phd medical geography

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Suggested search, ph.d. population, health and place, a public health degree that combines geography/gis and sociology.

In our innovative interdisciplinary doctoral program, you have the unique opportunity to train with world-class faculty from the USC Dornsife Department of Sociology , the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences of the Keck School of Medicine of USC , and the USC Dornsife Spatial Sciences Institute, and others across the university.

Prepare for careers in research, teaching and applied work in sociology and demography (population), preventive medicine (health), and the spatial sciences (place).

This Ph.D. program is ideal for scholars interested in the intersections of public health, urban and global health, social and cultural geography, remote sensing, epidemiology and demography.

Meet some of our Population, Health and Place alumni

Applications to start the program in Fall 2025 will open in August 2024.

View the recording of the information session held on Thursday, September 28, 2023.

For more information, please email Dr. Darren M. Ruddell, Spatial Sciences Institute Associate Professor (Teaching) and Director of Graduate Studies, at [email protected] .

“The Population, Health and Place Program really shaped me as an interdisciplinary researcher, allowing me to hone my skills and develop expertise in spatial sciences, demography, sociology and population health, and introducing me to mentors and colleagues in multiple departments and schools at USC.

This unique training has led me to awesome positions at Princeton University and the American Journal of Public Health . I’m excited to continue developing my interdisciplinary research program as an early career scholar.

Michelle S. Livings, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Associate, Center for Research on Child and Family Wellbeing, Princeton University

Meet our doctoral candidates and students

These front-line scholars are tackling issues of global health signficance.

Iskar Waluyo

Jacob Gizamba

Laura Messier

Sarah Van Norden

Camila Cortes-Rodriguez

Jiahao Wang

Rachel Wilkie

Junhong Duan

Andy Kampfschulte

McKailey Walters

Jeffrey Rozelle

Aviva Wolf-Jacobs

Shengjie Liu

Angela Zhang

Those interested in:

conducting research and creating policies and programs needed to promote human well-being and sustainability in the academic, public, private, and not-for-profit sectors;
developing versatility with large data sets and varied modeling and computation approaches and applying them to population and health problems in meaningful and predictive contexts;
becoming faculty in research universities; or
working as researchers and policy officials in social- and health-related government agencies and NGOs.
Official Transcripts: Official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended, sealed by the institution. Mail transcripts to: USC Graduate Office of Admission University Park Campus Los Angeles, CA 90089-0915. If sending via a private carrier (e.g., UPS, FedEx, or DHL), send transcripts to: University of Southern California Office of Admission & Financial Aid 3601 South Flower Street Tyler 1 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0915 . For more information regarding transcripts visit USC Graduate Admissions Office – Transcript Requirements .
Official GRE Test Scores : required for admission, but there are no minimum score requirements.
Writing Sample: should be academic and should demonstrate your ability to clearly articulate research you’ve completed in other programs. Documents prepared for previous courses are ideal.
Statement of Intent: should explain your reasons for applying and what you hope to accomplish while enrolled. It should also demonstrate an understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of this program and incorporate that in an explanation of your research goals.
Published Work: is not required for admission but you may use the other section to upload publications if you would like them to be considered.
Letters of Recommendation: letters of recommendation from sources who can confirm your ability to work effectively at the graduate level. Former professors, teachers, employers, and/or research leads are preferred. Please submit at least 3 letters.

Application Materials for International Applicants:

English Language Proficiency:

International students applying to graduate programs at USC are expected to demonstrate adequate English language proficiency to be considered for admission. Check out this page on how to satisfy this requirement .
We also recommend you review our video tutorial titled, “ English Proficiency Requirements for International Students ” for more details.

This program at the University of Southern California offers the students of doctoral programs a highly competitive five-year support package that provides an annual stipend, tuition, health and dental insurance, and various university fees.

The first and fifth year are funded by fellowships, with the second, third, and fourth years funded by research assistantships and/or teaching assistantships.

The benefit of this approach is that you are relieved of research and/or teaching responsibilities in your first year to concentrate on your coursework and on developing your dissertation topic, and in your fifth and final year to concentrate on completing your dissertation for our doctoral programs.

Each student must take at least 44 substantive units in sociology (population), population and public health sciences (health), and the spatial sciences (place) at USC during the first three years. During the first and second year, students work on either a refereed journal article, book chapter or a research report of comparable scope and quality.

After students complete the two core courses, SSCI 600: The Geography of Life and Death and SSCI 601ab: Population, Health and Place Research Practicum, students have a wide choice of courses from which they can satisfy the remainder of their course work.

Choices include courses in preventive medicine, sociology, and spatial sciences, as well as other schools and departments throughout USC which offer graduate courses.

Students complete two research rotations as well as courses in biostatistics, demography, epidemiology, and spatial sciences, with additional course work required according to specialty area and/or dissertation topic.

The screening takes place in the second year and is based on an evaluation of the student’s performance in courses and on an evaluation of the student’s research competence as reflected in the first- and second-year research project, from which either a referred journal article, a book chapter or a research report of comparable scope and quality is expected to emerge.

The screening committee is comprised of the student’s co-advisers and two other members of the faculty.

In preparation for the qualifying examination, each student assembles a five-person guidance committee to direct the student’s program of studies and evaluate research competence at least one semester before the student takes the qualifying examination. The committee must include at least one member from the list of eligible faculty in Demography, Health and Spatial Sciences.

The qualifying examination evaluates the student’s ability to conduct independent scholarship and research.

The student is evaluated based on an oral and written presentation of (1) a written review paper or written exam, and (2) the dissertation proposal.

The qualifying examination is planned, administered and evaluated by the student’s guidance committee.

It should be taken no later than during the spring semester in the second year of the program.

Students need to present their dissertation proposal at their qualifying examination.

It is recommended that students decide their dissertation topics by no later than the end of fall semester in the second year of the program.

The best dissertation topics for this program will draw on and use concepts and methodologies from all three of these contributing disciplines and look to advance our knowledge of some aspect of human health and well-being.

Many of the faculty with the Population, Health and Place doctoral programs have active funded research projects with opportunities for students working at the intersection of population science, public health and the spatial sciences.

One of the first goals for students admitted to the program will be to gather information so they can assess whether or not there are opportunities that align with their goals and aspirations.

We also anticipate that some students will propose their own topics and come with the goal that they will build support among one or more faculty to join them in their work while they pursue their doctoral programs, and we support such an approach.

Applicants are encouraged to specify as a part of their application one or more faculty with whom they would want to work during this doctoral program, as this information may help us clarify the faculty’s availability at the beginning of a student’s doctoral studies.

Applicants do not need to contact PHP faculty prior to admission.

Students admitted to the program will work with the director of the program and the director of graduate studies to identify a list of possible advisors early in their first year of study. Students will have two co-advisors, with the goal that these advisors are identified by the start of the fall semester in the second year of the program.

Learning objectives

Construct and apply qualitative and quantitative approaches for mapping and modeling how genetics, the environment, and human behaviors influence human well-being.
Construct and evaluate integrated applications that combine geospatial data and applications for processing that data.
Apply appropriate and relevant spatial analysis techniques to address spatial health problems.
Critically evaluate the types of models that will be required in the future to effectively manage land, water, air and biotic resources, assess environmental risks, and promote human health and well-being.
Execute research, communicate and analyze research findings in social demography and the value of demographic perspectives for the analysis of population change and human well-being.
Select, apply and evaluate statistical methods in clinical, public health, epidemiological, and experimental research.
Produce a publishable-quality manuscript(s) on research findings that includes stating a problem and research question, identifying relevant literature, detailing a methodology, reporting results and reaching conclusions.

Meaning and significance of place and role of social, natural, and built environments in disease occurrence in different places and populations.

Utilizes one or more projects to examine the connections between population, health and place and how geospatial approaches to analyzing and visualizing spatial data may advance our understanding of disease systems. Prerequisite: SSCI 600. Graded CR/NC

The role of spatial computing in understanding the world, in knowing and communicating our relationships to specific places, and for navigating through those places.

Fundamentals of temporal and spatiotemporal data analysis; modern methods forevaluating, managing, and visualizing spatiotemporal data; hands-on use cases.

The theoretical foundations and techniques of spatial analysis and the ways in which they have been used to identify spatial processes and patterns.

An introduction to spatial models identifying the key issues influencing the success of these models in simulating key social and environmental processes and health exposures. Prerequisite: SSCI 680.

Research leading to the doctorate. Maximum units which may be applied to the degree to be determined by the department. Graded CR/NC.

Credit on acceptance of dissertation. Graded IP/CR/NC.

Concepts of biostatistics; appropriate uses and common misuses of health statistics; practice in the application of statistical procedures; introduction to statistical software including EXCEL, SPSS, nQuery. Laboratory.

Terminology/uses of epidemiology and demography; sources/ uses of population data; types of epidemiological studies; risk assessment; common sources of bias in population studies; principles of screening. Recommended preparation: algebra.

An overview of environmental health, identifying issues in assessing effects of exposure on health and potential interventions for reducing adverse health risks. Prerequisites: PM 510L, PM 512.

Procedures and techniques for the collection, evaluation, and analysis of demographic data; census and vital registration systems; basic measures of demographic components, and the construction of life tables and population projections. Prerequisite: SOCI 521.

Theoretical perspectives of population, historical and contemporary accounts of population trends and statistics, and the latest research on the causes and consequences of demographic processes.

Paul S. Adler , Harold Quinton Chair of Business Policy and Professor of Management and Organization, Sociology and Environmental Studies : sociology of complex organizations; comparative political-economy; environmental sociology Jennifer A. Ailshire , Associate Professor of Gerontology and Spatial Sciences : social stratification; urban sociology; health & aging; neighborhood environment & health Timothy Biblarz , Associate Professor of Sociology and Gender Studies: family sociology; stratification & social mobility; gender & sexuality; demography; statistics Lynne Casper , Professor of Sociology: family sociology; family demography; work, family & health; gender, work, & family; family change & variation; social demography; quantitative methods Juan De Lara , Associate Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity: environmental justice and political ecology; race, power and data; Latinx geographies; social movements; urban political economy Brian Finch , Professor (Research) of Sociology and Spatial Sciences: social demography; social epidemiology; social stratification & inequality; social statistics Daniel A. Hackman , Assistant Professor of Social Work and Spatial Sciences: child and adolescent development; neighborhoods; socioeconomic disparities in health and mental health; neuroscience; stress and adversity Jennifer Hook, Associate Professor of Sociology: gender inequality; family demography; work-family; social policy; comparative sociology Lihua Liu , Associate Professor of Clinical Population and Public Health Sciences: demography; medical sociology; cancer surveillance; spatial distribution Ann Owens , Associate Professor of Sociology and Spatial Sciences: spatial analysis; quantitative analysis; urban sociology; social stratification; social policy Manuel Pastor , Distinguished Professor of Sociology and American Studies & Ethnicity: economic, environmental, & social conditions facing low-income urban communities; social movements; regional equity; social justice Emily Smith-Greenaway , Professor of Sociology and Spatial Sciences: infant & child mortality; demography; African studies; health services

Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences and Associate Dean for Community Initiatives : cultural and lifestyle risk factors for cancer and tobacco control at the community level; gender and ethnic minority health; health promotion and disease prevention; community engagement Tracy (Theresa) Bastain , Assistant Professor of Clinical Population and Public Health Sciences: air pollution exposures and respiratory outcomes; environmental health; prenatal exposures and outcomes; obesity John Blosnich , Assistant Professor of Social Work and Director of the Center for LGBTQ + Health Equity: health services research; survey methods; health disparities and health equity; electronic medical records; suicide prevention; sexual and gender minorities (LGBT) Ricky N. Bluthenthal , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences and Associate Dean for Social Justice: drug use epidemiology; health inequities; harm reduction; health promotion and disease prevention; community-based participatory research Carrie Breton , Assistant Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: epidemiologic methods; environmental health & epigenetics Myles G. Cockburn , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences and Spatial Sciences: health GIS; cancer epidemiology; environmental epidemiology; melanoma; prostate cancer Kayla de la Haye , Associate Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: promoting public health and addressing health disparities; social networks and systems science; healthy eating; food systems and food security; early chronic disease prevention; group problem solving; team science Genevieve Dunton , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: health behaviors; physical activity; stress; obesity; built environment; GPS; real-time data capture; cultural and lifestyle risk factors for cancer and tobacco control at the community level; gender and ethnic minority health; health promotion and disease prevention; community engagement Laura Ferguson , Associate Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: health system and health services; human rights and health outcomes; sub-Saharan Africa issues including HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health, and child health W. James Gauderman , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: biostatistics; cancer epidemiology; environmental & genetic epidemiology Frank D. Gilliland , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: respiratory health & cancer epidemiology; adverse respiratory effects of air pollution & tobacco smoke exposures; determinants of environmental & occupational lung disease & cancer Sofia Gruskin , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences, Law, and Spatial Sciences: global health; health and human rights; HIV/AIDS; sexual and reproductive health; child and adolescent health; gender-based violence and health systems Rima Habre , Associate Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences and Spatial Sciences: air pollution exposures and respiratory outcomes; use of mHealth technologies Jill Johnston , Associate Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences and Spatial Sciences: environmental health and justice in disadvantaged urban and rural neighborhoods; community engagement with exposure and epidemiology; industrial activities and assessing exposure pathways to pollutants Jeffrey Klausner , Professor of Clinical Population and Public Health Sciences: prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, HIV prevention and sexual health, novel treatments for syphilis, the prevention of preterm birth, and syphilis immunology Rob S. McConnell , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: health effects of environmental exposures, including cardiorespiratory, metabolic & neurological outcomes in children; air pollution Kimberly Miller , Associate Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: pediatric, adolescent and young adult cancer survivorship; models of cancer care; area-based cancer health disparities Joshua Millstein , Associate Professor of Research Population and Public Health Sciences: statistical methods for causal inference; permutation-based false discovery rates; methods for identifying genes involved in epistatic interactions Maryann Pentz , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: community & policy approaches to tobacco, alcohol, & drug abuse prevention in youth; health promotion; disease prevention; cancer control Dima M. Qato , Hygeia Centennial Chair and Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy: pharmacy access; medication adherence; health equity; pharmaceutical policy; polypharmacy; drug safety; pharmacoepidemiology Stephen G. Sanko , Assistant Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine and Spatial Sciences: emergency medicine; cardiovascular disease; emergency medicine services and dispatch Jonathan M. Tan , Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine: pediatric health systems, electronic health records, spatial analysis, health disparities, environmental exposures, clinical informatics, health economics Jennifer Unger , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: health disparities; psychosocial and cultural predictors of adolescent health-risk and health-protective behaviors Thomas W. Valente , Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: social network analysis; diffusion of innovations; health communication; program evaluation Mellissa Withers , Associate Professor of Clinical Population and Public Health Sciences: qualitative research; community-based participatory research; gender-based violence; global sexual and reproductive health Lu Zhang , Assistant Professor of Population and Public Health Sciences: statistical modeling and analysis for geographically referenced data, Bayesian statistics, statistical computing, and related software development

Guoping Huang , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: geodesign; landscape and urban planning; digital visualization Katherine (Kate) Lester , Lecturer: geospatial methods; mental and behavioral health; suicide; homelessness; addiction; severe mental illness Laura C. Loyola , Assistant Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: GIS; human and evolutionary biology; anthropology; remote sensing Yi Qi , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: remote sensing; environment; sustainability; spatial data science Darren M. Ruddell , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: geospatial technologies; climate and society; human-environment Interactions; geodesign; urban sustainability Elisabeth Sedano , Assistant Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: urban geography; legal geography; web GIS; spatial analysis; geographies of water; volunteered geographic information; critical GIS Jennifer Swift , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: web and mobile GIS; data modeling; geodesign Diana Ter-Ghazaryan , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: geospatial technologies; data visualization; digital humanities; cultural geography Robert O. Vos , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: environmental justice; industrial ecology; environmental policy; spatially-explicit life cycle assessment Siqin (Sisi) Wang , Associate Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: GIS and big data analytics (e.g., AI, machine learning, data mining and natural language processing) to solve urban challenges, digital health geography, human mobility and migration, built environment, and human-environment interactions John P. Wilson , Professor of Sociology and Spatial Sciences: GIS; spatial analysis; environmental modeling; exposure assessment; geodesign An-Min Wu , Assistant Professor (Teaching) of Spatial Sciences: spatial analysis; soil science; remote sensing; environmental GIS

Scholarships, fellowships and grants

Ph.D. in Population, Public Health and Place doctoral students are encouraged to apply for external funding and receive support to prepare competitive applications.

American Association of Geographers American Association of University Women International Fellowship Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Haynes Lindley Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans Society of Women Geographers The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi Dissertation Fellowships

Talk with Dr. Darren M. Ruddell, Spatial Sciences Institute Director of Graduate Studies, about what makes the USC Ph.D. program in Population, Health and Place distinctive.

Email him at [email protected] .

Spatial Sciences Institute

University of Southern California 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF B55 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0374 213.740.5910 [email protected] Hours: Mon-Fri 8:30 am – 5:00 pm

Undergraduate Programs

Dr. Diana Ter-Ghazaryan 213.821.1190 | [email protected]

Graduate Programs

Dr. Darren M. Ruddell 213.740.0521 | [email protected]

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Health Geography

Geography and health are linked. The place where people are born, live, study, or work directly influences their health outcomes. Spatial location plays an important role in shaping population health through environmental and socioeconomic risks. Health geography can be divided in two research areas. First, research focusing on the geography of disease and ill health, including descriptive analyses (disease frequencies and distribution), and on characteristics which make individuals susceptible to disease. This research area requires a basic understanding of epidemiology. The second research area pays special attention to the geography of healthcare, particularly facility location, accessibility, and utilisation. This research area requires a good knowledge of GIS techniques. Some examples of broader themes are as follows:

Health services, infrastructures and land-use planning
Disease surveillance, modelling and mapping
Health determinants
Assessment of risk factors
Health care utilization
Geographical variations in health outcomes

Supervisors: Dagmar Dzúrová , Michala Lustigová , Ivana Kulhánová , Pavlína Netrdová

Research team: GeoQol – Research Centre on Health, Quality of Life and Lifestyle in a Geodemographic and Socioeconomic Context

Department of Geography >
Research >

Health Geography

Health Geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. It explores the patterns, causes, and spread of disease, environmental hazards, environmental mediators of health behaviors, and the planning and provision of health services.

This map of reinforcing and balancing feedback mechanisms was developed as part of a group model-building workshop with stakeholders of NIH(NIDCR/OBSSR) grant R01DE023072, Integrating Social and Systems Science Approaches to Promote Oral Health Equity. Sara Metcalf, PhD.

Tracking the spatial-temporal dynamics of influenza in WNY with smartphones, Ling Bian, PhD.

Dengue virus transmission intensity in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Jared Aldstadt, PhD.

Population adjusted ED visit rates for cardiovascular disease, Enki Yoo, PhD.

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Michael Emch, PhD

Dr. Michael Emch is W.R. Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Geography and Epidemiology. He is also a Fellow of the Carolina Population Center. His expertise is in infectious disease ecology, spatial epidemiology, neighborhood determinants of health, and geographic information science applications of public health. He leads the Spatial Health Research Group which conducts research that explores spatio-temporal patterns of disease, primarily infectious diseases of the developing world. He examines diverse topics such as the role of population-environment drivers in pathogen evolution, how social connectivity contributes to disease incidence, and using environmental indicators to predict disease outbreaks. For more information see the Spatial Health Research Group website at spatialhealth.web.unc.edu/ .

Teaching Interests

Dr. Emch teaches several courses in the Department of Geography, mostly about spatial components of health. His course syllabi are available at https://emch.web.unc.edu/courses/ .

Research Activities

NSF PIRE: Energy Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa

Incorporating geographic context into randomized controlled trials: RTS,S malaria and the oral cholera vaccines

Finding Safe Drinking Water to Mitigate Arsenic Contamination: Tube Wells, Storage, and Diarrhea

Malaria and HIV Disease Surveillance Using Molecular and Geographic Methods in the Congo

Service Activities

Editorial Board, Health & Place, (2014 to 2015, 2018-Present).

Editorial Board, SSM - Population Health, (2015 to Present).

Associate Editor, Health & Place (2015 to 2018).

Advisory Editor, Medical Geography, Social Science & Medicine (2005 to 2020).

Practice Activities

Member, Faculty Advisory Committee, Institute for the Environment (2012 to 2016)

Member, Carolina Population Center Training Committee (8/06 to 12/10 and 2/12 to 2/16)

Chair, Department of Geography (7/13 to 7/19)

Chair, Review Committee, Center for Urban and Regional Studies and Director of the Center (2015)

PhD, Geography (Medical), Michigan State University, 1998
MA, Geography, Miami University of Ohio, 1992
BA, Biology, Alfred University, 1987

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Medical Geography

Introduction, general overviews.

Disease Ecology
Landscape Epidemiology
Political Ecology of Noncommunicable Disease
Neighborhoods and Health
Climate and Weather
Air Quality
Water Quality
Maps and GIS in Medical Geography
Infectious Disease Diffusion
Scale, Spatial Analysis, and Geographic Visualization
Location and Allocation of Health Services

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Forthcoming articles expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section.

GeoCapabilities in Geography Education
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Medical Geography by Jennifer Winston , Michael Emch LAST REVIEWED: 26 February 2013 LAST MODIFIED: 26 February 2013 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0034

Medical geography is concerned with the analysis of spatial patterns of disease and health care provision. John M. Hunter famously defined the field as “the application of geographical concepts and techniques to health-related problems” ( Hunter 1974 , p. 3; cited under General Overviews ). This definition of geography is human-environment interaction through time and space and conceptualizes environmental influences broadly to include the biophysical, built, and social environments. Hunter suggests that medical geography is at the heart of the discipline of geography, because all specialties have something to offer toward the understanding of health problems. The field has been historically divided into (1) studies of disease that often involve mapping and modeling and (2) those that concern geographic aspects of health services. Medical geographic studies of diseases are often placed in the theoretical context of disease ecology. Those that focus on spatial methods are sometimes called spatial or geographic epidemiology studies. The geography of health services is concerned with spatial aspects of access to health care, health care delivery, and the planning of health services. Medical geography is a holistic field that draws on the concepts, theories, and techniques of geography and other social and biophysical sciences. It spans the biological, environmental, and social sciences and uses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This bibliography begins with general overview texts and main theories in medical geography. It then moves to applications of these theories in the section Health and the Environment . It describes various methodologies to implement medical geographic theory in the section Mapping Disease and concludes with the section Location and Allocation of Health Services . Building on Hunter’s premise that scholars in a variety of disciplines can and have made important contributions to medical geography, this bibliography includes many articles that are published in journals that are not traditionally considered geography journals.

There are several medical geography textbooks written for different levels of inquiry specializing in various parts of the field. New editions have been published for two standard texts in the field. Meade and Emch 2010 is comprehensive in its coverage of aspects and approaches to the geographic study of health, disease, and health care and emphasizes disease ecology of both infectious and noncommunicable diseases in the natural, built, and social environments. Gatrell and Elliott 2009 also aims to be comprehensive in its coverage but emphasizes the social environment more than others. A large section is devoted to the quality of air and water and environmental changes, such as ozone depletion, and ill health. Anthamatten and Hazen 2011 is the most introductory medical geography text. It divides the field into three main approaches: ecological, social, and spatial. Beyond textbooks there are also several collections of papers on the subject that include introductory overview chapters and case studies. Brown, et al. 2010 is the most comprehensive. This text begins with an introduction to the subdiscipline and then proceeds to a section on disease studies and methodologies, followed by several chapters on health and well-being. It distinguishes between the sister field of health geography, which focuses on social dimensions of health, especially in economically advanced countries. Hunter 1974 is a historic collection of framing papers and empirical case studies that would be a good grounding for anyone who wants to understand the field of medical geography.

Anthamatten, Peter, and Helen Hazen. An Introduction to the Geography of Health . London: Routledge, 2011.

An overview medical geography text appropriate for students new to the subject. Divides medical geography into ecological, social, and spatial approaches.

Brown, Tim, Sara McLafferty, and Graham Moon, eds. A Companion to Health and Medical Geography . Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

A comprehensive collection of papers by experts in the field. Includes theory, case studies, and methodology. Covers health geography more extensively than the other general overview texts.

Gatrell, Anthony C., and Susan J. Elliott. Geographies of Health: An Introduction . 2d ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

An overview text aimed at upper-division undergraduate or graduate students. Includes sections on theories to explain geographies of health, methodology, social environment, and physical environment.

Hunter, John M., ed. The Geography of Health and Disease: Papers of the First Carolina Geographical Symposium . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Department of Geography, 1974.

A seminal text providing historical background on the development of the field of medical geography. The first chapter, “The Challenge of Medical Geography,” enumerates potential contributions of different disciplines to medical geography and describes various subfields.

Meade, Melinda S., and Michael Emch. Medical Geography . 3d ed. New York: Guilford, 2010.

A comprehensive overview text aimed at upper-division undergraduates or graduate students. This edition has added sections on spatial epidemiology, geographic information systems in public health and neighborhood health, and health theories and analysis. Focuses on a disease ecology framework and includes methodology for implementing the theory described.

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The Ph.D. is a different kind of degree from the master’s degree. A doctoral candidate in Geography must be capable of making original contributions to knowledge and scholarship. It is unlikely that a person will make such contributions unless he or she concentrates on a narrow and clearly defined field of study. We require, however, that doctoral candidates know more of geography than their particular specialties; thus, any aspirant for a doctorate must obtain master’s training or its equivalent before being admitted to doctoral candidacy. In short, admission to doctoral candidacy is official recognition that a student’s general foundation in the breadth of geography is satisfactory. Students then devote their attention to developing depth in chosen specialties.

The general requirements for a doctoral degree in geography are more rigorous than those for a master’s degree. At the same time, the greater flexibility of the doctoral program allows advanced students to pursue programs of study tailored to their special interests and needs.

Progress through the degree is marked by:

· a successful performance in a verbal qualifying exam;

· a four-day written comprehensive exam, with a verbal portion after the written answers have been assessed by the committee;

· a formal dissertation proposal; and

· a verbal defense of a completed dissertation.

The four-year Ph.D. program is reserved for students who have a master’s degree from another graduate program. That can be another geography program at another university, a non-geography program at another university, or a non-geography program at Penn State.

Students entering the four-year Ph.D. program must take the doctoral qualifying exam in their first year. A committee from three of the four fields of geography and formally appointed by the Graduate Program Officer will administer the qualifying exam. The qualifying exam can take place any time during the year, but students in the four-year Ph.D. program typically take it during spring semester.

Students in the four-year Ph.D. program complete a comprehensive exam and defend their dissertation proposal in the second year. Depending on the needs of their research, and in agreement with their doctoral committee, students can fulfill these two requirements in either order. Once students have successfully passed their comprehensive exam and defended their proposal, they typically take two years to research, write, and defend their dissertations.

Our online Graduate Student Handbook explains the program requirements for all degrees.

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PhD in Geography

Phd in geography, university of north carolina at charlotte.

Now accepting applications for Fall 2024

GRE requirement waived for 2024 Admissions

The priority deadline for funding consideration is February 15th, 2024

Recent and soon-to-be graduates, Fall 2018

The PhD in Geography is our department’s core doctoral program reflecting the multi-disciplinary research and teaching expertise of our exceptional and award-winning faculty. Graduate students engage in coursework from within and across three areas of focus: Urban and Regional Analysis, Earth and Environmental Systems, and Geographic Information Science. A broad range of elective courses build upon shared training in the theoretical and methodological foundations of Geography, advanced research approaches (quantitative and/or qualitative) and spatial technologies and analysis. Independent research follows yielding a dissertation that advances knowledge in Geography and its related disciplines.

Doctoral students in Geography at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte are members of a student-centered, well-resourced and collegial department comprised of social, physical and applied scientists. As many as half of our PhD students are supported through competitive Graduate Assistantships or Fellowships and our students are frequent recipients of the university’s most prestigious scholarships and national awards. Currently, the program’s Graduate Assistantships include a 9-month stipend of $21,000 plus tuition and health care support through a Graduate School GASP Award.

Our commitment to professional development translates into student involvement in faculty-led research and outreach teams; summer field work grants; financial support to present at national and international conferences; and preparation for teaching and research excellence both pre and post-graduation. Doctoral students in the program have established a tradition of engagement and leadership in the department, across campus, and within national and international professional associations such as the American Association of Geographers and its regional and specialty groups.

The program is structured to be completed within 4 years and our graduates find professional success across the occupational spectrum – as tenure-track professors, international researchers, community planners, analysts with local to national scale governments, post-doctoral fellows, applied scientists, spatial entrepreneurs, private sector consultants and more.

We are now accepting applications for Fall 2024 Admission. Applications received before February 15, 2024 will be given priority consideration for available assistantship and fellowship funding.

Please note that our program will continue to waive the GRE requirement for applicants seeking admission for Spring and Fall 2024. If applicants wish to submit GRE scores they may still do so and those will be considered in the review process.

Admission and requirements? Please refer to UNC Charlotte Graduate Catalog

Ready to apply? Please refer to UNC Charlotte Graduate School Admissions

Questions? Please contact program director Dr. Isabelle Nilsson [email protected]

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Alumni Dr. Paul McDaniel and students Tonderai Mushipe and Jaeho Ko connect at Race, Ethnicity and Place (REP) conference in Austin, TX, Fall 2018.

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J. Claire Schuch & Tonderai Mushipe . 2021. “Light Rail and Neighborhood Change: Comparative Perspectives of Residents, Local Media, and Other Stakeholders” Housing Policy Debate , https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2021.1949371
Elizabeth Delmelle, Isabelle Nilsson & Providence Adu . 2021. “Poverty Suburbanization, Job Accessibility, and Employment Outcomes” Social Inclusion , DOI: 10.17645/si.v9i2.3735
Brisa U. de Hernandez, J. Claire Schuch , Janni Sorensen & Heather A. Smith. 2021. “Sustaining CBPR Projects: Lessons Learned Developing Latina Community Groups.” Collaborations: A Journal of Community-based Research and Practice , DOI: http://doi.org/10.33596/coll.69
Paul H. Jung & Jun Song. 2021. “Multivariate Neighborhood Trajectory Analysis: An Exploration of the Functional Data Analysis Approach” Geographical Analysis , https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12298
Yu Lan , Michael R. Desjardins , Alexander Hohl & Eric Delmell e. 2021. “Geovisualization of COVID-19: State of the Art and Opportunities” Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization , DOI: 10.3138/cart-2020-0027
Maryam Khabazi & Isabelle Nilsson. 2021. “Connecting people with jobs: Light rail’s impact on Commuting patterns” Travel Behaviour and Society , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2021.03.003
Claudio Owusu , G ary S.Silverman , David S.Vinson, Rajib Paul , Kathleen M. Baker & Eric M. Delmelle. 2021. “Predicting coliform presence in private wells as a function of well characteristics, parcel size and leachfield soil rating” Science of the Total Environment , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143701
Daidai Shen , Jean-Claude Thill & Jiuwen Sun. 2021. “The determinants of city population in China” Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science . https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-020-00170-8
Minrui Zheng , Wenwu Tang, Akinwumi Ogundiran & Jianxin Yang. 2020. “Spatial Simulation Modeling of Settlement Distribution Driven by Random Forest: Consideration of Landscape Visibility” Sustainability , https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114748

Geographical Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

For those entering with a Master's degree in Geography, the PhD should be completed withing 4 years; For those entering with a Bachelor's or without a Geography background, the PhD should be completed within 5 years. Part-time study takes longer, but at least 1 year full-time attendance is required. Students entering with a B.A. or without a Geography background will take one course each in the following areas: Human, Physical, and Methods. See the PhD Handbook for further details.

Students without a Geography background should complete an additional 9 credits in the following areas:

Environmental and Biological Aspects of Earth Systems Science,
Human Dimensions of Global Change, and
Geospatial Information Sciences.

Advance to Candidacy: In addition to course requirements, students must successfully pass an annual faculty review, a portfolio assessment, and successfully defend a dissertation prospectus.

Post-Candidacy: In addition to annual faculty reviews, students complete at least 12 credits of GEOG899 Doctoral Dissertation Research as well as successfully defend and submit an original dissertation.

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The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is a 4 to 5 year graduate program that prepares students in geographic research and teaching. Our program is research-focused, and designed for students seeking a career in academia, and for public, private, and non-profit sector positions that require advanced research skills. Students can enter the program with advanced standing from their previous graduate education (e.g., M.A. or M.S.), and in limited cases directly from the B.A. or B.S. The Ph.D. program of study leads to:

Knowledge of the discipline of geography
Broad knowledge of a subfield of geography and its literature; and
Specific expertise in the subfield

The first provides a basis for communication with professional colleagues across the discipline. The second represents the general area in which the Ph.D. holder seeks employment, and the third represents the area of most active research involvement. Typical areas of concentration for students in our department include spatiotemporal data modeling, environmental modeling and simulation, geovisualization, spatial decision support systems, health-environment interactions and disease outcomes, ecosystem services, ecological diversity and function, environmental remote sensing, and environmental hazards.

Admission to candidacy occurs after two years of coursework and successful completion of a comprehensive examination (written and oral components). Prior to the comprehensive examination, each doctoral student submits an Area of Concentration Bibliography to their Ph.D. committee. The bibliography is a critical synthesis of research in the student's subfield. Following completion of the comprehensive exam, the student submits a dissertation proposal to the dissertation committee for critical feedback and approval. After proposal approval, the student then completes and defends the dissertation.

For more information about the doctoral program, please refer to chapter 4 of our Graduate Student Handbook , or contact the Director of Graduate Studies.

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Location, location, location: How geography acts as a structural determinant of health

by University of California - Riverside

In unincorporated communities in the United States-Mexico borderlands, historically and socially marginalized populations become invisible to the health care system, showing that geography acts as a structural determinant of health for low-income populations. So concludes a study by a University of California, Riverside, team that focused its attention on the borderland in Southern California, specifically, eastern Coachella Valley.

From September to December 2020, the team, led by Ann Cheney, an associate professor of social medicine, population, and public health in the School of Medicine, conducted interviews in collaboration with María Pozar, a community investigator and CEO of Conchita Servicios de la Comunidad, with 36 Latinx and Indigenous Mexican caregivers of children with asthma or respiratory distress . The researchers found communities in the "colonias" (unincorporated areas in the borderlands) lack basic critical infrastructure including health care access .

The U.S.-Mexico borderland is home to nearly 2.7 million Hispanic or Latinx individuals. The immigrant population in the colonias has limited English proficiency, health literacy levels, and income, and lower levels of formal education. Many are undocumented.

"Our work shows the importance of geography in health and how geography acts as a structural determinant of health," Cheney said. "For example, foreign-born caregivers who speak Spanish or Purépecha prefer to take their children across the U.S.-Mexico border for respiratory health care because physicians there provide them with a diagnosis and treatment plan that they perceive improves their children's health."

The study , published in the journal Social Science & Medicine , found the caregivers perceive U.S.-based physicians as not providing them with sufficient information since most physicians do not speak their language and do not adequately listen to or are dismissive of their concerns about their children's respiratory health. The caregivers perceive Mexican-based physicians as providing them with a diagnosis and treatment plan, whereas U.S.-based physicians often prescribe medications and provide no concrete diagnosis.

"Further, only those with legal documentation status can cross the border, which contributes to disparities in children's respiratory health," Cheney said. "Thus, caregivers without legal status in the U.S. must access health care services in the U.S. for their children and receive, what these caregivers perceive, as suboptimal care."

Cheney added she was surprised to learn that caregivers who did not have legal documentation status in the U.S. asked trusted family and friends to take their children across the border to receive health care services for childhood asthma and related conditions.

"Geography, meaning living in unincorporated communities, harms health," she said. "Geography and the politics of place determines who can and cannot cross borders."

Study participants discussed the distance they needed to travel to pediatric specialty care for the care and management of their children's respiratory health problems. Some commented on the lack of interaction and communication with physicians during medical visits. Some participants commented on the lack of physicians' knowledge about the connections between their children's exposure to environmental hazards and poor respiratory health and allergic symptoms.

The research took place in four unincorporated rural communities—Mecca, Oasis, Thermal, and North Shore—in eastern Coachella Valley, along the northern section of the Salton Sea. People living in the colonias here are subject to the health effects of environmental hazards. Many are farmworkers living and working in the nearby agricultural fields. Most of the workforce lives in mobile parks and below the federal poverty line.

"In addition to toxic water and dust from the Salton Sea, other environmental health hazards, such as agriculture pesticide exposure, waste processing facilities, and unauthorized waste dumps, also contribute to this community's high incidence of poor respiratory health," said Gabriela Ortiz, the first author of the research paper and a graduate student in anthropology who works with Cheney. "These communities are vulnerable to the policies and governing decisions around exposure to environmental hazards and infrastructure development. The absence of infrastructure and lack of health care infrastructure limits their access to primary care and specialty care services."

Ortiz explained that anthropologists and social scientists have long argued that environmental injustices are a product of structural violence.

"This is indirect violence caused by social structures and institutions that prevent individuals from meeting their basic needs because of political economic domination and class-based exploitation," she said. "Understanding the complex interplay between geography, borderlands, and health is essential for coming up with effective public health policy and interventions."

The title of the research paper is "Seeking care across the US-Mexico border: The experiences of Latinx and Indigenous Mexican caregivers of children with asthma or respiratory distress." Cheney, Ortiz, and Pozar were joined in the study by Ashley Moran and Sophia Rodriquez of UCR.

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How geography acts as a structural determinant of health

In unincorporated communities in the United States-Mexico borderlands, historically and socially marginalized populations become invisible to the healthcare system, showing that geography acts as a structural determinant of health for low-income populations. So concludes a study by a University of California, Riverside, team that focused its attention on the borderland in Southern California, specifically, eastern Coachella Valley.

From September to December 2020, the team, led by Ann Cheney, an associate professor of social medicine, population, and public health in the School of Medicine, conducted interviews in collaboration with María Pozar, a community investigator and CEO of Conchita Servicios de la Comunidad, with 36 Latinx and Indigenous Mexican caregivers of children with asthma or respiratory distress. The researchers found communities in the "colonias" (unincorporated areas in the borderlands) lack basic critical infrastructure including healthcare access.

The study, published in the journal Social Science & Medicine , found the caregivers perceive U.S.-based physicians as not providing them with sufficient information since most physicians do not speak their language and do not adequately listen to or are dismissive of their concerns about their children's respiratory health. The caregivers perceive Mexican-based physicians as providing them with a diagnosis and treatment plan, whereas U.S.-based physicians often prescribe medications and provide no concrete diagnosis.

"Further, only those with legal documentation status can cross the border, which contributes to disparities in children's respiratory health," Cheney said. "Thus, caregivers without legal status in the U.S. must access healthcare services in the U.S. for their children and receive, what these caregivers perceive, as suboptimal care."

Cheney added she was surprised to learn that caregivers who did not have legal documentation status in the U.S. asked trusted family and friends to take their children across the border to receive healthcare services for childhood asthma and related conditions.

"Geography, meaning living in unincorporated communities, harms health," she said. "Geography and the politics of place determines who can and cannot cross borders."

The research took place in four unincorporated rural communities -- Mecca, Oasis, Thermal, and North Shore -- in eastern Coachella Valley, along the northern section of the Salton Sea. People living in the colonias here are subject to the health effects of environmental hazards. Many are farmworkers living and working in the nearby agricultural fields. Most of the workforce lives in mobile parks and below the federal poverty line.

"In addition to toxic water and dust from the Salton Sea, other environmental health hazards, such as agriculture pesticide exposure, waste processing facilities, and unauthorized waste dumps, also contribute to this community's high incidence of poor respiratory health," said Gabriela Ortiz, the first author of the research paper and a graduate student in anthropology who works with Cheney. "These communities are vulnerable to the policies and governing decisions around exposure to environmental hazards and infrastructure development. The absence of infrastructure and lack of healthcare infrastructure limits their access to primary care and specialty care services."

Ortiz explained that anthropologists and social scientists have long argued that environmental injustices are a product of structural violence.

The title of the research paper is "Seeking care across the US-Mexico border: The experiences of Latinx and Indigenous Mexican caregivers of children with asthma or respiratory distress."

Cheney, Ortiz, and Pozar were joined in the study by Ashley Moran and Sophia Rodriquez of UCR.

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities.

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Story Source:

Materials provided by University of California - Riverside . Original written by Iqbal Pittalwala. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

Gabriela Ortiz, Sophia Rodriguez, María Pozar, Ashley Moran, Ann Cheney. Seeking care across the US-Mexico border: The experiences of Latinx and Indigenous Mexican caregivers of children with asthma or respiratory distress . Social Science & Medicine , 2024; 347: 116736 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116736

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Yan S, Lu HM, Flanz J, Adams J, Trofimov A, Bortfeld T. Reassessment of the necessity of the proton gantry: analysis of beam orientations from 4332 treatments at the F.H. Burr proton center over the past 10 years. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2016

Moteabbed M, Trofimov A, Sharp GC, Wang Y, Zietman AL, Efstathiou JA, Lu HM. A prospective comparison of the effects of interfractional variations on proton therapy and IMRT for prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2016

Patel AV, Lane AM, Morrison MA, Trofimov AV, Shih HA, Gragoudas ES, Kim IK. Visual Outcomes after Proton Beam Irradiation for Choroidal Melanomas Involving the Fovea. Ophthalmology 2015

M oteabbed M, Sharp GC, Wang Y, Trofimov A, Efstathiou JA, Lu HM. Validation of a deformable image registration technique for cone beam CT-based dose verification. Medical Physics 2015;42:196-205

Cheney MD, Chen YL, Lim R, Winrich BK, Grosu AL, Trofimov AV, Depauw N, Shih HA, Schwab JH, Hornicek FJ, DeLaney TF. 18F-FMISO PET/CT visualization of tumor hypoxia in patients with chordoma of the mobile and sacrococcygeal spine. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2014

Safai S, Trofimov A, Adams JA, Engelsman M, Bortfeld T. The rationale for intensity-modulated proton therapy in geometrically challenging cases. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2013;58:6337-6353.

Giantsoudi D, Grassberger C, Craft D, Niemierko A, Trofimov A, Paganetti H. Linear energy transfer (LET)-Guided Optimization in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT): feasibility study and clinical potential. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2013;87:216-222.

Wang. Y, Efstathiou JE, Lu H, Sharp GC, Trofimov A. Hypofractionated proton therapy for prostate cancer: dose delivery uncertainty due to inter-fractional motion. Medical Physics 2013;40:071714

Zeng C, Giantsoudi D, Grassberger C, Goldberg S, Niemierko A, Paganetti H, Efstathiou JA, Trofimov A. Maximizing the biological effect of proton dose delivered with scanned beams via inhomogeneous daily dose distributions. Medical Physics 2013;40:051708.

De Amorim Bernstein K, Sethi R, Trofimov A, Zeng C, Fullerton B, Yeap BY, Ebb D, Tarbell NJ, Yock TI, Macdonald SM. Early clinical outcomes using proton radiation for children with central nervous system atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2013;86:114-20.

Trofimov A, Unkelbach J, DeLaney TF, Bortfeld T. Visualization of a variety of possible dosimetric outcomes in radiation therapy using dose-volume histogram bands. Practical Radiation Oncology 2012;2:164-171.

Chen W, Unkelbach J, Trofimov A, Madden T, Kooy H, Bortfeld T, Craft D. Including robustness in multi-criteria optimization for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2012;57:591-608.

Wang Y, Efstathiou J, Sharp G, Lu HM, Ciernik IF, Trofimov A. Evaluation of the dosimetric impact of inter-fractional anatomical variations on prostate proton therapy using daily in-room CT images. Medical Physics 2011

Grassberger C, Trofimov A, Lomax A, Paganetti H. Variations in linear energy transfer within clinical proton therapy fields and the potential for biological treatment planning. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2011

Trofimov A, NguyenPL, EfstathiouJA, Wang Y, LuHM, EngelsmanM, MerrickS, ChengCW, WongJR, ZietmanAL. Interfractional variations in the set-up of pelvic bony anatomy and soft tissue, and their implication on the delivery of proton therapy for localized prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2011; 80:928-937.

Ding A, Gu J, Trofimov A, Xu XG. Monte Carlo calculation of imaging doses from diagnostic multi-detector CT and kilovoltage cone-beam CT as part of prostate cancer treatment plans. Medical Physics 2010; 37:6199-6204.

MacDonald SM, Trofimov A, Safai S, Adams J, Fullerton B, Ebb D, Tarbell NJ, Yock T. Proton Radiotherapy for Pediatric Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors: Early Clinical Outcomes. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2011; 79:121-129

Nguyen PL, Chen RC, Hoffman KE, Trofimov A, Efstathiou JA, Coen JJ, Shipley WU, Zietman AL, Talcott JA. Rectal Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters Are Associated with Long-Term Patient-Reported Gastrointestinal Quality of Life After Conventional and High-Dose Radiation for Prostate Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2010; 78:1081-5

Suit H, Delaney T, Goldberg S, Paganetti H, Clasie B, Gerweck L, Niemierko A, Hall E, Flanz J, Hallman J, Trofimov A. Proton vs carbon ion beams in the definitive radiation treatment of cancer patients. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2010; 95:3-22.

Kooy HM, Clasie BM, Lu HM, Madden TM, Bentefour H, Depauw N, Adams JA, Trofimov AV, Demaret D, Delaney TF, Flanz JB. A case study in proton pencil-beam scanning delivery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2010; 76:624-30.

Efstathiou JA, Trofimov AV, Zietman AL. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of protons: an evidence-based review of the role of particle therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer J. 2009; 15:312-8.

Seco J, Robinson D, Trofimov A, Paganetti H. Breathing interplay effects during proton beam scanning: simulation and statistical analysis. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2009; 54:N283-294.

Vrancic C, Trofimov A, Chan TCY, Sharp G, Bortfeld T. Experimental evaluation of a robust optimization method for IMRT of moving targets. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2009; 54: 2901-2914.

Bortfeld T, Chan TCY, Trofimov A, Tsitsiklis JN. Robust management of motion uncertainty in intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Operations Research 2008; 56:1461-1473

Nguyen PL, Trofimov A, Zietman AL. Proton beam or intensity-modulated therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer? Oncology 2008; 22:748-754.

Trofimov A, Vrancic C, Chan TCY, Sharp GC, Bortfeld T. Tumor trailing startegy for intensity-modulated radiation therapy of moving targets. Medical Physics 2008; 35:1718-1733

MacDonald SM, Safai S, Trofimov A, Wolfgang J, Fullerton B, Yeap BY, Bortfeld T, Tarbell NJ, Yock T. Proton radiotherapy for childhood ependymoma: initial clinical outcomes and dose comparisons. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2008; 71:979-987

Suit H, Kooy H,Trofimov A, Farr J, Munzenrider J, DeLaney T, Loeffler J, Clasie B, Safai S, Paganetti H. Should positive phase III clinical trial data be required before proton beam therapy is more widely adopted? No. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2008; 86:148-153.

Trofimov A, Nguyen PL, Coen JJ, Doppke KP, Schneider RJ, Adams JA, Bortfeld TR, Zietman AL, DeLaney TF, Shipley WU. Radiotherapy treatment of early stage prostate cancer with IMRT and protons: a treatment planning comparsion. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2007; 69:444-453 (follow-up: Letter to the Editor. In reply to Ms.Albertini et al. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2007; 69:1334-1335)

Sharp GC, Lu HM, Trofimov A, Tang X, Jiang SB, Turcotte J, Gierga DP, Chen GTY, Hong TS. Assessing residual motion for gated proton-beam radiotherapy.Journal of Radiation Research 2007; 48:A55-59.

Censor Y, Bortfeld T, Martin B, Trofimov A. A unified approach for inversion problems in intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2006; 51:2353-65.

Trofimov A, Rietzel E, Lu H, Martin B, Jiang S, Chen G, Bortfeld T. Temporo-spatial IMRT optimization: Concepts, implementation and initial results. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2005; 50:2779-98.

Paganetti H, Jiang H, Trofimov A. 4D Monte Carlo simulation of proton beam scanning: modeling of variations in time and space to study the interplay between scanning pattern and time-dependent patient geometry. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2005; 50:983-90.

DeLaney TF, Trofimov AV, Engelsman M, Suit HD. Advanced-technology radiation therapy in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Control 2005; 12:27-35

Weber DC, Trofimov AV, Delaney TF, Bortfeld T. A treatment planning comparison of intensity modulated photon and proton therapy for paraspinal sarcomas. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2004; 58:1596-606.

Suit H, Goldberg S, Niemierko A, Trofimov A, Adams J, Paganetti H, Chen GTY, Bortfeld T, Rosenthal S, Loeffler J, DeLaney T. Protons to Replace Photon Beams in Radical Dose Treatments. Acta Oncologica 2003; 42:800-8.

Trofimov A, Bortfeld T. Optimization of beam parameters and treatment planning for intensity modulated proton therapy. Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment 2003; 2:437-44.

Trofimov A, Bortfeld T. Beam delivery sequencing for intensity modulated proton therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2003; 48:1321-31.

Publications in High-Energy Physics (with g-2 Collaboration, Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Bennett GW, et al. Improved limit on the muon electric dipole moment. Physical Review D 2009; 80:052008.

Bennett GW et al. Search for Lorentz and CPT violation effects in muon spin precession. Physical Review Letters 2008; 100:091602.

Bennett GW et al Statistical equations and methods applied to the precision muon (g-2) experiment at BNL. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 2007; 579:1096-1116.

Bennett GW et al. Final report of the E821 muon anomalous magnetic moment measurement at BNL. Physical Review D 2006; 73:072003.

Bennett GW et al. Measurement of the negative muon anomalous moment to 0.7 ppm. Physical Review Letters 2004; 92:161802.

Bennett GW et al. Measurement of the positive muon anomalous moment to 0.7 ppm. Physical Review Letters 2002; 89:101804.

Brown HN et al. Precise measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment. Physical Review Letters 2001; 86:2227-31.

Sedykh SA et al. Electromagnetic calorimeters for the BNL muon (g-2) experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods A 2000; 455:346-60.

Brown HN et al. Improved measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment. Physical Review D 2000; 62:091101.

Carey RM et al. New measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the positive muon. Physical Review Letters 1999; 82:1632-35.

100 Best universities for Mechanical Engineering in Russia

Updated: February 29, 2024

Art & Design
Computer Science
Engineering
Environmental Science
Liberal Arts & Social Sciences
Mathematics

Below is a list of best universities in Russia ranked based on their research performance in Mechanical Engineering. A graph of 714K citations received by 136K academic papers made by 158 universities in Russia was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. Moscow State University

For Mechanical Engineering

2. Tomsk State University

3. St. Petersburg State University

4. Bauman Moscow State Technical University

5. Ufa State Aviation Technical University

6. Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University

7. Tomsk Polytechnic University

8. Ural Federal University

9. South Ural State University

10. National Research University Higher School of Economics

11. Moscow Aviation Institute

12. Novosibirsk State University

13. ITMO University

14. N.R.U. Moscow Power Engineering Institute

15. National Research Nuclear University MEPI

16. Kazan Federal University

17. National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"

18. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

19. Samara National Research University

20. Moscow State Technological University "Stankin"

21. Novosibirsk State Technical University

22. RUDN University

23. Southern Federal University

24. Saratov State University

25. Ufa State Petroleum Technological University

26. Samara State Technical University

27. Siberian Federal University

28. Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI

29. Perm State Technical University

30. Omsk State Technical University

31. Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University

32. Moscow Polytech

33. Saint-Petersburg Mining University

34. Magnitogorsk State Technical University

35. Saratov State Technical University

36. Moscow State University of Railway Engineering

37. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod

38. Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University

39. Tula State University

40. Belgorod State Technological University

41. Far Eastern Federal University

42. Novgorod State University

43. belgorod state university.

44. Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation

45. Moscow Medical Academy

46. Kazan State Technological University

47. Russian State University of Oil and Gas

48. siberian state aerospace university.

49. Tambov State Technical University

50. Voronezh State University

51. Siberian State Industrial University

52. Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology

53. Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University

54. St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

55. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

56. Murmansk State Technical University

57. South-Western State University

58. Ogarev Mordovia State University

59. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics

60. south-russian state university of economics and service.

61. Perm State University

62. Kuzbass State Technical University

63. Russian National Research Medical University

64. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

65. Ulyanovsk State Technical University

66. Ulyanovsk State University

67. Penza State University

68. Kuban State University of Technology

69. Polzunov Altai State Technical University

70. Chelyabinsk State University

71. Yaroslavl State University

72. University of Tyumen

73. National Research University of Electronic Technology

74. Leningrad State University

75. Moscow State Pedagogical University

76. Udmurt State University

77. Irkutsk State University

78. North-Eastern Federal University

79. Bashkir State University

80. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

81. Kuban State University

82. Kuban State Agricultural University

83. St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation

84. Kemerovo State University

85. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University

86. Orenburg State University

87. Baltic State Technical University "Voenmeh"

88. Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building

89. Chuvash State University

90. ivanovo state power university.

91. Irkutsk National Research Technical University

92. Orel State University

93. State University of Management

94. Tomsk State Pedagogical University

95. Volgograd State University

96. Petrozavodsk State University

97. Tver State University

98. Northern Arctic Federal University

99. Omsk State Transport University

100. Kaliningrad State Technical University

The best cities to study Mechanical Engineering in Russia based on the number of universities and their ranks are Moscow , Tomsk , Saint Petersburg , and Ufa .

Engineering subfields in Russia

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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The largest country in the world at 17,075,400 square kilometres (or 6,592,800 sq mi), Russia has accumulated quite an impressive reputation. Covering more than an eight of the Earth's land area, 142 million people live there making it the ninth largest nation by population . Still known for its impressive days as the expansive Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia was the world's first and largest constitutionally socialist state. A recognized superpower, the USSR was known for its excellence in both arts and science winning many awards in both fields.

Russia changed drastically after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but it continues to be a powerful and important nation. It has one of the world's fastest growing economies and the world's eight largest GDP by nominal GDP. Russia is also one of the five countries which officially recognized nuclear weapons states. In conjunction with this title, Russia is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, the G8, APEC and the SCO, and is a leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

A European city in a country that lies over a vast part of Asia, Moscow holds one-tenth of all Russian residents . The city is located in the western region of Russia and is the capital and epicentre of political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation happenings. "Muscovites" , as residents are known, tend to be cultured and worldly. This may be due to the many scientific, educational, and artistic institutions that are based here. An intoxicating mix of the exotic and the familiar, it is the largest city in Europe with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world.

The city is situated on the banks of the Moskva River which flows through much of central Russia. Moscow is actually located in a basin for the Volga, Oka, Klyazma, and Moscow rivers. The city of Moscow is 994 sq. km with 49 bridges spanning the rivers and canals that criss-cross the city.

Forests are another part of Moscow's make-up. They coveer over a third of the territory in the region. A variety of animals like elk, wild boar, deer, foxes, weasels, lynx, martens, and birds make their home here.

Located in the UTC+3 time zone , Moscow has a humid continental climate. The summers tend to be warm and humid and the winters are long, cold, and hard. High temperatures occur during the warm months of June, July and August at about 23 °C (73 °F). Heat waves sometimes grip the city anywhere between May to September with temperatures spiking up to 30 °C (86 °F). Winters are harshly chilly with temperatures dropping to approximately 9 °C (15.8 °F). There is consistent snow cover for 3 to 5 months a year, usually from November to March.

Update 10/07/2009

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IMAGES

Medical Geography (Routledge Revivals): Progress and Prospect eBook
Perspectives in Medical Geography by Amy J. Blatt: New HRD (2012
Health and Medical Geography by Michael Emch PhD, Elisabeth Dowling
Medical Geography by Melinda S. Meade
Medical Geography: Techniques and Field Studies
MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY 1966 Moscow 1968

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COMMENTS

Focus Area 2: Medical Geography in Global Health (MGGH)
Medical geography, an important area of health research, applies concepts, methods, and techniques from geography to investigate health-related topics across the world, focusing on spatial aspects of human and animal (livestock and wildlife) disease and health intervention. Sub-areas Disease modeling Risk mapping Spatial epidemiology analysis One Health Zoonotic emergence Spatial health ...
Ph.D. (Doctoral) Programs in Population
A Public Health degree that combines Geography/GIS and Sociology. In our innovative interdisciplinary doctoral program, you have the unique opportunity to train with world-class faculty from the USC Dornsife Department of Sociology, the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences of the Keck School of Medicine of USC, and the USC Dornsife Spatial Sciences Institute, and others across ...
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Information for Prospective Graduate Students. I expect to accept a PhD. student for entry in Fall 2024. I look for potential graduate students who have professional experiences, a strong academic record, quantitative skills, and an interest in pursuing research in medical/health geography that are generally aligned with the lab's research.
PhD in Geography
Spatial location plays an important role in shaping population health through environmental and socioeconomic risks. Health geography can be divided in two research areas. First, research focusing on the geography of disease and ill health, including descriptive analyses (disease frequencies and distribution), and on characteristics which make ...
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Health Geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. ... Integrating Social and Systems Science Approaches to Promote Oral Health Equity. Sara Metcalf, PhD. Tracking the spatial-temporal dynamics of influenza in WNY with smartphones, Ling Bian, PhD. Dengue ...
Michael Emch, PhD
Carolina Population Center. (919) 843-1010. [email protected]. 206 Carolina Hall. CB #3220. Chapel Hill, NC 27599. USA. Curriculum Vitae Personal Website Spatial Health Group Infectious Disease, Epidemiology and Ecology Lab (IDEEL) Dr. Michael Emch is W.R. Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Geography and Epidemiology.
Health geography: supporting public health policy and planning
Traditionally, research in health geography spans 2 distinct avenues: the patterns, causes and spread of disease, and the planning and provision of health services. Research in these interlinked areas supports policy development. For example, disease epidemiology is in part related to the geography of health service provision. 4.
Medical Geography
Medical geography is a holistic field that draws on the concepts, theories, and techniques of geography and other social and biophysical sciences. It spans the biological, environmental, and social sciences and uses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This bibliography begins with general overview texts and main theories in medical ...
Medical Geography
Medical Geography. Jonathan D. Mayer Undergraduate, PhD, Jonathan D. Mayer Undergraduate, PhD. Professor of Epidemiology Program Director. University of Washington in Seattle, USA. Search for more papers by this author. Jonathan D. Mayer Undergraduate, PhD,
IJERPH
Geography has an important role to play in shaping the direction of medical research. In particular, its tools and theory provide essential understanding to the impacts of place on health behaviors and outcomes. Understanding some of its evolution—particularly into the subfield of medical geography—is therefore useful both for geographers and medical researchers.
Medical Geography _ Concepts, Techniques and Approaches
Abstract. Medical Geography as a field of study is dependent on the major traditions of Geography. As a sub-discipline of Human Geography, Medical Geography deals with human-environment ...
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) The Ph.D. is a different kind of degree from the master's degree. A doctoral candidate in Geography must be capable of making original contributions to knowledge and scholarship. It is unlikely that a person will make such contributions unless he or she concentrates on a narrow and clearly defined field of study.
PhD in Geography
PhD in Geography, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Now accepting applications for Fall 2024. GRE requirement waived for 2024 Admissions. The priority deadline for funding consideration is February 15th, 2024. The PhD in Geography is our department's core doctoral program reflecting the multi-disciplinary research and teaching ...
Geographical Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Graduate Catalog. Programs. Geographical Sciences (GEOG) Geographical Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Geographical Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) For those entering with a Master's degree in Geography, the PhD should be completed withing 4 years; For those entering with a Bachelor's or without a Geography background, the PhD ...
Graduate Certificates
Medical Geography (Graduate) The world faces a pressing need for geographic theories, methods, and techniques to address global health issues. The Medical Geography certificate provides training in spatial disease ecology, global health, and essential geostatistical approaches to public health. Hands-on experiences of geospatial analysis are ...
Ph.D.
Students can enter the program with advanced standing from their previous graduate education (e.g., M.A. or M.S.), and in limited cases directly from the B.A. or B.S. The Ph.D. program of study leads to: Knowledge of the discipline of geography; Broad knowledge of a subfield of geography and its literature; and; Specific expertise in the subfield
Location, location, location: How geography acts as a structural
In unincorporated communities in the United States-Mexico borderlands, historically and socially marginalized populations become invisible to the health care system, showing that geography acts as ...
Best 56 Geography PhD Programmes in United States 2024
Geography. The University of New Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. Ph.D. Geography. University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Beverly Hills, California, United States. This page shows a selection of the available PhDs in United States. If you're interested in studying a Geography degree in United States you can view all 56 PhDs.
How geography acts as a structural determinant of health
How geography acts as a structural determinant of health Date: April 26, 2024 Source: University of California - Riverside Summary: In unincorporated communities in the United States-Mexico ...
People Directory
Medical Physics 2015;42:196-205. Cheney MD, Chen YL, Lim R, Winrich BK, Grosu AL, Trofimov AV, Depauw N, Shih HA, Schwab JH, Hornicek FJ, DeLaney TF. 18F-FMISO PET/CT visualization of tumor hypoxia in patients with chordoma of the mobile and sacrococcygeal spine.
Mechanical Engineering in Russia: Best universities Ranked
EduRank.org is an independent metric-based ranking of 14,131 universities from 183 countries. We utilize the world's largest scholarly papers database with 98,302,198 scientific publications and 2,149,512,106 citations to rank universities across 246 research topics.
40 Facts About Elektrostal
40 Facts About Elektrostal. Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to ...
Geography of Moscow, Overview of Russia
The city is situated on the banks of the Moskva River which flows through much of central Russia. Moscow is actually located in a basin for the Volga, Oka, Klyazma, and Moscow rivers. The city of Moscow is 994 sq. km with 49 bridges spanning the rivers and canals that criss-cross the city. Forests are another part of Moscow's make-up.

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Medical Geography by Jennifer Winston , Michael Emch LAST REVIEWED: 26 February 2013 LAST MODIFIED: 26 February 2013 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0034

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Location, location, location: How geography acts as a structural determinant of health

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