can be easily avoided by focusing on the guidelines and practicing regularly.

Overall, preparing for the essay paper requires focus, dedication, and a structured approach. By following these tips, one can improve their chances of acing the essay paper and moving closer to their dream of becoming an IAS officer.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Essay Writing

UPSC essay writing is an important component of the civil services examination. However, many students make some common mistakes while writing their essays that can prove detrimental to their scores. Here are a few errors to avoid when writing your UPSC essays :

Lack of clarity: One of the most common mistakes that students make is writing unclear or ambiguous essays. Ensure that the language and ideas that you use are clear and concise.
Overuse of quotes: Many students use too many quotations in their essays, which makes them sound less original. Try to use quotes sparingly, and only when they add significant value to your essay.
Poor structure: A well-structured essay requires an introduction, several paragraphs supporting your arguments, and a conclusion. Ensure that your essay has a clear and logical structure.
Lack of relevance: Many students write essays that are not directly relevant to the question asked, which can result in a reduced score. Make sure you understand the question and write an essay that is directly relevant to it.
Poor time management: UPSC essay writing requires a student to demonstrate their ability to write coherently and without errors within a given period. Students must manage their time effectively, allowing ample time for each paragraph, revision, and proofreading.
Lack of examples: Candidates should use examples from real life, which strengthens their arguments and provides more depth to their essays.

Avoid these common mistakes during your UPSC essay writing , and you are one step closer to achieving a high score that will make you proud.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):-

Q1. Which type of essay comes in the IAS exam?

Ans: The four types of essays that come in the IAS exam are Informative essays, Descriptive essays, Narrative essays, and Persuasive essays.

Q2. How to write a UPSC-level essay?

Ans: Tips to write UPSC Essay are given in the article above.

Q3. What is a good score for a UPSC essay?

Ans: An average score falls within the range of 110-125. However, exceptional essays can receive marks as high as 150-160.

Q4. How long is the UPSC essay paper?

Ans: The candidate is to write two essays in a span of 3 hours with a word limit of 1000-1200 words per essay. There are two sections which contain 4 topics each and out of which the candidate has to pick a single topic from each section to write an essay on.

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UPSC CSE 2024 Exam Pattern and Syllabus

Looking for a detailed Syllabus and Exam Pattern for the UPSC Civil Services Examination? This article of NEXT IAS decodes the same to give you a comprehensive idea of the UPSC Civil Services Examination’s syllabus and exam pattern.

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the Civil Services Examination (CSE) every year to select candidates for India’s most prestigious jobs such as the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS) etc. This exam is conducted in three stages. One needs to have a comprehensive understanding of the Syllabus and Exam Pattern for the three stages of the exam in order to prepare well for the same.

Synoptic Overview of UPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern

Exam pattern for upsc prelims exam.

The UPSC Preliminary Examination (Prelims) serves as a screening test only, and the marks obtained in this exam are not counted for determining the final merit list. However, it must be noted that it is mandatory to clear this exam, failing which one will not be allowed to appear for the Main Examination.

The exam pattern for UPSC Prelims Exam can be seen as follows:

As per the current exam pattern for the UPSC Prelims Exam, the marking scheme is as follows:

i. General Studies-I (GS) Paper – 2 marks are awarded for every correct answer, and 0.66 marks are deducted for every wrong answer.

ii. General Studies-II (CSAT) Paper – 2.5 marks are awarded for every correct answer, and 0.83 are deducted for every wrong answer.

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Exam

The syllabus for the two papers of the Prelims Exam, as provided by the UPSC, consists of a list of topics that are only indicative in nature. However, one needs to understand what all needs to be studied in order to cover a topic comprehensively. Thus, understanding the syllabus demands understanding the topics listed therein along with their detailed break-ups.

The UPSC syllabus for the two papers of the Prelims Exam is discussed in detail as follows:

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Paper-I: General Studies

Current events of national and international importance.

Current Events of National Importance – news of national importance related to History & Culture, Geography, Social Issues, Polity & Governance, Economy, Internal Security, Environment, Science & Technology etc.
Current Events of International Importance – major news related to India’s Bilateral Relations, International Organizations, Multilateral Bodies & Organizations, International Treaties & Agreements etc.

History of India and Indian National Movement

Ancient History of India – Pre-History Period; Indus Valley Civilization; Vedic Period; Rise of Heterodox Sects such as Buddhism, Jainism etc; Pre-Mauryan Period, Mauryan Period & Post-Mauryan Period; Gupta Period; Post-Gupta Period etc.
Medieval History of India – Early Medieval India; Delhi Sultanate; Mughal Period; Maratha Kingdom etc.
History of Modern India – Period from the decline of Mughals upto establishment of the British Rule in India; Revolt of 1857; Rise of Nationalism; India’s Freedom Struggle etc.

Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World

Physical Geography – Latitude & Longitude; Geomorphology; Oceanography; Climatology; Biogeography; Environmental Geography
Social and Economic Geography – Human population and its distribution and growth; Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary activities; Distribution of Minerals in India and the World; Location of Industries in India and the World; Agriculture in India and the World; Energy Resources, Transport etc in India and World.
World Geography – The continents and major geographic features therein such as Mountains, Plateaus, Rivers, etc.
Indian Geography – Physiographic Divisions of India; Drainage System of India; Indian Climate; Soils and Vegetations of India.

Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc .

Constitution of India – The Indian Constitution, its evolution and salient features; Preamble to the Indian Constitution; Citizenship; Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of State Policy; Fundamental Duties; Amendment of the Constitution, etc.
Federal System of Government – Federalism; Centre-State Relations; Inter-State Relations; Emergency Provisions etc.
Legislature – Parliament; Parliamentary Committees; State Legislature; Major issues related to Legislature.
Executive – President; Vice President; Union Council of Ministers; Governor; State Council of Ministers; Local Self Governments including Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies
Judiciary – Supreme Court; High Court; Subordinate Courts; Major issues related to Indian Judiciary
Other areas – Major Constitutional Bodies; Major Non-Constitutional Bodies; Elections and Political Parties etc.

Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc .

Fundamentals of Economics – Factors of Production; Law of Demand and Supply; National Income Accounting etc.
Growth and Development – Human Development; Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Growth; Employment and Skill Development etc.
Fiscal Policy in India – Development Planning and NITI Aayog; Government Annual Budgeting; Taxation System in India; Inflation; Business Cycles etc.
Monetary Policy in India – Money and its supply; Reserve Bank of India and Banking System in India etc.
Financial System in India – Money Market; Capital Market
Sectors of Indian Economy – Agriculture; Manufacturing and Industries; Service Sector etc.
External Sector – Foreign Trade; Balance of Payment; Foreign Exchange, Foreign Investment etc.
International Economic Organizations – World Bank; International Monetary Fund (IMF); World Trade Organization (WTO) etc.
Other areas – Infrastructure such as Transport, Energy etc; Investment Models etc.

General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization

Fundamental of Ecology and Ecosystem – basic terminologies such as Ecology, Ecosystem, Species, Speciation, Succession etc.
Biodiversity – Animal Diversity, Plant Diversity and Marine Organisms in India and World etc.
Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity – Protected Area Network in India such National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries etc; Other India efforts for biodiversity conservation such as Environmental Acts & Policies, Environmental Institutions etc; Global initiatives for biodiversity conservation such Man And Biosphere (MAB) program, international environmental organizations and conventions etc.
Environmental Pollution – types of Pollution; Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rain etc; Indian and International Efforts to fight Climate Change.
Other areas – Farming Systems, Irrigation Systems etc which aid in environmental protection.

General Science

Biology – Cell Biology; Genetics; Human Physiology; Health and Diseases
Physics – Force and Laws of Motion; Work, Energy and Power; Fluids; Heat & Temperature; Wave Motion; Sound; Optics; Electrostatics; Magnetism etc.
Chemistry – Matter & its states; Structure of Atom; Classification of Elements; Chemical Reactions; Chemistry in everyday life.

Some important links for UPSC Prelims GS Paper-I Preparation are listed below:

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Paper-II: CSAT

Reading Passages and answering questions based on them.
Verbal Interpretations; Analogies; Critical Reasoning etc.
Sequence & Series; Coding & Decoding; Blood Relations; Venn Diagrams; Distance & Directions; Seating Arrangements; Puzzles etc.
Ethical dilemmas and hypothetical questions based on them
Profit & Loss; Mixture & Alligations; Time & Work; Time & Distance
Geometry; Mensuration & Area
Partnerships; Clocks; Dices etc.
Number Systems; LCM & HCF; Averages; Fractions; Ratio & Proportion
Averages; Percentage; Simple & Compound Interests etc.
Pie Charts, Bar Graph, Line Graph, Tables etc.

Some important links for UPSC Prelims CSAT Paper preparation are listed below:

Exam Pattern for UPSC Main Exam

The UPSC Main Examination (Mains) is a Written Examination consisting of a total of 9 papers of subjective type. The total marks obtained in this examination are counted to determine the final merit list.

The exam pattern for UPSC Main Exam can be seen as follows:

a. The two Qualifying Papers (Paper A and Paper B) are of Matriculation or equivalent standard.

b. Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects provided by the UPSC.

Syllabus for UPSC Main Exam

The UPSC has provided the syllabus for each of the 9 papers of the Main Exam in the form of a list of topics that are only indicative in nature. Understanding the syllabus holistically requires a clear-cut understanding of what all needs to be studied in order to cover a topic comprehensively. Thus, the topics listed in the syllabus as well as their detailed break-ups must be understood to get a clear picture of the syllabus for the UPSC Main Exam .

The syllabus for the 9 papers of the UPSC Main Exam is discussed in detail as follows:

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-A: Indian Languages

Comprehension of given passages
Precis Writing
Usage and Vocabulary
Short Essays
Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-B: English

Syllabus for upsc main paper-i: essay.

This paper expects the candidates to write essays on multiple topics. As per the current pattern, the Essay Paper is divided into two sections having multiple topics. The candidate is expected to write essays on two topics, choosing one from each of the two sections.

The UPSC expects that the essays are presented as an effective expression of ideas that are relevant to the topic and are arranged in an orderly fashion.

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-II: General Studies-I

The title for this paper, as given by the UPSC, is – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society . The topics given as part of the syllabus for Main General Studies-I paper and their detailed break-ups are presented as follows:

Evolution and salient features of Constitution; Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policies, Fundamental Duties; Process of amendment, Basic Structure.
Indian Federalism and its features; Centre-state relations and related issues; Inter-state relations and related issues; Cooperative Federalism; Emergency provisions etc.
73rd Constitutional Amendment, PRIs and issues faced by them; 74th Constitutional Amendment, ULBs and issues faced by them.
Doctrine of separation of powers and constitutional provisions related to it; System of checks and balances
Functional overlaps among various organs of the government and issues arising out of it; Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions such as Inter-State Council, Judiciary, NITI Aayog etc.
Major sources of Indian Constitution; Comparison of major features of Indian Constitution vis-a-vis that of other democracies
Structure, functions and major issues related to Parliament and State Legislatures such as misuse of Money Bill, inadequate control of Legislature over Executive etc; Parliamentary Committees; Sovereignty of Parliament; Parliamentary Privileges etc.
Executive – Powers and functions of President and Governor; Parliamentary System of Government and functioning of Union and State Council of Ministers.
Judiciary – Powers and functions of the Supreme Court and High Courts and issues related to them such as Judicial Accountability, Judicial Overreach etc.
Subordinate Courts, their structures and functions; Lok Adalats, Gram Nyayalayas etc.
Pressure Groups, their functions and significance.
Major provisions of Representation of People’s Acts of 1950 and 1951; Election System in India and issues related to it such as Model Code of Conduct, Criminalization of Politics etc.
Major Constitutional Bodies of India such as Election Commission of India, Finance Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General etc, their functions and issues relating to them.
Major Statutory Bodies such as Securities Exchange Board of India, National Human Rights Commission etc, their functions and issues related to them
Major Regulatory Bodies such as Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, Competition Commission of India etc, their functions and issues related to them
Major Quasi-Judicial Bodies such as National Green Tribunal, Central Information Commission etc, their functions and issues related to them
Major schemes and policies of the government related to areas such as Drinking Water, Sanitation etc, and challenges remaining.
Civil Society Organizations, NGOs, SHGs etc, their functions, significance and issues related to them; Participatory governance and people’s participation in governance
Vulnerable sections such as Women, Children, SCs etc, challenges faced by them and initiatives taken for their betterment.
Major schemes and policies of the government related to Health, Education, Employment, Skill Development etc, and challenges remaining.
Poverty, its causes, implications and steps taken to alleviate poverty.
Transparency and Accountability, their meaning, significance and steps taken to promote them; Corruption in India.
e-Governance, its meaning, significances and applications, challenges in implementation etc.
Citizen Charter, its meaning, benefits, challenges in its implementation etc.
Role of Civil Services in governance; Reforms in civil services, its need and recommendations of major committees thereon
India’s bilateral relationship with its neighboring countries such as Pakistan, China, Nepal etc.
India’s bilateral relationship with major countries of its interests such as Russia, USA etc.
Regional and Global Groupings such as BRICS, SAARC, G-20 etc.
Major developments from across the globe which impacts India’s interests such as Ukraine War, change in US Visa Policy etc.
Indian Diaspora, their roles in promoting India’s interests, challenges faced by them etc.
International bodies such as the UN, IMF, WHO etc, their structure, functions, challenges faced by them etc.

Some important links for UPSC Main General Studies-I Paper Preparation are listed below:

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-III: General Studies-II

The title for this paper, as given by the UPSC, is – Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations .The topics given as part of the syllabus for Main General Studies-II paper and their detailed break-ups are presented as follows:

Indian Diaspora, their roles in promoting India’s interests, challenges faced by them etc.

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-IV: General Studies-III

The title for this paper, as given by the UPSC, is – Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management .

The topics given as part of the syllabus for Main General Studies-III paper and their detailed break-ups are presented as follows:

Planning in India, its achievements & failures, and challenges faced; primary tools for mobilization of resources such as government budgeting, taxation, disinvestment etc.
Growth path of Indian economy from independence till now, and issues related to it such as Regional Disparity.
Employment and skill development, challenges therein, and initiatives taken to promote them
Inclusive growth, challenges and initiatives taken; Issues related to inclusive growth such as poverty, income inequality etc.
Government Budget, its types, issues with budgeting process, and issues related to it such as Gender Budgeting; Other Fiscal Policies of the government.
Major crops of India such as Rice, Wheat etc and their cropping pattern across the country.
Major types of irrigation system prevalent in India, and issues therein
Storage, transport and marketing of agricultural goods, their needs and issues therein
Different types of agricultural subsidies, their needs and issues therein
Agricultural price policies of the government; MSP, its needs and issues therein
PDS, its needs, limitations, and initiatives taken to revamp it.
Food Security, present status in India, challenges associated with it, steps taken to achieve it such as Buffer Stock, and related issues such as Hunger, Food Safety etc.
Major technology missions related to agriculture in India such as Green Revolution, National Mission on Agricultural Extension & Technology, promotion of Farm Mechanisation etc.
Livestock sector, its significance, challenges faced by it and steps taken
Food Processing Industries, its potential and present status in India, its significance for India, challenges faced by it, and steps taken.
Factors necessitating land reform in India, its progress, and challenges coming in its way.
Liberalization, policy changes made under it and their impacts on different sectors of the economy such as external trade, foreign investment, agriculture etc.
Industrial Policy, its need and evolution from the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 through New Industrial Policy of 1991 upto present.
Major industrial infrastructures as mentioned above, steps taken for their development, challenges coming in the way such as their financing, land constraints etc, and other issues related to them.
Need for investment in the Indian economy, its types such as FDI, and issues related to it.
Types of investment models such as PPP, their advantages and limitations, and steps taken to promote them
Major emerging technologies such as 5G, IoT, their applications and impacts.
Role of Science & Technology in areas such as Health, Education, Agriculture etc, major developments in those directions and issues arising out of them
Development of science & technology in India since 1950s upto now, and major achievements such as atomic energy, missiles, space etc.
Steps taken towards indigenization of technologies in major sectors such as Defense, Manufacturing etc.
Major developments in the fields of IT & Computers, Nano-Technology, Bio-Technology etc such as GM Crops, AI etc, their applications, and issues related to them.
Intellectual Property Rights such as Patent, GI etc, their benefits and issues related to them.
Efforts taken for conservation of natural resources such as forest, wildlife, rivers etc at India and international level.
Environmental pollution, its major types, causes, and their impacts such as Global Warming, Ozone Depletion etc.
Environmental Impact Assessment, its need, initiatives taken and challenges faced
Basic concepts related to Natural Hazards, Disasters, and Disaster Management; Different phases of disaster management, steps taken in India such as Disaster Management Act of 2005
Major types of disasters concerning India such Flood, Drought, Earthquake etc, their causes, impacts, and steps taken to mitigate them
Relation between developmental issues and rise of extremism; Various forms of extremism in India such as Left-Wing Extremism, Insurgency etc, factors helping their rise, challenges posed by them, steps taken to contain them and remaining challenges.
Security challenges posed by external state actors such as those by Pakistan, China etc; Security challenges posed by non-state actors such as Terrorism, Smuggling etc.
Security challenges posed by social media and other forms of media such as propagation of extremism, rumor mongering etc.
Cyber security, its significance, steps taken and challenges faced
Money laundering, its process, challenges posed by it and steps taken
Land and Coastal Borders of India, challenges in their management, and steps taken
Organized crimes, its types such as Trafficking, Smuggling etc, challenges posed by them, their connecting with terrorism, and steps taken to tackle them
Major security agencies of India such as Central Armed Police Forces, Intelligence Agencies etc, their functions and related issues.

Some important links for UPSC Main General Studies-III Paper Preparation are listed below:

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-V: General Studies-IV

The title for this paper, as given by the UPSC, is – Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude . The topics given as part of the UPSC syllabus for Main General Studies-IV paper are as follows:

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on above issues.

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-VI: Optional Papers I and II

One may choose any optional subject from amongst the list of Optional Subjects as provided in the notification for UPSC CSE. The UPSC syllabus for different optional subjects is different.

Some important links for UPSC Main Optional Paper preparation are listed below:

Personality Test (Interview)

It is the third and final stage of the UPSC Civil Services Examination. It is a Viva-voce type of examination wherein the candidate is interviewed by a Board.

UPSC does not provide any defined syllabus for this stage of examination. However, the experiences of the past interviewees suggest that questions asked in the interview are generally based on the Detailed Application Form (DAF) of the candidate, matters of general interest, current affairs, etc.

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The essays must be written in the medium as specified in the admission certificate issued to the candidates. The name of the medium must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer- book in the space provided for the purpose. No credit will be given to the essay written in a medium other than that specified in the admission certificate.

Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

From 2014, there are eight topics in the IAS Mains Essay paper segregated in 2 sections. Write two essays choosing one from each of the sections A and B in about 1,000-2,000 words each. The word limit must be adhered to strictly.

Each essay will be marked on 125.

Candidates will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Essay Question Paper 2021 PDF [Download]

An essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author etc.The importance of writing essays needs to be underlined because in Civil Services Main examination Essay is a separate paper whose marks are counted in the mains examination.

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UPSC Essay Syllabus 2023

Home » UPSC Essay Syllabus 2023

June 3, 2023

UPSC Essay Syllabus:

candidates are expected to ‘keep closely to the subject’ of the essay and arrange their ideas in an ‘orderly fashion’. Credit will be given for ‘effective and exact expression’.

Basics of essay paper:

Essay Significance : Worth 250 marks – can significantly impact your score.
Generalist Approach : It’s about broad understanding and communication, not specialist knowledge.
Time Management : Crucial for success – practice writing within time constraints.
Prepared Content : Beneficial, but ensure it’s adaptable to different topics.
Address Weaknesses : Important to improve areas like grammar, spelling, or handwriting.
Grammar/Spelling : Yes, they matter for clear communication.
Handwriting : Legibility is key – poor handwriting could affect readability.

3 ELEMENTS OF ESSAY:

Choosing a Topic:
Pick a topic you’re knowledgeable about and interested in.
Ensure it’s a topic you can write extensively and insightfully on.
Consider a topic with potential for a diverse range of arguments.
Interpreting the Topic:
Understand exactly what the topic is asking for – look for keywords and phrases.
Consider different perspectives of the topic to gain a comprehensive understanding.
Research the topic to ensure you’re well-informed about all aspects.
Structure of the Essay :
Introduction : Present your topic and thesis statement.
Body : Develop your arguments and provide supporting evidence.
Conclusion : Recap your main points and provide a final thought or implication.

How to Choose a topic

Choosing a Topic :
Adequate Content : Select a topic on which you have sufficient knowledge to write a comprehensive essay.
Risk and Returns : Avoid choosing a difficult topic just to stand out. Common topics are less risky and ensure average returns, while difficult topics pose high risks with uncertain returns.
Broad/General Topics : These are preferable as they make it easier to generate extensive content.
Discuss Both Sides : Opt for a topic that allows you to present balanced viewpoints. This approach not only broadens your essay content but also demonstrates your ability to consider multiple perspectives.
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence : This topic calls for a deep understanding of ecological economics, sustainable development, and environmental studies. If you are well-versed in these areas, this could be a great choice. The broad scope allows for a rich, diverse discussion.
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world : This topic requires a strong understanding of literature, societal impact of poetry, and its intersection with politics and societal norms. If you are comfortable discussing the role of literature and art in society, this topic could be an excellent choice.
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man : If you have a solid understanding of the history of scientific and romantic (artistic, emotional, intuitive) thought and their influence over time, this could be a compelling topic. It requires a deep dive into intellectual history and philosophy.
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for : This topic is a metaphorical statement that can be interpreted in many ways, relating to risk, purpose, exploration, comfort zones, etc. It is a broad topic that could apply to various areas, from personal growth to political policies.
Interpreting the Topic :
Understand the Topic and its Demands : Carefully read the topic and ensure you comprehend its demands accurately. Identify the underlying theme, the perspectives it implies, and the kind of discussion it’s asking for.
Create the Skeletal Structure of Your Essay : This step involves:
Identifying Key Terms : Spot the important words or phrases in the topic that hold the essence of what needs to be addressed. These will guide the direction of your essay.
Developing Linkages Between Terms : Determine how these key terms relate to each other within the context of the topic. This will provide a framework for your arguments and help maintain the coherence of your essay.

For example, in the topic “Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence”, the key terms might be “forests”, “case studies”, and “economic excellence”. You would then develop linkages between these terms, such as how forests (through sustainable use, ecosystem services, etc.) can serve as case studies illustrating economic excellence.

2A. Interpreting the Topic Correctly :

Rephrase the Topic as a Question : This technique can help you better understand the demand of the topic. For example, “Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence” could be rephrased as “How can forests serve as the best case studies for economic excellence?”.
Agreement/Disagreement : Determine whether you agree or disagree with the proposed question.
If you agree or disagree, ensure you have compelling arguments to support your stance.
If the topic is informative, aim to discuss it from various perspectives.

Dimensions to Explore in an Informative Topic :

Depending on the subject of your essay, you might explore the topic through different dimensions, such as:

Technological
Humanitarian
Philosophical
Environmental

Here’s an example of how to interpret these topics:

2B. Creating the Skeletal Structure of Your Essay :

Identify Key Terms : Read the topic thoroughly and highlight the important terms or phrases that encapsulate the essence of what you’re asked to discuss.
Understand Linkages : Determine how the key terms are connected within the context of the topic. Understanding these linkages will guide your arguments and maintain the coherence of your essay.
Create a Checklist : Formulate a list of the points your essay must address, based on the key terms and their linkages.

This would help you differentiate between a substandard and a good essay:

A substandard essay merely provides information on the terms, with weak or absent linkages.
A good essay , on the other hand:
Explains the key terms in detail.
Elucidates the connections between these terms.
Elaborates on these connections, supporting them with relevant evidence.

Here’s how you might create a skeletal structure for these essay topics:

Here’s a concise way to represent your provided essay structure in table format:

here’s how to write an effective introduction for your essay:

here’s how to effectively write a conclusion for your essay:

ESSAY PAPER – UPSC Civil Services Mains – 2022

1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence

2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world

3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man

4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for

5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining

6. You cannot step twice in the same river

7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities

8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls in UPSC Civil Services Exam Essay Writing

Avoid One-Dimensional Approach :

Essays should be expansive and multi-dimensional, not overly focused on one aspect like history or politics.

Don’t Deviate from the Topic :

Even if passionate about a topic, always write what is asked, not just what you know or feel.
Regularly check if your essay is aligned with the question to prevent steering away from the topic.

Avoid Abstract Topics if Not Comfortable :

If uncomfortable with abstract philosophical topics, it’s best to avoid such questions.
Selecting an unpopular topic just for the sake of it can be unwise.

Understand Technical Terms :

If the question contains a technical term, ensure you understand it correctly before writing.
Misunderstanding can lead to generic writing, affecting your score.

Avoid Extreme or Unpopular Opinions :

When taking a stance on an issue, avoid extreme or highly unpopular views to minimize risk.
Present arguments for both sides, and conclude on a balanced note.

No Ranting :

Present both positive and negative aspects of a topic, even if you have a personal bias.
The essay should end on a balanced note.

Equal Time Investment :

Both essays carry equal marks, so invest equal time in each.
Avoid dedicating disproportionate time to one essay at the expense of the other.

Effective Paragraph Transition Techniques in Essay Writing

1. Link Sentences :

Description : Conclude the paragraph with a sentence that prepares the reader for the next topic.
Example : If you’re discussing the impact of climate change on the global economy, you could end with, “Beyond the economic disruption, climate change poses significant threats to global health.” The following paragraph could then dive into the health consequences of climate change.

2. Transitional Questions :

Description : Guide your reader to the next topic by posing a question at the end of a paragraph.
Example : After discussing the economic impacts of climate change, you could ask, “While the economic implications are considerable, how is climate change influencing global health?” The next paragraph would then unpack this question.

3. Signaling Shifts at the Start of a New Paragraph :

Description : Begin the new paragraph with a word or phrase that signals a transition to a new subtopic.
Example : In an essay on Climate Change, if you’ve discussed its economic impact, the next paragraph can start with, “In addition to its economic effects, climate change also profoundly impacts global health…” This prepares the reader for a shift in the discussion towards health-related consequences of climate change.

Implementing these transition techniques helps to maintain a logical flow in your essay, making it easier for the reader to follow your argument.

Previous Years Essay Topics: (2015-2022):

Philosophical Essay Topics:

Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Quick but steady wins the race.
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both.
Reality does not confirm to the ideal, but confirms it.
Wisdom finds truth.
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
Life is a long journey between human being and being humane.
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
You cannot step twice in the same river.
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
There are better practices to “best practices”.
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil.
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

Socio-Economic Essay Topics:

Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality.
If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare.
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for the majority of farmers in India.
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.
Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity, but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.

Women issues:

Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.

Science and Tech:

Technology cannot replace manpower.
Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run.
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

Environmental:

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

International Relations:

Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?
South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.

Polity and Governance:

Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.
Water disputes between States in federal India.
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.

List of quotes:

1. Democracy and Politics

“Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people.” – Abraham Lincoln
“The ballot is stronger than the bullet.” – Abraham Lincoln
“Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.” – George Bernard Shaw
“The power to question is the basis of all human progress.” – Indira Gandhi
“Democracy means nothing if people are not able to work the democracy for the common good.” – Chandra Bhushan

2. Environment and Sustainability

“The Earth does not belong to us: we belong to the Earth.” – Marlee Matlin
“We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” – Native American Proverb
“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“In the end, we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand, and we will understand only what we are taught.” – Baba Dioum
“There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew.” – Marshall McLuhan

3. Education and Knowledge

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela
“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” – Aristotle
“Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” – W.B. Yeats
“Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere.” – Chanakya
“Real education enhances the dignity of a human being and increases his or her self-respect.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam

4. Women Empowerment

“There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women.” – Kofi Annan
“A woman with a voice is by definition a strong woman.” – Melinda Gates
“If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.” – Margaret Thatcher
“To call woman the weaker sex is a libel; it is man’s injustice to woman.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education. The human mind is our fundamental resource.” – John F. Kennedy

5. Ethics and Morality

“The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion.” – Albert Camus
“The time is always right to do what is right.” – Martin Luther King Jr.
“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” – Thomas Jefferson
“The greatness of humanity is not in being human, but in being humane.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Morality is the basis of things and truth is the substance of all morality.” – Mahatma Gandhi

6. Technology and Progress

“Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master.” – Christian Lous Lange
“The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.” – Edward Teller
“Science and technology revolutionize our lives, but memory, tradition and myth frame our response.” – Arthur Schlesinger
“For me, there are two types of people: the young and the experienced.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
“The human spirit must prevail over technology.” – Albert Einstein

7. Social Issues and Equality

“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” – Martin Luther King Jr.
“Our ability to reach unity in diversity will be the beauty and the test of our civilization.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Social justice cannot be attained by violence. Violence kills what it intends to create.” – Pope John Paul II
“Poverty is the worst form of violence.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.” – Martin Luther King Jr.

Conclusion Phrases and Quotes for Essay Writing:

“Satyameva Jayate” (Truth alone triumphs) – Mundaka Upanishad
“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (The world is one family) – Maha Upanishad
“Aano bhadra krtavo yantu vishwatah” (Let noble thoughts come to me from all directions) – Rigveda
“Ahimsa paramo dharmah” (Non-violence is the highest duty) – Mahabharata
“Tamso ma jyotirgamaya” (Lead me from darkness to light) – Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
“Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah” (May all be happy) – Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free” – Rabindranath Tagore
“You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“In the end, it’s not the years in your life that count, it’s the life in your years.” – Abraham Lincoln
“Unity in diversity is India’s strength. There is simplicity in every Indian. There is unity in every corner of India. This is our strength.” – Narendra Modi
“Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
“Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached.” – Swami Vivekananda
“The future depends on what we do in the present.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.” – A.P.J Abdul Kalam
“The biggest guru-mantra is: Never share your secrets with anybody. It will destroy you.” – Chanakya
“Change is the law of the universe. You can be a millionaire, or a pauper in an instant.” – Bhagavad Gita
“Every act is righteous which is performed with the knowledge of our duty, without attachment.” – Bhagavad Gita
“To believe in something, and not to live it, is dishonest.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Whatever happened, happened for the good. Whatever is happening, is happening for the good. Whatever will happen, will also happen for the good.” – Bhagavad Gita
“We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far.” – Swami Vivekananda

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Essay Syllabus for UPSC

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examination stands as a formidable gateway to prestigious civil service positions in India, shaping the destinies of those who aspire to serve the nation at its highest echelons. At the heart of this rigorous selection process lies the meticulously crafted syllabus that serves as the roadmap for aspirants navigating the intricate terrain of the examination. The UPSC syllabus is not merely a compilation of subjects; rather, it is a comprehensive framework designed to assess candidates across a diverse spectrum of knowledge, skills, and aptitudes. Aspirants engaging with this syllabus embark on a transformative journey, delving into the realms of history, geography, polity, economy, science, and more, as they prepare to demonstrate not only their academic prowess but also their analytical acumen, ethical grounding, and administrative capabilities. This essay explores the significance of the UPSC syllabus, dissecting its components and shedding light on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities it presents to those who aspire to serve their country through the esteemed civil services.

The UPSC mains syllabus does not have any prescribed syllabus for the essay paper as such. As per the UPSC, “ Candidates are expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression .”

But, we have tried to break down all the topics and sub-topics on which UPSC is generally interested in asking UPSC Essays. Please note that these are not exact topics asked in the UPSC Essays. We have given probable themes on which you should be prepared, to ensure you have enough content to write while attempting an Essay in the UPSC CSE Exam.

Table of Contents

Essay – Topics and Sub-Topics

The impact of technology on human communication
The role of social media in shaping public opinion
Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence
The effects of automation on employment
Climate change and its consequences
Deforestation and its impact on biodiversity
The importance of renewable energy sources
Strategies for sustainable living
The pros and cons of online education
The role of standardized testing in education
Addressing the challenges of access to education globally
The importance of lifelong learning
Mental health awareness and destigmatization
The impact of a sedentary lifestyle on health
Healthcare disparities and access to medical services
The role of nutrition in overall well-being
Gender inequality and its manifestations
Racial and ethnic discrimination
LGBTQ+ rights and acceptance
Poverty and its consequences
Cultural implications of globalization
Economic disparities in a globalized world
The role of international organizations in fostering cooperation
Nationalism vs. global citizenship
The role of media in shaping political opinions
Challenges to democracy in the 21st century
Corruption in politics and its consequences
The importance of civic engagement
Income inequality and its impact on society
The role of small businesses in the economy
Economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
Sustainable economic practices
Ethical considerations in scientific research
The balance between scientific progress and environmental conservation
The impact of technology on personal privacy
Bioethics and the moral implications of medical advancements
The role of art in society
Cultural appropriation in the arts
The influence of technology on the entertainment industry
Preserving cultural heritage in a globalized world

FAQs for Essay for UPSC

1. what is the significance of the upsc exam in india.

Answer: The UPSC exam, or the Civil Services Examination (CSE), holds immense significance in India as it is the gateway to prestigious administrative services like the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS). Successful candidates become key decision-makers, contributing to the formulation and implementation of policies that shape the nation’s trajectory. The exam is designed to assess candidates’ intellectual and leadership abilities, ensuring that those who qualify are well-equipped to serve the diverse needs of the country.

2. How does the UPSC contribute to fostering diversity in the civil services?

Answer: The UPSC plays a crucial role in promoting diversity in the civil services through its unbiased and merit-based selection process. The examination allows candidates from various backgrounds, regions, and educational disciplines to compete on an equal footing. This inclusive approach ensures that the civil services reflect the rich diversity of India, bringing a variety of perspectives and experiences to the decision-making process. Moreover, the reservation policies for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) further enhance representation from historically marginalized communities.

3. What challenges do aspirants face in preparing for the UPSC exam, and how can they overcome them?

Answer: UPSC aspirants often encounter challenges such as the vast and dynamic syllabus, intense competition, and the need for effective time management. To overcome these challenges, aspirants should adopt a systematic study approach, breaking down the syllabus into manageable sections and creating a realistic study schedule. Regular practice through mock tests and previous year question papers helps in understanding the exam pattern and improving time management skills. Additionally, seeking guidance from mentors or joining reputable coaching institutes can provide valuable insights and support.

4. How does the UPSC exam contribute to the development of leadership qualities among candidates?

Answer: The UPSC exam is designed to assess not only the academic knowledge of candidates but also their leadership qualities and decision-making skills. The demanding nature of the examination process, including the interview stage, evaluates an aspirant’s ability to handle pressure, think critically, and communicate effectively. The diverse challenges presented in the examination prepare candidates for the complexities they may encounter in administrative roles. The successful completion of the UPSC exam is, therefore, an indicator of a candidate’s potential to lead and contribute to the nation’s governance and development.

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UPSC Main: Compulsory Papers Syllabus (Essay)

Civil service main examination, compulsory subjects syllabus, candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. the choice of subjects will be given. they will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. credit will be given for effective and exact expression..

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UPSC Mains Syllabus 2023-24 – Subject Wise PDF for IAS Exam

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 is covered in detail Subject-wise for GS-I, GS-II, GS-III, GS-IV and Essay. Check UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF for the UPSC CSE Exam 2023 in this post.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains Syllabus

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 has a vast coverage area. A written exam and an interview/personality test will comprise the Civil Services (Main) Examination. The Union Public Service Commission publishes the official notification on its website along with the UPSC Mains Syllabus 2023. The General Studies, elective, and essay writing topics are all covered in the UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 PDF. It is a crucial tool for applicants as they organize their study plans and schedule specific amounts of time for every subject. The UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF is freely accessible and downloadable from the URL provided below, giving candidates a simple and well-organized resource for their test preparation.

There will be nine conventional essay-style papers in the written examination. The UPSC Exam consists of three subsequent stages:

Preliminary Examination (Objective Type),
Main Examination (Conventional Type Written Exam)
Interview/Personality Test,

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024: Overview

Candidates who are preparing for UPSC examination need to know the syllabus of both preliminary and mains examination. In this article we have provided the detailed syllabus of the mains examination. Check the overview of the mains examination below in the table:

UPSC Mains Exam Pattern 2023

Candidates who pass the preliminary exam will be able to take the main exam. Candidates must be qualified for each paper as this is the stage of the exam procedure where scores and rankings are determined. The Mains exam assesses a candidate’s academic knowledge as well as their capacity to effectively and within the allotted time articulate their understanding in accordance with the requirements of the question.

Candidates must obtain minimum passing marks in each of the nine papers that comprise the Mains exam. Language papers i.e., English and Indian Language papers are qualifying papers, and the remaining papers i.e., GS-I, GS-II, GS-III, GS-IV, Essay paper, Optional Paper 1 and Paper 2 will be graded.

The main exam consists of two qualifying papers at 300 marks each, “Paper A” and “Paper B.”
Any Indian Language from the Eight Schedule” and “English Language Paper” are two qualifying papers for Mains Exam.
Candidates must obtain 25% on each of the two qualifying exams, or 75 marks on each paper.
Because the remaining seven papers are all scoring in nature, the final merit list will incorporate their scores.
Candidates may answer every question in either English or one of the eight scheduled languages in the 7 merit-based papers.
For Papers VI and VII, candidates must choose one subject from the list as their optional subject.

UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus Subject wise

Apart from the Indian Language and English Papers, other papers of the main examination are counted for merit. For detailed coverage of the UPSC CSE Mains Syllabus of General Studies and Essay papers, read the complete article.

UPSC Syllabus Mains Language Paper

There are two language papers i.e., Paper A and Paper B in UPSC Mains Exam. The candidates need to select one language from the list of languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which is shown in the table below. And English is the second language paper. Candidates must use the script that corresponds to the language listed in the table below. The candidate can choose any of the following Indian Languages from the given table.

Below is a breakdown of how “Paper A” and “Paper B,” the language papers, are structured.

Essay – 100 marks
Reading Comprehension – 60 marks
Precis Writing – 60 marks
Translation: (i) English to Compulsory Language (for e.g. Hindi) – 20 marks and (ii) Compulsory Language to English – 20 marks
Grammar and Usage of Basic Language – 40 marks

UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies I

The History, Heritage, Geography, and Culture of the World and Society are the main topics of the first General Studies paper. The commission has outlined the essential themes of the General Studies I syllabus which is mentioned below for candidates.

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society:

Indian Culture: It covers the salient features of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient times to modern times.
Modern Indian History: It includes the significant events, personalities, and issues from the middle of the 18th century until the present.
In The Freedom Struggle, Various stages and important contributors and contributions from different parts of the country.
Consolidation and Reorganisation of the country after independence.
Events from the 18th century will be included in the history of the world, such as the industrial revolution, world wars, redrawing of national borders, colonisation, and decolonization, as well as political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, and others—their manifestations and social effects.
Important characteristics of Indian society and India’s diversity.
The role of women and the organisation of women, population and related issues, poverty and developmental challenges, urbanisation, related issues, and solutions.
The social effects of globalisation in India.
Communalism, Regionalism, Secularism, and Social Empowerment.
Important physical geography characteristics of the world.
Distribution of major natural resources worldwide (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); determinants of where primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries are located globally (including India).
Critical geographic features and their location-changes in flora and fauna, as well as in water bodies and ice caps and the impact of such changes. Important geophysical phenomena include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity, cyclones, etc.

UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies II

The Polity, Governance, Constitution, Social Justice, and Interrelations topics are covered in the UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies II paper. The detailed syllabus is provided to candidates below.

Governance, Polity, Constitution, Social Justice and International Relations:

The basic structures, features, modifications, major provisions, and historical context of the Indian Constitution.
Functions and duties of the Union and the States, problems and difficulties with the federal system, and obstacles with the devolution of authority and resources to local levels.
Power separation between multiple organs, conflict resolution procedures, and institutions.
Comparing the Indian constitutional design to other countries’ systems
Structure, administration, business practises, powers, and privileges of the Parliament and State Legislatures, as well as challenges resulting from these.
Governmental Ministries and Departments; Pressure Group organisations and formal/informal associations; and their purpose in the Polity.
Structure, organisation, and operation of the Executive and the Judiciary.
The Representation of People’s Act’s key characteristics.
Appointment to several constitutional Bodies, as well as their respective duties and responsibilities.
Statutory, regulatory, and various quasi-judicial agencies; Government interventions for development in many sectors; Problems resulting from the planning and execution of these interventions.
The role of NGOs, SHGs, diverse groups and associations, funders, charities, institutional, and other stakeholders in development processes and the development industry.
Welfare programmes put in place by the federal government and individual states for the population’s most vulnerable groups, as well as the effectiveness of these programmes; institutions, laws, and other organisations created to safeguard and improve the lives of these vulnerable groups.
Issues pertaining to the growth and administration of the social sector and services in the fields of health, education, and human resources.
Hunger and poverty-related issues.
Transparency and accountability are crucial components of governance, as are e-governance applications, models, accomplishments, limitations, and possibilities; citizens’ charters, transparency & accountability, and institutional and other measurements.
The function of the civil service in a democracy
India’s relationship with its neighbours.
Groupings and agreements at the bilateral, regional, and international levels involving or impacting India and/or its interests.
Effect of developed and developing countries policies and politics on India’s interests and the Indian diaspora.
Important international organisations, agencies, and forums: their makeup and objectives.

UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies III

The subjects of Science, Technology, Economics, Defense, Disaster Management, and Nature are thoroughly covered in UPSC Mains General Studies III. This paper would raise ask relating to many facets of life as well as recent developments in all areas of life.

Economic Development, Technology, Environment, Bio-diversity, Security and Disaster Management:

Indian Economy, including planning, resource mobilisation, growth, development, and employment difficulties.
Inclusive growth and the problems it raises.
Budgeting of Government.
Major crops, patterns of cropping in various regions of the nation, various types of irrigation and irrigation systems, challenges with storage, transport, and marketing of agricultural products, and related limitations; the use of e-technology by farmers.
Concerns about buffer stocks and food security, direct and indirect farm subsidies, and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System goals, operations, and shortcomings; Technology missions; and the economics of animal husbandry.
Food processing and related sectors in India: their size and importance, where they are, what is needed in the upstream and downstream, and supply chain management.
Indian land reforms.
The economic implications of liberalisation, changes to industrial policy, and how these affect the expansion of the industrial sector.
Infrastructure includes things like ports, roads, airports, and railroads.
Models for investments.
Science and technology breakthroughs, as well as how they are used and impact daily life.
Scientific and technological advances made by Indians; indigenization of technology; and the creation of new technology.
Awareness of issues relating to intellectual property rights as well as IT, space, computers, robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.
Environmental impact assessment, pollution and degradation of the environment, and conservation.
Disasters and disaster management; Relationships between extremism’s growth and dissemination.
The contribution of non-state and state actors from outside to the problems with domestic security.
Threats to internal security posed by communication networks, the media’s and social media’s role in such threats, the fundamentals of cyber security, and money laundering and its prevention.
Security issues and how to manage them in border regions – connections between organised crime and terrorism.
The function of various security agencies and organisations.

UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies IV

Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude: This paper contains questions to assess the candidate’s attitude and approach toward matters relating to integrity, probity in public life, and their approach to problem-solving when dealing with a variety of challenges and disputes in society. In order to determine these elements and cover area, questions may use the case study approach.

Ethics and Human Interaction: The purpose, factors, and outcomes of ethical behaviour in people; the dimensions of ethics; and the application of ethics in both personal and professional settings. The importance of family community and educational institutions in instilling values may be seen in the study of human values, which draws lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers, and administrators.
Moral and political attitudes, social influence, and persuasion are all aspects of attitude that include its content, structure, and function as well as its relationship to cognition and behaviour.
Civil service aptitude and core principles, including honesty, objectivity, and non-partisanship; dedication to public service; empathy; tolerance; and compassion for the weaker groups.
Emotional intelligence concepts, as well as their benefits and use in governance and administration.
Contributions from moral philosophers and thinkers in India and around the world.
Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and Issues; Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding; Corporate Governance; Laws, Rules, Regulations, and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance. Accountability and Ethical Governance.
Probity in governance includes the idea of public service, the philosophical underpinnings of governance and probity, information sharing and transparency in government, the right to information, codes of ethics and conduct, citizen’s charters, workplace culture, the effectiveness of service delivery, the use of public resources, and challenges posed by corruption.
Case Studies on the aforementioned concerns

UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus PDF Download

A thorough resource that offers thorough information regarding the syllabus for the UPSC Mains Exam is the UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF. Candidates can download it from the official website or from the direct link provided below. Candidates can readily access and consult the syllabus at any time while preparing for the UPSC Exam thanks to the PDF format. It covers a range of topics, including general studies, elective subjects, and qualification exams. Download the UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus PDF from the link provided below both in Hindi and English language

UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus PDF Download in English

UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus PDF Download in Hindi

UPSC Optional Subjects

Paper 6 and Paper 7 of the UPSC Mains exam are Optional subject papers. Candidates may select any one of the optional subjects, if you want to check the list then please click on the mentioned link where you will be getting complete details.

Check UPSC Optional Subjects List

UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF

Click on the mentioned link to download UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 PDF

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 PDF

UPSC Mains Syllabus FAQs

Q. What is the Syllabus for Mains UPSC?

Ans. UPSC Mains has an exhaustive syllabus which includes two qualifying Language Papers, 4 General Studies Papers, 2 Optional Papers, and 1 Essay Paper.

Q. What are the 9 papers in UPSC mains?

Ans. 9 papers in the UPSC Mains exam are:

Indian Language Paper
English Paper
Essay Paper
General Studies I
General Studies II
General Studies III
General Studies IV
Optional Paper I
Optional Paper II

Q. How many total marks are in UPSC Mains?

Ans. There are 1750 total marks from the UPSC CSE mains written exam and 275 marks for the Personality Test or Interview. To determine the final merit list, both marks are clubbed together.

Q. What are the 7 papers of UPSC counted for Merit?

Ans. 7 papers of UPSC counted for Final Merit:

Paper‐1: (Essay) – 250 Marks
Paper‐2: (General Studies I) – 250 Marks
Paper‐3: (General Studies II) – 250 Marks
Paper‐4: (General Studies III) – 250 Marks
Paper‐5: (General Studies IV) – 250 Marks
Paper‐6: (Optional Subject Paper I) – 250 Marks
Paper‐7: (Optional Subject Paper II) – 250 Marks

Q. How to download UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF?

Ans. The UPSC mains syllabus 2022 in PDF format is available to candidates on the UPSC website in the form of an official notification.

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What is UPSC Mains Syllabus?

UPSC Mains has an exhaustive syllabus which includes two qualifying Language Papers, 4 General Studies Papers, 2 Optional Papers, and 1 Essay Paper.

Which are the 9 papers in UPSC mains?

9 papers in the UPSC Mains exam are:

Indian Language Paper English Paper Essay Paper General Studies I General Studies II General Studies III General Studies IV Optional Paper I Optional Paper II

How many total marks are in UPSC Mains?

There are 1750 total marks from the UPSC CSE mains written exam and 275 marks for the Personality Test or Interview. To determine the final merit list, both marks are clubbed together.

What are the 7 papers of UPSC counted for Merit?

7 papers of UPSC counted for Final Merit:

Paper‐1: (Essay) – 250 Marks Paper‐2: (General Studies I) – 250 Marks Paper‐3: (General Studies II) – 250 Marks Paper‐4: (General Studies III) – 250 Marks Paper‐5: (General Studies IV) – 250 Marks Paper‐6: (Optional Subject Paper I) – 250 Marks Paper‐7: (Optional Subject Paper II) – 250 Marks

How to download UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF?

The UPSC mains syllabus 2024 in PDF format is available to candidates on the UPSC website in the form of official notification.

Which is paper 1 in UPSC?

It is a subjective type of paper consisting of subjects like History, Geography, Art and Culture, and Indian Society.

How much paper in UPSC mains?

There are a total of nine papers in the UPSC Mains Exam including two language papers that are qualifying in nature, one essay paper, four General Studies papers, and two optional papers

Candidates can download the UPSC mains syllabus PDF from the official website of UPSC or from the mentioned link in this post above.

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Download UPSC Syllabus PDF

The UPSC syllabus is designed to assess candidates' knowledge, aptitude, and analytical abilities, and it comprises two stages: the Preliminary Examination (Prelims) and the Main Examination (Mains), followed by an interview/personality test. The UPSC Syllabus for Prelims includes two compulsory papers: General Studies Paper-I and General Studies Paper-II (also known as the CSAT or Civil Services Aptitude Test). These papers cover a wide range of subjects, including history, geography, economics, polity, environment, science, and current affairs.

The syllabus for UPSC Mains examination is more specialized and consists of nine papers, including one essay paper, four General Studies papers, two optional subject papers, and two language papers (both qualifying in nature).

UPSC Syllabus PDF

The UPSC syllabus PDF serves as a roadmap for candidates, providing them with a clear understanding of what is expected in each stage of the examination, which includes the Preliminary Examination, the Main Examination, and the Personality Test (Interview). Candidates can download the UPSC Syllabus PDF for Prelims and Mains from the following links:

UPSC Prelims Syllabus PDF
UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF

UPSC Prelims Syllabus

The first stage of the exam, i.e., the Civil Services Preliminary Exam is only a screening test and is conducted to shortlist candidates for the Main Examination. Marks secured in the Preliminary Exam are not taken into account while preparing the final merit.

Preliminary Exam consists of two papers of objective type carrying a maximum of 400 marks.

General Studies Paper-I Syllabus

It has 100 questions broadly covering the following topics, carrying a maximum of 200 marks to be solved in 2 hours.

Current events of National & International importance.
History of India & Indian National Movement.
Indian & World Geography – Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India & the World.
Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Economic & Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity & climate change – that do not require subject specialization.
General Science.

General Studies Paper-II Syllabus

It comprises of 80 questions from the following topics carrying a maximum of 200 marks to be solved in 2 hours.

Comprehension.
Interpersonal skills including communication skills.
Logical reasoning & analytical ability.
Decision making & problem solving.
General mental ability.
Basic numeracy (numbers & their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. – Class X level)

General Studies Paper-II of IAS Exam is a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%. It is mandatory for a candidate to appear in both the Papers of IAS Prelim Exam for the purpose of evaluation.

UPSC Mains Syllabus

Civil Services Main Examination consists of written examination and interview (personality test). Civil Services Main Examination consists of following papers divided into 2 categories – qualifying & papers to be counted for merit.

Important Points:

The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of qualifying nature and the marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.
The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard.
The papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in ‘English’ as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers.
Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking.
The question papers for the main examination will be of conventional (essay) type and each paper will be of 3 hour duration.
Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India or in English.
The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindi and English only.
Compensatory time of twenty minutes per hour shall be permitted for the Blind candidates and the candidates with locomotor disability and cerebral palsy where dominant (writing) extremity is affected to the extent of slowing the performance of function (minimum of 40% impairment) in both the Civil Services (Preliminary) as well as in the Civil Services (Main) Examination.

Syllabus of UPSC Main Examination Papers

Upsc syllabus for qualifying papers (indian languages and english).

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows:

English Language:

Comprehension of given passages.
Precise Writing.
Usage and Vocabulary.
Short Essays.

Indian Languages:

Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Paper-I: Essay

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics.

They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

UPSC GS 1 Syllabus

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of globalization on Indian society.
Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

UPSC Syllabus for Mains GS Paper 2

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighborhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Important International institutions, agencies and fora - their structure, mandate.

UPSC GS 3 Syllabus

Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System-objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Disaster and disaster management.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

GS Paper 4 Syllabus

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society.

Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects.

The following broad areas will be covered:

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on above issues.

UPSC Optional Syllabus

Optional Subject Papers I & II:

A candidate may opt for any one Optional Subject from the following:

UPSC Agriculture Syllabus
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Anthropology Syllabus for UPSC
Civil Engineering
UPSC Commerce and Accountancy Syllabus
UPSC Economics Syllabus
Electrical Engineering
Geography Syllabus for UPSC
UPSC Geology Syllabus
UPSC History Syllabus
UPSC Law Optional Syllabus
UPSC Maths Optional Syllabus
Mechanical Engineering
UPSC Medical Science Syllabus
UPSC Philosophy Syllabus
UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus
PSIR Optional Syllabus
UPSC Psychology Syllabus
Public Administration Optional Syllabus
Sociology Optional Syllabus
Literature of any one of the following languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English.

Each Optional Subject has 2 compulsory papers.

IAS Preparation
UPSC Syllabus

UPSC Syllabus 2024 PDF - IAS Prelims & Mains Syllabus

Aspirants of Civil Services Examination are at the right place to get the details of the UPSC Syllabus. Here, at BYJU’S, you will find the complete IAS Syllabus for all the stages of the examination:

Preliminary Stage – General Studies & CSAT
Mains Stage – 9 Theory Papers (GS I-IV, Language Papers, Essay & Optional)
Personality Test – Interview

UPSC Syllabus in English (IAS Prelims):- Download PDF Here

UPSC Syllabus in Hindi (IAS Prelims):- Download PDF Here

Table of Content for Syllabus of UPSC:

UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims

IAS Prelims is the first stage of the Civil Services Examination. More than 11 lakhs candidates applied for UPSC Prelims in 2023 while approximately 10 lakh candidates applied for the same in 2022.

It is important to know the syllabus for IAS Prelims as it is the screening test that qualifies candidates for the next stage, i.e. Mains. All UPSC Exam aspirants must familiarise themselves with the exam pattern and IAS Exam syllabus first, and then move on with the preparation.

Aspirants preparing for UPSC 2024 must start preparing for the Civil Services exam in February 2023. One year of preparation is a must thing if aspirants want to score well in UPSC 2024 exam. This timeline of almost a year is crucial if you want to have a planned and smooth preparation phase where you can strengthen your concepts and clarify all doubts related to topics.

The two papers of the IAS prelims are discussed in detail below:

The General Studies test is the first paper of the preliminary examination.
This test is intended to test the general awareness of a candidate in a wide range of subjects that include: Indian Polity, Geography, History, Indian Economy, Science and Technology, Environment and Ecology, International Relations and associated UPSC current affairs .
This UPSC Prelims syllabus for CSAT intends to assess the aptitude of the candidate in solving ‘Reasoning and Analytical’ questions, apart from ‘Reading Comprehension’ and the occasionally asked ‘Decision Making’ questions.
The ‘Decision Making’ based questions are generally exempt from negative marks.

To be noted:

The preliminary examination is only meant for screening a candidate for the subsequent stages of the exam.
The marks obtained in the Prelims will not be added up while arriving at the final rank list.

The subjects included in the prelims are common for all. However, there is an option to opt for a few subjects in the mains phase of the examination. Get the detailed list of IAS Subjects included in the syllabus for UPSC prelims and mains at the linked article.

UPSC Syllabus for GS Paper (Prelims Paper I)

Current events of national and international importance.
History of India and Indian National Movement.
Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity, and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialisation.
General Science

Some important links for UPSC Prelims GS Paper-I Preparation are listed below:

UPSC Syllabus for CSAT Paper (Prelims Paper-II)

Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including communication skills
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision-making and problem solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. – Class X level)

Candidates are advised to refer to the following links below that will help them to cover the UPSC CSE syllabus for the CSAT paper:

Get in touch with previous years’ questions asked in prelims from the UPSC Civil Services syllabus. The compilation of topic-wise UPSC Prelims Questions PDF can be downloaded from the linked article.

UPSC Syllabus for Mains

IAS Mains Exam Pattern

Must-Know Facts about UPSC Mains

The Mains examination constitutes the 2nd phase of the Civil Services Examination. Only after successfully qualifying in the prelims exam would the candidates be allowed to write the IAS Mains.
The Mains exam tests the candidate’s academic talent in depth and his/her ability to present his/her understanding according to the requirements of the question in a time-bound manner.
The UPSC Mains exam consists of 9 papers, out of which two are qualifying papers of 300 marks each.
Any Indian Language Paper
English Language Paper
The papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates who attain 25% marks in both the language papers as a minimum qualifying standard in these qualifying papers, will be taken cognizance of, for evaluation.
In case a candidate does not qualify in these language papers, then the marks obtained by such candidates will not be considered or counted.

IAS Syllabus for UPSC Mains GS-I

General Studies‐I is also called Paper-II of UPSC Mains. It covers – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society. The detailed UPSC Syllabus for this paper is given below:

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present – significant events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of globalization on Indian society.
Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone. etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

Get the UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 Strategy in the linked article.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-II

General Studies-II is also called Paper-III of UPSC Mains. It majorly covers Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations. The detailed UPSC syllabus for this paper is given below:

Constitution of India —historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

Get the UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 Strategy in the linked article.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-III

General Studies-III is also called Paper-IV of the UPSC Mains. The major topics covered are Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management. The detailed UPSC syllabus for this paper is given below:

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Disaster and disaster management.
Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

Get the UPSC Mains GS Paper 3 Strategy in the linked article.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-IV

General Studies Paper-IV is also called Paper-V of UPSC Mains. The major topics covered under it are Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude. This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on the above issues.

Get the UPSC Mains GS Paper 4 Strategy in the linked article.

IAS Syllabus for Language and Essay Papers

Essay Paper – It is the Paper-I of UPSC Mains

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Get important information on UPSC Essay Paper from the links below:

Qualifying Papers on Indian Languages and English

Structure of the language papers:

The types of questions asked are –

Essay – 100 marks
Reading comprehension – 60 marks
Precis Writing – 60 marks
English to compulsory language (e.g. Hindi) – 20 marks
Compulsory language to English – 20 marks
Grammar and basic language usage – 40 marks

The rest of the seven papers can be written in any of the languages mentioned under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India or in English.

The aim of the papers is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand serious discursive prose and to express ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned. The pattern of questions would broadly be as follows :

(i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

Indian Languages:-

(i) comprehension of given passages.

(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

The following articles might help candidates who find it challenging to prepare for UPSC syllabus w.r.t language papers:

Please download the detailed UPSC Mains General Studies Syllabus from the linked article.

UPSC Syllabus for Optional Subjects

The UPSC Mains syllabus gives a list of 48 Optional Subjects which include Literature of different languages. Candidates need to choose any one of the ‘Optional Subjects’ from the list of subjects given below:

IAS Syllabus For UPSC Mains Optional Subjects:

Candidates can check the success rate of optional subjects in the linked article.

Aspirants looking for Topper’s excerpts and guidance as to which optional subject to opt for, they can visit the UPSC Toppers’ Optional Subjects page and get the required assistance. They can get the list of subjects opted by top rank holders in the past.

UPSC Syllabus for IAS Interview

Known as Personality Test, UPSC Interview is the last stage of the examination. There is no defined UPSC syllabus for the interview. Questions are asked from wide-ranging issues.

Candidates who qualify the UPSC Mains Exam will be called for the ‘Personality Test/Interview’. These candidates will be interviewed by a Board appointed by the UPSC.
The objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in civil services by a board of competent and unbiased observers.
The interview is more of a purposive conversation intended to explore the mental qualities and analytical ability of the candidate.
The Interview test will be 275 marks and the total marks for the written examination is 1750. This sums up to a Grand Total of 2025 Marks, based on which the final merit list will be prepared.

Candidates should note that there are no changes in UPSC Syllabus 2023 in comparison to UPSC Syllabus 2022 and UPSC Syllabus 2021.

FAQ about UPSC Syllabus

What are the subjects in upsc, what is the fee of upsc application form, is ias syllabus tough, does upsc syllabus pdf contain prelims and mains syllabus both, can an aspirant download the upsc syllabus in marathi.

Updated – UPSC Syllabus in English:- Download PDF Here

Updated – UPSC Syllabus in Hindi:- Download PDF Here

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Hi Swetha Please refer to our UPSC Admit Card 2020 page for any updates on the same.

Can you tell me which books I have refer for IAS prelims means from where to start my preparation

Hi Janvi You can check the following links: 1. NCERT Books for UPSC 2. UPSC Books

Please provide same analysis after 2013.

For Prelims refer to UPSC Prelims Subject-Wise Weightage . For Mains, check below links: 1. GS 1 Strategy 2. GS 2 Strategy 3. GS 3 Strategy

THANK YOU BYJU’S! IT ACTUALLY HELPED ME A LOT. I WAS ABLE TO ASK QUERIES ALSO AND I AM SATISFIED FOR CLEARING MY DOUBTS/QUERIES THROUGH YOU. ONCE AGAIN THANK YOU BYJU’S!!!

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Hi Get Punjabi Literature Syllabus at the linked article.

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Get Malayalam Literature Book List at the linked article.

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It is never too late to start. If you meet the eligibility criteria of the UPSC Exam , you may start now.

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1. Understand UPSC Syllabus 2. Start with NCERTs and complement with daily newspaper. 3. Refer to UPSC previous years’ question papers. 4. Read Rajiv Ahir’s Brief of Modern History, M. Laxmikanth’s Indian Polity for GS 1 and 2 respectively. 5. Revise often. 6. Take mock tests periodically

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Read how to study IAS after 12th in the linked article.

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Get the complete list of UPSC Books in the linked article.

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Hi, There is a cut off which is released by the UPSC. CSAT is qualifying in nature that is one has to secure at least 33% in it. You can read about UPSC Cut Off in the linked article.

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Hi, Anyone who is eligible for the Exam can start the preparation. For UPSC fundamentals, go through the syllabus sincerely. Then, go through previous years’ question papers. A few links for your reference are added below: 1. UPSC question papers 2. IAS Toppers 3. UPSC Exam Pattern 4. Strategy for working professionals .

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UPSC History Notes
UPSC Geography Notes
UPSC Polity Notes
UPSC Ethics Notes
UPSC Economics Notes
UPSC Science and Technology Notes
UPSC Govt. Schemes Notes
UPSC eligibility-criteria
UPSC Syllabus
UPSC Exam Pattern
UPSC Admit Card
UPSC Optional Subject
UPSC Prelims Syllabus
UPSC Main Exam Pattern
UPSC prelims-2024-exam-pattern
UPSC Mains 2024- Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Admit Card
WBCS Prelims 2022 Questions and Answers; Result With Cut Off
UPSC Prelims Answer Key 2022 - General Studies Paper 1

UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2024

NCERT Medieval History Notes For UPSC Prelims and Mains 2024
UPSC Eligibility Criteria 2024
UPSC Civil Services Exam Pattern: IAS Prelims, Mains Paper Pattern
UPSC Optional Subject list 2024
NCERT Ancient History Notes For UPSC Prelims and Mains 2024
Ethics Chapter-Wise Study Material And Notes For UPSC Exam 2024
UPSC Interview Preparation
Geography NCERT Notes and Study Material For UPSC Exam 2024
UPSC Prelims 2024 - Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Admit Card, Notes
Science and Technology Notes for UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam (Latest Syllabus)
NCERT Indian Polity Notes for UPSC Exam 2024
Modern Indian History NCERT Notes For UPSC
Best Scoring Optional Subject for UPSC
UPSC Notification 2024: Exam Date, Eligibility, Syllabus

UPSC Syllabus 2024 : IAS Prelims & Mains Syllabus PDF

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is India’s prestigious and toughest examination which selects candidates for different civil services. The UPSC Syllabus 2024 acts as a roadmap for candidates who are preparing for UPSC Prelims or UPSC Mains .

In this article, we will delve into the structure of the UPSC Syllabus and shed light on the important areas that candidates must concentrate on during their preparation including UPSC Mains, UPSC Prelims, and Personality Test(Interview). You need to familiarise yourself with the exam pattern and then start preparing for the exams.

Read: UPSC Revised Syllabus

Table of Content

UPSC Complete Syllabus 2024

Upsc prelims exam pattern, upsc prelims examination syllabus, download pdf – upsc syllabus prelims and mains, upsc civil services mains examination 2024, upsc mains exam pattern, upsc mains examination syllabus, upsc optional subjects list, upsc (list of literature optional subject), upsc personality test (final interview).

Here is the complete syllabus for the UPSC Civil Service Examination 2024 and it mainly consists of three stages:

The Preliminary Examination (also known as Civil Services Aptitude Test or CSAT)
The Main Examination
The Personality Test (interview)

The Preliminary Examination acts as a screening test and it comprises two papers:

Paper 1 – General Studies I (GS)
Paper 2 – General Studies Paper II (CSAT)

The exam pattern for UPSC Prelims is provided in the table below:

1. General Studies Paper-I Syllabus

This Paper covers a wide range of subjects, including Indian History, Geography, Polity, Economy, Science and Technology, Environment and Ecology, Current Affairs, and General Knowledge.

UPSC Prelims Syllabus Paper-1 (GS-1)

Current events of national and international importance
Indian and World Geography: Physical, Social, and Economic Geography of India and the World
Indian and World Geography (Physical, Economic Geography of India & the World)
History of India and the Indian National Movement
Economic & Social Development
General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity, and Climate Change
General Science

2. General Studies Paper-II Syllabus (CSAT)

This paper evaluates candidates’ aptitude in areas such as Comprehension, Logical Reasoning, Analytical Ability, Interpersonal Skills, Decision Making, and Problem-Solving.

UPSC Prelims Syllabus Paper-2 (CSAT)

Interpersonal skills including communication skills
Decision-making and problem-solving
Comprehension
General mental ability
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Basic numeracy

The Main Examination is the most crucial stage and tests candidates’ in-depth knowledge of various subjects. It consists of nine papers, which can be categorized as follows:

a) Compulsory Papers: These include Essay Writing, English Language Comprehension, Precis Writing, and General Studies (four papers covering diverse topics such as Indian Heritage and Culture, Governance, International Relations, Ethics, and Integrity).

b) Optional Papers: Candidates need to choose two optional subjects from a list of available disciplines, such as History, Geography, Public Administration, Political Science, Economics, Sociology, and more.

Qualifying Papers on Indian Languages and English

English Language:

Comprehension of given passages.
Precise Writing.
Usage and Vocabulary.
Short Essays.

Indian Languages:

Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Detailed Mains Papers Syllabus 2024

Here is the detailed syllabus for the UPSC Mains Examination 2024:

Paper 1: Essay (250 Marks)

Indian Heritage and Culture
History and Geography of the World and Society
Social Justice, Polity, Constitution, Governance, and International Relations
Economic Development, Technology, Environment, Biodiversity, Security, and Disaster Management
Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude

Paper 2: General Studies I (250 Marks)

Sources, historical development, salient features, and major trends in Indian art, architecture, literature, music, dance, and sculpture from ancient to modern times.
Philosophical and religious movements, their impact on society and culture, and contribution to the national identity.
Important aspects of Indian culture, such as festivals, fairs, and folk arts and traditions.
Major trends in world history, with focus on Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
Important geographical aspects of the world, such as physical features, climate, natural resources, and human development.
Major political and economic events of the world, with focus on the Cold War and the post-Cold War era.

Paper 3: General Studies II (250 Marks)

The Indian Constitution: basic structures, features, modifications, major provisions, and historical context.
Functions and duties of the Union and the States, problems and difficulties with the federal system, and obstacles with the devolution of authority and resources to local levels.
Issues relating to the Indian State, such as secularism, socialism, federalism, and good governance.
Social justice and the empowerment of weaker sections of society, such as women, children, the disabled, and the marginalized.
India’s foreign policy, its role in international relations, and its relations with neighboring countries and important world powers.

Paper 4: General Studies III (250 Marks)

Economic and social development: theories, policies, and strategies.
Development experiences of India and other countries.
Science and technology: developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Environmental issues, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change.
Disaster management: principles, approaches, and mechanisms.

Paper 5: General Studies IV (250 Marks)

Ethics and moral values.
Integrity and its importance in public life.
Aptitude for critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Understanding the implications of government policies and programs.
Awareness of current social, economic, and political issues.

Paper 6 and 7: Optional Subjects (250 Marks Each)

Candidates have to choose two optional subjects from a list of 23 subjects. The syllabus for each optional subject is given on the UPSC website.

Note: The UPSC Mains Exam is a 7-paper exam, with a total of 1750 marks. Candidates are required to qualify in each of the 7 papers to be eligible for the interview. The interview is a 275-mark paper. The total marks for the UPSC Civil Services Exam are 2025.

The list provided in the table below shows the optional subjects for UPSC:

The Syllabus and pattern for each optional subject may vary to the choices of the person. Here giving a general overview of Option Subject Paper I

Subject-specific topics:

The Paper I of the optional subject focuses on the subject-specific topics as per the chosen optional subject.
The syllabus for each optional subject is specified by the UPSC.
Candidates need to have an in-depth understanding of the chosen subject and its core concepts.
The topics covered in Paper I of the optional subject may vary depending on the subject chosen.

Specialized knowledge:

Paper I aims to assess the candidate’s knowledge, comprehension, and analytical skills in the chosen optional subject.
Candidates are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and its various dimensions.

The depth and critical analysis:

Paper I may require candidates to delve deep into the subject and analyze concepts, theories, and their practical application.
Candidates may be expected to critically evaluate different perspectives and provide well-reasoned arguments.

Subject-specific resources:

Candidates should refer to the recommended books, study materials, and resources specific to their chosen optional subject.
It is important to cover the entire syllabus of the chosen subject and prepare thoroughly for Paper I.
It’s important to note down that the syllabus provided in this is basically a broad outline, and candidates are advised to go through the official website of UPSC for notification and also prepare previous year’s question papers to understand the particular topic and sub-topic that need to be covered under every section.

The final stage, the Personality Test which is also known as Interview, assesses the candidate’s suitability for a career in civil services. It is conducted to check the suitability of the candidate for a career in civil services.

1. Purpose:

The interview aims to many focus on the candidate’s personality traits, communication, overall suitability, and leadership quality.
The interview panel assesses the candidate’s understanding of current affairs, general knowledge, and ability to analyze everything and present their point of view on a given topic.

2. Duration and Panel:

The interview duration is 30-40 minutes.
The interview panel consists of UPSC board members and they are experts in various fields including retired civil servants.

3. Approach

The candidate must be in a formal dress and in a structured manner.
candidates should maintain a calm and composed demeanour, provide well-reasoned answers and exhibit good communication skills.

4. Key Areas of Assessment

The candidate must give their opinion on various current events asked by the panel in a clear way.
Question is also related to the application in real-life scenarios and also candidates’ optional subjects so one must prepare their optional subjects properly.

5. Preparation

Candidate must prepare their DAF(Detailed Application Form) and must have a better understanding of whatever information they had provided.
They should be aware of current events, current affairs, national and international issues happening all around the world.
Preparing mock interviews is a must and helps throughout the preparation of the interview.

To prepare better for UPSC Examination, you can go through this article on UPSC Preparation tips it can be beneficial for your exam preparation. It should not be the sole focus of your preparation. Combine it with regular practice, comprehensive study material, and self-assessment through mock tests to maximize your chances of success in the UPSC exam.

Also Check our Latest Article: UPSC Preparation Tips .

Previous year’s papers play a very important role in better preparation for the UPSC Examination. Here you can also refer to this previous year’s question paper along with solutions

UPSC Previous Year Question Paper & Solutions

Conclusion – UPSC Syllabus 2024 : IAS Prelims & Mains Syllabus

In Conclusion, UPSC syllabus is a comprehensive and challenging set of topics that covers a wide range of subjects. It is important to have a strong understanding of all the topics in the syllabus in order to be successful in the UPSC exam. The syllabus is divided into 7 papers, each with its own focus. Candidates are required to start studying early, make a study plan, take practice tests, find a study partner or group, and stay positive.

UPSC Syllabus 2024 : IAS Prelims & Mains Syllabus – FAQs

1. is the upsc syllabus the same for prelims and mains.

There is a difference in the Prelims and Mains Syllabus of UPSC. Prelims have two papers on General Studies while Mains examination consists of nine papers including essays, General studies(I to IV), and two option subjects I and II.

2. Is it necessary to cover the entire syllabus in detail?

It is necessary to have a better understanding of the UPSC Syllabus not compulsory to cover every topic in detail. Stay focus on learning concepts, having knowledge of current affairs, and practicing the previous year’s question papers and mock interviews for better preparation.

3. What are the subjects in UPSC syllabus?

The UPSC syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including Indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world and society, polity, governance, constitution, social justice, and international relations, economic development, technology, environment, biodiversity, security, and disaster management, and ethics, integrity, and aptitude.

4. How many syllabus for UPSC?

There is only one syllabus for the UPSC exam. However, there are 7 papers in the UPSC exam, each with its own syllabus.

5. What are the 9 exams of UPSC?

The UPSC exam consists of 9 exams: Preliminary Examination Main Examination Personality Test (Interview) Language Proficiency Test Physical Efficiency Test (PET) Medical Examination Document Verification Final Selection Joining

6. Is UPSC tough or IAS?

Both UPSC and IAS are tough exams. However, UPSC is the more general exam, while IAS is more specialized. UPSC exams are conducted for different services such as Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS), etc. However, IAS is the most prestigious service among them and is considered to be the toughest to crack.

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UPSC Mains Syllabus: Exam Pattern & Syllabus

In this article we will learn about the UPSC Mains Syllabus in detail. It’s topics and sub-topics, overview and exam pattern.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains: Overview

Candidates who have successfully cleared the preliminary exams are eligible to appear for the Mains exams. It is crucial for candidates to meet the qualifying criteria for each paper at this stage, as this determines their scores and rankings. The Mains exam evaluates a candidate’s academic knowledge and their ability to articulate their understanding effectively according to the question’s requirements within the specified time limit. Candidates are required to achieve the minimum passing marks in all nine papers of the mains exam. The language papers, namely English and Indian Language papers, serve as qualifying papers, while the remaining papers, including GS-I, GS-II, GS-III, GS-IV, Essay paper, Optional Paper 1, and Paper 2, are graded.

Qualifying Papers

Merit Papers

UPSC Mains: Exam Pattern

In the UPSC Mains Exam, there are 2 language papers: Paper A and Paper B. Candidates are required to choose one language from the options listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, as displayed in the bullet points below. English serves as the language for the second paper.

Languages to choose from: According to the UPSC Mains Syllabus, candidates can choose one language from the below listed languages.

Paper A: 300 Marks (Any Indian language should be selected by the candidate)

Paper B: 300 Marks (English)

UPSC Mains Exam Structure: Paper A & Paper B

UPSC Mains Exam Structure: Merit Based Paper

Optional subjects to choose from.

Each candidate must select a single optional subject from a pool of 25 choices mentioned in the UPSC Mains Syllabus. This subject will entail two papers, with a cumulative weightage of 500 marks. The process of choosing the most suitable optional subject for the UPSC mains demands careful deliberation. To make an informed decision, please consult the provided list to determine which optional subject aligns best with your strengths and interests.

Commerce & Accountancy
Agriculture
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
Electrical Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Public Administration
Medical Science
Political Science & International Relations
Anthropology
Civil Engineering

The Mains examination accounts for a total of 1750 marks, calculated from seven papers each worth 250 marks. This detailed article on the UPSC Mains Syllabus must have given you a fair idea as to what one can expect in the examination. Successful candidates proceed to the interview stage, known as the UPSC Personality Test. The candidates’ scores in the interview, totaling 275 marks, are then added to their marks from the UPSC mains. This combined score forms the final merit list of recommended candidates.

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[Mission 2024] Current Affairs Quiz , 15 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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1 . Question

In India, which one of the following is mandated with facilitating monetization of non-core assets of government CPSEs under strategic disinvestment or closure and enemy property?

(a) NITI Aayog
(b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(d) Department of Investment and Public Asset Management

Explanation:

In India, the disinvestment process is overseen by the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM), operating under the Ministry of Finance. DIPAM’s main goal is to manage the government’s investments in public sector enterprises and supervise the disinvestment of government equity in these enterprises. Additionally, in 2005, the government established the National Investment Fund (NIF) to serve as a channel for the proceeds generated from the disinvestment of Central Public Sector Enterprises. The creation of NIF aimed to ensure transparent and efficient utilization of these funds for various developmental purposes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/disinvestment-in-india-a-key-agenda-for-the-next-government/

2 . Question

Which of the following statements about an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is correct?

(a) An IPO is a process where an established public company buys shares of a startup.
(b) An IPO is a type of loan that a company takes from the public.
(c) An IPO is the process of a company buying back its shares from the public.
(d) An IPO occurs when a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time.
An Initial Public Offering (IPO) refers to the process by which a private company becomes a public company by offering its shares to the general public for the first time. This allows the company to raise capital from public investors. Option D correctly describes this process, making it the correct answer. The other options do not accurately describe what an IPO entails.

3 . Question

Which organization releases the Global Financial Stability Report?

(a) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(b) World Bank
(c) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
(d) Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Key findings: The IMF warns of rising cyber threats endangering macro-financial stability, with extreme losses reaching $2.5 billion. Cyberattacks have nearly doubled since the pandemic, with financial firms, especially banks, facing the brunt.
India ranks 10th in cybercrime, with advance fee payment frauds being the most common, according to the World Cybercrime Index developed by the University of Oxford and UNSW Canberra

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/reports-in-news-4/

4 . Question

Plastic Overshoot Day 2024 Report was released by which organization?

(a) World Health Organization (WHO)
(b) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
(c) Plastic Pollution Coalition
(d) Earth Action
Released by Earth Action
Key Findings: In 2024, it’s projected for September 5th globally and April 23rd in India. There has been over 7% rise in global plastic waste since 2021, with 12 countries responsible for 60% of mismanaged plastic waste, including China, India, and Russia.
India is categorized as a Low-Waste-Producing Polluter with a high Mismanaged Waste Index (MWI)
Plastic Overshoot Day (similar to Earth Overshoot Day) marks when global plastic waste surpasses the world’s capacity to manage it, leading to pollution.

5 . Question

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

(a) Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV.
(b) Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine.
(c) Globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses are several times more than those infected with HIV.
(d) Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years.
Released by WHO
India accounted for over 11% of the global burden of hepatitis B & C cases, ranking second after China.
Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by various factors, such as drugs, alcohol, and autoimmune disorders. Symptoms can range from jaundice and fever to chronic illness. The five main strains are A, B, C, D, and E, with B and C leading to chronic disease, liver cirrhosis, cancer, and death. While a vaccine exists for type B, none is available for type C

6 . Question

Consider the following statements:

DTAA is an agreement between two countries to avoid double taxation of income earned in both countries by a resident of either country.
DTAA only applies to individuals and not to companies.
DTAA provides for exemption, credit, or deduction in the country of residence for taxes paid in the source country.

How many of the above statements about Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) is/are correct?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
However, the amended protocol has not been ratified or notified by the Income Tax Department.
There were concerns that investments through Mauritius might face increased scrutiny by tax authorities, potentially affecting past investments as well.
To address this issue and encourage international economic activities, countries sign Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs).
These agreements establish agreed-upon tax rates and jurisdictions for specific types of income received by tax residents of one country from another country.
DTAA aims to prevent international double taxation and promote capital investment, trade, and economic activities between the signatory nations.
The agreements may cover various categories of income, depending on the types of businesses and holdings citizens have in each other’s countries.
S1 is Correct: DTAA is an agreement between two countries to avoid double taxation of income earned in both countries by a resident of either country.
S3 is Correct: DTAA provides for exemption, credit, or deduction in the country of residence for taxes paid in the source country.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/india-mauritius-tax-treaty/

7 . Question

It is a government body set up under the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance.
It recommends the selection of heads for Public Sector Banks.
It helps the Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital raising plans.

How many of the above statements about the Financial Services Institution Bureau (FSIB) is/are correct?

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Constituted in 2022 under the Department of Financial Services (Ministry of Finance), by the Central Government replacing the Bank Board Bureau.
The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) is an organization responsible for selecting directors for state-owned banks and financial institutions in India.
It acts as a head-hunter, identifying and recommending suitable candidates for leadership positions within the financial sector.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/financial-services-institutions-bureau-fsib-2/

8 . Question

Which of the following best describes Web3?

(a) A new version of the World Wide Web that focuses on user-generated content and social media platforms.
(b) An upgrade to Web2 that aims to improve website loading speeds and user experience.
(c) A decentralized internet where users have more control over their data and interactions using blockchain technology.
(d) A design framework for creating visually appealing and interactive websites.
Context: India’s share of Web3 developers globally has surged from 3% in 2018 to 12% in 2023, leading among emerging markets, states a report by Hashed Emergent.
The ecosystem is young, with over 50% of developers joining in the past two years, and female participation has risen from 3% to 14% in five years. The country has a thriving Web3 sector with 1,000 startups and received $250 million in investment in 2023, mainly in finance, entertainment, and infrastructure subsectors.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/web3/

9 . Question

What is the primary source of energy that powers the explosion of a Type II supernova?

(a) Gravitational collapse
(b) Dark energy
(c) Nuclear fusion
(d) Magnetic fields
Context: A significant astronomical discovery regarding the brightest burst of light ever recorded, occurred in 2022.
Researchers found that the burst originated from an exploding star, known as a supernova, located in a distant galaxy. However, the intensity of the burst surpassed expectations, leading to questions about its cause and implications. The burst’s extraordinary brightness, labelled as the “Brightest Of All Time” (B.O.A.T.), puzzled astronomers.
They are massive stellar explosions that occur at the end of a star’s life cycle. They produce and eject vast amounts of energy and material into space. These explosions are responsible for creating and dispersing heavy elements such as gold, platinum, lead, and uranium into the universe.
A Type II supernova results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least eight times, but no more than 40 to 50 times, the mass of the Sun to undergo this type of explosion.
Type II supernovae are distinguished from other types of supernovae by the presence of hydrogen in their spectra.
The primary source of energy that powers the explosion of a Type II supernova is nuclear fusion. As the star runs out of nuclear fuel, it can no longer maintain its core against gravitational collapse, leading to a rapid fusion reaction and subsequent explosion.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/brightest-ever-cosmic-explosion/

10 . Question

Which of the following statements about baobab trees is true?

(a) Baobab trees are native to South America.
(b) Baobab trees can store up to thousands of liters of water in their trunks.
(c) Baobab trees are evergreen and lose their leaves during the dry season.
(d) Baobab trees have a lifespan of only 20-30 years.
Context: The Global Society for the Preservation of Baobabs and Mangroves (GSPBM) has launched a pioneering initiative to revive Madagascar’s iconic baobab trees.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/13/baobab-trees-2/

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UPSC Combined Medical Services Exam 2024: Pattern, Eligibility, Age Limit

Upsc cms 2024: the recruitment drive aims to fill a total of 827 posts. the examination will be held on july 14..

UPSC CMS 2024: The selection process comprises a written test, a personality test.

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is currently accepting applications for the Combined Medical Services (CMS) examination 2024.

Candidates aspiring to serve as Medical Officers Grade, Assistant Divisional Medical Officer, General Duty Medical Officer, or General Duty Medical Officer Gr-II under MCD, CHS, or Indian Railways can submit their applications by April 30 on the official website.

The recruitment drive aims to fill a total of 827 posts. The examination will be held on July 14.

UPSC CMS 2024: Age Limit

Additionally, candidates must not exceed 32 years of age as of August 1, 2024, meaning they must have been born no earlier than August 2, 1992.

UPSC CMS 2024: Selection Process

The selection process comprises written test (Objective MCQs), Personality Test (Interview)

UPSC CMS 2024: Exam Structure

The examination will be conducted according to the following scheme:

Part I: Written Examination (500 marks)
Written examinations will be held for two papers, each carrying 250 marks, lasting two hours.
Part II: Personality Test (100 Marks)
The personality test, worth 100 marks, will be conducted for candidates who qualify for the written examination.

UPSC CMS 2024: Written Examination

The structure and syllabus of the two papers, along with the weightage of different components, are outlined as follows:

Subjects: General Medicine and Paediatrics

Total Questions: 120 (96 from General Medicine, 24 from Paediatrics)

Syllabus: Covers various topics including Cardiology, Respiratory diseases, Gastrointestinal issues, and Neurology in General Medicine, and Common childhood emergencies, Basic newborn care, and Immunization in paediatrics.

Subjects: Surgery, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Preventive & Social Medicine Total Questions: 120 (40 questions from each part)

Syllabus: Includes topics such as General Surgery, Urological Surgery, Neuro Surgery, and Otorhinolaryngology in Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Family Planning in Gynaecology & Obstetrics, and various aspects of Preventive Social and Community Medicine.

Both papers will consist entirely of objective (Multiple Choice Questions) type questions and will be conducted only in English.

UPSC CMS 2024: General Instructions

Candidates must answer the papers in their handwriting, and they are not permitted assistance from a scribe.
However, candidates with certain disabilities may request a scribe if required.
Specific guidelines are provided for candidates with different types of disabilities.

UPSC CMS 2024: Educational Qualification

Applicants must have passed their final MBBS Examination to qualify for the CMS 2024 Exam. Those who have not completed their mandatory rotating internship are also eligible, but their admission will be provisional until the internship is completed.

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UPSC CMS 2024: Application Fee

Candidates from the General or Other Backward Class categories are required to pay a fee of Rs 200. However, Female, SC, ST, and PwBD candidates are exempt from this fee.

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UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, internet reacts

Upsc topper 2023 aditya srivastava's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from the internet..

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UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, netizens react

UPSC topper Aditya Srivastava's essay mock test goes viral
Netizens debate essay's relevance in UPSC
Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava became UPSC 2023 topper

The UPSC 2023 results were recently announced, with Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava emerging as the IAS topper. As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from netizens. Some are questioning the relevance of the essay in UPSC CSE.

The essay, which begins with a reference to Oppenheimer's idea of the Manhattan Project, discusses the balance between logic and emotion--"A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it."

IAS Topper Aditya Srivastava CSE AIR-1 Essay Mock Test Copy ðŸ‘‡ A Thread ðŸçµ pic.twitter.com/Y2SjL2Igff — UPSC NOTES (@UPSC_Notes) April 17, 2024

The Internet is giving the viral essay a mixed response. Some like the reference, while some are unhappy with the curation:

"Not at all impressed," a user commented.

"Salute to perfection," another user posted on X.

"Kids, the only thing matters is a good handwriting," another comment reads.

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UPSC Syllabus

Home » UPSC Syllabus

Aspirants of the Civil Services Examination are at the right place to get the details of the UPSC Syllabus. Here, at Launchpad, you will find the complete IAS Syllabus for all the stages of the examination:

Preliminary Stage – General Studies & CSAT
Mains Stage – 9 Theory Papers (GS I-IV, Language Papers, Essay & Optional)
Personality Test – Interview

UPSC Syllabus for CSE Prelims

IAS Prelims is the first stage of the Civil Services Examination. More than 11 lakh candidates applied for UPSC Prelims in 2023 while approximately 10 lakh candidates applied for the same in 2022.
It is important to know the syllabus for IAS Prelims as it is the screening test that qualifies candidates for the next stage, i.e. Mains. All UPSC Exam aspirants must familiarise themselves with the exam pattern and IAS Exam syllabus first, and then move on with the preparation.
Aspirants preparing for UPSC 2024 must start preparing for the Civil Services exam in February 2023. One year of preparation is a must thing if aspirants want to score well in the UPSC 2024 exam. This timeline of almost a year is crucial if you want to have a planned and smooth preparation phase where you can strengthen your concepts and clarify all doubts related to topics.

Discussing the two papers of the IAS prelims in detail below.

General Studies

The General Studies test is the first paper of the preliminary examination. This test is intended to test the general awareness of a candidate in a wide range of subjects that include: Indian Polity, Geography, History, Indian Economy, Science and Technology, Environment and Ecology, International Relations and associated UPSC Current Affairs 2. Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) (Generally conducted between 2:30 PM and 04:30 PM) This UPSC Prelims syllabus for CSAT intends to assess the aptitude of the candidate in solving ‘Reasoning and Analytical’ questions, apart from ‘Reading Comprehension’ and the occasionally asked ‘Decision Making’ questions. The ‘Decision Making’ based questions are generally exempt from negative marks.

To be noted:

The preliminary examination is only meant for screening a candidate for the subsequent stages of the exam.
The marks obtained in the Prelims will not be added up while arriving at the final rank list.

The subjects included in the prelims are common for all. However, there is an option to opt for a few subjects in the main phase of the examination.

UPSC Syllabus for GS Paper (Prelims Paper I)

Current events of national and international importance.
History of India and Indian National Movement.
Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Economic and Social Development – Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity, and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialisation.
General Science

UPSC Syllabus for CSAT Paper (Prelims Paper-II)

Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including communication skills
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision-making and problem-solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. – Class X level)

UPSC Syllabus for Mains

IAS Mains Exam Pattern

Must-Know Facts about UPSC Mains

The Mains examination constitutes the 2nd phase of the Civil Services Examination. Candidates would be allowed to write the IAS Mains only after successfully qualifying in the prelims exam.
The Mains exam tests the candidate’s academic talent in depth and his/her ability to present his/her understanding according to the question’s requirements in a time-bound manner.
The UPSC Mains exam consists of 9 papers, out of which two are qualifying papers of 300 marks each.
Any Indian Language Paper
English Language Paper
Papers on Essays, General Studies and Optional Subjects of only such candidates who attain 25% marks in both the language papers as a minimum qualifying standard in these qualifying papers, will be taken cognizance of, for evaluation.
In case a candidate does not qualify for these language papers, then the marks obtained by such candidates will not be considered or counted.

IAS Syllabus for UPSC Mains GS-I

General Studies‐I is also called Paper-II of UPSC Mains. It covers – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society. Below is the detailed UPSC syllabus for this paper:

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present – significant events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as the Industrial Revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effects on the society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of globalization on Indian society.
Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Salient features of the world’s physical geography.
Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, Volcanic activity, and cyclones. etc., geographical features and their location changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-II

General Studies-II is also called Paper-III of UPSC Mains. It mainly covers Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations. Below is the detailed UPSC syllabus for this paper:

Constitution of India —historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Separation of powers between various organs disputes redressal mechanisms and institutions.
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, and Human Resources.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Role of civil services in a democracy.
India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-III

GS-III is also called Paper-IV of the UPSC Mains. Below is the detailed UPSC syllabus for this paper:

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, growth, development and employment.
Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Government Budgeting.
Major crop-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Land reforms in India.
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Investment models.
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and development of new technology.
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Disaster and disaster management.
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

IAS Syllabus for Mains GS-IV

General Studies Paper-IV is also called Paper-V of UPSC Mains. The major topics covered under it are Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude. This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitudes and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and problem-solving approaches to various issues and conflicts faced in dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects. The coverage will include the following broad areas:

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; the role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
Emotional intelligence concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world.
Public/Civil Service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Case Studies on the above issues.

IAS Syllabus for Language and Essay Papers

Essay Paper – It is the Paper-I of UPSC Mains

Qualifying Papers on Indian Languages and English

Structure of the language papers:

The types of questions asked are –

Essay – 100 marks
Reading comprehension – 60 marks
Precis Writing – 60 marks
English to compulsory language (e.g. Hindi) – 20 marks
Compulsory language to English – 20 marks
Grammar and basic language usage – 40 marks

Candidates can write the rest of the seven papers in any of the languages mentioned under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India or in English.

Comprehension of given passages.
Precis Writing.
Usage and Vocabulary.
Short Essays.

Indian Languages:-

Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

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'Verbose, pointless': UPSC topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay goes viral, but netizens are not impressed

Aditya srivastava, an alumnus of iit-kanpur, secured the first rank in the upsc civil services examination..

Updated Apr 18, 2024, 1:45 PM IST

The essay starts by mentioning Oppenheimer's concept of the Manhattan Project and explores the interplay between logic and emotion.

IAS Topper Aditya Srivastava CSE AIR-1 Essay Mock Test Copy 👇 A Thread 🧵 pic.twitter.com/Y2SjL2Igff — UPSC NOTES (@UPSC_Notes) April 17, 2024

Despite the high expectations surrounding any content associated with the top-ranking civil servant aspirants, the reaction from netizens has been surprisingly mixed and unenthusiastic. Srivastava's essay failed to impress many of them.

The essay thread garnered substantial attention, accumulating 1.5 million views and sparking considerable engagement with over 7,000 likes and 2,000 shares. Yet, the consensus among viewers does not seem overwhelmingly positive.

Commenting on the thread one of the users wrote, "This is so worthless. Dumping Oppenheimer story in basic English - verbose & pointless."

This is so worthless. Dumping Oppenheimer story in basic english - verbose & pointless. Our priorities seem skewed when we test outdated skills in exams instead of nurturing critical thinkers and innovators. We urgently need to reassess this exam and the candidates. — Ishwar Singh (@IshwarBagga) April 18, 2024

Another user replied, "Fell asleep after reading 2 sentences, can imagine the quality of people who grade these troopers sorry toppers."

Fell Asleep after reading 2 sentences, can imagine the quality of people who grade these troopers sorry toppers — Munda Chan Varga (@munda53870363) April 18, 2024

Have a look at the other reactions here-

If he is AIR 1, then Lord Rama save this country. — Saurabh Srivastava 🇵🇸 (@sasri108) April 18, 2024

The answer seems exactly like ChatGPT answer when it hallucinates. — Sadhu baba (@dosnt_shar_food) April 17, 2024

UPSC CDS Admit Card 2024 (Soon): Important Dates, Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Marking Scheme and More

There will be a penalty for wrong answers marked by a candidate in the objective-type question papers.
Each question presents four alternatives for the answer. If a candidate provides a wrong answer, one-third (0.33) of the marks allocated to that question will be deducted as a penalty.
Should a candidate provide more than one answer, it will be considered incorrect even if one of the given answers is correct. The same penalty as described above will apply to that question.
If a question is left unanswered, with no response from the candidate, no penalty will be applied for that question.

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Essay Syllabus
UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks. Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination
Broadly speaking, there are two types of essays - formal and informal. In the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE), we are concerned with the formal essay. The formal essay is relatively impersonal, the author writes it as an authority and such essays tend to be less emotional. ... Keywords of the essay syllabus 'closely': Any deviation from ...
Essay Syllabus
The syllabus for the essay paper is not specifically defined. Aspiring civil servants preparing for the highly competitive UPSC IAS exam must focus their attention on the essay paper. This is where candidates can showcase their writing skills and analytical abilities. The essay paper is divided into two sections, each consisting of four topics.
Mains Syllabus
Syllabus & Strategy. UPSC Prelims Syllabus; GS Prelims Strategy; Prelims Analysis; Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; Prelims Special. PT Sprint 2024; Sambhav - 2024; PT Sprint 2023; Sambhav - 2023; Path To Prelims; 60 Steps To Prelims; Prelims ...
UPSC Mains Syllabus
The UPSC mains syllabus for 2024 is discussed below and aspirants can also download the IAS syllabus in pdf form. UPSC Mains Syllabus. Download PDF Here. Download UPSC Previous Years Question Papers from the linked article! Download UPSC Mains Question Papers from the linked article! The UPSC Notification for the year 2024 was released on 14th ...
UPSC CSE 2024 Syllabus and Exam Pattern
Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-I: Essay. This paper expects the candidates to write essays on multiple topics. As per the current pattern, the Essay Paper is divided into two sections having multiple topics. The candidate is expected to write essays on two topics, choosing one from each of the two sections.
Essay Syllabus for IAS exam, Mains Syllabus of Essay, Detailed UPSC
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly. From 2014, there are eight topics in the IAS Mains Essay paper segregated in 2 sections. Write two essays choosing one from each of the sections A and B in about 1,000-2,000 words each. The word limit must be adhered to strictly. Each essay will be marked on 125.
Syllabus
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelors' degree and lower than the masters' degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors' degree.
UPSC Essay 2023 Syllabus and Notes
UPSC Essay Syllabus: candidates are expected to 'keep closely to the subject' of the essay and arrange their ideas in an 'orderly fashion'. Credit will be given for 'effective and exact expression'. Your essay must stick to the topic at hand without digressing into unrelated information.
Essay Writing for UPSC: Books, Syllabus, How to Write Essay?
Essay Writing for UPSC: Candidates preparing for the 2023 Civil Services exam must be well versed in Essay Writing for UPSC as it is an important paper in the Mains exam.In the UPSC essay paper, 2 essays have to be written in 3 hours of time.Each essay carries 125 marks in total, which makes this paper worth 250 marks. The word limit for each essay is 1000 to 1200 words.
syllabus
Previous Question Papers; Cut-off Marks; Answer Keys; Marks Information; Public Disclosure of marks & other details of non-recommended willing candidates; Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklet (QCAB) Common mistakes committed by the candidates in Conventional Papers; Revised Syllabus and Scheme; Representation on Question Papers; Demo Files ...
Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2022
Previous Question Papers; Cut-off Marks; Answer Keys; Marks Information; Public Disclosure of marks & other details of non-recommended willing candidates; Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklet (QCAB) Common mistakes committed by the candidates in Conventional Papers; Revised Syllabus and Scheme; Representation on Question Papers; Demo Files ...
Essay Syllabus for UPSC
The UPSC mains syllabus does not have any prescribed syllabus for the essay paper as such. As per the UPSC, " Candidates are expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression .".
UPSC Syllabus 2024
CSAT - 2 Hours (2:30 PM - 4:30 PM) UPSC Syllabus for Prelims Exam is divided into two papers i.e., General Studies Paper 1 and General Studies Paper 2. UPSC Prelims 2024 exam will be held on 26th May 2024. Here we have discussed the complete UPSC Prelims Syllabus for both papers. IAS Prelims Exam: Two Papers in Detail.
UPSC Main: Compulsory Papers Syllabus (Essay)
UPSC Main: Compulsory Papers Syllabus (Essay) CIVIL SERVICE MAIN EXAMINATION. Compulsory Subjects Syllabus ESSAY. Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice of subjects will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write ...
UPSC Mains Syllabus 2023-24
The UPSC Mains Syllabus PDF is freely accessible and downloadable from the URL provided below, giving candidates a simple and well-organized resource for their test preparation. There will be nine conventional essay-style papers in the written examination. The UPSC Exam consists of three subsequent stages:
UPSC Syllabus 2024
The UPSC syllabus is designed to assess candidates' knowledge, aptitude, and analytical abilities, and it comprises two stages: the Preliminary Examination (Prelims) and the Main Examination (Mains), followed by an interview/personality test. The UPSC Syllabus for Prelims includes two compulsory papers: General Studies Paper-I and General Studies Paper-II (also known as the CSAT or Civil ...
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Here, at BYJU'S, you will find the complete IAS Syllabus for all the stages of the examination: Preliminary Stage - General Studies & CSAT. Mains Stage - 9 Theory Papers (GS I-IV, Language Papers, Essay & Optional) Personality Test - Interview. UPSC Syllabus in English (IAS Prelims):- Download PDF Here.
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Also Read: UPSC Prelims Syllabus. UPSC Mains: Exam Pattern Qualifying Papers. In the UPSC Mains Exam, there are 2 language papers: Paper A and Paper B. Candidates are required to choose one language from the options listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, as displayed in the bullet points below. English serves as the language ...
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In Short. The UPSC 2023 results were recently announced, with Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava emerging as the IAS topper. As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from netizens.
UPSC Syllabus
IAS Syllabus for Language and Essay Papers. Essay Paper - It is the Paper-I of UPSC Mains; Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
'Verbose, pointless': UPSC topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay goes
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Essay Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam UPSC

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UPSC CSE 2024 Exam Pattern and Syllabus

Synoptic Overview of UPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Exam

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Paper-I: General Studies

History of India and Indian National Movement

Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World

Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc .

Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc .

General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization

General Science

Syllabus for UPSC Prelims Paper-II: CSAT

Exam Pattern for UPSC Main Exam

Syllabus for UPSC Main Exam

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-A: Indian Languages

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-B: English

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-II: General Studies-I

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-III: General Studies-II

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-IV: General Studies-III

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-V: General Studies-IV

Syllabus for UPSC Main Paper-VI: Optional Papers I and II

Personality Test (Interview)

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UPSC Essay Syllabus 2023

UPSC Essay Syllabus:

Basics of essay paper:

3 ELEMENTS OF ESSAY:

How to Choose a topic

2A. Interpreting the Topic Correctly :

2B. Creating the Skeletal Structure of Your Essay :

ESSAY PAPER – UPSC Civil Services Mains – 2022

Avoiding Common Pitfalls in UPSC Civil Services Exam Essay Writing

Previous Years Essay Topics: (2015-2022):

Socio-Economic Essay Topics:

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Conclusion Phrases and Quotes for Essay Writing:

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Essay Syllabus for UPSC

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FAQs for Essay for UPSC

2. How does the UPSC contribute to fostering diversity in the civil services?

3. What challenges do aspirants face in preparing for the UPSC exam, and how can they overcome them?

4. How does the UPSC exam contribute to the development of leadership qualities among candidates?

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