biography of scientist cv raman

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C.V. Raman Biography: Early Life,Family, Education, Career, Awards and Achievements

Cv rama biography: november 7 marks the birth anniversary of the great scientist cv raman. he was a physicist, nobel laureate, and bharat ratna recipient who was instrumental in india’s growth in the fields of science and physics. let us read more about c.v. raman, his childhood days, education, family, discoveries, awards, and achievements.      .

National Science Day 2023: Every year, November 7 commemorates the birth of Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He discovered the Raman Effect on February 28, 1928, and for this discovery, he was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

This article includes instances from his birth, early life, career, various achievements, and more.

C.V Raman: Biography

C.V. Raman, or Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was born on November 7, 1888, at Tiruchirappalli in southern India. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics. At a young age, he was exposed to an academic environment. His contribution to science and innovative research helped India and the world. 

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Early Life and Family

Dr. C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in a South Indian Brahmin family in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. His father's name was Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer. He was a lecturer in mathematics and physics at a college in Vishakhapatnam. His mother's name was Parvathi Ammal.

C. V. Raman has been an intelligent student since his early childhood. At the age of 11, he passed his matriculation and 12th grade on a scholarship. In 1902, he joined the Presidency College and received his graduate degree in 1904. At that time, he was the only student who received the first division. He has a Master's in Physics from the same college and broke all the previous records.  In 1907, he married Lokasundari Ammal and had two sons, namely Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Career

Because of his father's interest, he appeared for the Financial Civil Services (FCS) examination and topped it. In 1907, he went to Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joined as an assistant accountant general. But in his spare time, he went to the laboratory to do research at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences. Let us tell you that, his job was very hectic, and he also continued his research work at night due to his core interest in science.

Though the facilities available in the laboratory were very limited, he continued his research and published his findings in leading international journals, including 'Nature', 'The Philosophical Magazine', 'Physics Review', etc. At that time, his research was focused on the areas of vibrations and acoustics.

He got an opportunity to join the University of Calcutta in 1917 as the first Palit Professor of Physics. After 15 years at Calcutta, he became a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore from 1933 to 1948 and since 1948, he has been the Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore which was established and endowed by him only.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Works and Discovery

He established the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926 where he was the editor. He also sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as the President since its inception. He was the President of the Current Science Association in Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).

In 1928, he wrote an article on the theory of musical instruments for the 8th Volume of the Handbuch der Physik. He published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922 which led to his ultimate discovery of the radiation effect on February 28, 1928, and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize.

Other research carried out by Dr. C.V. Raman was on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.

In 1948, he also studied the fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. His laboratory has been dealing with the structure and properties of diamonds, and the structure and optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances like pearls, agate, opal, etc.

He was also interested in the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.

No doubt, he was honoured with a large number of doctorates and memberships in scientific societies. In 1924, he was also elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

As briefly described he is best known for discovering the 'Raman Effect' or the theory related to the scattering of light. He showed that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes its wavelength.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Awards and Honours

- In 1924, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

- He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

- He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1941.

- He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954, the highest civilian award in India.

- In 1957, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.

- The American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1998 recognised Raman's discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark.

- On 28 February every year, India celebrates National Science Day to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928 in his honour.

In 1970, he received a major heart attack while working in the laboratory. He took his last breath at the Raman Research Institute on 21st November 1970.

Dr. C.V. Raman was one of the great legends from India whose hard work and determination made India proud and became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics. He proved that, if a person wants to pursue his/her desires nobody can stop. His interest in science and dedication towards research work made him discover the Raman Effect. He will always be remembered as a great Scientist, Physicist, and Nobel laureate.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• Why is National Science Day celebrated? + NationalScience Day is observed on 28 February to commemorate the discovery of the 'Raman Effect'. In 1986, the Government of India designated 28 February as National Science Day (NSD). On this Day, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, also known as CV Raman announced the discovery of the 'Raman Effect' for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1930.
• When is National Science Day observed? + Every year on 28 February, National Science Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the Nobel Laureate Dr. C.V. Raman.
• When did C.V. Raman die? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) died on 21 November 1970.
• When and Why was C.V. Raman awarded with Nobel Prize? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) won Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him that is the Raman Effect.
• What is the full name of C.V. Raman? + C.V. Raman full name is Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was born at Tiruchirappalli in Southern India on 7 November 1888.
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C. V. Raman

By Anna Demming

Chronicle / Alamy

Talented and ambitious from the first, for Indian physicist C. V. Raman, winning the Nobel prize for physics was not so much a distant aspiration as a career plan. He was the first person of colour and the first Asian to receive the award, following the discovery of a light scattering effect that has since become a key characterisation tool in materials science.

Physics and academia ran in Raman’s family, where he was one of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at the local high school, later moving his family to Andhra Pradesh, where he took on a position in the faculty of physics at Mrs A.V. Narasimha Rao College. Raman’s nephew Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar also showed a flair for physics, culminating in the Nobel prize in physics in 1983.

Raman’s own proficiency in physics was recognised early on. He graduated with a BA from the Presidency College at the University of Madras in 1904 aged 16, winning gold medals in both physics and English. He published his first scientific paper as a graduate student aged 18 on “Unsymmetrical diffraction-bands due to a rectangular aperture” in the British journal Philosophical Magazine in 1906.

However, health concerns caused him to forgo the chance to pursue his research in England, and he took a post as an accountant in the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta instead.

In Calcutta, he befriended Asutosh Dey and Amrita Lal Sircar, founder and secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and Ashutosh Mukherjee, executive member of the institute and vice chancellor of the University of Calcutta. These connections provided access to the necessary resources to continue his research in his spare time.

Despite not having formally been awarded a PhD, he began acquiring research students from the University of Calcutta in 1915, and soon after from several other institutions. He finally took a full professorship at the University of Calcutta in 1917.

Although deferred, Raman did make a trip to England, where he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted by the British in 1930. He later joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore as its first Indian director in 1933, and founded the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1934, also publishing the academy’s proceedings.

He was appointed the first National Professor by the new government following India’s independence in 1947 and founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later, working there until the day he died in 1970.

Discovery of the Raman effect

Some of his early work centred around music and acoustics, which, in many ways, laid the path for him to later uncover some of the mechanisms behind light-based phenomena. The first of his more famous breakthroughs came during a trip to England when he was admiring the deep blue of the Mediterranean.

Through subsequent experiments, he was able to counter the prevailing explanation at the time: that the sea’s colour was merely a reflection of the sky, an explanation offered by Lord Rayleigh, whose discoveries had explained why the sky is blue. Instead, reporting in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1922 , Raman explained that “molecular diffraction determines the observed luminosity and in great measure also its colour”.

From there followed his discovery of the Raman effect. It was actually his new research associate Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan who observed an additional scattering line in light scattered by certain liquids, which Raman first described as “feeble fluorescence”.

He then devised an early spectrograph to measure and photograph the intensity of light at different wavelengths, and was eventually able to conclude that “when matter is excited by light of one colour, the atoms contained in it emit light of two colours, one of which is different from the exciting colour and is lower down the spectrum”.

This “ Raman scattering ” is now understood to be caused primarily by molecular vibrations where the chemical bonds stretch and bend in a quantised fashion. Rotations of gas molecules and, in the case of incident light at X-ray frequencies, changes in electron energy can also contribute to Raman scattering.

Essentially, as the incident light bounces off the molecule, it either gives it energy to vibrate (Raman Stokes scattering) or takes energy from its vibrations (anti-Stokes) so that the scattered light has a component with a different frequency and direction. Because molecules can only vibrate in very specific ways, this scattering has a very characteristic spectrum, which describes the intensity of the light at different wavelengths.

In fact, materials scientists often liken it to a fingerprint. Raman signals are typically weak, but enhancement techniques using resonant structures and lightning rod type effects have made it easier to exploit for identifying materials.

Becoming a Nobel laureate

Never one to undersell his achievements, Raman was sure the discovery merited a Nobel prize, and was consequently a little miffed when the prize was awarded elsewhere in both 1928 and 1929. However, the following year he was so confident he would win, he booked tickets to attend the ceremony in July, four months before the award was announced. As it turns out his money wasn’t wasted. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel prize in physics “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”.

The award wasn’t without controversy as it was awarded to him alone, despite the contributions by his research associate Krishnan, as well as independent discoveries of the same effect by Russian physicists Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam at Moscow University.

A further controversy unfolded over a long upheld dispute with the German physicist Max Born over the vibration spectrum of diamond, an argument where posterity has found him in the wrong. Nonetheless, he made many significant contributions to physics, and the institutions he founded and helped establish have been integral in putting India on the map in physics . National Science Day is celebrated on 28 February each year in India to mark the discovery of Raman scattering.

Full name : Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Born : 7 November 1888, Tiruchirappalli, southern India

Died : 21 November 1970, Bangalore, aged 82

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist famous for contributions to the physics of light for which he won the Nobel prize in physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

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• C.V. Raman: The Raman Effect

C.V. Raman and the Raman Effect

International historic chemical landmark.

Designated December 15, 1998, at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Jadavpur, Calcutta, India.

Commemorative Booklet (PDF)

"I propose this evening to speak to you on a new kind of radiation or light emission from atoms and molecules." With these prophetic words, Professor C. V. Raman of Calcutta University began his lecture to the South Indian Science Association in Bangalore on March 16, 1928. Raman proceeded to describe a discovery that resulted from a deceptively simple experiment. Conducted far from the great centers of scientific research in the Western world, the results would capture the attention of scientists around the world and bring many accolades, including the Nobel Prize, to their discoverer.

Raman’s Fascination with Light Scattering

Raman measures the effect of light scattering, raman effect as the physicist’s tool.

• Raman Effect as the Chemist’s Tool

The Laser and Raman Spectroscopy

Biography of sir c.v. raman, further reading, landmark designation and acknowledgments, cite this page.

Educated entirely in India, C.V. Raman made his first trip to London in 1921, where his reputation in the study of optics and especially acoustics was already known to the English physicists J. J. Thomson and Lord Rutherford, who gave him a warm reception. Raman's specialty had been the study of the vibrations and sounds of stringed instruments such as the violin, the Indian veena and tambura, and two uniquely Indian percussion instruments, the tabla and the mridangam.

But it was the return trip from London to Bombay aboard the SS Narkunda that would change forever the direction of Raman's future. During the fifteen-day voyage, his restless and probing mind became fascinated with the deep blue color of the Mediterranean. Unable to accept Lord Rayleigh's explanation that the color of the sea was just a reflection of the color of the sky, Raman proceeded to outline his thoughts on the matter while still at sea and sent a letter to the editors of the journal Nature when the ship docked in Bombay.

A short time later Raman was able to show conclusively that the color of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules. Ironically, it was exactly the same argument that Rayleigh had invoked when explaining the color of the sky — the blue was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules in the air.

Raman was now obsessed with the phenomenon of light scattering. His group in Calcutta began an extensive series of measurements of light scattered primarily by liquids but also by some solids. As a result, Raman was able to explain the blue color observed in the ice of Alpine glaciers.

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Analysis of light scattered by a liquid is not an easy task, and much of the early work in Calcutta was done by the visual observation of color rather than precise measurements of the light's wavelength as shown in Figure 1 at right. The fundamentals of Raman's crucial experiment are outlined in Figure 2.

The violet light of the solar spectrum is isolated with a violet filter and passed through the liquid sample. Most of the light emerging from the liquid sample is the same color as the incident violet beam: the so-called Rayleigh scattered light. However, Raman and K. S. Krishnan were able to show that some of the scattered light was a different color, which they could isolate by using a green filter placed between the observer and the sample. The advantage of using a visual observation is that several substances can be studied quickly. In his first report to Nature , titled "A New Type of Secondary Radiation," Raman indicated that approximately 60 different liquids had been studied, and all showed the same result — some scattered light had a different color than the incident light. "It is thus," Raman said, "a phenomenon whose universal nature has to be recognized."

The Raman Effect is a very weak effect; only one in a million of the scattered light particles, or photons, actually exhibits the change in wavelength. This explains, in part, why the effect was not discovered earlier. In all of the early light-scattering studies, the excitation source was sunlight, which Raman has described as being plentiful in Calcutta, but it still lacked the desired intensity. The acquisition in 1927 by the IACS of a seven-inch (18 cm) refracting telescope enabled Raman to condense the sunlight and create a more powerful light source for his studies. By early 1928, mercury arc lamps were commercially available, and he switched to this even more intense light source.

Raman knew that visual and qualitative observations alone would not be sufficient information. He methodically set out to measure the exact wavelengths of the incident and Raman scattering by replacing the observer with a pocket spectroscope. He ultimately replaced it with a quartz spectrograph with which he could photograph the spectrum of the scattered light and measure its wavelength. These quantitative results were first published in the Indian Journal of Physics on March 31, 1928.

The significance of the Raman Effect was recognized quickly by other scientists. Professor R. W. Wood of Johns Hopkins cabled Nature to report that he had verified Raman's "brilliant and surprising discovery ... in every particular. It appears to me that this very beautiful discovery which resulted from Raman's long and patient study of the phenomenon of light scattering is one of the most convincing proofs of the quantum theory."

Raman had also recognized that his discovery was important to the debate in physics over the new quantum theory, because an explanation of the new radiation required the use of photons and their change in energy as they interacted with the atoms in a particular molecule. Raman also knew that there was a more important result, remarking in his 1930 Nobel Prize address that "... the character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance."

In the first seven years after its discovery, the Raman Effect was the subject of more than 700 papers in the scientific literature, mostly by physicists who were using the technique to study the vibration and rotation of molecules and relating those phenomena to the molecular structure. Then, as noted by Raman biographer G. Venkataraman, there was a decline in interest, as "the first bloom of novelty had worn off and physicists were satisfied that they understood the origin of the effect." At the same time, chemists became interested in the Raman Effect as an analytical tool. In James Hibben's words, "The Raman Effect became the adopted child of chemistry."

Raman Effect as a Chemist’s Tool

By the late 1930s the Raman Effect had become the principal method of nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds. The unique spectrum of Raman scattered light for any particular substance served as a "fingerprint" that could be used for qualitative analysis, even in a mixture of materials. Further, the intensity of the spectral lines was related to the amount of the substance. Raman spectroscopy could be applied not only to liquids but also to gases and solids. And unlike many other analytical methods, it could be applied easily to the analysis of aqueous solutions. It was a ubiquitous technique, giving information on what and how much was present in a plethora of samples.

The use of Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool changed sharply after World War II. During the war, infrared spectroscopy was enhanced by the development of sensitive detectors and advances in electronics. Infrared measurements quickly became routine operations, while Raman measurements still required skilled operators and darkroom facilities.

Raman spectroscopy could no longer compete with infrared until another development in physics — the laser — revived Raman spectroscopy in a new form beginning in the 1960s.

Raman understood the need for more intense light sources to amplify the effect and observation of the scattered light. The laser provided an even more intense source of light that not only could serve as a probe exploring the properties of the molecule but could also induce dramatically new effects.

With the development of the Fourier transform (FT) technique and the application of computers for data handling, commercial FT-Raman spectrometers became available in the late 1980s, resulting in resurgence in the use of the original Raman Effect.

The new Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor manufacturing processes in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Illegal drugs captured at a crime scene can be analyzed rapidly without breaking the evidence seal on the plastic bag. Chemists can watch paint dry and understand what reactions are occurring as the paint hardens. Using a fiber-optic probe, they can analyze nuclear waste material from a safe distance. Photochemists and photobiologists are using laser Raman techniques to record the spectra of transient chemical species with lifetimes as small as 10 -11 seconds. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is used for studying surfaces and reactions on surfaces. And, according to Kathy Kincade, Raman spectroscopy "has the ability to provide specific biochemical information that may foreshadow the onset of cancer and other life-threatening illnesses."

In his 1928 talk in Bangalore, Raman concluded, "We are obviously only at the fringe of a fascinating new region of experimental research which promises to throw light on diverse problems relating to radiation and wave theory, X-ray optics, atomic and molecular spectra, fluorescence and scattering, thermodynamics, and chemistry. It all remains to be worked out."

Seventy years later scientists are still actively working out the results and practical applications of Raman's deceptively simple experiment.

According to Hindu tradition, Raman was originally named Venkataraman after a Hindu deity, preceded by the initial of his father's first name, Chandrasekhara. In school his name was split to C. Venkata Raman, which later became C.V. Raman. With a father who was a professor of physics and mathematics and a mother who came from a family of Sanskrit scholars, Raman exhibited a precocious nature at an early age. He received a B.A. degree from Presidency College in Madras at the age of 16, placing first in his class and receiving a gold medal in physics.

While studying for his M.A. degree, he published his first research paper in Philosophical Magazine at the age of 18. It was the first research paper ever published from Presidency College.

Because of poor health, he was unable to go to England for further education. With nothing else available in India, in 1907 he passed the Financial Civil Service exam, married, and was posted to Calcutta as assistant accountant general.

Shortly after arriving in Calcutta, Raman began after-hours research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). In the first 10 years, working almost alone, he published 27 research papers and led the way for the IACS to become recognized as a vibrant research institute. Much of this early work was on the theory of vibrations as it related to musical instruments. After brief postings in Rangoon and Nagpur, he returned to Calcutta, took up residence next door to the IACS, and constructed a door that led directly into the institute, giving him access at any time. He received research prizes in 1912 and 1913 while he was still a full-time civil servant. He also increased the IACS reputation with his extensive lectures in popular science, holding the audience spellbound with his booming voice, lively demonstrations, superb diction and rich humor.

At the age of 29 he resigned from his lucrative civil service job when Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, vice-chancellor, Calcutta University, offered him the Palit Chair Professorship. He continued to lecture even though it was not required, and he used the IACS as the research arm of the university. By the time of his first visit to England in 1921, his reputation in physics was well known. Three years later he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society — only the fourth Indian so honored. That same year he toured the United States, spending four months at the California Institute of Technology through the invitation of Nobel Laureate Robert Millikan.

After discovering the Raman Effect in 1928, he was knighted by the British government in India and received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930. Three years later, Raman left Calcutta for Bangalore, where he served as head of the Indian Institute of Science. There he continued his work on the Raman Effect and became interested in the structure of crystals, especially diamond. In 1934 he founded the Indian Academy of Science and began the publication of its Proceedings .

In 1948 he became director of the newly constructed Raman Research Institute, where he remained continually active, delivering his last lecture just two weeks before his death. His research interests changed in later years when he primarily investigated the perception of color.

Jagdish Mehra, a biographer, states, "Educated entirely in India, Raman did outstanding work at a time when the small Indian community worked almost entirely in isolation and few made science a career. In fostering Indian science, Raman emerged as one of the heroes of the Indian political and cultural renaissance, along with ... Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru." But as Raman himself once said, outstanding investigators "are claimed as nationals by one or another of many different countries. Yet in the truest sense they belong to the whole world."

• Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
• Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (nobelprize.org)

Landmark Designation

The American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science dedicated The Raman Effect an International Historic Chemical Landmark on December 15, 1998 at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Jadavpur, Calcutta, India. The plaque commemorating the event reads:

At this institute, Sir C. V. Raman discovered in 1928 that when a beam of coloured light entered a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by that liquid was of a different color. Raman showed that the nature of this scattered light was dependent on the type of sample present. Other scientists quickly understood the significance of this phenomenon as an analytical and research tool and called it the Raman Effect. This method became even more valuable with the advent of modern computers and lasers. Its current uses range from the non-destructive identification of minerals to the early detection of life-threatening diseases. For his discovery Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930.

Acknowledgments

Adapted for the internet from "The Raman Effect,” produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 1998.

American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. The Raman Effect. http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html (accessed Month Day, Year).

Back to National Historic Chemical Landmarks Main Page .

Learn more: About the Landmarks Program .

Take action: Nominate a Landmark and Contact the NHCL Coordinator .

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• C V Raman Biography

Writing a Biographical Essay of a Historical Figure

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on light scattering and the discovery of a new form of scattering called Raman scattering or the Raman effect. The compositions of solids, liquids, and gases can all benefit from this effect. It can also be used to diagnose diseases and track manufacturing processes. 

Biography is an account of a person’s life by another person. It is a descriptive work written in detail. Biographical pieces can be in various forms, like a video or book and they can be of any length, like a book or an essay. An authorized biography is written with the permission of the subject and an unauthorized one is not. However, biographies of historical figures written for purely academic purposes do not require consent from the subject or people who hold the rights of consent for the subject.

Choosing the Right Level

Biographies can be written by students of all classes. The higher the class, the more details go into the essay. The biography by a fifth-grader will be smaller and less detailed than that written by a ninth-grader. The demand for making it more interesting and decorating it with aptly placed figures of speech grows with grade.

Choosing the Right Source

Biography is not fiction or a made-up story. It is the arrangement of boring dates and facts into a beautiful landscape that would be the subject’s life. For the facts to be accurate and true, trustworthy sources must be consulted, like a known book or reliable websites that contain life information.

Choosing the Right Information

Having selected the right source of information, it can get mind-boggling to choose what information to keep and what not to mention in the essay. It is better to have too much information than too little so that the best out of them can be chosen. A biography should answer some basic questions about the person. The place and date of his birth and death. Information about his immediate family. Important milestones of his life, like schooling, occupation, marriage, kids, appointments, or discoveries. His accomplishments during his lifetime. And then the legacy he leaves behind, like his impact on society or education and the historical significance.

How to Arrange the Information?

Biographies are descriptions of someone’s life, so setting the tone and making it sound interesting relies freely on the writer’s shoulders. The student can make life sound fun and lively, or gripping and intense. This is where the talent of a writer shines through, so use all of the writing tools at hand and make the best of them.

The Person Behind the Facts

The personality of the subject should shine through the essay. Select appropriate adjectives to build upon the character of the person. If interesting anecdotes highlight the kind of person he was, use them to build upon his personality.

Legacy in Conclusion

The achievement of his life and his notable works need to be mentioned, as well as how he affects posterity. In conclusion, the importance of his work and legacy should be highlighted.

It should be remembered that however tempting it feels to include interesting details and fun facts, the word limit should be kept in mind. This is what should rule which facts go and which do not in the essay. The introduction, body, and conclusion need to be clearly arranged. A biographical essay is not a story-telling spree, so the spirit of an essay should be intact.

The best essays are easy to read and the flow from one part to another is seamless. It might sound contradictory to keep a seamless flow while keeping the three parts of an essay demarcated, but it is not impossible and this is the delicate balance that can only be achieved by persistent practice. Language is not much different from Maths or Science in this aspect – practice makes perfect.

Information About C V Raman

Sir C V Raman’s birthday- November 7, 1888

Sir C V Raman’s death day- November 21, 1970

Alma mater- The University of Madras (M.A.)

Known for Raman effect

Spouse- Lokasundari Ammal (1908–1970)

Children- Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

About C V Raman’s Family and Background

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born to a Tamil Brahmin family in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Raman's forefathers were agriculturists who settled in the Tanjore district near Porasakudi Village and Mangudi. Chandrasekhara Iyer, his father, attended a school in Kumbakonam and graduated with honours in 1881. He eventually earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Tiruchirapalli's Society of the Promotion of the Gospel College in 1891. In the same college, Chandrasekara became a lecturer. He married Parvathi Ammal after passing the Matriculation exam and they had eight children: five sons and three daughters. Chandrasekaran, Raman's father, moved to Visakhapatnam when he was four years old to work as a lecturer at Mrs. A.V. Narasimha Rao College. He taught Physics, arithmetic, and physical geography at the university. Chandrasekaran was regarded as physically and mentally powerful due to his involvement in athletics, physical culture, and Indian Carnatic music, among other things. Raman, unlike his father, was not physically powerful, but he was a brilliant thinker. He excelled in school and displayed early signs of exceptional ability, receiving praise from his teachers as well as numerous prizes and scholarships. While still in school, Raman developed an interest in Physics. He once designed a dynamo on his own and was fascinated with how physical principles and machines worked. C. V. Raman graduated from high school at the age of eleven, receiving first place in the Matriculation Examination (top marks). He then enrolled in the AVN College to prepare for the Intermediate Exam. He received more accolades this time, and he received top scores on the university test. In 1903, he received a scholarship to study for a BA degree at the Presidency College in Chennai (then Madras), where he was the youngest student. At the time, the Presidency College was the best in Southern India. When Raman was in college, the majority of his professors were Europeans. Raman's interest in Physics grew even stronger during this period, and he also developed a strong liking for English. Raman earned first place in the university's BA exams in 1904, and gold medals in English and Physics. Raman's teachers encouraged him to continue his education in England, but the Madras Civil Surgeon refused, arguing that the young Raman was too weak to endure the English climate. Raman, on the other hand, completed his MA in Physics at Presidency College and did not travel abroad until he was thirty-three years old.

About C V Raman’s Early Career and Marriage

In January 1907, Raman sat for and passed his Master's examination, earning top marks and a slew of awards and prizes. While he desired to focus on science (particularly research), there were no research opportunities in India (specifically for Indians). Owing to his deteriorating health at the time, he was unable to travel to England. As a result, Raman's thoughts turned to work for the government, which is known to be clean, stable, and even prestigious. Even in this situation, he desired to enter the prestigious Indian Civil Service (ICS), the highest level of government service, but this meant training in England and taking the exam there—an option that was also ruled out due to medical reasons. The Financial Civil Service (FCS), where Raman's brother C.S. Iyer was already a member, which was his next preference. The FCS served as a forerunner to today's Indian Audit and Accounts Service. Raman passed the FCS examination in 1907 and married Lokasundari before taking up an official job. This period of his life unfolded unusually. Typically, parents arranged Indian marriages, which includes finding a suitable horoscope match for their infant. This included looking at the positions of the stars on their birth date, as well as other horoscopic statistics.  The boy and his parents then pay a visit to the girl's house to see if she likes them; during this period, the girl is normally asked to give a musical performance. The date for their marriage is fixed if all arrangements are in agreement and the girl's family provides adequate dowry. Raman's marriage went in a different direction. Mr. Ramaswamy Sivan, a freemason, theosophist, and radical thinker, was a friend of Raman's as a college student. Mr. Sivan's house was a frequent stop for Raman, and one day he heard music from an Indian classical instrument, the veena, played by Lokasundari, Sivan's sister-in-law, who was visiting from Madurai. Lokasundari was a natural at playing the veena, and Raman was instantly drawn to her. Sivan discussed this idea with Raman, who immediately accepted it since Lokasundari was of marriageable age at the time and her family was looking for a suitable groom. Raman then continued to seek permission from his parents. However, it was later discovered that Lokasundari, thought of the same caste as Raman (Brahmin), belonged to a separate subset—a match that was strictly forbidden at the time. Raman's father, who is a rather liberal man, agreed that Raman could choose his bride, even if she came from a different subset. The rest of the family, including Raman's mother, was unhappy, however. Despite these challenges, Raman followed his heart and kept on doing things his way. In mid-1907, Raman was appointed Assistant Accountant-General in Calcutta, even though he was still a teenager. His pay, including the marriage allowance, was Rs. 400 at the time. Raman and Lokasundari set out for Calcutta, the capital of British India at the time. Raman took advantage of Calcutta's vibrant and scientific environment, allowing him to fully articulate his scientific creativity—Calcutta was then regarded as the East's premier science city. Raman was sent to Nagpur and Rangoon in addition to Calcutta; no matter where he was posted, Raman still found a way to perform experiments at home.

C V Raman Contribution to Science

Raman productively used the time he had with Professor Jones while studying Physics at Presidency College, designing and creating experiments to address the boundless questions he had. Only the most basic laboratory instruments (enough for classwork) were available in the Physics lab at the time, but Raman made use of them all. Raman's questions were frequently those for which there were no answers in the literature. As a result, the nature of science came naturally to him, prompting him to perform experiments throughout his life. Raman experimented with asymmetric diffraction of light though he was well aware of light in a wave shape and the principle of diffraction. Professor Jones was given his observations on this experiment, which he collected and gave to him for feedback. Professor Jones, on the other hand, remained silent for many months. Raman was aware of the Philosophical Magazine at the time, possibly those subscribed to by the Connemara Public Library, which was about five kilometers from Presidency College (it is not certain how Raman came to know of this magazine). This paper was written in 1906, and Raman, who was only 18 at the time and had not yet graduated from high school, was the sole author with no acknowledgments. Raman's achievement was all the more remarkable because Presidency College was not a research institution, and Raman's paper was the first to emerge from there. Almost immediately after Raman's first publication, Johns Hopkins University's R.W. Wood published another. Wood later sent a cable to Nature announcing the Raman Effect's discovery. Raman left the government in 1917 to take up the newly established Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta. Simultaneously, he continued his study at the IACS, where he eventually rose to the position of Honorary Secretary. Raman referred to this period in his career as his "golden age." At the IACS and the University of Calcutta, he was surrounded by a group of gifted students. In 1929, he presided over the 16th session of the Indian Science Congress. Raman worked on the acoustics of musical instruments in addition to his Nobel Prize-winning work on light scattering. Based on superposition velocities, he developed a theory of transverse vibration of bowed strings. In comparison to Helmholtz's method, this does a great job of describing bowed string vibration. He was also the first to explore the harmonic essence of Indian drum sounds like the tabla and mridangam. Raman was appointed director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore in 1933. The IISc was established in 1909 with the aim of conducting original research and providing science and engineering education. Before Raman's appointment, all of IISc's directors, as well as the majority of its faculty, were British. He remained a Professor of Physics for another two years. The new government of Independent India named him the country's first National Professor in 1947. In 1948, he retired from the Indian Institute of Science and a year later founded the Raman Research Bangalore, Karnataka, where he served as director until he died in 1970.

C V Raman’s Discovery

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his research on light scattering and the discovery of the Raman effect. The inelastic scattering of a photon is known as "Raman scattering" or "Raman effect." This phenomenon is the basis for Raman spectroscopy.

What led to C V Raman’s Invention of Raman Effect?

C V Raman Discovery of the Physics of Musical sound- Understanding the Physics of musical Sound was one of Raman's passions. The Sensations of Tone by Hermann Von Helmholtz, which he came across when he entered IACS, inspired him. Between 1916 and 1921, he researched and published a lot of his observations. Based on the superposition of velocities, he developed the principle of transverse vibration of bowed string instruments. The wolf tone in violins and cellos was one of his earliest experiments. He investigated the acoustics of various violins and related instruments, as well as water splashes and Indian stringed instruments. "Experiments with mechanically-played violins" was one of his works. C V Raman Discovery behind the Blue colour of the sea- In 1919, Raman began investigating light scattering as part of his broadening foray into optics. His first amazing discovery was the mechanics of seawater's blue colour. In September 1921, he reflected on the Mediterranean Sea's blue colour while sailing home from England on the S.S. Narkunda. He tested the seawater with basic optical instruments, including a pocket-sized spectroscope and a Nicol prism. No.56 Lord Rayleigh's explanation in 1910, "The much-revered dark blue of the deep sea has little to do with the colour of water, but is the blue of the sky seen by refraction," was the strongest of many theories on the colour of the sea. C V Raman Inventions: Most photons are elastically dispersed as light is scattered from an atom or molecule. The incident photons have the same energy (frequency) as scattered photons, and therefore the same wavelength. Excitations of optical frequencies distinct from, and normally lower than, the frequency of the incident photons scatter a small fraction of scattered light (roughly one in ten million photons). Raman scattering may occur in gas when a molecule's vibrational, rotational, or electronic energy changes. "The character of scattered radiations allows us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering," Raman explained. Raman published his thesis on "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that eventually led to his discovery of the radiation effect that bears his name (on February 28, 1928). In 1928, C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan, as well as Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, independently identified the Raman effect. Raman's discovery was hailed by physicists as evidence of the quantum theory. The vibrational Raman effect is of primary interest to chemists. The Raman Effect was named a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 1998, in recognition of its importance as a method for studying the structure of liquids, gases, and solids. The Raman Effect is distinct from the fluorescence mechanism. The incident light is completely absorbed in the latter case, and the system is transferred to an energetically excited state from which it can only transition to various lower states after a certain period (resonance lifetime). Both processes emit a photon with a different frequency than the incident photon, and the molecule is brought to a higher or lower energy level. However, the Raman Effect can occur for any frequency of incident light, which is a significant difference. The Raman Effect, in contrast to the fluorescence effect, is not a resonant effect.

C V Raman’s Contribution as an Author

C V Raman’s discoveries led him to write a set of books which are listed below-

Vol. 1 -Scattering of Light (Ed. S Ramaseshan)

Vol. 2 -Acoustic

Vol. 3 -Optica

Vol. 4 -Optics  of Minerals and Diamond

Vol. 5 -Physics of Crystals

Vol. 6 -Floral Colours and Visual Perception

C V Raman’s Achievements and Awards

Many honorary doctorates and memberships in scientific societies were bestowed upon Raman. He was a member of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich, the Swiss Physical Society in Zürich, the Royal Philosophical Society in Glasgow, the Royal IrishAcademy, the  Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of The Soviet Union, the Optical Society of America, and the Mineralogical Society of America, the Romanian Academy of Sciences, the Catgut Acoustical Society of America, and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. He did, however, resign from the fellowship in 1968 for unknown reasons, making him the only Indian FRS to do so. In 1929, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress's 16th session. From 1933 until his death, he was the first President of the Indian Academy of Sciences. In 1961, he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Though still employed by the Indian Finance Service, Raman won the Curzon Research Award in 1912. While still working for the Indian Finance Service, he received the Woodburn Research Medal in 1913. The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze in Rome awarded him the Matteucci Medal in 1928. He was knighted in 1930. The Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, conferred him a Knight Bachelor in a special ceremony at the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi after his inclusion in the 1929 Birthday was postponed. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for "research on light scattering and the discovery of the phenomenon named after him."He was the first Asian and non-white person to win a Nobel Prize for Science. Rabindranath Tagore (another Indian) had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1930. The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia awarded him the Franklin Medal in 1941. He received the Bharat Ratna award in 1954. (along with politician and former Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan). He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

FAQs on C V Raman Biography

1. What is the discovery of C V Raman about?

On a boat trip back from England in 1921, Indian physicist C.V. Raman began work on a line of research that would lead to the discovery of a new scattering effect, now known as the Raman effect, in February 1928. The Raman effect is significant in Physics and Chemistry.

2. Why write a biography about CV Raman?

Writing a biography is a good way to practice research and describe a person and his legacy to mankind. CV Raman is an apt topic for biography because he was a historical figure of great importance and his legacy in the field of Mathematics and Physics is big and easily available for research.

3. Are there ways of talking about a subject other than a biographical essay?

A biographical essay is just one of the many ways of describing a person’s life. Some other forms are a documentary, a biographical movie, the life of a person written as a play or story – it can be short or long – the options are as endless as one’s creativity. Refer to the official website of Vedantu or download the app for an elaborate explanation.

4. What are the tools that one can use to make a boring biography interesting?

Writing tools that can brighten up a boring biography are figures of speech, including relevant quotes, presenting the facts in a story-telling manner, etc

5. Was CV Raman a scientist or a mathematician?

CV Raman was a Nobel Prize-winning Physicist whose exemplary work in Optics won him a place in the annals of history.

6. C V Raman is Famous For?

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to C.V. Raman in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, in which light passing through a substance is dispersed and the wavelength of the scattered light is altered due to an energy state transfer in the material's molecules.

Sir CV Raman Biography, Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for Raman Effect

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, known as CV Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist who earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Check here Sir CV Raman Biography in detail.

Table of Contents

Sir CV Raman Biography

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, commonly known as CV Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist whose groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Raman’s contributions not only significantly advanced the understanding of light and its interaction with matter but also paved the way for modern spectroscopy techniques. His life and work remain an inspiration to scientists worldwide, particularly in India.

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Sir CV Raman Biography Overview

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Sir CV Raman’s Early Life and Education

C.V. Raman was born into a Tamil Brahmin family. His father, Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer, was a lecturer in mathematics and physics. From a young age, Raman showed a keen interest in science and mathematics, often conducting experiments at home. He attended local schools in Tiruchirappalli before enrolling at the prestigious Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) for his undergraduate studies. After completing his Bachelor’s degree, he pursued a master’s degree in physics, graduating in 1907 with top honors.

Career and Contributions of Sir CV Raman in Science

Following his education, Raman began his career as a government servant but soon transitioned to academic research. He joined the Indian Finance Department as an assistant accountant general in Calcutta (now Kolkata) but continued his scientific pursuits in his spare time. In 1917, he took up a position as a professor of physics at the University of Calcutta, where he conducted the research that would later earn him the Nobel Prize.

Raman’s most significant contribution to science came in 1928 when he discovered what is now known as the “ Raman Effect .” While studying the scattering of light in various substances, he observed that when light interacts with molecules, it undergoes a slight change in wavelength. This phenomenon, later named after him, provided crucial insights into the behaviour of light and the molecular structure of materials. The discovery of the Raman Effect revolutionized spectroscopy, allowing scientists to study the vibrational and rotational modes of molecules with unprecedented precision.

In addition to his work on light scattering, Raman made significant contributions to various other areas of physics, including acoustics, magnetism, and optics. He published numerous papers throughout his career, establishing himself as one of the leading scientists of his time. In 1934, he founded the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as its president for several years, further promoting scientific research and education in India.

Awards Honoured to Sir CV Raman

Honourable works of sir c v raman, legacy and honors of cv raman.

C.V. Raman’s contributions to science were widely recognized during his lifetime. In addition to the Nobel Prize in Physics, he received numerous awards and honors from scientific societies and governments around the world. He was knighted by the British government in 1929, becoming the first Indian to receive a knighthood in the field of science.

Beyond his scientific achievements, Raman was also a passionate advocate for science education and research in India. He believed in the importance of nurturing young talent and established several research institutes and laboratories to support scientific endeavors in the country.

Check here: Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

Sir C.V. Raman’s life and work exemplify the spirit of scientific inquiry and discovery. His groundbreaking discoveries in the field of light scattering have had a profound impact on various branches of science and continue to inspire researchers today. As a pioneer of Indian science, Raman’s legacy serves as a reminder of the potential for excellence and innovation within the scientific community. His contributions will be remembered for generations to come, cementing his place as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.

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Sir CV Raman Biography FAQs

What did sir cv raman discover.

In 1928 Venkata Raman discovered that a small portion of the scattered light acquires other wavelengths than that of the original light.

Who did C.V. Raman marry?

Lokasundari Ammal

Did C.V. Raman got Nobel Prize?

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel prize for physics for his work on light scattering, known as the Raman effect.

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CV Raman biography: The First Asian Who Received Nobel Prize in Science

Table of Contents

Introduction

CV Raman, full name Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was a renowned Indian physicist who made groundbreaking contributions to the field of physics. He was born on November 7, 1888, in the city of Tiruchirappalli, in the Madras Presidency of British India (now Tamil Nadu, India).

CV Raman’s pioneering research on the scattering of light earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, becoming the first Asian and first Indian to receive the prestigious award in science. His discovery, known as the “Raman Effect,” has since become a fundamental tool for the analysis of molecular structures in physics and chemistry.

Apart from his scientific achievements, CV Raman also held various important positions in his lifetime, including the directorship of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore and served as the President of the Indian Science Congress Association.

Throughout his life, he remained deeply committed to promoting scientific research and education in India, and his contributions have had a lasting impact on the scientific community worldwide. This biography will explore the life and work of this remarkable physicist, shedding light on his legacy and impact on the field of physics.

Early and education life of “CV Raman”

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, also known as CV Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his groundbreaking work on the scattering of light, now known as the “Raman Effect.” Here are some details about his early and educational life:

CV Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in the city of Tiruchirapalli in the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu, India) to a Tamil-speaking Brahmin family. His father, Chandrasekhar Iyer, was a teacher of mathematics and physics, and his mother, Parvathi Ammal, was a homemaker.

CV Raman’s early education took place at home, where his father taught him the fundamentals of mathematics and physics. He also received a rigorous education in Sanskrit, a language he would later use extensively in his research.

In 1902, at the age of 13, CV Raman entered Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) to study physics and mathematics. In 1904, he received a scholarship to study at the University of Madras, where he earned his Bachelor’s degree in Physics in 1907. He continued his studies at the same university, earning his Master’s degree in Physics in 1909.

In 1910, CV Raman was awarded a scholarship by the Indian Finance Department to study abroad. He chose to go to England, where he enrolled at the University of Cambridge to work under the supervision of J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron. Raman worked on a variety of topics during his time at Cambridge, including the scattering of X-rays and the theory of diffraction.

In 1913, CV Raman returned to India and joined the faculty of the University of Calcutta as a professor of physics. He would later serve as the Director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore from 1933 until his retirement in 1948.

Throughout his career, CV Raman conducted extensive research in a wide range of fields, including acoustics, optics, and crystal physics. He made numerous contributions to the study of light, sound, and matter, and his discovery of the Raman Effect remains one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century.

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CV Raman’s career as a scientist

As a scientist, CV Raman had a prolific career that spanned several decades. Here are some details about his scientific career:

After returning to India in 1913, CV Raman became a professor of physics at the University of Calcutta. He continued his research in a variety of areas, including the theory of diffraction and the scattering of light. In 1921, he discovered what is now known as the “Raman Effect,” which occurs when light is scattered by molecules and results in a change in the wavelength of the scattered light. This discovery would go on to win him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

CV Raman’s discovery of the Raman Effect propelled him to international fame, and he became one of the most renowned scientists of his time. He continued his research in a variety of areas, including acoustics, optics, and crystal physics.

In 1933, CV Raman was appointed as the Director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, a position he held until his retirement in 1948. During his tenure as Director, he oversaw the expansion and modernization of the institute and worked to establish it as a leading research institution.

CV Raman also continued to conduct research during his time as Director, and he made significant contributions to a variety of fields. In the 1940s, he conducted pioneering work on the optics of colloids and the fluorescence of diamond. He also investigated the optical properties of crystals and made important contributions to the understanding of crystal structures.

Throughout his career, CV Raman received numerous honors and awards for his scientific contributions. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honor, in 1954. He also served as the President of the Indian Science Congress and the Royal Society of London. His legacy as one of the greatest scientists in Indian history continues to inspire generations of researchers and scholars.

CV Raman’s contributions to science

CV Raman made significant contributions to various fields of science throughout his career. Here are some of his major contributions:

• Raman Effect: CV Raman’s most famous contribution is the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928. This phenomenon occurs when light is scattered by molecules, resulting in a change in the wavelength of the scattered light. This discovery opened up a new field of study in spectroscopy and has had important applications in chemistry, physics, and materials science.
• Optics of Colloids: In the 1940s, CV Raman conducted pioneering work on the optics of colloids. He investigated the scattering of light by small particles in a liquid medium and developed techniques for studying the size and shape of particles using light scattering.
• Fluorescence of Diamond: CV Raman also made significant contributions to the study of the fluorescence of diamond. He discovered that when exposed to light, diamonds emit a weak red glow, which he called “photoluminescence.” This phenomenon has important applications in gemology, as it can be used to identify and authenticate diamonds.
• Acoustics: CV Raman also made important contributions to the field of acoustics. He conducted research on the properties of sound and developed new methods for studying the transmission of sound waves through materials.
• Crystal Physics: CV Raman also studied the properties of crystals and made significant contributions to the understanding of crystal structures. He developed new techniques for studying crystal lattices using light scattering, and his work laid the foundation for the field of crystallography.
• Polarization of Light: CV Raman conducted research on the polarization of light and developed new methods for studying the phenomenon. His work helped to deepen our understanding of the properties of light and its interaction with matter.
• Spectroscopy: CV Raman was also a pioneer in the field of spectroscopy. He developed new techniques for studying the interaction of light with matter and used these techniques to make important discoveries in a variety of fields.

These are just a few of the many contributions that CV Raman made to the field of science. His work continues to inspire and inform research in a wide range of areas.

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Awards won By CV Raman

CV Raman won several awards throughout his life as a scientist. Here are some of the most significant awards and honors he received:

• Nobel Prize in Physics: In 1930, CV Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman Effect.” This award is one of the most prestigious in the field of science, and CV Raman was the first Asian to receive it.
• Fellow of the Royal Society: In 1924, CV Raman was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, one of the oldest and most prestigious scientific societies in the world. He was the first Indian scientist to be elected to the society.
• Bharat Ratna: In 1954, CV Raman was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honor, for his contributions to science.
• Franklin Medal: In 1941, CV Raman was awarded the Franklin Medal in Physics, one of the most prestigious awards in the field.
• Hughes Medal: In 1930, CV Raman was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society of London for his work on the scattering of light.
• Padma Bhushan: In 1954, CV Raman was awarded the Padma Bhushan, one of the highest civilian awards in India, for his contributions to science.
• Knighthood: In 1929, CV Raman was knighted by the British government for his contributions to science.

These are just a few of the many awards and honors that CV Raman received throughout his life. His contributions to science continue to be celebrated and recognized to this day.

Death of CV Raman

CV Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82, in Bangalore, India. He had been suffering from illness for some time prior to his death. His passing was mourned by the scientific community in India and around the world, and he was widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists in the country’s history.

CV Raman’s legacy continues to live on to this day, and his contributions to science have had a lasting impact on the field. The Indian government has established a number of institutions and awards in his honor, including the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore and the CV Raman Award for Physics. His work is also celebrated in a variety of other ways, including through scientific lectures and seminars, exhibitions, and other events.

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CV Raman was a brilliant Indian physicist and scientist who made significant contributions to various fields of science, including optics, acoustics, crystal physics, and spectroscopy. His discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928 was a landmark achievement and opened up a new field of study in spectroscopy. He was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, and his work continues to be celebrated and recognized to this day.

Throughout his life, CV Raman was committed to advancing science and promoting scientific research in India. He founded the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute, both of which have played important roles in the development of science in India. He was also a champion of science education and worked to promote science literacy among the general public.

CV Raman’s contributions to science have had a lasting impact on the field, and his legacy continues to inspire scientists around the world. He remains one of the most celebrated and respected scientists in Indian history, and his work serves as a testament to the power of scientific inquiry and discovery.

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A short biography of C. V. Raman

Published by prakrsinha on January 19, 2021 January 19, 2021

A short biography of C. V. Raman: C. V. Raman or (Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman), was born on 7 November 1888 Trichinopoly Madras presidency  British India ( Tamil Nadu ,  India ). The innovative work of this legend from India, within the sphere of scattering of sunshine, earned him a reward in Physics in 1930.

Raman studied in St. Aloysius Anglo- Indian High school in Vishakhapatnam. Raman completed his metric education at 11 and intermediate at the age of 13 years in 1902. Raman joined Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai).where his father (Chandrasekhar Ramanathan Iyer) had been transferred to teach mathematics and physics. There Raman got a B.A. (Bachelorof Arts) degree from the University of Madras in Physics. There he was awarded a laurel wreath in physics, later in 1907 he completed his M.A. (Master of Arts) with the highest distinction.

His brother (Chandrasekhar Subrahmanya Ayyar ) joined The IFS (Indian Finance service) which is that the foremost honorable government service in India, which is now called Indian Audit and Account service. He started his career working in an exceedingly government sector, but in 1917 he left that job because at that time India wasn’t independent so Britishers weren’t supporting Raman to go further within the field of Physics, but after independence, in 1948 he founded his institute named “Raman research Institute where he did all his researches. Raman also contributed greatly to IACS (Indian Association of the cultivation of the science).

What is Raman Effect?

C.V. Raman was on a Ship, while he was going he saw that the color of the water is blue but he knew that water is transparent i.e. we can see through it and light can completely pass through it. After coming from the trip he did research on it and he found the reason behind this and later it was called Raman Effect.

Raman scattering, change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules or atoms. When a beam of light transverse a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound a little fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming).His effect is feeble in liquid compound. A short part, however, has wavelengths different from that of the incident light; its presence is a result which is called Raman Effect.

Awards and Honors

•  He was given Curzon Research Award in (1912), while he was working in Indian Finance Services.
• He was awarded Franklin Medal in (1941), in Franklin Institute which is in Philadelphia.
• In 1954 he was awarded Bharat Ratna.
• In 1957, he was awarded the Lenin Peace prize
• In 1930, he received the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society.
• In 1928, he received the Matteucci from the Academia in Rome.
• In 1930, Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was given Nobel Prize in Physics. He was given this award because he has Discovered the “Raman Effect of Scattering of light’’. Before him, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature.

He experienced a major heart attack at the end of October in 1970, while he was working in a laboratory. After this major heart attack, he was referred to a hospital where he lived for few days, he refused to stay there further and when he was counting his last breathe he arranged a meeting with the professors of his institute. And he died in the garden of Raman research institute.

Written by: Pranjal Gautam (Class VIII)

Mike Foley · January 20, 2021 at 11:53 am

Very good written on Sir Raman and I am happy that Small age students are encouraged in writing articles. Keep it up !!!

Pranjal · January 20, 2021 at 11:54 am

THANK YOU SIR,

Naitik · January 20, 2021 at 5:56 pm

nice Article !!! (:

Alex · January 20, 2021 at 7:05 pm

It was really great. Research work is awesome

Navya · January 20, 2021 at 7:36 pm

Great article….Would like to see more articles from you:)

Navya · January 20, 2021 at 7:40 pm

Great article….Would like to see some more educational articles from you… 🙂

Aditya · January 21, 2021 at 5:58 pm

Bro nice article on C.V. Raman 👍👍👍👏👏👏 Keep it up !!!!

Mayank · January 23, 2021 at 5:10 pm

Very Nice written Article !!! OOOOPPPPP!!!

Mayank · January 23, 2021 at 5:12 pm

Very Nice written Article !!! OOOOPPPPP!!! Very good Keep it up

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🗒️CV Raman Biography: Life, Family, Education, Awards and Achievements

• Updated on  
• Nov 4, 2023

Sir Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman ( CV Raman ) was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, India. He made tremendous contributions in the field of physics for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. CV Raman’s father was a lecturer of mathematics and physics. Hence, watching him get involved in science , Raman also developed an interest in the field of physics. He acquired his higher education in Physics from the Presidency College, Chennai in 1904. CV Raman is famous for his discovery of the scattering of light which is popularly known as Raman’s Effect. Stay tuned and read this article to know more about CV Raman Biography!

Also Read: Importance of Technology in Education

CV Raman Biography

Dr CV Raman was an intelligent scientist who was born on 7 November 1888. He was involved in academics from his childhood. His father, Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer was a lecturer and his mother was a homemaker. They both supported him in his higher education.

In 1907, Raman married Lokasundari Ammal. He had two sons who were also great at studies. CV Raman once said that his wife was his greatest critic and supporter, whereas his children were the source of inspiration. He became a teacher and dedicated his life to teaching and mentoring young scientists at the Indian Institute of Science where is served as a Director from 1933 to 1948.

CV Raman Education 

CV Raman acquired his higher education from the Presidency College, Madrad in 1902 and obtained his bachelor’s degree in physics ( BA ) in 1904. He secured first place and won the gold medal in physics. Post graduation he completed an MA degree in physics in 1907 with the highest distinctions. CV Raman has researched in the field of optics and acoustics and gave the most popular discoveries i.e. scattering of light.

In 1907, he joined the Indian Finance Department and while working he took out time to conduct experimental research in the labs of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science at Calcutta.

In 1917, he earned the Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University. He also served as a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore (1933-1948) and then, he became the director of the Indian Institute of Science. 

Also Read: MSc Physics

Awards and Achievements 

CV Raman’s great contributions in the field of science and technology have inspired many young scientists. He also became the first Indian physicist to win the Nobel Prize. Some of his awards and achievements are listed below:

• Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)
• Bharat Ratna (1954)
• Lenin Peace Prize (1957)
• Hughes Medal of the Royal Society (1930)
• Matteucci Medal (1928)
• Franklin Medal (1941)
• Knight Bachelor (1930)
• Fellow of the Royal Society (1924)
• Woodburn Research Medal (1913)
• Curzon Research Award (1912)

Also Read: Why Sky is Blue in Colour?

Relevant Blogs

CV Raman was an Indian physicist born at Tiruchirappalli on 7 November 1888. His father was a lecturer of mathematics and physics so his efforts inspired him to get into the science stream. He was the discoverer of the scattering of light. 

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his famous work on the scattering of light also referred to as the Raman effect.

CV Raman got married to Lokasundari Ammal.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our Important Days website and follow Leverage Edu .

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CV Raman Biography (1. Contributions 2. Controversy)

Table of Contents

CV Raman Biography

In the Article of CV Raman Biography, i have comprehensively covered biography of CV Raman. This article will be helpful for the person who desired to know about CV Raman Biography.

Introduction

CV Raman’s full name is Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. CV Raman was an Indian Scientist, Physicists who work in the field of acoustics and optics and known around the world as the discoverer of Raman Effect. He got the prestigious Nobel  Prize on Physics in 1930 for discovery of Raman Effect. Thus, he became the First Asian who got Nobel Prize in Physics and the second Indian who conferred with this achievement. He was also given the title of Knighthood by Britain in 1929 and got his name prefixed with “SIR” (Sir CV Raman).

Our famous Scientist Homi Jahangir Bhabha (founder of India’s Nuclear Program) and Vikram Sarabhai (Founder of India’s Space Program) had joined IISc, Bangalore on recommendation of Sir CV Raman. His contribution to Physics had helped not only India but also world. As a tribute to Raman, Govt of India had announced 28 Febuary as the National Science Day of India.

In his life he had held several appointment for example as a civil servant, teacher, professor, researcher, director and businessman also. Throughout his life he focuses much on Fundamental Physics rather than applied Physics. He died at the garden of his Institute because of natural death and told to his wife before death that he wanted his cremation clean and simple.

CV Raman was born on 7 Nov,1888 in Tiruchirapalli of the Madras Presidency of British India. His parent, Chandrashekhara Ramanathan Iyyer and Parvathi Ammal, was Tamil Brahmin. CV Raman was having 8 siblings and he was the second of his 8 siblings.

He was married to Lokasundari Ammal, at the time of marriage his wife age was only 13 years. From her, CV Raman had two sons.

His father, Chandrashekhara Ramanathan Iyyer, was a teacher in a local high school. His father was earning a magnificent Salary per month. Even once he said that “He was born with a copper spoon in his mouth”. After some year his family moved to Vishakhapatnam as his father got posted to Narasimha Rao College, Vishakapatnam. His family had supported him in attaining higher education. Even when he was at his worst situation, his brother advised him to join Indian Finance Service (IFS) in 1930.

Since childhood he was much bright and brilliant student than of his coursemate. He had taken admission in St Aloysius’s Anglo-Indian High School, Vishakhapatnam. There he passed his matriculation examination at the age of merely 11 and passed an intermediate equivalent examination at the age of 13 with scholarship as he secured first rank in the Andhra Pradesh School Board. His father further posted to Madras, there he took admission in Madras Presidency College and obtained BA Degree by securing first rank and also winning Gold Medal in both Physics and English. After some year, he passed his Masters in 1907 from University Of Calcutta with highest distinction.

Phase of Life

Raman was much brilliant than that of his age. When he was studying in Madras Presidency College under University of Calcutta, he published his first scientific paper “Unsymmetrical diffraction bands due to a rectangular aperture” in Philosophical Magazine of British in 1906 at the age of merely 18. He published his second journal on “Surface Tension of Liquids” again in Philosophical Magazine of Britain. Lord Rayleigh, a famous optics physicist was concerned with it, started communicating with CV Raman and address him as “Professor”. At that stage, he got famous in and around the world.

He wants to do higher education in Physics but at that time science college were not there in India, hence his physics teacher insisted him to go abroad to pursue higher education. His teacher arranged everything but unfortunately he could not pass the medical test because of his illness. In the inspection it was revealed that his body could not bear the harsh climatic conditions of England.

Civil Servant

CV Raman was unable to go to abroad, this had made him sad. Then his elder brother advised him to join Indian Finance Service (IFS). As he could not go to England so he decided to work in IFS. He appeared in the Entrance Exam of 1907 and qualified it and selected as a Civil Servant of IFS in Calcutta 1907.

He got transferred to Rangoon followed by Nagpur and lastly to Calcutta in 1911. During tenure at  Rangoon, his father died. He had passion on Physics experiment and was having scientific temperament. In the remaining working hours he always reading, writing about science and physics. He resigned from the post of Civil Servant and accepted Sir TN Palit Professorhip. He described his resignation as the “supreme sacrifice of his life”.

Part Time “Researcher”

When he got posting in Calcutta as Civil Servant in IFS, there he come across with Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). He got influence with IACS and its flexibility for research activity. So, he decided to work there as a part time researcher, at his own time even at unusual hours. At that time Institute had not appointed anyone as regular researcher and not produced any research paper.

He joined Institute in 1907 and published his first Article on “Newton’s rings in polarised light”  in “Nature” Magazine of 1907, became the first in institute who published any Article on Research. Raman had contributed in the IACS journal “Bulletin of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science”. He was given two honorary position of Honorary Professor and Honorary Secretary at IACS after the death of Sircar. This was the “Golden Era” of his life.

JC Bose had been invited to take up the Palit Professorship but he declined and CV Raman was chosen as the second choice. Though this appointment as the Palit Professor had several controvery as he had not any foreign degree and Phd, still he became the first Palit Professor in 1913. Before joining, he had resigned from the post of Civil Servant.

The University of Calcutta senate had officially made appointment on 1914. He became full fledged Professor when he joined Science college of University of Calcutta. As he was learned and qualified man, so University of Calcutta had conferred him Honorary D.Sc in 1921. Within the same year he went to Oxford, England to deliver lecture on Science.  Looking at his contribution to human, Govt of India was appointed him the first National Professor of India .

Journal Editor and Writer

CV Raman had established “Indian Journal of Physics” in 1926. He was also the editor of Journal. His famous article “A new Radiation” paved the way for discovery of  Raman Effect, was published in the same Journal but in second edition. He had also published “Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences”

Appointment as “Director of IISc”

Indian Institute of Science’s establishment was approved by Lord Minto in 1909 and Nizam of Hyderabad,  King of Mysore, Jamsed ji Tata had contributed funds lands for IISc establishment. CV Raman was appointed as the Director of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 1933. He was the fourth and the first Indian Director of IISc, Bangalore. 

He founded Indian Academy of Science in 1934 and there he started Journal “Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences” which was further divided into two.

CV Raman along with his former student started a company called Travancore Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943.

He had also established Raman Research Institute in Bangalore after retirement from IISc, Bangalore.

Personal Life, Believes and Attire

In this world everyone have different opinion, views and habits. So, CV Raman was having different believes, wear different cloth, and of course have different habits and personality .

Personality

Raman was having aspiration of holding Nobel Prize. For that even he worked very hard to take it. Raman had collected several stones, minerals and materials with distinct scattering property.He often take Compact/Handheld Spectrograph with himself while travelling. Raman was fond of sounds of Acoustics instrument. Even his wife was also listening music, he along with his frequently visits church to listen fascinating music.

Raman was openly an agnostic personality. He did not perform Hindu traditional rituals but did not give them in family circles. He was influenced by the Philosophy of Advaita Vedanta. He harldy talked about religion and keep himself away from religion. He said to his wife that he believes only in the “Spirit of Man”. He also said that there is no heaven, no hell, no reincarnation and no immortality. he also said that human take birth, lives and dies.

CV Raman wears Turban (Pagri) on his head along with tuft underneath, and also Hindu sacred thread “ Upanayana “. Although wearing turban is not common not customary.

Honors and Awards

He was awarded with many honors for example Honorary Professorship, Honorary Doctorates, Bharata Ratna, Nobel Prize and list is going on. Govt of India declared every 28 Feb as the National Science Day for his discovery of Raman Effect. Some of the major Honors and Awards are mentioned below;

1. 1912- Awarded with Curzon Research Award

2. 1930- He was Knighted by the Viceroy Of India in an special ceremony

3. 1930- Got Nobel prize on Physics for his discovery on Physics.

4. 1930- Received Hughes Medal of the Royal Society.

5. 1954- Bharat Ratna highest Civilian award, awarded to him by the Govt of India.

6. 1957- Awarded with Lenin Peace Prize.

CV Raman was doing research in his laboratory, suddenly he collapsed on floor due to cardiac arrest. In the diagnosis, doctor told that he could not survive next 4 hours, fortunately he survived for few days. He requested to stay in gardens of his institute surrounded by flowers.

Before death, he told to his student, “Due not allow the journal to die”. and to his wife that he wanted clean and simple cremation without any rituals. He died on 21 November 1970. On the news of his death, PM of India publicly announced the mourning of CV Raman’s death.

Contributions and Inventions of CV Raman

Sir CV Raman has contributed a lot to human. His discovery is benfittng the modern instruments and equipments. His invention has not only helped Indians but also to the world. For his contributions and Inventions, he had awarded with Nobel Prize and Bharat Ratna and many more. His contributions are mentioned below;

Musical Sounds

As we know from the above mentioned biography that he was fond of musical sounds, so he had taken interest on scientific basis of musical sounds. When he was working at Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) he came across with a book named “The Sensations of Tone”. He had studied on acoustics of various violin and related instruments  including Indian stringed instruments and water splashes.

In India people celebrate commonly with music of drums, so Raman had decided to study uniqueness of Indian acoustic and he became the first scientist who studies scientifically the sound of Tabla and Mridagam. He wrote a critical research on vibrations of the Pianoforte string. When he was in London he was keen to study how sound travels in “Whispering Gallery” of the Tomb of Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London. His work on acoustics had helped him a lot in doing research on Optics and Quantum Mechanics.

Blue colour of the sea

When he was travelling to England, he noticed about colour of the sea. On his return to his home he took spectroscope with himself along with Nicole prism in hand. At that time the colour of the sea was explained better by Lord Rayleigh. Lord Rayleigh, “The much admired dark blue of the deep sea has nothing to do with the color of water, but is simply the blue of the sky seen by reflection”.

Lord Rayleigh’s explanation on water color of sea was accepted by many, but CV Raman made this questionable and  published and Article “The color of the Sea” in Nature Magazine, 1921. In contradiction Raman says, “we could view the water using Nicole prism to avoid the influence of sunlight reflected by the surface and also proved that the sea appears even more blue than usual”.

Raman Effect

It was the discovery that awarded him the Most Prestigious Award, Nobel Prize on Physics of 1930. He became the First Asian who got Nobel on Physics and the Second Indian who got Nobel Prize. Raman Effect was discovered by CV Raman along with his student.

Raman Effect says that when we put light on any object we got reflection of light but it has change in he wavelength. When a beam of light traverses a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound, a small fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming) beam. Most of the scattered light that comes from reflection is of unchanged wavelength. But small part of light has different wavelength, this changed wavelength is the result of Raman Effect. However this change are found merely, roughly once in millions.

Controversies

Though CV Raman was considered a great Indian physicist, still he had many controversy associated with him. Out of them some are mentioned below;

Nobel Prize

CV Raman had been awarded with Nobel Prize on Physics in 1930. His selection by the Nobel Committee was in controversy around the world. What was the controversy of Nobel Prize associated with him are mentioned below;

Independent Discovery

Along with CV Raman, Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam was also send for Nobel Prize on 1930. But, Nobel Prize on Physics had gone to CV Raman. Though Nobel Committee had cited reasons for chosing Raman as the winner of Nobel Prize on Physics 1930, still controversy took place around the world. Later evidences had appeared that these Russians had discovered the same Phenomenon of Scattering of Light before CV Raman. 

Role of Krishnan

Krishnan was the student of CV Raman, he had helped him a lot in discovery of Raman Effect. Even Krishnan had co-authore all the scientific paper associated with Raman Effect except two, Still his name was not included along with Raman. Even Raman was antagnostic towards Krishnan, and later described him as the “Greatest Tragedy of His Life”. However, Krishnan never claimed himself worthy of Prize.

Indian Authorities

Raman did not like the establishment of DRDO , BARC, CSIR as he did not want govt sponsorhip or control on Research and Developmnet (R&D) programs. Even he dislike the person who are associated with these program i.e., Homi Bhabh, SS Bhatanagar. Even he called this Nehru-Bhatanagar Effect.

He focuses on fundamental on the other hand Pandit Nehru focuses on applied Physics, this was the main bone of contentious issue between. When Pandit Nehru visited Raman Research Institute in 1948, CV Raman openly ridiculed Pandit Nehru in public, by saying,”Mr. Priime Minister, Everything that glitters is not gold”.

Raman and Nehru controversy was so bitter that he had broken his Bharat Ratna medallion into pieces with a hammer, it was awarded to him by the Nehru led govt.

Indian Institute of Sciences

He was appointed as the Director of IISc, during his tenure he had given so much favour to Physics Department. This causes other scientists to raise voice against this discrimination, other scientists claimed that he was giving favour to Research on Physics at the expenses of other Research . Review committee was formed and in the report it was found that Raman had misused the funds and shifted the Centre of Gravity towards Research on Physics.

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CV Raman Essay

CV Raman represented and contributed significantly to India's scientific community as he was well-versed in philosophical thought and had an exquisite attention to detail. His discovery of the Raman Effect changed the world of science and made him the first ever Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Here are a few sample essays on ‘ CV Raman ’.

100 Words On Essay On CV Raman

200 words on essay on cv raman, 500 words on essay on cv raman.

Since his father taught physics and mathematics at AV Narasimha Rao College in Visakhapatnam, CV Raman was raised in an academic environment. Raman was a dedicated student. He enrolled in the Presidency College in Madras in 1902, and in 1904 he successfully completed his BA programme, earning first place and a gold medal in Physics. He received the highest honours when he earned his MA in 1907. His early studies in optics and acoustics—the two areas of study to which he devoted his whole professional life—were conducted while he was still a student. Raman's primary study was on musical instruments and acoustics, which helped him be elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924.

Early Life | C. V. Raman was born in Madras Province, India on November 7, 1888 in Thiruvanaikoil, Tiruchirappalli. His full name was Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was the son of Parvati Ammal and R. Chandrasekhara Ver. His father taught physics and mathematics at Presidency College in Madras. His early studies in optics and acoustics were conducted while he was still a student. Raman began working for the Indian Finance Department in 1907 after finding that a scientific career did not appear to give the best opportunities at the time. Raman found opportunities to do experimental research in the lab of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences in Calcutta, despite his office duties consuming the majority of his time.

Accomplishments | The advancement of science in India was influenced by the work of Indian physicist C. V. Raman. In 1930, he became the first Indian scientist to receive the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics. His discovery is commonly referred to as the "Raman effect" or "Raman scattering," which is the inelastic scattering of a photon. He received numerous honorary doctorates and memberships in prestigious scientific institutions. He passed away in Bangalore on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. In India, National Science Day is observed on February 28 every year to commemorate the day that Indian scientist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman discovered the Raman phenomenon.

CV Raman was the first Indian and Asian to be awarded the Physics Nobel Prize. Most importantly, he accomplished this while India was not well-known in the scientific community.

The Raman Effect

In 1928, while researching how light refracts in different materials, he discovered that when a transparent substance is lit by a beam of light of a particular frequency, a small amount of the light exits at right angles to the original direction, some of which is of a different frequency from the incident light. The energies connected to changes in rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material were named as Raman frequencies. In short, the Raman effect, discovered by C.V. Raman, occurs when light that shines through a material is scattered and its wavelength varies from that of the original incident light due to interactions with the molecules in the substance.

Academic Contribution

Raman received his knighthood in 1929, and in 1933 he relocated to the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to take over the physics department. He was appointed the Raman Research Institute's director there in 1947, and in 1961 he was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. He helped establish almost all Indian research institutions during his lifetime, founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences, and mentored hundreds of students who went on to hold significant positions in academic institutions and government in India and Myanmar (Burma).

His Work and Achievements

After spending 15 years in Calcutta, he moved to Bangalore to work as a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (1933–1948), and in 1948 he was appointed director of the Raman Institute of Research, which he had founded and endowed. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences appointed him as Honorary Secretary. In 1926, he also started the Indian Journal of Physics, serving as its Editor. Raman supported the creation of the Indian Academy of Sciences and presided over it. He also served as the president of the Bangalore Current Science Association. Raman had produced credible work in his discipline, and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences published his early autobiographies. These addressed the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of violin-family musical instruments. He presented a paper on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, marking the beginning of a series of studies with his associates that eventually resulted in the discovery of the radiation effect, which bears his name. He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. He and Suri Bhagavantam made the quantum photon spin discovery in 1932.

Raman lost consciousness in his lab at the end of October 1970. He pulled through and requested to be moved from the hospital to his institute's grounds. On November 21st, 1970, he passed away. His life served as an example of how hard work, dedication, and patience can lead to success. A new era of higher science began with him, and he set the example for others to follow.

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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Investment director.

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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