15000 dissertation structure

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How Many Words Per Section in a 15000 Words Dissertation?

Table of Contents

In the majority of the cases, a dissertation is required by colleges or universities at the Masters’ level and is based on primary research. Students need to know exactly the word count breakdown of this dissertation for the accurate completion of this important task. Here in this informative post, our writers answer the question, “how many words per section in a 15000 words dissertation”?

A dissertation is an essential form of an academic paper that tells the audience members that you have gained comprehension as a student as well as a researcher. While writing a dissertation, you will have to follow a strict structure and format. The structure of dissertation writing is also different from the structure of other academic papers. That’s why most fresh dissertation writers face lots of difficulties to write a dissertation by following the professional structure and format.

15000 Words Dissertation Structure:

Before structuring the dissertation, the students should have enough idea that a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing divided into different components. There is also a specific word count percentage of these components of the dissertation. Based on this word count percentage of other dissertation chapters, 15000 words of a dissertation are divided.

Dissertation Introduction:

The first and the most important chapter of a dissertation is the introduction. Second, The word count percentage of this introductory chapter of a dissertation is 10%. It means that in 15000 words dissertation, the introductory chapter of a dissertation should contain 1500 words . In the introductory chapter of a dissertation, the students have to tell the audience members what to expect in the rest of the dissertation.

Dissertation Literature Review:

After the introductory chapter of a dissertation, there comes the literature review chapter of a dissertation. The literature review chapter of a dissertation is one of the longest chapters of the dissertation. Its reason is that the word count percentage of this chapter is 30%. Firstly, In the 15000 words dissertation, the literature review chapter of a dissertation should contain 4500 words. Secondly, In the literature review chapter of a dissertation, the students have to address the gap in the existing literature and their contribution to strengthen that existing literature with the help of new data.

Dissertation Research Methodology:

After the literature review, the research methodology chapter of a dissertation comes. The word count percentage for this essential dissertation chapter is 15%. In 15000 words dissertation, the research methodology chapter should consist of 2250 words. There are two possible methods to gather the data for a dissertation. The first is known as qualitative research methodology, and the second is quantitative research methodology. As a result, After selecting a particular research method to gather the data for your dissertation, you will have to provide a complete overview of this research method in the research methodology chapter of the dissertation.

Dissertation Result Section:

Moreover, The word count percentage for the findings or results section of a dissertation is 5% and in 15000 words dissertation, we have to write 750 words in this chapter.

Analysis or Discussion Section:

The word count percentage for the analysis or discussion chapter of a dissertation is 30% and in 15000 words dissertation, we have to write 4500 words in this essential chapter of the dissertation.

Conclusion:

The last chapter of the dissertation is known as the conclusion. The word count percentage for this essential chapter of a dissertation is just 10%, and in 15000 words dissertation, the conclusions or recommendations chapter of a dissertation consists of 1500 words only.

References:

https://www2.hw.ac.uk/sml/postgraduate/downloads/dissertations/dissertationguide.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0335264492

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Guide For 15000 Words Dissertation

In most cases, 15000 words dissertation is needed by schools or colleges at the Masters’ level and depends on essential research. Students need to know precisely the word count breakdown of this dissertation for the detailed finishing of this significant undertaking. In this informative post, our writers answer the question, “what number of words per area on a 15000 words dissertation”?

A dissertation is a fundamental type of academic paper that tells the crowd individuals that you have acquired cognizance as an understudy, just as a researcher. While dissertation writing , you should follow a severe structure and format. The structure of a dissertation is additionally not the same as the structures of other academic papers. That is the reason the majority of the new dissertation writers face bunches of hardships to write a dissertation by following the expert structure and format.

15000 Words Dissertation Structure:

Some fundamental tips around 15000 words dissertation structure are clarified underneath;

Before organizing the dissertation, the understudies ought to think that a dissertation is an extended piece of composing and is partitioned into various parts. There is likewise a particular word count level of these parts of the dissertation. Based on this word count level of various parts of the dissertation, 15000 words are separated.

The first and the main section of a dissertation is the presentation. The word count level of this initial part of a dissertation is 10%. It implies that in 15000 words dissertation, the basic section of a dissertation should contain 1500 words. In the basic part of a dissertation, the understudies need to mention to the crowd individuals what’s in store in the remainder of the dissertation.
After the starting section of a dissertation, there comes the literature review part of a dissertation. The literature review part of a dissertation is perhaps the most extended section of the dissertation. It explains that the word count level of this part is 30%. In the 15000 words dissertation, the literature review part of a dissertation ought to contain 4500 words. In the literature review part of a dissertation, the understudies need to address the gap in the current literature and their commitment to fortify it with new information.
After the literature review, there comes the research methodology section of a dissertation. The word count rate for this whole section of a dissertation is 15%. In 15000 words dissertation, the research methodology section of a dissertation should comprise 2250 words. There are two potential strategies to assemble the information for a dissertation. The first is known as subjective research methodology, and the second is a quantitative research methodology. After choosing a specific research technique to assemble the information for your dissertation, you should give a full outline of this research strategy in the research methodology section of the dissertation.
The word count rate for the discoveries or results part of a dissertation is 5%. In 15000 words dissertation, we need to compose 750 words in this section.
The word count rate for the analysis or conversation part of a dissertation is 30%. In 15000 words dissertation, we need to compose 4500 words in this entire section of the dissertation.
The last part of the dissertation is known as conclusions or suggestions. The word count rate for this fundamental part of a dissertation is simply 10%. In 15000 words dissertation, the conclusions or suggestions section of a dissertation comprises 1500 words in particular.

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Dissertation

15000 Words Dissertation – Word count Breakdown and Structure

Are you tackling an upcoming 15000 words dissertation? If so, don’t worry – we’ve got you enclosed. This blog will go through breaking down and structuring your 15000-words dissertation.

What Is A Dissertation?

A dissertation is an academic document students must complete during their master’s degree. ‘Dissertation’ originates from the Latin ‘Dissertates’, which means ‘ to discuss ‘. Therefore, a dissertation investigates a certain subject and offers a unique perspective. You must complete this lengthy academic paper; your degree will be insufficient without your final dissertation.

Dissertation Structure For 15000 Words Count;

The structure of a dissertation depends on the subject and the specific requirements of the university or institution.

However, a general structure or chapter distribution for a 15000 words dissertation could be as follows:

1) Introduction (about 10% of the word count):

Introduce the topic and provide background information on the research problem.
State the research question(s) and the aim(s) of the study.
Explain the significance of the research and its contribution to the field.

2) Literature Review (about 30% of the word count):

Review the existing literature on the topic and identify the research gaps.
Analyse and synthesize the literature to support the research question(s).
Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the literature.

3) Methodology (about 15% of the word count):

Describe the research design, including the research approach, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
Justify the chosen methodology and explain how it relates to the research question(s).

4) Results (about 5% of the word count):

Present the research findings using tables, graphs, and charts where appropriate.
Describe the key results and their significance.
Discuss any unexpected results and their implications.

5) Discussion (about 30% of the word count):

Interpret the results and relate them to the research question(s).
Discuss the implications of the findings for the field and identify any study limitations.
Make recommendations for future research.

6) Conclusion (about 10% of the word count):

Summarize the key points of the Dissertation.
Restate the research question(s) and the aim(s) of the study.
Discuss the overall significance of the research and its contribution to the field.

7) References:

List all the sources cited in the dissertation, following a consistent referencing style .

Word Count Breakdown of a 15000 Words Dissertation;

A dissertation is a significant piece of academic writing that involves independent research. It presents a student’s findings on a particular topic or subject.

A dissertation of 15000 words usually consists of the following sections with a specific word count:

Introduction

The introduction is the first section of a dissertation that sets the stage for the research. It provides background information about the topic, outlines the research questions or hypotheses, and explains the significance of the study. The introductory chapter should contain 1500 words. The introduction also provides an overview of the structure of the dissertation and its key sections.

Literature Review

The literature review analyses existing research related to the Dissertation topic. It should provide an overview of the major themes and theories related to the topic. It identifies existing research gaps and explains how the proposed study will address them. This chapter should consist of 4500 words. The dissertation literature review demonstrates the student’s understanding and ability to critically evaluate the relevant literature.

Methodology

The methodology section outlines the methods and procedures used to conduct the research. It should explain the research design, sampling strategy, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. The methodology section should consist of 2250 words for 15000 words dissertation. The methodology section should explain the study’s limitations and any potential ethical considerations.

The results section presents the findings of the research. It should be presented clearly and concisely and include tables, graphs, and other visual aids to help readers understand the data. The results section should consist of 750 words for 15000 words dissertation. The results section should also discuss the implications for the research questions or hypotheses.

The discussion section provides implications for the research questions or hypotheses. The discussion section should make a word count of 4500 words for 15000 words dissertation.

The conclusion section provides an interpretation of the findings. The conclusion section should make a word count of 1500 words for 15000 words dissertation.

Disciplines for 15000 Words Count Dissertation;

The choice of disciplines for a 15,000-word dissertation writing task depends on the research topic, research question, and the academic level of the Dissertation. However, some possible disciplines for a 15,000-word dissertation are:

Business: A dissertation in the field of business focus on various topics such as management, marketing, accounting, and finance.
Education: A dissertation in education focuses on educational policy, teacher training, and pedagogy.
Psychology: A psychology dissertation relates to cognitive, social, and developmental psychology.
Sociology: A dissertation in sociology works on topics such as social inequality, culture, and social change.
Law: A law dissertation focuses on human rights, criminal law, and international law.
Health sciences: A dissertation in health sciences covers topics such as public health, epidemiology, and healthcare management.
Environmental sciences: A dissertation in environmental sciences focuses on topics such as climate change, environmental policy, and sustainability.
Engineering: A dissertation in engineering focus on mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering.
Literature: A dissertation in the literature focuses on topics such as literary analysis, literary theory, and comparative literature.
History: A dissertation in history covers topics such as political history

Dissertation Topics with 15000 Word Count – Examples

Conclusion:.

The word count and structure of a 15,000-word dissertation should be adjusted according to subject, institution, and guidelines. A general structure for a 15000 words dissertation has shown above with all characteristics. Review the guidelines provided by the institution and the supervisor. Breaking down the word count for each section can help to manage time. This helps focus the big picture while accomplishing individual tasks faster and better. Ensure that each section receives the attention it deserves. Ultimately, the dissertation’s success depends on the research’s depth and quality and the ability to present it coherently and logically. You can take help from dissertation writing services if you want to get it done in a more professional way.

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Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Published on 8 June 2022 by Tegan George .

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process . It helps you to lay out and organise your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation, such as:

Your anticipated title
Your abstract
Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

In the final product, you can also provide a chapter outline for your readers. This is a short paragraph at the end of your introduction to inform readers about the organisational structure of your thesis or dissertation . This chapter outline is also known as a reading guide or summary outline.

How to outline your thesis or dissertation, dissertation and thesis outline templates, chapter outline example, sample sentences for your chapter outline, sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline, frequently asked questions about outlines.

While there are some inter-institutional differences, many outlines proceed in a fairly similar fashion.

Working Title
‘Elevator pitch’ of your work (often written last).
Introduce your area of study, sharing details about your research question, problem statement , and hypotheses . Situate your research within an existing paradigm or conceptual or theoretical framework .
Subdivide as you see fit into main topics and sub-topics.
Describe your research methods (e.g., your scope, population , and data collection ).
Present your research findings and share about your data analysis methods.
Answer the research question in a concise way.
Interpret your findings, discuss potential limitations of your own research and speculate about future implications or related opportunities.

To help you get started, we’ve created a full thesis or dissertation template in Word or Google Docs format. It’s easy adapt it to your own requirements.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

It can be easy to fall into a pattern of overusing the same words or sentence constructions, which can make your work monotonous and repetitive for your readers. Consider utilising some of the alternative constructions presented below.

Example 1: Passive construction

The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise.

Example 2: IS-AV construction

You can also present your information using the ‘IS-AV’ (inanimate subject with an active verb) construction.

A chapter is an inanimate object, so it is not capable of taking an action itself (e.g., presenting or discussing). However, the meaning of the sentence is still easily understandable, so the IS-AV construction can be a good way to add variety to your text.

Example 3: The I construction

Another option is to use the ‘I’ construction, which is often recommended by style manuals (e.g., APA Style and Chicago style ). However, depending on your field of study, this construction is not always considered professional or academic. Ask your supervisor if you’re not sure.

Example 4: Mix-and-match

To truly make the most of these options, consider mixing and matching the passive voice , IS-AV construction , and ‘I’ construction .This can help the flow of your argument and improve the readability of your text.

As you draft the chapter outline, you may also find yourself frequently repeating the same words, such as ‘discuss’, ‘present’, ‘prove’, or ‘show’. Consider branching out to add richness and nuance to your writing. Here are some examples of synonyms you can use.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organise your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

All level 1 and 2 headings should be included in your table of contents . That means the titles of your chapters and the main sections within them.

The contents should also include all appendices and the lists of tables and figures, if applicable, as well as your reference list .

Do not include the acknowledgements or abstract in the table of contents.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

George, T. (2022, June 08). Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved 15 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/outline-thesis-dissertation/

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Dissertation Writing

Dissertation Structure

Dissertation Structure - Expert Writing Tips and Examples

11 min read

Published on: Nov 9, 2021

Last updated on: Apr 18, 2024

How to Structure a Dissertation?

The first and foremost step to take after choosing a dissertation topic is figuring out how you want your work laid out. This can be tricky, but if we break it down into simple terms, then everything should become much more straightforward!

A dissertation structure is based on several essential elements that each contribute to the overall success of your project. Although not every dissertation is structured similarly, you need to know what kind (or variant) will suit your needs best.

The structure of your dissertation will depend on the type of paper youâre writing. For example, a humanities-related document has different guidelines than one that deals with science-based topics and theories.

Usually, the structure and format in which your dissertation should be written are provided for you. Make sure to read them thoroughly before outlining any sections or writing up conclusions!

The elements that can be used to structure all types of dissertations are as follows:

Remember, this is a generic structure. The specific requirements may vary depending on the field of study and the guidelines provided by your institution or advisor.

Let's discuss these points in detail.

Title/Cover Page

The cover or title page of your dissertation is the first page. This includes important details such as:

Your roll number
Your supervisorâs name
Your department name
Instituteâs name
Degree program
Submission date
Instituteâs logo

It is important to know that a title page will be written according to the format of your dissertation. For example, if you write in MLA or Chicago style, make sure this information is on cover pages accordingly.

Check out the sample below of a title page in MLA format.

Dissertation Title Page Sample

A dissertation abstract is the summary of your entire paper. It should contain about 150-300 words and must be written after writing the whole thing to avoid any confusion or mistakes.

The following information should include in the dissertation:

The main topic of your dissertation
Objectives and research methods used in it
The most important part is to summarize what you found out during analysis. So that other people can read about them while not wasting too much time on details!

To make people want to read your dissertation, you need an interesting and informative abstract. Ensure that all relevant information is included in this first paragraph without any unnecessary details; prove how great it would be for them to read!

Dissertation Abstract Sample

The table of contents is a list that shows which chapter and heading each passage belongs in. Each entry has page numbers, so you can easily find the right place for any given piece of writing!

The table of content is one of the most important parts of any document. It helps readers navigate and provides an overview of how your dissertation will be structured, so make sure to include it.

Dissertation Table of Content Sample

List of Tables and Figures

Tables, charts, and figures are an integral part of any dissertation. This section lists them all down for your readers to follow along with what you're saying.

The glossary is a useful resource for those who want to understand the terms and concepts in the text. It includes definitions of unfamiliar words to make it easier for you.

To ensure that no important term is left out, list all the glossary terms alphabetically and provide their definition or explanation. Usually, this step comes after writing your dissertation but can be done earlier if needed.

Dissertation Glossary Sample

Introduction

The introduction of the dissertation is often where you make your first impression. It's important that this section grabs the readerâs attention.

It should provide sufficient information about what they will be reading throughout all future sections. For that, it should contain some exciting content.

The introduction of your dissertation is an opportunity to introduce readers to all the relevant information they need before diving into research. It includes objectives, purposes for writing this particular paper, and the thesis statement, which will be explained in more detail later on.

The following information contains in the dissertation introduction:

Introduce the research topic
Give some background information
Provide the focus of your study
Present your research scope
Provide a reference for your topicâs existing research
Tell how your research contributes to the broader issue
State your major research question
State our dissertation aims
Give an overview of the dissertation structure elements

All the information in your introduction should be explicitly presented to engage readers. Ensure that you give them a complete picture of what, why, and how this research was conducted.

So, they can have an enjoyable time reading about it!

Dissertation Introduction Sample

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Literature Review

The literature review is an integral part of the dissertation. It's written to have a complete understanding of your topic through already existing works by academics in that field.

To write a literature review, you need to follow these steps:

Choose the most relevant and credible sources to gather information for your work (books or journals).
Evaluate and analyze each source
Make a connection between the themes, gaps, conflicts, etc.

A literature review is more than just a summary of the relevant studies. Instead, it requires you to develop an argument and structure that further becomes its basis for justification. This provides insights into your work and summarizes other people's findings.

Existing work gaps
Discuss your research outcome into the theoretical framework and underlying assumptions
State a solution to a problem
Start a theoretical debate
Strengthens the knowledge with new information

Dissertation Literature Review Sample

Methodology

The methodology chapter is a crucial step in the process, as it discusses how to conduct your research and collect data.

This section begins by explaining how the writer achieved their findings and reasons for reliability. The methodology includes:

What is the approach of the research? (whether it is qualitative, quantitative, ethnographic, or experimental)
What techniques do you use to collect the data? (interviews, surveys, etc.)
Define the âhow, what, when, and whereâ of the research.
What type of research will you do? (empirical or non-empirical research and is it primary or dissertation structure for secondary research)
What methods were used to analyze the data (for example, statistical analysis, etc.)
The materials and tools used in gathering the data should be clearly described. For example, computer programs (Excel or STAT)
State research limitations and problems faced during the research.
Provide an evaluation of the methods used.

The major objective of writing this section is to report what the writer did in their research. Moreover, it persuades readers that approaches and methods used successfully solve problems. This makes them feel more confident about exploring a similar situation themselves!

Methodology Dissertation Structure

The research results are reported in this section. The goal of writing it is to make only relevant information available that supports your argument or objective. This ensures that you don't waste space with unimportant statistics and details.

The final dissertation chapter is often summarizing all the information gathered throughout. It can be difficult to keep track, so it's best if this part has tables and charts too! This will help readers understand what was said and how it fits into their own life or work environment.

The meaning and implications of research findings are discussed in a discussion section concerning your main question. Interpretations can be more detailed by including relevant examples or analogies that illustrate points better than discussing them on paper.

The discussion section is an opportunity for the writer to make recommendations about future research. This can be done by noting any new findings or predictions related to their study and how these results fit into existing knowledge.

Dissertation Results And Discussion Sample

The conclusion section should leave readers clear on what they need to know about the main argument. It can be written to answer any remaining questions or strengthen points made earlier.

It should be analytical enough not to seem sentimental when closing out an entire paper with its conclusions. The conclusion is the final stage in a dissertation, where you can share your thoughts about what has been learned from conducting research and how it will help others.

Dissertation Conclusion Sample

Bibliography

The bibliography or reference list is where all the information about sources is provided. This includes citations relevant to your research explanations and authorship details for each entry included in your dissertation.

The bibliography is written following the chosen citation referencing style, APA and MLA. This section has certain requirements that need to be fulfilled for each specific format of citations, given they're different from one another.

Dissertation Bibliography Sample

Dissertation Examples

Students need examples to understand the format and structure of a dissertation proposal. Experts also recommend looking at a few already written samples to make sure they write theirs successfully!

Here are some great dissertation examples to help you write your own winning paper.

Sample Dissertation

Undergraduate Dissertation Example

Masters Dissertation Structure

10,000 words dissertation structure

EPQ dissertation structure

Still struggling to write your dissertation? Given below are a few additional examples of dissertation structures.

8000 word dissertation structure

History dissertation structure

Law dissertation structure

15000 word dissertation structure

Looking for more examples? Take a look at your blog featuring dissertation examples .

Dissertation Writing Tips

When it comes to writing a dissertation, it's not just about the structure but also about the quality of your content. Here are some valuable tips to enhance your dissertation writing:

Start Early: Begin your dissertation as early as possible to allow ample time for research, writing, and revisions. Procrastination can lead to unnecessary stress and compromise the quality of your work.
Research Thoroughly: Conduct a comprehensive literature review to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge related to your topic. This will help you identify research gaps and formulate relevant research questions.
Plan Your Time: Create a realistic timeline or schedule that outlines specific tasks and milestones. Break down your work into manageable sections to stay organized and motivated throughout the process.
Organize Your Thoughts: Create an outline or a mind map to structure your ideas logically. This will help you maintain a clear flow of information and ensure that your arguments are presented coherently.
Write in Clear and Concise Language: Use simple and precise language to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex terminology that may confuse readers.
Revise and Edit: Take the time to review and refine your work. Proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Additionally, critically evaluate the clarity and coherence of your arguments.
Seek Feedback: Share your work with your supervisor, peers, or other trusted individuals. Constructive feedback can provide valuable insights and help you improve the quality of your dissertation.
Follow Guidelines and Formatting Requirements: Adhere to the specific guidelines and formatting requirements provided by your institution. Pay attention to citation styles, referencing, and formatting of headings, tables, and figures.

By implementing these tips, you can enhance the overall quality of your dissertation and increase your chances of success.

Looking for more insights on structuring your dissertation? Check out this video below.

In conclusion, writing a dissertation can be a challenging but rewarding process. By understanding the essential components and structuring your document, you can convey your ideas clearly.

Remember that organizing your dissertation is essential. Instructors and the audience expect work advancing their knowledge in this field. So itâs important to be organized with all aspects of it, from writing skills down to research accuracy.

If you are struggling to write a dissertation, seek help from our writing service.

At CollegeEssay.org, we offer a custom essay writing service that can assist with all of your academic needs. Whether it be simple essays or complex master's dissertations; we do it!

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How to Structure a Dissertation – A Step by Step Guide

Published by Owen Ingram at August 11th, 2021 , Revised On September 20, 2023

A dissertation – sometimes called a thesis – is a long piece of information backed up by extensive research. This one, huge piece of research is what matters the most when students – undergraduates and postgraduates – are in their final year of study.

On the other hand, some institutions, especially in the case of undergraduate students, may or may not require students to write a dissertation. Courses are offered instead. This generally depends on the requirements of that particular institution.

If you are unsure about how to structure your dissertation or thesis, this article will offer you some guidelines to work out what the most important segments of a dissertation paper are and how you should organise them. Why is structure so important in research, anyway?

One way to answer that, as Abbie Hoffman aptly put it, is because: “Structure is more important than content in the transmission of information.”

Also Read: How to write a dissertation – step by step guide .

How to Structure a Dissertation or Thesis

It should be noted that the exact structure of your dissertation will depend on several factors, such as:

Your research approach (qualitative/quantitative)
The nature of your research design (exploratory/descriptive etc.)
The requirements set for forth by your academic institution.
The discipline or field your study belongs to. For instance, if you are a humanities student, you will need to develop your dissertation on the same pattern as any long essay .

This will include developing an overall argument to support the thesis statement and organizing chapters around theories or questions. The dissertation will be structured such that it starts with an introduction , develops on the main idea in its main body paragraphs and is then summarised in conclusion .

However, if you are basing your dissertation on primary or empirical research, you will be required to include each of the below components. In most cases of dissertation writing, each of these elements will have to be written as a separate chapter.

But depending on the word count you are provided with and academic subject, you may choose to combine some of these elements.

For example, sciences and engineering students often present results and discussions together in one chapter rather than two different chapters.

If you have any doubts about structuring your dissertation or thesis, it would be a good idea to consult with your academic supervisor and check your department’s requirements.

Parts of a Dissertation or Thesis

Your dissertation will start with a t itle page that will contain details of the author/researcher, research topic, degree program (the paper is to be submitted for), and research supervisor. In other words, a title page is the opening page containing all the names and title related to your research.

The name of your university, logo, student ID and submission date can also be presented on the title page. Many academic programs have stringent rules for formatting the dissertation title page.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgments section allows you to thank those who helped you with your dissertation project. You might want to mention the names of your academic supervisor, family members, friends, God, and participants of your study whose contribution and support enabled you to complete your work.

However, the acknowledgments section is usually optional.

Tip: Many students wrongly assume that they need to thank everyone…even those who had little to no contributions towards the dissertation. This is not the case. You only need to thank those who were directly involved in the research process, such as your participants/volunteers, supervisor(s) etc.

Perhaps the smallest yet important part of a thesis, an abstract contains 5 parts:

A brief introduction of your research topic.
The significance of your research.
A line or two about the methodology that was used.
The results and what they mean (briefly); their interpretation(s).
And lastly, a conclusive comment regarding the results’ interpretation(s) as conclusion .

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“ Our expert dissertation writers can help you with all stages of the dissertation writing process including topic research and selection, dissertation plan, dissertation proposal , methodology , statistical analysis , primary and secondary research, findings and analysis and complete dissertation writing. “

Tip: Make sure to highlight key points to help readers figure out the scope and findings of your research study without having to read the entire dissertation. The abstract is your first chance to impress your readers. So, make sure to get it right. Here are detailed guidelines on how to write abstract for dissertation .

Table of contents is the section of a dissertation that guides each section of the dissertation paper’s contents. Depending on the level of detail in a table of contents, the most useful headings are listed to provide the reader the page number on which said information may be found at.

Table of contents can be inserted automatically as well as manually using the Microsoft Word Table of Contents feature.

List of Figures and Tables

If your dissertation paper uses several illustrations, tables and figures, you might want to present them in a numbered list in a separate section . Again, this list of tables and figures can be auto-created and auto inserted using the Microsoft Word built-in feature.

List of Abbreviations

Dissertations that include several abbreviations can also have an independent and separate alphabetised list of abbreviations so readers can easily figure out their meanings.

If you think you have used terms and phrases in your dissertation that readers might not be familiar with, you can create a glossary that lists important phrases and terms with their meanings explained.

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Introduction

Introduction chapter briefly introduces the purpose and relevance of your research topic.

Here, you will be expected to list the aim and key objectives of your research so your readers can easily understand what the following chapters of the dissertation will cover. A good dissertation introduction section incorporates the following information:

It provides background information to give context to your research.
It clearly specifies the research problem you wish to address with your research. When creating research questions , it is important to make sure your research’s focus and scope are neither too broad nor too narrow.
it demonstrates how your research is relevant and how it would contribute to the existing knowledge.
It provides an overview of the structure of your dissertation. The last section of an introduction contains an outline of the following chapters. It could start off with something like: “In the following chapter, past literature has been reviewed and critiqued. The proceeding section lays down major research findings…”
Theoretical framework – under a separate sub-heading – is also provided within the introductory chapter. Theoretical framework deals with the basic, underlying theory or theories that the research revolves around.

All the information presented under this section should be relevant, clear, and engaging. The readers should be able to figure out the what, why, when, and how of your study once they have read the introduction. Here are comprehensive guidelines on how to structure the introduction to the dissertation .

“Overwhelmed by tight deadlines and tons of assignments to write? There is no need to panic! Our expert academics can help you with every aspect of your dissertation – from topic creation and research problem identification to choosing the methodological approach and data analysis.”

Literature Review

The literature review chapter presents previous research performed on the topic and improves your understanding of the existing literature on your chosen topic. This is usually organised to complement your primary research work completed at a later stage.

Make sure that your chosen academic sources are authentic and up-to-date. The literature review chapter must be comprehensive and address the aims and objectives as defined in the introduction chapter. Here is what your literature research chapter should aim to achieve:

Data collection from authentic and relevant academic sources such as books, journal articles and research papers.
Analytical assessment of the information collected from those sources; this would involve a critiquing the reviewed researches that is, what their strengths/weaknesses are, why the research method they employed is better than others, importance of their findings, etc.
Identifying key research gaps, conflicts, patterns, and theories to get your point across to the reader effectively.

While your literature review should summarise previous literature, it is equally important to make sure that you develop a comprehensible argument or structure to justify your research topic. It would help if you considered keeping the following questions in mind when writing the literature review:

How does your research work fill a certain gap in exiting literature?
Did you adopt/adapt a new research approach to investigate the topic?
Does your research solve an unresolved problem?
Is your research dealing with some groundbreaking topic or theory that others might have overlooked?
Is your research taking forward an existing theoretical discussion?
Does your research strengthen and build on current knowledge within your area of study? This is otherwise known as ‘adding to the existing body of knowledge’ in academic circles.

Tip: You might want to establish relationships between variables/concepts to provide descriptive answers to some or all of your research questions. For instance, in case of quantitative research, you might hypothesise that variable A is positively co-related to variable B that is, one increases and so does the other one.

Research Methodology

The methods and techniques ( secondary and/or primar y) employed to collect research data are discussed in detail in the Methodology chapter. The most commonly used primary data collection methods are:

questionnaires
focus groups
observations

Essentially, the methodology chapter allows the researcher to explain how he/she achieved the findings, why they are reliable and how they helped him/her test the research hypotheses or address the research problem.

You might want to consider the following when writing methodology for the dissertation:

Type of research and approach your work is based on. Some of the most widely used types of research include experimental, quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
Data collection techniques that were employed such as questionnaires, surveys, focus groups, observations etc.
Details of how, when, where, and what of the research that was conducted.
Data analysis strategies employed (for instance, regression analysis).
Software and tools used for data analysis (Excel, STATA, SPSS, lab equipment, etc.).
Research limitations to highlight any hurdles you had to overcome when carrying our research. Limitations might or might not be mentioned within research methodology. Some institutions’ guidelines dictate they be mentioned under a separate section alongside recommendations.
Justification of your selection of research approach and research methodology.

Here is a comprehensive article on how to structure a dissertation methodology .

Research Findings

In this section, you present your research findings. The dissertation findings chapter is built around the research questions, as outlined in the introduction chapter. Report findings that are directly relevant to your research questions.

Any information that is not directly relevant to research questions or hypotheses but could be useful for the readers can be placed under the Appendices .

As indicated above, you can either develop a standalone chapter to present your findings or combine them with the discussion chapter. This choice depends on the type of research involved and the academic subject, as well as what your institution’s academic guidelines dictate.

For example, it is common to have both findings and discussion grouped under the same section, particularly if the dissertation is based on qualitative research data.

On the other hand, dissertations that use quantitative or experimental data should present findings and analysis/discussion in two separate chapters. Here are some sample dissertations to help you figure out the best structure for your own project.

Sample Dissertation

Tip: Try to present as many charts, graphs, illustrations and tables in the findings chapter to improve your data presentation. Provide their qualitative interpretations alongside, too. Refrain from explaining the information that is already evident from figures and tables.

The findings are followed by the Discussion chapter , which is considered the heart of any dissertation paper. The discussion section is an opportunity for you to tie the knots together to address the research questions and present arguments, models and key themes.

This chapter can make or break your research.

The discussion chapter does not require any new data or information because it is more about the interpretation(s) of the data you have already collected and presented. Here are some questions for you to think over when writing the discussion chapter:

Did your work answer all the research questions or tested the hypothesis?
Did you come up with some unexpected results for which you have to provide an additional explanation or justification?
Are there any limitations that could have influenced your research findings?

Here is an article on how to structure a dissertation discussion .

Conclusions corresponding to each research objective are provided in the Conclusion section . This is usually done by revisiting the research questions to finally close the dissertation. Some institutions may specifically ask for recommendations to evaluate your critical thinking.

By the end, the readers should have a clear apprehension of your fundamental case with a focus on what methods of research were employed and what you achieved from this research.

Quick Question: Does the conclusion chapter reflect on the contributions your research work will make to existing knowledge?

Answer: Yes, the conclusion chapter of the research paper typically includes a reflection on the research’s contributions to existing knowledge. In the “conclusion chapter”, you have to summarise the key findings and discuss how they add value to the existing literature on the current topic.

Reference list

All academic sources that you collected information from should be cited in-text and also presented in a reference list (or a bibliography in case you include references that you read for the research but didn’t end up citing in the text), so the readers can easily locate the source of information when/if needed.

At most UK universities, Harvard referencing is the recommended style of referencing. It has strict and specific requirements on how to format a reference resource. Other common styles of referencing include MLA, APA, Footnotes, etc.

Each chapter of the dissertation should have relevant information. Any information that is not directly relevant to your research topic but your readers might be interested in (interview transcripts etc.) should be moved under the Appendices section .

Things like questionnaires, survey items or readings that were used in the study’s experiment are mostly included under appendices.

An Outline of Dissertation/Thesis Structure

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FAQs About Structure a Dissertation

What does the title page of a dissertation contain.

The title page will contain details of the author/researcher, research topic , degree program (the paper is to be submitted for) and research supervisor’s name(s). The name of your university, logo, student number and submission date can also be presented on the title page.

What is the purpose of adding acknowledgement?

The acknowledgements section allows you to thank those who helped you with your dissertation project. You might want to mention the names of your academic supervisor, family members, friends, God and participants of your study whose contribution and support enabled you to complete your work.

Can I omit the glossary from the dissertation?

Yes, but only if you think that your paper does not contain any terms or phrases that the reader might not understand. If you think you have used them in the paper, you must create a glossary that lists important phrases and terms with their meanings explained.

What is the purpose of appendices in a dissertation?

Any information that is not directly relevant to research questions or hypotheses but could be useful for the readers can be placed under the Appendices, such as questionnaire that was used in the study.

Which referencing style should I use in my dissertation?

You can use any of the referencing styles such as APA, MLA, and Harvard, according to the recommendation of your university; however, almost all UK institutions prefer Harvard referencing style .

What is the difference between references and bibliography?

References contain all the works that you read up and used and therefore, cited within the text of your thesis. However, in case you read on some works and resources that you didn’t end up citing in-text, they will be referenced in what is called a bibliography.

Additional readings might also be present alongside each bibliography entry for readers.

What’s Included: The Dissertation Template

If you’re preparing to write your dissertation, thesis or research project, our free dissertation template is the perfect starting point. In the template, we cover every section step by step, with clear, straightforward explanations and examples .

The template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects such as dissertations and theses. The template structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your dissertation or thesis will have a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter.

The dissertation template covers the following core sections:

The title page/cover page
Abstract (sometimes also called the executive summary)
Table of contents
List of figures /list of tables
Chapter 1: Introduction (also available: in-depth introduction template )
Chapter 2: Literature review (also available: in-depth LR template )
Chapter 3: Methodology (also available: in-depth methodology template )
Chapter 4: Research findings /results (also available: results template )
Chapter 5: Discussion /analysis of findings (also available: discussion template )
Chapter 6: Conclusion (also available: in-depth conclusion template )
Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. We’ve also included practical examples to help you understand exactly what’s required in each section.

The cleanly-formatted Google Doc can be downloaded as a fully editable MS Word Document (DOCX format), so you can use it as-is or convert it to LaTeX.

FAQs: Dissertation Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The dissertation template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of dissertations/theses can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research projects such as dissertations or theses, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Will this work for a research paper?

A research paper follows a similar format, but there are a few differences. You can find our research paper template here .

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level thesis?

This template can be used for a dissertation, thesis or research project at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my dissertation/thesis be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 – 20,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects are often in excess of 60,000 words.

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this dissertation template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our dissertation and thesis coaching services .

How Many Words In A Dissertation? [A Word Count Guide]

/ By Alan Reiner

/ September 6, 2022

When students begin writing a dissertation, the first thing they look for is the dissertation’s structure and breakdown.

It can be much easier to write a dissertation if you are aware of how many words each chapter should contain.

One of the most frequent mistakes students make when writing their dissertations is underwriting or overwriting.

Because of this, it’s critical to establish up front the recommended word count for each chapter of the dissertation.

Because it gives you the foundation for writing a dissertation, the format and breakdown of the number of words are as crucial to dissertation writing as a building’s plan or a map.

Each institution also has its own standards and regulations.

Your professor should provide you a dissertation writing prompt or dissertation template if you are required to write a dissertation.

You may then create your schedule taking into account the specifics of the word count for each of the sections.

The university where you are enrolled sets the dissertation word limit, and the length of a master’s dissertation may differ from that of a doctoral dissertation or an undergraduate dissertation.

Most dissertations have a word count of between 10,000 and 15,000 words, however some can exceed 30,000 words.

This article will discuss how to format and complete your dissertation according to word count guidelines based on a 10,000 word dissertation.

What Is A Dissertation?

In comparison to essays or reports, a dissertation is a longer piece of writing that calls for more research and wider reading.

The dissertation gives you the chance to explore a subject that interests you from planning to conclusion.

Additionally, it will provide you the chance to show off and develop particular abilities that are highly valued by both prospective companies and university admissions.

Along with critical thinking and writing skills, this also involves problem-solving and time-management abilities.

There are two main sorts of dissertations: those with primary research components, which call for you to collect your own data, and those with secondary research components, which rely on data gathered by other researchers.

You get the chance to conduct study on a subject that interests you in a dissertation.

You can get ideas from a variety of places, such as a recent news story you watched, recent advancements in your area of study, an experience at work, or a personal agenda.

Whatever the subject, you need to make absolutely sure it will hold your interest for a long time, that you can finish it by the deadline, and that you are able to contribute something unique to your industry.

Now you know the basics of what a dissertation is, let’s look at how to structure it in terms of the word count.

Introduction: 1000 Words

An introduction is the first major chapter of a dissertation. A dissertation’s initial chapter makes up 10% of the entire document.

The first section of the dissertation should be 1000 words long if it will be 10,000 words in length.

You must establish your study topic, present your research questions, declare the dissertation’s aims, and give a general summary of the dissertation’s structure in these 1000 words.

Literature Review: 3000 Words

A dissertation’s literature review chapter makes up 30% of the entire document.

The dissertation’s chapter on literature review will be 3000 words long in a 10,000 word dissertation.

You must explore the gap in the existing literature, adopt a methodological stance toward the subject, suggest potential answers to unanswered issues, and, with the aid of the new data, strengthen the body of current knowledge pertinent to the dissertation topic idea in these 3000 words.

Research Methodology: 1500 Words

A dissertation’s research technique chapter makes up 15% of the entire document.

The research technique chapter of a 10,000 word dissertation should be 1500 words long.

You must describe the dissertation’s overall format and organization in around 1500 words, as well as examine the data in great detail and give a thorough explanation of how the research techniques were evaluated.

Results: 500 Words

A dissertation’s results or findings chapter makes up 5% of the entire document.

The conclusions or results part of a 10,000 word dissertation is 500 words long.

A student’s analysis of a dissertation’s findings must go into great detail in these 500 words.

Analysis/Discussion: 3000 Words

A dissertation’s analysis and discussion chapter makes up 30% of the entire document.

The analysis and discussion chapter of the dissertation should be 3000 words long, just like the literature review.

You must give a thorough overview of the consequences of the findings that are pertinent to the dissertation’s central issue in these 3000 words.

Conclusion And Suggestions: 1000 Words

A dissertation’s conclusions and suggestions chapter makes up 10% of the entire dissertation.

The conclusions and suggestions chapter of a 10,000 word dissertation is 1000 words long.

You must summarize your dissertation’s main ideas in these 1000 words. The dissertation’s last chapter should leave the reader with a clear comprehension of the thesis.

References Section

To prevent plagiarism, students must cite reliable sources in their writing. The references section is not usually included in the word count specified by the university.

The amount of references is typically not capped by universities because it relies on the body of literature on a particular subject.

You shouldn’t, however, overlook any study or research project in your field.

To support your theory and demonstrate the importance and necessity of your study topic, you must verify the most recent references.

For the literature review chapter, you also require books, journals, research papers, and previously published pieces.

Final Thoughts

A major and extensive research project on a particular subject is the dissertation.

A dissertation is typically required of a student during his final year of study. The topic for the student’s dissertation might be chosen in accordance with his interests.

After deciding on a topic for your dissertation, you must thoroughly research it. Working with an advisor is essential for students completing undergraduate dissertations.

The requirements and instructions of the advisor must therefore be followed by the students as they create their dissertation, including the word count limitations.

When you’re asked to complete a dissertation, instructions on how to do so are given. The word limit of the dissertation is mentioned in these recommendations.

Reading your advisor’s prerequisites and guidelines and following the structure outlined above is the best way to adhere to the word count specified.

Alan Reiner

Hi, my name is Alan Reiner and I have been in the writing industry for almost seven years. I write articles that can span from 200 words all the way to 20,000 words every single day. How do I do it? With a lot of determination. All my way through school and college, I hated long-form assignments. I could never get into the groove of working on one piece for an extended period of time. My pieces were always late because I didn’t have the motivation to type them, let alone edit them.

How Many Pages Is 8000 Words?

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Writing the Dissertation - Guides for Success: The Literature Review

Writing the Dissertation Homepage
Overview and Planning
The Literature Review
The Methodology
The Results and Discussion
The Conclusion
The Abstract
Getting Started
Research Gap
What to Avoid

Overview of writing the literature review

Conducting a literature review enables you to demonstrate your understanding and knowledge of the existing work within your field of research. Doing so allows you to identify any underdeveloped areas or unexplored issues within a specific debate, dialogue or field of study. This, in turn, helps you to clearly and persuasively demonstrate how your own research will address one or more of these gaps.

Disciplinary differences

Please note: this guide is not specific to any one discipline. The literature review can vary depending on the nature of the research and the expectations of the school or department. Please adapt the following advice to meet the demands of your dissertation and the expectations of your school or department. Consult your supervisor for further guidance; you can also check out Writing Across Subjects guide .

Guide contents

As part of the Writing the Dissertation series, this guide covers the most common expectations for the literature review chapter, giving you the necessary knowledge, tips and guidance needed to impress your markers! The sections are organised as follows:

Getting Started - Defines the literature review and presents a table to help you plan.
Process - Explores choosing a topic, searching for sources and evaluating what you find.
Structure - Presents key principles to consider in terms of structure, with examples to illustrate the concepts.
Research gap - Clarifies what is meant by 'gap' and gives examples of common types of gaps.
What to Avoid - Covers a few frequent mistakes you'll want to...avoid!
FAQs - Answers to common questions about research gaps, literature availability and more.
Checklist - Includes a summary of key points and a self-evaluation checklist.

Training and tools

The Academic Skills team has recorded a Writing the Dissertation workshop series to help you with each section of a standard dissertation, including a video on writing the literature review .
Check out the library's online Literature Review: Research Methods training.
Our literature reviews summary guide provides links to further information and videos.
The dissertation planner tool can help you think through the timeline for planning, research, drafting and editing.
iSolutions offers training and a Word template to help you digitally format and structure your dissertation.

What is the literature review?

The literature review of a dissertation gives a clear, critical overview of a specific area of research. Our main Writing the Dissertation - Overview and Planning guide explains how you can refine your dissertation topic and begin your initial research; the next tab of this guide, 'Process', expands on those ideas. In summary, the process of conducting a literature review usually involves the following:

Conducting a series of strategic searches to identify the key texts within that topic.
Identifying the main argument in each source, the relevant themes and issues presented and how they relate to each other.
Critically evaluating your chosen sources and determining their strengths, weaknesses, relevance and value to your research along with their overall contribution to the broader research field.
Identifying any gaps or flaws in the literature which your research can address.

Literature review as both process and product

Writers should keep in mind that the phrase 'literature review' refers to two related, but distinct, things:

'Literature review' refers, first, to the active process of discovering and assessing relevant literature.
'Literature review' refers, second, to the written product that emerges from the above process.

This distinction is vital to note because every dissertation requires the writer to engage with and consider existing literature (i.e., to undertake the active process ). Research doesn't exist in a void, and it's crucial to consider how our work builds from or develops existing foundations of thought or discovery. Thus, even if your discipline doesn't require you to include a chapter titled 'Literature Review' in your submitted dissertation, you should expect to engage with the process of reviewing literature.

Why is it important to be aware of existing literature?

You are expected to explain how your research fits in with other research in your field and, perhaps, within the wider academic community.
You will be expected to contribute something new, or slightly different, so you need to know what has already been done.
Assessing the existing literature on your topic helps you to identify any gaps or flaws within the research field. This, in turn, helps to stimulate new ideas, such as addressing any gaps in knowledge, or reinforcing an existing theory or argument through new and focused research.

Not all literature reviews are the same. For example, in many subject areas, you are expected to include the literature review as its own chapter in your dissertation. However, in other subjects, the dissertation structure doesn't include a dedicated literature review chapter; any literature the writer has reviewed is instead incorporated in other relevant sections such as the introduction, methodology or discussion.

For this reason, there are a number of questions you should discuss with your supervisor before starting your literature review. These questions are also great to discuss with peers in your degree programme. These are outlined in the table below (see the Word document for a copy you can save and edit):

Dissertation literature review planning table

Literature review: the process

Conducting a literature review requires you to stay organised and bring a systematic approach to your thinking and reading. Scroll to continue reading, or click a link below to jump immediately to that section:

Choosing a topic

The first step of any research project is to select an interesting topic. From here, the research phase for your literature review helps to narrow down your focus to a particular strand of research and to a specific research question. This process of narrowing and refining your research topic is particularly important because it helps you to maintain your focus and manage your material without becoming overwhelmed by sources and ideas.

Try to choose something that hasn’t been researched to death. This way, you stand a better chance of making a novel contribution to the research field.

Conversely, you should avoid undertaking an area of research where little to no work has been done. There are two reasons for this:

Firstly, there may be a good reason for the lack of research on a topic (e.g. is the research useful or worthwhile pursuing?).
Secondly, some research projects, particularly practice-based ones involving primary research, can be too ambitious in terms of their scope and the availability of resources. Aim to contribute to a topic, not invent one!

Searching for sources

Researching and writing a literature review is partly about demonstrating your independent research skills. Your supervisor may have some tips relating to your discipline and research topic, but you should be proactive in finding a range of relevant sources. There are various ways of tracking down the literature relevant to your project, as outlined below.

Make use of Library Search

One thing you don’t want to do is simply type your topic into Google and see what comes up. Instead, use Library Search to search the Library’s catalogue of books, media and articles.

Online training for 'Using databases' and 'Finding information' can be found here . You can also use the Library's subject pages to discover databases and resources specific to your academic discipline.

Engage with others working in your area

As well as making use of library resources, it can be helpful to discuss your work with students or academics working in similar areas. Think about attending relevant conferences and/or workshops which can help to stimulate ideas and allows you to keep track of the most current trends in your research field.

Look at the literature your sources reference

Finding relevant literature can, at times, be a long and slightly frustrating experience. However, one good source can often make all the difference. When you find a good source that is both relevant and valuable to your research, look at the material it cites throughout and follow up any sources that are useful. Also check if your source has been cited in any more recent publications.

Cartoon person with magnifying glass follows footstep patterns. Text reads 'Found a great source? Follow the trail!'

Think of the bibliography/references page of a good source as a series of breadcrumbs that you can follow to find even more great material.

Evaluating sources

It is very important to be selective when choosing the final sources to include in your literature review. Below are some of the key questions to ask yourself:

If a source is tangentially interesting but hasn’t made any particular contribution to your topic, it probably shouldn’t be included in your literature review. You need to be able to demonstrate how it fits in with the other sources under consideration, and how it has helped shape the current state of the literature.
There might be a wealth of material available on your chosen subject, but you need to make sure that the sources you use are appropriate for your assignment. The safest approach to take is to use only academic work from respected publishers. However, on occasions, you might need to deviate from traditional academic literature in order to find the information you need. In many cases, the problem is not so much the sources you use, but how you use them. Where relevant, information from newspapers, websites and even blogs are often acceptable, but you should be careful how you use that information. Do not necessarily take any information as factual. Instead be critical and interpret the material in the context of your research. Consider who the writer is and how this might influence the authority and reliability of the information presented. Consult your supervisor for more specific guidance relating to your research.
The mere fact that something has been published does not automatically guarantee its quality, even if it comes from a reputable publisher. You will need to critique the content of the source. Has the author been thorough and consistent in their methodology? Do they present their thesis coherently? Most importantly, have they made a genuine contribution to the topic?

Keeping track of your sources

Once you have selected a source to use in your literature review, it is useful to make notes on all of its key features, including where it comes from, what it says, and what its main strengths and weaknesses are. This way you can easily re-familiarise yourself with a source without having to re-read it. Keeping an annotated bibliography is one way to do this.

Alternately, below is a table you can copy and fill out for each source (see the Word document to save an editable copy for yourself). Software such as EndNote also allows you to keep an electronic record of references and your comments on them.

Source evaluation table

Writing your literature review

As we explored in the 'Getting Started' tab, the literature review is both a process you follow and (in most cases) a written chapter you produce. Thus, having engaged the review process, you now need to do the writing itself. Please continue reading, or click a heading below to jump immediately to that section.

Guiding principles

The structure of the final piece will depend on the discipline within which you are working as well as the nature of your particular research project. However, here are a few general pieces of advice for writing a successful literature review:

Show the connections between your sources. Remember that your review should be more than merely a list of sources with brief descriptions under each one. You are constructing a narrative. Show clearly how each text has contributed to the current state of the literature, drawing connections between them.
Engage critically with your sources. This means not simply describing what they say. You should be evaluating their content: do they make sound arguments? Are there any flaws in the methodology? Are there any relevant themes or issues they have failed to address? You can also compare their relative strengths and weaknesses.
Signpost throughout to ensure your reader can follow your narrative. Keep relating the discussion back to your specific research topic.
Make a clear argument. Keep in mind that this is a chance to present your take on a topic. Your literature review showcases your own informed interpretation of a specific area of research. If you have followed the advice given in this guide you will have been careful and selective in choosing your sources. You are in control of how you present them to your reader.

There are several different ways to structure the literature review chapter of your dissertation. Two of the most common strategies are thematic structure and chronological structure (the two of which can also be combined ). However you structure the literature review, this section of the dissertation normally culminates in identifying the research gap.

Thematic structure

Variations of this structure are followed in most literature reviews. In a thematic structure , you organise the literature into groupings by theme (i.e., subtopic or focus). You then arrange the groupings in the most logical order, starting with the broadest (or most general) and moving to the narrowest (or most specific).

The funnel or inverted pyramid

To plan a thematic structure structure, it helps to imagine your themes moving down a funnel or inverted pyramid from broad to narrow. Consider the example depicted below, which responds to this research question:

What role did the iron rivets play in the sinking of the Titanic?

The topic of maritime disasters is the broadest theme, so it sits at the broad top of the funnel. The writer can establish some context about maritime disasters, generally, before narrowing to the Titanic, specifically. Next, the writer can narrow the discussion of the Titanic to the ship's structural integrity, specifically. Finally, the writer can narrow the discussion of structural integrity to the iron rivets, specifically. And voila: there's the research gap!

Funnel divided into layers. Layer 1: Research on maritime disasters. Layer 2: Research on the Titanic. Layer 3: Research on structural integrity of Titanic. Layer 4: Role of iron rivets in Titanic sinking. Layer 5: My research.

The broad-to-narrow structure is intuitive for readers. Thus, it is crucial to consider how your themes 'nest inside' one another, from the broad to the narrow. Picturing your themes as nesting dolls is another way to envision this literature review structure, as you can see in the image below.

Five nesting dolls labelled left to right: 1.1 Maritime disasters; 1.2 The Titanic; 1.3 Structural integrity; 1.4 Iron rivets; and 1.5 Research gap.

As with the funnel, remember that the first layer (or in this case, doll) is largest because it represents the broadest theme. In terms of word count and depth, the tinier dolls will warrant more attention because they are most closely related to the research gap or question(s).

The multi-funnel variation

The example above demonstrates a research project for which one major heading might suffice, in terms of outlining the literature review. However, the themes you identify for your dissertation might not relate to one another in such a linear fashion. If this is the case, you can adapt the funnel approach to match the number of major subheadings you will need.

In the three slides below, for example, a structure is depicted for a project that investigates this (fictional) dissertation research question: does gender influence the efficacy of teacher-led vs. family-led learning interventions for children with ADHD? Rather than nesting all the subtopics or themes in a direct line, the themes fall into three major headings.

The first major heading explores ADHD from clinical and diagnostic perspectives, narrowing ultimately to gender:

1.1 ADHD intro
1.2 ADHD definitions
1.3 ADHD diagnostic criteria
1.4 ADHD gender differences

The second major heading explores ADHD within the classroom environment, narrowing to intervention types:

2.1 ADHD in educational contexts
2.2 Learning interventions for ADHD
2.2.1 Teacher-led interventions
2.2.2 Family-led interventions

The final major heading articulates the research gap (gender differences in efficacy of teacher-led vs. family-led interventions for ADHD) by connecting the narrowest themes of the prior two sections.

Multi-funnel literature review structure by Academic Skills Service

To create a solid thematic structure in a literature review, the key is thinking carefully and critically about your groupings of literature and how they relate to one another. In some cases, your themes will fit in a single funnel. In other cases, it will make sense to group your broad-to-narrow themes under several major headings, and then arrange those major headings in the most logical order.

Chronological structure

Some literature reviews will follow a chronological structure . As the name suggests, a review structured chronologically will arrange sources according to their publication dates, from earliest to most recent.

This approach can work well when your priority is to demonstrate how the research field has evolved over time. For example, a chronological arrangement of articles about artificial intelligence (AI) would allow the writer to highlight how breakthroughs in AI have built upon one another in sequential order.

A chronological structure can also suit literature reviews that need to capture how perceptions or understandings have developed across a period of time (including to the present day). For example, if your dissertation involves the public perception of marijuana in the UK, it could make sense to arrange that discussion chronologically to demonstrate key turning points and changes of majority thought.

The chronological structure can work well in some situations, such as those described above. That being said, a purely chronological structure should be considered with caution. Organising sources according to date alone runs the risk of creating a fragmented reading experience. It can be more difficult in a chronological structure to properly synthesize the literature. For these reasons, the chronological approach is often blended into a thematic structure, as you will read more about, below.

Combined structures

The structures of literature reviews can vary drastically, and for any given dissertation there will be many valid ways to arrange the literature.

For example, many literature reviews will combine the thematic and chronological approaches in different ways. A writer might match their major headings to themes or subtopics, but then arrange literature chronologically within the major themes identified. Another writer might base their major headings on chronology, but then assign thematic subheadings to each of those major headings.

When considering your options, try to imagine your reader or audience. What 'flow' will allow them to best follow the discussion you are crafting? When you are reading articles, what structural approaches do you appreciate in terms of ease and clarity?

Identifying the gap

The bulk of your literature review will explore relevant points of development and scholarly thought in your research field: in other words, 'Here is what has been done so far, thus here is where the conversation now stands'. In that way, you position your project within a wider academic discussion.

Having established that context, the literature review generally culminates in an articulation of what remains to be done: the research gap your project addresses. See the next tab for further explanation and examples.

Demystifying the research gap

The term research gap is intimidating for many students, who might mistakenly believe that every single element of their research needs to be brand new and fully innovative. This isn't the case!

The gap in many projects will be rather niche or specific. You might be helping to update or re-test knowledge rather than starting from scratch. Perhaps you have repeated a study but changed one variable. Maybe you are considering a much discussed research question, but with a lesser used methodological approach.

To demonstrate the wide variety of gaps a project could address, consider the examples below. The categories used and examples included are by no means comprehensive, but they should be helpful if you are struggling to articulate the gap your literature review has identified.

***P lease note that the content of the example statements has been invented for the sake of demonstration. The example statements should not be taken as expressions of factual information.

Gaps related to population or geography

Many dissertation research questions involve the study of a specific population. Those populations can be defined by nationality, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, socioeconomic class, political beliefs, religion, health status, or other factors. Other research questions target a specific geography (e.g. a country, territory, city, or similar). Perhaps your broader research question has been pursued by many prior scholars, but few (or no) scholars have studied the question in relation to your focal population or locale: if so, that's a gap.

Example 1: As established above, the correlations between [ socioeconomic status ] and sustainable fashion purchases have been widely researched. However, few studies have investigated the potential relationship between [ sexual identity ] and attitudes toward sustainable fashion. Therefore...
Example 2: Whilst the existing literature has established a clear link between [ political beliefs ] and perceptions of socialized healthcare, the influence of [ religious belief ] is less understood, particularly in regards to [ Religion ABC ].
Example 3: Available evidence confirms that the widespread adoption of Technology XYZ in [ North America ] has improved manufacturing efficiency and reduced costs in the automotive sector. Using predictive AI models, the present research seeks to explore whether deployment of Technology XYZ could benefit the automotive sector of [ Europe ] in similar ways.

Gaps related to theoretical framework

The original contribution might involve examining something through a new lens. Theoretical framework refers, most simply, to the theory or theories a writer will use to make sense of and shape (i.e., frame ) their discussion. Perhaps your topic has been analysed in great detail through certain theoretical lenses, but you intend to frame your analysis using a theory that fewer scholars have applied to the topic: if so, that's a gap.

Example 1: Existing discussions of the ongoing revolution in Country XYZ frame the unrest in terms of [ theory A ] and [ theory B ]. The present research will instead analyse the situation using [ theory C ], allowing greater insight into...
Example 2: In the first section of this literature review, I examined the [ postmodern ], [ Marxist ], and [ pragmatist ] analyses that dominate academic discussion of The World According to Garp. By revisiting this modern classic through the lens of [ queer theory ], I intend to...

Gaps related to methodological approach

The research gap might be defined by differences of methodology (see our Writing the Methodology guide for more). Perhaps your dissertation poses a central question that other scholars have researched, but they have applied different methods to find the answer(s): if so, that's a gap.

Example 1: Previous studies have relied largely upon the [ qualitative analysis of interview transcripts ] to measure the marketing efficacy of body-positive advertising campaigns. It is problematic that little quantitative data underpins present findings in this area. Therefore, I will address this research gap by [ using algorithm XYZ to quantify and analyse social-media interactions ] to determine whether...
Example 2: Via [ quantitative and mixed-methods studies ], previous literature has explored how demographic differences influence the probability of a successful match on Dating App XYZ. By instead [ conducting a content analysis of pre-match text interactions ] on Dating App XYZ, I will...

Scarcity as a gap

Absolutes such as never and always rarely apply in academia, but here is an exception: in academia, a single study or analysis is never enough. Thus, the gap you address needn't be a literal void in the discussion. The gap could instead have to do with replicability or depth/scope. In these cases, you are adding value and contributing to the academic process by testing emerging knowledge or expanding underdeveloped discussions.

Example: Initial research points to the efficacy of Learning Strategy ABC in helping children with dyslexia build their reading confidence. However, as detailed earlier in this review, only four published studies have tested the intervention, and two of those studies were conducted in a laboratory. To expand our growing understanding of how Learning Strategy ABC functions in classroom environments, I will...

Elapsed time as a gap

Academia values up-to-date knowledge and findings, so another valid type of gap relates to elapsed time. Many factors that can influence or shape research findings are ever evolving: technology, popular culture, and political climates, to name just a few. Due to such changes, it's important for scholars in most fields to continually update findings. Perhaps your dissertation adds value by contributing to this process.

For example, imagine if a scholar today were to rely on a handbook of marketing principles published in 1998. As good as that research might have been in 1998, technology (namely, the internet) has advanced drastically since then. The handbook's discussion of online marketing strategies will be laughably outdated when compared to more recent literature.

Example: A wide array of literature has explored the ways in which perceptions of gender influence professional recruitment practices in the UK. The bulk of said literature, however, was published prior to the #MeToo movement and resultant shifts in discourse around gender, power imbalances and professional advancement. Therefore...

What to avoid

This portion of the guide will cover some common missteps you should try to avoid in writing your literature review. Scroll to continue reading, or click a heading below to jump immediately to that section.

Writing up before you have read up

Trying to write your literature review before you have conducted adequate research is a recipe for panic and frustration. The literature review, more than any other chapter in your dissertation, depends upon your critical understanding of a range of relevant literature. If you have only dipped your toe into the pool of literature (rather than diving in!), you will naturally struggle to develop this section of the writing. Focus on developing your relevant bases of knowledge before you commit too much time to drafting.

Believing you need to read everything

As established above, a literature review does require a significant amount of reading. However, you aren't expected to review everything ever written about your topic. Instead, aim to develop a more strategic approach to your research. A strategic approach to research looks different from one project to the next, but here are some questions to help you prioritise:

If your field values up-to-date research and discoveries, carefully consider the 'how' and 'what' before investing time reading older sources: how will the source function in your dissertation, and what will it add to your writing?
Try to break your research question(s) down into component parts. Then, map out where your literature review will need to provide extensive detail and where it can instead present quicker background. Allocate your research time and effort accordingly.

Omitting dissenting views or findings

While reviewing the literature, you might discover authors who disagree with your central argument or whose own findings contradict your hypothesis. Don't omit those sources: embrace them! Remember, the literature review aims to explore the academic dialogue around your topic: disagreements or conflicting findings are often part of that dialogue, and including them in your writing will create a sense of rich, critical engagement. In fact, highlighting any disagreements amongst scholars is a great way to emphasise the relevance of, and need for, your own research.

Miscalculating the scope

As shown in the funnel structure (see 'Structure' tab for more), a literature review often starts broadly and then narrows the dialogue as it progresses, ultimately bringing the reader to the dissertation's specific research topic (e.g. the funnel's narrowest point).

Within that structure, it's common for writers to miscalculate the scope required. They might open the literature review far too broadly, dedicating disproportionate space to developing background information or general theory; alternately, they might rush into the narrowest part of the discussion, failing to develop any sense of surrounding context or background, first.

It takes trial and error to determine the appropriate scope for your literature review. To help with this...

Imagine your literature review subtopics cascading down a stairwell, as in the illustration below.
Place the broadest concepts on the highest steps, then narrow down to the most specific concepts on the lowest steps: the scope 'zooms in' as you move down the stairwell.
Now, consider which step is the most logical starting place for your readers. Do they need to start all the way at the top, or should you 'zoom in'?

Stairwell sloping down with topics written on steps, top to bottom: Feminism; feminist theories; feminist literary theory (FLT); FLT and horror; FLT and Stephen King; FLT and the Stand.

The illustration above shows a stairwell diagram of a dissertation that aims to analyse Stephen King's horror novel The Stand through the lens of a specific feminist literary theory.

If the literature review began on one of the bottom two steps, this would feel rushed and inadequate. The writer needs to explore and define the relevant theoretical lens before they discuss how it has been applied by other scholars.
If the literature review began on the very top step, this would feel comically broad in terms of scope: in this writing context, the reader doesn't require a detailed account of the entire history of feminism!

The third step, therefore, represents a promising starting point: not too narrow, not too broad.

The 'islands' structure

Above all else, a literature review needs to synthesize a range of sources in a logical fashion. In this context, to synthesize means to bring together, connect, weave, and/or relate. A common mistake writers make is failing to conduct such synthesis, and instead discussing each source in isolation. This leads to a disconnected structure, with each source treated like its own little 'island'. The island approach works for very few projects.

Some writers end up with this island structure because they confuse the nature of the literature review with the nature of an annotated bibliography . The latter is a tool you can use to analyse and keep track of individual sources, and most annotated bibliographies will indeed be arranged in a source-by-source structure. That's fine for pre-writing and notetaking, but to structure the literature review, you need to think about connections and overlaps between sources rather than considering them as stand-alone works.

If you are struggling to forge connections between your sources, break down the process into tiny steps:

e.g. Air pollution from wood-burning stoves in homes.
e.g. Bryant and Dao (2022) found that X% of small particle pollution in the United Kingdom can be attributed to the use of wood-burning stoves.
e.g. A study by Williams (2023) reinforced those findings, indicating that small particle pollution has...
e.g. However, Landers (2023) cautions that factor ABC and factor XYZ may contribute equally to poor air quality, suggesting that further research...

The above exercise is not meant to suggest that you can only write one sentence per source: you can write more than that, of course! The exercise is simply designed to help you start synthesizing the literature rather than giving each source the island treatment.

Q: I still don't get it - what's the point of a literature review?

A: Let's boil it down to three key points...

The literature review provides a platform for you, as a scholar, to demonstrate your understanding of how your research area has evolved. By engaging with seminal texts or the most up-to-date findings in your field, you can situate your own research within the relevant academic context(s) or conversation(s).
The literature review allows you to identify the research gap your project addresses: in other words, what you will add to discussions in your academic field.
Finally, the literature review justifies the reason for your research. By exploring existing literature, you can highlight the relevance and purpose of your own research.

Q: What if I don't have a gap?

A: It's normal to struggle with identifying a research gap. This can be particularly true if you are working in a highly saturated research area, broadly speaking: for example, if you are studying the links between nutrition and diabetes, or if you are studying Shakespeare.

Library catalog keyword search for 'diabetes' and 'nutrition', showing about 101,000 results.

The 'What to Avoid' tab explained that miscalculating the scope is a common mistake in literature reviews. If you are struggling to identify your gap, scope might be the culprit, particularly if you are working in a saturated field. Remember that the gap is the narrowest part of the funnel, the smallest nesting doll, the lowest step: this means your contribution in that giant academic conversation will need to be quite 'zoomed in':

This is not a valid gap → Analysing Shakespeare's sonnets.

This might be a valid gap → Conducting an ecocritical analysis of the visual motifs of Shakespeare's final five procreation sonnets (e.g. sonnets number thirteen to seventeen).

In the above example, the revised attempt to articulate a gap 'zooms in' by identifying a particular theoretical lens (e.g. ecocriticism), a specific convention to analyse (e.g. use of visual motifs), and a narrower object (e.g. five sonnets rather than all 150+). The field of Shakespeare studies might be crowded, but there is nonetheless room to make an original contribution.

Conversely, it might be difficult to identify the gap if you are working not in a saturated field, but in a brand new or niche research area. How can you situate your work within a relevant academic conversation if it seems like the 'conversation' is just you talking to yourself?

Library catalog keyword search for 'hippogriffs' and 'anatomy' showing only 2 search results.

In these cases, rather than 'zooming in', you might find it helpful to 'zoom out'. If your topic is niche, think creatively about who will be interested in your results. Who would benefit from understanding your findings? Who could potentially apply them or build upon them? Thinking of this in interdisciplinary terms is helpful for some projects.

Tip: Venn diagrams and mind maps are great ways to explore how your research connects to, and diverges from, the existing literature.

Q: How many references should I use in my literature review?

A: This question is risky to answer because the variations between individual projects and disciplines make it impossible to provide a universal answer. The fact is that one dissertation might have 50 more references than another, yet the two projects could be equally rigorous and successful in fulfilling their research aims.

With that warning in mind, let's consider a 'standard' dissertation of around 10K words. In that context, referencing 30 to 40 sources in your literature review tends to work well. Again, this is not a universally accurate rule, but a ballpark figure for you to contemplate. If the 30 to 40 estimate seems frighteningly high to you, do remember that many sources will be used sparingly rather than being mulled over at length. Consider this example:

In British GP practices, pharmaceutical treatment is most often prescribed for Health Condition XYZ ( Carlos, 2019; Jones, 2020 ; Li, 2022 ). Lifestyle modifications, such as physical exercise or meditation practices, have only recently...

When writing critically, it's important to validate findings across studies rather than trusting only one source. Therefore, this writer has cited three recent studies that agree about the claim being made. The writer will delve into other sources at more length, but here, it makes sense to cite the literature and move quickly along.

As you search the databases and start following the relevant trails of 'research bread crumbs', you will be surprised how quickly your reference list grows.

Q: What if there isn't enough relevant literature on my topic?

A: Think creatively about the literature you are using and engaging with. A good start is panning out to consider your topic more broadly: you might not identify articles that discuss your exact topic, but what can you discover if you shift your focus up one level?

Imagine, for example, that Norah is researching how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to provide dance instruction. She discovers that no one has written about this topic. Rather than panicking, she breaks down her research question into its component parts to consider what research might exist.

First, dance instruction: literature on how dance has traditionally been taught (i.e., not with AI) is still relevant because it will provide background and context. To appreciate the challenges or opportunities that transition to AI instruction might bring, we need to understand the status quo. Norah might also search for articles that analyse how other technological shifts have affected dance instruction: for example, how YouTube popularized at-home dance study, or how live video services like Zoom enabled real-time interaction between dance pupils and teachers despite physical distance.
Next, artificial intelligence used for instruction: Norah can seek out research on, and examples of, the application of AI for instructive purposes. Even if those purposes don't involve dance, such literature can contribute to illustrating the broader context around Norah's project.
Could it be relevant to discuss the technologies used to track an actor's real-life movements and convert them into the motions of a video game character? Perhaps there are parallels!
Could it be relevant to explore research on applications of AI in creative writing and visual art? Could be relevant since dance is also a creative field!

In summary, don't panic if you can't find research on your exact question or topic. Think through the broader context and parallel ideas, and you will soon find what you need.

Q: What if my discipline doesn't require a literature review chapter?

A: This is a great question. Whilst many disciplines dictate that your dissertation should include a chapter called Literature Review , not all subjects follow this convention. Those subjects will still expect you to incorporate a range of external literature, but you will nest the sources under different headings.

For example, some disciplines dictate an introductory chapter that is longer than average, and you essentially nest a miniature literature review inside the introduction, itself. Although the writing is more condensed and falls under a subheading of the introduction, the techniques and principles of writing a literature review (for example, moving from the broad to the narrow) will still prove relevant.

Some disciplines include chapters with names like Background , History , Theoretical Framework , etc. The exact functions of such chapters differ, but they have this in common: reviewing literature. You can't provide a critical background or history without synthesizing external sources. To illustrate your theoretical framework, you need to synthesize a range of literature that defines the theory or theories you intend to use.

Therefore, as stated earlier in this guide, you should be prepared to review and synthesize a range of literature regardless of your discipline. You can tailor the purpose of that synthesis to the structure and demands of writing in your subject area.

Q: Does my literature review need to include every source I plan to use in my discussion chapter?

A: The short answer is 'no' - there are some situations in which it is okay to use a source in your discussion chapter that you didn't integrate into your literature review chapter.

Imagine, for example, that your study produced a surprising result: a finding that you didn't anticipate. To make sense of that result, you might need to conduct additional research. That new research will help you explain the unexpected result in your discussion chapter.

More often, however, your discussion will draw on, or return to, sources from your literature review. After all, the literature review is where you paint a detailed picture of the conversation surrounding your research topic. Thus, it makes sense for you to relate your own work to that conversation in the discussion.

The literature review provides you an opportunity to engage with a rich range of published work and, perhaps for the first time, critically consider how your own research fits within and responds to your academic community. This can be a very invigorating process!

At the same time, it's likely that you will be juggling more academic sources than you have ever used in a single writing project. Additionally, you will need to think strategically about the focus and scope of your work: figuring out the best structure for your literature review might require several rounds of re-drafting and significant edits.

If you are usually a 'dive in without a plan and just get drafting' kind of writer, be prepared to modify your approach if you start to feel overwhelmed. Mind mapping, organising your ideas on a marker board, or creating a bullet-pointed reverse outline can help if you start to feel lost.

Alternately, if you are usually a 'create a strict, detailed outline and stick to it at all costs' kind of writer, keep in mind that long-form writing often calls for writers to modify their plans for content and structure as their work progresses and evolves. It can help such writers to schedule periodic 'audits' of their outlines, with the aim being to assess what is still working and what else needs to be added, deleted or modified.

Here’s a final checklist for writing your literature review. Remember that not all of these points will be relevant for your literature review, so make sure you cover whatever’s appropriate for your dissertation. The asterisk (*) indicates any content that might not be relevant for your dissertation. You can save your own copy of the checklist to edit using the Word document, below.

Literature review self-evaluation checklist

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Dissertation Word Count Breakdown

Dissertation Word Count and Breakdown– How To Follow The Assigned Word Limit Easily? Underwriting or overwriting; are two of the most common errors that students make while composing their dissertations. That is why it is important to know from the beginning how much the dissertation word count of each of the chapters should be. After […]

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Dissertation Word Count and Breakdown– How To Follow The Assigned Word Limit Easily?

Underwriting or overwriting; are two of the most common errors that students make while composing their dissertations..

That is why it is important to know from the beginning how much the dissertation word count of each of the chapters should be. After you have the details of the word count of each of the sections, you can then design your schedule accordingly.

The dissertation word limit is allotted by the university where you study and the Master’s Dissertation word count may vary from the undergraduate dissertation word count or the Ph.D. dissertation word count.

Mostly the dissertation word length is between 10,000 words to 15,000 words but some may even go up to the level of 30,000 words.

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But despite the total dissertation word count allotted, the main problem begins when students have to break down that word ratio into the headings of the dissertation . Here they make the common error of writing more words for a section that can be explained in less count and less count for a section that deserves more words.

So what is the solution to that problem?

Well, there are many online dissertation word count breakdown calculator websites available that can help you in that aspect. One advantage that they have is that they give an option to select degree level and word count is given accordingly.

However, a disadvantage that they serve is that not all of those calculators may be accurate.

So what to do now?

Navigating the complexity of dissertation word count.

If you’re wrestling with the intricacies of managing your dissertation word count, you’re not alone. Online tools and calculators, such as our dissertation word count breakdown calculator, aim to simplify this process. However, the accuracy of these tools can vary, underscoring the importance of choosing a reliable platform.

Choosing Accuracy for Your Dissertation Word Count

When exploring solutions for your dissertation word count, it’s essential to prioritize accuracy. Our online calculator stands out by allowing you to select your degree level, offering a tailored and more precise estimation of your word count.

Understanding the Dissertation Word Count Breakdown

For a more detailed breakdown based on a 10,000-word limit, let’s delve deeper into the word count allocation for each section of your dissertation:

Introduction (10% – 1000 words):

The introduction lays the groundwork for your dissertation, addressing the ‘whys’ behind your research. Dedicate 10% of your word count, equivalent to 1000 words, to this crucial section.

Literature Review (25% – 2500 words):

Analyzing past issues, the literature review is a substantial component, constituting 25% of your total word count, translating to 2500 words.

Methodology (15-20% – 1500 to 2000 words):

Answering the ‘how’ of your research, the methodology section encompasses 15-20% of your word count, ranging from 1500 to 2000 words.

Data Presentation (15% – 1500 words):

Presenting collected data, this section occupies 15% of your word count, totaling 1500 words.

Discussion, Analysis, And Data Interpretation (15-20% – 1500 to 2000 words):

Offering insights into your findings, this segment covers 15-20% of your word count, spanning from 1500 to 2000 words.

Summary, Conclusion, And Recommendations (15% – 1500 words):

Concluding your dissertation, this final section constitutes 15% of your entire dissertation or 1500 words.

Strategizing Your Dissertation Word Count

By adhering to the prescribed word count percentages for each section, you can efficiently manage your dissertation. This structured approach ensures that you allocate the appropriate word count to each vital component, facilitating a well-organized and coherent dissertation.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you’re ready to streamline your dissertation word count management, consider using our dissertation word count breakdown calculator. For personalized assistance, feel free to reach out to our expert team . We’re here to help you navigate the challenges of dissertation writing and ensure your success. Don’t let the word count complexities hold you back—empower your dissertation journey today!

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Further help

What is different about dissertation research?

Where should i start, what is a literature review, why are literature reviews important, what is a literature search, should i conduct a ‘systematic review’, can i get help with researching my dissertation.

The research process for your dissertation requires a different approach from that you'll have used during your taught modules. Rather than being guided to relevant sources by a lecturer, you’re responsible for finding, selecting, evaluating and managing all your research sources. You'll be using many more sources than you'll have consulted for smaller pieces of assessed work, and perhaps different types of information from those you've used previously, so you need to think carefully about your approach to your information gathering and management activities.

If you're unsure where to start, then some background reading should help you get underway. Start by looking at broad themes and topics of interest, viewing sources like textbooks, subject dictionaries and encyclopaedias which examine larger fundamental concepts, before narrowing your search to look for specific research in your area of study. If you find some really useful material, such as relevant articles or books, you can mine these for all sorts of other useful related sources. For example:

Has the author written additional material on the topic?
Does the work have useful keywords or subject terms you can use for further research?
Does the work have references or a bibliography you can use to explore related material?

A literature review summarises and analyses the literature you've found through your research. In a literature review, the literature itself is the subject of discussion. The aim of a literature review is to demonstrate that you’ve read, and have a good grasp of, the main published material concerning a particular topic or question in your field. A literature review isn’t a straightforward summary of everything you’ve read on a topic. It’s an evaluative analysis of what’s been discovered in your field. The review should describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify this literature. Research and Writing Skills for Dissertations and Projects is a UCL Moodle course available to all UCL students and looks at the skills associated with researching and writing an extended piece of work. Module 4 focuses on the literature review process.

When academics and industry professionals conduct research, they usually publish the work in books, journal articles and conference proceedings. For the most part, this is the 'literature' you need to find and review. A literature review sets the scene for your work. It places your research in context and shows how it relates to and builds upon the work of others. It’s also your chance to tell people why your work matters, why it’s relevant, and how it contributes original research to your field. Importantly, a literature review helps you find out how to do research. It shows which research methods have worked in the past and which ones haven’t. This can be a big help when planning your own research strategy.

For your dissertation, you’re likely to need to perform a literature search. A literature search is a well-thought-out, organised search and evaluation of literature available on a topic. A well-structured literature search is an effective and efficient way to locate sound evidence on the subject you're researching. 'Literature' can include journal articles, newspaper articles, official publications, conference proceedings, archives, book chapters, etc. View the literature searching page on this guide for further details about planning your search, common search techniques and developing a search strategy.

Systematic reviews are a type of literature review that follow a very rigorous and systematic searching, screening and analysis process. You can find out more about the process on our guide to systematic reviews . Usually a systematic review addresses a focused, structured research question to inform understanding on a particular topic and often to support evidence-based decision-making in that area. To do a full systematic review can be an extremely time-consuming process and requires a lot of resources, but you may want to incorporate some similar methodology, such as systematic approaches to literature searching or data analysis, without necessarily carrying out a full review. This can be considered to be a systematic style review, or a “light” systematic review.

Your Subject Liaison Librarian or Site Library can provide support for your dissertation through their subject guides which offer guidance on accessing quality academic resources. Send them an email for personalised support or book a one-to-one appointment .

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2024 6:08 PM
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Guide For 15000 Words Dissertation Structure

Posted on September 28, 2021

The Dissertation Component

Masters showed certificate programs incorporate accommodation of a dissertation which might be the composed yield of a viable or investigational project. Students should utilize the experience and direction of staff individuals and plan their advancement through the Dissertation with staff assistance, particularly the director.

The Dissertation is discernable from surveyed courses by the more noteworthy profundity of examination, analysis, understanding, and investigation illustrated. Masters students are not relied upon to investigate their work as thoroughly as a higher exploration degree is ordinary. Students, administrators and analysts ought to know that the masters dissertation is essentially an educating, learning and analyzing medium, not a vehicle for introducing examination results to the public and friends. The Dissertation might change in the expansiveness of inclusion; however, it should have an unmistakable concentration with quantifiable targets and limits, feasible in the time and word limit accessible. The overall significance of hypothetical and investigational content additionally changes. A few projects expect students to direct essential experimental work; others don’t. Investigational work should add something to the review which isn’t accessible in writing and be sensible since time is running short and assets accessible.

Suppose you have questions or worries about the dissertation interaction, the distribution of management, or the degree of help you are getting during the writing of your oversight. In that case, you should contact your Program Director/Subject Officer.

Dissertation Supervision

Bosses are regularly chosen because they have mastery in the field or subject picked for the Dissertation and are accessible and able to help the student during the time of the study. Explicit aptitude may not generally be accessible for all dissertation themes; however, broad ability in the wide space of the Dissertation usually is satisfactory for a Masters dissertation. Students and managers are relied upon to concur a schedule in writing; this will determine what focuses student and boss will be in touch with. There ought to be at least 3 management gatherings held during the dissertation time frame.

A short composed proposition or idea note ought to be ready ahead of your first gathering with your administrator, demonstrating the points and legitimization of the Dissertation, detailed exploration questions, writing and insightful work to be covered and a temporary layout of part titles and sub-headings. There ought to likewise be a composed arrangement or plan demonstrating how the work will be embraced and recognizing basic focuses when the director and student should meet or, in any case, be in touch with one another.

Students have the liabilities to meet their chiefs consistently and to deliver material at concurred times. Students encountering hardships in gathering with managers, or other staff individuals, should contact the Program Director/Subject Officer right away.

Administrators have to react speedily and fittingly by making useful ideas both at the arranging stage and because of the submitted material. The obligation regarding the scholarly nature of the Dissertation is, at last, the student’s separated from everyone else.

Students ought to be mindful that an administrator’s endorsement and the accompanying of the exhortation and direction of the chief convey no assurance of achievement at assessment. Any such endorsing or directing remarks can’t establish the reason for ensuing allure.

Students ought to know about the specific significance of recognizing crafted by others and avoid plagiarism.

Students ought to consistently reach out to their dissertation manager and additionally Program Director when any issues arise.

Dissertation Submission

Printed duplicates of the Dissertation are not needed. Students should present their Dissertation electronically only using Learn no later than 4 pm on Thursday twelfth August 2021, except if you have gotten affirmation of an elective cutoff time from the School. You should check the Learn site to affirm your cutoff time and any direction explicit to your program. You ought to present the Dissertation to the pertinent drop enclose Learn. Kindly guarantee that you incorporate your assessment number for the sake of the report that you transfer to Learn. You should finish a Declaration of Own Work on Learning before you want to get to the dissertation dropbox, so make sure to permit time for this before the cutoff time.

Each work ought to be made to stick to cutoff times. In case of late accommodation, the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures maintains the University’s standard punishment for late accommodation of coursework.

On the off chance that uncommon conditions forestall you fulfilling the time constraint, you ought to apply online for an expansion before the cutoff time.

Word Count

The Dissertation will be 15,000 words for most projects; nonetheless, a few projects have varieties in word counts, so you should follow the bearings of your Program Director if you have been given a dissertation length other than 15,000 words. The School doesn’t allow an edge of 10% one or the other way. Extraordinary consent is needed from the Program Director, in dissertation writing that stretch out past the expressed word limit. The word count for dissertations excludes the list of sources, cover sheet, theoretical (whenever required) or supplements; the word count incorporates in-text references, tables of substance, citations, commentaries, rundown of figures, subtitles, etc. any remaining components of your submitted Dissertation.

Dissertation Formatting

Since the dissertations are checked secretly, it is fundamental that you guarantee that your name doesn’t appear in the Dissertation.

You should exclude any affirmations as these might think twice about the obscurity of the stamping system.
For your report settings, use A4 paper size with standard edges and a 12-point text style, ideally Times or Garamond; twofold space and page number the whole record. Fundamentally, line dispersing is 1.5, aside from sonnets, which ought to be single divided.
You ought to incorporate a cover sheet (gave on Learn).
In-text cites under 40 words need to show up in rearranged commas followed by their reference. Any statement above 40 words ought to be introduced as indented statements, without modified commas, in-text style 11, trailed by the reference.
On the off chance that you reworded a researcher’s idea, you need to give the reference in sections in-text.
To ease cross-referencing inside your Dissertation, if it’s not too much trouble, number the lines on your ST and TT if you decide to do interpretation and editorial.
Spell-check and language structure take a look at the Dissertation. In case this isn’t adequate to create comprehensible and exact English, have your Dissertation proofread. If you have decided to compose an interpretation and editorial, just the analysis can be proofread.
Except if you are given explicit guidance else, you are free to utilize British or American spelling as long as the picked spelling is applied efficiently and reliably all through your work.
A program might have a required referencing style; kindly counsel your director or individual coach to check whether a specific referencing style is required. For the most part, something else suggested referencing framework is Harvard; be that as it may, you are permitted and are allowed to utilize another framework (like MLA) as long as it is applied methodically and reliably all through your Dissertation.

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How Many Words Per Section in a 15000 Words Dissertation?
15000 Words Dissertation Structure: Before structuring the dissertation, the students should have enough idea that a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing divided into different components. There is also a specific word count percentage of these components of the dissertation. Based on this word count percentage of other dissertation ...
Dissertation Structure & Layout 101 (+ Examples)
Time to recap…. And there you have it - the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows: Title page. Acknowledgments page. Abstract (or executive summary) Table of contents, list of figures and tables.
Guide For 15000 Words Dissertation
15000 Words Dissertation Structure: Some fundamental tips around 15000 words dissertation structure are clarified underneath; Before organizing the dissertation, the understudies ought to think that a dissertation is an extended piece of composing and is partitioned into various parts. There is likewise a particular word count level of these ...
15000 Words Dissertation
The word count and structure of a 15,000-word dissertation should be adjusted according to subject, institution, and guidelines. A general structure for a 15000 words dissertation has shown above with all characteristics. Review the guidelines provided by the institution and the supervisor. Breaking down the word count for each section can help ...
Researching and Writing a Masters Dissertation
This guide covers how to structure a Masters dissertation, word count, how the work is assessed and what you should expect from your dissertation supervisor. ... 15,000 - 20,000 words: Structure: Abstract (300 words) Introduction (1,000 words) Literature review (1,000 words) Research methodology (1,500 words) Results. Discussion (12,000 words ...
How to Write a Dissertation
The structure of a dissertation depends on your field, but it is usually divided into at least four or five chapters (including an introduction and conclusion chapter). The most common dissertation structure in the sciences and social sciences includes: An introduction to your topic. A literature review that surveys relevant sources.
Dissertation & Thesis Outline
Example 1: Passive construction. The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise. Example: Passive construction.
Perfecting Dissertation Structure: A Step-by-Step Guide
Writing a dissertation is a significant challenge for many students, especially when it comes to structuring the document effectively. Without a proper structure, a dissertation can become confusing and fail to convey the intended message. In this blog, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide to dissertation structure.
Write a dissertation
Anglia Business School (Cambridge, UK) requires its students to produce a dissertation of maximum 8,000 words, which should demonstrate: Evidence of scholarly research, which can be empirical (i.e. consciously obtained through surveys etc.) or library-based. Evidence of independent thought. Interpretation of evidence - mere description is not ...
How to Structure a Dissertation
The dissertation will be structured such that it starts with an introduction, develops on the main idea in its main body paragraphs and is then summarised in conclusion. However, if you are basing your dissertation on primary or empirical research, you will be required to include each of the below components.
Free Dissertation & Thesis Template (Word Doc & PDF)
Download Grad Coach's comprehensive dissertation and thesis template for free. Fully editable - includes detailed instructions and examples. ... The template's structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice ... specific requirements, so it's best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 ...
Writing the Dissertation
Guide contents. As part of the Writing the Dissertation series, this guide covers the most common conventions found in a methodology chapter, giving you the necessary knowledge, tips and guidance needed to impress your markers! The sections are organised as follows: Getting Started - Defines the methodology and its core characteristics.; Structure - Provides a detailed walk-through of common ...
How Many Words In A Dissertation? [A Word Count Guide]
Most dissertations have a word count of between 10,000 and 15,000 words, ... and give a general summary of the dissertation's structure in these 1000 words. Literature Review: 3000 Words. A dissertation's literature review chapter makes up 30% of the entire document.
The Literature Review
Guide contents. As part of the Writing the Dissertation series, this guide covers the most common expectations for the literature review chapter, giving you the necessary knowledge, tips and guidance needed to impress your markers! The sections are organised as follows: Getting Started - Defines the literature review and presents a table to help you plan.
Dissertation Word Count Breakdown
Underwriting or overwriting; are two of the most common errors that students make while composing their dissertations. Mostly the dissertation word length is between 10,000 words to 15,000 words but some may even go up to the level of 30,000 words. Place your dissertation order now and avail 30% discount this is a limited-time offer.
How Many Words is a Dissertation? 10000 or 15000?
The structure of a 15,000-word dissertation is as follows: Masters. Generally, a masters dissertation is 15,000 to 20,000 words long. Although the word count changes but the weightage remain similar. For a 20,000 word dissertation, the breakup would be as follows: PhD.
FAQs
For your dissertation, you're likely to need to perform a literature search. A literature search is a well-thought-out, organised search and evaluation of literature available on a topic. A well-structured literature search is an effective and efficient way to locate sound evidence on the subject you're researching. 'Literature' can include ...
Guide For 15000 Words Dissertation Structure
The Dissertation will be 15,000 words for most projects; nonetheless, a few projects have varieties in word counts, so you should follow the bearings of your Program Director if you have been given a dissertation length other than 15,000 words. The School doesn't allow an edge of 10% one or the other way. Extraordinary consent is needed from ...
15000 Dissertation Structure
We suggest you use our work as a study aid and not as finalized material. Order a personalized assignment to study from. 100% Success rate. 100% Success rate. 4.7 (3244 reviews) Dr.Jeffrey (PhD) #4 in Global Rating. 15000 Dissertation Structure -.
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How Many Words Per Section in a 15000 Words Dissertation?

15000 Words Dissertation Structure:

Dissertation Introduction:

Dissertation Literature Review:

Dissertation Research Methodology:

Dissertation Result Section:

Analysis or Discussion Section:

Conclusion:

References:

Guide For 15000 Words Dissertation

15000 Words Dissertation Structure:

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15000 Words Dissertation – Word count Breakdown and Structure

What Is A Dissertation?

Dissertation Structure For 15000 Words Count;

1) Introduction (about 10% of the word count):

2) Literature Review (about 30% of the word count):

3) Methodology (about 15% of the word count):

4) Results (about 5% of the word count):

5) Discussion (about 30% of the word count):

6) Conclusion (about 10% of the word count):

7) References:

Word Count Breakdown of a 15000 Words Dissertation;

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Disciplines for 15000 Words Count Dissertation;

Dissertation Topics with 15000 Word Count – Examples

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Table of contents

Example 1: Passive construction

Example 2: IS-AV construction

Example 3: The I construction

Example 4: Mix-and-match

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Dissertation Structure - Expert Writing Tips and Examples

How to Structure a Dissertation?

Title/Cover Page

Table of Contents

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Bibliography

Dissertation Examples

Dissertation Writing Tips

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How to Structure a Dissertation – A Step by Step Guide

How to Structure a Dissertation or Thesis

Parts of a Dissertation or Thesis

Acknowledgements

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Table of Contents

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