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How Cruise Control Systems Work

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Cruise control is an invaluable feature on Ameri­can ­cars. Without cruise control, long road trips would be more tiring, for the driver at least, and those of us suffering from lead-foot syndrome would probably get a lot more speeding tickets.

­Cruise control is far more common on American cars than European cars, because the roads in America are generally bigger and straighter, and destinations are farther apart. With traffic continually increasing, basic cruise control is becoming less useful, but instead of becoming obsolete, cruise control systems are adapting to this new reality -- soon, cars will be equipped with adaptive cruise control, which will allow your ­car to follow the car in front of it while continually adjusting speed to maintain a safe distance.

In this article, we'll learn how a conventional cruise control system works, and then we'll take a look at adaptive cruise control systems that are under development.

What Cruise Control Does

Cruise control acceleration and deceleration, controlling the cruise control, adaptive cruise control.

The cruise control system actually has a lot of functions other than controlling the speed of your car. For instance, the cruise control pictured below can accelerate or decelerate the car by 1 mph with the tap of a button. Hit the button five times to go 5 mph faster. There are also several important safety features -- the cruise control will disengage as soon as you hit the brake pedal, and it won't engage at speeds less than 25 mph (40 kph).

The system pictured below has five buttons: On, Off, Set/Accel, Resume and Coast. It also has a sixth control -- the brake pedal, and if your car has a manual transmission the clutch pedal is also hooked up to the cruise control.

• The on and off buttons don't actually do much. Hitting the on button does not do anything except tell the car that you might be hitting another button soon. The off button turns the cruise control off even if it is engaged. Some cruise controls don't have these buttons; instead, they turn off when the driver hits the brakes, and turn on when the driver hits the set button.
• The set/accel button tells the car to maintain the speed you are currently driving. If you hit the set button at 45 mph, the car will maintain your speed at 45 mph. Holding down the set/accel button will make the car accelerate; and on this car, tapping it once will make the car go 1 mph faster.
• If you recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting the brake pedal, hitting the resume button will command the car to accelerate back to the most recent speed setting.
• Holding down the coast button will cause the car to decelerate, just as if you took your foot completely off the gas. On this car, tapping the coast button once will cause the car to slow down by 1 mph.
• The brake pedal and clutch pedal each have a switch that disengages the cruise control as soon as the pedal is pressed, so you can shut off the cruise control with a light tap on the brake or clutch.

The cruise control system controls the speed of your car the same way you do -- by adjusting the throttle position . But cruise control actuates the throttle valve by a cable connected to an actuator , instead of by pressing a pedal. The throttle valve controls the power and speed of the engine by limiting how much air the engine takes in (see How Fuel Injection Systems Work for more details).

In the picture above, you can see two cables connected to a pivot that moves the throttle valve. One cable comes from the accelerator pedal, and one from the actuator. When the cruise control is engaged, the actuator moves the cable connected to the pivot, which adjusts the throttle; but it also pulls on the cable that is connected to the gas pedal -- this is why your pedal moves up and down when the cruise control is engaged.

Many cars use actuators powered by engine vacuum to open and close the throttle. These systems use a small, electronically-controlled valve to regulate the vacuum in a diaphragm. This works in a similar way to the brake booster , which provides power to your brake system.

The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer that is normally found under the hood or behind the dashboard. It connects to the throttle control seen in the previous section, as well as several sensors. The diagram below shows the inputs and outputs of a typical cruise control system.

A good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation no matter how much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of control system theory . The cruise control system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the throttle position, so it needs sensors to tell it the speed and throttle position. It also needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage.

The most important input is the speed signal; the cruise control system does a lot with this signal. First, let's start with one of the most basic control systems you could have -- a proportional control .

In a proportional control system, the cruise control adjusts the throttle proportional to the error, the error being the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed. So, if the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is going 50 mph, the throttle position will be open quite far. When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position opening will be only half of what it was before. The result is that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill, the car might not accelerate at all.

Most cruise control systems use a control scheme called proportional-integral-derivative control (a.k.a. PID control). Don't worry, you don't need to know any calculus to make it through this explanation -- just remember that:

• The integral of speed is distance.
• The derivative of speed is acceleration.

A PID control system uses these three factors -- proportional, integral and derivative, calculating each individually and adding them to get the throttle position.

We've already discussed the proportional factor. The integral factor is based on the time integral of the vehicle speed error . Translation: the difference between the distance your car actually traveled and the distance it would have traveled if it were going at the desired speed, calculated over a set period of time. This factor helps the car deal with hills, and also helps it settle into the correct speed and stay there. Let's say your car starts to go up a hill and slows down. The proportional control increases the throttle a little, but you may still slow down. After a little while, the integral control will start to increase the throttle, opening it more and more, because the longer the car maintains a speed slower than the desired speed, the larger the distance error gets.

Now let's add in the final factor, the derivative . Remember that the derivative of speed is acceleration. This factor helps the cruise control respond quickly to changes, such as hills. If the car starts to slow down, the cruise control can see this acceleration (slowing down and speeding up are both acceleration) before the speed can actually change much, and respond by increasing the throttle position.

Two companies are developing a more advanced cruise control that can automatically adjust a car's speed to maintain a safe following distance. This new technology, called adaptive cruise control , uses forward-looking radar , installed behind the grill of a vehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it.

Adaptive cruise control is similar to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicle's pre-set speed. However, unlike conventional cruise control, this new system can automatically adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor , digital signal processor and longitudinal controller . If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed.

The 77-GHz Autocruise radar system made by TRW has a forward-looking range of up to 492 feet (150 meters), and operates at vehicle speeds ranging from 18.6 miles per hour (30 kph) to 111 mph (180 kph). Delphi's 76-GHz system can also detect objects as far away as 492 feet, and operates at speeds as low as 20 mph (32 kph).

Adaptive cruise control is just a preview of the technology being developed by both companies. These systems are being enhanced to include collision warning capabilities that will warn drivers through visual and/or audio signals that a collision is imminent and that braking or evasive steering is needed.

For more information on cruise control, check out the links below.

Cruise Control FAQ

How does cruise control work, how does adaptive cruise control work, will adaptive cruise control stop the vehicle, when would you use cruise control, how useful is cruise control, lots more information, related articles.

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Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article:

Honda CR-V: Using the Cruise Control

1. Push the CRUISE button on the steering wheel. The CRUISE MAIN indicator on the instrument panel comes on.

The cruise control systemcan be left on, even when it is not in use.

2. Accelerate to the desired cruising speed above 25 mph (40 km/h).

3. Press and release the SET/ DECEL button on the steering wheel. The CRUISE CONTROL indicator on the instrument panel comes on to show the system is now activated.

Cruise control may not hold the set speed when you are going up and down hills. If your vehicle speed increases going down a hill, use the brakes to slow down. This will cancel the cruise control. To resume the set speed, press the RES/ACCEL button.

The CRUISE CONTROL indicator on the instrument panel will come back on.

  Changing the Set Speed

  canceling cruise control,   resuming the set speed,   ckp pulse plate replacement,   psp switch signal circuit troubleshooting.

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"ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel

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What does the "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button do? It's located in the middle of the steering wheel. I turned my "cruise" button/switch that is NEAR THE RADIO to on which shows "ASC" (I think it says ASC) in green letters on the dashboard. I was on the highway and I pushed the "ACC/RES" switch up, and my RPMs went to 4000RPM real quick with my car in neutral. This was on a 100-degree day with my A/C On. I saw the word "CRUISE" light up for a second near my odometer and RPM gauge ( i think it said cruise). Then I noticed that I was going 60 MPH for a long time without pressing on the gas with my car in neutral. So I did the exact same thing, but this time I pushed the "COAST/SET" button down and the word "CRUISE" flashed on for a second and my RPMS went to 4000 real quick and i experienced the same results as I just wrote above this paragraph. HERES ONE PROBLEM, Tonight I was on the highway with my A/C on and it was a little cooler outside. My "cruise" button/switch was already on, and then I pushed the "COAST/SET" button up and my CAR REDLINED to 7000RPM real quick in neutral like you would start out in a drag race. I quickly pushed down the "COAST/SET" button to "CANCEL" and it stopped. Now I'm scared to touch that button anymore. I always thought that the cruise control button was the button near the radio that says "ON" "CRUISE" "OFF". Every time I push it on the words "ASC" ( or something close" come on in green letters. (94 base 3000gt rebuilt engine,tranny,etc.)  

So your trying to set your cruise with the car in neutral? When you push the button/switch near the radio your turning the cruise or assisted speed control(may not be the right words but it works) system on, then the steering controls "set", "resume", "accel." "coast" and "cancel" control the cruise system, if your messing with it in neutral I wouldn't think it would try to work but then again, I've never tried to make mine do it. I was just happy after three trips of 600 miles without it I finally fixed it  

Re: "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel Yes, this is the first time i ever touched that button  

Re: "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel Do the words "CRUISE" come on and stay on untill you press "CANCEL" Im guessing but does the "ACC/RES" switch stand for Automatic Cruise Control and Reset" So whats the difference between "ACC/RES" and "COAST/SET"  

max3 said: Im guessing but does the "ACC/RES" switch stand for Automatic Cruise Control and Reset" So whats the difference between "ACC/RES" and "COAST/SET" Click to expand...

Re: "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel Uh...why are you putting your car in neutal while on the highway?...doesn't make sense and the cruise control will never work while in neutral.  

Paco said: Uh...why are you putting your car in neutal while on the highway?...doesn't make sense and the cruise control will never work while in neutral. Click to expand...

Re: "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel You're wasting more gas than you would think. It's easy to maintain 55-60mph @ 2k rpms than it is to do pulls all over the place. When you press the cruise button on the center console it activates the system, hence the "ASC" lights on the dash. You obviously have to be in drive, in gear, for cruise to work. Once you "set" the mph you want to achieve via the steering wheel buttons, the cruise computer will attempt to keep you at that specific mph. I have all needed cruise parts for sale as well, if you find any of yours to be defect.  

Re: "ACC/RES, CANCEL, COAST/SET" button in the middle of the steering wheel I would think that would use more gas than if you just stayed at 65 with your cruise on.  

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How do your remove the switch for the cruise 2002 LeSabre

How do you get the switch for the cruise control(set and resume)out of the steering wheel? 2002 LeSabre

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• Select the "On" button on the left side of the steering wheel
• On the right side of the steering wheel, there is a "+" along with "Set", press that button after you have accelerated to the speed you desire to maintain.
• Use the "+ and -" to speed up or slow down your vehicle.
• To temporarly disable the cruise control, simply press the brake pedal.
• To resume the previously desired speed, press the top button "Resume"

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tengo una explorer 97 por fa diganme para que son esos botones

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Primero que nada estos forman parte del cruise control, que sirve para, queEl vehiculo se vaya a determinada velocidad sin tener que ir pisando el acelerador.

El boton RSM sirve para que si lo llevas encendido y desasceleras( recuerda que para poder fijar un velocidad debes ir a mas de 40k/h) supongamos que a unos 100 y desaceleras y como frenaste la velocidad se desfijo en tonces le picas y (siempre y cuando vallas a mas de 40k/h) vuelvas a esa velocidad.

El Accel sirva para fijar la velocidad deseada

El coast no recuerdo para que sirve

Pero espero que te haya servido.

Las funciones ON, OFF, RESUME, SET/ACCEL and COAST forman parte del (Cruise control ) y estas sirven para fijar la velocidad de viaje automaticamente, funciona despues de los 40 km/h por lo que generalmete se usa en carretera abiert o en un lugar a donde puedas mantener una velocidad requerida. Esto lo controla el conductor con el usos de las funciones y el criterio personal.

Enciende el sistema le dice al sistema que el cruise control sera activado, por lo general se enciende una luz color verde en el tablero del carro.

Apaga el sistema completamente.

Cuando el sistema de Cruise control es activado y configurado es decir se fija una velocidad de viaje el carro la va a mantener hasta que una de estas dos condiones suceda.

A) El freno sea aplicado

B) El Clutch sea aplicado

Cuando almenos una de estas condiones sucede el carro deja de mantener la acceleracion que tenia determinada y pude volver a la velociadad presionando esta funcion.

4.- SET/ACCEL

La funcion SET se utiliza para fijar la velocidad de viaje y funciona asi, una vez que estas en la carretera o auto pista presionas el la funcion ON, despues mantienes una velocidad digamos 80km/h mantenienso esa velocidad utilizas la funcion SET. y listo podras quitar tu pie del acelerador, el vehiculo mantendra esa velocida ni mas ni menos.

Si quieres aumentar la velocidad presiona dos veces el boton ACCEL y aumentra las la velocidas 10 km/h o si lo prefieres lo mantienes presionado y el vehiculo aumentar la velocidad semejante a que si presionaras el pedal del accelerado una vez alcanzada la velocidad lo dejas de presionar y se mantendra la nueva velocidad.

Esta funcion sirve para desacelerar la marcha( No es un Freno) es lo quivalente a quitar el pie del accelerador.

cuando manejas normal sin la ayuda del Cruis control has la prueba quita el pie del acelerado veras como el vehiculo disminuye su velocidad.

Cuando el cruise control esta activado y configurado a la velocidad requerida y de pronto quieres dismunir momentariamente la velocidad utilizas esta funcion a diferencia del freno cuando sueltes el botton el sistema te llevara de nuevo a la velocidad que tenias previamente, si pisastes el freno el sistema se desactivara para lo cual tendras que volver configurar y fijar con el set.

Hay diferencia entre desctivar y apagar el sistema de cruse cntrol, si lo apagas no podras usarlo hasta que lo vuelvas a encender.

Ahora si a disfrutar del cruise control.....

como resetear la computadora viajera de una explorer eddie bauer 95?

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