drug abuse in manipur essay

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‘War on Drugs’ Campaign- Means to End Drug Trafficking in Manipur?

Progress and development are slowly but steadily taking place in Manipur, focussing on physical connectivity, new infrastructural projects, promoting tourism, and building new educational institutions and other related parameters to facilitate a secure life and prosperous economy. This will further contribute to empowering the state and the people as a platform for India’s Act East Policy by connecting with Southeast Asian (SEA) nations and beyond. Nevertheless, this new light at the end of the tunnel gets perturbed due to the widespread prevalence of drug trafficking via the porous Indo-Myanmar Border (IMB) and the increase in the number of drug users in the state . Drug trafficking is not a new trend in the state; however, the unprecedented rise of poppy cultivation raises a red signal that adversely impacts the northeast regions (NER) and the rest of India.

Drug mafias or drug kingpins have developed a strong network with Manipur and Myanmar to smuggle poppy out to Golden Triangle and vice versa. To uproot such detrimental threats from the soil, the state government launched campaigns such as ‘Nisha Thadoklasi’ and ‘War on Drugs in 2018. Under this campaign, the Chief Minister of Manipur, Shri Nongthombam Biren, aimed to destroy illegal poppy cultivation in hill regions, curtailing its distribution and trade using coercive and non-coercive methods [i] . However, the recent confiscation of drugs, a total of 44.5 Kg of ‘World is Yours (WY) tablets, aka ‘party drugs’ worth Rs 9 crores and another few Kg of WY tablets of Rs 5 crores in May and August 2022, respectively in Tengnoupal district of Manipur, bordering Myanmar [ii] exemplified that it is an issue that needs serious actions. There is no estimate of those unrecorded confiscations. Given the complexity of the problem, will the ‘War on Drugs’ campaign be a solution to the problem in the state?

Tobacco products, Ganja (marijuana), Alcohol, Opium, Spasmo Proxivon ( SP), Methamphetamine (WY), Codeine cough syrup, Pseudo-Epherine etc., [iii] are some of the easily accessible drugs available in the state. Among all, opium, methamphetamine and heroin are illegally transported from Myanmar through Lashio, Mandalay and Bhamo to Manipur and Mizoram via Moreh and Champhai,   respectively [iv] . In Manipur, drug trafficking remains no longer a local trade; it has become a multi-national business involving drug mafias from countries such as China, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Nepal [v] . Similarly, other northeastern states bordering Myanmar have clandestine networks to carry out this illegal and notorious business. Figure 1 shows the diagrammatic illustration of the nucleus of drug trafficking in northeast India. From this point onwards, it further circulates the smuggled drugs to the rest of the country.

Figure 1: Nucleus of Drug Trafficking in Northeast India

Source: Pushpita Das (2018), “Security Challenges and the Management of the Indo-Myanmar Border”, Adapted by Author

Figure 2 illustrates drugs that affected NER, mainly those sharing borders with Myanmar.

Figure 2: Impact of Drugs in Northeastern States

Source: https://socialjustice.nic.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Magnitude_Substance_Use_India_REPORT.pdf

The massive growth of illegal poppies in remote areas of Ukhrul, Senapati, Kangpokpi, Kamjong, Churachanpur and Tengnoupal districts of Manipur [Vi] , with massive investments by drug mafias has resulted in urea shortage in the state [Vii] . To control the same, the Manipur Narcotics and Affairs of Border (NAB) department reported that 963 drug traffickers, including 768 men and 195 women, were detained between April 27 and June 2019 under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act [Viii] . Law Enforcement agencies destroyed 1,420 acres of poppy plantation between 2020 and February 2021 [iX] . In the same year, Chief Minister N Biren Singh rewarded total cash of Rs 10 lakh to a village in Ukhrul district for voluntarily destroying poppy plants grown in the village [X] . Nevertheless, the problem persists. Hence, this coercive method does not seem effective in the long run until the government looks at the root causes of the problems and the reasons that push people to take the wrong path.

Socio-economically, the poppy cultivators belong to the most underprivileged section of society. They constantly struggle for basic amenities for their survival. Therefore, they are compelled to grow poppy because it is a profitable occupation, easy to grow along with other crops with the availability of cheap labour. Poppy cultivation is a ‘magic potion’ for them to get rid of their poverty [XI] , while the investment comes from drug kingpins [XII] .

Nevertheless, destroying poppies using a coercive method is not the right approach. This approach failed in countries like Afghanistan when the Taliban tried to ban opium in the country; the same happened in Thailand and Laos [XIII] . Instead, adopting alternative methods such as introducing development livelihood programmes for the cultivators to cultivate new crops such as ginger, cardamom, and lemongrass as substitute crops to replace poppy, facilitating proper rehabilitation, and a fair amount of compensation [XIV] [XV] without targeting them as ‘poppy victims’ will gradually reduce the production of opium in the state [XVI] . This alternate method has been a successful approach in the aforementioned three countries. It will have a’ balloon effect’ without offering any alternatives and compensation for their crops, wherein the farmers will shift the poppy cultivation to the remotest areas [XVII] . Similarly, the drug mafias and drug kingpins will find other ways to continue their business by building a new and more robust network with producers, smugglers and traders.

Reports have shown the increasing instances of alcoholism and drug addicts rising ‘ to cope with the frustration in life due to lack of opportunities, poverty, unemployment, broken family or sometimes for self-amusement or to accompany friends [xviii] . Drug addicts or abusers are mostly the state’s youth since these substances are readily available at low prices. Therefore, the government must pay proper attention by looking at the inadequacy of social institutions to curb and prevent the youth from indulging in this risky habit [xix] . The usage of opium is engrained in the customs and traditions of the Manipuri society since raw opium and ganja were used as medicine or painkiller during childbirth or for religious purposes in ancient times [xx] . In addition, alcohol too is used in various social functions though it has been banned since 1991. However, the recent legalisation of liquor sales in 2022 led to dissatisfaction and demand for the government to reconsider this decision. Therefore, abolishing alcohol and eradicating illegal drug smuggling will be an onerous task if the government focuses only on coercive methods. The nexus of politicians with drug mafias involved in drug trafficking must be checked with necessary actions to uproot it entirely from society.

The government must focus on the development of the people, enhance their skills, and provide them with jobs and other related necessities in their lives. Along with stringent laws for illegal drugs and their associated activities, all sections of the society, including the local population, civil society organisations, political class, student unions and Meira Paibi/Women Torch Bearers of Manipur, should come together and fight against this societal evil. In addition, the IMB needs to be checked since the source of the influx of illegal drugs in the state comes from this porous border. Revision of the Free Movement Regime (FMR) is required with the effective functioning of the Integrated Check Post (ICP) and Land Custom Station (LCS) at the border. Otherwise, a new Golden Triangle will be emerged in India’s northeast region, reigniting the dormant insurgency with drug-induced finances. Lastly, Manipur, a potential pivot for India’s Act East policy connecting India with SEA nations, will become an insurmountable security challenge if the problem of drug trafficking is not tackled seriously.

[i] ’Nisha Thadoklasi”, Manipur Govt Declares war on drugs’, mygov, 31 July 2019, https://blog.mygov.in/nisha-thadoklasi-manipur-govt-declares-war-on-drugs/

[ii] K Sarojkumar Sharma (2022), “Rs 5 crore party drugs Seized in Manipur’s Tengnoupal District, 1 Held”, The Times of India, August 28, 2022, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/rs-5-crore-party-drugs-seized-in-manipurs-tengnoupal-1-held/articleshow/93827388.cms

[iii] “Magnitude of Substance Use In India (2019)”, https://socialjustice.nic.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Magnitude_Substance_Use_India_REPORT.pdf

[iv] Pushpita Das (2018), “Security Challenges and the Management of the Indo-Myanmar Border”, Startegic Analysis, 42, 6 (2018), Available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09700161.2018.1557932?needAccess=true

[v] “Drug Smuggling from/through Manipur”, E-Pao http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.editorial.editorial_2021.Drug_smuggling_from_through_Manipur_TSE_20211122

[vi] Lily Sangpui and Jenny Kapngaihlian (2021), “ The Quest to End Illicit Poppy Cultivation in Manipur: Examining the War on Drugs Campaign”, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 56, Issue No. 32, 07 Aug, 2021, https://www.epw.in/engage/article/quest-end-illicit-poppy-cultivation-manipur

[vii] “Manipur: Congress Poll Observer Accuses Government of Diverting Urea Supply to Poppy Cultivation (2021)”, https://www.northeasttoday.in/2021/09/01/manipur-congress-poll-observer-accuses-government-of-diverting-urea-supply-to-poppy-cultivation/

[ix] “1420 Acres of Illicit Poppy Plantation Destroyed in 2020-2021, Sentinel, 11 January (2021) https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/manipur/manipur-1420-acres-of-illicit-poppy-plantation-destroyed-in-2020-2021-

[x] Prasanta Mazumdar (2021), “Maniour govt diverting urea for poppy plantations, claims Jairam Ramesh, The Indian Express, https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/31/manipur-govt-diverting-urea-for-poppy-plantations-claims-jairam-ramesh-2352363.html

[xiii] David Mansfield and Adam Pain (2005), “Alternative Livelihoods: Substance or Slogan? Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Briefing Paper Series

[xiv] Ngamjahao Kipgen (2019), “ Why Farmers in Manipur Cultivating Poppy?”, Economic and Political Weekly, https://www.epw.in/engage/article/why-are-farmers-manipur-cultivating-poppy

[xv] K Sarojkumar Sharma (2017), “Lemongrass to replace illegal poppy farming in Manipur”, The Times of India, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/lemongrass-to-replace-illegal-poppy-farming-in-manipur/articleshow/58237749.cms

[xvii]  Ibid

[xviii] Sanjenbam Jugeshor Singh (2022),”Menace of Alcoholism & Drug Abuse in Manipur”, The Frontier Manipur, April 23, 2022, https://thefrontiermanipur.com/menace-of-alcoholism-drug-abuse-in-manipur/

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OPINION | Manipur Crisis: War on Drugs Or Drugs on War?

Written By : Dr G Shreekumar Menon

Last Updated: August 01, 2023, 19:30 IST

New Delhi, India

From Kashmir to Kerala, there is a silent war brewing, using heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. (Representational image: Shutterstock)

Drug trafficking and poppy cultivation have attained an industry-like status in Manipur. This means many state and central government organisations functioning there have been effectively compromised.

In a classic article “Drugs and War: What is the relationship”, writer Peter Andreas, in the Annual Review, Department of Political Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, examines the theme of what is the relationship between psychoactive drugs and war. The article identifies and traces five key dimensions of this relationship: war while on drugs, war for drugs, war through drugs, war against drugs, and drugs after war. Six drugs have proven to be particularly important: alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, opium (and its derivatives morphine and heroin), amphetamines, and cocaine. They range from old to relatively new, mild to potent, licit to illicit, natural to synthetic. Although they have medical applications, all have become extraordinarily popular and profitable global commodities through their nonmedical use. Today’s battles between rival drug traffickers can be viewed as a form of criminal commercial warfare, made possible by both the criminalisation of drugs and the availability of military hardware and military-trained foot soldiers.

Traditional security scholars may object to classifying this type of organised violence as a war, but the sheer number of deaths and the heavily armed nature of the most powerful players may suggest the need to rethink our conventional definitions of what counts as war. Distinctions between military conflict and criminal conflict can become blurry, especially in terms of lethality, after all, more people have died in Mexico from drug-related violence than in most civil wars. It should be emphasised that the war for drugs can closely interact with and be fuelled by the war against drugs. For example, in the Mexico case, it is clear that the government’s strategy of decapitating major drug trafficking organisations has unintentionally helped to unleash violent turf battles between rival traffickers. When one trafficking organisation has been taken down or weakened by the war against drugs, other trafficking organisations have aggressively engaged in the war for drugs, violently competing for the newly vacated turf—typically meaning control of the major corridors and border entry points.

Another interactive effect is that drug trafficking organisations may launch a war for drugs as a response to a war against drugs, with tactics including the assassination of judges, police, and politicians. Although the standard operating procedure for most drug traffickers is to evade rather than violently confront the state—too much violence can be bad for business by attracting unwanted attention and increasing security costs—the exceptions have included declaring an all-out war on the state. The most famous case was the Medellín cocaine trafficking organisation of Pablo Escobar, whose escalating war against the Colombian government in the 1980s and early 1990s took the lives of hundreds of police officers, dozens of judges, and several presidential candidates. That war only ended when Escobar was tracked down and killed with US intelligence assistance”.

In light of the above, the war against drugs, currently underway in Manipur, can be better understood. Manipur Chief Minister’s ‘War on Drugs 2.0’ has resulted in the seizure of illegal drugs worth over Rs 182 crore in the international market and the arrest of around 140 drug traffickers since March 2020. The law enforcement agencies destroyed a total of 380 acres of poppy cultivation. Manipur occupies an area of 22,327 km² (8,621 sq mi), roughly about the size of the US state of New Jersey. Most parts of the state are mountainous with rugged hills and narrow valleys, except the area around the capital Imphal, where the landscape is flat. This small landscape is inhabited by Chin-Kuki-Mizo-Zomi hill tribes on one side and the Meitei community on the other. The Chief Minister’s War on Drugs has exposed the narco-politics within the state.

According to Manipur government sources, between 2017 and 2018, over 18,664 acres of poppy-cultivated land have been destroyed by state forces, and 963 drug traffickers, including 195 women, were arrested under the NDPS Act between April and June 2019. This has mostly been confined to the hill districts and poppy cultivation is a source of livelihood for many members of the Kuki-Zo-Chin tribes. If 963 drug traffickers have been apprehended in this small State, it gives an indication of the enormity of the narco-politics that it is grappling with. Close proximity of Myanmar, which is a major player in the international drug circuit, adds another dimension, and the involvement of Chinese nationals complicates the drug scenario considerably.

Presently, drug trafficking and poppy cultivation have attained an industry-like status in Manipur, and this means many State government and Central government organisations functioning there have been effectively compromised. The current ‘war on drugs’ has impacted tribes and non-tribes, living off ‘narco-money’, especially the Kuki community, who according to the Chief Minister “are encroaching everywhere, whether reserved forests, protected forests, doing poppy plantations and drugs business”. The April 19, 2023 order of the Manipur High Court directing the State Government to consider granting the Meitei community Scheduled Tribe status, gave the drug lobby a smoke-screen to start a retaliatory attack against the State government’s ‘war on drugs 2.0’. The anti-drugs war of the State Government, got a cosmetic make-over to become a Kuki versus Meitei conflict, whose reverberations are crossing ripples across the Southeast Asian drug circuit.

The Wars on Drugs is also happening in Thailand and in distant Philippines by President Duterte, as also in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. In Myanmar, an estimated 50–70% of inmates are in prison on drug charges, and in recent years lawmakers have upheld the use of lengthy prison sentences even for minor drug offences. As an alternative, drug lords of Myanmar, have for long, made Manipur into an Opium cultivation enclave. The poppies are taken to Myanmar through the porous India-Myanmar border, which runs for 1,643 km through the four states of Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. The Free Movement Regime (FMR) allows tribes living along the border on either side to travel up to 16 km inside the other country, without a visa. Unfortunately, the Kuki and Chin tribes of Myanmar, misused this provision to occupy the hills and cultivate opium. Decades of unhindered occupation have resulted in a well-oiled narco-trade where opium is cultivated in Manipur and smuggled into Myanmar for processing into heroin and thereafter sent to major Southeast Asian markets. Myanmar’s major drug production centre, the Shan state, which is notorious for the production of illicit heroin, methamphetamine, and yaba, is just 521 km away from Manipur.

The enormously profitable drug production and trade has fuelled ethnic conflicts, criminality, and corruption, which has not been amenable to any kind of control or eradication. Al Jazeera in its report of June 26, 2023, titled “Myanmar authorities burn $446m in illegal drugs”, quoted the head of Myanmar’s Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control, to the effect that its efforts to crush the multibillion-dollar trade were having no impact.

Many observers, therefore, opine that Manipur has also become an extended geographical space of the Golden Triangle. Myriad other problems have cropped up due to poppy cultivation, especially large-scale deforestation, environmental pollution due to unrestricted use of pesticides, and finally culminating in the vociferous demands for a separate Kukiland. Western controlled and appointed foreign missionaries, who had an absolutely free reign in large-scale conversions of many tribes including Kukis, did not have success with the Meiteis, hence their present strategy to expel them from Manipur. Between the 1961 and 2011 censuses of India, the share of Hindus in the state declined from 62% to 41%, while the share of Christians rose from 19% to 41%, reflecting the heightened proselytization that has happened in the State.

The government is not fighting an anti-narcotics war only, but the fight is also against insurgency, foreign missionaries, and the demand for a separate Kuki homeland. The orchestrated international ruckus in the media and social media platforms is a concerted effort to foment large-scale disturbances in the sensitive North-east. The Chinese hand is also prominently discernible in the ongoing violence, as it has designs on dismembering the Northeast from the Indian mainland.

Unfortunately, in India there is always a standard operating procedure for the politicians and media to use religious identities to either obfuscate or highlight or cover up, to sabotage progressive policies and welfare measures. The Manipur anti-drugs war has been deliberately given a colouring of a communal clash between the Christian Kukis who control the drug trade and the Meitei Hindus. The stage-managed chorus being organised by the Western-controlled church and its army of NGOs is to fortify the communal angle. The Kuki drug lords know very well who to be kept on their payrolls. This communal colouring will enable them to successfully sabotage the ongoing war on drugs and keep the illegal narco-trade continuously active.

But, the ‘war through drugs’ is not just a Manipur-centred event, drug trafficking is happening all across the Western land and sea borders of India. From Kashmir to Kerala, there is a silent war brewing, using heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. Mega seizures are happening routinely, but enforcement agencies are unable to conclude any investigations on time, kingpins remain untraced and peddlers and carriers get out on bail, to resume their next assignment. The drug menace continues to be underpinned by numerous social, political, religious, and economic power determinants.

Political power asymmetries between different States further complicate the problem, thereby portraying national and local enforcement agencies as lacking superintendence or control of their anti-drugs agenda. Hence, many Chief Ministers have cautiously refrained from launching any war on drugs. The Manipur Chief Minister, however, dared to take the bull by the horns and finds himself in a deep quagmire. Before engaging himself in this task, he should have set up an extensive and institutionalised counter-narcotics strategic framework. Any steps to radically alter the drug scenario is bound to unpack secret internal power equations, and hidden nexus between politicians, bureaucrats, foreign-appointed religious heads, and biased media. Local populations that have gotten used to strenuous-free wages and funds will rebel against the unacceptable financial burden that a prohibitionist drug policy will impose. The high financial and human burden of drug war policies and their disproportionate displacement of poor and marginalised communities is a phenomenon globally noticed and accepted.

The war on drugs, and all interventions resulting therefrom, should have been a national programme; a border State like Manipur cannot handle it all by itself. This is the same predicament that is faced by other international border States like Punjab, Kashmir, and Bengal. A lone State embarking on an all-out war on drugs will face a David versus Goliath narrative, one of a small supplicant state challenging the national, international, and inter-State equations enmeshed in the deep complexity of politics and power dynamics and the behemoth corruption that is generated. The scale of the emerging illicit drug markets across India is a warning that we need a national drug control strategy, and a national anti-drug secretariat, to formulate national policies on drug use, drug market economics, and perhaps most importantly to assess the impact of drug enforcement activities. Has there ever been an audit to evaluate the effectiveness of the various drug enforcement agencies functioning under the central and state governments? Has the University Grants Commission, National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) put in place a Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Act? The answer is the negative.

Much needs to be done to strengthen India’s anti-drug initiatives. Meanwhile, Manipur Chief Minister Biren Singh’s ‘War on Drugs 2.0’ has put him into a Prince Abhimanyu in the Chakravyuha like situation, he is surrounded by a phalanx of vested interests comprising of Western-funded human rights groups, NGOs, fundamentalist religious organisations, powerful drug kingpins, traffickers, Myanmar based drug lobbies, Chinese intelligence agencies, compromised politicians, political parties and weak government institutions. He will need astute statesmanship, diplomacy, and ruthlessness to wriggle out safely.

Dr G Shreekumar Menon IRS (Rtd), PhD (Narcotics), is Former Director General, National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes & Narcotics. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely that of the author. They do not necessarily reflect News18’s views.

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Essay on Drug Abuse in 250 and 500 Words in English for Students

• Updated on  
• Apr 2, 2024

Drug abuse refers to the excessive and frequent consumption of drugs. Drug abuse can have several harmful effects on our mental and physical health. Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the USA, passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and initiated the War on Drugs . He said, ‘Let us not forget who we are. Drug abuse is a repudiation of everything America is.’

Consuming drugs not only harms the individual himself but also affects society as a whole. Studies have shown that people who consume drugs become addicted to it. This addiction turns into substance abuse, resulting in self-damage, behaviour changes, mood swings, unnecessary weight loss, and several other health problems. Let’s understand what drug abuse is and how to fight it.

This Blog Includes:

Essay on drug abuse in 250 words, why do people consume drugs, why is drug abuse bad, laws in india against drug consumption, steps to prevent drug addiction, 10 lines essay on drug abuse.

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‘When people consume drugs regularly and become addicted to it, it is known as drug abuse. In medical terminology, drugs means medicines. However, the consumption of drugs is for non-medical purposes. It involves the consumption of substances in illegal and harmful ways, such as swallowing, inhaling, or injecting. When drugs are consumed, they are mixed into our bloodstream, affecting our neural system and brain functioning.

The Indian government has taken significant steps to help reduce the consumption of drugs. In 1985, the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act came into force. This act replaced the Opium Act of 1857, the Opium Act of 1878, and the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1930. 

Drug abuse can lead to addiction, where a person becomes physically or psychologically dependent on the substance and experiences withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop using it. 

Drug abuse can have serious consequences for the individual and society as a whole. On an individual level, drugs can damage physical health, including organ damage, infectious diseases, and overdose fatalities. Not only this, a person already suffering from mental health disorders will face more harmful aftereffects. Addiction disrupts our cognitive functioning and impairs our decision-making abilities.

To fight drug abuse, we need collective action from all sections of society. Medical professionals say that early intervention and screening programmes can identify individuals at risk of substance misuse and provide them with the necessary support services. Educating people, especially those who are at-risk, about drug abuse and its harmful effects can significantly help reduce their consumption.

Drug abuse is serious and it must be addressed. Drug abuse is killing youth and society. Therefore, it is an urgent topic to address, and only through sustainable and collective efforts can we address this problem.

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Essay on Drug Abuse in 500 Words

Drug abuse is known as frequent consumption. In time, these people become dependent on drugs for several reasons. Curiosity drives adolescents and teenagers, who are among the most susceptible groups in our society. Cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin, etc. are some of the popular drugs consumed. 

The very first question about drugs is: why do people consume drugs? Studies have shown that more than 50% of drug addicts consider drugs as a coping mechanism to alleviate emotional or psychological distress. In the beginning, drugs temporarily relieve feelings of anxiety, depression, or trauma, providing a temporary escape from difficult emotions or life circumstances. 

Some consume drugs out of curiosity, some under peer pressure, and some want to escape the painful experiences. Some people enjoy the effects drugs produce, such as euphoria, relaxation, and altered perceptions. Recreational drug use may occur in social settings or as a form of self-medication for stress relief or relaxation.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse states that drugs can worsen our eyesight and body movement, our physical growth, etc. Marijuana, one of the most popular drugs, can slow down our reaction time, affecting our time and distance judgement and decreasing coordination. Cocaine and Methamphetamine can make the consumer aggressive and careless.

Our brain is the first victim of drugs. Drugs can disorder our body in several ways, from damaging organs to messing with our brains. Drugs easily get mixed into our bloodstream, and affect our neural system. Prolonged and excessive consumption of drugs significantly harms our brain functioning.

The next target of drug abuse is our physical health and relationships. Drugs can damage our vital organs, such as the liver, heart, lungs, and brain. For example, heavy alcohol use can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, while cocaine use can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Here is an interesting thing; the USA has the highest number of drug addicts and also has strict laws against drug consumption. According to a report by the Narcotics Control Bureau, around 9 million people in India consume different types of drugs. The Indian government has implemented certain laws against drug consumption and production.

The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS), prohibits the production, sale, purchase, and consumption of narcotics and other illegal substances, except for scientific and medical purposes.

Also, Article 47 of the Indian Constitution states that ‘ The State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption, except for medicinal purposes, of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health.’

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Several steps can be taken to prevent drug addiction. But before we start our ‘War on Drugs’ , it is crucial to understand the trigger point. Our social environment, mental health issues and sometimes genetic factors can play a role in drug abuse.

• Education and awareness are the primary weapons in the fight against drugs. 
• Keeping distance from people and places addicted to drugs.
• Encourage a healthy and active lifestyle and indulge in physical workouts.
• Watch motivating videos and listen to sound music.
• Self-motivate yourself to stop consuming drugs.
• Talk to a medical professional or a psychiatrist, who will guide you to the right path.

Drug abuse is a serious problem. The excessive and frequent consumption of drugs not only harms the individual but also affects society as a whole. Only a collective approach from lawmakers, healthcare professionals, educators, community leaders, and individuals themselves can combat drug abuse effectively. 

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Here is a 10-line essay on drug abuse.

• Drug abuse can significantly affect our physical growth
• Drug abuse can affect our mental functioning.
• Drug abuse may provide instant pleasure, but inside, it weakens our willpower and physical strength.
• Educating people, especially those who are at-risk, about drug abuse and its harmful effects can significantly help reduce their consumption.
•  Drugs easily get mixed into our bloodstream, and affect our neural system. 
• Prolonged and excessive consumption of drugs significantly harms our brain functioning.
• In 1985, the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act came into force.
• The USA has the highest number of drug addicts and also has strict laws against drug consumption.
• Drug addicts consider drugs as a coping mechanism to alleviate emotional or psychological distress.
•  Adolescents and teenagers are the most vulnerable section of our society and are driven by curiosity.

Ans: Drug abuse refers to the excessive and frequent consumption of drugs. Drug abuse can have several harmful effects on our mental and physical health.

Ans: ‘When people consume drugs regularly and become addicted to it, it is known as drug abuse. In medical terminology, drugs means medicines. However, the consumption of drugs is for non-medical purposes. It involves the consumption of substances in illegal and harmful ways, such as swallowing, inhaling, or injecting. When drugs are consumed, they are mixed into our bloodstream, affecting our neural system and brain functioning.

Ans: Drug abuse is known as frequent consumption. In time, these people become dependent on drugs for several reasons. Adolescents and teenagers are the most vulnerable section of our society who are driven by curiosity. Cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, heroin, etc. are some of the popular drugs consumed.  The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS), prohibits the production, sale, purchase, and consumption of narcotics and other illegal substances, except for scientific and medical purposes.

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With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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" YOUTH ADDICTION TO DRUGS AND SOCIAL INTERVENTION – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MANIPUR STATE " . * A. KENNEDY

The young generations are the worst victims of evils of drug addiction. Substance abuse as a social phenomenon is all the more worrisome because of its prevalence among youth. Over the last two decades or so, countries all over the world have seen an alarming rise in the incidence of substance abuse amongst the most productive and crucial section of its population. The young people are in their perennial search for happiness and they find a shortcut to happy life in drugs. But before realizing that they are chasing shadows, they get trapped in and in the end the futility of their search stares at them on the face. This paper deals with Causes of Drug use, impact of drug usage, and the need for intervention and the methods of prevention of drug addiction.

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International Research Journal Commerce arts science

In recent years India is facing a major problem with the illicit use of drug, drug trafficking, consuming and so on. It is a complex phenomenon which has various social, cultural, biological, geographical, historical and economic aspects. The processes of industrialization, urbanization and migration have led to loosening of the traditional method of social control. The spread and entrenchment of drug abuse needs to be prevented. The sole aim of the research is to find out the generic answer on it. The researcher believed that improvement in the systems can yet be made. Introduction – : A drug is a chemical substance whether or not obtained from natural sources which is taken for the pleasant effects it produces. It has to be understood that drugs in common use differ in their pharmacological effects. The word " drug " relates not to any one particular kind of drug but to various kinds of narcotic substances, which may differ from one another in its effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. The international convention on Drugs to which India is a signatory has classified drugs into two categories. Such as Narcotic drugs and Psychotropic substances. Drug abuse means taking a drug to reasons other than medical and amount strength, Frequency or manner that damages the physical and mental functioning. The researcher here states that the uses of drug damage the physical and mental health of the individual but also kills him. It ruins his family and social values. The main drugs of abuse in India are cannabis, heroin and opium. Mostly they are used for cultural and traditional reasons, because of easily availability and local cultivation. However there is reported increase in abuse of prescription drugs such as morphine ephedrine morphine, proxyvon, diazepam and codeine based cough syrups. The majority o f addicts are between 15 to 35 years of age and it is the most productive age group of the country. There is also increasing abuse of drugs and psychotropic substances among out of school children, street children. This problem is also spread in the rural areas. The abuse of inject able heroin is particularly widespread in the northeastern state of Manipur, Nagaland and Mizoram. Traditional abuse of opium still continues in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Utter Pradesh and Gujarat. With every addict, the life of a whole family is affected. Drug addiction is the compulsive use of psychoactive drugs, to the point where the user has no effective choice but to continue use. Drug addiction has 2 components Physical dependency and Psychological dependency. 1)Physical dependency occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the body has become accustomed to its effects. The person must then continue to use the drug in order to feel normal or its absence will trigger the symptoms of withdrawal.

International Res Jour Managt Socio Human

Now days, Drug addiction is a big very dangerous and harmfully not only for the drug addicts but it is also negative impact on the fabric for the society. Drug addiction is a societal problem that is steadily increasing throw in to the damage of family and society. When we talk about drug addicts then we find out different types of hindrances such as feelings of inequality, un-acceptance, neglected and hated feelings through her/his family members in family. Due to these problems they have unable to adjust in their family and society. Family is a first seminary for the child; child learn most of thing such as value system, moral and social knowledge etc. and at that time if child's social and family environment is not good so child would be a negative personality development and he go throw bad thing. This paper is analyzing the role of family in person life and which type of cause, to help in become drug addicts.

The article discusses how HIV/AIDS is emerging as a human security threat. It analyses how it affects the humanitarian dimensions of security and associates itself with various sectors of human security. The purpose of this article is to determine that how the rampant spread of disease is emerging as a direct and indirect threat to the life and dignity of a human being. The article also draws attention to certain factors such as ignorance, poverty and social stigma that plays a major role in the increment of rate of HIV/AIDS in India as well as it discusses the preventive measures that have been undertaken by the Government to India to curb the epidemic

Hepatitis BVirus, Hepatitis CVirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus are common serological markers which are tested before any surgical intervention on the patient. All three are viruses and have common mode of transmission and risk factors. 500 cases of liver diseases were tested in the present study. HBsAg positivity was seen in 18% of cases HCV in 23% of cases and HIV in 1.4 % of cases. 15 cases (3%) had both HBsAg and HCV while 7 cases had both HBsAg and HIV. None of cases was positive for all the three viral markers together.

It is said that individuals need help throughout their lives and from this comes the phrase that counselling is needed from ―the cradle to the grave‖. However, there are certain stages in a human being‘s life when counselling is needed more because of the process of development and growth. One of these stages is the period of adolescence when adolescents are usually either in school or college or out of school as‗drop-outs‘ and ‗left-outs‘), and therefore the need and importance of counselling is highest during this period and for these groups.

International Research Journal Commerce arts science , Dr.Kumar K

The present study focuses on the impact of tobacco chewing behavior of college student on their Home adjustment and Social adjustment. To explore this objective a sample of 50 students who were chewing tobacco and 50 students who were not chewing tobacco were selected from Nakur and surrounding area of Saharanpur. The subjects were administered the adjustment inventory for college students. The result revealed that the students who were chewing tobacco differed significantly from those who were not chewing tobacco, on their Home adjustment and Social adjustment. INTRODUCTION Man has been using plant derived drugs and alcohol for thousands of years. The recorded history indicates that some of the drugs were used not just for their presumed therapeutic effects, but also for recreational purposes to enhance pleasure and relieve stress. New and often more harmful drugs and patterns of uses are replacing traditional practices. In recent years the consumption of licit (tobacco, alcohol) as well as illicit substances has increased greatly throughout the world. Adolescence is the critical period when the first initiation of substance use takes place. Among the youth, students are particularly involved due to increasing academic pressures. The encouragement by peer groups, the lure of popularity and easy availability of many such substances like alcohol, tobacco and other drugs make a teenager an easy prey in India approximately 5500 children start using tobacco products daily the majority of users have first use tobacco prior to age of 18 years. Review of lite rature: Gunthey and Manisha (1998) examined the family enviourment and adjustment problems of drug users. A sample of 40 college students was divided equally into two groups of drug user and non drug users. It was found that drug users showed unsatisfactory home and social adjustment. Adjustment problems in the area of health, social and emotional were more severe among drug users than among non-drug users. Bhardwaj and Sharma (1998) compared emotional competencies among 50 addicts and 50 non-addicts. It was obsevered that non-addicts as compared had greater depth of feelings, could express and control emotions better and were able to function with emotion more effetely. Joseph et al. (2012) examined the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol related outcomes were mediated college adjustment. They found that negative college adjustment mediated the relationship between coping drinking motives.

The phenomenon of Street children is neither new nor confined to any particular region. Different societies, have over the decades been responding to the situation in their own styles. While at some places the problem is being tackled in a systematic manner, in many other situations the responses have just been ad hoc. The mental makeup of an adult is to a substantial extent the product of the environment in which he or she has grown as a child. Differences in attitudes to life, personal traits, value system and even skills can often be traced back to physical and socio-economic milieu surrounding of the child in its formative years. Factors like the availability or lack of protective family care and affection, of various necessities and luxuries and access to various facilities like education, health- care, recreation etc all have a contribution to make towards the growth of a person’s personality and shape his or her future life.

The complexity of HIV/AIDS related stigma is often cited as a primary reason for the limited response to this pervasive phenomenon that refers to prejudice, discounting, discrediting and discrimination directed at persons perceived to have AIDS or HIV, as well as their partners, friends, families and communities. Although stigma is considered a major barrier to effective responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, stigma reduction efforts are relegated to the bottom of AIDS program Priorities. HIV/AIDS has had a devastating impact at individual, household and community levels. AIDS has challenged several aspects of contemporary social life and conventional approaches to health care. The social and medical responses to diseases have probably not been challenged so intensely for a long time. Social implications of HIV/AIDS are perhaps the serious most threat and hurdle to human development. Stigma profoundly affects the lives of people with HIV/ AIDS. In the present study, we focus to identify the impact of society on HIV positive men and women clients living in Delhi. We also explore the impact of stigma on health and healthcare among HIV positive clients in our sample. We discuss implications of HIV related stigma for the mental and physical health of HIV Positive women and men and suggestions for possible interventions to address the stigma among the society.

Adolescent health and nutrition status has an inter-generational effect. Therefore, adolescence isone of the important stages of the life cycle in terms of health interventions. Adolescence is a critical transitional period that includes the biological changes of puberty and the need to negotiate key developmental tasks, such as increasing independence and normative experimentation. The Reproductive, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health programme which is at the heart of flagship programme National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is introduced to generate awareness about the health issues of adolescents apart from other goals. The aim of this programme is to protect the lives and safeguard the health of women, adolescents and children, through constant innovation and collaboration of interventions. The aim of this paper to highlight components of the programme meant to help the adolescents to meet their mental, social and emotional needs.

As far as India is concerned, the provisions relating to Capital Punishment are embodied in Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. Indian Penal Code is the substantive law, which suggests the offences, which are punishable with death sentence. Criminal Procedure Code is the procedural law, which explains the procedure to be followed in death penalty cases. This article discusses the need of abolition of Capital Punishment in India. In the present scenario, when 140 countries have abolished death penalty, it is need of the hour in India to do the same.

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