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• What is an essay? 

What makes a good essay?

Typical essay structure, 7 steps to writing a good essay, a step-by-step guide to writing a good essay.

Whether you are gearing up for your GCSE coursework submissions or looking to brush up on your A-level writing skills, we have the perfect essay-writing guide for you. 💯

Staring at a blank page before writing an essay can feel a little daunting . Where do you start? What should your introduction say? And how should you structure your arguments? They are all fair questions and we have the answers! Take the stress out of essay writing with this step-by-step guide – you’ll be typing away in no time. 👩‍💻

What is an essay?

Generally speaking, an essay designates a literary work in which the author defends a point of view or a personal conviction, using logical arguments and literary devices in order to inform and convince the reader.

So – although essays can be broadly split into four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive – an essay can simply be described as a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. 🤔

The purpose of an essay is to present a coherent argument in response to a stimulus or question and to persuade the reader that your position is credible, believable and reasonable. 👌

So, a ‘good’ essay relies on a confident writing style – it’s clear, well-substantiated, focussed, explanatory and descriptive . The structure follows a logical progression and above all, the body of the essay clearly correlates to the tile – answering the question where one has been posed. 

But, how do you go about making sure that you tick all these boxes and keep within a specified word count? Read on for the answer as well as an example essay structure to follow and a handy step-by-step guide to writing the perfect essay – hooray. 🙌

Sometimes, it is helpful to think about your essay like it is a well-balanced argument or a speech – it needs to have a logical structure, with all your points coming together to answer the question in a coherent manner. ⚖️

Of course, essays can vary significantly in length but besides that, they all follow a fairly strict pattern or structure made up of three sections. Lean into this predictability because it will keep you on track and help you make your point clearly. Let’s take a look at the typical essay structure:  

#1 Introduction

Start your introduction with the central claim of your essay. Let the reader know exactly what you intend to say with this essay. Communicate what you’re going to argue, and in what order. The final part of your introduction should also say what conclusions you’re going to draw – it sounds counter-intuitive but it’s not – more on that below. 1️⃣

Make your point, evidence it and explain it. This part of the essay – generally made up of three or more paragraphs depending on the length of your essay – is where you present your argument. The first sentence of each paragraph – much like an introduction to an essay – should summarise what your paragraph intends to explain in more detail. 2️⃣

#3 Conclusion

This is where you affirm your argument – remind the reader what you just proved in your essay and how you did it. This section will sound quite similar to your introduction but – having written the essay – you’ll be summarising rather than setting out your stall. 3️⃣

No essay is the same but your approach to writing them can be. As well as some best practice tips, we have gathered our favourite advice from expert essay-writers and compiled the following 7-step guide to writing a good essay every time. 👍

#1 Make sure you understand the question

#2 complete background reading.

#3 Make a detailed plan 

#4 Write your opening sentences 

#5 flesh out your essay in a rough draft, #6 evidence your opinion, #7 final proofread and edit.

Now that you have familiarised yourself with the 7 steps standing between you and the perfect essay, let’s take a closer look at each of those stages so that you can get on with crafting your written arguments with confidence . 

This is the most crucial stage in essay writing – r ead the essay prompt carefully and understand the question. Highlight the keywords – like ‘compare,’ ‘contrast’ ‘discuss,’ ‘explain’ or ‘evaluate’ – and let it sink in before your mind starts racing . There is nothing worse than writing 500 words before realising you have entirely missed the brief . 🧐

Unless you are writing under exam conditions , you will most likely have been working towards this essay for some time, by doing thorough background reading. Re-read relevant chapters and sections, highlight pertinent material and maybe even stray outside the designated reading list, this shows genuine interest and extended knowledge. 📚

#3 Make a detailed plan

Following the handy structure we shared with you above, now is the time to create the ‘skeleton structure’ or essay plan. Working from your essay title, plot out what you want your paragraphs to cover and how that information is going to flow. You don’t need to start writing any full sentences yet but it might be useful to think about the various quotes you plan to use to substantiate each section. 📝

Having mapped out the overall trajectory of your essay, you can start to drill down into the detail. First, write the opening sentence for each of the paragraphs in the body section of your essay. Remember – each paragraph is like a mini-essay – the opening sentence should summarise what the paragraph will then go on to explain in more detail. 🖊️

Next, it's time to write the bulk of your words and flesh out your arguments. Follow the ‘point, evidence, explain’ method. The opening sentences – already written – should introduce your ‘points’, so now you need to ‘evidence’ them with corroborating research and ‘explain’ how the evidence you’ve presented proves the point you’re trying to make. ✍️

With a rough draft in front of you, you can take a moment to read what you have written so far. Are there any sections that require further substantiation? Have you managed to include the most relevant material you originally highlighted in your background reading? Now is the time to make sure you have evidenced all your opinions and claims with the strongest quotes, citations and material. 📗

This is your final chance to re-read your essay and go over it with a fine-toothed comb before pressing ‘submit’. We highly recommend leaving a day or two between finishing your essay and the final proofread if possible – you’ll be amazed at the difference this makes, allowing you to return with a fresh pair of eyes and a more discerning judgment. 🤓

If you are looking for advice and support with your own essay-writing adventures, why not t ry a free trial lesson with GoStudent? Our tutors are experts at boosting academic success and having fun along the way. Get in touch and see how it can work for you today. 🎒

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How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an introduction paragraph , how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Here’s an example of an essay introduction paragraph about the importance of education: 

Education is often viewed as a fundamental human right and a key social and economic development driver. As Nelson Mandela once famously said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is the key to unlocking a wide range of opportunities and benefits for individuals, societies, and nations. In today’s constantly evolving world, education has become even more critical. It has expanded beyond traditional classroom learning to include digital and remote learning, making education more accessible and convenient. This essay will delve into the importance of education in empowering individuals to achieve their dreams, improving societies by promoting social justice and equality, and driving economic growth by developing a skilled workforce and promoting innovation. 

This introduction paragraph example includes a hook (the quote by Nelson Mandela), provides some background information on education, and states the thesis statement (the importance of education). 

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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• Transcripts
• Cost & Tuition

A Sample Five-Paragraph Essay

The Benefits of Regular Exercise

by Bette Latta, Professor of English, University of Tennessee

You are here

Essay tutorial.

The text which learners have created will be scanned for keywords that have been defined by an author beforehand.

When to use Essay

An Essay content type can be used for various types of exercises. In this tutorial, we will use Essay to get a summary of the book the learner has read. Also, we will define some keywords for which we will give points/feedback if the learner mentions them in his or her answer.

Step 1: Topic

This content should assist the learner to write an  Essay on the novel "The Hobbit" by J.R.R. Tolkien with at least 100 characters. The learner will be awarded points and receive feedback if he or she use specific keywords.

Step 2: Creating an Essay

Select the  New content  option and choose  Essay  from the list of Content types:

Step 3: Creating an Essay

The Essay editor should now appear. The main part of the editor looks like this:

The Essay editor consists of  Task description, Help text, Sample solution  and  Keywords .

Step 4: Task description 

In the Task description field, we give the learner basic instructions or introduce the problem to be solved. We'll use this text for the Task description:   Please describe the novel "The Hobbit" by J.R.R. Tolkien with at least 100 characters and up to 500 characters.

Step 5: Help text

In the  Help text  field, we give the learner some line to help start the writing process. This text will appear as a placeholder text inside the input field where the learner will type his answer. This text is optional. In our example, we'll use this text for the Help text :   In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit ...

Step 6: Sample solution

In the  Sample solution , we show the learner an example of how the finished essay can look. The student will see this sample after he is done. This text is optional. For our example, type this for  Sample solution :  Introduction:   Please remember that you were not expected to come up with the exact same solution. It is just a good example.

Sample solution text :  The book is about a guy called Bilbo. One day, he gets some unexpected visitors: Gandalf, the wizard, and nine dwarfs. Some of them had strange names such as Gloin or Dori. Together, they go on an adventure and try to retrieve a treasure from Smaug, an old dragon. Bilbo somewhat betrays the dwarfs, but still is the hero. Bilbo is a good guy.

Step 7: Keywords

Using  keywords we define how many points we will attribute for the appearance of a specific word. In our example we want to set points for these keywords:

It is possible to add variations for each keyword, for example: (adventure or quest or journey). T he learner will get 10 points if he mentions any variation of this word.

• Points - The number of points a learner will earn if this word is used
• Occurrences - How many times we should give the points for this word
• Case sensitive - Is the answer case sensitive or not
• Forgive minor mistakes - Accepting minor spelling mistakes ( 3-9 characters: 1 mistake, >9 characters: 2 mistakes)
• Feedback if keyword included  - Provide feedback if the user has used this word
• Feedback if keyword missing  - Provide feedback if the user did not use this word 

Step 8: Behavioural settings

Below are the optional settings for this content type, like minimum and a maximum number of characters  the learner is supposed to type, enabling Retry and more:

Step 9: Finishing up

Save the node/article to view your finished Essay. You should now have the same result as the example on top of the page.    Feel free to leave any comments or suggestions on how to improve this tutorial.

Tue, 07/02/2019 - 16:28

FYI - This is one of the feedback questions from the example.

Did you possible forget to mention what a certain Wizard did?

• Log in or register to post comments

Wed, 07/03/2019 - 08:14

Hi ajwalsh,Thank you for the

Hi ajwalsh,

Thank you for the feedback.

Tue, 07/16/2019 - 22:23

Essay no keywords?

Hello! I'm wondering if there's a way to set up an essay type question without requiring keywords! We would simply like students to submit an answer to a question without checking that they included specific words first, and to include a 'thank you' once they've submitted. Is this currently possible?

Wed, 07/17/2019 - 18:33

Hi ajturner3,This is not

Hi ajturner3,

This is not possible with essay. Why not use Questionnaire instead, this provides you with an option to add an open ended question without having to keyword and it also doesn't give a score.

Wed, 09/18/2019 - 14:17

Punctuation

Would it be possible to also track sentence types, word form or word order? For example:

1. Using a dependent clause followed by a comma and an independent clause or independent + dependent

2. Use of comma, semi-colon, and full stop

3. Subjec and verb agreement or verb tenses

4.  Subject + verb + complement (sentence patterns)

It would be great if feedback on grammar usage is included. 

Fri, 03/27/2020 - 09:12

How can I see what my students have written

I'm using H5P as a moodle plug in and I'd like to see what my students have actually written in their essays (and not just the grades).

Is there a way to do this?

Thanks! 

Fri, 03/27/2020 - 17:49

Hi tkollewe,I'm afraid this

Hi tkollewe,

I'm afraid this is not possible.

Fri, 03/27/2020 - 16:44

Essay Content Type Not Working

I'm trying to reuse the code for the essay in my H5P instance, but when I upload the file it says a library is missing. Please advise.

Fri, 03/27/2020 - 18:17

Hi eilawan,Please provide the

Hi eilawan,

Please provide the following information:

• Where did you download the "code"?
• Where are you uploading it (Moodle, Worpress, Drupal) and version.
• Screenshot of the error.

Mon, 03/30/2020 - 01:19

Screenshot of Error

Thanks for your reply!

1. I downloaded the code from the reuse button on the H5P Examples and Downloads page

2. I'm uploading it into an instance of H5P in Canvas LMS.

3. How do I add an image to the comments area here? Error message when uploading essay content type says: "

Validating h5p package failed.

Missing required library H5P.Essay 1.2 Get help

Mon, 03/30/2020 - 18:42

Hi eilawan,If I;m not

If I;m not mistaken you are using H5P.com. If so you need to enable Essay by going to Manage Organization -> Settings -> Content Type settings.

Sat, 03/28/2020 - 12:33

Essay not showing up

Essay isn't showing up as an option. What should I do? 

Mon, 03/30/2020 - 12:33

Hi triantac,Please make sure

Hi triantac,

Please make sure that you have the latest version of the H5P plugin. You can also download the sample content  and upload it to your system. 

If in case you are using H5P.com you need to enable Essay by going to Manage Organization -> Settings -> Content Tyoe settings.

Tue, 04/14/2020 - 13:14

Grades - how to see

I'm using H5P as a moodle plug in and I'd like to see the grades of my students. 

What I'm doing wrong?

Tue, 04/14/2020 - 18:37

Hi Rhona,Please make sure

Please make sure that the students are clicking the 'check' button. All content types have triggers to when they will send the scores to the Gradebook, most of them would be after clicking the 'check' button.

Fri, 07/10/2020 - 11:13

Change number of characters

Is it possible to change the number of characters to number of words?

I think it's more useful for exams... 

Fri, 07/10/2020 - 11:15

Is it possible to change the number of characters to number of words of Essay?

It's more useful for exams 

Mon, 07/13/2020 - 18:19

Hi Acing,I'm afraid this is

Sabina Lukežič

Tue, 11/24/2020 - 10:14

slovenščina

Pozdravljeni!

Zakaj pri vsebini esej ne vidim kaj so mi učenci zapisali? Učenci so rešili, kliknili na "preveri". Zakaj jaz ne vidim njihovih zapisov v "ocenah"?

Tue, 11/24/2020 - 18:44

Hi Sabina,Make sure that you

Make sure that you are using the latest version of the H5P plugin and Essay.

Chus del Pozo

Thu, 03/04/2021 - 11:29

Evitar el uso de traductores

Una pregunta, se puede configurar una tarea para evitar que los alumnos usen los traductores, es decir, que  copien y peguen los textos??

Thu, 03/04/2021 - 17:32

"A question, can a task be

"A question, can a task be configured to prevent students from using the translators, that is, to copy and paste the texts?

All the best"

I'm afraid there is no feature in Essay that can do this. The good thing about H5P is that it is open sourced so you or anyone else can make the changes to the code. You can also help by developing or help (crowd) fund the development of this feature.

nikki.andersen

Tue, 06/29/2021 - 03:45

Downloading essay answer

Can students download their answer to the essay for personal use? if so, how can they do this?

Tue, 06/29/2021 - 19:09

Hi Nikki,I'm sorry but this

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How to Paraphrase in an Essay – Tutorial with Examples

Paraphrasing is expressing the contents of a passage in different words. It allows the student to use other people’s content without copying or plagiarizing. 

I’m Tutor Phil, and in this tutorial, I’ll show you a simple 5-step paraphrasing strategy and give you 10 examples of effective paraphrasing. 

Here are five steps to paraphrasing:

Step 1. Make sure you’re clear on your own argument or thesis

Before you use other people’s content in your essay or research paper, you need to make sure you’re crystal clear on what exactly you’re trying to express.

If you’re not perfectly clear on your own main and supporting arguments, then paraphrasing will be difficult. You’ll be struggling in every sentence because you’re not sure how another author’s passage will fit your argument.

In other words, before you lay a brick, make sure you know what the house will ultimately look like. 

To learn this skill, check out my tutorial on essay writing for beginners . 

Step 2. Pick a spot where you will use paraphrasing

Once you know exactly what you’re arguing, identify where in your essay, section, or paragraph you will use the paraphrased passage. 

The best spot for a paraphrase is usually in the Explanation and Example parts of a body paragraph.

This is where you will provide the bulk of your evidence or support. You can paraphrase a passage that will serve to explain a concept or describe a process. You can also paraphrase specific examples. 

Step 3. Read the passage you want to paraphrase

Take the time to read the original passage and make sure you understand it thoroughly. 

• Look for the main subject – what or whom is this passage about?
• Look for the main point – what is the author really trying to say?
• Look for any evidence the author is using to support his argument. 

Step 4. Rewrite the ideas of the passage in your own words

This is the trickiest part, and let me give you 4 techniques you can use now to complete this step. Keep in mind that I’ll give you 10 paraphrasing examples in a minute, and they will illustrate the use of these techniques. 

Technique 1. Begin your sentence or passage at a different point from that the author uses. 

For example, if the sentence starts with a cause and ends with an effect, start your sentence talking about the effect and then explain the cause. 

Technique 2. Use synonyms

Arm yourself with a thesaurus; this online version work just fine. A thesaurus is like a dictionary, only it provides you with alternatives for word choice. 

Technique 3. Rearrange the sentence or passage 

This is similar to technique 1, but in this one you can arrange the original sentence or even the entire passage any way you like, as long as it retains the original meaning.

For example, the original passage may contain general and specific statements located haphazardly. You can arrange the contents of the passage to flow from general to specific. 

An example of rearranging content within a sentence is to switch from active to passive voice or vice versa. 

Technique 4. Chunk up or down

What do I mean by this funny phrase? I mean that if the original sentence is very long, you can chunk it down into two or more sentences. 

If the passage contains two or more sentences that can be combined, chunk them up into one sentence. 

Step 5. Edit your paraphrased passage for flow

When you’re done paraphrasing, go back and read your whole paragraph, making sure it flows. If necessary, use one or more transitions to make it fit in nicely.

Here is my tutorial on how to use transitions in an essay . 

10 Paraphrasing Examples

Paraphrasing example 1.

“Carbs are the best way to fuel your body—but choose the right ones. Cutting back on carbs like the added sugars in soft drinks, candy and pastries will cut calories and is great for your overall health. Replacing those carbs with nutrient-rich choices like whole grains, fruits and vegetables will give you the nutrients you need for good health, along with the fuel your body craves to perform at its best.” (Thalheimer, 2015, p. 3). 

“The right carbohydrates are the best source of fuel for the human body. The best carbs for overall health come from whole foods, and added sugars are best avoided. In order to provide the body with high-quality fuel, it’s best to give preference to whole grains, fruits, and veggies over soda and sugary snacks.”  

What have we done?

In the first sentence, we used technique 1 – flipping the beginning and the ending of a sentence. The original ends with choosing the right carbs. We begin with it.

The next two sentences in the paraphrase are an example of using technique 3 – rearranging content. We took more general concepts and put them in sentence 2. And sentence 3 is more specific because it provides examples of the ideas in the previous sentence. 

To break this down, each of the original sentences 2 & 3 provides reasons to choose better foods and the foods to avoid and to choose instead. 

In the paraphrase, we listed the reasons in sentence 2 and provided examples in sentence 3. 

Paraphrasing Example 2

“For almost a full century, the mission of U.S. educational measurement has been to elicit test-takers’ scores so those scores can be compared with one another. This is a good and useful thing to do, particularly so in situations where the number of applicants exceeds the number of openings. To make a flock of important educational decisions, we need to identify our strongest and weakest performing students.” (Popham, 2014, p. 47). 

“Gathering and comparing the scores of test-takers has been the purpose of U.S. scholastic measurement for almost a hundred years. A viable strategy, it is especially useful when applicants outnumber the available openings. Students demonstrating the strongest and weakest performance should be identified in order to enable effective decision-making in education.”

In sentence 1, we used techniques 1 & 2. First, we flipped the beginning and the ending of the sentence. The paraphrased version feels as if we are reading the original from end to beginning.

Next, we used a bunch of synonyms:

• “Century” became “ hundred years ”
• “Mission” became “ purpose ”
• “Eliciting” became “ gathering ”

We also used synonymous language in sentence 2: “A good and useful thing to do” became “ A viable strategy .” “The number exceeds” became “ outnumber .”

And in sentence 3, we used technique 3 and switched the sentence from the active voice to the passive voice. You should do this only sparingly.

But feel free to switch from the passive to the active voice as often as you want. The active voice is better and more desirable. 

Paraphrasing Example 3

“Successfully confronting the topic of race is a constant struggle within the U.S. history curriculum. This shortcoming is not due to historians’ or practitioners’ inability to see the correlation between race and history, but instead is due to the innate nature in which history is told.” (Rochester & Heafner, 2020, pp. 319-320). 

“Teachers of U.S. history continuously struggle to effectively discuss the topic of race. The cause of the problem is not that historians or practitioners cannot see the race-history correlation. The real challenge is inherent in the way they tell the history.”

We again used synonyms throughout the passage. Since the subject in the first sentence is “history curriculum,” we know that it is about “ teachers of history .” 

Why? Because the word “curriculum” implies education. And educators are teachers. You can look for such clues in the original passage to come up with your own words and phrases that are synonymous with those used in the original. 

Next, we used technique 4 in the second sentence of the original passage. This sentence is long and can be easily broken down into two shorter ones. That’s exactly what we did here.

And we used technique 2 again – using synonyms. “Shortcoming” became “ cause of the problem .” “Innate” became “ inherent .”

Finally, we used technique 4 and turned “the nature history is told” to “ telling the history .” In effect, we switched from passive to active voice, which is an improvement. 

Paraphrasing Example 4

“Despite widespread disputes, no one has written an adequate history of legal statehood. The American public has ignored basic questions about how and when statehood developed, perhaps assuming that states arrived along with sailors’ luggage or developed through some kind of natural evolution.” (Green, 2020, p. 6). 

“Although historians have widely debated state formation, they still have not written a satisfactory history of the subject. Americans have overlooked the fundamentals of the process of state development. Maybe they tend to think that states came to the new world packed in sailors’ luggage or somehow evolved naturally.”

In sentence 1, we primarily used technique 2 – synonyms. Note that the phrase “no one” really refers to historians. Why? Because the sentence and the passage are really about the history of state formation. 

So, who else could be writing the history of the formation of American states if not historians? This is our opportunity to use a new word that is totally correct.

We also changed “despite” to “ although ” and “adequate” to “ satisfactory .”

And, like in the previous example, sentence 2 in the original is really long and presents us with an opportunity to chunk it down, which is technique 4. We broke this sentence into two.

Note that a good place to break a sentence is at the appearance of the second verb. The first verb in the original sentence 2 is “ignored.” The public ignored questions. 

The second verb that refers to the subject is “assuming.” Meaning, the public “ignored” AND “assumed.” So, we made one sentence in the paraphrased version about ignoring and the other about assuming. 

Another pointer at a good spot to break up a sentence is a conjunction or a transition. I call these power words because they allow the writer to extend sentences. 

In the example above, the original sentence 2 really should have the word “and” connecting its two parts with the two verbs – “ignore” and “assume.” 

The writer simply chose to use a different verb form instead of using the word “and.” So, instead of writing “The public ignored X and assumed Y,” he wrote “The public ignored X, assuming Y.” 

In short, chunk the sentence down at conjunctions and additional verbs. 

Paraphrasing Example 5

“Compared to its European counterparts, Japan’s imperial family is at once more unassuming and more withdrawn from the people it represents. Nowhere are the affairs and scandals that feed the media machine around the Windsors. The top gossip in recent years has been a potential marriage between a royal granddaughter and a law school student with a (gasp) indebted mother.” (Surak, 2019, p. 31). 

“Unlike European royalty, the imperial family of Japan is rather quiet and withdrawn from the public eye. It is not prone to scandals and controversies, in contrast to the Windsors. The biggest talk of the town lately has been a possible marriage of the princess to a student of law whose mother has a debt.”

In this example, we primarily used synonyms:

• “Compared to” became “ unlike ”
• “Unassuming” became “ quiet ”
• “Nowhere” became “ not prone ”
• “Top gossip” became “ talk of the town ”

Other than that, you can detect slight changes in wording and phrasing but no major changes in sentence or paragraph structure. This approach works just fine.

Paraphrasing Example 6

“A recent survey found that more than 80 percent of Polish high-school seniors aspire to go abroad immediately following graduation, whether for short-term work in a service industry, on a temporary European educational exchange like Erasmus, or on merit scholarships to universities in France, the United Kingdom or the United States. As for the teens, twentysomethings and thirtysomethings who remain in Poland, so the argument goes, ideas like “democratic revolution” and “national freedom” mean nothing.” (Kosicki, 2015, p. 27). 

“According to a recent poll, over 80 percent of seniors in Polish high schools dream of going abroad as soon as they graduate. They may get short-term jobs in the service industry, seek placement in student exchange programs, or apply for university scholarships in Western Europe or the U.S. And when it comes to young people from teens to people in their thirties, they seem to hardly value high national political ideals.”

You may have noticed that we used technique 2 – synonyms – throughout the paraphrase. This is the most widely used technique that works every time. 

We also chunked down the first sentence because it is a really long one. We made the split at the word “whether,” which is a transition. 

Here are some of the synonyms we used:

• “Survey” became “ poll ”
• “Aspire” became “ dream ”
• “Work” became “ jobs ”
• “Merit” became “ apply for ”
• “So the argument goes” became “ seem ”

Note that it’s okay to sometimes use summarizing techniques while paraphrasing. If a phrase does not lend itself well to synonyms, it’s okay to slightly summarize occasionally. 

Thus, “democratic revolution” and “national freedom” became “ high national political ideals .”

Summarizing is not a paraphrasing technique per se, so use it with caution when paraphrasing because an important detail may become swallowed up in the process. 

Paraphrasing Example 7

“During the last months of her campaign leading up to the election, Dilma Rousseff, then candidate and now the first female elected president in Brazil, affirmed her position on favoring the legalization of abortion as a public policy initiative. Even though she was heavily favored to win the election, according to many political observers, making this declaration severely cost Rousseff support from pivotal voting blocs and was one of the principal factors that led to a runoff election.” (Ogland & Verona, 2011, p. 812). 

“Dilma Rousseff, former candidate and currently the first woman president elect in Brazil, asserted her stance on legalizing abortion as a part of her public policy during the concluding months of her election campaign. According to many pundits, although she was strongly positioned to win the race, affirming her position deprived her of crucial voting blocs and eventually resulted in a runoff election.”

In this paraphrase, we used techniques 1 and 2. We started both sentences at a point which occurs in the middle of the original sentence. This way, each sentence sounds different.

We used a lot of synonyms:

• “Last months” became “ concluding months ”
• “Female” became “ woman ”
• “Affirmed her position” became “ asserted her stance ”
• “Political observers” became “ pundits ”

If you look up these words and phrases, you’ll find that they are almost exact or perfectly exact equivalents of the original ones. Using synonyms is very powerful in paraphrasing. 

Paraphrasing Example 8

“During the Cold War, the relatively stable relationship between South Korea and Japan, which was backed by active United States military and diplomatic engagement, was a linchpin of peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Tied to the United States through bilateral military alliance pacts, the two countries not only coordinated their policies toward the communist bloc, but also served as a bulwark against the expansion of the communist Soviets and China.” (You & Kim, 2020, p. 53). 

“The relatively steady relations between South Korea and Japan backed by the United States by means of the military and diplomacy during the Cold War became a backbone of peace and security in Northeast Asia. Bound to the United States by two-sided military alliance agreements, the two nations managed their strategy of dealing with the communist countries and acted as a wall of protection from the Soviets and China.”

We mainly used technique 2 – the synonyms – in this example:

• “stable “ became “ steady ”
• “relationship” became “ relations ”
• “linchpin” became “ backbone ”
• “tied“ became “ bound ”
• “bilateral” became “ two-sided ”
• “bulwark” became “ wall of protection ”

You can achieve a great paraphrased passage just by using synonyms. This becomes especially useful when paraphrasing difficult passages. 

Sometimes the original is so tightly written that it’s hard to paraphrase it without making it wordy. Using synonyms with the help of a thesaurus can help you get the task done. 

Paraphrasing Example 9

“Bigger paychecks are just more good news for U.S. families. The average household debt-to-income ratio is the lowest since 2002. And falling food and gas prices are leaving more money in our pockets, cash that can boost consumer spending overall, which in turn accounts for 68% of the U.S. economy—setting up a virtuous circle of growth.” (Smith, 2015, p. 13). 

“Americans definitely welcome higher pay, and since 2002 the debt-to-income ratio for an average family has not been lower. An upward cycle of growth occurs as groceries and petroleum become cheaper and people have more money to spend. Consumer spending, which constitutes 68% of the U.S. economy, has experienced a boost.”

For the first time, we actually chunked up the first two sentences, which means that we put them together into one. 

And we chunked down the next, longer sentence of the original into two sentences. 

We also used technique 3 to rearrange the order in which parts of the sentence appear. You’ll notice that we used a lot fewer synonyms in this passage. Instead, we focused on chunking up and down and rearranging. 

Paraphrasing Example 10

“A new survey of Louisiana schools reveals a critical issue facing most states nationwide: schools are lacking the technology needed to conduct online testing required by the Common Core State Standards. Although the looming requirement that all testing be conducted online has been discussed, the degree to which states are unprepared has not been known. And only five school systems meet the requirements.” (Abrams, 2012, p. 73). 

“According to a new study, schools in Louisiana lack the technology necessary to administer online tests mandated by the Common Core State Standards. This is a problem common to most states. Despite the discussions of the online testing requirement, just how well states are prepared is unclear, with only five school systems fulfilling the requirement.”

We again used chunking up and chunking down in this example. We broke the original sentence 1 into two sentences. 

And then we chunked up by combining the next two sentences in the original into one. This is one way in which we made our paraphrase dissimilar, which is what we want.

We also used synonyms, which are, as you know, the main and most common technique used in paraphrasing:

• “A new survey reveals” became “ According to a new study ”
• “required” became “ mandated ”
• “Although” became “ despite ”
• “And” became “ with ”

Note that the last two items are transitions. Transitions can be used as splice points to either chunk up or chunk down, as we did in this example. 

And that’s all! Hope this was helpful. 

Now go ahead and write your own brilliant paraphrase!

Tutor Phil.

Abrams, S. (2012). The emergence of district social media managers. District Administration, 48 (7), 73-73.

Green, C. (2020). United/States: A revolutionary history of American statehood. Michigan Law Review, 119 (1), 1-69.

Kosicki, P. H. (2015). Apathy or anniversary? Nation, 300 (1), 27-37.

Ogland, C. P. & Verona, A. P. (2011). Religion and attitudes toward abortion and abortion policy in Brazil. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50 (4), 812-821.

Popham, W. J. (2014). The right test for the wrong reason. Phi Delta Kappan, 96 (1), 46-52.

Rochester, A. & Heafner, T. L. (2020). An African American and Latinx history of the United States. Curriculum & Teaching Dialogue, 22 (1/2), 319-322.

Smith, A. K. (2015). U.S. Economy: Leader of the pack. Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, 69 (1), 13-14.

Surak, K. (2019). Imperial hallucinations. New Statesman, 148 (5471), 30-33.

Thalheimer, J. (2015). Ketosis fad diet alert. Environmental Nutrition, 38 (9), 3. 

You, C. & Kim, W. (2020). Loss aversion and risk-seeking in Korea-Japan relations. Journal of East Asian Studies, 20 (1), 53-74.

Tutor Phil is an e-learning professional who helps adult learners finish their degrees by teaching them academic writing skills.

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