ugc phd submission guidelines 2022

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Explained | New regulations for awarding PhDs 

Jagriti chandra.

The story so far: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has made sweeping changes in its latest regulations governing the award of PhDs. Important changes such as abolishing of MPhils, relaxing course work for obtaining PhDs and allowing candidates to register for a PhD after finishing four years of a graduation programme, have been seen as steps that could lead to diminishing academic rigour as well as impediments to inclusivity in higher education.

What are the key changes?

The UGC on November 7, 2022 notified the University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022. One of the notable changes it made was to the evaluation and assessment criteria for the award of the degree, where it has waived the need to mandatorily publish a research paper in a peer-reviewed journal. This is accompanied by completely abolishing MPhil, which has been a gateway for PhD programmes, in line with the recommendation in the National Education Policy 2020. The eligibility criteria for admissions too have been revised, and a candidate can register after completing a one-year (or two semester) master’s degree programme after a four-year (or 8-semester) bachelor’s degree programme or a two-year (or four-semester) master’s degree programme after a three-year bachelor’s degree programme with at least 55% marks or its equivalent grade.

There are also important changes to course work. Earlier, the description of course work candidates needed to finish was more detailed, with at least four credits assigned to courses on research methodology. Candidates were also required to finish this either in the first semester, or by the second semester. Only candidates who were awarded MPhil or had completed their MPhil were exempted. But the new regulations leave it more open ended and says that all PhD scholars “shall be required to train in teaching/ education/ pedagogy/ writing related to their chosen PhD subject.” They can also now be assigned 4-6 hours per week of teaching/research assistantship for conducting tutorial, or laboratory work and evaluations.

The UGC now also allows part-time PhDs, a practice that was disallowed under the 2009 and 2016 regulations.

How will research scholars be evaluated under the new regulations?

PhD scholars will be required to undertake research work after completing their course work, make a presentation and produce a draft dissertation or thesis. If the evaluation of the submission is satisfactory, the candidate will have to defend the thesis in a public viva voce. They will not have to publish a research paper in refereed journal and make two paper presentations in conferences or seminars before submitting the thesis. The Chairman of UGC M. Jagadesh Kumar says that while publishing a paper in a peer-reviewed journal is not mandatory anymore in order to curb unethical practices such as pay-to-publish or plagiarism, students should be motivated and trained to publish in peer-reviewed journals and present at conferences. He says that a one-size-fits-all approach is not desirable as doctorals in computer science prefer presenting their papers at conferences rather than publishing them in journals. Former UGC Chairman and Ambedkarite, Sukhdaeo Thorat, welcomed the move to discontinue publishing papers in journals as it would often lead poor candidates to pay to get published like their peers, as well as put them at a disadvantage as they wouldn’t have contacts to get published. However, Jamia Milia Islamia Professor Furqan Qamar says that while these concerns are valid, there is a need to provide enhanced and cost-effective opportunities to the researcher to publish as there is a limited availability of quality journals but far more researchers. He cites from the Scopus database of scientific publications for 2020 to point out that India accounted for only 4.52% of total research papers in the world though it accounts for 12% of the global faculty pool.

Are there other concerns?

Experts like Professor Thorat say that discontinuing MPhils, along with the introduction of four-year BA course and 2-year MA course with multiple exits will hurt socially disadvantaged groups who may not be able to pay for longer-duration courses and may have to exit earlier, which will put them at a disadvantage in the job market. He adds that while a four-year Bachelors course will allow some students to pursue Masters abroad without studying for one more year, others will be discriminated against. Though UGC says the move is intended to attract younger students for research.

There are also concerns over diminishing scholarships and fellowships to support PhD scholars as well as severe shortage of teachers, impacting the number of research supervisors available.

“Until the 2009 regulations were notified, the award of PhDs, their evaluation, course-work was not regulated. Part-time PhDs were also widely prevalent. In 2016, these were strengthened and publishing a paper in peer-reviewed journals was made mandatory. However, the changes being brought in the latest regulations take us back to the pre-2009 era,” says Professor Qamar.

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UGC amends rules for PhD admissions

I n a landmark decision made by the University Grants Commission (UGC), aspirants for PhD admission will not be required to take university entrance exams.

The UGC has declared that beginning with the academic year 2024-25, PhD students will be given admission based on their National Eligibility Test (NET) scores.

The UGC Council approved new guidelines for PhD admissions under the National Education Policy (NEP)-2020. According to these guidelines, NET qualifiers will be eligible for three categories. Students with the highest NET scores will be placed in Category 1.

They will also be eligible for the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), an assistant professorship, and PhD admission and fellowship.

They would have to give an interview for PhD admission, which will be based on UGC regulations 2022.

Following that, students with the highest percentage will be placed in the second group. These students will be considered for assistant professorship and PhD admissions.

Students who pass the exam but with a lower percentage will be placed in category 3. The candidate’s rank will be included in the final result certificate.

“For PhD admission, the net percentage of candidates in categories 2 and 3 will be considered for 70% weightage, while the interview will be weighted at 30%. The NET score in both categories will be valid for one year only, and if they do not participate in the PhD programme within that time frame, they will be ineligible for it. According to the circular released by UGC on Thursday, the candidate would have to retake the NET examination.

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UGC amends PhD admission norms; Details here

New Delhi: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has revised the rules for admission to PhD programmes by including an entrance test for admission, apart from qualification through the existing National Eligibility Test (NET).

Holders of four-year undergraduate degrees with a minimum CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of 7.5 will be eligible for admission to PhD programmes, according to revised norms proposed by the University Grants Commision (UGC).

In its latest draft of amendments to the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of Ph.D Degree) Regulations, 2016, the UGC has also proposed to reserve 60% of the available seats for National Eligibility Test (NET)/ Junior Research Fellowship (NET-JRF) qualified candidates in all higher education institutions.

The draft UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of Ph.D. Degree) Regulations, 2022, was approved during the 556th commission meeting held on March 10. HT has reviewed a copy of the document. The changes are in line with the National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP 2020).

The draft regulations are likely to be released for public suggestions on Thursday, said UGC officials familiar with the development.

According to the document, while there will be a status quo in terms of the procedure of admissions, the draft guidelines revised the eligibility criteria after the discontinuation of MPhil degree under NEP 2020, and introduction of four-year undergraduate programmes (FYUP).

Under the NEP 2020, universities and colleges will now offer 4-year undergraduate degrees with multiple exit and entry options. Several universities, including the Jawaharlal Nehru University and Delhi University, have already decided to adopt these programmes from this year. After completing a four-year degree programme, the students will receive honours with a research undergraduate degree.

According to the new proposed norms, candidates having a four-year bachelor’s degree with research with minimum 7.5 CGPA will be eligible for admission to PhD programmes, along with first and second year post graduate students (after completing a four-year programme).

Besides, candidates who have cleared M.Phil with at least 55% marks in aggregate will continue to remain eligible. “The MPhil degree shall be de-specified from the Academic year 2022-23 onwards. MPhil degree awarded till the date of notification of these regulations shall remain valid,” the document stated.

The document further stated that 60% of the total vacant seats of the academic year shall be filled from NET/JRF qualified students. “The remaining 40% through the university/common entrance test qualified students on the basis of interviews conducted by the concerned institute,” it said.

Presently, there is no such fixed criteria for universities and colleges. NET/JRF qualified students do not have to appear for an entrance test and are admitted on the basis of viva (spoken examinations) or interviews. Others have to undergo the test and the weightage assigned against interview/viva is 70:30.

Under the amended regulations, the minimum duration for completion of PhD has been revised from three years to two years while the maximum duration remained unchanged at six years. The UGC has also provided for leaves for research scholars to undertake research expeditions, research missions, and exchange programmes.

The proposed regulations also extend a 5% relaxation in eligibility criteria to the economically weaker sections (EWS). The document further stressed on the areas of research and recommended that topics that are “socially relevant, locally need-based,and nationally important” to adding value to society should be encouraged.

Several amendments have been proposed in the role and obligations of research supervisors and co-supervisors, the biggest of them being that they will be allowed to guide two international students on a supernumerary basis

Besides, under the amended regulations, the quality assessment of PhD degrees should be the responsibility of higher education institutions and they will be free to evolve guidelines in this regard.

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UGC simplifies hurdles in PhD admission, introduces new criteria

New Delhi: The UGC has notified the criteria for PhD admission, including that for the entry of those who have passed the four-year combined degree course with 75% marks. It also removed the condition that, for awarding a PhD, the candidate should publish the findings in various journals.

The UGC criteria make it clear that there will not be an MPhil degree from now onwards. The new conditions come into being in the place of the 2016 criteria.

People’s views were sought on the draft amendment in March. The draft proposal to reserve 60% of the research seats in higher education institutions for the NET and JRF awardees was given up in the last phase. The current mode of admission will continue.

PhD: UGC revises eligibility, admission & evaluation norms

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For PhD admission Pass the four-year combined degree course with 75% marks. If the mark is less, the candidate should pass the one-year PG course with 55% marks. Those who have completed the three-year UG course and passed the PG course with 55% marks can also apply. There is a concession of 5% for SC/ST, OBC, differently-abled, and economically backward sections. Those who have passed their MPhil with 55% marks can also apply.

Course period The course period will be a minimum of three years, including coursework, and a maximum of six years. There is a concession of two more years for differently-abled and girl students. Girls can avail of a maximum of eight months of leave for delivery and infant care.

Part-time Professionals will be allowed to undertake part-time research. The consent letter from the employer should be produced for the purpose. The letter should make clear that leave would be granted, including for completing coursework.

Research guide Teachers who have less than three years for retirement won’t have permission to allow new students to join. Professors can allow a maximum of eight students, associate professors six students, and assistant professors four students.

The condition that the research details have to be published in international journals will not be applied henceforth. That doesn’t mean that PhD students should entirely avoid it. Those who do high-quality research should always try to publish their findings.

M Jagadesh Kumar, UGC Chairman

In the case of the PhD of students currently registered, the 2016 criteria or the new conditions can be applied. Those who study for the MPhil course will not be covered by the new criteria.

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No More Multiple Exams For PhD Admissions, UGC Makes NET Scores Mandatory

The NET result will be announced in percentile along with the marks obtained by each candidate, facilitating their use for PhD admission.

NET marks obtained by candidates will remain valid for one year for PhD admissions.

In a significant move aimed at streamlining the process of PhD admissions, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has declared that scores obtained in the National Eligibility Test (NET) will be accepted starting academic session 2024-25. This decision comes as a relief to students who previously had to go through multiple entrance exams conducted by various universities for PhD admissions.

Following recommendations from an expert committee, the university body made this decision in the 578th meeting held on March 13.

The NET, conducted biannually in June and December, serves the dual purpose of awarding Junior Research Fellowships (JRF) and selecting Assistant Professors among master's degree holders.

Under the new directive, from June 2024 onwards, UGC NET qualified candidates will now be eligible for PhD admissions in three categories:

• Admission to PhD with JRF and appointment as assistant Professor.
• Admission to PhD without JRF and appointment as assistant professor.
• Admission to PhD programme only and not for the award of JRF or appointment as assistant professor.

UGC chairman Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar said, "From the academic session 2024-2025, all universities can use NET scores for admission to PhD programmes, replacing the need for separate entrance tests conducted by individual universities or Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs)".

"NTA is working on launching the NET application process for the June 2024 session sometime next week," he added.

From the academic session 2024-2025, all universities can use NET score for admission to PhD programmes in place of entrance tests conducted by the different universities/HEIs. NTA is working on launching the NET application process for June 2024 session sometime next week. pic.twitter.com/IVzKgu56gB — Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar (@mamidala90) March 27, 2024

According to the University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022, candidates who qualify for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) undergo an interview for admission into PhD programmes.

For students falling under Categories 2 and 3, PhD admissions will consider 70 per cent weightage for test scores and 30 per cent weightage for the interview. Admission to PhD programmes will be determined by the combined merit of NET marks and interview/viva voce performance.

NET marks obtained by candidates in Categories 2 and 3 will remain valid for one year for PhD admissions.

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The JRF-qualified students are admitted into the PhD programme based on an interview as per the University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022.

"For students qualifying under Categories 2 and 3, 70 per cent weightage will be assigned to test scores, while 30 per cent will be allocated to the interview for PhD admission. The admission process will be determined by the combined merit of NET marks and interview/viva voce performance. NET marks attained by candidates in Categories 2 and 3 will remain valid for one year for admission to PhD," the university body specified in an official release.

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PhD admission: New UGC guidelines to be implemented from 2022-23

New guidelines of university grants commission (ugc) for phd scholars would be implemented in allahabad university (au) from academic session 2022-23.

New guidelines of University Grants Commission (UGC) for PhD scholars would be implemented in Allahabad University (AU) from academic session 2022-23.

Since, AU would be holding admissions for the PhD courses against the vacant seats at the main campus and its constituent colleges for the academic session 2021-22, the UGC guidelines for PhD aspirants who haven’t cleared National Eligibility Test (NET) or aren’t eligible for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) won’t be implemented at AU.

Once the guidelines are implemented, AU like other universities, would have to reserve 60 percent of the vacant seats of PhD courses for candidates who have passed NET or have bagged JRF, AU officials said.

The remaining 40 percent seats will be filled by conducting Combined Research Entrance Test (CRET). The UGC has sent a proposal to all the central universities and AU has started making the necessary preparation, said AU officials.

“According to the guidelines issued by the UGC for admission to PhD courses at AU, NET and JRF qualified candidates will be given due reservation in PhD admission from academic session 2022-23,” said public relation officer (PRO), prof Jaya Kapoor.

Presently the admission process for the academic session 2021-22 through CRET-2021 at AU has commenced. So, admission in this session will be done the same way as was done in previous years.

The last date of application is May 16. Admission will be given against 614 vacant seats of 41 subjects. Of these, 227 seats are at AU and 387 seats are in constituent colleges. The maximum number of 62 seats is in department of Chemistry. At the same time, there are no seats in Urdu, Persian, Agriculture Botany and Rural Technology. Through CRET, admission will be given in PhD in AU, CMP degree College, Allahabad degree College, Iswar Saran Degree College, Jagat Taran Girls Degree College, SS Khanna Degree College, Arya Kanya Degree College, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Government Degree College and Ewing Christian College (ECC).

NET-JRF qualified students will also have to appear in the level one of the CRET for admission to PhD courses for the academic session 2021 at AU. In level-II i.e. interview, a weightage of three additional marks will be given to NET and five marks to JRF candidates, officials said.

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UGC extends deadline for PhD/MPhil thesis submission for the fifth time. Here's what's different

In some relief for PhD students whose research has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has now approved an extension of six months beyond June 30, 2022, for the submission of their MPhil or PhD thesis. 

The UGC has been granting these extensions for students to submit their thesis ever since the pandemic first broke in 2020. The first extension of six months was given in June 2020 and has been further extended ever since. The last extension was in December 2021, making this latest announcement the fifth such extension since June 2020.

The extension this time will be awarded to students after a review of their work by the respective educational institutions on a "case-to-case" basis, said UGC Chairman M Jagadesh Kumar in a statement on Twitter. The UGC, in its notice, said that the students' work will be reviewed by the Research Advisory Committee and the extension would be granted on the recommendation of the supervisor and the Head of the Department to which the student belongs. 

In view of lost time during COVID period, UGC approves that HEIs may give an extension of up to six months beyond 30 June 2022 for M.Phil./PhD. thesis submission on case-to-case basis after a review of student's work. pic.twitter.com/w1Ch20wmvb — Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar (@mamidala90) May 9, 2022

The extension has been demanded by student representatives vehemently. In April this year, a delegation of the Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union (JNUSU) visited the UGC office to discuss a host of issues, among which the extension of the deadline for submission of the thesis was one. The UGC had said then that they were not against the extension but that the matter was under discussion. 

The All India Other Backward Classes Students Association (AIOBCSA) had written a letter to the UGC Chairman on April 14, 2022, requesting an extension of one year in order to "help students produce quality research work that will have a direct impact on the university's academic excellence". They had said that students were under extreme pressure to complete their work due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and that the subsequent lockdowns had affected their lab and fieldwork.

While the AIOBCSA welcomed the six-month extension, they criticised the lack of universality in its application. "A case-to-case basis clause is a problematic approach because it leaves the possibility of the extension on the guide and the Head of the Department. There is a chance that some of them might reject genuine cases also. Universal application of the extension might have helped all research scholars who are in need," said National President for AIOBCSA, Kiran Kumar.

ABVP welcomes UGC decision of allowing further extension of up to 6 months for thesis submission of M.Phil./PhD scholars because of lost time during COVID period. Researchers who require more time to complete their research with desired results will get relief from this decision. — ABVP (@ABVPVoice) May 9, 2022

The Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) also hailed the decision to extend the deadline for PhD/MPhil submissions. Taking to Twitter, the RSS-affiliated organisation said, "ABVP welcomes the UGC's decision of allowing further extension of up to 6 months for thesis submission of MPhil/PhD scholars because of lost time during COVID period. Researchers who require more time to complete their research with desired results will get relief from this decision."

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UGC asks VCs, principals to roll out revised PhD regulations

NEW DELHI: The University Grants Commission (UGC) on Tuesday asked vice-chancellors and college principals to initiate necessary steps to implement the revised minimum standard and procedure for the award of PhD.

In the letter to higher educational institutions (HEIs), the UGC said that the new regulations are framed “to encourage research scholars to become well-trained researchers and inquisitive explorers.”

“All HEIs are requested to initiate necessary steps to implement the new regulations for the award of PhD,” the letter said.

The UGC replaced its rules notified in 2016 and brought the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022. The revised guidelines have changed the eligibility, admission and evaluation process. It has also done away with the mandatory requirement of publishing research papers in refereed journals.

The UGC notified the new regulations on November 7. As per the new regulations, students who have completed a four-year undergraduate course will also be eligible for direct admission to a doctorate programme.

The new rule said a candidate should have a minimum of 75 per cent marks in “aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed”, and in case the candidate does not have 75 per cent marks in a four-year undergraduate program, they have to pursue a one-year master’s programme and score at least 55 per cent.

PhD regulations of 2016 said that PhD scholars “must publish at least one (1) research paper in a refereed journal and make two paper presentations in conferences/seminars before the submission of the dissertation/thesis for adjudication.”

UGC Chairperson Professor M Jagadesh Kumar said that publishing research papers in peer-reviewed journals might not be mandatory anymore, but it does not mean PhD scholars should stop doing that altogether.

“Focussing on high-quality research will lead to publications in good journals, even if it is not mandatory. It will add value when they apply for employment or post-doctoral opportunities,” he said.

The regulations are applicable with immediate effect from the date of notification. Any PhD registered after 1 July 2009 shall be governed by the rules of 2009 or 2016, the notification said.

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UGC allows another extension for submission of M.Phil or Ph.D thesis

The extension has been granted in view of the study time lost due to COVID-19.

• Updated May 09, 2022, 9:22 PM IST

Universities and higher educational institutions can give another extension of up to six months beyond 30 June for M.Phil or Ph.D thesis submission on case-to-case basis after reviewing a student's work, an official of the University Grants Commission (UGC) said on Monday.

The first extension was granted in June, 2020 and extended further every six months due to prevailing the COVID-19 situation.

''The UGC has approved that an extension of up to six months beyond June 30 may be given to M.Phil and Ph.D students for thesis submission by their respective higher educational institutions on case-to-case basis based on the review of the students' work by the Research Advisory Committee and on recommendation of the supervisor and head of department,'' the UGC official said.

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UGC allows NET scores for PhD admissions from 2024-25 academic session

Ugc chairman mamidala jagadesh kumar stated that phd admission will be determined by the ugc net and no further tests will be needed..

By CNBCTV18.com   March 28, 2024, 6:08:05 PM IST (Published)

From the academic session 2024-2025, all universities can use NET score for admission to PhD programmes in place of entrance tests conducted by the different universities/HEIs. NTA is working on launching the NET application process for June 2024 session sometime next week. pic.twitter.com/IVzKgu56gB — Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar (@mamidala90) March 27, 2024

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UGC withdraws mandatory research publication before PhD thesis submission to enhance quality

Institutes now have the responsibility to provide pre-phd training to interested students during their graduation.

Astha Hemant | Posted October 03, 2022 10:34 AM

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Home » News » UGC Withdraws Mandatory Research Publication Before Ph.D. Completion

UGC Withdraws Mandatory Research Publication Before Ph.D. Completion

New Delhi, October 6, 2022, UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has withdrawn the mandatory guideline regarding research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars. This decision has been made to improve the standard and quality of doctoral research. Also, the publication of a research paper is a time-consuming process, and making it compulsory to publish a research paper puts undue pressure on students.

Moreover, the students can join Ph.D. programmes upon completion of their four-year undergraduate degree. It is anticipated that there may be an increase in the number of students if they are given an option to opt for Ph.D. immediately after graduation.

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022 – Reasons for Withdrawal

• The University Grants Commission (UGC) conducted a recent study featuring 2,573 research scholars across central universities and the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs).
• Based on the research, it has been found that mandatory publication has not helped universities maintain research quality, as about 75% of the submissions are not in quality Scopus-indexed journals.

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022 – Expert Comments

Pertaining to UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022, the following comments have been made by experts regarding withdrawal of mandatory guideline regarding research paper publications and allowing graduate students to pursue Ph.D.:

The Chairperson of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar said, “Some people erroneously think that mandatory publication of a research paper before the submission of a Ph.D. thesis decides its quality. On the contrary, high-quality Ph.D. thesis work leads to quality publications.”

• Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar also said, “If the quality of research work is monitored properly, students can start writing papers well before the submission of their Ph.D. thesis. By the time the student submits the Ph.D. thesis, a couple of papers may get accepted.”
• The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hyderabad (UoH), B.J. Rao said, “India is amongst the top few nations in terms of the number of research papers we publish annually. However, the quality of work being done or the journals where these papers get published is not at par with global standards.”
• B.J. Rao also said, “Imparting soft skills such as writing research papers is also a major responsibility for institutes. Research guides and committees will now be responsible to ensure that the topic of research that is chosen by scholars is unique and has the potential to get published in quality journals.”
• Further, he said, “A change in mindset is needed to understand that cutting down the number of pre-PhD years will not adversely affect a scholar’s ability to do quality research. Research is an interest-driven activity, which will be enhanced if students are given the right guidance at every step.”
• Uma Shanker Pandey, Research Supervisor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Calcutta, said, “During graduation, students are given an orientation in conducting research, correct methodology, and related tools. However, now colleges will have to impart a more structured format of introducing students to their journey as a Ph.D. scholar.”

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS)

Why has ugc withdrawn the guideline regarding mandatory research paper publication before the final submission of the ph.d. thesis by research scholars.

Under UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022, UGC has withdrawn the guideline regarding mandatory research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars to improve the quality of research publications and doctoral research. Also, the publication of a research paper is a time-consuming process, and making it mandatory to publish a research paper puts undue pressure on students.

Can students pursue a Ph.D. after graduation?

Now, the students can join Ph.D. programmes upon completion of their four-year undergraduate degree.

What is the take of UGC’s Chairperson on withdrawing the mandatory guideline regarding research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars?

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P hd after MBBS should be started by the Universities in every clinical,para clinical and nonclinical subjects to enhance the research and enovation in medical field . No fee should be changed by college and every student should be given stipend .

UGC Recommendations are good and need implementation. In addition to the above Second class Master Degree holders can be taken without restricting to 55 percent as this aspect is not stated in Recommendations

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