architecture essay listening answers

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Design of a public building

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We’ve been discussing the factors the architect has to consider when designing domestic buildings. I’m going to move on now to consider the design of public buildings, and I’ll illustrate this by referring to the new Taylor Concert Hall that’s recently been completed here in the city.

So, as with a domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the building - for example, is it to be used primarily for entertainment, or for education, or for administration? The second thing the architect needs to think about

is the context of the building, this includes its physical location, obviously, but it also includes, the social meaning of the building. how it relates to the people it’s built for. And finally, for important public buildings, the architect may also be looking for a central symbolic idea on which to base the design, a sort of metaphor for the building and the way in which it is used.

Let's look at the new Taylor Concert Hall in relation to these ideas. The location chosen was a site in a run-down district that has been ignored in previous redevelopment plans. It was occupied by a factory that had been empty for some years. The whole area was some distance from the high-rise office blocks of the central business district and shopping centre,

but it was only one kilometre from the ring road. The site itself was bordered to the north by a canal which had once been used by boats bringing in raw materials when the area was used for manufacturing.

The architect chosen for the project was Tom Harrison. He found the main design challenge was the location of the site in an area that had no neighbouring buildings of any importance. To reflect the fact that the significance of the building in this quite run-down location was as yet unknown, he decided to create a building centred around the idea of a mystery -something whose meaning still has to be discovered.

So how was this reflected in the design of the building? Well, Harrison decided to create

pedestrian access to the building and to make use of the presence of water on the site. As people approach the entrance, they therefore have to cross over a bridge . He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from a distance, and then

close-up. and the initial impression he wanted to create from the shape of the building as a whole was that of a box . The first side that people see, the southern wall, is just a high, flat wall uninterrupted by any windows. This might sound off-putting, but it supports Harrison’s concept of the building - that the person approaching is intrigued and wonders what will be

inside. And this flat wall also has another purpose. At night-time, projectors are switched on and it functions as a huge screen , onto which images are projected.

Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

DESIGNING A PUBLIC BUILDING:

The taylor concert hall.

Introduction

The designer of a public building may need to consider the building’s

• function

• physical and 1 context Answer: social Locate Listen from here

• symbolic meaning

Location and concept of the Concert Hall

On the site of a disused 2 Answer: factory Locate Listen from here

Beside a 3 Answer: canal Locate Listen from here

The design is based on the concept of a mystery

Building design

It’s approached by a 4 for pedestrians Answer: bridge Locate Listen from here

The building is the shape of a 5 Answer: box Locate Listen from here

One exterior wall acts as a large 6 Answer: screen Locate Listen from here

In the auditorium:

- the floor is built on huge pads made of 7 Answer: rubber Locate Listen from here

- the walls are made of local wood and are 8 in shape Answer: curved Locate Listen from here

- ceiling panels and 9 on walls allow adjustment of acoustics Answer: curtains Locate Listen from here

Some critics say the 10 style of the building is inappropriate Answer: international Locate Listen from here

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IELTS Listening Test 117

Part 1: Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Architecture 21 conference

Conference dates: (1) Conference venue: (2) Reservations phone no.: (3) Student rate per day: (4) Contact person: (5)

Must act fast:

Closing date for talks: (6) Summary should have: (7) Maximum length: (8) Also send: (9) Email address: (10) @uniconf.edu.au

Part 2: Question 11 Complete the sentence below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for the answer.

11. The house was built between

Question 12 Tick one letter A-C.

12. It was originally constructed as a/ an: A family home B office C public house

Questions 13-15 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

13. The house contains art from 14. Until recently, the art gallery was 15. Tomorrow’s talk will be on

Questions 16-20 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

16. Breakfast is served in the cafeteria or 17. You can choose between English breakfast or 18. A car park was built because of an increase in 19. The garden contains many 20. The animals at Apsley House are all

Part 3: Questions 21-25 Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

21. Which college does Chris suggest would be best? A Lees Conservatory of Contemporary Music B The Henry Music Institute C The Academy in London

22. What entry requirements are common to all the colleges? A an audition B an essay C an interview

23. How much does the course at Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music cost? A £6000 a year B £7000 a year C £8000 a year

24. What other expenses are payable to the colleges? A application fee B insurance C train fare

25. When is the deadline for Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music? A January 9th B January 19th C January 30th

Questions 26-30 Which facilities do the colleges have?

Choose FIVE answers from the list below and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 26-30.

Facilities A large gardens B multiple sites C practice rooms D recording studio E research facility F student canteen G technology suite

Colleges 26. Northdown College 27. The Academy in London 28. Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music 29. The Henry Music Institute 30. The James Academy of Music

Part 4: Questions 31-35 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

The health benefits of art and music

31. According to the speaker, art and music can benefit patients’ emotional and physical well-being. 32. Florence Nightingale first noted the improvements in the year 33. The results of many did not prove a link between health and art as they were rarely 34. The American study looked at the effects of architecture on patients’ 35. The patients who were in a ward with a were not in hospital for as long and needed less medication.

Questions 36-40 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Recent Research Projects

1. 18-20 October 2. the pacific hotel 3. 0793332266 4. $60 5. professor burt 6. last friday 7. an interesting title 8. 300 words 9. brief CV 10. info 11. 1771-1778 12. B 13. all over europe 14. closed to public 15. the art gallery 16. your room 17. vegetarian food 18. visitors 19. animals 20. very friendly 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. E 27. B 28. C 29. G 30. D 31. social 32. 1860 33. strictly controlled 34. recovery time 35. nice view 36. live music 37. artistic pictures 38. less pain 39. classical (music) 40. (felt) happier

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IELTS Listening Practice Test 133

Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Architecture 21 conference

Conference dates: (1) …………………. Conference venue: (2) …………………. Reservations phone no.: (3) …………………. Student rate per day: (4) …………………. Contact person: (5) ………………….

Must act fast:

Closing date for talks: (6) …………………. Summary should have: (7) …………………. Maximum length: (8) …………………. Also send: (9) …………………. Email address: (10) …………………. @uniconf.edu.au

Question 11 Complete the sentence below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for the answer.

11. The house was built between ………………….

Question 12 Tick one letter A-C.

12. It was originally constructed as a/ an: A family home B office C public house

Questions 13-15 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

13. The house contains art from …………………. 14. Until recently, the art gallery was …………………. 15. Tomorrow’s talk will be on ………………….

Questions 16-20 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

16. Breakfast is served in the cafeteria or …………………. 17. You can choose between English breakfast or …………………. 18. A car park was built because of an increase in …………………. 19. The garden contains many …………………. 20. The animals at Apsley House are all ………………….

Questions 21-25 Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

21. Which college does Chris suggest would be best? A Lees Conservatory of Contemporary Music B The Henry Music Institute C The Academy in London

22. What entry requirements are common to all the colleges? A an audition B an essay C an interview

23. How much does the course at Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music cost? A £6000 a year B £7000 a year C £8000 a year

24. What other expenses are payable to the colleges? A application fee B insurance C train fare

25. When is the deadline for Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music? A January 9th B January 19th C January 30th

Questions 26-30 Which facilities do the colleges have?

Choose FIVE answers from the list below and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 26-30.

Facilities A large gardens B multiple sites C practice rooms D recording studio E research facility F student canteen G technology suite

Colleges 26. Northdown College …………………. 27. The Academy in London …………………. 28. Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music …………………. 29. The Henry Music Institute …………………. 30. The James Academy of Music ………………….

Questions 31-35 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

The health benefits of art and music

31. According to the speaker, art and music can benefit patients’ emotional …………………. and physical well-being. 32. Florence Nightingale first noted the improvements in the year …………………. 33. The results of many did not prove a link between health and art as they were rarely …………………. 34. The American study looked at the effects of architecture on patients’ …………………. 35. The patients who were in a ward with a …………………. were not in hospital for as long and needed less medication.

Questions 36-40 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

IELTS Listening Practice Test 132

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Architecture Essays 101: How to be an effective writer

Updated: October 25, 2023

The world of architecture stands at a fascinating crossroads of creativity and academia. As architects cultivate ideas to shape the physical world around us, we are also tasked with articulating these concepts through words.

Architecture essays, thus, serves as a bridge between the visual and the textual, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of architectural ideas and their implications.

The ability to articulate thoughts, analyses, and observations on design and theory is as crucial as creating the designs themselves. An architectural essay is not just about presenting information but about conveying an understanding of spaces, structures, and the stories they tell.

Whether you’re delving into the nuances of a specific architectural movement , analyzing the design of a historic monument, or predicting the future of sustainable design, the written word becomes a powerful tool to express intricate ideas.

This guide provides a comprehensive roadmap for crafting insightful architectural essays, ensuring that your perspectives on this multifaceted discipline are communicated effectively and engagingly.

Understanding the Unique Nature of Architecture Essay s

Architecture sits on a unique line between the aesthetic and the analytical, where designs are appreciated not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their functionality and historical relevance.

An architecture essay isn’t just a manifestation of this intricate blend; it’s a testament to it. Aspiring architects or students of architecture must grasp the singular characteristics of this type of essay to truly succeed.

Embracing Creativity

When one imagines essays, the mind typically conjures up dense blocks of text. However, an architecture essay allows, and even demands, a flair of creativity.

Visual representations, be it in the form of diagrams , sketches , or photographs , aren’t just supplementary; they can form the core of your argument.

For instance, if you’re discussing the evolution of skyscraper designs , a chronological array of sketches can provide an insightful, immediate overview that words might struggle to convey.

Recognizing and capitalizing on this visual component can elevate the impact of your essay.

Theoretical Foundations

Yet, relying solely on creative illustrations won’t suffice. The foundation of every solid architecture essay is a strong understanding of architectural theories, principles , and historical contexts. Whether you’re analyzing the gothic cathedrals of Europe or the minimalist homes of Japan, delving deep into the why and how of their designs is crucial.

How did the social, economic, and technological conditions of the time influence these structures?

…How do they compare with contemporary designs?

Theoretical exploration provides depth to your essay, grounding your observations and opinions in recognized knowledge and pre-existing debates.

Furthermore, case studies play an essential role in these essays.

Instead of making sweeping statements, anchor your points in specific examples. Discussing the sustainability features of a particular building or the ergonomic design of another offers tangible evidence to support your arguments.

Blending the Two

The magic of an architecture essay lies in seamlessly weaving the creative with the theoretical.

While you showcase a building’s design through visuals, delve into its history, purpose, and societal implications with your words. This blend not only offers a holistic understanding of architectural marvels but also caters to a broad audience, ensuring your essay is both engaging and enlightening.

In conclusion, understanding the unique blend of design elements and theoretical discussion in an architecture essay sets the foundation for an impactful piece.

It’s about striking a balance between showing and telling, between the artist’s sketches and the academic’s observations. With this understanding, you’re better equipped to venture into the exciting world of architectural essay writing.

Choosing the Right Topic

Architectural essays stand apart in their blend of technical knowledge, aesthetic sense, and historical context. The topic you choose not only sets the tone for your essay but can also significantly affect the enthusiasm and rigor with which you approach the writing.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to selecting the right topic for your architecture essay:

Find your Golden Nugget:

Personal Resonance: Your topic should excite you. Think about the architectural designs, movements, or theories that have made an impact on you. Perhaps it’s a specific building you’ve always admired or an architectural trend you’ve noticed emerging in your city.
Uncharted Territory: Exploring less-known or under-discussed areas can give you a unique perspective and make your essay stand out. Instead of writing another essay on Roman architecture, consider focusing on the influence of Roman architecture on contemporary design or even on a specific region.

Researching Broadly:

Diversify Your Sources: From books and academic journals to documentaries and interviews, use varied materials to spark ideas. Often, an unrelated article can lead to a unique essay topic.
Current Trends and Issues: Look at contemporary architecture magazines , websites , and blogs to gauge what’s relevant and debated in today’s architectural world. It might inspire you to contribute to the discussion or even challenge some prevailing ideas.

Connecting with Design Projects:

Personal Projects: If you’ve been involved in a design project, whether at school or professionally, consider exploring themes or challenges you encountered. This adds personal anecdotes and insights which enrich the essay.
Case Studies: Instead of going broad, consider going deep. Dive into a single building or architect’s work. Analyzing one subject in-depth can offer nuanced perspectives and help demonstrate your analytical skills.

Feasibility of Research:

Availability of Resources: While choosing an obscure topic can make your essay unique, ensure you have enough resources or primary research opportunities to support your arguments.
Scope: The topic should be neither too broad nor too narrow. It should allow for in-depth exploration within the word limit of the essay. For instance, “Modern Architecture” is too broad, but “The Influence of Bauhaus on Modern Apartment Design in Berlin between 1950-1970” is more focused.

Finding the right topic is a journey, and sometimes it requires a few wrong turns before you hit the right path. Stay curious, be patient, and remember that the best topics are those that marry your personal passion with academic rigor. Your enthusiasm will shine through in your writing, making the essay engaging and impactful.

Organizational Tools and Systems for an Effective Architecture Essay

Writing an essay on architecture is a blend of creative expression and meticulous research. As you delve deep into topics, theories, and case studies, it becomes imperative to keep your resources organized and accessible.

This section introduces you to a set of tools and systems tailored for architectural essay writing.

Using Digital Aids

Notion: This versatile tool provides a workspace that integrates note-taking, database creation, and task management. For an architecture essay, you can create separate pages for your outline, research, and drafts. The use of templates can streamline the writing process and help in maintaining a structured approach.
MyBib: Citing resources is a crucial part of essay writing. MyBib acts as a lifesaver by generating citations in various styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) and organizing them for easy access. Make sure to cross-check and ensure accuracy.
Evernote: This tool allows you to clip web pages, articles, or images that inspire or contribute to your essay. You can annotate, highlight, and categorize your findings in different notebooks.

Systematic Research

Organizing Findings: Develop a system where each finding, whether it’s a quote, image, or data point, has its source attached. Use color-coding or tags to denote different topics or relevance levels.
Note Galleries: Convert your key points into visual cards. This technique can be especially helpful in architectural essays, where visual concepts may be central to your argument.
Sorting by Source Type: Separate your research into categories like academic journals, books, articles, and interviews. This will make it easier when referencing or looking for a particular kind of information.

Strategies for Effective Literature Review

Skimming vs. In-depth Reading: Not every source needs a detailed read. Learn to differentiate between foundational texts that require in-depth understanding and those where skimming for key ideas is sufficient.
Note-making Techniques: Adopt methods like the Cornell Note-taking System, mind mapping, or bullet journaling, depending on what suits your thought process best. These methods help in breaking down complex ideas into manageable chunks.
Staying Updated: The world of architecture is evolving. Ensure you’re not missing any recent papers, articles, or developments related to your topic. Setting up Google Scholar alerts or RSS feeds can be beneficial.

Organizing your research and using tools efficiently will not only streamline your writing process but will also enhance the quality of your essay. As you progress, you’ll discover what techniques and tools work best for you.

The key is to maintain consistency and always be open to trying out new methods to improve your workflow and efficiency.

Writing Techniques and Tips for an Architecture Essay

An architecture essay, while deeply rooted in academic rigor, is also a canvas for innovative ideas, design critiques, and a reflection of the architectural zeitgeist. Here’s a deep dive into techniques and tips that can elevate your essay from merely informative to truly compelling.

Learning from Others

Read Before You Write: Before diving into your own writing, spend some time exploring essays written by others. Understand the flow, the structure, the narrative techniques, and how they tie their thoughts cohesively.
Inspirational Sources: Journals, academic papers, architecture magazines, and opinion pieces offer a wealth of writing styles. Notice how varied perspectives bring life to similar topics.

Using Jargon Judiciously

Maintain Clarity: While it’s tempting to use specialized terminology extensively, remember your essay should be accessible to a broader audience. Use technical terms when necessary, but ensure they’re explained or inferred.
Balancing Act: Maintain a balance between academic writing and creative expression. Let the jargon complement your narrative rather than overshadowing your message.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls

Plagiarism – The Silent Offender: Always give credit where credit is due. Even if you feel you’ve paraphrased sufficiently, ensure your sources are adequately referenced. Utilize plagiarism check tools to ensure originality.
Stay Focused: It’s easy to get lost in the vast world of architecture. Ensure your writing stays on topic, refraining from veering too far from your central theme.
Conciseness: While detailed elaboration can be insightful, verbosity can drown your main points. Be succinct where necessary.

Craft a Compelling Introduction and Conclusion

First Impressions: Your introduction should provide context, state the purpose of your essay, and capture the reader’s interest. Think of it as the blueprint of a building – it should give an idea of what to expect.
Tying it All Together: Your conclusion should summarize your main points, reflect on the implications of your findings, and perhaps even propose further areas of study or exploration.

Use Active Voice

Direct and Dynamic: Active voice makes your writing sound more direct and lively. Instead of writing, “The design was critiqued by several architects,” try “Several architects critiqued the design.”

Personalize your Narrative

Your Unique Voice: Architecture, at its core, is about human experiences and spaces. Infuse your writing with personal observations, experiences, or reflections where relevant. This personal touch can make your essay stand out.

Revise, Revise, Revise

The First Draft is Rarely the Final: Writing is a process. Once you’ve penned down your initial thoughts, revisit them. Refine the flow, enhance clarity, and ensure your argument is both cogent and captivating.

Remember, an architecture essay is both a testament to your academic understanding and a reflection of your perspective on architectural phenomena. Treat it as a synthesis of research, observation, creativity, and structured argumentation, and you’ll craft an essay that resonates.

Incorporating Sources Seamlessly

In architectural essays, as with most academic endeavors, sources form the backbone of your assertions and claims. They lend credibility to your arguments and showcase your understanding of the topic at hand. But it’s not just about listing references.

It’s about weaving them into your essay so seamlessly that your reader not only comprehends your point but also recognizes the strong foundation on which your arguments stand. Here’s how you can incorporate sources effectively:

Effective Quotation:

Blend with the Narrative: Direct quotations should feel like a natural extension of your writing. For instance, instead of abruptly inserting a quote, use lead-ins like, “As architect Jane Smith argues, ‘…'”
Use Sparingly: While direct quotes can validate a point, over-relying on them can overshadow your voice. Use them to emphasize pivotal points and always ensure you contextualize their significance.
Adapting Quotes: Occasionally, for the sake of flow, you might need to change a word or phrase in a quote. If you do, denote changes with square brackets, e.g., “[The building] stands as a testament to modern design.”

Referencing Techniques:

Parenthetical Citations: Most academic essays utilize parenthetical (or in-text) citations, where a brief reference (usually the author’s surname and the publication year) is provided within the text itself.
Footnotes and Endnotes: Some referencing styles prefer notes, which can provide additional context or information without interrupting the flow of the essay.
Consistency is Key: Stick to one referencing style throughout your essay, whether it’s APA, MLA, Chicago, or any other format.

Using Notes Effectively:

Annotate as You Go: When reading, jot down insights or connections you make in the margins or in your note-taking app. This will help you incorporate sources in a way that feels relevant and organic.
Maintain a Bibliography: Keeping a running list of all the sources you encounter will make the final citation process smoother. With tools like Zotero or MyBib, you can auto-generate and manage bibliographies with ease.
Critical Analysis over Summary: While it’s vital to understand and convey the main points of a source, it’s equally crucial to critique, interpret, or discuss its relevance in the context of your essay.

Remember, the objective of referencing isn’t just to show that you’ve done the reading or to avoid accusations of plagiarism. It’s about building on the work of others to create your unique narrative and perspective.

Always strive for a balance, where your voice remains at the forefront, but is consistently and credibly supported by your sources.

Designing Your Essay

Architecture is an intricate tapestry of creativity, precision, and innovation. Just as a building’s design can make or break its appeal, the visual presentation of your essay plays a pivotal role in how it’s received.

Below are steps and strategies to ensure your architecture essay isn’t just a treatise of words but also a feast for the eyes.

Visual Aesthetics: More Than Just Words

Whitespace and Balance: Much like in architecture, the empty spaces in your essay—the margins, line spacing, and breaks between paragraphs—matter. Whitespace can make your essay appear more organized and readable.
Fonts and Typography: Choose a font that is both legible and evocative of your essay’s tone. A serif font like Times New Roman may offer a traditional, academic feel, while sans-serif fonts like Arial or Calibri lend a modern touch. However, always adhere to submission guidelines if provided.
Use of Imagery: If allowed, incorporating relevant images, charts, or diagrams can enhance understanding and add a visual flair to your essay. Make sure to caption them properly and ensure they’re of high resolution.

Relevance to Topic: Visuals That Complement Content

Thematic Design: Ensure any design elements—be they color schemes, borders, or footers—tie back to your essay’s topic or the architectural theme you’re discussing.
Visual Examples: If you’re discussing a specific architectural movement or an iconic building, consider incorporating relevant images, sketches, or blueprints to give readers a visual point of reference.

Examples of Unique Design Ideas

Sidebars and Callouts: Much like how modern buildings might feature a unique design element that stands out, sidebars or callouts can be used to highlight crucial points, quotes, or tangential information.
Integrated Infographics: For essays discussing data, trends, or historical timelines, infographics can be an innovative way to present information. They synthesize complex data into digestible visual formats.
Annotations: If you’re critiquing or discussing a specific image, annotations can be helpful. They allow you to pinpoint and elaborate on specific elements within the image directly.

Consistency is Key

Maintain a Theme: Just as in architectural design, maintaining a consistent visual theme throughout your essay creates harmony and cohesion. This could be in the form of consistent font usage, header designs, or color schemes.
Captions and References: Any visual aid, be it a photograph, illustration, or chart, should be captioned consistently and sourced correctly to avoid plagiarism.

In the realm of architectural essays, the saying “ form follows function ” is equally valid. Your design choices should not just be aesthetic adornments but should serve to enhance understanding, readability, and engagement.

By taking the time to thoughtfully design your essay, you are not only showcasing your architectural insights but also your keen eye for design, thereby leaving a lasting impression on your readers.

Finalizing Your Essay

Finalizing an architecture essay is a task that demands a meticulous approach. The difference between an average essay and an outstanding one often lies in the refinement process. Here, we explore the steps to ensure that your essay is in its best possible form before submission.

Proofreading:

Grammar and Syntax Checks: Always use tools like Grammarly or Microsoft Word’s spellchecker, but remember, they aren’t infallible. After an initial electronic check, read the essay aloud. This can help in catching awkward phrasing and any overlooked errors.
Consistency in Language and Style: Ensure that you maintain a uniform style and tone throughout. If you begin with UK English, for instance, stick with it till the end.
Flow and Coherence: The essay should have a logical progression. Each paragraph should lead seamlessly into the next, with clear transitions.

Feedback Loop:

Peer Reviews: Having classmates or colleagues read your essay can provide fresh perspectives. They might catch unclear sections or points of potential expansion that you might have missed.
Expert Feedback: If possible, seek feedback from instructors or professionals in the field. Their insights can greatly enhance the quality of your content.
Acting on Feedback: Merely receiving feedback isn’t enough. Be prepared to make revisions, even if it means letting go of sections you’re fond of, for the overall improvement of the essay.

Aligning with University Requirements:

Formatting: Adhere strictly to the specified format. Whether it’s APA, Chicago, or MLA, make sure your citations, font, spacing, and margins are in line with the guidelines.
Word Count: Most institutions will have a stipulated word count. Ensure you’re within the limit. If you’re over, refine your content; if you’re under, see if there are essential points you might have missed.
Supplementary Materials: For architecture essays, you might need to attach diagrams, sketches, or photographs. Ensure these are clear, relevant, and properly labeled.
Referencing: Properly cite all your sources. Any claim or statement that isn’t common knowledge needs to be attributed to its source. Also, ensure that your bibliography or reference list is comprehensive and formatted correctly.

Final Read-through:

After making all the changes, set your essay aside for a day or two, if time permits. Come back with fresh eyes and do one last read-through. This distance can often help you catch any remaining issues.

Finalizing your architecture essay is as vital as the initial stages of research and drafting. The care you take in refining and polishing your work reflects your commitment to excellence. When you’ve gone through these finalization steps, you can submit your essay confidently, knowing you’ve given it your best shot.

To Sum Up…

Writing an architecture essay is a unique challenge that requires a balance of creativity, critical thinking, and academic rigor. The process demands not just a deep understanding of architectural theories and case studies but also an ability to express these complex ideas clearly and compellingly.

Throughout this article, we have explored various facets of crafting an excellent architecture essay, from choosing a resonant topic and conducting thorough research to employing effective writing techniques and incorporating sources seamlessly.

The visual aspect of an architecture essay cannot be overlooked. As architects blend functionality with aesthetics in their designs, so too must students intertwine informative content with visual appeal in their essays. This is an opportunity to showcase not only your understanding of the subject matter but also your creativity and attention to detail.

Remember, a well-designed essay speaks volumes about your passion for architecture and your dedication to the discipline.

As we wrap up this guide, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of meticulous proofreading and seeking feedback. These final steps are vital in ensuring that your essay is free from errors and that your arguments are coherent and compelling.

Engaging in a feedback loop with peers, mentors, or advisors can provide valuable insights and help to refine your work further.

Additionally, always ensure that your essay aligns with the specific requirements set forth by your university or institution. Pay attention to details like font styles, referencing methods, and formatting guidelines.

These elements, while seemingly minor, play a significant role in creating a polished and professional final product.

Keep practicing, keep learning, and remember that each essay is a stepping stone toward mastering the art of architectural writing.

FAQs about Architecture Essays

Do architecture students have to write essays.

Yes, architecture students often have to write essays as part of their academic curriculum. While architecture is a field that heavily involves visual and practical skills, essays and written assignments play a crucial role in helping students develop their critical thinking, research, and analytical skills.

While hands-on design work and practical projects are integral parts of an architectural education, essays play a crucial role in developing the theoretical, analytical, and communication skills necessary for success in the field.

By writing essays, architecture students learn to think critically, research effectively, and communicate their ideas clearly, laying a strong foundation for their future careers.

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IELTS Academic Listening Practice Test – 27 (with Answers)

IELTS Academic Listening Practice Test With Answers: This is the 27 th test of our ‘LISTENING Practice Test Series ‘. All tests are based on real exam patterns and correspond to the actual difficulty level you may find in the IELTS.

This test is divided into four sections – Section 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Section 1 is a man talking to a landlady about a new apartment.

Section 2 is a radio announcer talking about the entertainment events.

Section 3 is a discussion between two Early Education students on how babies will learn.

Section 4 is an Engineer giving presentation about a female Engineer called Sarah Gappy.

You can check your answers & calculate your band scores at the end of this test. It is strongly advised to print the sample answer sheet and mark your answers on the sheet itself.

IELTS Academic Listening practice test 2021 with answers

Be careful not to write down any information as part of an answer that is already given in the form/notes/table. For example, $ or a or the , etc.

Question 1-5

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Questions 6-10

Complete the form below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Questions 11-15

Choose the correct letter – A, B or C.

11) What is new about the Writer’s Festival this year?

A. more international guests

B. extra time for questions

C. additional locations for events

12) Tickets for the Wearable Art event …

A. are selling out quickly

B. have been reduced in price

C. must be booked in advance

13) Ocean Times at Bright’s Beach is …

A. a sporting competition for adults

B. an educational event for all ages

C. a play day for young children

14) People going to the Artscape Exhibition …

A. should wear appropriate clothing

B. must keep to the proper path

C. need to arrive at a certain time

15) Tours of the Civil Theatre …

A. do not happened often

B. have never happened before

C. may happen more regularly in future

Questions 16-20

What comment does the speaker make about each of the following events?

Write the correct letter – A, B or C , next to questions 16-20.

You may use any letter more than once.

A. the location has changed

B. transport will be a problem

C. the event might be crowded

16) Night Market ➡️ ……………

17) Buskers Festival ➡️ ……………

18) Stand Up for Kids ➡️ ……………

19) Sunday Unplugged ➡️ ……………

20) Ignite Dance Finals ➡️ ……………

Questions 21-22

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

What TWO problems do the students identify with ‘learning videos’?

A. Babies lose interest too quickly.

B. Babies need to explore things.

C. Babies want to be with other babies.

D. Babies’ eyes may be damaged.

E. Babies should have contact with adults

Questions 23-24

Choose TWO l etters, A-E.

When discussing the ‘present research’, Maya is surprised that …

A. ordinary people have altered their habits.

B. the findings are very detailed.

C. most babies behave the same way.

D. boys and girls like different toys.

E. the methodology has been criticised.

Questions 25-26

What impresses the students about the bilingual experiment in Spain?

A. the long-term effects of the lessons

B. the large number of research subjects

C. the fact that the children enjoyed themselves

D. the fact that teachers had the same training

E. the response of schools to the findings

Questions 27-30

Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F , next to questions 27-30.

What was the finding of each of the following research studies?

A. Babies understand cause and effect.

B. Babies like physical exercise.

C. Babies like their actions to be copied.

D. Babies are excited by surprises.

E. Babies recognise basic grammar.

F. Babies like to help other people.

Research studies

27) Dr Pritchard’s study ➡️ …………….

28) The three-year-old’s study ➡️ …………….

29) Professor Michelson’s study ➡️ …………….

30) The United States study ➡️ …………….

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes given below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

THE ENGINEER SARAH GAPPY, 1770-1852

IELTS Academic Listening Practice Test – 27 Answer Key

E 738 2991 TP
7th/7 APRIL
B/E (any order)
B/C (any order)
A/D (any order)

About Academic IELTS Listening Test Answers

IELTS is an important component, and passing it could make your dream of migrating to Ottawa successful. IELTS Academic Listening Practice Test – 27 belongs to the ‘Moderate’ category. So, if you are scoring 32+/40 in this practice test answers you are highly likely to hit band 7 and above in the real exam setting.

MAKE SURE TO CHECK OUT OUR IELTS GENERAL LISTENING PRACTICE TEST AS WELL.

All the best!!!

IELTS Academic Listening Practice Test – 24 (with PDF)
IELTS Listening Computer-Based Academic Practice Test – 31

Rajit is the co-founder and an active blogger at 'CIC Talks'. He is best known for his rich expertise in IELTS & Canadian Immigration. Feel free to connect with him on Instagram & Twitter .

IELTS Listening Online Practice Test – 33

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Listening Practice Test 23

ielts listening recent tests

Questions 1-3

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Complaint to the airport

Questions 4-6

Choose the correct letter, A , B or C .

4 What aspect of the flight does the man complain about?

A punctuality

B legroom

C temperature

5 What does the man think about the food served during the flight?

A It is not enough to eat.

B It is expensive.

C It has a bad taste.

6 What does the man think of the service of the staff?

A satisfied

B long wait

C bad attitude

Questions 7-10

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

The man felt satisfied with 7 ………….. because it was quick.

During the flight, 8 ………….. facilities helped him distract from other poor quality of the service.

As a gift, a 20% discount on the 9 ………….. fees will be offered.

The flight company also offers the man a 10 ………….. worth £20.

Questions 11-16

What is customers’ attitude towards the following services?

Write the correct letter, A , B or C , next to questions 11-16 .

A They are very interested.

B They might be less interested.

C They are not interested.

11 a free gift

12 a driver for an extra fee

13 a package service

14 updated car models

15 a discount

16 a new branch company

Questions 17-20

17 What is the problem of the public transport?

A Traffic jams

B Pedestrian safety

C Low efficiency

18 According to the speaker, what is true about the transportation?

A Buses are easy to find.

B Taxis are punctual.

C Airplanes are unaffordable.

19 According to the speaker, what is true about the bus?

A Passengers occasionally spend more than half an hour waiting for it.

B It is sometimes overcrowded.

C It is often dirty.

20 What is the existing situation about the price of bus tickets?

A It is fluctuating severely.

B It is declining.

C It needs to be increased.

Questions 21-25

21 What was the most difficult problem when the company was founded?

A No clear objectives

B No formal structures

C No perfect premises

22 What is the staff unsatisfied with?

A The type of work

B The work assignment

C The feeling of appreciation

23 What was the problem of the manager?

A He had a lot of tasks to do.

B He employed too many people and let them go then.

C He always made decisions by himself.

24 What does the staff think of the new manager of the company?

A They are delighted to see that the meeting time is shorter.

B They feel annoyed toward him.

C They are amazed that he has done it well.

25 What achievement has the organisation made already?

A Children were involved in painting the entrance area.

B There was no particular achievement.

C It built a local primary school.

Questions 26-30

Complete the summary below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Major Problems of a Company

Since the company opened, there have been many problems with employment, but there is no 26 ………….. He needs to find a venue for financial training. It is very hard to run an organisation and the 27 ………….. is of great importance to staying organised. To enhance the organisation skills, there is a section on 28 ………….. in the library where some valuable books can be found. In addition, the library contains some useful resources, such as a collection of documentaries on personal organisation, the literature on 29 ………….., and the articles on the 30 …………..

Questions 31-40

Climate and architecture.

• Cases and examples are from practice conducted in 31 ………….. as well as rural areas.

• The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture.

• The government try to reduce the negative effects.

• Funds have been received from a 32 …………..

• 33 ………….. experience lower levels of acid in damaging pollutants.

• In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of 34 …………..

• One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry.

• 35 ………….. is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower.

• Construction is affected by the increased 36 ………….. in winter.

• Humidity affects the 37 ………….. buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air.

Building & Technology

• Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the 38 ………….. is wrong.

• Architects can now monitor the 39 ………….. of buildings.

• The government should make 40 ………….. for the architects.

Listening Test 22

Listening test 24, answer listening practice test 23.

1 33 Hillcrest

7 security (process)

8 entertainment

10 phone card

26 solution

27 role of motivation

29 management of change

30 nature of volunteering

33 skyscrapers

34 stone (construction)

35 recycled glass

36 rainfall

39 movement

40 guidelines

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ARCHITECTURE – Reaching For The Sky: Reading Answers

Cambridge Academic Reading Test 1 – Passage 03: ARCHITECTURE – Reaching for the Sky with answers location and pdf summary. This reading paragraph has been taken from our huge collection of Academic & General Training (GT) Reading practice test PDF’s.

ARCHITECTURE - Reaching for the Sky: Reading Answers

IELTS reading module focuses on evaluating a candidate’s comprehension skills and ability to understand English. This is done by testing the reading proficiency through questions based on different structures and paragraphs (500-950 words each). There are 40 questions in total and hence it becomes extremely important to practice each and every question structure before actually sitting for the exam.

This reading passage mainly consists of following types of questions:

Match the following
Fill in the blanks

We are going to read about the concept of Architecture and some world famous architects. You must read the passage carefully and try to answer all questions correctly.

ARCHITECTURE – Reaching for the Sky

Architecture is the craftsmanship and study of planning structures and designs. A structure mirrors the logical and mechanical accomplishments of the age just as the thoughts and goals of the fashioner and customer. The presence of individual structures, in any case, is often controversial.

The utilization of a building style can’t be said to begin or complete on a particular date. Nor is it conceivable to say precisely what describes a specific development. Be that as it may, the starting points of what is presently commonly known as modern architecture can be followed back to the social and innovative changes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Instead of using timber, stone and traditional building techniques, architects began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest technology and materials such as steel, glass and concrete strengthened steel bars, known as reinforced concrete. Technological advances also helped bring about the decline of rural industries and an increase in urban populations as people moved to the towns to work in the new factories. Such rapid and uncontrolled growth helped to turn parts of cities into slums.

By the 1920s architects throughout Europe were reacting against the conditions created by industrialisation. A new style of architecture emerged to reflect more idealistic notions for the future. It was made possible by new materials and construction techniques and was known as Modernism.

By the 1930s many buildings emerging from this movement were designed in the International Style. This was largely characterised by the bold use of new materials and simple, geometric forms, often with white walls supported by stilt like pillars. These were stripped of unnecessary decoration that would detract from their primary purpose — to be used or lived in.

Walter Gropius, Charles Jeanneret (better known as Le Corbusier) and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe were among the most influential of the many architects who contributed to the development of Modernism in the first half of the century. But the economic depression of the 1930s and the second world war (193945) prevented their ideas from being widely realised until the economic conditions improved and wartorn cities had to be rebuilt. By the 1950s, the International Style had developed into a universal approach to building, which standardised the appearance of new buildings in cities across the world.

Unfortunately, this Modernist interest in geometric simplicity and function became exploited for profit. The rediscovery of quickandeasytohandle reinforced concrete and an improved ability to prefabricate building sections meant that builders could meet the budgets of commissioning authorities and handle a renewed demand for development quickly and cheaply. But this led to many badly designed buildings, which discredited the original aims of Modernism.

Influenced by Le Corbusier’s ideas on town planning, every large British city built multistorey housing estates in the 1960s. Mass produced, lowcost highrises seemed to offer a solution to the problem of housing a growing innercity population. But far from meeting human needs, the new estates often proved to be windswept deserts lacking essential social facilities and services. Many of these buildings were poorly designed and constructed and have since been demolished.

By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose. Preserving historic buildings or keeping only their facades (or fronts) grew common. Architects also began to make more use of building styles and materials that were traditional to the area. The architectural style usually referred to as High Tech was also emerging. It celebrated scientific and engineering achievements by openly parading the sophisticated techniques used in construction. Such buildings are commonly made of metal and glass; examples are Stansted airport and the Lloyd’s building in London.

Disillusionment at the failure of many of the poor imitations of Modernist architecture led to interest in various styles and ideas from the past and present. By the 1980s the coexistence of different styles of architecture in the same building became known as Post Modern. Other architects looked back to the classical tradition. The trend in architecture now favours smaller scale building design that reflects a growing public awareness of environmental issues such as energy efficiency. Like the Modernists, people today recognise that a well designed environment improves the quality of life but is not necessarily achieved by adopting one well defined style of architecture.

Twentieth century architecture will mainly be remembered for its tall buildings. They have been made possible by the development of light steel frames and safe passenger lifts. They originated in the US over a century ago to help meet the demand for more economical use of land. As construction techniques improved, the skyscraper became a reality.

Questions 29-35

Complete the table below using information from Reading Passage 3.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 29-35 on your answer sheet.

Questions 36-40

Reading Passage 3 describes a number of cause and effect relationships.

Match each Cause (36-40) in List A, with its Effect (A-H) in List B.

Write your answers (A-H) in boxes 36 40 on your answer sheet.

NB There are more effects in List B than you will need, so you will not use all of them. You may use any effect more than once if you wish.

Answers/Explanation

Check out your ARCHITECTURE – Reaching for the Sky reading answers below with locations and explanations given in the text.

(Suggested approach)

Read the task rubric carefully. You have to decide which effect arose from each cause.
Decide which list you should work from. In this case it is better to work from List A as you must find an effect m List B for every question. The causes also come first chronologically in the cause/effect relationship: List B contains results of List A.
Read through List B to familiarise yourself with it.
Skim through the passage until you locate the information in the text.
Select the effect of question 36. If you think there is more than one effect, mark both and come back to this item later. But remember that only one answer is correct.
In the third paragraph it states that the increase in urban populations “helped to turn parts of cities into slums”. So the answer to question 36 is G.
Repeat this procedure with items 37-40.

PDF Summary

If you want the pdf summary of this reading passage, please write your email in the comment section below. We’ll send it across at the speed of light.

You can buy the complete booklet here at discounted price.

All the best !

1 thought on “ARCHITECTURE – Reaching For The Sky: Reading Answers”

Hi, Can you please share IELTS ACADEMIC READING TEST PDF WITH ANSWERS…

IELTS Listening Practice Test 110

Updated On Feb 23, 2022

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Limited-Time Offer : Access a FREE 10-Day IELTS Study Plan!

Did you know that questions often get repeated in the IELTS? So it is important that you practise using the questions that have already appeared in the test. Our IELTS listening practice tests are curated from previous year’s IELTS test papers, making them ideal for practice.

In the Listening Test 110, you will hear 4 audio recordings and answer questions 1-40.

Section 1 is a telephone conversation between a receptionist and a student about the upcoming architecture conference.

Section 2 is a short introductory monologue on Apsley House.

Section 3 is a conversation between 2 students talking about postgraduate courses in music.

Section 4 is a presentation by a student on how music and art are used in the healing process.

Audio Transcription

Download Audio Transcription

Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below .

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND /OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Architecture 21 conference

[do_widget id=custom_html-36]

Question 11-20

Questions 11.

Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS OR A NUMBER for the answer.

The house was built between 11 _____________________

Question 12

Choose ONE letter A-C and write the answer next to 12 on your answer sheet.

It was originally constructed as a/an:

A family home

C public house

Questions 13-15

Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

The house contains art from: 13 ________________

Until recently, the art gallery was: 14 ________________

Tomorrow’s talk will be on: 15 ________________

Questions 16-20

Breakfast is served in the cafeteria or: 16 _________________

You can choose between an English breakfast or: 17 __________________

A car park was built because of an increase in: 18 _______________

The garden contains many: 19 __________________

The animals at Apsley House are all: 20 ___________________

[do_widget id=custom_html-47]

Questions 21-30

Questions 21-25.

Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C , and write answers next to 21-25 on your answer sheet.

21 Which college does Chris suggest would be best?

A Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music

B The Henry Music Institute

C The Academy in London

22 What entry requirements are common to all the colleges?

A an audition

C an interview

23 How much does the course at Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music cost?

A £6,000 a year

B £7,000 a year

C £8,000 a year

24/span> What other expenses are payable to the colleges?

A application fee

B insurance

C train fare

25 When is the deadline for Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music?

A January 9th

B January 19th

C January 30th

Questions 26-30

Choose FIVE answers and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 26-30 .

Which facilities do the colleges have?

A large gardens

B multiple sites

C practice rooms

D recording studio

E research facility

F student canteen G technology suite

G technology suite

26 Northdown College

27 The Academy in London

28 Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music

29 The Henry Music Institute

30 The James Academy of Music

Also check :

IELTS Listening Answer Sheet
IELTS listening recent actual test
IELTS Listening tips
IELTS Listening words
How to Improve IELTS Listening Section 3 and 4?
What is Signposting?

Questions 31-40

Questions 31-35 .

Complete the sentences below .

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF ART AND MUSIC

31 According to the speaker, art and music can benefit patient’s emotional, _________________ and physical well-being.

32 Florence Nightingale first noted the improvements in the year _____________________.

33 The results of many studies did not prove a link between health and art as they were rarely ____________________.

34 The American study looked at the effects of architecture on patients’ ____________________.

35 The patients who were in a ward with a ____________________ were not in hospital for as long and needed less medication.

Questions 36-40

Complete the table below .

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

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Practice Test 109 << >> Practice Test 111

Practice IELTS Listening based on question types

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Nafia Zuhana is an experienced content writer and IELTS Trainer. Currently, she is guiding students who are appearing for IELTS General and Academic exams through ieltsmaterial.com. With an 8.5 score herself, she trains and provides test takers with strategies, tips, and nuances on how to crack the IELTS Exam. She holds a degree in Master of Arts – Creative Writing, Oxford Brookes University, UK. She has worked with The Hindu for over a year as an English language trainer.

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Post your Comments

11 comments.

Posted on Aug 16, 2021

I couldn’t find audio for listening test 110. Please provide the audio for the test

Please check now, we have added the audio

Posted on Oct 31, 2017

Jamina how to got ielts bands

Posted on Mar 21, 2017

Hello! Would you mind posting the answer key to the gap-fill exercise? I would like to check. Thanks!

Posted on Mar 2, 2017

where is the answer script?

IELTS Material

Posted on Mar 7, 2017

Gap-filling exercise is the tapescript of the listening test. http://ieltsmaterial.com/wp-admin/edit-comments.php?comment_status=moderated#comments-form

Posted on Dec 1, 2016

I was unable to find listening recording for test no. 115 & 116, please send the related link

Please check the links below for the audio tracks (at the beginning of each post): http://ieltsmaterial.com/ielts-listening-practice-test-116/

Best wishes!

Posted on Nov 25, 2016

Is it possible to download the audio? I didn’t see a download button

Posted on Nov 27, 2016

There is no download function up to now. Please click the play button and listen online. We will try to fix it soon.

All the best!

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Best Architecture Essay Examples & Topics

Architecture essays can be challenging, especially if you are still a student and in the process of acquiring information. First of all, you are to choose the right topic – half of your success depends on it. Pick something that interests and excites you if possible. Second of all, structure your paper correctly. Start with an intro, develop a thesis, and outline your body paragraphs and conclusion. Write down all your ideas and thoughts in a logical order, excluding the least convincing ones.

In this article, we’ve combined some tips on how to deliver an excellent paper on the subject. Our team has compiled a list of topics and architecture essay examples you can use for inspiration or practice.

If you’re looking for architecture essay examples for college or university, you’re in the right place. In this article, we’ve collected best architecture essay topics and paper samples together with writing tips. Below you’ll find sample essays on modern architecture, landscape design, and architect’s profession. Go on reading to learn how to write an architecture essay.

Architecture Essay Types

Throughout your academic life, you will encounter the essay types listed below.

Argumentative Architecture Essay

This type uses arguments and facts to support a claim or answer a question. Its purpose is to lay out the information in front of the reader that supports the author’s position. It does not rely on the personal experiences of the writer. For instance, in an argumentative essay about architecture, students can talk about the positive aspects of green construction. You can try to demonstrate with facts and statistics why this type of building is the ultimate future.

Opinion Architecture Essay

This essay requires an opinion or two on the topic. It may try to demonstrate two opposing views, presenting a list of arguments that support them. Remember that the examples that you use have to be relevant. It should be clear which opinion you support. Such an essay for the architecture topic can be a critique of architectural work.

Expository Architecture Essay

This writing shares ideas and opinions as well as provides evidence. The skill that is tested in this essay is the expertise and knowledge of the subject. When you write an expository essay, your main goal is to deliver information. It would be best if you did not assume that your audience knows much about the subject matter. An expository essay about architecture can be dedicated to the importance of sustainable architecture.

Informative Architecture Essay

Such essays do not provide any personal opinions about the topic. It aims to provide as much data as possible and educate the audience about the subject. An excellent example of an informative essay can be a “how-to essay.” For instance, in architecture, you can try to explain how something functions or works.

Descriptive Architecture Essay

It’s an essay that aims to create a particular sentiment in the reader. You want to describe an object, idea, or event so that the reader gets a clear picture. There are several good ways to achieve it: using creative language, including major and minor details, etc. A descriptive essay about architecture can be focused on a building or part of a city. For instance, talk about a casino in Las Vegas.

Narrative Architecture Essay

Here, your goal is to write a story. This paper is about an experience described in a personal and creative way. Each narrative essay should have at least five elements: plot, character, setting, theme, and conflict. When it comes to the structure, it is similar to other essays. A narrative paper about architecture can talk about the day you have visited a monument or other site.

Architecture Essay Topics for 2022

The most amazing architecture in the world and the most influential architects of the 21st century.
Some pros and cons of vertical housing: vertical landscape in the history of architecture.
A peculiar style of modern architecture in China.
The style of Frank Lloyd Wright and architecture in his life.
New tendencies in rural housing and architecture.
Ancient Roman architecture reimagined.
The role of architecture in pressing environmental problems in modern cities.
Islamic architecture: peculiar features of the style.
Earthquake-resistant infrastructure in building houses.
How precise is virtual planning?
Houses in rural areas and the cities. How similar are they?
A theory of deconstruction in postmodern architecture.
The influence of Greek architecture on modern architecture.
Aspects to consider when building houses for visually impaired people.
Disaster-free buildings: challenges and opportunities.
European architectural influence on the Islamic world.
The architecture of old Russian cities.

In the above section, we’ve given some ideas to help you write an interesting essay about architecture. You can use these topics for your assignment or as inspiration.

Thank you for reading the article. We’ve included a list of architecture essay examples further down. We also hope you found it helpful and valuable. Do not hesitate to share our article with your friends and peers.

410 Best Architecture Essay Examples

Mathematics in ancient greek architecture, the eiffel tower as a form of art.

Words: 1361

Islamic Architecture: Al-Masjid Al-Haram, Ka’aba, Makka

Words: 1190

Calligraphy Inscription in Islamic Architecture and Art

Words: 3269

An Architectural Guide to the Cube Houses

Words: 3584

Comparison of Traditional and Non-Traditional Mosques

Words: 1611

Stonehenge and Its Significance

Filippo brunelleschi and religious architecture.

Words: 2121

Context and Building in Architecture

Words: 3367

The Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright

Words: 3374

Traditional Roman vs. Chinese Courtyard House

Words: 4070

The Architecture of Ancient Greece Found in Los Angeles

Words: 1763

Paper Church Designed by Shigeru Ban

Words: 1665

Charles Jencks: Language of Post Modern Architecture

Words: 2204

Islamic Architectural Design

Words: 1407

Monumentalism in Architecture

Words: 2840

Symbolism and Superstition in Architecture and Design

Words: 2252

Skyscrapers in Dubai: Buildings and Materials

Words: 2468

Architecture History. Banham’s “Theory and Design in the First Machine Age”

Words: 1254

Louis Sullivan: Form Follows Function

Words: 1099

Futuristic Architecture: An Overview

Words: 1740

Kidosaki House by Tadao Ando

Words: 1064

Architecture as an Academic Discipline

Words: 1375

The Parthenon and the Pantheon in Their Cultural Context

Words: 1416

Gothic Revivalism in the Architecture of Augustus Pugin

Words: 1704

S. R. Crown Hall: The Masterpiece of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Words: 2216

Architecture of the Gherkin Building

Saint peter’s basilica.

Words: 1932

Harvard Graduate Center Building and Its Structure

Urbanism in architecture: definition and evolution, translation from drawing to building.

Words: 2289

The Death of Modern Architecture

Words: 2149

Connections of Steel Frame Buildings in 19th Century

Words: 2681

Architectural Regionalism Definition

Words: 3352

Empire State Building Structural Analysis With Comparisons

Postmodern architecture vs. international modernism.

Words: 1655

The Dome of the Rock vs. the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus

Words: 1506

Personal Opinion on the Colosseum as an Artwork

Ronchamp chapel from le corbusier.

Words: 3434

Form and Function in Architecture

Words: 3377

Architecture: Kansai International Airport

Words: 3829

Ancient Chinese Architecture

Words: 1097

Sydney Opera House

Words: 2209

The Pantheon of Rome and the Parthenon of Athens

Architecture in colonialism and imperialism.

Words: 2408

The First Chicago School of Architecture

Perspective drawing used by renaissance architects.

Words: 2012

The BMW Central Building: Location and Structure

Words: 2671

The Question of Ornament in Architectural Design

Words: 1971

Islamic Gardens: Taj Mahal and Alhambra

Risks in construction projects: empire state building.

Words: 2856

“4” Wonders of the World

The getty center in los angeles.

Words: 1314

Greek Revival Influenced American Architecture

Words: 3104

Influential Architecture: Summer Place in China

Words: 1491

The Architecture of the Medieval Era: Key Characteristics

European influence on the architecture of the americas, professional and ethical obligation of architecture.

Words: 2794

The History of Architecture and It Changes

Words: 3330

Columns and Walls of Mies Van der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavilion

Words: 1518

Architect of the Future

Centre georges pompidou’s design analysis, gothic style and cult of the virgin in medieval art, modern patio house architecture, chrysler building in new york city, saint sernin and chartres cathedral.

Words: 1196

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple and Taj Mahal: Style and Meaning

Words: 1371

Greco-Roman Influence on Architecture

Frank lloyd wright’s approach to sustainability, the angkor vat temple, cambodia, the garden by the bay architectural design, design theory in “ornament and crime” essay by loos.

Words: 1752

Alhambra Palace – History and Physical Description

Words: 1214

Trinity Church: An Influential Architectural Design

Words: 1374

The Architectural Design of Colosseum

Words: 2161

The Evolution of the Greek Temple

Words: 1934

The St. Louis Gateway Arch

Words: 1630

Modern Architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier

Words: 3291

Frank Lloyd Wright and his Contribution to Architecture

Words: 3401

The Water Cube Project and Design-Build Approaches

Islamic architecture: environment and climate.

Words: 1436

Expressionism in Architecture: The Late 19th and the Early 20th Century

Words: 1927

The Church and Reliquary of Sainte-Foy: Contextual Analysis

Fashion and architecture: relationship.

Words: 5634

Arc de Triomphe. History. Construction

Words: 2326

Critical Evaluation of the Landscape Architecture

Words: 2865

History of Architecture: Italian Mannerist and Baroque Architects

Words: 3001

“Architecture: The Story of Practice” by Cuff

The vebjorn sand da vinci project.

Words: 3579

Contemporary Issues in the Field of Architecture That Affect Working

Japanese shrines architecture uniqueness.

Words: 2280

Modern Architecture: Mary Gates Hall

Tadao ando and the modern way of living.

Words: 2170

Pyramids of Giza and Their Construction Mystery

Homa capital columns’ at ancient persian persepolis city, the portunus temple: a creation of the ancient times.

Words: 1156

Traditional Saudi Architecture: Hejazi Architecture

Words: 1549

Perspective Drawing in Renaissance Architecture

Roman architecture and engineering, psychological consideration in proposed architectural plan, aspects of organic architectural philosophy, maya lin’s vietnam veterans memorial, modern architecture: style of architecture, the yangzhou qingpu slender west lake cultural hotel, how did adolf loos achieve sustainability, the lovell beach house by rudolph schindler, the st. denis basilica virtual tour, architecture of moscow vs. sankt petersburg, the east san josé carnegie branch library’s architecture, analysis of byzantine architecture, cultural impact on muslim architecture.

Words: 1152

Egyptian & Greek Art & Architecture

The gothic style in architecture and art, how architectural styles reflect people’s beliefs.

Words: 1720

Renaissance and Executive Order Draft: Summary

The building of the georgia state capitol and the sidney lanier bridge.

Words: 1222

Five Points for an Architecture of Other Bodies

Vietnam veterans memorial by maya ying lin, beijing daxing international airport.

Words: 3588

Architecture as Facility Management Principle

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Are you sure you want to submit, please select answer, your test has been saved draft, this test has been done, questions 1-10 listen from here.

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND /OR A NUMBER for each answer

Architecture 21 conference

Question 11 listen from here.

Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS OR A NUMBER for the answer.

The house was built between

Question 12 Listen from here

Tick one letter A-C .

Questions 13-15 Listen from here

Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer.

The house contains art from:

Until recently, the art gallery was:

Tomorrow’s talk will be on:

Questions 16-20 Listen from here

Breakfast is served in the cafeteria or:

You can choose between an English breakfast or:

A car park was built because of an increase in:

The garden contains many:

The animals at Apsley House are all:

Questions 21-25 Listen from here

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Questions 26-30 Listen from here

Which facilities do the colleges have?

Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 26-30 .

26. A B C D E F G Northdown College

27. A B C D E F G The Academy in London

28. A B C D E F G Leeds Conservatory of Contemporary Music

29. A B C D E F G The Henry Music Institute

30. A B C D E F G The James Academy of Music

Questions 31-35 Listen from here

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF ART AND MUSIC

According to the speaker, art and music can benefit patients’ emotional, and physical well-being.

Florence Nightingale first noted the improvements in the year

The results of many studies did not prove a link between health and art as they were rarely .

The American study looked at the effects of architecture on patients’

The patients who were in a ward with a were not in hospital for as long and needed less medication.

Questions 36-40 Listen from here

Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Recent Research Projects

To Submit a Paper for the Architecture Conference Listening

To submit a paper for the architecture conference ielts listening test with answers, to submit a paper for the architecture conference.

Find details of conference themes on 21 ___________

Check rules for submission, e.g. 22 ___________ of paper.

Write paper on 23 ___________ work.

Check any data is in a suitable 24 ___________

Hand in paper to the 25 ___________ for checking.

Make any necessary 26 ___________ , then submit paper.

If accepted, send in details of your 27___________ requirements.

Send conference organizers a personal profile for the 28 ___________

Questions 29—30 Choose TWO letters, A — E.

Which TWO things does Kirsten plan to do to prepare her conference paper?

A read another student’s thesis B collect more data C talk to some postgraduates D contact a Professor at another university E inspect a building site

To Submit a Paper for the Architecture Conference Listening

To Submit a Paper for the Architecture Conference IELTS Listening Answers

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21. Website/Internet

23. Current

25. Officer

26. Revisions

27. Technical

28. Brochure

To Submit a Paper for the Architecture Conference IELTS Listening Transcript

You will hear to students Rymill and Kirsten discussing presenting a paper at an architecture conference. You now have thirty seconds to read questions twenty one to twenty eight.

Speaker 1: Hi Kirsten have you heard about that architecture conference in Oxford at the end of the year.

Speaker 2: Yeah I saw the leaflet on the notice board as it’s my final year I ought to try giving a paper but I’ve got no idea how to go about it.

Speaker 1: I think you should go for it. I did one last year. It’s quite straightforward. First of all, you need to see what conference themes are, you know, what topics they are covering. You can do that by looking it up on Q21 the website . You need to submit a paper that falls into one of the categories they give you.

Speaker 2: That may give me some ideas.

Speaker 1: Then while you’re doing that you should also have a look at the information on how to submit your paper, the rules if you like, such as Q22 the length . It’s important to follow those.

Speaker 2: I see, and then I suppose the next stage is to start writing it up. I’d like to use it as an opportunity to propose some future work, but I understand it must be based on Q23 current work . Still there’s plenty to choose from. It makes sense to do something that I’m more familiar with.

Speaker 1: yes and the other thing is when you’ve written it up then go back and look at your data carefully and make certain that you’ve presented in a Q24 format that is standard for your subject. Remember people have to absorb information very quickly while the listening don’t make it too complicated.

Speaker 2: Okay well I reckon that’ll take me about a month to get that sorted then the next thing I have to do I guess before I send it off to the conference organizer is give the whole thing to the Q25 event officer so that he can look through it and see if it all makes sense and is okay.

Speaker 1: Yeah. Remember to warn him that it’s en route so he can fit it into his schedule and then you’re done really. All you have to do after that is to go through it and sort out any Q26 changes you need to make, and then finally you can submit it. You can do that online.

Speaker 2: Then I just wait to hear, I suppose. How long does that take?

Speaker 1: Uhm, it depends but usually about six weeks, but when you hear if your paper has been accepted, then at that stage it’s worth giving them a list of any Q27 technical things you need when you actually give the talk. A screen or video play is all that sort of thing.

Speaker 2: Okay but that’s a long way off. And I know that if my paper is accepted then at that stage I have to give them a short text about myself and my academic background so they can put it in the Q28 brochure, famous at last.

Speaker 2: Yeah.

You now have fifteen seconds to read questions twenty nine to thirty.

Speaker 2: Right well I’ve got to get a couple of things sorted if I’m going to get this paper completed.

Speaker 1: Have you got enough data?

Speaker 2: Possibly I’d like to reinforce some of it though Q29 so I thought I’d send out some more questionnaires I was looking at that thesis Angela wrote last year and she said you need a sample of over a hundred to be sure of your results.

Speaker 1: I think some of this year’s post graduate so doing some of the same stuff as you on buildings why don’t you talk to them?

Speaker 2: End up getting confused. It would be more useful for me to actually go out to that side by the rail bridge to see how they’re building the new factory. Q30 I managed to get hold of Professor Barnett at London University and he said I should go out and take pictures I’m pretty busy but I’ll have to make time . Anyway what about you what do your.

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LIStENING SECtION 1 SECtION 2 SECtION 3 SECtION 4 rEaDING WrItING SPEaKING ACADEMIC PRACTICE TEST 1 Listening SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

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Magda receives the result of her job interview, whilst Sarah continues to have problems with her house.

Do the Preparation task first. Then listen to the audio. Next go to each Task and do the activity. If you need help, you can read the Transcript at any time.

Preparation

Audio script.

Magda : (talking into phone) So…ok…hmm...yeah! That’s great news! Olivia : So? Did you get the job? Magda : Yes!!! All : Hooray!! Fantastic! Well done!! Magda : But... Harry : There’s always a ‘but’... Magda : It’s only on a trial basis...just for a month. Harry : Ok, that’s pretty normal actually. Most companies do that. Olivia : But they are paying you, yes? Magda : Oh yes, the salary isn’t bad. It’s not an internship. Harry : I did internships for ages...had to work for a month to get experience – no pay! – and then I never got offered the real job at the end. Like now! I’m doing this work for Johnny’s company – they want me to work at weekends too – Saturdays and Sundays – with no extra money! Olivia : That’s terrible! Harry : I don’t know what to do...I want to say ‘no’, but I’m afraid I’ll lose the job... Olivia : You’ll have to think carefully about it! Magda : Or you’ll be trying to do an internship again!!! Only joking! It can be important to do an internship if you want to get experience – things to put on your CV... Harry : Yeah, I guess you’re right, but I’m past that stage...I’ve got lots of experience now. Magda : I’m really worried though, about my first day, really nervous. I might be terrible! Olivia : Don’t worry Magda, you’ll be great. Show them how good you are in the first month and they’ll be offering you more money by the second month! Magda : Let’s hope so! Harry : What are you going to be doing exactly? Magda : Well, it’s a lot of admin work..but I do get a chance to work with the senior partners on some designs. Harry : Great...What is it you do again? Olivia : Harry! How come you always forget this stuff? Magda : Architecture! I’m an architect! I design buildings! Harry : Oh yeah, right, of course... Sarah : She’s a good one too, Harry – I’ve seen some of her drawings.

Harry: Oh really, Sarah!

Sarah: I keep on telling her that she should go to China – there are lots of opportunities there at the moment. Magda : Maybe, one day. That’d be really interesting...How are you, Sarah? Sarah : OK... Harry : How’s the new flat? Sarah : That’s the problem... Olivia : Oh no! You’ve only just moved in! Magda : I thought the flat was great... Sarah : The flat is nice, but the problem is the landlord... Olivia : Isn’t that Fadi’s cousin? Sarah : Yes, exactly...but he’s really intrusive. Magda : Intrusive? Sarah : He comes round all the time, wants to know everything about me. I think that if I pay rent, that’s it, I shouldn’t have to tell him anything else. Olivia : I see...that’s not on, is it? Have you mentioned it to Fadi? Sarah : No, I don’t know how to. He was so kind helping me get the place. I don’t want to seem rude. Olivia : Would you like me to have a word with him? Sarah : Could you? That’d be really great. I’d really appreciate it. Olivia : I’ll say something the next time I see him! Promise!

Language level

Dear Team, could you tell me what Olivia means by saying '' I see...that’s not on, is it? '' Does she imply there isn't any agreement on that thing or that that thing isn't right or acceptable? Ever thankful Nikos

Hello Nikos,

That's not on means that something is not acceptable, as you say. We use it to show anything from mild disapproval to shock and outrage, depending on the context and pronunciation.

The LearnEnglish Team

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IELTS Listening Practice Test 19 Printable

Tapescripts.

The part of the text containing the answer is underlined with the question number given in square brackets [] . If you still struggle with IELTS Listening tests, please refer to IELTS Listening tips.

IELTS Listening Section 1

Advisor: Good afternoon, Waddow Insurance, this is Janet speaking. How may I help you? Mr. Fischer: Yes, hello, I would like to make a claim on my car insurance please. Advisor: Certainly Sir. First of all I’d like to inform you that all of our calls are recorded for monitoring and training purposes. Is that okay? Mr. Fischer: That’s okay Advisor: Could you please tell me your full name? Mr. Fischer: Sure. It’s Mr Bennett Fischer. Advisor: Okay. Sorry, how do you spell your surname? Mr. Fischer: It’s spelled F-I-S-C-H-E-R. [1] Advisor: Great, thank you. I see that you have taken out a third party fire and theft premium with us on a 2013 light blue Volkswagen Passat, is that correct? Mr. Fischer: Yes, well, almost.The colour is not light blue it’s light green. [2] Advisor: Okay, thank you for updating your information with us. What is the nature of your claim with us today? Mr. Fischer: Last weekend I had driven up to York on business and left my car in a monitored car park. However it was only monitored until 8 pm, and I did not return to collect it until 9:30 pm after which no car park staff were present. [3] When I arrived at the car park, my car wasn’t there. It must have been stolen. Advisor: I see.Were there any valuable items left in your car, which could have been seen from outside? Mr. Fischer: Well, I had recently bought quite an expensive radio for my car, but the front panel is detachable, and I always stow it in my glove compartment. [4] So no, there wouldn’t have been anything valuable on display. Advisor: Okay Mr Fischer, thank you for that information. I’m going to send you some forms through the mail for you to fill in. [5] Before I can do that, I need to ask you a couple more questions, is that okay? Mr. Fischer: Of course. Advisor: Thanks, Mr Fischer. First of all, could you let me know your policy number, please? Mr. Fischer: Of course, I have it right here. It’s G34C245. [6] Advisor: G34C245… thanks.And the type of claim? Shall we say stolen car? Mr. Fischer: Yes, the car was definitely stolen. [7] I reported it to the police immediately, I actually have the report number here if that is of any use? Advisor: Not right now, but keep hold of that as we will need to see a copy of the police report eventually.Which police station did you report the offence at? Mr. Fischer: York Police Station. [8] Advisor: Was it your first time in York? Mr. Fischer: No, but it was the first time I had driven there. I usually take the train. Advisor: Were you aware that the car park was only manned until 8pm? Mr. Fischer: No, I was not aware of that. Advisor: Were there any signs put up on the premises that informed car owners of the risks of leaving their cars after normal operating hours? Mr. Fischer: Yes, but they said the car park was going to be guarded until 10pm, at which point the entrance is barred so no cars can come in or out. Advisor: Was any reason given for that sudden change? Mr. Fischer: The police informed me that the staff on duty that night had left on an urgent call. I believe it was something about a family member being admitted to hospital. Advisor: Were there any personal items left in your car? Mr. Fischer: Yes, first of all, there was the car radio I mentioned before. Advisor: Ah yes, of course. Anything else? Mr. Fischer: Just some CDs and an old jacket. [9] Advisor: Right. Thank you. Mr Fischer, I have everything I need for now, and will send these forms out to you shortly. When you get them please fill them with as much information as you can and, where possible, include copies of any relevant documents to support you claim, such as police reports and registration details. [10] Once you have returned that to us we can then start to assess whether you will be eligible to receive compensation. Do you have any further questions for me today? Mr. Fischer: No, that is all. Thanks for your help.

IELTS Listening Section 2

Peter: Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Peter Myers and on behalf of everybody here at Stevensbridge Dungeons I would like to welcome you all to our entertainment team. This year the hiring process was especially competitive and it might interest you all to know that for every position there were almost 30 applicants, so you really are the best of the best. In a moment I will take you on a tour of the museum so you can get an idea of what the space is like. But first of all I would like to show you around the staffroom.

Our staffroom is located at the back of the building over here. You will notice that there are two entrances to the staffroom. [11] One leads to the room we are in now, which is the main, and oldest, dungeon here at Stevensbridge, which we have turned into the museum. This is where you will greet the new visitors, and also where the tour throughout the dungeons will begin. [12] I should mention now that we only ever send visitors through as part of a group [13] , so even on the busy days you will still get roughly ten minutes of free time between each group, make sure you use that time wisely because you’ll need to get straight back into character as soon as it’s over.

Right, follow me and I’ll show you the layout of the museum. From the museum, we can pass through this door near the Interactive display into the staffroom. [14] From here, you can see the steps at the far side, in the opposite corner, that lead outside onto Berwick Street. When you arrive for a shift it will be much easier for you all to come in the Berwick Street entrance directly down the steps to the staffroom. [15] If you come in through the main visitor entrance it will take you longer to get past security.

As you can all see, there are lockers on your right hand side. They should be big enough for you to put your bags and coats in. You will get given keys later that work with any of the lockers in here. Over on the other side, past the lockers is our most exciting area. This is where our wardrobe and makeup will take place. Every shift you will be transformed from normal people into grotesque medieval prisoners. If you’re lucky you get to be the gaoler, but even they rarely bathed in those days.

Of course some of you might consider yourselves method actors, but please do try to shower before your shift. We don’t want to give visitors an experience that is too authentic.

Now we do have a staff shower here if you really need it. It is located next to the staff toilets which are unisex [16] . I hope nobody has too much of a problem with that. Unfortunately dungeons were not really designed with comfort in mind. You can find the bathroom at the other end of the room from the makeup area. There is also another toilet for the public concealed just to the right of the door into this room.

Let’s move back into the museum. We have three main sections down here. The first one you pass into when you leave the staffroom is the museum. [17] This is where all the useful information can be found such as dates, number of prisoners and the kinds of torture that were used. I know it is a lot of information to take in on your first day, but try to learn as much of it as you can. Even though you will mostly be in character, visitors might want to ask you some questions and it would be great if you could tell them more about the dungeons. I think it would be more interesting if visitors could learn directly from you rather than having to read about it.

As you can see, on the left we have an interactive display for children, and on the right we have a photo booth. [18] This was the original dungeon, first built in 1435. Now let’s pass through into the main dungeon that was added during the Tudor period in around 1570.

You might be able to feel that the air is a lot damper and cooler here. That is because we are now beneath the River Stevens. This is primarily the room in which most of you will be working. This is where many high profile religious figures were held, sometimes for years on end. Depending on the roles you will be playing, you can be either chained up, free to roam, or if you are a gaoler, wandering between prisoners to keep an eye on them.

Now we will pass into our third and final section: The prison cells. Over here you can see there are some wooden stocks and a fake gibbet. Don’t worry, I can see a couple of you looking concerned, you don’t need to re-enact any of the torture scenes for visitors. One person each shift will play the gaoler in here, where you will give a speech to the group about some of the more notable prisoners to stay here in the past. This is usually the end of the tour, but some visitors will certainly want to ask you more questions at this point, so please try your best to make yourselves available. Help them by answering any questions they have. Also feel free to guide the visitors through the museum if you see that they are going the wrong way. [19, 20]

This concludes our introduction to your new workplace. If you please follow me I will get you all issued with keys and some information about the dungeons that you can take home with you to study. I will also introduce you to our shift supervisor Alice Stiles, and you can ask her any questions you may have about your roles.

IELTS Listening Section 3

Olga: Hi Jacob, thank you so much for coming along today. Jacob: It’s my pleasure. I am very intrigued about what a tea meditation entails exactly. Olga: Well it’s very simple really. I think the first thing you need to keep in mind is that it is mostly about leaving everything that you have been thinking or worrying about today to one side. Really focus on the present moment. Jacob: Sounds great, I certainly don’t know very much about tea, and I’m keen to get started. But, before you go into more detail, can I ask you what your favourite kind of tea is? Olga: Well I think the kind of tea we are going to have today is my favourite. It is a pu-erh tea from Yunnan province in southern China. [21-24] Jacob: What makes this tea special? Olga: Pu-erh is a dark tea [21-24] . The regions of Yunnan, the north of Vietnam and Laos, have one of the best climates for growing tea in the world. Pu-erh is a post-fermented tea. Jacob: What is a post-fermented tea exactly? Olga: It is a tea that has undergone a period of aging in the open air [21-24] . They age the tea for days, even years. The exposure to humidity and oxygen helps to oxidise the tea leaves and encourage fermentation. This changes the smell of the tea and also removes a lot of the bitterness from the taste. Jacob: It sounds similar to the process of aging wine. Olga: The process is different but the effect of aging on the taste is certainly similar. Jacob: Does this mean the tea can be quite expensive? Olga: Absolutely. [21-24] It can be very expensive. The tea is usually pressed into balls or ‘cakes’ and sold. At one time only tea enthusiasts cared about buying these cakes, but now many people have realised that they are an investment and so buy them like they would buy gold because the price goes up a lot over time. So now, I want you to focus on clearing your mind of anything other than this present moment. Let go of any concerns. Jacob: Okay, one slight problem, I will need to record our conversation. And I will need to take notes for the article. I plan to write about this for my newspaper. Is that is okay? [25] Olga: Oh yes, of course, whatever you need. Jacob: Thank you. I’ll try to keep my notes to a minimum. Olga: Good. So where was I? Oh yes, I think very few people really appreciate the complexity and variety of tea that exists in the world. Jacob: Right, most people are maybe like me and just use teabags. Olga: Exactly, and with a teabag, the tea is trapped inside and cannot move around freely. You can really taste the difference drinking a brewed tea that was free to move around through all the water. Jacob: So do you ever use teabags? Olga: Never. [26] There are many kinds of tea: white, yellow, black, green, oolong, matcha, herbal and many others. Each one has its own unique properties. To fully experience what each tea has to offer you must first brew it in the correct way. [27] I also believe in only drinking tea that is picked and sorted by hand, rather than using mechanical processes. Although it takes more time, the tea made by hand is so much better, that it leads to an increase in the tea’s sales. Jacob: But in that case, surely if there is more interest in the tea, and with the time-intensive farming process, this means there could be shortages because the demand is higher than the ability to produce it. Olga: There were shortages for a while, but then an artificial fermentation process was developed in the 1970s which helped to speed up the fermentation times. As I mentioned, this process has an aging effect on the taste of pu-erh tea that is very similar to the effect on the taste of wine that you get from that fermentation process, though for pu-erh tea today, we’re talking about that artificial process. [28] Jacob: How can they do this artificially? Olga: The farmers gather the tea leaves into a big pile then cover it with a large sheet or tarp. [29] They spray water on the tea every now and then and therefore fermentation happens faster. Usually the tea is left for 30, 45, 60 or even 90 days still. The farmer will check the tea every few days, and just by the feel of the tea he knows whether it is ready or if it needs more time. Jacob: Wow… that sounds like a fascinating process. I never realised that there was such a science behind producing tea. Olga: Well now you are ready for the best part, the tasting of it. Jacob: That sounds like a very good idea to me. Olga: So what I will do now is boil the water and we can begin our meditation. Jacob: What does that entail? Olga: We need to focus on only two things. The first is your mind and body. [30] Forget everything that you have been worrying about today. Forget about what you have to do later on, or what somebody said to you earlier. Focus on your breathing and on how your body feels. If you have aches and pains, acknowledge them. Pinpoint where there is tension in your body and try to release it. Jacob: Oh yes, I can really feel tension in my shoulders. Olga: Let it go. Close your eyes if that helps. Take deep breaths in and out. Soon we will drink the tea. When you drink it think about the taste and how it feels on your tongue. Is it easy to swallow the tea or do you need to gulp it? Jacob: Can you brew the tea leaves more than once? Olga: Oh yes, you can brew some teas more than ten times. Now we will shift to noble silence, focusing only on ourselves and the tea. Enjoy.

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS

Questions for architects.

Level: Upper-intermediate (B2-C1)

Type of English: English for Special Purposes

Tags: town and country human resources (HR) Speaking

Publication date: 08/02/2021

This ESP worksheet presents a list of discussion questions designed to encourage architects to talk at length about their profession.

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Design of a public building

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DESIGNING A PUBLIC BUILDING:

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IELTS Listening Test 117

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IELTS Listening Practice Test 110

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