essay on literature of uttarakhand

THE LITERARY MIRROR

Uttarakhand Folk Literature and Youth

“The Kumaon of Uttarakhand attracts the lyrical genre of folk literature. Historically it is also believed that scriptures and Vedas were composed in Uttarakhand and the epic ‘Mahabharata’ was written. ‘Rishikesh’ Is widely considered the yoga capital of the world.”

By Vikash Saxena, India

Literature which is called the mirror of society. Literature spreads the mold of transparency in the society and the sentiments that create confusion. Uttarakhand region has contributed to the language and definition of India since time immemorial. The literature nurtures a person’s personality, leads him to the right path. Uttarakhand which is also called ‘T he Land Of Gods’ . There is a close connection between the youth and literature of Uttarakhand. The mountains, rivers, valleys, etc. combined with literature, form the basis of a new positive and energetic thinking, that is, there is a different trend towards literature in Uttarakhand. In the city of Gods, the mind bathes in holy water and gives birth to a new creation. This is the result of cleanliness and natural love. Uttarakhand has many schools, colleges at primary and higher levels. Where as per rules the youth is made interesting towards literature.

Literature is presented to the youth in a very creative form.Folk literature is well accepted in Indian literature. Folk literature is that age-old literature, which is naturally derived from tradition. Which does not have one author, whom the whole world considers to be its own. Folk literature is oral literature. This type of oral literature is very popular in Uttarakhand as a folk tale. This literature is actually mass literature. In which direct experiences of life experiences and beliefs are found.

It is generally divided into three classes – poetry, champu (prose-verse) and prose. The nature, distortion and culture of the folk are openly reflected in the folk tales predominantly popular in prose genres.In ancient times there were no means of entertainment. The folk singers used to narrate folk songs to the villagers throughout the night. Malsai, Ramail, Jagar etc. are popular in this. Even in the present day folk songs are heard in the night wake. Loktokis, idioms and riddles (anan) are still in vogue in Uttarakhand’s folk literature.

At present, young Uttarakhand is keen on literature. Young writers, poets etc. are emerging. Along with the national language Hindi, youth are also creating literature in Kumaoni and Garhwali, literary workshops and competitions are being organized at university and college level. Due to which the younger generation is serving literature at national and international level.

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An Ever-Present History in the Land of the Gods: Modern Māhātmya Writing on Uttarakhand

2013, International Journal of Hindu Studies 17, 3 (2013): 231–262

The most important Indian Himālayan pilgrimage circuit, the 4-Dhām, or ‘Four Abodes’, is located in Uttarākhaṇḍ, a region known as ‘Land of the Gods’ (Devbhūmi). Most tourists to the sites are domestic pilgrims from non-Himālayan regions. One of the most important media that interprets the region to this audience is the mass-produced and inexpensive pilgrims’ literature known as māhātmyas, a modern successor to the genre of Sanskrit encomium that extolls deities and sacred sites. First, I ethnographically describe how these texts are consumed as religious commodities; I then present selections of 4-Dhām māhātmyas that reveal the changing concerns of māhātmya publishing in Uttarākhaṇḍ over the last fifty years (1955–2006). In doing so, I argue that the texts’ imbrication of Hindi commentary with Sanskrit scripture promotes a dynamic reading of the pilgrimage as both mythological and modern, and promotes a unique cachet for the region as a contemporary sacred place that offers real-world access to the legendary past of Hindu antiquity.

Related Papers

Andrea Farran

From the end of the nineteenth century onwards in North India, modern māhātmya literature has helped to make pilgrimage centers accessible destinations for new publics, particularly those travelling by rail and road. Iterations of modern māhātmyas are now found for sale at Hindu pilgrimage centers far and wide. In contemporary Uttarakhand, modern māhātmyas are a nearly ubiquitous commodity in the bazaars of the state’s temple towns, such as Haridwar and Rishikesh, where eponymous site texts appear prominently among the stock items for sale at religious souvenir stalls. In this chapter, I consider change in Himalayan pilgrimage through the lens of modern māhātmya. I first introduce readers to modern māhātmyas of Uttarakhand by recalling the classical Sanskrit literary genre of māhātmya, or religious encomium, as the basic source of inspiration for the modern genre, and then turn to the hybrid content of the modern ones, with their distinctive style of imbricating Hindu scripture with travel ephemera. I then consider three accounts of changes in the 4-Dhām pilgrimage, in approximately thirty-year intervals, beginning with the pilgrim’s diaries of Sister Nivedita (1928) in 1896 and Swami Tapovanam (1925, 1930) (Tapovanam Maharaj 1971), and concluding with Vishalmani Sharma Upadhyaya (c.1965) as an exemplar of modern māhātmya writing on Uttarakhand. In reflecting on modern māhātmyas of Uttarakhand, I show how these texts invite readers to personally “pocket” the Himalayas, through domesticating the mountains and representing the “land of the gods” as an accessible destination for pilgrims travelling by train, motorcar, and other modern means.

Yaroslav Vassilkov

International Journal of Hindu Studies

Andrea Acri , Andrea Farran

International Journal of Hindu Studies 17, 3 (2013): 223–230

Rana P.B. SINGH

The merger of Hindu pilgrimages and pace of religious tourism in India are examined by appraising the reflection of radiant mythologies and also the on-going practices and happenings that flourish side-by-side in the gloomy way. The interacting and counteracting two sides of human life, sacred and profane, consequently turn into contestation and seduction; however they meet at different levels in the formation of ‘mosaicness’. In India the greater value accorded tourism as an avenue for development reflects a perception that the marketing of pilgrimage sites offers a means of preserving and enhancing the value and visibility of the endangered residues of the past, but having little consciousness of historical value and its transformed relevance today. The growth and importance of pilgrimage-tourism may be related to an increased desire among Hindus to assert their identity against an ever more visible Muslim population. This is exemplified with a case studies of Varanasi and other such sacred places as an insider’s exposures, and also other places of pilgrimage-tourism. Keywords: Allahabad, Ayodhya, Champaner, communitas, Kanvariya, pilgrimages, pilgrimage-tourism, sacred places, Turner, Varanasi.

Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religions, v. 20

Daniela Bevilacqua

This paper aims to show how different typologies of narration can be involved in the place-making process of a religious centre in India based on the claim of a yogi to have discovered in a jungle an ancient holy place, Garh Dhām, through his powers. As recorded by a devotee-run website, it was claimed to be the same place where King Surath met the sage Medha – as narrated in the Devī Māhātmya, a famous section of the Markaṇḍeya Purāṇa – and where the first ever Durgā Pūjā (worship) was ‘historically’ celebrated. The ‘discoverer’ is a yogi, Brahmānand Girī, who living in jungle was able to find hidden temples thanks to his austerity (tapasyā) and yogic powers (siddhis). The narration of his life story and of his powers recalls those appearing in Indian hagiographies and texts that describe siddhis. The discovery of a holy place by a yogi does not represent an isolated case since similar discoveries dot the history of Hindu religious orders. As in these latter cases, the place-making process of Garh Dhām aims to give authority and legitimacy to the foundation of a new religious centre and so to further spread the Durgā cult in the area and to attract pilgrims.

Drew Thomases

This paper explores the discourse of sanātan dharm (" the eternal religion ") as it exists in the North Indian pilgrimage and tourist town of Pushkar. Despite the term's complex pedigree, it is most frequently deployed in Pushkar as a code word for universalism. I consider it a technique of "brothering," a process which suggests that through blurring distinction and drawing large enough boundaries, the other can become the self. Tourism serves as a catalyst in the creation of this discourse, manifesting in a vast repertoire of sayings and phrases that promote a type of Hindu universalism. At the same time, given its place in Pushkar's tourism economy and its nationalist history, the promise of egalitarianism can seem at times tenuous. This article discusses how issues of moneyed interest and virulent nationalism shape, and are negotiated within, discourses of the "eternal religion," while simultaneously giving serious consideration to the prospect of brothering.

Transnational Frontiers of Asia and Latin America Since 1800, Routledge

Christopher A Howard

This chapter explores the correlations between symbolic representations of the Himalaya as an enchanted landscape and the history of travel in the region. Focusing primarily on the modern context, in which western colonial explorers and early mountaineers ‘discovered’ the Himalaya and began circulating utopic imagery of a ‘lost horizon’, this is viewed in relation to the longer history of religious significance and pilgrimage in the region. In the case of the former, the continuity of salient themes from the Grand Tour into modern forms of tourism are discussed, as is the importance of Romantic thought. The ideals and imaginaries that continue to bring western travellers to the Himalaya, especially those of wild nature and spiritual enlightenment are shown to be consistent with media representations (e.g. films, guidebooks, travel literature) of the region and the wider discourse of modernity. Rather than being viewed as a set of purely western, orientalist projections, from a transcultural and mobilities perspective the chapter considers how such imagery and forms of meaning-centred travel overlap with those produced in the regional context. Long before western contact, the Himalaya was represented a sacred landscape, a place where pilgrims and ascetics could ‘walk with the Gods’. Such representations, it is argued, emanate from the literal and symbolic geography of the region, particularly its peripheral location in relation to major urban centres and also from the fact that it is home to the highest mountains on earth. The chapter considers how across cultures, mountains and remote wilderness areas are often imbued with mythological qualities, especially timelessness. In contemporary times, the image of the Himalaya as an enchanted landscape standing outside of modernity circulates across global mediascapes. While contemporary Himalayan journeys are often inspired and oriented by a search for authenticity, spirituality and wild nature, such ideals are shown to be contested by neoliberal globalisation. The steady growth of tourism in the region will be shown to be having some paradoxically destructive consequences not only for the enchanted imaginary, but the local environment and cultures of the Himalaya.

Rana P.B. SINGH , Martin Haigh

A Tirtha yatra, Hindu pilgrimage, is a liminal process that establishes participation in the spiritual realm. It is also undertaken as a social duty, a right of passage, and mode of supplication. It engages with sacred landscapes that are partly defined by the material world but rather more strongly by sacred symbols, cosmographic and astrological alignments, traditions, festivals, and the belief that these places are spiritual crossing-places into the transcendent realms of the divine. There are very many tirthas. In fact, India’s geography may be conceived as a ‘faithscape’, a nested series of pilgrimage places and their hinterlands. Topographically, holy tirthas may be classified into three groups: (i) Water-sites usually associated with sacred immersion on auspicious occasions, (ii) Shrines dedicated to particular deities, which are visited by pilgrims of particular sects or with particular needs, and (iii) Kshetra, sacred lands, usually defined by a cosmic mandala, travelling along which brings special merit. This chapter explores the Hindu pilgrimage experience and, briefly, some key pilgrimage destinations including the Khumba Mela, the world’s largest religious gathering, Varanasi’s Panchakroshi Yatra and the Vraj Parikrama. It also looks at the growth of new pilgrimage sites both in India and amongst the diaspora. Today, pilgrimage and religious tourism are expanding rapidly, in parallel with the growth of India’s middle class, creating new landscapes that blend the sacred and profane. Some three-fourths of travellers’ expenditures go into supporting tourist infrastructure and several ancient holy places are degrading into resorts, where spirituality is blended with leisure activities. Recognizing the growing complexity of Hindu pilgrimage motivations, this chapter proposes a five layer typology that recognizes: tourists, pilgrims of duty, pilgrims of need, pilgrims of hope and pilgrims of union. Keywords. Hindu Pilgrimage, Tirtha yatra, ‘faithscapes’, Pilgrimage mandala, Religious tourism, pilgrim typology.

This book, consisting of ten essays, and annotated list of important 108 pilgrimage places, deals with deeper awareness and understanding of the complexities and subtleties of pilgrimage in the contexts of the mythology, history, system, structure and functioning of Hindu pilgrimages and Sacred Space in India, and illustrated with case studies of Shaktipithas, Chitrakut, Varanasi, Gaya, Vindhyachal, Mathura, Kumbha Mela, while emphasising the textual traditions, historical outline, contemporary pilgrimage tourism, issues of contestations and seduction of history, sacred geometry and cosmic order, and use of SOC theory. This is the first full book of its kind and to be used as the major reference and text; and will open new directions of understanding in pilgrimage studies. Contents: FOREWORD‒ Robert H. Stoddard (USA): 1-4; Preface and Acknowledgements: 5-6; Studies of Hindu Pilgrimages: Emerging Trends and Bibliography: 7-48; Hindu Pilgrimage: History, Mythology and Present Concerns: 49-78; Sacredscapes & Pilgrimage System: Some Reflections: 79-120; The 51 Shaktipithas (Goddesses) and Sacred places: 121-158; The Ganga River: Images, Sacrality and Salvific Places: 159-194; Hindu Places of Pilgrimage: Communitas and Contestation: 195-244; Interfaces in Pilgrimage Landscape: Sacrality and Spatial Geometry: 245-278; Cosmic Ordering and Self Organisation among Sacred Cities: 279-304; Pilgrimage-Tourism in the Hindu Tradition: Perspectives and Vision: 305-332; Green Pilgrimage Initiatives 333-368; Gazetteer of Hindu Pilgrimages Places (108) in India: 369-390; Index: 391-399; the author: 400. 23 April 2013, A5 22 x 15cm, xiv + 400pp; 20 tables, 48 figs.,

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• Kumaoni Language And Literature
• Uttarakhand

Kumaonis speak languages belonging to the Aryan family, although some of them speak the dialects of the Tibeto - Burmese family. The influence of the Kols, Munds, Kinnar - Kirats, Dard - Khasas is also to be seen in these dialects. Almost all Kumaonis can speak Hindi and except for the Shaukas of Darma, Biyans and Chaudans, the Banrajis of Askot and Chalthi; the Tharus, Boksas, Punjabis and Bengalis, they also use Kumaoni.

Kumaoni Language

 G.A. Grierson has mentioned the use of 13 dialects in Kumaon. These are Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi. All the dialects of Garhwali and Kumaoni are called Central Pahari group of languages. To the east of these, people speak Khaskura (Nepali), to the west, Western Pahari (Himachali), to the south, Western Hindi, and to the north, languages belonging to the Tibeto - Burmese family.

Kumaon also has a very rich tradition of folk literature, which deals with local/national myths, heroes, heroines, deeds of bravery and various aspects of nature. These songs were written by some anonymous poets. The songs deal with the creation of earth, the deeds of Gods - Goddesses and local dynasties / heroes, as also characters from the Ramayan and the Mahabharat. There are folk songs dealing with the well known love story of Rajula and Malushahi, the courageous deeds of the twenty two Bafaul brothers, the heroism of Sangram Singh Karki and the imaginary lands across the Himalaya as envisaged by the two Ramola brothers. Usually, these songs are based on events from local history and the bharau (ballads) are usually sung during collective agricultural activities (Hurkiabol) and other songs in different social and cultural festivals. 

In some prosperous valleys hurkiabol is still a living folk expression.The pastoral, agricultural and children's songs of Kumaon also express a close relationship between man and his surroundings. In these songs the relations between man and his bullocks are almost human and children too, share a very intimate relationship with nature. In the songs dealing with the flora and fauna of the region, these often assume symbolic proportions. There are many types of folk songs e.g. the invitation songs, Neoli, Bhagnaul, Jhora, Chanchari and Chhapeli. 

In these songs the 'Suva' or the p'arrot symbolizes lovers, while in the 'Riturain' songs – the 'Nyoli' bird is a symbol for brothers and sisters. Neoli is also a style of singing. Even the proverbs of Kumaon are very poetic. Gopidas, Mohan Singh Reethagari, Jait Ram and Chakra Ram Damai were some of the famous folk singers of Kumaon.As far as the written literature of Kumaon is concerned Lok Ratna Pant 'Gumani', Krishna Pandey, Shiv Datt Sati, Gorda, Shyama Charan Datt Pant, Ram Dutt Pant 'Kaviraj', Chandra Lal Chaudhary, Pitambar Pandey, Bachi Ram Arya, Jeevan Chandra Joshi, Kunwar Singh Bhandari etc. are some of the well known names. Today Kumaoni poets and writers are known even outside of Kumaon. The contribution of Kumaon to the Hindi literature and journalism is unique in many ways. 

From Gumani to Sumitra Nandan Pant, Laxmi Datt Joshi to Shailesh Matiyani, Ela Chandra Joshi to Ramesh Chandra Shah, Hem Chandra Joshi to Mrinal Pande and Pankaj Bisht and many others, the contribution of Hindi writing Kumaonis is well known.Similarly the Shauka, Banraji, Tharu and Boksa tribes also have their own folk songs and dances. These are used mainly during festivals and social cultural ceremonies. The most popular dance of Kumaon is the Chhalaria, or Chholia, a dance form related with the martial traditions of the region. The Bhagnaul, Chanchari and Jhora folk songs are accompanied by dancing. Even today one can experience these in fairs and festivals.

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Uttarakhand Folk Songs and Tales : An Inclusive Window to the Intricacies of Hill Ethos

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Novels and stories set in Uttarakhand: A List

Uttarakhand is home to some of the most beautiful hills and mountain spaces in India. Rich in natural resources, this hilly state also has an equally rich and colourful history and culture. If you have been meaning to visit Uttarakhand but haven’t yet; or if you have visited it and would love to re-kindle your feelings for the place, here are seven books that will take you there at once.

1. Where Gods Dwell by Kusum Budhwar: Where Gods Dwell is a collection of local folklore and tales of Kumanun and Garhwal (the two regions of Uttarakhand). In this collection, Budhwar has done a commendable job of collecting the stories from both the regions and enhances it with a detailed introduction. Where Gods Dwell consists of stories of local heroes, local deities, star-crossed lovers and other legends and ballads that have been present in oral form for a long time. Read it to know more about the interesting traditions and folk tales of Uttarakhand.

2. Tales from the Himalayas by Priyanka Pradhan: Tales from the Himalayas is a collection of 17 short stories that are all set in the Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand. The various stories in this collection are bound to delight its readers as they take the author on a journey to (mostly) Kumaun region and invoke a dose of nostalgia about one’s childhood games and life. There are stories about snow leopards, Himalayan explorers, daily life in the hills as well as the Chipko movement that was started by the women of the state to save their forests. Deeply rooted in the locale of Uttarakhand, this sweet collection with its beautiful illustrations will definitely give you a feel of what it means to live in the region.

3. The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag by Jim Corbett: Uttarakhand is famous for its Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve and what can be better than reading a first-hand account by Corbett himself! Set somewhere around the 1920s, this exciting and thrilling narrative of a man-eater that terrorized the people of Rudraprayag is like setting on the adventure yourself. But The Man- Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag is not just about Corbett’s trail of the leopard. It is also as much as about the locals of the area, their lifestyles and challenges as well the flora, fauna and the geography of the area. A must read for anyone who wants to know what life in the mountains used to be like.

4. A Death in the Himalayas by Udayan Mukherjee: Published in 2019, A Death in the Himalayas is a mystery set in a small village in Kumaun. What sets this mystery apart from others is the fact that this book is deeply rooted in the life and issues that plague the state and the region at present. As Mukherjee spends a lot of his time in the state, he has a first-hand knowledge of the locales as well as the lifestyle of a small Himalayan village. All these things shine through in the book and make it a read suitable for even those who aren’t very interested in the genre.

5. Things to Leave Behind by Namita Gokhale: Things to Leave Behind takes its readers to the hilly town of Nainital during the British raj. The book covers a time period of almost 70 years and gives us a glimpse of the life of women as it was then. Gokhale is able to imbue the story with a rich local hue and colour by embroidering local vocabulary, customs and cultural details seamlessly into the story. Through the story two women – the rebel Tilottama and her equally fiery daughter Deoki – Gokhale spins a yarn that is not easily forgettable.

6. Manju by M T Vasudevan Nair: Manju is a novel written by the master story-teller M T Vasudevan Nair after his stay in Nainital. Manju is, at is heart, a story of loneliness and alienation felt by its central character Vimala. A schoolteacher in Nainital, she finds it difficult to feel any connection with her family and spends most of her time at the lake Naini. Manju evokes the atmosphere of a sleepy hilly town in all its beauty and is considered to be a different book from the others that Nair wrote. A Hindi film “Sharad Sandhya” was also made on the novel. Unfortunately, neither the film nor many details about the film are available online.

7. Roads to Mussorie by Ruskin Bond : No talk of books set in Uttarakhand can ever be complete without Ruskin Bond. Because many of his books set in the region have charmed their readers, selecting one can be a difficult task. However, Roads to Mussorie (a collection that show the life and times of Bond’s beloved Mussorie) is an ideal book for all readers – those who haven’t read him yet and those who love his writings. In short pieces, Bond takes his readers to Mussorie and shares with them the life of this small town in his trademark witty style. Read this if you haven’t read it yet and enjoy the delights Mussorie from your home!

We encourage you to buy books from a local bookstore . If that is not possible, please use the links on the page and support us. Thank you.

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Uttarakhand's Unique Culture and Traditions

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Uttarakhand, the northernmost state of India, is steeped in history and culture. It’s home to the Himalayas—the tallest mountain range in the world, and home to its highest peak—Everest, which stands at 29,029 feet (8,848 meters). The majestic mountains draw tourists from around the world every year who wish to see this natural wonder up close. The mountains themselves are stunning, but it’s the culture of Uttarakhand that makes it truly special.

Let’s talk about some of the unique culture and traditions of Uttarakhand

1. Art and Architecture

The art and architecture of Uttarakhand is unique and deeply rooted in the culture and traditions of the region. The most prominent type of architecture found in Uttarakhand is the Hindu temple. These temples are often adorned with intricate carvings and beautiful sculptures. The temples are not only places of worship but also serve as cultural centers where people can come to learn about their heritage and traditions. In addition, traditional crafts such as woodcarving, stone carving, metal working, terracotta work, pottery making and hand weaving are still practiced today in Uttarakhand.

2. Language, Literature, and Sports

The Uttarakhand region has its own unique culture and traditions, which are reflected in its language, literature, and sports. The native language of Uttarakhand is Hindi, but there are also many regional dialects spoken in the area. The literature of Uttarakhand is rich and varied, with many traditional folk tales and poems. Sports are also an important part of the culture of Uttarakhand, with cricket and football being the most popular. Other popular sports include kabaddi, volleyball, wrestling, boxing, and kho-kho. Almost every village has a playground where people play their favorite games together.

3. Cuisine & Dress

Uttarakhand is known for its unique cuisine, which is a blend of Kumaoni and Garhwali dishes. The most popular dish is dal bhat, which is a lentil soup served with rice. Another popular dish is Aloo Gobi, a potato and cauliflower curry. The people of Uttarakhand also wear traditional clothing, such as the dhoti for men and the sari for women.

4. Handicrafts & Handlooms

The hill state of Uttarakhand is blessed with a rich culture and tradition. One of the most important aspects of Uttarakhandi culture is its handicrafts and handlooms. The state is home to a number of skilled artisans who create beautiful handicrafts using traditional methods. These crafts are not only works of art, but also have a deep symbolic meaning. 

For example, the wooden toys made in the Kumaon region are believed to bring good luck. Similarly, one can find beautiful examples of stone and terracotta art all over the state. Woodcarving, embroidery work, pottery-making, needlework and carpet weaving are some other popular forms of arts that you will come across in Uttarakhand.

5. Climate and Geography

Uttarakhand is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of the Gods due to the many Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites located throughout the state. The state is home to the Himalayan Mountains, which provide a unique climate and geography. This combination of factors has resulted in a culture that is quite different from other parts of India. 

For example, most people who live in Uttarakhand are Hindu, but there are also some Buddhist monks who have made their homes here. In addition to these two major religions, there are also a number of people who practice Islam or Christianity. There are also tribes living in the hills such as the Bhotiya, Raji, and Kumaon that have retained their ancient belief systems. Many customs from these groups can be seen at festival times when villagers visit each other’s homes with gifts and foods for an evening feast known as bhoj

6. Uttarakhand Wedding

A typical Uttarakhand wedding is a lavish affair with plenty of food, music, and dancing. The bride usually wears a red sari, while the uttarakhandi groom dons a traditional sherwani. The wedding feast typically includes dishes such as kadhi (a yogurt-based soup), aloo gobi (potatoes and cauliflower), and saag (spinach). After the meal, the guests often enjoy watching folk dances such as the ghoomar or Nati. In fact, these types of dances are so popular in Uttarakhand that they are used in courtship rituals.

Uttarakhand is a culturally rich and diverse state in India. From the iconic temples of Char Dham to the serene beauty of Nainital, Uttarakhand has something for everyone. The state is also home to a number of unique traditions, such as the Kumaoni wedding ceremony, which is a must-see for any visitor. If you're looking to experience something truly special, make sure to add Uttarakhand to your list of places to visit. Looking for an Uttarakhandi groom or Uttarakhandi bride? Contact uttarakhandshadi.com .

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Essay On Uttarakhand In English In 500+ Words {Step by Step Guide}

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Essay On Uttarakhand In English In 500+ Words

Introduction:

Uttarakhand is a state located in northern India. Due to many pilgrimages and Hindu Temples, the state is also called the Devbhumi or the Land of the lord.

The mention of the Uttarakhand state is found in the Vedic books and in the time of the Mahabharata. The state was part of Uttar Pradesh after the Independence of India and then a separate state was created.

Establishment of state:

Uttarakhand is the 27th state of India crafted out from Uttar Pradesh since November 9, 2000. From 2000 to 2006 it was known as Uttaranchal.

In January 2007, keeping in mind the emotions of the local people, the official name of the state was changed to Uttarakhand.

Geography of Uttarakhand:

Uttarakhand shares a border with China, the Far-western Region of Nepal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana. The capital of the state is Dehradun and it is also the largest city of the state.

A small town named Gairsain has been proposed as the future capital due to its geographical location. The Uttarakhand is basically Himalayan ranges with some plane areas.

However, the majority of the areas under this state are covered by the Hill Region. There are forest reserves and sanctuaries here as well. The state has multiple rivers and sources of the major rivers of India such as the Ganga , Yamuna , And many others.

Uttarakhand, at a Glace:

The official languages of the state of Uttarakhand are Hindi and Sanskrit. The languages spoken in Uttarakhand can be divided into two major groups:

Kumaoni and Garhwali which are spoken in Kumaon and Garhwal division respectively. Along with this, A total of 13 languages including Jaunsari are spoken in the state.

The High Court of the state is in Nainital. At present, the state is divided into 13 districts and two divisions (Garhwal and Kumaun). The population of the state is said to be 10,086,29. The area of the state is 53,483 sq. km.

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The state flower of Uttarakhand is Bramhakamal, the state bird is monal, the State animal is musk deer, the state tree is Burans.

The enriched folk culture of Uttarakhand is prevailing since ancient times. The majority of the people practice Hinduism in the state. However, other religions like Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, Christianity are also found in the state.

Uttarakhand is the second-fastest-growing state in India in terms of economy. Agriculture is the most prominent part of the economy.

The hydropower plants of the state are also a major source of the economy. Tourism is a huge source of income for the people and constitutes a crucial part of the economy.

Major religious and tourist places:

Char Dham or Four Pilgrimages to India are present in the state, Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, Yamunotri, and many other Hindu pilgrimages are scattered around the state.

Places like Auli and others are known for ice skating and other ice sports. Lakhs of visitors come to Uttarakhand every year.

The valleys of flowers in the state of Uttarakhand make its beauty famous all over the world.

Some of the Important national parks located in the state of Uttarakhand like Jim Corbett National park (Ramnagar) Valley of flowers national park (Nainital) and Ganga ki Devi National park (Chamoli district) are famous all over the world due to their own beauty.

A large number of domestic and foreign tourists come to visit the state with about 80 percent mountainous terrain.

Sri Hemkund Sahib, the main religious place of Sikhs situated in the lap of the Himalayas mountains, is also in Uttarakhand.

Conclusion:

The Uttarakhand state remains a topic of discussion all over the world due to its sacred land and natural beauty and plays an important role in all the special states of India.

The state of Uttarakhand is said to be a boon of the supernatural beauty of nature. Since its foundation, this state is on the path of continuous development on the basis of its hard work.

Hope the state of Uttarakhand touches the heights of development in the same way in the future and achieves a new milestone.

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Food of Uttarakhand : Scrumptious Delicacies From The Land of Natural Beauty

This dish is a boon for all the diet-conscious people out there. Yes, it is actually that nutritious. Kafuli is a famous food of Uttarakhand prepared of Spinach and fenugreek leaves. This exotic dish is prepared in an iron kadhai and complemented by hot steaming rice. It is the most nourishing and health-conscious dish you will come across in the state.

2. Bhang Ki Chutney

We are not kidding! There is chutney made in Uttarakhand that is actually bhang ki chutney. It simply enhances the taste of every other cuisine and its fresh aroma and tangy taste will linger in your mouth long after you have consumed it. It is prepared of Hemp Seeds which provides it with the characteristic aroma. Already feel your mouth-watering?

3. Garhwal ka Fannah

This heavenly Uttarakhand food is a staple of Mussoorie and is good enough to satiate both your eyes and stomach. It happens to be one of those dishes that will simply leave you craving for more. Since it is so divine in its taste and aroma, Garhwal Ka Fannah has become a must food item in the menu card for every occasion that takes place in Uttarakhand.

Phaanu is a dish that is famous mostly in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. It is rather complicated to prepare since it is made by mixing lentils of different varieties that are soaked in water overnight. It is a kind of soupy dish, served mostly with rice. The unique flavour of Phaanu will definitely be a treat for your taste buds!

Baadi is a famous Uttarakhand food that has mesmerised the locals and tourists for a long time, mainly by its lingering aroma and tangy taste. This dish is as simple as the people of Uttarakhand. It is bequeathed with all the essential nutrients that are hard to find in one dish altogether. It is abundant in Vitamin B12 and Vitamin A among others. What more can we ask for, when we get nutrients and taste in a single delicacy!

6. Kandalee Ka Saag

This food of Uttarakhand which is highly popular among visitors and tourists is none other than the Kandalee Ka Saag. It is a green leafy vegetable prepared in an ordinary way like all the other vegetables, but the leafy vegetable called “Bicchu Ghas” is what makes it different. Like all other dishes of Uttarakhand, this too is rich in nutrients.

7. Chainsoo

If you have been to Uttarakhand you might have heard of Chainsoo. It is a very famous Garhwal dish which is made of Urad or Kali Dal and thus consists of a lot of protein. Many people find it hard to digest, but this dish has a totally earthy flavour which is definitely worth trying. It is tasty enough to give a tough competition to Punjabi’s Maa Ki Dal!

8. Kumaoni Raita

Like the Bhang ki Chutney, Kumaoni Raita is yet another dish that accompanies every other cuisine of Uttrakhand. The locals of this state can’t do without Kumaoni Raita which is prepared from curd, turmeric, and cucumber. The goodness of cucumber is an asset for your system, but the heavenly taste beats it all.

Touted as one of the best dishes of Uttarakhand, Dubuk makes the people a fan by its indescribable taste.  It is a preparation of Dal and is best served with rice. You might think what’s so special about a normal delicacy prepared of Dal. Well, Dubuk is here to change your perception. Though the suitable time to eat Dubuk is during winters, who can stop you from savouring it all throughout the year.

10. Jhangora Ki Kheer

When talking about delicacies how can we not mention the desserts! This is one famous sweet dish of Uttarakhand. Jhangora is a type of millet that is the main ingredient of this dessert. Jhangora Ki Kheer has an unforgettable taste and is a must-try after a heavy meal of the Garhwali cuisines. Its rich texture and the goodness of milk will leave you asking for more.

11. Gulgula

Yet another dish that is highly popular among tourists and visitors, Gulgula is a delectable sweet of Uttarakhand. It is a sweet local snack made of jaggery which traces its origin to the Garhwal region. This is a very common dish you will find in the State since it uses extremely basic ingredients that are available in the immediate vicinity of the local people. Gulgula has eventually found its place in the delicious desserts in many parts of Northern India.

Arsa is the most famous dessert in the Uttarakhand region. It has come to occupy a permanent place in every household in the State. This sweet dish is high on the taste meter and low on the calorie meter which makes it so hugely popular. No festival or occasion in Uttarakhand is complete without the magnanimous presence of Arsa. Do we need to say more about this one?!

13. Singori

Singori also called Singodi / Singauri is a widely known sweet dish in Uttarakhand that’s made with Khoa, a dairy product of thickened milk which is wrapped in a Maalu leaf. It is a cone-shaped sweet savoury that’s available in Almora the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.

14. Thhatwani/Ras

A fine soup with a mix of rice paste, lentils stock and pulses that are cooked in an iron vessel. The pulses are soaked in water overnight which is later boiled and cooked with herbs and masala in an iron kadhai. This high in protein dish is best served with hot steamed rice.

15. Aloo Gutuk

A typical Indian dish that’s made in every household, but it wouldn’t be an exaggeration if it came to be called a regional food of Uttarakhand. Coupled with Bhang ki chutney, Pooris and Kamaoni Raita, this dish will give your soul what it needs. An effortless dish of boiled potatoes garnished with coriander and red chillies this dish is a must-try.

16. Aloo ka Jhol

Jhol means ‘thin gravy’ in Hindi. Aloo ka Jhol is a potato recipe served with pooris or chapatis that has many variants. It is also called as Aloo rasedar, mathura ke dubki wale aloo, poori bhaji, poori masala and so on.

So here is yet another reason to visit the land of natural beauty (as if you needed one!). The next time you are in Uttarakhand, don’t miss out on these delectable cuisines, because as we say “time and food waits for none”!

This post was published by Roli Sharaf

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Uttarakhand PCS Exam Notes

UKPCS Prelims and Mains Notes-UKPSC Test Series

History and Culture of Uttarakhand

• PRESS & MAGAZINES of Uttarakhand
• PRE HISTORY of Uttarakhand
• Archaeological sites of Uttarakhand
• HISTORY OF MODERN Uttarakhand after Independence
• Famous Fairs and Festivals of Uttarakhand
• Introduction of History of uttarakhand
• Tehri Estate : History of Uttarakhand
• Sceduled Tribes: History of Uttarakhand
• Role of Uttarakhand in National Moments
• Peoples Moments: History of Uttarakhand
• Gurkha British War: History of Uttarakhand
• Freedom Moments : History of Uttarakhand
• Parmaras ; Short Introduction History of Uttarakhand
• Kuninda Kingdom : History of Uttarakhand
• Katyuri kings:History of Uttarakhand
•  Chand Dynasty of Kumaon: History of Uttarakhand
• Ancient Tribes of Uttarakhand History
•  History of Uttarakhand ;An Introduction

Uttarakhand History can be traced back to the Prehistoric Period , with the development of Civilization in the Ancient History of Uttarakhand. We have Bifurcated the History of Uttarakhand into four sections for the systematic study for UKPCS Exam by our students. Uttarakhand History plays a crucial role in not only Uttarakhand PSC Prelims Exam but even UKPCS Mains Exam. Uttarakhand History Notes are designed by UKPCS Toppers and other civil servants. Detail Notes can be browsed at the following links

Detailed Notes for Uttarakhand History

Specifically designed Notes for Uttarakhand History can be Bought at minimum price in PDF or Printed format

• History of Uttarakhand from Vedic age to Gupta Period
• Major dynasties of Uttarakhand
• Former Pricely States of Uttarakhand and Zamindaris
• British Rule in Uttarakhand
• Feudatory States in Uttarakhand
• Freedom Movement in Uttarakhand
• Revolt of 1857 in Uttarakhand
• Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements in Uttarakhand
• Constitution of Uttarakhand
• Handicraft of Uttarakhand
• Art Forms of Uttarakhand
• Painting of Uttarakhand
• Uttarakhand Folk Dance
• Folk Songs of Uttarakhand
• Languages and Literature of State
• Fairs and Festivals of Uttarakhand
• PRESS & MAGAZINES of Uttarakhand
• Coming Soon

Hope you must have Liked the detailed Notes for UKPCS Preparation by Uttarakhand PSC Notes expert team. Free notes for UKPCS can be browsed on UKPCSnotes. For any querry and suggessions kindly leave a comment in the below comment box for expert guidence by UKPCS Experts.

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Wednesday, May 15, 2024 Dartmouth Hall 104  

3:30 pm Introduction: Michael Wyatt Moderator: Miranda Ochoa Natera

3:35 pm Phoenix Guqing Wang Troubling Waters: Anthropocene Marine Gothic in 19 th -Century Anglo-American Fiction

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5:00 pm Introduction: Michael Wyatt Moderator: Wenjun Yang

5: 10 pm Pumho Karimi Questioning Modernity's Episteme: A Comparative Literary Analysis Towards Planetary Spiritualism

5:30 pm Miranda Ochoa Natera Marvelous Ordinariness: Re-engaging with Realism's Social Function

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Book Review: Memoirist Lilly Dancyger’s penetrating essays explore the power of female friendships

This cover image released by Dial Press shows “First Love” by Lilly Dancyger. (Dial Press via AP)

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Who means more to you — your friends or your lovers? In a vivid, thoughtful and nuanced collection of essays, Lilly Dancyger explores the powerful role that female friendships played in her chaotic upbringing marked by her parents’ heroin use and her father’s untimely death when she was only 12.

“First Love: Essays on Friendship” begins with a beautiful paean to her cousin Sabina, who was raped and murdered at age 20 on her way home from a club. As little kids, their older relatives used to call them Snow White and Rose Red after the Grimm’s fairy tale, “two sisters who are not rivals or foils, but simply love each other.”

That simple, uncomplicated love would become the template for a series of subsequent relationships with girls and women that helped her survive her self-destructive adolescence and provided unconditional support as she scrambled to create a new identity as a “hypercompetent” writer, teacher and editor. “It’s true that I’ve never been satisfied with friendships that stay on the surface. That my friends are my family, my truest beloveds, each relationship a world of its own,” she writes in the title essay “First Love.”

The collection stands out not just for its elegant, unadorned writing but also for the way she effortlessly pivots between personal history and spot-on cultural criticism that both comments on and critiques the way that girls and women have been portrayed — and have portrayed themselves — in the media, including on online platforms like Tumblr and Instagram.

For instance, she examines the 1994 Peter Jackson film, “Heavenly Creatures,” based on the true story of two teenage girls who bludgeoned to death one of their mothers. And in the essay “Sad Girls,” about the suicide of a close friend, she analyzes the allure of self-destructive figures like Sylvia Plath and Janis Joplin to a certain type of teen, including herself, who wallows in sadness and wants to make sure “the world knew we were in pain.”

In the last essay, “On Murder Memoirs,” Dancyger considers the runaway popularity of true crime stories as she tries to explain her decision not to attend the trial of the man charged with killing her cousin — even though she was trained as a journalist and wrote a well-regarded book about her late father that relied on investigative reporting. “When I finally sat down to write about Sabina, the story that came out was not about murder at all,” she says. “It was a love story.”

Readers can be thankful that it did.

AP book reviews: https://apnews.com/hub/book-reviews