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Industry Payments to US Physicians by Specialty and Product Type

• 1 Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
• 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
• 3 Baptist Health, Louisville, Kentucky
• 4 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
• 5 Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
• Research Letter Trends in Industry Payments to Physicians in the United States From 2014 to 2018 Deborah C. Marshall, MD, MAS; Elizabeth S. Tarras, MD; Kenneth Rosenzweig, MD; Deborah Korenstein, MD; Susan Chimonas, PhD JAMA
• Research Letter Comparison of Industry Payments to Physicians and Advanced Practice Clinicians Audrey D. Zhang, MD; Timothy S. Anderson, MD, MAS JAMA
• Brief Report Trends in Industry Payments to US Oncologists Since the Open Payments Program, 2014 to 2019 Elizabeth S. Tarras, MD; Deborah C. Marshall, MD; Kenneth Rosenzweig, MD; Deborah Korenstein, MD; Susan Chimonas, PhD JAMA Oncology

Despite evidence that financial conflicts of interest may influence physician prescribing and may damage patients’ trust in medical professionals, 1 - 3 such relationships remain pervasive. 4 The Physician Payments Sunshine Act led to the creation of the Open Payments database in August 2013, a repository of industry payments to health care professionals. 5 We examined the distribution of payments within and across specialties and the medical products associated with the largest total payments.

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Sayed A , Ross JS , Mandrola J , Lehmann LS , Foy AJ. Industry Payments to US Physicians by Specialty and Product Type. JAMA. Published online March 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.1989

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Health status of transgender people globally: A systematic review of research on disease burden and correlates

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• Other Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
• Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Social Medicine
• Other Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
• Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior
• Other Affiliation: Whitman-Walker Institute, Washington, DC, United States
• Other Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
• Other Affiliation: Social Health and Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa (S.H.E.), East London, South Africa
• Other Affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
• Other Affiliation: School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
• Other Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
• Other Affiliation: Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
• Background and objectives Transgender and gender diverse (trans) health research has grown rapidly, highlighting the need to characterize the scientific evidence base. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed research on disease burden and correlates in trans adolescents and adults over a 20-month period to identify knowledge gaps and assess methodological characteristics including measurement of gender identity, community engagement, and study quality. Data sources, eligibility criteria, and synthesis methods We searched seven databases using terms related to (a) transgender populations and (b) health or disease. Eligible studies were in English, French, or Spanish and reported original quantitative data on mental health or substance use conditions, infectious diseases, or noncommunicable conditions in at least 25 trans individuals aged 15+. Quality assessment was performed in duplicate on a 10% sample of articles and findings were summarized using narrative synthesis. Results The 328 included studies were conducted in 45 countries, with most from North America (54%) and limited research from South Asia (3%), Sub-Saharan Africa (3%), and the Middle East and North Africa (2%). Most studies used cross-sectional designs (73%) and convenience sampling (65%). Only 30% of studies reported any form of community engagement. Mental health and substance use disorders were the most studied area (77% of studies) and non-communicable conditions the least (16%). Available data indicated that trans populations experience high disease burden with considerable heterogeneity within and across settings. Of 39 articles assessed for quality, 80% were rated as fair, 18% as poor, and 3% as good quality. Conclusions and implications Geographic, gender-specific, and topical gaps remain in trans health, but we found more research from African countries, with transmasculine people, and on non-communicable conditions than previous syntheses. Areas for growth in trans health research include community engagement, non-binary health, chronic and age-related conditions, and health determinants.
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• Africa south of the Sahara
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• gender identity
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• Africa South of the Sahara
• cost of illness
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• https://doi.org/10.17615/3jgr-9x85
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Atlantic Shark Institute announces 'significant milestone:' Tagging 30th great white shark

The atlantic shark institute in wakefield has tagged 30 great white sharks in three years..

The Atlantic Shark Institute of Wakefield says it has "achieved a significant milestone" in tagging its 30th great white shark as it researches shark movement and behavior off Rhode Island and beyond.

“When we started this project, we hoped we would be able to capture and tag 10 white sharksto shed more light on white shark activity here in (Rhode Island) and surrounding waters,” JonDodd, executive director of the Atlantic Shark Institute, said in a news release announcing the 30th tagging.

“To reach 30 white sharks tagged, this quickly, simply increases the likelihood of answering questions about how white sharks use" Rhode Island waters, said Dodd, whose institute tagged its first great white shark in 2021.

The Atlantic Shark Institute and more than 30 collaborators track white sharks using a combination of conventional tags, acoustic and satellite tags and acoustic receivers, according to Dodd.

The tags and monitoring systems enable researchers to determine, among other things, where the sharks are, how long they spend in an area and which other species they come into contact with, Dodd said.

Sharks typically head to warmer waters for the winter. The 30th shark was tagged by an Atlantic Shark Institute research partner off the Carolinas about 10 days ago, Dodd said.

More: Will great white sharks take up residence off RI? Rehabbed seal 'Scarlet' will help find out

"The white sharks like the water temperature and the food sources off the Carolinas this time of year, so it’s an area we focus on in the winter months," Dodd said.

What they hope to learn from tagging sharks

Shark research is important, Dodd said, and there is "still a lot" to learn about white sharks, especially younger sharks. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature , Dodd said, the white shark is considered vulnerable to extinction worldwide and their population is declining.

“Shark lovers around the world all hope to avoid the species’ elevation to the IUCN’s next designation: endangered,” he said.

Josh Moyer, resident research scientist for the Atlantic Shark Institute, said, "People are often surprised to learn that a female white shark may not reach maturity until she’s in her 30s. That’s three decades that she’s not reproducing and replenishing the stock, and when she does, she only has between two and twelve pups per litter."

"That means that the species is slow to rebound in the face of fishing pressure," Moyer said. "It also means that determining where juvenile white sharks spend their time, find food and avoid predators is key to responsibly managing the species and ensuring its longevity."

It's illegal to fish for great white sharks in U.S. waters, but they are sometimes caught accidentally, and they are sometimes targeted by poachers.

With the water warming, sharks will soon return to Rhode Island waters, and Dodd says his team will be ready.

"We are wrapping up data-analysis season, and field season is almost here," Dodd said. "In one way, it’s likethe holidays for shark researchers. We love to be on the water. In another way, it can be themost grueling period of long, salty days waiting to encounter a shark."