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Political Dynasties and Economic Development: Evidence using Nighttime Light in the Philippines

Political dynasties, by limiting political competition, are thought to exacerbate corruption, poverty, and abuse of power. This paper examines the economic effects of the presence of political dynasties in Philippine cities and municipalities, taking into account possible channels in the local dynastic cycle – the framework in which politicians try to balance their goals to perform well for their constituents, to divert resources for personal gain, and to continue to be in power. Due to the lack of extensive income accounts or other economic indicators in finer geographical units (i.e., city or municipality level), we use the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System ( DMSP-OLS ) nighttime light data as our proxy for economic activity. Using a panel of Philippine municipalities and cities, we find that, in general, the relationship of political dynasties on economic performance is weak. However, we find that a higher share of economic expenditures leads to lower economic development in municipalities where the mayor, governor, and congressman belong to the same clan. We see this as an indication of weak institutions of checks and balances in localities with dynasties.

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Political Dynasties in Democracies: Causes, Consequences and Remaining Puzzles

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Benny Geys, Daniel M. Smith, Political Dynasties in Democracies: Causes, Consequences and Remaining Puzzles, The Economic Journal , Volume 127, Issue 605, October 2017, Pages F446–F454, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12442

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Kinship often continues to play an important role in determining the ruling class even under modern democratic elections in a wide range of countries. In recent years, academic interest in the causes and consequences of such dynasties has been rapidly expanding. In this introduction to the Feature, we review existing work on political dynasties’ formation and potential implications for socio‐economic outcomes (such as economic growth, distributive policy, and gender representation), and outline a number of questions and challenges that remain important avenues for future research.

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AN ANALYSIS ON POLITICAL DYNASTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE

This paper examines the general nature of the current political dynasties in Cavite and its influence on the electorates decision. This paper also gives a closer look on political families on a provincial level and how these dynastic political families continue to run for a public office and how they convince people to continue vote for them. The study aims to be relevant not only in the province of Cavite but also to other cities and provinces in the Philippines that was also having the same experiences. The result of the studies shows how the term political dynasty is defined, the well-known family clans in Cavite and the factors that prolong their stay in the public office.

Related Papers

Eduardo C . Tadem

The results of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections highlighted the dominance of political dynasties in the country. With all 80 provinces littered with political families, 74 percent of the elected members of the House of Representatives came from such dynastic groups. Despite overwhelming recognition that political dynasties breed patronage politics and corruption, no substantial steps have been undertaken to address this issue. This article examines the general nature of Philippine political dynasties, the reasons for their continuing existence and their adverse impact on the country. This problem emanates basically from three factors: (1) the political and socioeconomic foundations upon which political dynasties are built; 2) the inability to effectively implement Philippine constitutional provisions by enacting an enabling law; and 3) the weakness of potential countervailing forces that would challenge political dynasties.

Reiner Gallardo

A crude analysis of the composition of the Philippine government would show that Philippine politics is dominated by various political clans. The involvement of families in the politics of the Philippines and the concurrence of the lack of an efficient party system resulted to the rise of dynastic clans that dominate elections. Some authors argue that this results from natural tendency of incumbent politicians to bypass institutional constraints by introducing bench-warmer candidates. Tests on the results of the 2010 and 2013 senatorial elections conducted in this paper prove, however, that it is not merely a fact of utilizing institutional “loopholes”, but rather, an evident intention of political dynasties to dominate the political arena. As argued in this paper, political dynasties behave like political parties in the sense that political dynasties also have vote-seeking and office-seeking tendencies. As opposed to political parties, however, political dynasties treat policy-influence as a means to achieving office and electoral success rather than an objective in itself. The quantitative tests in this paper prove that dynastic term duration and policy adherence to the dynastic objectives have significant effects on a candidate’s chances of electoral success. Likewise, data reflects that incumbent dynastic members and dynastic term duration significantly affects the rank of a candidate in the national senatorial elections. It is also apparent in this study that dynasties are mainly concentrated in the local government.

Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Research and Statistics Center

This is a qualitative study which described the existence of political dynasties in Cebu, Philippines. The prevailing issues on political equality and perennial rule of political families were also investigated unfolding the Cebuanos' perceptions of political dynasty and its impact on Cebuano bureaucracy. The method of data analysis used in the study was narrative inquiry where storytelling among the selected key informants served as data collection technique. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of key informant politicians while random sampling for key informant voters was determined. The instruments used in data gathering were interviews and observations. The study revealed the true meaning of political dynasty, its advantages and drawbacks to its constituents. Varied rejoinders and call for democracy motivated the selected key informant politicians to continue serving the citizenry. This study recommends that an anti-individualistic voting preferences campaign be promoted by the government, education and youth sectors in transforming intelligent Filipino voters.

SSRN Electronic Journal

Victor 'Bobing' Venida

Khristine Mariele Patiak

Philippine Political Science Journal

Maria Ariebelle Santos

Political Dynasty has been present in our country for a long period of time already and it seems like not much people are well informed about the factors involving this issue. Political Dynasty turns the Philippines into a political enterprise. This issue flaws the Philippine voting system as voting for someone who has a bigger name rather than someone who is skilled or talented. This paper aims to show that the political dynasty is currently still prevalent in our country, as well as its effects. This paper also enumerates some of the political families that are still active in country. In addition to this, it also tackles the possible solutions to stop political dynasty.

Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philippines

Julio Teehankee

This chapter discusses the strategies of elite reproduction in the Philippine legislature. It identifies the traditional, new, emerging clans in the post- Marcos House of Representatives. Specifically, it elaborates the mechanisms by which political clans acquire, sustain, and reproduce power. Moreover, the chapter also underscores the persistence of political dynasties and failed attempts to regulate them.

Julius Trajano II

Emmanuel Caliwan, J.D.

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