ib psychology extended essay topics

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International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

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IB Psychology EE examples

Filter exemplars, to what extent does global self-esteem influence academic performance, to what extent is mental cognitive specific imagery an effective strategy in enhancing skill specific performance for individual athletes, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, how does maintaining high levels of oxytocin would influence positive behaviors that impact the longevity of romantic relationships in adults, how does major depressive disorder impact the academic performance of youth, to what extent do the big five personality traits play a role in predicting the risk of alzheimer’s disease, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent do genetics play a role in male homosexuality, to what extent does conflict contribute to the effectiveness of teamwork, to what extent does intensive care treatment lead to the development of ptsd post- discharge, to what extent does oxytocin affect interpersonal trust in young adults, to what extent do social networking sites increase rates of anxiety in adolescents, how could family-based therapies such as cff-cbt, fft, and fft-hr be implemented in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder, to what extent is group art therapy effective in treating the negative effects of schizophrenia, to what extent is bilingualism an additive advantage in accelerating cognitive development during early childhood, to what extent do violent video-games increase aggressive behaviour in adolescents, to what extent was age a significant predictor of the subjective feeling of the passage of time during the covid-19 pandemic, to what extent is the use of psilocybin an effective therapeutic approach in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (trd), to what extent does music influence the different components of working memory, an analysis of the impact of social and emotional impairment on children with adhd, social media use and mental health during covid-19, to what extent is cognitive-behavioral therapy (cbt) a more effective intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) in adults compared to prolonged exposure therapy (pe), to what extent is art therapy effective in treating anxiety, analysis of sociocultural effects - western media on the etiology of anorexia nervosa present in adolescent females, to what extent is exposure to corporal punishment before preadolescence correlated with decreased emotional regulation, to what extent do violent video games contribute to aggressive behaviour in adolescents, how effective is debiasing in reducing the influence of cognitive biases in decision making, to what extent can the infliction of corporal punishment by parents cause aggression in children, to what extent does lack of support influence the development of depressive symptoms in transgender people among other sociocultural factors, to what extent does stress negatively influence an individual’s performance on examinations, how do action video games influence the cognitive processes of memory and attention, practice essay: to what extent does mass media play a role in normalizing unethical food choices, to what extent is schizophrenia developed through inheritance, ee draft: integration of societal factors within the lives of adolescents: analysis on mental and physical well-being, to what extent does autism play a role in the onset of depression, to what extent are immigrant adolescents more susceptible to internalizing behaviours.

Extended Essay Writers

Psychology EE | 30 Topics

Luke MacQuoid

The Extended Essay (EE) is a 4000-word research paper that is a requirement for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program. The EE allows students to explore a topic of their choice in depth and to demonstrate their research and writing skills. Choosing a suitable topic for the EE can be a daunting task for students as it should be related to the subject they are studying and should be researchable, specific, and clear. In this guide, we will suggest some Psychology topics for the EE, but before that, let’s take a look at the importance of choosing a good topic.

A good research question for this Group 3: Individuals and Societies will not only make the research and writing process more enjoyable but also increase the chances of getting a higher grade. A well-chosen topic will be one that is interesting and challenging and one that allows the student to demonstrate their knowledge and skills.

Examples of topics students can use for essays.

These are experiments students can use for psychology ee topics:, there are several ways students can use these themes in their essays:, choose your psychology topic wisely.

• The impact of parental divorce on children’s mental health
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating anxiety disorders
• The effects of mindfulness on stress reduction
• The impact of social media on self-esteem
• The relationship between attachment style and romantic relationships
• The effects of nature exposure on mental well-being
• The effectiveness of group therapy for treating depression
• The impact of parental involvement on academic achievement
• The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function
• The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement
• The effectiveness of hypnotherapy for treating phobias
• The impact of parental warmth on child development
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for treating PTSD
• The impact of social support on mental health
• The relationship between personality traits and career success
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for treating chronic pain
• The impact of parental substance abuse on child development
• The relationship between emotional regulation and coping with stress
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating insomnia
• The impact of parental nurturing on child development
• The relationship between self-compassion and well-being
• The effectiveness of music therapy for treating depression
• The impact of parental physical abuse on adult relationships
• The relationship between attachment style and emotional expressiveness
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• The impact of parental emotional abuse on adult relationships
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction
• The effectiveness of schema therapy for treating personality disorders
• The impact of parental neglect on child development

Need help with your Psychology EE?

You can also use our extended essay writers team’s services if you need assistance selecting a topic . Furthermore, we can also help you write your extended essay from scratch or edit your draft following the IB criteria.

Please keep in mind that the above topics are suggestions and should be refined to make them researchable, specific, and clear as per the requirement of the Extended Essay.

• The impact of parental divorce on children’s mental health: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the mental health of children from divorced and non-divorced families and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental divorce on children’s emotional regulation and coping with stress.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating anxiety disorders: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating anxiety disorders in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The effects of mindfulness on stress reduction: Students can conduct experiments to study the impact of mindfulness practices on stress levels in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of social media on self-esteem: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the self-esteem levels of individuals who use social media frequently and those who do not. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of social media use on self-esteem.
• The relationship between attachment style and romantic relationships: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the attachment styles of individuals in romantic relationships and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of attachment style on romantic relationship satisfaction.
• The effects of nature exposure on mental well-being: Students can conduct experiments to study the impact of nature exposure on mental well-being in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The effectiveness of group therapy for treating depression: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of group therapy in treating depression in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental involvement on academic achievement: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the academic achievement levels of students with involved and non-involved parents and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of different levels of parental involvement on academic achievement.
• The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function: Students can conduct experiments to study the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the self-esteem and academic achievement levels of students and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of self-esteem on academic achievement.
• The effectiveness of hypnotherapy for treating phobias: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in treating phobias in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental warmth on child development: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the child development of children with warm and non-warm parents and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental warmth on child development.
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness of individuals in leadership positions and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness.
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for treating PTSD: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating PTSD in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of social support on mental health: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the mental health of individuals with high levels of social support and those with low levels of social support and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of social support on mental health.
• The relationship between personality traits and career success: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the personality traits and career success of individuals in different careers and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of personality traits on career success.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for treating chronic pain: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in treating chronic pain in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental substance abuse on child development: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the child development of children with substance-abusing parents and those with non-substance-abusing parents and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental substance abuse on child development.
• The relationship between emotional regulation and coping with stress: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the emotional regulation and coping with stress levels of individuals and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of emotional regulation on coping with stress.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating insomnia: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating insomnia in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental nurturing on child development: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the child development of children with nurturing parents and those with non-nurturing parents and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental nurturing on child development.
• The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the self-compassion and well-being levels of individuals and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of self-compassion on well-being.
• The effectiveness of music therapy for treating depression: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of music therapy in treating depression in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental physical abuse on adult relationships: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the adult relationships of individuals who experienced parental physical abuse and those who did not and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental physical abuse on adult relationships.
• The relationship between attachment style and emotional expressiveness: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the attachment styles and emotional expressiveness of individuals and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of attachment style on emotional expressiveness.
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating borderline personality disorder (BPD): Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental emotional abuse on adult relationships: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the adult relationships of individuals who experienced parental emotional abuse and those who did not and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental emotional abuse on adult relationships.
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction levels of individuals in romantic relationships and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of emotional intelligence on relationship satisfaction.
• The effectiveness of schema therapy for treating personality disorders: Students can conduct experiments to study the effectiveness of schema therapy in treating personality disorders in a specific population. They can conduct pre and post-treatment assessments and compare the results.
• The impact of parental neglect on child development: Students can conduct surveys or interviews to gather data on the child development of children who experienced parental neglect and those who did not and compare the results. They can also conduct experiments to study the impact of parental neglect on child development, including its effect on physical, emotional, and cognitive development.
• Research: Students can use these themes as a starting point to conduct research on a specific topic. They can gather information from academic journals, books, and online sources to support their arguments and findings.
• Experiment: Students can design and conduct experiments to test hypotheses related to these themes. For example, they can study the effects of nature exposure on mental well-being by comparing the moods of participants who spend time in nature versus those who do not.
• Case Study: Students can conduct a case study on an individual or group of individuals to better understand a specific theme. For example, they can study the impact of parental divorce on children’s mental health by interviewing and observing children from divorced families.
• Surveys and Interviews: Students can conduct surveys and interviews to gather data on these themes. For example, they can survey college students on the impact of social media on self-esteem or interview therapists on the effectiveness of different therapeutic techniques for treating a specific mental disorder.
• Literature Review: Students can conduct a literature review to evaluate the existing research on a specific theme. For example, they can review the existing literature on the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement to identify gaps in the research and areas for future study.

It’s important to note that the above mentioned ways are some examples of how students can use the theme when writing a Psychology Extended Essay , they can come up with their own methods as well, as long as they are appropriate, ethical, and follows the guidelines of the Extended Essay.

It is worth mentioning while students are encouraged to conduct independent research and to write for their Extended Essay, they may also seek help from writing services . Writing services can provide assistance with research, editing, proofreading, and formatting to help students produce a high-quality essay that meets the requirements of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program. 

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Read on to find inspiration for topics across a wide range of subjects.

Extended Essay: The Love/Hate aspect of the IB

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Annoyingly, coming up with that idea and research question can be the toughest part of the entire process. Writing 4,000 words about something you are interested in is a big ask and it often feels impossible to narrow down your thoughts. To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from A Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today !

How to Begin Your IB Extended Essay

To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to  create your own research question !

Get Support from a Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna, we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today!

10 Steps to Writing an Extended Essay

Before we look at specific topics for your essay, let’s recap the 10-steps you’ll need to follow to complete your extended essay.

1. Define the Topic and Draft the Research Question

2. Create a Timeline

3. Identify and gather Sources

4. Set Deadlines

5. Plan the structure according to the total word count

6. Evaluate

7. independent Research

8. Write the extended essay draft

10. Present

By following the steps above, you should be able to produce a logical and coherent rationale to follow when writing the extended essay for your IB diploma programme.

By starting with a solid research question, you’ll be able to put an extended essay of global significance together, from the research and writing process all the way through to your final submission with a favourable extended essay grade.

Below, we’re sharing 10 topics across 10 subjects to inspire your next IB extended essay.

1. How the change of habitat affects an X organism?

2. How does climate affect the growth of X plant?

3. Can photosynthesis take place without sunlight?

4. What is the effect of age and gender on the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?

5. How is climate change impacting the appearance of coral reefs?

6. An evaluation of how  antioxidants  work in our bodies?

7. Does hand sanitizer, hand soap or antibacterial wipes have the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of E. Coli?

8. To what extent do live cultures in yogurts/milk/other dairy products reduce the concentration of lactose present over the course of a 2 hour incubation period at x°C?

9. What is the relationship between  population density  between X and population size of X?

10. What is the relationship between indoleacetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop)?

11. How does human influence impact an aquatic ecosystem?

12. How can one organize a pollution check along a X canal in X?

13. What is the effect of the increased ecological footprint in the  Amazon ?

14. What are the forest and woodland restoration in Siberia, Russia and which one is most effective?

15. How does human interference cause ecological imbalances in an X city/country/continent?

16. What is the impact of urban development on the  bee population  in X city?

17. What are the differences in the conversation efforts in Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and the Lake District National Park (UK)?

18. To what extent have healthcare policies in X country influenced their human population curve?

19. How have changes in environmental systems influenced the value system of X country?

20. How has X landfill site affected the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

21. What is the profitability of  airline companies ?

22. How does unemployment affect the market?

23. Why did X recession occur?

24. How did the financial Policy affect the economy in X?

25. How effective are government policies in reducing overconsumption of alcohol (specifically hard liquor)?

26. To what extent are public buses and subways substitute goods in a country?

27. How did the tax reform in country x affect its growth and development? (many countries to choose from)

28. To what extent was weak government policy responsible for the Latin American financial crisis of 1997?

29. How effective is the  Big Mac Index  in measuring purchasing power parity?

30. To what extent would the UK suffer from leaving the European Customs Union if Brexit happens?

31. Is there an association between viewing violence on television and the display of violent acts?

32. What motivational climate should a coach employ in order to achieve optimal performance in athletes?

33. How does  X hormone affect human behavior ?

34. Compare theories explaining altruism in human behaviour

35. Discuss short-term and long-term consequences of exposure to violence

36. Why do relationships change or end?

37. Discuss how  social variables (poverty, parenting, educational environment) may the affect cognitive environment.

38. To what extent do mirror neurons play a role in empathy? (2014)

39. To what extent does Mindfulness help people cope with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

40. To what extent is drug therapy effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

41. Does the British Parliamentary reforms act of 1832 deserve its title as the great reform act?

42. To what extent are there similarities in Hitler and Mussolini’s Rise to Power?

43. To what extent did Mao’s tackle the problems which he faced?

44. Was Tsar Alexander II of Russia reforms a success or failure?

45. To what extent was the bombing of Dresden in 1945 justifiable?

46. To what extent can  Sweden be considered neutral during WWII ?

47. The impact of structural economic weakness on the collapse of the Soviet Union.

48. How were women treated differently in 1920s and 1950s Great Britain?

49. Why did Israel win the  Six Day War  of 1967?

50. What role did economics play in the unification of Germany from 1834 to 1871?

English Literature

51. What are the Compare and Contrast Jane Austen Books?

52. How does Joseph Conrad’s portray Racism in A Heart of Darkness?

53. How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman critique today’s capitalist society? The American Dream?

54. To what extent does Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild escape familial influence?

55. What are the similarities and differences between J.K. Rowling’s characterization of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?

56. How does Yaa Gyasi use structure in her novel Homegoing to portray the evolution of time?

57. What is the impact of the social context on Holden Caufield and Huckleberry Finn?

58. How does Sylvia Path’s use of Inanimate objects in Bell Jar?

59. How is the empowerment of Feminine portrayed in the Lord of the Rings?

60. Compare the political rhetoric as used in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

61. The design, construction and calibration of an apparatus for measuring lipid concentration in milk.

62. What is the effect of a change in the optimal lift on the horizontal gliding distance of an aircraft?

63. How does the sugar concentration affect the refractive index of water?

64. How does temperature affect the viscosity of X juice/soda?

65. Is the relationship between temperature and conductivity and insulators and conductors?

66. What is the Oberth Effect?

67. What is the temperature dependence of work performed on an AA battery?

68. How can the rotational frequency of a fan driven by a flame measure distance?

69. Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators?

70. How does the diameter of a wheel affect stability in different weather conditions?

71. What factors influence the location of industries in country/city X?

72. An investigation into the significance of preserving the quality of water in a continent/country/city?

73. An investigation into the degree to which City X can be considered a Sustainable City/Community.

74. To what extent is Biodiversity being managed successfully in city X?

75. To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Country x’s fertility rate?

76. To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk?

77. To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Country/city x (a country/city that has developed in a rapid rate over the past decades)?

78. To what extent is the Company x corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability?

79. To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at National Park X?

80. What types of urban design encourage high rates of vandalism in X neighbourhoods?

81. The kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions.

82. How do Iron Intake Diets differ in X country?

83. What are the different factors that affect the iodine values in cooking oils?

84. What is the effect of standing time and temperate on the acid content in X juice or soda?

85. Can caffeine in tea or coffee be reduced?

86. What is the effect of temperature on the souring of milk?

87. What are the sources of error in calorimetry?

88. Does brushing your teeth affect the pH in your mouth after eating?

89. How does changing the concentration of the reagents affect the formation and spacing between Liesehang rings in the reaction between X chloride and X when conducted in a test tube?

90. What effect does the coating of aspirin tablets have on the hydrolysis of aspirin?

Social and Cultural Anthropology

91. How clothing relates to the cultural anthropology of X culture.

92. The extent to which social media networks affect different societies.

93. The relationship between ritual, myths and faith in an X society.

94. The history of rituals in X culture.

95. How different marriage rituals inform the cultural anthropology of X culture.

96. Climate change and its impact on the evolution of different creatures on the planet.

97. Understanding the social and cultural anthropology of the supernatural in X culture.

98. An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology.

100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies.

There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects:

– Information technology

– Computer science

– Health science

– World studies

– Visual arts

– Business management

Extended essays are a great way to improve your writing skills in academic writing. Essays of a high standard that demonstrate critical thinking and in depth analysis can be submitted to academic journals. These have the potential to reach the global society.

Start Writing Your Extended Essay Topic

We hope this gave you some great inspiration for the variation of topics available for your Extended Essay . The research question you select is what will carry you through the entire process, so be sure to choose wisely!

Remember, if you are looking for more help with your Extended Essay, make sure to check out our guide which will tell you exactly how to plan, structure, research and write your Extended Essay!

Grab Free Extended Essay Resources!

No matter the subject groups in your diploma program, we’re here to help all of our IB students. Whether you’re writing about social and cultural anthropology, business management, design technology, or scientific methods for your IB diploma, Lanterna has you covered.

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Extended Essay: Individuals & Societies: Psychology

• Step 1 - Choosing a Subject
• Step 2 - Choosing a Topic
• Step 3 - Draft a Research Question
• Step 4 - Finding Sources
• Step 5 - Evaluating Information
• Step 6 - Bibliography & Citation
• Step 7 - Organizing Information
• The Arts: Visual Arts
• Individuals & Societies: Business Management
• Individuals & Societies: History
• Individuals & Societies: Psychology
• Language Acquisition
• Language and Literature
• Sciences: Biology
• Sciences: Sports, Exercise, and Health Sciences
• Interdisciplinary Papers: World Studies
• Assessment Criteria
• Research Questions
• Investigation

Extended Essays in Psychology

Choosing a Topic

Establishing a subtopic of Psychology will be very important for students narrowing their topics.

If a student is interested in stress, they may then narrow this to the topic of stress within commercial aviation. Many large commercial airlines employ psychologists to investigate pilot performance and factors such as stress or emergency management. The student’s research question could be: “To what extent does airline pilot stress affect airline safety standards?”

Students must ensure that enough relevant and appropriate resources are available for them to conduct their research. They should investigate this at the start of their planning process.

The research question should require the construction of a systematically structured and fully supported argument in the development of an informed conclusion.

Approaches to Research

Research in Psychology

Psychology Sources

Writing the Essay

To develop a well-rounded understanding of their topic, students should carefully evaluate any research they cite. The essay should offer a balanced argument in response to the research question.

Students should demonstrate critical awareness and understanding of the material they use. They should analyze rather than simply describe. They need to apply what they have read to the research question rather than report the information.

A Psychology EE should allow students to recognize that the content and methodologies are wide ranging and require students to critically evaluate the choices they make with regard to methodologies. An EE in psychology should demonstrate such understanding.

Students can address cultural, ethical, gender and methodological considerations potentially affecting how a particular study or theory interprets behavior. Comparative analysis may also be a useful evaluative strategy.

Assessed Student Work

• Treatment for Autistic Spectrum Disorders
• The copycat effect: An analysis of suicides emulated from non-fictional and fictional media
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IB Extended Essay: 250+ Ideas and Guide

Charles Whitehouse

What is the IB Extended Essay?

The Extended Essay , along with the Creativity, Activity, Service component and Theory of Knowledge , forms an integral part of the IB Diploma Programme . It offers IB high school students an opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest in-depth, develop research and writing skills, and experience the rigours of academic investigation.

One of the distinguishing features of the IB Extended Essay is its length. It requires students to write a substantial essay of up to 4,000 words, which is equivalent to about 16-20 pages. This allows students to delve into their chosen subject matter and demonstrate their ability to engage with complex ideas.

Over 88,000 IBDP students across the globe undertook the Extended Essay in 2022 as part of their IB Diploma requirements. It has been lauded as an effective preparation for university-level research and writing, helping students develop critical thinking, analytical, and independent research skills.

The Extended Essay is an opportunity for students to apply the knowledge and skills gained from their chosen subjects in a multidisciplinary manner. It encourages interdisciplinary exploration, enabling students to connect different areas of knowledge and develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

In order to successfully complete the Extended Essay, students must adhere to a structured process that includes selecting a research question, conducting thorough research, organising their findings, and presenting their analysis and conclusions in a coherent manner. By undertaking the IB Extended Essay, students not only enhance their academic skills but also develop essential skills such as time management, critical thinking, and independent inquiry.

How to Choose Your Extended Essay Research Question?

Choosing a research question for your IB Extended Essay is a crucial step that sets the direction and scope of your investigation. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind when selecting your research question:

1. Personal Interest: Choose a topic that genuinely interests you. Passion for the subject matter will fuel your motivation and dedication throughout the research process.

2. Feasibility: Ensure that your research question is manageable within the constraints of the Extended Essay. Consider the availability of resources, time required for research and analysis, and the scope of the topic.

3. Specificity: Formulate a research question that is focused and specific. A broad question may lead to a lack of depth in your analysis, while a narrow question may limit the availability of relevant sources and data.

4. Relevance: Select a research question that is relevant to the subject you are investigating. It should align with the objectives and content of the chosen subject area.

5. Novelty: Aim for a research question that offers a unique perspective or contributes to existing knowledge. Originality in your approach and analysis can make your Extended Essay stand out.

6. Consultation: Seek guidance from your teachers, mentors, or IB tutors . They can provide valuable insights and help you refine your research question.

Remember that your research question will shape the entire trajectory of your Extended Essay, so take the time to carefully consider and refine it before proceeding with your research.

Now, let's explore a variety of ideas for each subject, providing you with a diverse range of potential topics to consider for your IB Extended Essay.

Top 10 IB Extended Essay Subjects in 2022

Extended Essay Ideas for Each Subject

1. How Do Fibonacci Sequences Apply in Real World Scenarios?

2. Do Fractals Have a Role in Modelling Weather Patterns?

3. Is the Monty Hall Problem Really Counter-Intuitive? A Statistical Analysis.

4. To What Extent Does the Golden Ratio Appear in Architecture?

5. How Does Bayesian Probability Predict Election Outcomes?

6. The Role of Game Theory in the Cold War: A Mathematical Perspective.

7. Can Catastrophe Theory Model Stock Market Crashes?

8. How Effective are Neural Networks in Predicting Future Events?

9. A Study of the Mathematical Strategies Employed in Chess.

10. Comparing the Accuracy of Different Numerical Methods for Solving Differential Equations.

11. Is Bitcoin's Value Deterministic or Stochastic?

12. How Does Voronoi Diagram Optimize Emergency Service Locations?

13. Using the Markov Chain to Predict Weather Patterns.

14. To What Extent is RSA Encryption Secure?

15. How Does Linear Algebra Apply in Computer Graphics?

16. An Investigation into the Math Behind Google's PageRank Algorithm.

17. How Effective is the Math Behind Machine Learning Algorithms?

18. Exploring the Effect of Maths in Optimising Traffic Flow.

19. Are There Mathematical Patterns in Successful Lottery Numbers?

20. How Efficiently Can Prime Numbers Be Generated?

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Study Notes and IB Practice Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

English Literature

1. The Role of Feminism in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

2. A Study of Racial Identity in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye.

3. Is Hamlet Truly Mad or Just Pretending? An Analysis.

4. The Impact of Post-Colonialism in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart.

5. How Does Orwell Use Language to Depict Dystopia in 1984?

6. The Influence of Gothic Elements in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.

7. The Depiction of Mental Illness in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar.

8. The Role of Nature in William Wordsworth's Romantic Poetry.

9. The Effect of Social Hierarchy in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.

10. How Does Harper Lee Convey Themes of Racial Injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird?

11. Exploring Gender Stereotypes in George Eliot's Middlemarch.

12. The Role of Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth.

13. Exploring the Influence of Marxism in George Orwell's Animal Farm.

14. A Study of Homosexuality in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.

15. How Does Virginia Woolf Explore Feminism in Mrs Dalloway?

16. The Depiction of War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front.

17. The Role of the American Dream in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.

18. The Use of Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.

19. A Study of Isolation in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.

20. The Impact of Social Class in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations.

1. How Do Different pH Levels Affect the Activity of Enzymes in Yeast?

2. Investigating the Effects of Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis.

3. How Does Temperature Affect the Germination of Seeds?

4. Impact of Varying Salinity Levels on Brine Shrimp Survival Rates.

5. The Role of Epigenetics in Gene Expression: Case Study on Identical Twins.

6. To What Extent Do Different Antibiotics Inhibit Bacterial Growth?

7. How Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate of Daphnia?

8. An Investigation into the Impact of Pollution on Local Plant Diversity.

9. The Impact of Various Drugs on the Pulsation Rate of Lumbriculus variegatus.

10. Comparing the Efficacy of Natural Vs. Synthetic Pesticides on Plant Growth.

11. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity: A Literature Review.

12. Does the Level of Vitamin C in Oranges Change Over Time?

13. How Do Different Types of Soil Affect Earthworm Activity?

14. Investigating the Correlation Between Altitude and Plant Biodiversity.

15. Analysis of Microplastic Concentration in Local Freshwater Bodies.

16. Impact of Noise Pollution on Birdsong: A Case Study.

17. A Comparison of Antibacterial Properties in Manuka Honey Vs. Regular Honey.

18. The Effect of Different Light Wavelengths on the Growth of Pea Plants.

19. How Does Exercise Intensity Impact Blood Glucose Levels?

20. Is There a Correlation Between Water pH and Aquatic Life Diversity?

1. How Does Temperature Affect the Rate of Reaction in the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide?

2. Investigating the Effectiveness of Different Antacids on Stomach Acid.

3. A Comparative Study on the Vitamin C Concentration in Different Citrus Fruits.

4. How Does Cooking Time Affect the Vitamin C Levels in Vegetables?

5. To What Extent Does Enzyme Concentration Affect the Fermentation of Yeast?

6. Analysis of Caffeine Content in Different Types of Tea .

7. The Effect of Different Factors on the Corrosion of Iron.

8. How Does the Concentration of Sodium Chloride Affect the Electrolysis of Water?

9. Comparing the Energy Output of Different Biofuels.

10. The Effect of Temperature on the Crystal Size in the Recrystallisation Process.

11. Comparing the Acidities of Natural and Processed Foods.

12. Investigating the Effect of Various Catalysts on the Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition.

13. Synthesis of Aspirin: A Study on the Purity of the Product.

14. Comparing the Efficiency of Different Types of Solar Panels.

15. Investigating the Impact of Carbonation on pH Levels in Various Soft Drinks.

16. The Effect of Chelating Agents on the Solubility of Metal Ions.

17. A Study on the Photodegradation of Dyes Using Titanium Dioxide.

18. How Do Different Sugar Types Affect Fermentation Rates in Yeast?

19. Analysis of Water Hardness in Various Local Water Supplies.

20. Investigating the Efficacy of Different Water Filtration Methods in Removing Heavy Metals.

1. Investigating the Relationship Between the Drop Height and Crater Size in a Simulated Impact.

2. How Does the Angle of Incidence Affect the Efficiency of a Solar Panel?

3. Analysing the Relationship Between the Length of a Pendulum and Its Period.

4. To What Extent Does the Mass of a Projectile Affect Its Range?

5. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Drag Force on a Falling Object.

6. A Study on the Efficiency of Different Insulating Materials in Reducing Heat Loss.

7. How Does the Depth of Water Affect Wave Speed?

8. The Relationship Between the Angle of Release and the Distance Traveled by a Trebuchet.

9. Investigating the Effect of Surface Area on Terminal Velocity.

10. How Does the Thickness of a Wire Affect Its Electrical Resistance?

11. The Impact of Varying Air Pressure on the Lift Force of an Airfoil.

12. Analysing the Relationship Between the Magnitude of an Earthquake and the Distance from the Epicentre.

13. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Speed of Sound in Different Media.

14. How Does the Concentration of a Solution Affect Its Refractive Index?

15. The Effect of Various Materials on the Absorption of Radiation.

16. A Study on the Efficiency of Wind Turbines at Different Wind Speeds.

17. Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity of Liquids.

18. How Does the Type of Material Affect the Transmission of Sound Waves?

19. The Relationship Between the Angle of a Ramp and the Frictional Force Acting on an Object.

20. A Study on the Factors Affecting the Strength of Electromagnets.

1. The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers' Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Study.

2. Investigating the Role of Parenting Styles in Child Development.

3. The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance.

4. How Does Classical Conditioning Apply in Advertising Strategies?

5. The Impact of Colour on Consumer Behaviour: A Study in Retail Settings.

6. The Role of Social Support in Coping with Stress.

7. To What Extent Does Personality Influence Career Success?

8. Investigating the Effect of Group Dynamics on Decision Making.

9. The Impact of Music on Cognitive Task Performance.

10. A Study on the Effectiveness of Different Techniques for Reducing Test Anxiety.

11. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance.

12. Analysing the Impact of Stereotype Threat on Test Performance.

13. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Formation of False Memories.

14. How Does the Bystander Effect Manifest in Online Settings?

15. The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing Stress and Anxiety.

16. Analysing the Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Occupational Choices.

17. Investigating the Influence of Cultural Background on Conflict Resolution Styles.

18. The Impact of Video Games on Aggression: A Meta-Analysis.

19. A Study on the Factors Affecting Altruistic Behaviour.

20. The Role of Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships.

1. Investigating the Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rates in Urban Areas.

2. The Effect of Immigration on Wage Levels: A Case Study.

3. To What Extent Does Government Spending Influence Economic Growth?

4. A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Tourism in Coastal Vs. Inland Regions.

5. Assessing the Impact of Brexit on the UK's Trade Balance.

6. The Role of Microfinance in Alleviating Poverty in Rural India.

7. Investigating the Effects of Minimum Wage Policies on Small Businesses.

8. The Impact of Covid-19 on the Global Supply Chain: A Study on the Auto Industry.

9. How Do Oil Prices Affect Inflation Rates? A Historical Analysis.

10. A Study on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth.

11. The Effect of Trade Tariffs on Domestic Industries: The Case of US-China Trade War.

12. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Development of Emerging Markets.

13. To What Extent Does Education Contribute to Economic Productivity?

14. The Impact of Climate Change Policies on the Energy Sector.

15. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Combating Recessions.

16. The Role of the Informal Economy in Urban Development: A Case Study.

17. Investigating the Correlation Between Real Estate Prices and Economic Growth.

18. The Impact of Population Aging on Healthcare Expenditure .

19. Assessing the Economic Consequences of Natural Disasters: A Case Study.

20. The Effect of Technological Advancements on Employment Rates in the Manufacturing Sector.

Business Management

1. The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation in Tech Start-ups.

2. How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Brand Image?

3. The Role of Human Resource Management in Employee Retention.

4. Investigating the Impact of E-commerce on Traditional Retail Businesses.

5. How Do Changes in Interest Rates Affect Small Business Financing?

6. The Role of Innovation in the Competitive Advantage of Businesses.

7. Investigating the Effects of Workplace Diversity on Team Performance.

8. The Impact of Organisational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction.

9. How Does Supply Chain Management Affect the Profitability of Manufacturing Firms?

10. The Role of Digital Marketing in Enhancing Customer Engagement.

11. Assessing the Impact of Brexit on the Business Strategy of UK-based Companies.

12. The Effect of Ethical Practices on Business Reputation.

13. Investigating the Role of Strategic Alliances in Enhancing Market Position.

14. The Impact of Covid-19 on Remote Work Policies: A Case Study.

15. How Does Customer Relationship Management Influence Customer Loyalty?

16. The Effect of Government Regulations on Startup Ecosystem.

17. Evaluating the Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Performance.

18. The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Employee Morale.

19. The Effect of Green Initiatives on Business Sustainability.

20. The Role of Business Intelligence in Decision-making.

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1. Investigating the Impact of Urbanisation on Local Biodiversity: A Case Study.

2. The Role of Climate Change in the Spread of Vector-borne Diseases.

3. The Effect of River Diversions on Local Ecosystems.

4. Assessing the Impact of Deforestation on Local Climate: A Case Study.

5. The Role of Tourism in the Sustainable Development of Coastal Regions.

6. Investigating the Impact of Gentrification on Urban Neighbourhoods: A Case Study.

7. The Effect of Climate Change on the Availability of Freshwater Resources.

8. Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Practices on Soil Erosion in Rural Areas.

9. Analysing the Relationship Between Population Density and Transportation Infrastructure.

10. The Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Case Study.

11. Investigating the Impact of Land Reclamation on Coastal Ecosystems.

12. The Effect of Urban Sprawl on Air Quality in Major Cities.

13. Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Sea Level Rise.

14. The Impact of Industrialisation on River Water Quality: A Case Study.

15. How Does Waste Management Affect the Sustainability of Urban Areas?

16. Investigating the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Spatial Segregation.

17. The Role of Urban Green Spaces in Enhancing Residents' Well-being.

18. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Economic Development in Small Island Nations.

19. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity.

20. The Effect of Land Use Change on Flood Risk in Urban Areas.

Computer Science

1. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Stock Prices.

2. Investigating the Impact of Encryption Techniques on Data Security.

3. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Automating Routine Tasks.

4. How Does the Implementation of Blockchain Technology Affect Supply Chain Management?

5. Assessing the Impact of Social Media Algorithms on User Behaviour.

6. The Effect of Augmented Reality on the User Experience in Mobile Applications.

7. Investigating the Feasibility of Quantum Computing in Solving Complex Problems.

8. The Role of Big Data Analytics in Enhancing Business Decision-making.

9. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing by SMEs.

10. The Impact of Cybersecurity Measures on the Prevention of Data Breaches.

11. Investigating the Ethical Implications of Facial Recognition Technology.

12. The Effect of Internet of Things on Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes.

13. Assessing the Impact of Virtual Reality on Gaming Industry.

14. The Role of Natural Language Processing in Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction.

15. How Does the Development of Autonomous Vehicles Affect Traffic Management?

16. Investigating the Scalability Issues in Distributed Systems.

17. The Effect of Software Development Methodologies on Project Success Rates.

18. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Job Market: A Case Study.

19. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Performance of Mobile Networks.

20. The Role of Bioinformatics in Personalised Medicine.

Environmental Systems and Societies

1. Investigating the Impact of E-waste on Soil and Water Quality.

2. The Effect of Climate Change on Coral Reef Ecosystems.

3. Assessing the Impact of Invasive Species on Native Biodiversity.

4. The Role of Sustainable Agriculture in Reducing Environmental Degradation.

5. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Ozone Layer Depletion.

6. The Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life: A Case Study.

7. Investigating the Feasibility of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies.

8. The Role of Urban Planning in Reducing Air Pollution in Cities.

9. The Effect of Overfishing on Marine Ecosystems: A Case Study.

10. Assessing the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Carbon Emissions.

11. Investigating the Relationship Between Deforestation and Climate Change.

12. The Impact of Industrial Pollution on Local Communities' Health: A Case Study.

13. The Role of Waste Management in Reducing Ocean Pollution.

14. The Effect of Pesticides on Soil Microorganism Diversity.

15. Assessing the Impact of Dams on River Ecosystems.

16. Investigating the Efficacy of Reforestation Efforts in Carbon Sequestration.

17. The Role of Environmental Education in Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviours.

18. The Effect of Acid Rain on Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study.

19. Analysing the Impact of Mining Activities on Local Water Quality.

20. The Role of Green Infrastructure in Enhancing Urban Sustainability.

Social and Cultural Anthropology

1. Investigating the Impact of Globalisation on Indigenous Cultures: A Case Study.

2. The Role of Language in Shaping Cultural Identity.

3. Analysing the Influence of Cultural Practices on Gender Roles.

4. The Effect of Migration on Cultural Assimilation: A Case Study.

5. The Impact of Western Media on Body Image Perceptions in Non-Western Societies.

6. Investigating the Relationship Between Religion and Social Norms in a Given Society.

7. The Role of Cultural Traditions in Shaping Food Habits.

8. The Impact of Social Media on Cultural Exchange: A Case Study.

9. Analysing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Attainment.

10. The Effect of Colonialism on Cultural Diversity: A Case Study.

11. Investigating the Role of Folklore in Preserving Cultural Heritage.

12. The Impact of Urbanisation on Traditional Social Structures: A Case Study.

13. The Role of Music and Dance in Cultural Expression.

14. Analysing the Influence of Cultural Factors on Mental Health.

15. The Effect of Cultural Beliefs on Healthcare Practices: A Case Study.

16. Investigating the Impact of Tourism on Local Cultures.

17. The Role of Rituals and Ceremonies in Social Cohesion.

18. The Impact of Legal Systems on Gender Equality: A Comparative Study.

19. Analysing the Cultural Adaptations of Immigrants in a New Society.

20. The Role of Art and Literature in Reflecting Social Changes.

Visual Arts

1. Investigating the Influence of Social Issues on Banksy's Street Art.

2. The Impact of Japanese Art on Claude Monet’s Painting Style.

3. Analysing the Representation of Women in Renaissance Paintings.

4. The Role of Surrealism in Salvador Dali's Artistic Expression.

5. Investigating the Cultural Symbolism in Frida Kahlo’s Self-portraits.

6. The Impact of Pop Culture on Andy Warhol's Art .

7. Analysing the Use of Light and Shadow in Caravaggio's Paintings.

8. The Role of Spirituality in Wassily Kandinsky's Abstract Art.

9. The Influence of African Art on Picasso's Cubist Period.

10. The Depiction of War and Its Aftermath in Otto Dix's Works.

11. Investigating the Use of Colour in Mark Rothko’s Abstract Paintings.

12. The Role of Indigenous Culture in Emily Carr's Landscape Paintings.

13. Analysing the Evolution of Political Themes in Chinese Contemporary Art.

14. The Effect of the Harlem Renaissance on Aaron Douglas' Art.

15. Investigating the Use of Geometric Shapes in Kandinsky’s Abstract Art.

16. The Role of Dutch Culture and Society in Vermeer's Paintings.

17. The Depiction of Nature in Georgia O'Keeffe's Works.

18. Analysing the Impact of Feminism on Barbara Kruger's Art.

19. Investigating the Influence of Post-Impressionism on Vincent van Gogh’s Style.

20. The Representation of the American Dream in Edward Hopper's Paintings.

World Studies

1. Investigating the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health.

2. The Effect of Climate Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Analysing the Influence of Globalisation on Indigenous Cultures.

4. The Role of International Law in Resolving Border Disputes: A Case Study.

5. Investigating the Impact of Global Trade Policies on Developing Economies.

6. The Effect of Globalisation on Income Inequality: A Comparative Study.

7. Analysing the Influence of Western Media on Global Perceptions of Beauty.

8. The Role of International Organizations in Addressing the Refugee Crisis.

9. Investigating the Global Response to the Rise of Cybercrime.

10. The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disaster Frequency and Severity Worldwide.

11. Analysing the Influence of Globalisation on Language Diversity.

12. The Role of Technology in Bridging the Education Gap in Developing Countries.

13. Investigating the Global Impact of Antibiotic Resistance.

14. The Effect of International Trade on Cultural Exchange: A Case Study.

15. Analysing the Impact of Global Warming on Polar Ecosystems.

16. The Role of the United Nations in Promoting Global Gender Equality.

17. Investigating the Impact of Social Media on Political Activism Worldwide.

18. The Effect of Globalisation on the Sustainability of Traditional Crafts.

19. Analysing the Global Strategies for Wildlife Conservation.

20. The Role of International Cooperation in Space Exploration.

How to Write a Great IB Extended Essay

Crafting an exceptional IB Extended Essay requires a combination of strategic planning, critical thinking, and effective writing. In this guide, we will provide you with valuable insights and practical advice to help you excel in your writing journey and produce an outstanding essay.

1. Develop a Clear and Coherent Structure : Creating a well-organised structure is crucial to convey your ideas effectively. Start by outlining the main sections and subtopics of your essay. Ensure a logical flow of information, with each paragraph building upon the previous one. This will guide the reader through your arguments and analysis smoothly.

2. Conduct Thorough and Methodical Research : Thorough research forms the foundation of a strong Extended Essay. Dive into reputable sources, including academic journals, books, and credible websites. Gather evidence, data, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Take meticulous notes and properly cite your sources to maintain academic integrity.

3. Apply Critical Thinking and Evaluation : Engage in critical analysis by examining and evaluating the evidence you've gathered. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different viewpoints, theories, or methodologies. Develop your own informed perspective and present a well-reasoned argument supported by reliable evidence.

4. Craft Engaging and Coherent Paragraphs : Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument, clearly stated in a topic sentence. Support your claims with evidence, examples, and relevant data. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs to ensure a cohesive and coherent essay.

5. Revise, Edit, and Proofread : Give yourself ample time for revising, editing, and proofreading your essay. Review your work for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Consider seeking feedback from teachers, peers, or mentors to gain valuable insights and improve your essay further.

We asked one IB teacher what they had to say about writing a great essay:

"The key is to choose a topic that truly ignites your curiosity, one that you are passionate about exploring. Don't be afraid to think outside the box and delve into uncharted territories. Remember, this is your chance to showcase your unique perspective and make a meaningful contribution to your chosen field. Embrace the research process, be diligent in gathering reliable sources, and let your creativity shine through in your writing. And most importantly, enjoy the journey of discovery and growth that the Extended Essay offers."

Remember, the IB Extended Essay is an opportunity to demonstrate your intellectual curiosity, research skills, and ability to present a coherent argument. Choose a topic that genuinely interests you, stay organised throughout the process, and invest time in thoughtful analysis and writing. To maximise your chances of success, you may also want to purchase an Extended Essay textbook or get the help of an IB Extended Essay tutor .

IB Extended Essay Grade Distribution in 2022

Finding Reliable Sources for Your Extended Essay

When writing your IB Extended Essay, it is essential to rely on credible and trustworthy sources. Follow these strategies to find reliable information:

1. Use Academic Databases: Access reputable databases like JSTOR and PubMed to find scholarly articles and research papers relevant to your subject.

2. Consult Library Resources: Take advantage of books, encyclopaedias, and reference materials available in your school or local library.

3. Explore Digital Libraries: Visit digital libraries such as the Digital Public Library of America and Europeana for access to a wide range of digitised resources.

4. Evaluate Websites Carefully: Verify the credibility of the author or organisation, check for peer-reviewed articles or references, and consider the domain (.edu, .gov, or .org) for reliable information.

5. Utilise Scholarly Search Engines: Utilise specialised search engines like Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic to find academic publications.

6. Consult Subject-Specific Journals: Look for reputable journals in your field and review their latest issues for current research.

7. Seek Guidance from Librarians and Experts: Librarians and subject experts can offer valuable assistance in finding reliable sources and publications.

By following these strategies and critically evaluating the sources you find, you can ensure the credibility and integrity of your Extended Essay research. Reliable sources will strengthen your arguments and provide a solid foundation for your essay.

Strategies for Conducting Primary and Secondary Research

To conduct comprehensive primary and secondary research for your essay, consider the following strategies:

Primary Research

Surveys and Questionnaires: Create well-designed surveys or questionnaires to collect data directly from participants. Utilise online survey tools like Google Forms or SurveyMonkey for wider reach and convenient data analysis.

Interviews: Conduct interviews with subject experts, professionals, or individuals relevant to your research topic. Prepare insightful questions and record their responses for later analysis.

Experiments and Observations: Design and conduct controlled experiments or observations to gather firsthand data. Document procedures, measurements, and observations accurately.

Secondary Research

Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing scholarly articles, books, and reports. Analyse and synthesise the information to identify research gaps and contribute to the existing knowledge.

Online Databases: Utilise reputable academic databases such as PubMed, JSTOR, and IEEE Xplore to access peer-reviewed articles and research papers specific to your subject area.

Government and Institutional Sources: Explore official government websites, research repositories of educational institutions, and databases of international organisations for reliable data, reports, and statistics.

Subject-Specific Sources: Identify subject-specific journals, publications, and conferences related to your research topic. These sources provide up-to-date research and insights from experts in the field.

Remember to consider ethical considerations throughout your research process, including obtaining necessary permissions, maintaining confidentiality, and respecting the rights and privacy of participants. Documentation of your research methods, sources, and any challenges faced is crucial. Analyse and interpret your findings critically, using them as evidence to support your arguments and contribute to your overall analysis.

Formatting and Structure Guidelines for the IB Extended Essay

To ensure a well-organised and coherent IB Extended Essay, consider the following structure as a guideline:

1. Title Page : Include essential information such as the title, subject, research question, and candidate number. Refer to the official IB Extended Essay Guide for specific requirements.

2. Abstract: Provide a concise summary of your essay, outlining the main research question, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. Limit the abstract to 300 words.

3. Table of Contents : Create a clear and accurate table of contents that outlines the structure of your essay, including sections, subheadings, and page numbers.

4. Introduction : Start with an engaging introduction that presents the research question, provides background information, and explains the significance of the topic. Clearly state the aim and objectives of your research.

5. Body : The body of your essay should delve into your research in-depth. Organize your content into coherent paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your research. Consider the following elements:

a. Literature Review: Provide an overview of the relevant literature and theories related to your research topic. Analyse existing research, highlight key concepts, and discuss any debates or gaps in knowledge.

b. Methodology: Describe the research methodology employed, including the research design, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Explain why the chosen methods are appropriate for addressing your research question.

c. Data Analysis and Findings: Present your findings based on the data collected. Use appropriate analysis techniques, such as statistical analysis or qualitative coding, to interpret your data and draw meaningful conclusions. Include tables, charts, or graphs to support your findings.

d. Discussion: Analyse and interpret your findings in the context of your research question. Explore the implications of your results, compare them with existing research, and discuss any limitations or challenges encountered during the research process.

6. Conclusion : Summarise your key findings, address your research question, and draw meaningful conclusions based on your analysis. Reflect on the implications and broader significance of your research. Highlight any recommendations for future research or areas for further exploration.

7. References : Include a comprehensive list of all sources consulted in your research. Follow the appropriate citation style (e.g., MLA, APA, or Chicago) for in-text citations and the bibliography. Accurately cite all sources, including books, articles, websites, and any other references used.

8. Appendices (if applicable): Include any supplementary materials, such as raw data, charts, graphs, or additional supporting evidence that are relevant to your research.

Typically, the Extended Essay has a word limit of around 4,000 words. It is important to note that this word count does not include footnotes, citations, and the bibliography. Additionally, the essay should be formatted using a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman or Arial) and a font size of 12 points. It is recommended to have double-spacing throughout the essay and to include page numbers.

The IB Extended Essay Assessment Criteria and Grading

The IB Extended Essay is assessed by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34. Your essay will be evaluated based on five criteria, each carrying a specific point value. It is crucial to comprehend these criteria and how they relate to letter grades to gauge your performance accurately. Here's an overview of the assessment criteria:

Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum) Demonstrate a clear research question and a well-defined approach. Show how you applied appropriate research methods to investigate your topic.

Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum) Display a strong understanding of the subject matter, relevant concepts, and theories. Support your arguments with accurate and relevant evidence.

Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum) Apply critical thinking skills to analyse and evaluate information, theories, and arguments. Demonstrate the ability to consider alternative viewpoints and draw well-reasoned conclusions.

Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum) Organize your essay effectively with a clear and logical structure. Use proper formatting, referencing, and citation methods consistently.

Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum) Engage in a reflective process throughout your research and writing. Show awareness of the strengths, limitations, and implications of your research.

To determine your letter grade, it is important to understand how the rubric assessment points correlate to the overall score. Here is a rough estimation of how the point values align with letter grades:

• 30-34: Excellent - A
• 25-29: Good - B
• 17-24: Satisfactory - C
• 9-16: Mediocre - D
• 0-8: Elementary - E

However, relying solely on these point values is not sufficient. It is crucial to thoroughly read and comprehend the specific grade descriptors provided by the IB. These descriptors offer comprehensive information about the expectations and criteria that examiners consider when assigning letter grades.

The grade you receive on your IB Extended Essay contributes to your overall International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme points score. The Extended Essay and Theory of Knowledge combined are worth up to 3 points of the total 45 points available for the IBDP .

IB Extended Essay and TOK points matrix

Final Thoughts

The IB Extended Essay is a challenging yet rewarding endeavour that allows high school students to showcase their research and analytical skills. With proper guidance and adherence to the assessment criteria, students have the opportunity to excel and achieve outstanding results. Embrace this opportunity to delve into a topic of interest, conduct in-depth research, and present your findings in a well-structured and engaging manner. Remember to consult reputable sources, seek guidance from your supervisor, and enjoy the journey of exploration and academic growth through the IB Extended Essay.

Is the IB Extended Essay hard?

The IB Extended Essay is undoubtedly a challenging undertaking, requiring significant effort and dedication, and is one of the hardest IB subjects . It is estimated that between 70% and 80% of IB students successfully complete the Extended Essay each year. Less than 14% of students received an A in the extended essay in 2022, showing its difficult.

Can you change your research question after starting the Extended Essay?

Yes, it is possible to change your research question after starting the Extended Essay. However, it is important to consult with your supervisor and ensure that the new research question still meets the requirements and aligns with the subject area you are pursuing.

When is the deadline to submit the Extended Essay?

The deadline to submit the Extended Essay can vary depending on the policies and timelines set by individual schools. In most cases, schools establish internal deadlines to ensure students have ample time to complete and revise their essays before the final submission. The typical deadline for submitting the Extended Essay is often set in the first half of the senior year, ranging from November to January. It is essential to check with your school's IB coordinator or Extended Essay coordinator for the specific deadline applicable to your academic institution.

Can you fail the Extended Essay?

Yes, it is possible to fail the Extended Essay if the work does not meet the required standards or does not fulfil the assessment criteria set by the IB. It is important to carefully follow the guidelines, seek guidance from your supervisor, and ensure your essay demonstrates strong research, analysis, and critical thinking skills. In 2022, 1.1% of students did not received no grade for their Extended Essays.

Can you fail the Extended Essay and still pass the IB?

Yes, it is possible to fail the Extended Essay and still pass the overall IB Diploma Programme. The Extended Essay contributes to a maximum of 3 points out of the total 45 points available for the diploma. Failing the Extended Essay means not earning any points from this component, but it does not necessarily mean failing the entire IB Diploma.

Can you collaborate with other students on the Extended Essay?

The IB allows limited collaboration with other students on the Extended Essay. While you can seek advice and support from others, it is important to maintain individual responsibility for your research, writing, and analysis. Collaboration should not compromise the integrity of your work, and any collaborative effort should be properly acknowledged and cited in your essay.

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Extended Essay

It is the advice of the IB that only students who are studying psychology write their extended essays in the subject.  You will see that psychology has a high failure rate compared to other subjects - and one of the reasons is the high number of students who write essays in the subject although they have never studied it.

This section will take you through the writing process and give you tips for writing a strong essay.

Selected Pages

World Studies: Approaches

The following page gives examples of World Studies essays that have been successful with a psychological approach. The actual...

World Studies Essays

The extended essay in psychology is a review of literature focused on a specific question. For many students, this may be...

World Studies: Criterion C

Criterion C assesses you on your critical thinking. The criterion assesses how you conducted your research, the analysis...

World Studies: Criterion B

Criterion B assesses "Knowledge and understanding." This includes your knowledge of the general topic, the different subjects...

World Studies: Criterion A

Criterion A is marked based on the formulation of the research question, identification of the global issue and its local...

Developing a research question

As with all extended essays, choosing an appropriate topic and constructing a focused, well-worded question is essential...

Guide to the IB Extended Essay in 2024

January 24, 2024

If you’re an International Baccalaureate student getting ready to write your IB Extended Essay, you might be experiencing some very understandable trepidation. But have no fear—we’re here to help you understand what’s required of you, how to plan ahead (IB extended essay topics), and how you’ll be graded (IB extended essay rubric). Keep reading for a good dose of preparation and confidence before you begin the journey. In this article, we’ll cover:

What is the IB Extended Essay?

The ib extended essay—required content, ib extended essay topics.

IB Extended Essay—Sample Essays

IB Extended Essay Tips

Ib extended essay rubric, ib extended essay—more resources.

The IB Extended Essay is a 4,000-word paper that asks you to immerse yourself in research and academic writing. A required part of the IB program, the Extended Essay is a chance to dig deep into a topic that fascinates you.

Although it’s no small task, the IB Extended Essay is an opportunity to gain practical research and writing skills that will come in handy again in college. As you write, you’ll learn how to:

• Identify credible sources
• Formulate a research question and limit your scope of research
• Communicate ideas to an audience
• Develop a well-supported argument

The IB Extended Essay is largely an independent, self-directed project, but don’t worry—the IB program doesn’t throw you into the deep end. You do get to select a mentor (usually a teacher at your school) to help guide you through the process. As you write, you’ll be required to meet with your mentor three times. As part of your final evaluation, your mentor will interview you in a final reflection section called a viva voce . During the viva voce, your mentor will check for plagiarism and malpractice, ask you to reflect on challenges and difficulties, and prompt you to discuss what you’ve learned through the research and writing process. Your mentor will then generate a report that factors into your final grade.

Your final essay must include the following:

• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

For this essay, it will be up to you to generate a topic; the International Baccalaureate does not provide prompts. However, your essay will need to fit within one of six provided subject areas . You’ll choose from the following list of IB Extended Essay Topics:

• Language and literature
• Language acquisition
• Individuals and societies
• Mathematics

IB Extended Essay Topics (Continued)

At a glance, the subject areas might look limited, but the topics you can choose to write about are actually wide-ranging. The “Individuals and societies” category includes social science topics like economics, history, world religions, and philosophy. And, if you’re leaning toward “Science,” you can choose from classic subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics, or related topics like environmental systems or health science, among others.

The IB also offers a special “World Studies” option for students interested in researching global issues. This subject would allow you to center your writing on global issues such as migration, global health, cultural exchange, or climate change.

Wondering what an outstanding IB Extended Essay looks like? The International Baccalaureate provides quite a few sample student essays online . Here are five essays that earned A grades.

Language and literature: An exploration of an aspect of the narrative voice in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita

Environmental Systems and Societies: The economic impact of the 1995 reintroduction of grey wolves to Yellowstone National Park

Psychology: To what extent do social networking sites (SNS) usage lead to experience of anxiety in adolescents?

Music: Composition techniques in the 1st movement of Johannes Brahms’s Symphony No. 2, Op. 73

Business Management: Corporate Culture at Oracle

1) Pick something you’re passionate about

As you can see from the titles above, the IB Extended Essay is a great place to delve into a niche topic that fascinates you. Since you’ll be spending many months on this essay, you’ll want to pick a topic you genuinely enjoy spending time learning about. It’s also smart to choose something you’ve already learned about in your IB classes so that you have a strong foundation of knowledge to start with. In music class, do you love pondering why music makes us feel a certain way? Maybe an essay about music theory will keep your gears turning. Do you come alive trying to solve seemingly impossible problems in physics class? Now’s your chance to put those equations into action.

Since this essay is all about your academic interests, it’s also a good idea to pick a topic that’s relevant to what you plan to study in college. Selecting a relevant topic will provide you with significant exposure to the field and will also give you something meaningful to talk about in your college admissions essays.

2) Limit your scope

What’s the meaning of life? Why do wars happen? What is time? Some questions are just way too big to answer, and your IB Extended Essay is not a good place to tackle expansive, philosophical questions. Instead, think of this essay as a place to investigate one piece of a big question. If, let’s say, you’re generally interested in what helps women reach positions of leadership in business, this is a good place to examine how one or a few companies approach this issue. Or, if you’re interested in studying what inspires surrealist painters, you’ll want to pick one or a few painters to research, likely all from the same time period. For both these topics, you’d need a whole textbook to tackle the full question, but limiting your scope will make it much easier to write a clear and cohesive 4,000 words.

On the other hand, it’s possible to narrow your focus too much. It would be impossible, for example, to write 4,000 words about a single sentence in a novel. Make sure you talk about scope early and often with your mentor. Together, you can find the perfect Goldilocks scope for your project that’s not too big and not too small.

3) Choose a good mentor

Speaking of mentors, choosing wisely will help you enormously as you embark on your IB Extended Essay. You’ll want to make sure you choose someone with existing knowledge in your research topic. Your English teacher may be able to give you great writing advice, for example, but they won’t be able to guide your research and scope if you’re writing about marine animals or modern dance.

Before you approach a teacher, make sure you have at least one topic idea (or even a few ideas) in mind so that you can make sure they’ll be a good fit to supervise your project. When you meet with them, find out what their mentorship style is like. Make sure they’ll have time to read several drafts of your essays, meet with you a few times, and give you feedback. Some IB schools will require your IB Extended Essay mentor to sign an agreement form too, so make sure you find out what paperwork is required in advance.

4) Get organized, way organized

The IB Extended Essay is not something you can crank out the night before it’s due. The essay is meant to be a substantive, in-depth, thoughtful, and thoroughly researched analysis, and Rome simply isn’t built in a day. This might be the longest paper you’ve written to date, and this project might require more research than you’ve been asked to do before. Timelines vary by school, but you’ll likely spend between eight months and a year working on your IB Extended Essay. So, how will you pull it all off? For these 8-12 months, organization will be your guiding light. We recommend you:

• Get started early. If your essay is due November of your senior year, start generating topic ideas during your junior year right after winter break.
• Create a long-view schedule for yourself. What will you accomplish each month of your process?
• Give yourself deadlines. Once you choose a mentor, suggest 2-3 draft deadline dates so that you will be held accountable throughout the writing process.
• Find a note-taking system that works for you. You’ll be reading many articles and books and it’s hard to keep track of all your sources. Create a document or spreadsheet where you keep track of the sources you’ve found and check them off as you read. As you finish reading a text, type up important quotes and a few notes explaining how it connects to your topic and to your other texts.

5)Write a messy first draft

Writing never comes out perfect the first time, even for New York Times bestselling authors and the most experienced researchers. In your first draft, give yourself permission to get all your thoughts out, no matter how unstructured or rambling they are. Call this your brainstorming draft. When you’re ready to revisit it, see what patterns emerge, what common ideas you can group together, what beginning buds of ideas you can make bloom into full-fledged analysis.

6) Communicate for an audience

When you’re used to producing writing that only your teacher reads, it can be hard to remember to write for an audience. But at the end of the day, writing is communication , and the best writing is clear and thorough communication that anyone could pick up and read. For your IB Extended Essay, you’ll want to remember that many people will be reading your final essay, and not all of them will be experts in the niche topic you choose to study. Ask yourself: how can I explain my research to an audience who doesn’t already agree with my analysis?

To communicate to an audience, you’ll want to:

• Provide lots of general background information on your topic.
• Don’t assume your reader is familiar with your sources. Introduce them as if they’re guest speakers about to walk up to a podium and deliver a lecture.
• After including quotes, facts, and figures, be sure to explain what those sources mean in your own words and how they connect to your bigger-picture argument.
• Don’t assume your arguments are self-evident. In this essay, communicating for an audience means supplying ongoing interpretation and analysis, even if it feels like you’re explaining the obvious. Your reader isn’t on your research journey with you, so your points might not be so obvious to your reader.

Although your IB Extended Essay provides a report that factors into your grade, your essay will also be assessed by external examiners the IB. Per the IB Extended Essay Rubric , essays are graded on a scale from 0 to 34 based on 5 different criteria:

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

As you can see, Critical Thinking is the most significant rubric category. This means that the IB wants to see you arrive at your own unique analysis of your topic, drawing connections between sources and data, and making well-supported arguments. This means they want a lot of you: your ideas, your interpretations, your thoughts. Make sure you emphasize that in your essay, but of course don’t forget the other categories.

The score a student receives corresponds to a letter grade scale that is slightly different than what we’re accustomed to in the U.S. Here’s the letter grade to numerical score breakdown:

You must earn a D or higher to receive your IB Diploma. To learn more about the different criteria included in the IB Extended Essay Rubric, you can explore the IB’s full guide to the Extended Essay .

We hope you found our look at the IB extended essay rubric and IB extended essay topics to be helpful. Ready to dive into research? You may want to read our 10 Expert Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension before you hit the books.

And if you’re a high school student in the process of mapping out your pathway to college, take a look at a few other useful guides:

• IB vs AP—Which Classes are Best for College Admission?
• How to Earn College Credit in High School
• High School Course Requirements for College Admission
• SAT Score Calculator
• ACT Score Calculator 
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• Psychology Extended Essay Topics

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme is an international education program for high schoolers. To graduate, students must complete the core curriculum area and a few extended courses including a psychology extended essay.

The psychology extended essay is a research paper focusing on a question within the field of psychology. Usually 2000-4000 words in length, this essay requires students to select a topic, conduct serious in-depth research, analyze their findings, and document their sources. The essay should demonstrate the student’s ability to think critically, challenge existing theories, and make new arguments or observations.

Ultimately, completing a successful psychology extended essay indicates that the student can develop an understanding of the fundamentals of psychology, comprehend what psychologists do, and contribute to this field while demonstrating outstanding writing skills.

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Brainstorming Psychology Essay Ideas

Finding the right topic for an IB extended essay in psychology can be a challenging process. It requires you to do research and find creative ways to analyze and interpret the data. To make this task easier, it is important to brainstorm potential topics that can be explored and discussed in an Extended Essay. Here are a few steps that can help in the brainstorming process.

• Gather Information: Before you start brainstorming, make sure that you have gathered sufficient information about the subject. Research about different psychologists, theories, and concepts related to psychology. By doing this, you will have a basic understanding of the subject before you start brainstorming.
• Explore Different Perspectives: Brainstorming is all about exploring different perspectives. You should try to think outside the box and come up with creative solutions by looking at the problem from different angles.
• Make Lists: Make lists of potential topics that you can write about. Don’t just focus on one idea – come up with several related topics to explore. This will help you narrow down your list of possible topics.
• Discuss With Others: Discuss the potential topics with your friends, family, and even teachers. By talking to them and hearing their opinions, you will get new ideas that you can explore.
• Write it Down: Once you have found a few possible topics for your essay, write them down. This will help you keep track of the ideas and ensure that none of them are forgotten.

By following the above steps, you should be able to come up with several potential topics that you can use for your IB Extended Essay in psychology. Once you have your list of topics, you can start researching and gathering evidence that can help you make your essay stand out.

• The impact of social media on adolescents’ self-esteem and mental health.
• Cognitive biases and their role in decision-making processes.
• The psychological effects of music therapy on stress and anxiety reduction.
• The role of attachment styles in romantic relationships and relationship satisfaction.
• The influence of color psychology on consumer behavior and marketing strategies.
• The psychological effects of nature exposure on stress reduction and overall well-being.
• The role of emotional intelligence in effective leadership and workplace success.
• The impact of parental styles on children’s social and emotional development.
• The correlation between creativity and mental health disorders in artists.
• The role of mindfulness meditation in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• The psychological impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive functioning and mood.
• The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating various mental health disorders.
• The role of neuroplasticity in recovery from traumatic brain injuries.
• The influence of cultural factors on the perception and expression of emotions.
• The impact of stereotype threat on academic performance and self-concept in minority students.
• The psychological effects of virtual reality technology on empathy and social connection.
• The role of resilience in coping with adverse life events and promoting psychological well-being.
• The impact of video games on cognitive skills, aggression, and prosocial behavior.
• The influence of birth order on personality development and sibling relationships.
• The role of subliminal messaging in shaping attitudes and consumer behavior.

Choosing a Psychology Essay Topic

Choosing the right essay topic for your IB Extended Essay in psychology is important. You want to make sure you pick a topic that has plenty of research material available, but isn’t too broad or too narrow. To help you find the perfect essay topic, there are a few steps you can follow.

Look at the course material

Your first step should be to review the course material for your psychology course. By looking back over the lectures and reading material, you will get a better idea of the types of topics you could use for your Extended Essay . This can also help you identify any topics you may have overlooked.

Brainstorming

Once you have reviewed the course material, it’s time to start brainstorming. Think about specific interests you have in psychology and come up with ideas related to those areas. It can also be helpful to look online at the various psychology essay topics other students have chosen and see if any ideas spark your interest.

Do Research

Before deciding on a specific topic for your Extended Essay, make sure to do some research. You want to make sure there is enough research material available so that you can effectively answer your research question and develop a strong argument. It’s also important to make sure the topic you choose hasn’t already been done too many times.

Narrow Your Topic

Once you have identified a potential topic, spend some time narrowing it down. Think about how you can take the topic and make it more specific. You don’t want to choose a topic that is too general or one that is too narrow. Remember, the goal is to find a topic you can effectively research and make a strong argument.

Choose Your Topic

Now it’s time to make your final decision. Review the topics you have narrowed down and make sure they meet all of the criteria required for the IB Extended Essay. If you feel strongly about one of the topics, then it’s likely the right choice for you. Remember to stay open-minded and consider other ideas as well.

Structuring an IB Extended Essay in Psychology

Overview of ib extended essay format.

• Table of contents

Introduction

• Body of the essay
• Bibliography/list of references

Table of Contents

Body of the essay, bibliography/list of references, research sources for psychology ib extended essay.

When writing an IB extended essay on psychology, research is essential in order to provide evidence to support your argument. Therefore, it is important to know the different types of acceptable sources of research. Here are the four main types of sources you should consider when researching for a psychology essay.

Books and Journals

Books and journals published by psychologists or other experts in the psychological field are highly reliable sources of information. These sources often provide more in-depth coverage than other sources, as well as more detailed information about specific topics. Additionally, books and journals often provide bibliographies that can be used to find additional resources. It is important to note, however, that not all books and journals are created equal. Be sure to evaluate the credibility of the author and publishing company before citing a book or journal in your essay.

Websites can provide additional information about psychology topics. However, it is important to remember that not all websites are reliable. Before citing a website in your essay, make sure to evaluate it in order to determine its credibility. Good indicators of a credible website include: having accurate information, being up-to-date, and having an author with relevant credentials.

Articles written by experts in their fields, such as an article written by a psychologist in a psychology magazine, can be useful sources of information. These articles often provide detailed facts and opinions that can help support your argument. As with books and journals, it is important to evaluate the reliability of an article before using it in your essay.

Interviews and Surveys

Interviews and surveys conducted with experts in the field of psychology can provide valuable personal insights. Interviews are particularly helpful if the person being interviewed has experience in the topic being discussed. Surveys can provide statistical data on a variety of topics. Be sure to cite any interviews or surveys you use in your essay to avoid plagiarism.

Using reliable sources of research is essential when writing an IB extended essay on psychology . Books and journals published by experts, carefully evaluated websites, articles written by professionals, and interviews and surveys conducted with experts can all be useful sources of information. Make sure to evaluate the credibility of each source before citing it in your essay.

Writing the Draft of Psychology Extended Essay

Writing an IB extended essay in Psychology can be a daunting task, especially if you’re not sure where to start. The key to writing a successful essay is to break it down into smaller, manageable steps.

The first step is to create a draft of your essay. This is the foundation for your essay and should include the main ideas and arguments you plan to cover. Here are some tips on how to write a strong draft of your essay:

• Start by creating an outline that states the main points and arguments of your essay. This will help you stay focused and on track as you write.
• Make sure to provide evidence to back up your arguments. Use reliable sources such as research papers and scholarly articles as support for your claims.
• Write in a logical, chronological order, moving from one point to the next in a clear and organized way.
• Be sure to give your essay a strong introduction and conclusion that summarize the main points covered.
• Read over your draft several times and make necessary changes or additions to ensure accuracy and clarity.

Writing a successful draft of your Psychology IB extended essay does not have to be a daunting process. With a bit of planning and preparation, you can craft a well-written and thoughtful essay that meets all the criteria for success.

Revising the Psychology Extended Essay

Writing is a process that requires you to revise and refine your work. Once you have a draft of your psychology extended essay, it’s time to go back and make improvements. Revising is a great way to ensure that your essay is clear, concise, and free of errors. Here are some tips to help you revise your extended essay in psychology.

Read Your Work Out Loud

Reading your work out loud or having someone else read it can help you catch errors you may have missed when reading silently. When you read your essay out loud, pay attention to parts that don’t flow well, sentences that are too long, and words that are used too often. Having a friend or classmate read your work can provide a fresh perspective, allowing you to identify any issues you have overlooked.

Eliminate Wordiness

In longer essays, it’s easy to be wordy and use unnecessary words. Go through your essay and look for any words or phrases that can be cut out without changing the meaning of the sentence. Eliminating unnecessary words will not only make the essay easier to read but can also help you stay within the word count limit.

Look For Clichés

Cliches are phrases that are overused and lack originality. Even though they’re easy to write, they can make your essay sound dull and uninspired. To improve the quality of your essay, search for any cliches and replace them with more vivid and precise language.

Check For Grammar And Spelling

One of the most important aspects of revising an essay is to check for grammatical and spelling errors. While spell check can help catch some errors, it’s important to proofread your work carefully to ensure no mistakes slipped through. Additionally, take note of any incorrect comma or apostrophe usage throughout your essay.

Review Your Introduction And Conclusion

The introduction and conclusion of your essay are important elements that need to be revised. Read through both sections and make sure they accurately reflect the main ideas and points made in the essay. If needed, consider rewriting the introduction and conclusion to ensure they are as effective as possible.

Take Advantage of Feedback

Having another person review your essay can help you improve its quality. Ask someone you trust to provide feedback on your work and look at it with a critical eye. This can help you identify where changes need to be made so you can perfect your essay.

Taking the extra time to revise your extended essay in psychology can make all the difference in the quality of your work. These tips can help you make sure your essay is clear and error-free, allowing you to craft an IB extended essay that stands out from the rest.

Citing Sources in the Psychology Essay

It is important to always properly cite sources when writing an extended essay on Psychology. Citing sources shows that your work is based on the research of others and acknowledges their contributions to the field of psychology. It also allows readers to check the accuracy and validity of your work, as well as providing them with additional information about the research you are discussing.

When you cite a source, it should include the author’s name, publication date, and relevant page numbers if applicable. In addition, you should provide a brief description of the source material and its relevance to your essay topic. You should also provide a works cited list at the end of your essay. All the sources you have cited in the essay should be included in the list.

There are three main citation styles used in academic papers: APA, MLA, and Chicago. For an IB extended essay on psychology, you should use the APA citation style. This style utilizes parenthetical citations in the body of the paper and a separate reference list at the end. APA citations generally include the author’s name, year of publication, and page number if appropriate. For example: (Smith, 2020, p. 10).

It is important to make sure that you are consistent in your use of the citation style throughout your paper. If you cite sources multiple times, you should use the same citation format each time. Additionally, double-check every citation to make sure it is correct and complete. This will help ensure that your essay is both accurate and convincing.

In conclusion, it is essential to properly cite all sources when writing an Extended Essay on psychology. Doing so demonstrates that your work is based on the research of others, and it allows readers to verify the accuracy and validity of your work. It is important to use a consistent citation style throughout the paper and to double-check every citation for accuracy.

The External Assessment Process of an IB Extended Essay in Psychology

• A Clear Introduction – Introduce the topic in an interesting and meaningful way.
• Scientific Rigor – Demonstrate knowledge of the scientific research methods and cite relevant sources.
• Analysis – Make use of analytical techniques and theories to draw conclusions from the data.
• Discussion – Present your data in an objective manner and discuss both positive and negative results.
• Conclusion – Summarize the main points of the essay and provide a clear conclusion.
• Organization – Structure the essay in a logical and clear way that is easy to follow.

This guide has provided an overview of how to approach writing an IB Extended Essay in Psychology. To summarize, the key steps are to brainstorm potential essay topics, narrow down your focus and create an outline, research and include sources, write a draft and review it, revise and make improvements, cite your sources, and understand the external assessment process.

The extended essay process can seem overwhelming at times, but with thoughtful planning and the right resources it is achievable. Remember to start early and give yourself enough time for research and revisions. If you need additional help, there are many online resources available to assist you.

By following the steps in this guide, you should be well on your way to writing an excellent Psychology IB Extended Essay. Good luck!

• Last Edit 11 May 2023

Nick Radlinsky

Nick Radlinsky is a devoted educator, marketing specialist, and management expert with more than 15 years of experience in the education sector. After obtaining his business degree in 2016, Nick embarked on a quest to achieve his PhD, driven by his commitment to enhancing education for students worldwide. His vast experience, starting in 2008, has established him as a reputable authority in the field.

Nick's article, featured in Routledge's " Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe: Development through Internationalization ," highlights his sharp insights and unwavering dedication to advancing the educational landscape. Inspired by his personal motto, "Make education better," Nick's mission is to streamline students' lives and foster efficient learning. His inventive ideas and leadership have contributed to the transformation of numerous educational experiences, distinguishing him as a true innovator in his field.

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IB Extended Essay Rubric. Grading Criteria

Understanding the IB extended essay rubric is essential for success. The rubric provides a framework that grades students on several key criteria including the sharpness of their research question, the rigor of their methodology, the breadth and depth of their knowledge, the fluidity and clarity of their argumentation, and their personal engagement with the research topic.

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This article provides essential insights and strategies for understanding the assessment process and helping you write essays that meet and exceed the rigorous standards of the IB curriculum. Whether you’re striving for clarity of argument, effective integration of knowledge, or personal engagement, our tips will help you achieve a higher score.

IB Internal Assessment Rubric and Grading Criteria

The IB IA rubric is carefully structured to assess students’ understanding, skills and application of subject matter in a nuanced and comprehensive manner. Each subject rubric, whether for sciences such as Biology and Chemistry, humanities such as History and Psychology, or Mathematics, emphasizes a unique set of criteria tailored to assess specific competencies and skills.

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Extended Essay (IB): Choosing a subject and topic

• The Inquiry Process
• EE Seminar 1
• EE Seminar 2
• IT Workshop 1
• EE Investigation Days
• EE Writing Days
• Choosing a subject and topic
• Developing a line of inquiry
• Finding and selecting sources
• Working with ideas
• Expressing your ideas
• Using ManageBac
• Supervisor resources
• Who can help?

For your EE you have the freedom to focus on almost any topic and you will write your own question to answer.  However, your topic must fit into a single DP subject (unless you choose to write an interdisciplinary essay, such as a World Studies EE that covers a topic “of contemporary global significance” and is likely to encompass two subject areas).

Given the academic challenge and level expected of an EE, you are strongly advised to choose a subject that you are currently studying, preferably at Higher Level.

Introduction to the Extended Essay

What is the Extended Essay?

• Compulsory element of the core, along with TOK and CAS
• Inquiry-based research project resulting in an essay of up to 4,000 words
• Topic of your choice, but must be based in a DP subject * and meet subject-specific requirements
• You are strongly encouraged to do your essay in one of your HL subjects

*It is possible, under certain circumstances, to combine two subjects and do a World Studies essay but we do not currently recommend this.

What do I need to do?

This guide is just to get your thinking started.

You are going to be spending nine months on your Extended Essay - it is very important to choose a topic that actually interests you, or it is going to be a very long nine months...

Good preparation is much more effective for finding inspiration than last minute panic!

CALVIN AND HOBBES © Watterson. Reprinted with permission of ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION.  All rights reserved.

How do I choose a subject?

• Think about your interests outside the classroom then check whether they might fit into any IB subject areas.
• Think about your IB subjects, particularly your HL subjects. Which would (and wouldn't) you enjoy exploring in more depth?
• Make a list of the topics (for one or more different subject areas) that you have enjoyed in that subject area and a list of topics you haven’t covered but wish you had. You might want to chat to your teachers or have a look in your textbooks.
• Think about any career aspirations you might have, or any ideas for further study, and they could point you in a direction.

Now have a look at the Subject Group Overviews , below, to see what an EE in that group might involve. It is worth comparing a couple of different subject groups.

Subject Group Overviews

• Group 1: Studies in language and literature
• Group 2: Language acquisition (incl. Classical Languages)
• Group 3: Individuals and societies
• Group 4: Experimental sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts
• Interdisciplinary essays

• Category 1 Studies of one or more literary works originally written in the language in which the essay is presented.
• Category 2 Studies of a literary work or works originally written in the language of the essay compared with one or more literary works originally written in another language. (The work originally written in another language may be studied in translation.)
• Category 3 Studies in language based on one or more texts originally produced in the language in which the essay is presented.

Students and teachers must indicate at the point of upload which category of essay they are submitting."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Studies in language and literature

Students working on a language acquisition EE must demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the language, culture and society or literature studied. This understanding must be shown in the form of:

• an analysis of a cultural context or a specific text OR
• an analysis of trends in the culture studied and the impact of a cultural change on the form or use of the language OR
• an analysis and comparison of literary texts.

For those undertaking a classical Greek or Latin EE, the focus is on demonstrating an understanding of a relevant or significant aspect of the language, literature and civilization of ancient Greece or Rome."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Language acquisition including classical languages

Note that you may not do your EE in a language you are studying at ab initio level .

The individuals and societies EE is intended to encourage the systematic and critical study of:

• human experience and behaviour
• physical, economic and social environments
• the history and development of social and cultural institutions.

Students’ choice of topic should enable them to recognize that the content and methodologies of the subjects are contestable and that their study requires critical thinking.

Students must have sufficient grounding in the subject under which they submit their essay: reading a textbook or consulting an encyclopedia while writing the EE will not compensate for a lack of proper background knowledge."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Individuals and societies

Note: The IB considers Environmental Systems and Societies EEs to be interdisciplinary, so materials for these can be found under the Interdisciplinary essays tab, above.

"An extended essay (EE) in the sciences gives students an opportunity to apply a range of skills while researching a topic of personal interest in the field. Students working on a science EE must demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the subject matter studied, be it biology, chemistry, computer science, design technology, physics or sports, exercise and health science. This understanding must be shown in the form of a research paper involving a wellformulated research question. Students should be advised that while there is overlap between the subjects, their study should reflect one specific science area. For example:

• biology—dealing with living organisms and life processes
• chemistry—dealing with the composition, characterization and transformation of substances

...The nature of the topic under investigation should be different for each subject area and students should be careful if they undertake essays that may blur the boundaries between two science subjects. For example, when studying the pH of a body of water, students may investigate the chemicals responsible for the observed pH (chemistry), or the effect of the pH on the biota (biology)."

From: IBO (2020) The Sciences: an introduction from Extended Essay: The sciences

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics, as in, for instance, geometry or fractal theory
• the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems as in, for example, number theory
• the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds or thousands of years
• the links between different branches of mathematics, or the way that branch of mathematics has been born, or has flourished, as a result of technology.

Students should be advised on the importance of formulating logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for the EE, the need to identify a well-thought-out research question and the requirement to search for the mathematical problems that require a solution. Students must be advised that mathematical research is a long-term and open-ended exploration of a set of related mathematical problems that are based on personal observations. The answers to these problems connect to and build upon each other over time."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Mathematics

• a coherent analysis and interpretation of their chosen area in relation to a posed research question
• the testing and validation of the research and consideration of its effect on the practice of the investigated area of the arts
• development and exploration in a disciplined and imaginative way of an area of study specifically appropriate to the curriculum area chosen
• a link to a practical dimension.

Each subject area poses its own unique set of challenges. Therefore, the approach to the topic of investigation should reflect the particular methodology most appropriate to the arts subject being studied. Students should have logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for their essay, a well-thought out research question and an approach that allows them to develop a reasoned argument.

...While there may be overlap between the subjects in the arts and common approaches, the research topic must clearly relate to one specific arts area. If a student chooses a research area that blurs the boundaries between two arts subjects, they must ensure that their essay’s emphasis clearly lies within the arts subject for which they are submitting it. Crucially, the topic selected should reflect each student’s particular interest and enthusiasm within that subject area."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: The arts

For example, in literature and performance, students focus on the nature of the relationships that occur between a chosen text and its adaptation for performance; in world studies an issue of contemporary global significance is explored through the lenses of two subjects ; and in environmental systems and societies the interaction and integration of natural environmental systems and human societies are explored

Students undertaking one of these options must demonstrate a solid understanding of their area of research, taking a fully integrated approach. This examination must be shown in the form of:

• a coherently written and structured essay that effectively addresses an area of research, taking an interdisciplinary approach
• bringing together concepts, methods and approaches from across different subjects
• the development and exploration of an area of study specifically appropriate to the interdisciplinary choice

The most critical stage in preparing for the EE is the formulation of a logical and coherent rationale for selecting a particular topic for the extended essay, a topic that offers enough scope to provide material for a substantial essay , and the development of ideas around the topic and research question that examine existing views and argue against them."

From: IBO (2020) Interdisciplinary essays: an introduction from Extended Essay: Interdisciplinary essays

We do not recommend undertaking an EE in World Studies. If you choose to do so anyway, make sure that you consider very carefully whether your topic would fit the requirements of a single subject discipline instead. It can be challenging to juggle the requirements of two different subjects while undertaking a piece of academic research like this for the first time, particularly if you do not currently study one or both of the subjects.

Note that the Treatment of the Topic section of the Subject Guide for World Studies says that:

"It is expected that students will have a good grounding in at least one of the Diploma Programme subjects used in the EE.

If they are unfamiliar with a discipline used, they must access its syllabus so that they can identify the concepts, terminology and modes of thinking required for their EE. (Many IB syllabuses contain lists of key concepts.)"

This means that whether or not you are currently studying either or both of the subject areas your World Studies EE is based in  you will need to use DP Level concepts, terminology and modes of thinking appropriate to both subject areas.

Subject Specific Guidance

Use the links below to explore the Subject-Specific Guidance for your chosen subject. Note that it is very important to use the side navigation menu to make sure you have read ALL the relevant guidance (see example for Biology, below).

You MUST read the subject-specific guidance before completing your Supervisor Application Form, and reread it before completing your Research Proposal Log. You might find it helpful to take notes using the Using the Subject-Specific Guidelines table.

Electronic versions of these can be found at the top right hand side of this page (follow links). If you wish to submit your handwritten version to ManageBac, you may upload a (legible!) photograph.

Ethical guidelines

You must address the IB ethical guidelines in your Research Proposal and follow them throughout the EE process. Some Subject Guides will contain specific ethical guidelines for that subject, but here are some general guides you might need to refer to:

Extended essays from previous years

Past essays

It can be really useful at this stage to look at essays from previous Oakham students, to see what kinds of topics they investigated and what their final essays looked like. These are upstairs in the library and can be looked at while you are here.

Please remember:

• These are all the essays from past Oakhamians and they were awarded a range of grades (which are recorded on the contents pages). They are not a set of examples of 'good' essays or even 'good' titles.
• There have been several rule changes in the past, most notably in 2018, so make sure you are aware of the current rules.

You may take photographs of individual pages (such as the contents pages). You may not photograph or photocopy whole essays.

How do I choose a topic?

Go back to your brainstormed list of topics from the first session:

• Eliminate any that you don’t really want to write about and focus on the rest.
• Use the ideas on the mind map below to examine these topics and decide which might be worth further exploration. You might choose to make a mind map like this for some of your topics.

Before deciding on a topic you should do some preliminary research to see what information is out there. Make a few brief notes as you go.

• General internet browsing: You could begin with some freestyle internet searching on a broad topic that interests you. Search for your topic online, give yourself an hour to follow links and see where they take you – keeping an EE focus, of course!
• Subscription Databases : While you will almost certainly search the databases extensively for your research once you have chosen a topic, you can also browse them to help you to chose one. See the ' Browsing our subscription databases ' box below for advice on the best ones to choose for this. Using the subscription databases to help you to choose a topic also means that you are guaranteed to be able to find high quality information on that topic.
• Talk to your teachers, friends and family

Put your notes away, forget about what you have read for a few days, then see what you remember.  This time and distance is important as it is likely that you will remember what is of most interest to you, and so the angle you should develop.

Aim to have three suggestions for topic areas you might like to explore for your EE to explore further before making a decision .

Browsing our subscription databases

You are likely to have used our databases in the past to search for information on specific topics, but many of them are also excellent when browsing for ideas. I have made some suggestions below. You will need to access them from the list on our Subscription Databases page (using the log in information given if you are not on the school network).

An excellent series of ebooks providing a short, academic introduction to a wide range of topics. Choose 'Browse by subject' from the menu bar to explore them (or use the excellent search facility if you know which topic you are interested in).

An online encyclopaedia that you can trust and cite! Choose 'Advanced' then 'Explore: Articles' to browse Britannica in a range of different subject areas.

Hodder Education Magazines

Although aimed at A-level students, browsing these Review magazines may be a good way to identify a broad topic of interest. After you log-in, you can choose to search the whole database or choose a specific subject and browse/search within it.

Other, subject-specific resources

• Art: Oxford Art
• Drama: Drama Online
• Economics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection
• English literature: Connell Guides, EBSCO Literary Reference Centre, emagazine and MASSOLIT (a video-based resource)
• Music: Naxos Music Library, Oxford Music
• Politics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection 

Using the Subject Specific Guidelines

This table will help you work with the Subject-Specific Guidelines as you choose your topic. You are not required to submit this form to your supervisor, but you might find it helpful when filling in your Supervisor Application Form and Research Proposal.

AI Prompt Catcher

• AI Prompt Catcher Example

This Prompt Catcher  must  be completed if you are using AI tools as part of your initial research.  Since examiners cannot access the exact AI-generated content subsequently, you must cite and reference the tool in your essay and include a copy of the Prompt Catcher containing the generated content and the prompt you used to generate it in an appendix.

Annotated bibliography

This resource will help you to keep track of all the different sources you find. Once you start working with each source in more detail, you will also need a tool like the Investigative Journal to organise your notes.

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2016-2017 IB Extended Essay: Sample IB EE's

• Workshop 1: Getting started
• Workshop 2: EE Options
• Workshop 3: Selecting a topic
• Workshop 4:Research Questions
• Workshop 5: Supervisors and Reflections
• Finding Books & Ebooks
• Primary Sources
• Citation Guide
• Subject guidance
• Sample IB EE's
• Biology (2018 new rubric)
• Biology Light Intensity
• Does Age Have an Effect on Short-term Memory of 6 to 18 Year Old Students?

Chemistry: 

• Chemistry 1
• What are the Alternative Fuels for the Depleting Fossil Fuels and which is the Best Fuel in Accordance with the Energy Output?
• A Copper Ions
• Chemistry 3

Design Technology

• Does Hull Trim and Balance Affect the Speed of a Boat?

Individuals & Society:

• Market Form of the Retail Petroleum Supply Industry in Parklands
• Economics 1
• Economics 2
• Economics 3

I have an exemplar but the file is too big to upload.  If you are interested in this topic I can share the essay with you.

• Geography 2
• History EE (2018 new rubric)
• To What Extent was the Establishment of the State of Israel in Palestine in 1948, Influenced by Theodor Herzl?

Information Technology in a Global Society

• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Psychology EE (2018 new rubric)
• Applied Behavior Analysis and Early Intervention: The Extent of Recovery from Autism
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3

Social & Cultural Anthropology

• Social & Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social & Cultural Anthropology 2

World Religions

• To What Extent do the Core Scriptural Teachings of Sikhism Permit them to Marry Outside of the Religion?
• World Religions 1
• World Religions 2

Language Acquisition:

• French: Les Liaisons Dangereuses

Literature & Language 

•   Journeys in the Inferno and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz   
•   Toni Morrison 

Math: 

•   Cryptography and Rubik's Cube: An Investigative Analysis   
•   Pascal's Triangle 

Visual Arts: 

•   How Does the work of Yinka Shonibare Illustrate the Changing Role of African Art in a Global Society? 
• Ballet's Accessibility and Costumes Affecting Society's View of the Art Form
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 4

Interdisciplinary Essays:

Environmental Systems & Societies

• ESS Extended Essay (2018 new rubric)

World Studies

• World Studies EE History, Economics, & Politics  (2018 new rubric)
• Does the Production of Dairy and Meat from Dairy Cows in the United States affect the Environment and Well Being of Animals and Humans?
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Extended Essay Topics: 285 IB Ideas for You

High school students typically undertake this research project as part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. With a length of 3000-4000 words, it offers an opportunity for students to delve deeply into a topic of personal interest within one of the IB subject areas. Please follow the link to learn more about the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum .

If you want to learn how to write an extended essay, begin by selecting a well-defined research question that aligns with the subject's curriculum and your interests. Conduct thorough research using various reputable sources, analyze the gathered information critically, and develop a clear argument or thesis. Structuring the essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion, students should present their findings cohesively, supported by evidence and examples. Additionally, adhere to academic conventions, including proper citations and referencing, and ensure clarity and coherence in your writing.

Finally, students should engage in regular revisions and seek feedback from teachers or peers to refine their essays into a comprehensive and academically rigorous piece of work. You’ll be pleased to know that our online paper writing service provides IB essays, too!

How to Choose an Extended Essay Topic?

Choosing an EE topic is crucial as it sets the direction for your research and impacts your overall experience. Here's a concise guide to help you select suitable IB extended essay topic ideas:

• Identify Your Interests

Start by brainstorming subjects or topics that genuinely interest you. Consider your passions, hobbies, and subjects you excel in or find intriguing.

• Review IB Subject Areas

Explore the IB subject areas you're studying and consider how your interests intersect with these disciplines. Your EE topic should align with one of these subjects.

• Consider Feasibility

Assess the feasibility of potential extended essay ideas based on available resources, access to data, and your ability to conduct research within the given timeframe.

• Narrow Down Your Focus

Once you have a broad topic in mind, narrow it down to a specific research question or area of investigation. A focused, well-defined research question will make your EE more manageable and coherent.

• Consult with Teachers

Seek guidance from your teachers or EE supervisor. They can provide valuable insights, suggest potential topics, and help you refine your research question.

• Evaluate Significance

Consider the significance and relevance of your chosen topic. Is it academically challenging? Does it offer opportunities for original research or critical analysis?

• Reflect on Personal Connection

Reflect on why this topic matters to you personally. Connecting with your topic on a deeper level can enhance your motivation and engagement throughout the research process. If you need a more hands-on approach, request our college essay writing help now.

• Pilot Research

Conduct some preliminary research to gauge the availability of sources and the depth of existing literature on your chosen topic. This will help you determine whether it's viable for your EE.

• Stay Flexible

Be open to adjusting your topic or research question as you delve deeper into the literature and gather more information. Flexibility is key to finding the right balance between academic rigor and personal interest.

• Finalize Your Topic

Once you've considered these factors, finalize your EE topic and research question. Ensure it meets the IB's requirements and aligns with your academic goals and interests. If you need a psychology essay writing service , you can easily obtain it on our website.

The Ultimate List of Extended Essay Ideas

Are you ready for a surge of inspiration that will leave you no choice but to start writing? Then, let’s do this! For your convenience, EssayService distributed the topics among nineteen areas, depending on what subject you’re going to choose. Alternatively, you can order essay online without having to spend hours on research, drafting, and proofreading.

Best Extended Essay Topics

• Social media's impact on teen mental health.
• Renewable energy policy effectiveness.
• Gender roles in contemporary literature.
• Ethics of gene editing technology.
• Diversity's effect on workplace productivity.
• Propaganda's role in wartime opinions.
• Music's influence on memory.
• Bilingual education's language benefits.
• Globalization's impact on indigenous cultures.
• Mindfulness for stress reduction.
• Socioeconomic status and academic success.
• Mental illness portrayal in media.
• Religion's role in politics.
• Climate change and biodiversity.
• Alternative medicine's efficacy in chronic illness.

Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics

• The portrayal of light in Impressionist paintings.
• Symbolism in Frida Kahlo's self-portraits.
• The evolution of cubism in Picasso's works.
• Cultural influences on Japanese woodblock prints.
• Surrealism's impact on contemporary photography.
• The use of color in Matisse's cut-outs.
• Female empowerment in contemporary street art.
• Environmental themes in Land Art installations.
• Religious symbolism in Renaissance masterpieces.
• The intersection of technology and art in digital animation.
• Abstract expressionism and emotional catharsis.
• Political commentary in Banksy's graffiti.
• Gender representation in classical sculpture.
• Art as a form of protest in the Civil Rights Movement.
• Nature as muse in the Hudson River School paintings.

Computer Science Extended Essay Topics

• Machine learning applications in predicting stock market trends.
• Encryption techniques for securing cloud-based data.
• Quantum computing's impact on cryptography.
• Cybersecurity measures against ransomware attacks.
• Artificial intelligence in personalized healthcare.
• Algorithm optimization for autonomous vehicle route planning.
• Ethical considerations in facial recognition technology.
• Blockchain in supply chain management efficiency.
• Natural language processing advancements in virtual assistants.
• The role of big data analytics in business intelligence.
• Cybersecurity challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
• Exploring the potential of edge computing in IoT networks.
• Data privacy regulations and their impact on technology companies.
• The use of virtual reality in immersive learning experiences.
• Advancements in computer vision for image recognition tasks.

English Extended Essay Topics

• Identity exploration in contemporary literature.
• Gender dynamics in Shakespearean tragedies.
• Magical realism in Gabriel García Márquez's novels.
• Postcolonial themes in Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart."
• Symbolism in George Orwell's "1984."
• Alienation in J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye."
• The hero archetype in epic literature.
• Eco-criticism in environmental literature.
• Satire in Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels."
• Mental illness in Sylvia Plath's poetry.
• Comparative dystopian literature analysis.
• Mythology's influence on modern fantasy.
• Power dynamics in Shakespeare's "Macbeth."
• Narrator roles in postmodernist literature.
• Social commentary in Octavia Butler's science fiction.

History Extended Essay Topics

• The impact of colonialism on indigenous cultures.
• Analyzing the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.
• Women's suffrage movements around the world.
• The role of Propaganda in shaping public opinion during wartime.
• Comparing the French and American Revolutions.
• The rise and fall of ancient civilizations: A comparative study.
• Investigating the origins and consequences of the Cold War.
• The effects of globalization on indigenous communities.
• The significance of religious reformations in shaping modern societies.
• Exploring the legacy of imperialism in Africa.
• The role of technology in shaping the course of World War II.
• Resistance movements during periods of oppression.
• The impact of the Renaissance on European society and culture.
• Analyzing the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Movement.
• The role of nationalism in the dissolution of empires.

Extended Essay Topics Human Rights

• The impact and challenges of international human rights treaties.
• Social media's influence on human rights activism.
• Refugee rights: Navigating challenges in host nations.
• Transitional justice mechanisms in post-conflict societies.
• Environmental rights amidst the climate crisis.
• Indigenous land rights: Struggles and victories.
• Accountability and justice through international criminal tribunals.
• Technology's implications for privacy rights.
• Gender-based violence in conflict regions: Addressing root causes.
• Economic sanctions: Balancing human rights and political goals.
• Corporate responsibility in global supply chains: Progress and setbacks.
• Advocating for disability rights in diverse societies.
• Examining human rights impacts of mass incarceration.
• Protecting migrant workers from exploitation.
• Education's role in promoting human rights awareness.

Extended Essay Topics English Literature

• Symbolism in "To Kill a Mockingbird."
• Character development in "Pride and Prejudice."
• Conflict resolution in "Lord of the Flies."
• Themes of isolation in Emily Dickinson's poetry.
• Literary techniques in Edgar Allan Poe's short stories.
• Cultural identity in "The Joy Luck Club."
• Gender roles in Shakespearean comedies.
• Narrative structure in "The Great Gatsby."
• The theme of love in sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
• Imagery in the poetry of Langston Hughes.
• Symbolism in "The Catcher in the Rye."
• Social commentary in George Orwell's "1984."
• Religious motifs in "The Canterbury Tales."
• Irony in Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
• Allegory in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies."

Math Extended Essay Topics

• Fibonacci sequences in nature.
• Sorting algorithm efficiency.
• Music and mathematics.
• Game theory in economics.
• Mathematics of cryptography.
• Fractal patterns in geometry.
• Mathematics in sports analysis.
• Chaos theory: A mathematical view.
• Quantum computing fundamentals.
• Voting systems analysis.
• Symmetry: Exploring group theory.
• Population growth modeling.
• Origami mathematics.
• Neural networks: Math in AI.
• Network theory in social sciences.

Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

• pH's effect on enzyme activity.
• Chemical reaction kinetics.
• Food preservation chemistry.
• Temperature and reaction rate.
• Nanomaterials in chemistry.
• Catalysts in reactions.
• Water treatment chemistry.
• Natural vs. synthetic polymers.
• Photosynthesis and respiration.
• Equilibrium factors in chemistry.
• Chemical pollutants and remediation.
• Medicinal drugs chemistry.
• Green chemistry principles.
• Taste and aroma chemistry of foods.
• Alternative energy chemistry.

Extended Essay Business and Management Topics

• Corporate social responsibility's impact on consumer behavior.
• Effective supply chain management in global businesses.
• Leadership styles' role in organizational success.
• Marketing strategies' effectiveness in building brand loyalty.
• Culture's influence on international business negotiations.
• Entrepreneurship's challenges and opportunities in emerging markets.
• Employee motivation's relationship with performance.
• Globalization's effects on small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
• Digital technologies' role in transforming business operations.
• Diversity and inclusion policies' impact on organizational performance.
• Change management strategies in organizations.
• Factors influencing consumer buying behavior in the digital age.
• Ethics' role in business decision-making.
• E-commerce's impact on traditional retail businesses.
• International expansion's challenges and opportunities for businesses.

Good Extended Essay Topics for Economics

• Impact of government policies on income inequality.
• Effectiveness of monetary policy in achieving price stability.
• Role of human capital in economic development.
• Effects of globalization on labor markets.
• Relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability.
• Impact of trade liberalization on developing economies.
• Causes and consequences of financial crises.
• Effects of technological innovation on economic growth.
• Role of foreign direct investment in economic development.
• Economics of healthcare systems and universal coverage.
• Impact of income taxation on economic behavior.
• Economics of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
• Role of government intervention in market failures.
• Economics of poverty alleviation programs.
• Impact of economic incentives on consumer behavior.

Physics Extended Essay Topics

• How different surfaces affect the bounce of a ball.
• Exploring the science behind a slingshot's launch.
• The relationship between temperature and the rate of a chemical reaction.
• Investigating the factors affecting the stretch of a rubber band.
• The physics of a simple electric circuit.
• Measuring the speed of sound in different materials.
• Analyzing the effect of magnetism on the direction of a compass.
• The behavior of light through different colored filters.
• How the length of a pendulum affects its swing time.
• Investigating the relationship between mass and acceleration.
• Exploring the physics of a falling object.
• The properties of static electricity: Attraction and repulsion.
• The impact of surface area on the rate of heat transfer.
• Understanding the basics of friction: Sliding vs. rolling.
• Analyzing the effect of temperature on the volume of a gas.

Psychology Extended Essay Topics

• How music affects mood.
• Social media's impact on self-esteem.
• Color and emotion perception.
• Family dynamics and adolescent behavior.
• Nature vs. nurture in personality.
• Decision-making under pressure.
• Mindfulness meditation for stress.
• Sleep deprivation and cognition.
• Exercise and mental health.
• Psychology of addiction.
• Childhood trauma and adult mental health.
• Peer pressure and behavior.
• Motivation in academics.
• Culture's effect on cognition.
• Attachment styles in relationships.

Racism Extended Essay Topics

• Effects of racial bias in education.
• Media's role in perpetuating racial stereotypes.
• Economic disparities due to racial inequality.
• Combating racial prejudice strategies.
• Implicit bias and decision-making.
• Intersectionality of race and gender.
• Racial segregation in urban communities.
• Privilege and systemic racism.
• Racialization of immigration policies.
• Colonialism's impact on contemporary racism.
• Racial profiling in law enforcement.
• Microaggressions and their impact on minorities.
• Health disparities among different racial groups.
• Historical roots of racial discrimination.
• Representation of race in popular culture.

Global Politics Extended Essay Topics

• International efforts in addressing climate change.
• The impact of social media on political movements.
• Nuclear proliferation and global security.
• Human rights violations in conflict zones.
• Gender equality in international politics.
• The role of diplomacy in resolving conflicts.
• Economic globalization and income inequality.
• Refugee crises and humanitarian responses.
• Cybersecurity threats in the digital age.
• The rise of populism and its impact on democracy.
• Global health governance and pandemic preparedness.
• Ethnic conflicts and peacebuilding efforts.
• Environmental policies and sustainable development goals.
• Arms trade and its impact on global peace.
• The role of non-governmental organizations in global governance.

Biology Extended Essay Topics

• Effects of temperature on enzyme activity.
• Plant growth responses to light intensity.
• Genetics of flower color inheritance in plants.
• Impacts of pollution on freshwater ecosystems.
• Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
• The role of vitamins in human health.
• Photosynthesis rates in different light conditions.
• Investigating the biodiversity of a local ecosystem.
• Cellular respiration and its environmental factors.
• Effects of caffeine on heart rate in humans.
• Genetics of blood type inheritance.
• Investigating the effects of pH on aquatic life.
• Comparative study of animal adaptations in different environments.
• Impact of pesticides on bee populations.
• Investigating the factors influencing seed germination.

Extended Metaphor Essay Topics

• Life as a Rollercoaster: The ups and downs of life's journey.
• Love as a Battlefield: Navigating the challenges and victories of love.
• Education as a Garden: Cultivating knowledge and growth.
• Friendship as a Ship: Sailing through the waters of companionship.
• Time as a Thief: How time steals moments and memories.
• Success as a Puzzle: Fitting together the pieces of achievement.
• Dreams as Stars: Reaching for the stars in pursuit of our aspirations.
• Courage as a Beacon: Guiding us through dark times with bravery.
• Creativity as a River: Flowing with endless ideas and inspiration.
• Challenges as Mountains: Conquering obstacles like scaling peaks.
• Happiness as Sunshine: Brightening our lives with joy and warmth.
• Knowledge as a Key: Unlocking doors to understanding and wisdom.
• Emotions as Weather: Ever-changing like the skies above.
• Society as a Garden: Cultivating harmony and growth within communities.
• Ambition as a Flame: Burning bright with determination and drive.

Law IB Extended Essay Topics

• Human rights and national laws.
• Digital privacy regulations.
• International criminal accountability.
• Intellectual property and innovation.
• Law, technology, and challenges.
• Cultural influences on legal systems.
• Environmental laws for sustainability.
• Gender equality in legal contexts.
• International law effectiveness.
• Artificial intelligence and legal implications.
• Corporate responsibility in law.
• Reforming criminal justice systems.
• Family law in modern society.
• Legal ethics and dilemmas.
• Law's role in global inequality.

Extended Essay Topics Language and Literature

• The role of symbolism in a selected novel.
• Cultural stereotypes in contemporary literature.
• Comparing female characters in classic and modern literature.
• Metaphors in poetry: Analysis and interpretation.
• Historical context and its influence on literary themes.
• Translation's impact on understanding literature.
• Depiction of mental health in literary works.
• Folklore's influence on modern storytelling.
• Evolution of a literary genre.
• Narrative perspective and reader interpretation.
• Power dynamics in dystopian fiction.
• Trauma and resilience in postcolonial literature.
• Satire addressing social issues in literature.
• Interplay of language and identity in literature.
• Character development in a chosen play or novel.

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Exam Topics in IB Psychology Paper One

Travis Dixon July 29, 2020 Assessment (IB)

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The most important thing to know when studying for the IB Psychology exams are the topics. The IB Guide published by the IB has these listed. Unfortunately, the guide is a bit confusing in its layout and it’s not easy to see quickly and easily waht the topics are. That’s why I put them in this post. 

Download the following exam tables here: Exam Topics in Paper One IB Psych 2.0

Get more exam tips, example SAQs and study resources for the “additional terms” (in italics below) with this downloadable PDF – DOWNLOAD PREVIEW

If you’re trying to decide which approach to pick for the essays, the following list might help. You’ll see that the biological approach has the most. But that’s not to say it’s the most difficult approach. In fact, a lot of those topics can be combined into one. For example, if you choose your neurotransmitter properly, you could use one example and one study to cover neurotransmitters, the synapse, agonist or antagonist, and the brain and behaviour. Similarly, you need to consider which approach has good overlaps with Paper 2 and how you plan on using these overlaps. For example, you might use biological factors as etiologies of a disorder or explanations of a health problem. There’s no easy answer about which approach is best – it’s a personal choice students have to make.

• How to study for Paper 1 in IB Psychology (SAQs)
• How to study for Paper 1 in IB Psychology (Essays)

Travis Dixon is an IB Psychology teacher, author, workshop leader, examiner and IA moderator.

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90+ SEHS Extended Essay Topic Ideas for IB

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You’re in the right place if you’re passionate about sports, exercise, and health science. We’ve compiled a fantastic selection of SEHS extended essay topics to inspire your research. From exploring the science behind athletic performance to tackling social and ethical issues in sports, we’ve got you covered. 

I’ll break this list of IB SEHS EE topics into ten various categories. Therefore, it will be easier for you to navigate this article.

Here are the categories we will be covering:

Exercise Physiology

• Cardiovascular System : Investigating the effects of exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
• Respiratory System : Examining the impact of different types of exercise on lung capacity, ventilation rate, and oxygen uptake.
• Muscular System : Analyzing the physiological responses of muscles to various training regimens and their impact on strength, endurance, and recovery.

Sports Psychology

• Motivation : Exploring the factors that influence motivation in athletes and their impact on performance.
• Anxiety and Stress Management : Investigating the strategies used by athletes to manage anxiety and stress before and during competitions.
• Team Dynamics : Examining the role of team cohesion, communication, and leadership in sports performance.

Biomechanics

• Movement Analysis : Studying the biomechanics of specific movements in sports, such as running, jumping, or throwing.
• Injury Prevention : Investigating the biomechanical factors that contribute to sports injuries and the effectiveness of preventive measures.
• Equipment Design : Analyzing the impact of equipment design, such as footwear or protective gear, on athletic performance and safety.

Nutrition and Sports Performance

• Dietary Supplements : Evaluating the effects of dietary supplements, such as protein powders or creatine, on athletic performance.
• Hydration : Investigating the importance of hydration in sports performance and the best strategies for maintaining fluid balance.
• Energy Systems : Exploring the role of different energy systems (aerobic, anaerobic) in sports performance and the impact of nutrition on their efficiency.

Training and Conditioning

• Periodization : Examining the effectiveness of periodization training programs in enhancing sports performance.
• Strength and Conditioning : Investigating the impact of strength and conditioning programs on athletic performance and injury prevention.
• Flexibility Training : Analyzing the role of flexibility training in sports performance and injury prevention.

Sports Injury and Rehabilitation

• Concussions : Studying the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of concussions in contact sports.
• Overuse Injuries : Investigating the causes and prevention of overuse injuries in athletes.
• Rehabilitation Techniques : Evaluating the effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques in the recovery of sports injuries.

Ethical and Social Issues in Sports

• Doping : Examining the ethical implications and health risks of doping in sports.
• Gender Equality : Investigating the challenges and progress in achieving gender equality in sports.
• Youth Sports : Exploring the impact of early specialization and competitive pressure on young athletes.

Sports Technology and Innovation

• Wearable Technology : Investigating the impact of wearable technology, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, on athletes’ training and performance.
• Video Analysis : Examining the role of video analysis in improving technique and strategy in sports.
• Biometric Monitoring : Analyzing the use of biometric monitoring systems in assessing athlete health and performance.

Environmental Factors in Sports

• Altitude Training : Exploring the physiological effects of altitude training on athletes’ endurance and performance.
• Temperature and Climate : Investigating the impact of temperature and climate conditions on sports performance and safety.
• Air Pollution : Examining the effects of air pollution on athletes’ respiratory health and performance.

Psychological Well-being in Sports

• Mindfulness and Meditation : Investigating the effects of mindfulness and meditation practices on athletes’ mental health and performance.
• Body Image and Self-esteem : Exploring the relationship between body image, self-esteem, and performance in athletes.
• Coping with Retirement : Analyzing the psychological challenges faced by athletes during the transition to retirement and effective coping strategies.

So, whether you’re into biomechanics, nutrition, or sports psychology, get ready to dive into some exciting research that could take your understanding of SEHS to the next level! And if you need academic writing assistance – Writing Metier is here to help you.

IB SEHS EE Topic Ideas

Finally! Here are three topics and research questions for each subcategory in IB Sports, Exercise, and Health Science. They are designed to meet the IB Extended Essay criteria and are still quite researchable and “data-friendly” if you know what I mean 😉

Let’s kick things off with Exercise Physiology, where we’ll explore how our bodies respond to physical activity. From understanding how our muscles and cardiovascular system adapt to exercise, this section is all about the science behind fitness and performance.

Cardiovascular System

• Research Question: How does HIIT influence cardiovascular health markers, such as heart rate variability and blood pressure, in adolescents?
• Research Question: How does a 12-week endurance training program affect the resting heart rate of amateur athletes?
• Research Question: What cardiovascular adaptations occur in female athletes as a result of long-distance running training?

Respiratory System

• Research Question: How do different breathing techniques impact respiratory efficiency and performance in competitive swimmers?
• Research Question: How does exposure to urban air pollution affect respiratory function and exercise capacity in cyclists?
• Research Question: How does respiratory muscle training influence VO2 max and endurance performance in competitive rowers?

Muscular System

• Research Question: How does muscle fiber type distribution differ between elite powerlifters and marathon runners?
• Research Question: How does creatine supplementation affect muscle strength and recovery time in resistance-trained athletes?
• Research Question: How does eccentric resistance training influence muscle hypertrophy and strength compared to concentric training?

Here, we’ll dive into the mental aspects of sports . We’ll look at what motivates athletes, how they handle stress, and the dynamics of teamwork. It’s all about getting into the right mindset for peak performance.

• Research Question: How does goal setting influence motivation levels and performance outcomes in young athletes?
• Research Question: How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors affect the performance of collegiate basketball players?
• Research Question: How do coach-athlete relationships influence the motivation and performance of high school athletes?

Anxiety and Stress Management

• Research Question: How effective are mindfulness-based interventions in reducing competitive anxiety in elite athletes?
• Research Question: How do different stress management techniques affect the performance and anxiety levels of competitive tennis players?
• Research Question: How do pre-competition routines influence anxiety levels and performance in competitive gymnasts?

Team Dynamics

• Research Question: How does team cohesion affect the performance and success of youth soccer teams?
• Research Question: How do different leadership styles of coaches affect team dynamics and performance in collegiate volleyball teams?
• Research Question: How do communication patterns and conflict resolution strategies impact team effectiveness in professional sports teams?

In Biomechanics, we’re going to investigate the mechanics of movement in sports. We’ll analyze how athletes move, how they can prevent injuries, and how equipment design plays a role in their performance. Get ready to see sports from a whole new angle!

Movement Analysis

• Research Question: How do high-bar and low-bar squat techniques differ in terms of biomechanical variables and muscle activation?
• Research Question: What are the key kinematic differences in the tennis serve between players with and without shoulder injuries?
• Research Question: How does different types of footwear affect the gait patterns and injury risk in long-distance runners?

Injury Prevention

• Research Question: How do core stability exercises influence the incidence of lower back injuries in competitive gymnasts?
• Research Question: How effective are neuromuscular training programs in reducing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes?
• Topic: The Impact of Hamstring Stretching on Injury Prevention in Sprinters
• Research Question: How does a regular hamstring stretching regimen affect the injury rates in competitive sprinters?

Equipment Design

• Research Question: How does running shoe design, including cushioning and heel-to-toe drop, impact injury rates and running performance?
• Research Question: How do custom orthotics influence the biomechanical parameters and injury risk in athletes with flat feet?
• Research Question: How do different helmet designs affect the risk of concussions in American football players?

Next up is Nutrition and Sports Performance. We’ll be looking at how what we eat impacts our energy, recovery, and overall athletic performance. From supplements to hydration, this section covers the fuel behind the athletes.

Dietary Supplements

• Research Question: How does beta-alanine supplementation impact endurance performance and fatigue resistance in cyclists?
• Research Question: How does whey protein supplementation affect muscle recovery and hypertrophy in strength-trained individuals?
• Research Question: How does omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influence inflammation, recovery, and performance in endurance athletes?
• Research Question: How do different hydration strategies during a marathon affect performance and physiological markers of hydration?
• Research Question: How does pre-exercise hydration status influence thermoregulation and performance in athletes exercising in hot conditions?
• Research Question: What are the optimal electrolyte replacement strategies for maintaining performance and preventing hyponatremia in long-distance endurance events?

Energy Systems

• Research Question: How does HIIT impact mitochondrial density and efficiency in skeletal muscle of trained athletes?
• Research Question: How does carbohydrate periodization influence glycogen storage and utilization during endurance exercise?
• Research Question: How does the phosphagen system contribute to energy production during short-duration, high-intensity exercise, and what factors influence its efficiency?

This is where we get into the nitty-gritty of how athletes train to improve their strength, flexibility, and endurance. We’ll explore different training methods and how they translate into better performance.

Periodization

• Research Question: How does block periodization compare to traditional periodization models in improving performance in elite swimmers?
• Research Question: How can periodization strategies be implemented to reduce the risk of overuse injuries in youth athletes?
• Research Question: How does undulating periodization affect strength gains and performance in competitive powerlifters?

Strength and Conditioning

• Research Question: How does a plyometric training program influence sprint performance and agility in elite soccer players?
• Research Question: How does isometric training contribute to maximal strength development in comparison to dynamic resistance training?
• Research Question: How does functional movement training affect the incidence of lower limb injuries in collegiate basketball players?

Flexibility Training

• Research Question: How does dynamic stretching prior to competition affect performance outcomes in track and field athletes?
• Research Question: How does a regular yoga practice influence flexibility, balance, and fall risk in individuals over the age of 65?
• Research Question: How does PNF stretching compare to static stretching in improving hamstring flexibility and range of motion?

In Sports Injury and Rehabilitation, we’ll examine common injuries athletes face and how they recover from them. We’ll look at everything from concussions to overuse injuries and the latest techniques in rehabilitation.

Concussions

• Research Question: How effective are current concussion protocols in preventing and managing concussions in high school athletes?
• Research Question: How does neck strength training impact the risk of concussions in rugby players?
• Research Question: What are the long-term cognitive effects of concussions on former professional football players, and how are they being addressed?

Overuse Injuries

• Research Question: How does overtraining contribute to the incidence of stress fractures in competitive distance runners?
• Research Question: How can biomechanical analysis be used to identify and prevent overuse injuries in tennis players?
• Research Question: What are the most effective prevention strategies for reducing overuse injuries in youth baseball pitchers?

Rehabilitation Techniques

• Research Question: How effective is aquatic therapy in accelerating the rehabilitation process after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction?
• Research Question: How does blood flow restriction training impact muscle strength and recovery in post-operative knee rehabilitation?
• Research Question: How does the use of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation programs influence recovery outcomes for sports-related injuries?

In this part, we’ll tackle the tough questions around doping, gender equality, the pressures faced by young athletes, and other similar social aspects and ethical dilemmas related to sport. In other words – t’s all about understanding the broader impact of sports on society.

• Research Question: What are the psychological motivations behind doping among professional cyclists, and how can they be addressed?
• Research Question: How effective are current anti-doping policies in detecting and deterring doping practices in track and field athletics?
• Research Question: How do doping scandals affect public perception and trust in professional sports?

Gender Equality

• Research Question: How has Title IX impacted gender equality in college sports programs in the United States?
• Research Question: What are the gender disparities in sports sponsorship and media coverage, and how do they affect female athletes?
• Research Question: How do policies regarding transgender athletes impact competitive equity and inclusion in sports?

Youth Sports

• Research Question: How does early specialization in a single sport affect injury rates in youth athletes?
• Research Question: What is the role of parents in youth sports, and how can they balance support and pressure to ensure a positive experience for their children?
• Research Question: How does competitive stress impact the mental health and well-being of adolescent athletes, and what coping strategies can be employed?

In Sports Technology and Innovation, we’re going to explore how advancements in technology are changing the game. From wearable tech to video analysis, we’ll see how innovation is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in sports.

Wearable Technology

• Research Question: How does the use of wearable technology affect training efficiency and performance outcomes in amateur runners?
• Research Question: How does wearable technology contribute to injury prevention and monitoring in professional soccer players?
• Research Question: How effective are fitness trackers in encouraging physical activity and healthy habits among adolescents?

Video Analysis

• Research Question: How does video analysis influence technique improvement and performance in competitive swimmers?
• Research Question: How does video analysis impact decision-making and strategy development in basketball coaching?
• Research Question: How is video analysis utilized in identifying injury patterns and developing prevention strategies in rugby?

Biometric Monitoring

• Research Question: How does biometric monitoring contribute to performance optimization and personalized training in elite cyclists?
• Research Question: How does biometric monitoring assist in stress management and performance enhancement in competitive e-sports players?
• Research Question: How effective is biometric data in predicting fatigue and preventing overtraining in endurance athletes?

This section is all about how external conditions like altitude, temperature, and air quality affect athletic performance. We’ll delve into how athletes adapt and thrive in different environments .

Altitude Training

• Research Question: How does altitude training influence hemoglobin levels and athletic performance in long-distance runners?
• Research Question: How does natural altitude training compare to simulated altitude training in terms of physiological adaptations and performance outcomes?
• Research Question: How does altitude training affect recovery times and subsequent performance in professional cyclists?

Temperature and Climate

• Research Question: How does training in hot vs. cold climates affect endurance, thermoregulation, and performance outcomes in athletes?
• Research Question: How is climate change affecting the scheduling, safety, and performance of athletes in outdoor sports events?
• Research Question: What are the most effective temperature acclimatization strategies for athletes competing in extreme hot or cold conditions?

Air Pollution

• Research Question: How does exposure to air pollution in urban environments affect respiratory function and running performance?
• Research Question: What strategies can athletes and coaches employ to minimize the impact of air pollution on outdoor training sessions?
• Research Question: What are the long-term effects of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health and performance of marathon runners?

Finally, we have Psychological Well-being in Sports.

Here, we’ll focus on the mental health of athletes, covering topics like mindfulness, body image, and coping with the end of a sports career. It’s all about nurturing the mind as well as the body.

Mindfulness and Meditation

• Research Question: How does mindfulness meditation affect focus, anxiety management, and performance in competitive archers?
• Research Question: How does the implementation of mindfulness programs impact team cohesion, stress levels, and performance in high school sports teams?
• Research Question: How does meditation contribute to the development of mental toughness and resilience in elite athletes?

Body Image and Self-esteem

• Research Question: How do body image perceptions affect self-esteem, confidence, and performance in female gymnasts?
• Research Question: How does athletic identity influence body image and self-esteem in collegiate athletes, and what are the implications for their performance?
• Research Question: How does exposure to social media influence body image and self-esteem in young athletes, and what are the consequences for their mental health and performance?

Coping with Retirement

• Research Question: What are the psychological adjustment processes and coping strategies used by Olympic athletes during their transition to retirement?
• Research Question: How do career transition programs impact the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of retired professional football players?
• Research Question: How do athletes cope with identity crises and psychological challenges following forced retirement due to injury, and what support mechanisms are most effective?

All of these topics and research questions are designed to inspire IB Sports, Exercise, and Health Science students to engage in meaningful and manageable research projects that contribute to their understanding of various aspects of sports science while meeting the IB Extended Essay criteria, format and grading rubric.

Final Words

That wraps up our list of awesome IB SEHS topic ideas for your extended essay! Ready to be in the list of famous IB diploma graduates ? I hope you found some inspiration and are now buzzing with ideas for your research. 

Always remember, the key to a great extended essay is choosing a topic you’re genuinely interested in and passionate about; yes, it might sound easy, but in reality, it’s a much more complex task. 

Moreover, keep in mind that if you need expert assistance with IB SEHS EE topic suggestions or writing/editing your final draft, Writing Metier extended essay writing service is always ready to help you out!

So, take your time , pick a topic that resonates with you, and get ready to explore the fascinating world of sports, exercise, and health science. 

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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extended essay psychology topic

By karolina12345 January 6, 2022 in Psychology

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Karolina12345.

I am currently choosing the topic for my psychology EE, these are the topics;

1. significance of dreams in psychoanalysis

2. comparing and contrasting Freud's and Jung's theories of dreams and the unconscious.

my teacher told me that psychoanalysis is slightly out of date right now, but the topic should be fine. any advice?

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