essay on educational system of pakistan

Education System in Pakistan Essay

This essay provides a simplified overview of Pakistan’s education system, highlighting its structure, literacy rates, and the challenges it faces. It emphasizes the need for significant improvements to ensure quality education for all children in the country.

The Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments in Pakistan manage the country’s education system. The federal government mainly helps with developing the curriculum, giving accreditation, and funding research and development. The education system has six levels: preschool (ages 3-5), primary (grades 1-5), middle (grades 6-8), secondary (grades 9-10, ending with the Secondary School Certificate or SSC), intermediate (grades 11-12, ending with a Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC), and university programs for undergraduate and graduate degrees.

As of 2022, 72% of people in Pakistan can read and write. The literacy rate is higher for men (81.22%) than for women (54.71%). However, these rates can vary. For example, in tribal areas, only 9.5% of women can read and write, while in Azad Kashmir, the literacy rate is 74%. Pakistan has the second-highest number of children not in school (22.8 million) in the world, after Nigeria.

Pakistan’s education system faces many challenges. These include a low literacy rate compared to other countries, high unemployment among educated young people (over 31% are jobless), and fewer job opportunities for women compared to men.

Pakistan’s education system is complex and has changed a lot over the years. The government has tried to improve it, but there is still much work to do to make sure every child in Pakistan can get a good education.

How to improve education system in pakistan essay

Making Pakistan’s education system better is a big job that needs to solve many important problems. Here are some ideas from different sources:

Same Curriculum for All : All schools should teach the same things, no matter how rich or poor they are. This will make the education system fairer and more united.

Training for Teachers : The government should hold seminars and set up institutes to train teachers to teach better. Also, programs that give money to train teachers can make education better.

More Education in Rural Areas : Extra efforts should be made to promote education in rural areas where fewer people can read and write.

More Money for Education : Every year, more money should be given to education to build more schools and make education better.

Practical and Performance-based Marking : Exams should not only be based on the syllabus; instead, there should be more practical and performance-based marking.

Use of Technology : Using digital systems to keep track of staff, students, and school buildings can help solve problems like teachers not coming to school and not having reliable information about the school.

Working with NGOs : The growing number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in Pakistan to improve education can be used for better results.

Making Pakistan’s education system better needs a complete approach that solves its many challenges. It needs not only changes in policy and buildings but also a change in culture towards valuing education and recognizing its important role in the development of the country.

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Table of Contents

Essay on Education In Pakistan in 1000 Words

English Essay on Education in Pakistan with Outlines & Facts in Easy Language For Students of All Classes Hello readers! Welcome to an insightful journey through the realm of education in Pakistan. Education is a vital tool that has the super power to transform lives, communities & even nations. In this essay on education in Pakistan we shall explore the historical evolution of the education system in Pakistan, its current state, the key challenges it faces & the initiatives and recommended educational reforms that aim to improve education in our beloved country. So, let’s start reading the main part of Education in Pakistan essay!

Table of Contents

Historical Overview of Education in Pakistan:

If we want to understand the present situation of education in Pakistan then it is essential to take a glimpse into the past. The educational system in Pakistan has evolved over time. It has also shaped by the influence of various civilizations. The early education system was primarily focused on religious education. Madrasas were playing a vital role in imparting knowledge. However, the British colonial era introduced a modern education system. This new system was emphasizing on English as the medium of instruction.

During the post-independence period, Pakistan faced numerous challenges in establishing a robust education system. Despite these hurdles, the govt made significant efforts to expand access to education & improve literacy rates. Today, Pakistan boasts a diverse education landscape that includes public and private schools, colleges, universities, vocational institutes & religious seminaries.

Current State of Education in Pakistan:

Its an admitted fact that progress has been made in educational system of Pakistan  but the current state of education in Pakistan is still a cause for concern., According to UNESCO, Pakistan has 1 of the highest out-of-school children rates globally as approximately 22.8 million children are out of school . This alarming statistic highlights the pressing need for interventions to ensure all children have access to quality education atleast at school level

Gender disparity is another significant issue plaguing the education system in Pakistan. Girls face multiple barriers like cultural norms, poverty & security concerns. These barriers hinder their access to education. This gender gap not only deprives girls of their basic right to education but also hampers the nation’s development potential.

Challenges Faced by the Education System in Pakistan:

The education system in Pakistan faces various challenges both systemic and socio-cultural in nature. Inadequate infrastructure, lack of trained teachers & scarcity of resources are major hurdles to providing quality education in Pakistan. Many public sector schools lack basic facilities like proper classrooms, electricity, clean drinking water & sanitation facilities. All these issues make it challenging for students to learn in a conducive environment.

Moreover socio-cultural factors like child labour, early marriages & societal biases against girls’ education perpetuate the cycle of illiteracy. These challenges are further exacerbated by govt policies that often fail to prioritize education or allocate sufficient funds for its development.

Initiatives & Reforms for Improving Education in Pakistan:

Despite the challenges, numerous initiatives & reforms have been undertaken to improve education in Pakistan. The govt, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) & individuals have played significant roles in addressing educational challenges.

The federal govt has launched programs like the National Education Policy, which aims to enhance access, quality & equity in education. Additionally the establishment of the PM scholarships, free laptops and fee reimbursement schemes have provided financial assistance to deserving students for enabling them to pursue higher education.

NGOs like Zindagi trust, Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan, The Citizens Foundation (TCF), Akhuwat, Fauji Foundation, Bunyad Foundation and Developments in Literacy (DIL) have also made commendable contributions by establishing schools in remote areas & offering scholarships to underprivileged students. Moreover individuals like Malala Yousafzai, a Nobel laureate and education activist have raised global awareness about the importance of education and advocating for girls’ right to education.

Impact of Education on Society and Economy:

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping society & driving economic growth. A well-educated population is more likely to participate actively in civic affairs, contribute to the workforce and make informed decisions . Education empowers individuals to break free from the cycle of poverty by fostering social progress & equality.

Moreover education equips individuals with the necessary job oriented skills & knowledge to thrive in a rapidly changing global economy. By investing in education, Pakistan can unlock its human capital potential, promoting innovation, entrepreneurship & sustainable economic development.

Future of Education in Pakistan

In my personal views the future of education in Pakistan is bright as government is spending more on primary and higher education. Girls are being encourged to join schools. Interest free student loans are being disbursed by many banks. Lot of NGOs are contributing too in this sector. Akhuwat has launched first free university in Pakistan. HEC is arranging foreign scholarships for local students. Lot of new universities have been given charter. Lot of educational websites have been launched in Pakistan to promote education and serve this noble cause like studysolutions.pk and arqumhouse.edu.pk etc. Digiskills is providing access to free IT courses in Pakistan. TEVTA is also there for technical education.

New Initiatives

Many universities have also launched their online and distance learning programs to facilitate the students from remote areas. Sindh government is giving scholarships to large number of school going girls. New Single National Curriculum (SNC) has been launched in the country. Modern education is being introduced in Madaris. 2 years BA/BSc and MA/MSc  programs have been replaced with the 4 years BS programs. Lot of new BS programs have been launched as per the needs of local and international job markets.

Importance of Technical Education (Essay For College Students)

Conclusion:

In short the education is a fundamental right & a powerful tool for social transformation and economic prosperity. However the education system in Pakistan still faces numerous challenges that hinder access, quality & equality. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including the government, NGOs and individuals to prioritize education and work collectively to address these challenges.

Let us join hands and support initiatives that aim to improve education in Pakistan. Every child of the world deserves the opportunity to learn, grow & realize their full potential. Together we can unlock the power of knowledge & pave the way for a brighter future for Pakistan. Hopefully you have enjoyed reading this essay on education In Pakistan .

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Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and perspectives

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said and I quote:

“Education is a matter of life and death for Pakistan. The world is progressing so rapidly that without requisite advance in education, not only shall we lag behind others but maybe wiped out altogether.”

The education section of the executive summary of the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021-22 notes: “Pakistan is committed to transform its education system into a high-quality global-market demand-driven system in accordance with Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .” However, the reality is vastly different.

The literacy rate in Pakistan in 2021 was only 62.8%. Any gains in literacy rates over the last many years have been small, slow and marginal.

In 2021-22, we spent only 1.77% of GDP on education-related expenditure at both the federal and provincial levels. Most UN agencies recommend that the minimum expenditure on education should be 4% of GDP. In recent years, the highest percentage of GDP we have spent on education was in 2017-18, when education expenditures were raised to 2.12%. The usual argument given for lack of spending on education has always been and still is that we do not have the resources.

In Pakistan, the current literacy rate is 62.3%. In Budget 1.7% of GDP has been allocated as Education Budget which is lowest in the region. The expenditure of Rs 74,609 billion has been allocated for Tertiary Education Affairs & Services in budget 2022-23; Rs 3,786 billion for pre-primary & primary education; Rs 8,863 billion for Secondary Education Affairs and Rs 2 billion for administration. Rs 44,174 billion has been earmarked for Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) under the Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) for the year 2022-23. (Business Recorder June 11, 2022).

According to data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2017-18, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) shows Pakistan’s slow performance being ranked 129th of the 137 countries, on the Health and Primary Education related elements of competitiveness, when compared with other countries in the region like India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. The structure of school education system in the public sector is depicted in Fig. below.

Figure Above: The structure of school education system in Pakistan (Pre-Primary to Higher Secondary)

Education system creates sense of responsibility among people and they come to know the methods to achieve their national, societal and personal rights and it also enhances their general consciousness needed to deliver their duties as citizens towards their Nation. Once the realization originates, people start working for the development and prosperity of their motherland in the atmosphere of trust and co-operation.

The polarization and non – unified education system has resulted into outraged political turmoil, deadly terrorism, incessant sectorial violence, social disruption, economic instability and degeneration of government system. Whether it is poverty, non-availability of jobs, security uncertainty, sectarianism or terrorism, lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness, illiteracy, all are off shoots of the poor, inefficient and ineffective education system. The lowest budget allocation, a realm of large number of ineffective education policies has badly failed to take country out of economic, social, political and development quagmire.

Education has fundamental role in the economic, social, political and structural development of any nation. Many of the economic issues like poverty , overpopulation, unemployment , resource mobilization, inflation, exchange rate drastic fluctuation, housing, infrastructure, and health can be reduced and handled by improving education system in Pakistan. Education can also solve social issues like Baradari system, Wadera Culture, Chaudary regime and slave mentality. The political issues like battle for power by different politicians, lawlessness, fraud, corruption, religious riots, extremism, processions to gain popularity, use of indecent remarks, no public service, no human investment to save the lives of ignorant and deprived humans. Structural Development like transition from primitive methodologies to modern strategies; Shifts from Agriculture to Industry, hand made tools to mechanization, from physical conventional education system to Online Education and adoption of highly sophisticated and up to the mark technology can only happen with the strong Education Policy and implementation of country’s education system.

Pakistan, since its inception has failed to establish an education system which can fulfill the aspirations of the general public. Being a developing country, Pakistan is facing multifaceted problems and issues in the education sector. There are many issues prevalent and practiced in Pakistan’s Education System at all levels of Education – primary, secondary – colleges or universities.

The educational institutions within the country are divided into following categories: (1) Pre-primary School (2) Primary School (3) Middle School (4) High School (5) Higher Secondary (6) Inter-colleges (7) Degree Colleges (8) Universities (9) Non-formal Basic Education (10) Education foundations (11) Technical & Vocational Institutions (12) Teacher Training Institutions (13) Deeni Madaris

Pakistan’s schooling system consists of three main school types namely public sector schools, private sector schools and Deeni Madaris. These are further divided as public and private mainly due to curriculum and examination systems used in the schools and the language of instructions used by teachers.

The Broad Categories on education level are:

School Education (Pre-primary – Class 12) College Education (Degree Colleges Class 13-14) University Education

The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 305,763 institutions accommodating 51,186,560 9 students and 2,073,433 teachers. The system is composed of 189,748 (62%) public institutions and 116,015 (38%) private institutions, which also include 31,115 Deeni Madaris. The public sector is serving 28.49 million (56%) students to complete their education while the remaining 22.70 million (44%) are enrolled in the private sector of education. About 38 percent private educational institutions are facilitating 44 percent of students showing a slightly higher per-institution enrolment ratio in the private sector compared to the public sector.

There are a total of 186 universities & degree awarding institutions catering to the needs of higher degree students in both public and private sectors of education. Out of these universities, 111 (60%) are working under umbrella of public sector, whereas 75 (40%) are working in the private sector.

The total enrolment in the universities and degree awarding institutions is 1.576 million. Out of these 1.266 million (80%) students are enrolled in public sector whereas, 0.309 million (20%) students are studying in private universities and degree awarding institutions. In the overall national scenario only four percent students have access to university education. The total male enrolment in the universities is 0.881 million (56%), whereas, the female enrolment is 0.695 million (44%) . There are 56,885 teachers imparting higher education to the students in these universities. Universities in the public sector employ 38,011 (67%) teachers while those in the private sector have 18,874 (33%) teachers.

The significant issues of Education system are lack of Budget Allocation, lack of Policy Implementation, Faulty examination System, Poor Infra Structure of Educational Institutions, Lack of Teacher’s quality, low enrolment, Wayward and Directionless Education system, High scale drop outs, Increasing Political Interference, Out dated curriculum, corruption, Poor Management and Supervision, lack of Uniformity, lack of research, lack of faculty training and Development, Cost of Education, Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Constraints, lack of Parent input, Widening gap between Educational Institutions and Community, lack of Academia Industry Linkage program and Learning Crisis etc.

Education is the nurturing and nourishing force for the construction of strong and impressive societal set up, prominent development and significant growth of the country. Education explores new dimensions and polishes the hidden talent, potential, capabilities and strengths of individuals and redirect these forces towards the rise of Pakistan as a powerful nation on the global horizon.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah envisioned Education System of Pakistan as the driving force behind all the national goals. In the first National Education Conference held at Karachi. It was decided that Education System will work according to the National aspirations of Pakistan and it will be truly related to the needs of the people of Pakistan. The father of Nation said, “The magnificent goal of Education sector will be to develop character of Pakistan, high sense of responsibility, social integrity, selfless service to the Nation and morality on the part of the people of Pakistan.

Critical analysis of the problems and issues of education system in Pakistan.

These are the most dominant issues and problems of our Education System which needs to be addressed and to find remedial solutions for these issues and put forward recommendations for the positive change in our prevalent Education System.

1- Lack of uniformity

The Education System is not Uniform and is based on differentiated Education System like Public Institutions, Private Institutions and Deeni Madaris. There has been accelerated polarization in the Education System due to divisive Pakistani Education System. This has penetrated into cultural veins of the Nation. The recent waves of Sectarianism and Terrorism are the consequences of this divisible system. Polarized Education System has further divided society on political, economic and social grounds instead of uniting people. This division is leading towards further segregation on linguistic and religious levels and cutting knee deep the ideological foundation of the Nation.

2- Education without direction

A sound Education System is essential for every nation of the world. All nations develop their people or human resources on the basis of rigorous focus on Education and Training . We have poor and direction less education system with lack of cohesion and more prone towards general education without creation of Skillful man power resulting into massive unemployment. It also results into massive political, social, economic and cultural distress among people. There is no use of science and technology in the education system. Students are unable to develop critical thinking, creativity, imagination, reasoning, experimentation, innovation and invention

3- Outdated curriculum

We are still following the old fashioned and outdated Education System of rote memorization, cramming the facts and figures without realizing the holistic development of individuals. The objective of Education should be development of psychological, philosophical and sociological foundations of Education. The present curriculum is not motivating learners for practical research and development, scientific knowledge and reflective observation.

4- Lack of professional development of teachers

There are few training institutes but have lack of funds, lack of resourceful and trained trainers and administers. There are no defined standards of training and development. The courses and trainings are outdated, traditional without exposure to modern technology, motivation, quality of teachers and enhancement of skills .

5- Lack of quality teacher

According to UNESCO report, the quality of educational institutions and teacher is low. The situation is grimmer in remote parts of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan where there is non availability of teachers. Teachers are not using new methods of teaching and learning, no lesson planning, old method of cramming, no research, no use of libraries or internet, no book reading. Students are promoted to next class on the basis of cramming and memorization of facts and figures without knowledge in depth, no conceptualization, no understanding of topics in the books without relevance in schools.

6- Alarming dropouts

Lack of management and discipline in schools leads many students to drop out from school. This trend is due to punishment in schools, poor parenting, lack of motivation, unattractive school environment, child labor & poverty are also very significant reasons of huge drop out from schools, colleges and universities. It shows that almost 30% of children enrolled in primary education. This trend has added to low literacy rate in Pakistan.

7- Examination system

Students are evaluated on the basis of annual exams, semester wise assessments. Both quantitative and qualitative exams should be introduced to judge the performance of students on comprehensive level and exams should evaluate the student’s ability through various types of reliable assessments like case studies, research papers, MCQs, Comprehensive subjective questions, Analytical questions to check the conceptual understanding of students especially in higher classes (Rehman, 2011).

In Pakistan examination system is faulty and it tests only the memory of students, there is use of unfair means, bribery, cheating, issuance of duplicate marks sheets, changes of marks, change of answer sheets, impersonation. This present examination system has promoted rote memorization and cramming. It has badly failed in producing critical thinking, analytical skills, learning, intellectual power and visionary reflection in the students at all levels of education. It does not measure the strength, achievements and performance of students (Quereshi, 1975).

Modular system of examination in Medical Universities is producing incompetent students with insufficient knowledge of Anatomy which is the backbone of medicine studies. In modular system a single paper for three subjects is given to students. Students prepare easy subjects to pass the exam and leave the difficult and important subject of Anatomy for choice. Therefore, this method has tarnished the strong foundations of learning and performing badly. Doctors produced with such type of examination with lack of proper understanding of subject will not be able to serve the humanity honestly and do the justice with their profession.

In our education system educational institutions are used as breeding grounds for political parties and in colleges and universities these groups nurture. Students get benefits by being part of any political party during exams. A list of students is provided to the teacher by the student leader to pass them in the exam, admissions are given on the party basis, exams are marked and checked on party basis because mostly teachers are also working for parties while sitting in educational institutions. During Board or University exam by giving money to the invigilator, students are allowed to cheat in the exam, Students throw question paper outside the window and one of the party rep climbs up the tree near the window with Megaphone and starts dictating answers by calling up question numbers. Honest Teachers are threatened and sometimes gunned and killed in case they are not willing to listen to the unfair demands of the students of different parties.

Some of the teachers are also involved in malpractices. They leak the paper by charging handsome amounts or solve the papers for students or allow students to solve the papers by cheating from books, material or from some good student. In board exams, before submission of sheets to the board office representative student is asked to write down correct answers. Teachers are themselves involved in such political activities and award “F” grade to students who are not in their party.

In Russia there is no exam system like ours. Students study through out the year and at the end of year teacher can ask any question from the book to pass the candidate and check his understanding & knowledge of the subject.

8- Poor supervision standards

To monitor teaching and learning, poor and harsh standards of evaluation and punishment are used which in some case leads to termination of jobs . At primary school level teacher’s evaluation is not possible. Secondary Schools/Cambridge Schools are evaluated through Board exam results/CAIE results. In college, again Board or University exam results are the criteria to judge the academic performance of Student and Teacher’s teaching. Whereas, actually there is an increase in tuitions instead of relying on School or College teaching. Students and their parents are compelled to go for tuitions due pressure of good grades and admissions in good educational institutions. There are many tuition centres, coaching centres, academies where the same teachers who were unable to impart quality education give quality tuitions by charging heavy amounts and prepare students well to score good grades. The low salaries demotivate them in their institutions to impart good education. In Universities students are given power to evaluate teaching and their grading becomes part of an Annual Evaluation Report which is essential for promotion or benefit of the faculty. This system is again polluted by involvement of computer department staff, Student coordinators and by bribing students to give bad remarks about any teacher. Some insincere and corrupt teachers mark students’ attendance and give them good marks, tell them questions of exams and do immoral activities to get good evaluation from students. Teachers who are honest and hard working are ranked low by students. Even at higher education institutions there is lobbying and politics through which false evaluation against any faculty can be prepared to get rid of the unwanted faculty by the management. So, in short, supervision system is more prone to harassment and control over the teaching staff rather than providing proper guideline and training for the improvement of teaching methodologies & strategies. (Rehman, 2011).

9- Internal and external influence

In Education sector external factors are coming outside the system through politicians and they bring changes in the system to give favor to their families, relatives, friends etc. Internal factors are bureaucratic manipulations (Mazhar, 2011).

There is great favoritism and Nepotism in cases of transfers, Appointments, Promotions, Salaries, Grades & Work Stations. Due to this the basic Infrastructure of the Education System in Pakistan has been badly affected (LOUIS, 1987).

10- Lack of resources

There are not proper Libraries with physical space for Students to Study. Books are not available, No digital libraries, no computer Facility in the library especially in public sector colleges & universities. No proper lighting, no AC, no Generators in case of power break down are available to make studies more comfortable for the desirous and ambitious students. Class rooms are over-crowded, corridors are flooded with students, Inadequate and Inefficient teachers, Laboratories without required apparatus & equipment of practical learning have resulted into a situation of despair and low standard of Education (Louis, 1987).

11- Lack of policy implementation

Frequent political turmoil and change of governments have made policy implementation in its true letter and spirit impossible. Corruption, Lack of Resources, Lack of teacher’s involvement in policies and inconsistency in successive planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Teachers are ignored while designing Education policies which has led to alienation between teachers and the system of Education (Zaki, 1989).

12- Low budgetary allocation for education

Education system in Pakistan has been crippled mainly due allocation of scarce financial resources in budget. The Education Budget which is definitely not sufficient to fulfill the growing needs of population and involvement of modern technology in the education system, low salaries, high taxation are also hindering the growth of this sector. Taxes are even imposed on the hourly payment of visiting faculty at the rate of ten percent from filers and twenty percent from non-filers which is really unjustified and reduces the meagre earning.

In many countries like Bangladesh & Sri Lanka the Education share in total budget of the country is increasing but in Pakistan it is continuously declining (Sayan, 2012).

13- Corruption

Corruption is another factor responsible for deterioration of the Education System, use of unfair means, nepotism, favors in transfer, promotion and appointments and decision making, misuse of funds, use of illegal authority by the school management, Gender based exploitation and harassment are the subsidiaries of corruption .

14- Lack of faculty training and development

Educational institutions do not spend available funds on the training and development of teachers. They are neither sent to attend the workshops, courses, seminars or conferences to groom themselves and learn the modern techniques and methodologies of teaching. Here again only few favorite teachers are selected for these trainings and most of the teachers remain deprived of any opportunity to groom their teaching skills.

15- Non- availability of public transport/ parking/traffic congestion

Most of the private schools are located in residential areas usually in bungalows to avoid taxes. Here the big issue is non-availability of public transport, parking and traffic congestion on daily basis. This makes both students and teachers tired and stressed because of wastage of lots of time of travelling to and from school to home. This unnecessary delay in timings also affects the quality of education. Mostly schools do not provide their conveyance to students, teachers and staff but ask them to avail transport of the companies with which the senior management set commission.

16- Opening up of large nuber of private schools

There is opening up of various private schools with a shift from Matric system to O & A level with Up-to-date modern technologies. They have comparatively better infrastructure, spacious class rooms, low strengths of class, more trained teachers, with proper sanitary conditions, counselors, doctors, psychologist, its teachers, sports teacher, swimming pools, etc. Creativity of students is enhanced through various activities. These facilities are missing in public schools so parents prefer to send their children to nearby private schools.

17- Politics in education

Different political parties prepare their representatives amongst students. Different teachers also involve them in this exercise as party members. These teacher in exchange of this get favors and benefits from parties by helping their students in getting admissions, provision of question papers, awarding of good grades as per list provided by the party.

18- Compulsion to purchase stationery, syllabus, uniforms and other items from school shop

School management compels parents to purchase the required stationery, syllabus, uniforms and all other required study material from their own school’s shop where the rates are too high as compared to the open market. This puts burden on the finances of the family and parents have to change the school or leave the school. The school charge fess for 3 moths and invest this amount in different profit schemes to earn interest on it.

During COVID-19 pandemic when due lock down schools were closed and even online classes were not in practice, school charged full fee from the students and parents had no option except listening to the management and doing as they demand to keep admission of their child locked and secured.

19- Entry tests, coaching and paper out

All the admissions have been linked with admission test in more or less all institutions making the credibility of different schools, boards, colleges and universities doubtful just to give benefits to the students who are non-deserving and not coming on merit with their results. Every year we hear about MCAT test, usually tests are postponed or test paper is out and re-exam is arranged and many of the students with good grades are pushed out of the admission list. The private colleges have their own test criteria and select students as per their own policies and even charge fees as per their own policies. Most of the deserving, hard working students due to the demand of heavy fees are forced to move towards some other institution. Every year PMDC is dissolved. For these entry tests students join academies, tuition centres and coaching centre and pay high charges to prepare for admission in all these high ranked Engineering and Medical institutes.

These admission tests are introduced to favor their own families, relatives, friends or workers of the political parties to strengthen their vote bank in their constituency.

These tests are fake, their results are fake, the merit lists displayed are fake. In this way many deserving students do not get chance to pursue education of their own choice.

20- Theoretical knowledge inplace of practical learning

Students are given only bookish theoretical knowledge instead of practical knowledge. Most of the students even after getting degrees do not meet the requirement of jobs and are unable to be absorbed in the working population. Students should be sent at least for one semester in organizations before their graduation so that they may become acquainted with the office environment and familiar with the working of different reputable organizations. Activities, Role plays, Case Studies, Worksheets, Research Projects, Seminars, Symposiums, Lecture Series, Events should be organized for the students with their hundred percent involvement so the students not only own the activity but get an opportunity to meet influential people from big companies of reputable brands.

21- Lack of liaison between industry and educational institutions

Mostly universities have no liaison with industries and therefore their students face problems at the time of induction. Universities should invite industrialists to teach courses especially in the last two semester of their studies so that students can learn about the ins and outs of the industrial workings and may get a chance of absorption in the industry as employees.

22- Non-participatory in nation building

Education Sector is not playing any role in Nation Building. Our Education System is producing students with mindset that only foreign countries are providing good education and to get good job it is necessary to become foreign graduates. Mostly Students lack patriotism, civic sense, loyalty and love for their homeland and people living here and treat them as inferior to the foreign world. So being Status conscious and due ostentatious effect our crème has moved abroad for higher education. On the other hand, students who get them enrolled here in Pakistan after getting degrees and job search find it best to move abroad for higher studies, job and career growth. Once they get job, they prefer to stay there on permanent basis and become citizens of that country with dual nationality status. Our best youth has settled in European Countries, USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Malaysia, South Africa and Gulf Region and rendering their best services and earning handsome salaries and maintaining luxury life styles in those countries without any fear of security, terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, sectarian riots, traffic congestions, pollution, Smog, energy Shortage etc. By being there they feel satisfied and happy. They do not send any remittances here instead they are calling up their families, relatives and friends to come and transfer their assets to those countries making Pakistan’s economy weaker with this outflow of resources. Our Doctors, Engineers, Architects, Retired Army Officers, Bankers, health workers paramedical staff, skilled labor, business graduates, pilots, Air men, Air Technicians, Aircraft Engineers, Educationists, Insurance Agents, Scientists and Researcher have moved to Western countries and are not willing to come back or serve the Nation.

23- Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratio

These ratios are very important. If there are more peoples in one class then teacher cannot give individual attention to students. Weak students are neglected and gap between strong and weak students widens. If pupil school ratio increases then infrastructure does not accommodate the increased number of students and in place of two students, three or four students are asked to sit. Other facilities like availability of labs, computers, access to canteens, sports items, playgrounds, washrooms etc. become less for the large number of people. If schools have low number of teachers hirings then work load for one teacher is overburdened and individual attention, mood, behavior, marking of copies/assignments or imparting of quality education is disturbed. The ideal class size is 30 students at most for one teacher but in our universities sometimes more than 100 students are accommodated in one class.

24- Non-availability of electricity

Load shedding and energy crisis in the country has devastatingly ruined the quality of education. In summer when the weather is hot and humid, then in the class of 68-70 students when teacher has very limited space to move, then there is suffocation, lack of oxygen, smell of sweat and loss of student’s attention in studies. This is a source of big demotivation for students and teachers and they want to leave.

25- Non-availability of drinking and washing water in toilets

In most of the schools clean drinking water is not available. Mostly the washrooms are not cleaned on regular basis so health hazards are faced by the students and teachers especially female students suffer a lot because of this. Mostly, schools’ students suffer from cholera, diarrhea, typhoid etc.

26- Non-availability of boundary wall

There are many schools in villages, towns and even cities where schools are working without boundary walls, which has become a security hazard.

27- Terrorist attacks and child killing

Terrorist attacks in schools like APS, Peshawar where a large number of students were killed. Schools are force to provide security to students. Attacks on students, teachers, on school buses, entrance of school buildings have decreased enrollment in schools.

28- Female students and female teachers’ harassment

Female students and female teachers are sexually harassed by male teachers. Many students are threatened not to speak against the culprit. In universities many male teachers award good grades to female students after their sexual assault. In jobs, females involved in such type of illicit activities and involved with the management get all kind of benefits of increments; increase in salaries, courses abroad, promotions and in some cases female faculty was awarded PhD degrees even when their research work was not up to the mark and rejected by external supervisors.

29- Parent’s input for improvement of education system at all levels

Parents should be involved at all education levels to maintain the high standards of education and learning.

30- Cost of education

The economic cost is higher in private schools and they are located in rich localities only though they provide better quality of education. Public schools ensure equitable access but low-quality education.

31- Cultural constraints and traditional taboos

Due to cultural constraints and traditional taboos parents prefer early marriages of their girls instead of sending them to schools. Similarly, mothers feel comfortable when girls stay home and help mothers in baby sitting and finishing household chores. In some of the areas only boys are sent to schools considering them as head of the future families and girls are asked to learn some family skills like embroidery, weaving, pottery or for cattle care.

32- Illiteracy of parents and parental concerns

Due to non – availability of Education and lack of awareness poor parents have number of children in the hope that they will become their earning hands and instead of sending them to school their mothers working in different houses as domestic help take them along for the baby sitting of the children of theses houses and demand money for that. They think that investing girls will be of benefit to the in laws or her husband since they will not get any return from it so its better as long as girls are staying in their homes they should earn and bring money for the family.

33- Learning crisis:

The education system is not producing students who are learning from education as per the requirement of the standard in which they are studying. Maybe a student studying in class five does have the knowledge of class two or three only. This Learning Crisis has become the biggest issue of our current education system. It means there is wide gap between school input and school output.

34- Distance:

There are many schools which are far from some of villages and there are no means of transportation and children have to walk on foot to reach schools miles away from their homes which is not possible for girl students to do as parents do not want to send their girls unattended and do not accompany them since they have to work to meet both ends.

Recommendations:

• Budget allocation should be increased as per international standards of education.
• Schools should be shifted on solar system to handle the issue of load shedding.
• Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratios should be balanced and class strength, teacher’s number and number of classrooms should be in accordance to the international education standards.
• Boundary walls should be made. Security staff should be hired, CCTV cameras should be installed, student teacher and staff should be issued identity cards.
• For teacher training and development quality professional institutes with sufficient funds should be set up.
• Political and bureaucratic influence should be minimized at all educational levels.
• The system of accountability should be strengthened and all associated in education system are trained to own responsibilities both at individual and collective basis.
• Curriculum should be revised on annual basis and new strategies and methods should be incorporated to align our education system with other countries.
• Examination system should be made free of unfair means, Mafia culture and illegal gratification. Supervision and monitoring should be strong to subside this element.
• Policies should be implemented with delay and in continuity to get their outcomes.
• The culture of research should be promoted in the educational institutions.
• There should be Academia industrial linkage programs to make our education practical and our students capable of absorption in the job market.
• Introduction of technical and vocational trainings at secondary schools.
• Increasing public expenditure on education and skill generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% of GDP and then to 7% of GDP.
• Reduce polarization and try to introduce uniform standards at all types of schools.
• Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.

Conclusion:

Sense education is developing not only mind but it also cleans and grooms our body and soul. We not only get education for economic reason but to handle social, political, psychological, ethical, legal and spiritual issues of our life. Education turns a raw human into a polished human being which becomes human capital of any nation and key to the development of that country. With education many countries are ruling the world and have become leaders in the comity of nations. The current system has made our younger generation direction directionless and uncertain about their future so they are leaving Pakistan and settling down in developed countries. The lawlessness, fear of loss of life, terrorist attacks, unemployment, inflation, exchange rate fluctuation, overpopulation, poverty, taxes and IMF loans are producing forces of degree holders without any vision, mission, critical thinking, reflection, analysis, research and creativity. Our outdated curriculum is pushing our youth towards stone age instead of directing them towards the fast-changing technology driven world. Traditional teaching is giving theoretical knowledge to students but practical learning is missing.

Finally, education reforms are the only solution to change the existing education system so following recommendations are suggested for the policy makers, thinkers, researchers, educationists and common people. Hope it will add value in the research and development of both student and teachers.

References:

• http://library.aepam.edu.pk/Books/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%202017-18.pdf
• https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570671.pdf
• https://contentgenerate.com/problems-of-education-sector-solutions-pakistan-content-generate/
• https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/PES10-EDUCATION.pdf
• https://ipripak.org/education-system-of-pakistan-issues-problems-and-solutions/
• https://www.morenews.pk/real-issues-education-system-pakistan/
• Zaki W. M., “Evaluation of Education Plans and Projects”, Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 1989.
• Save the Children & UNICEF “Disciplining The Child Practices and Impacts”, NWFP: School & Lietarcy Department, 2005.
• Rehman H. and Khan N., “The flaws in Pakistan’s Education System”, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, vol/issue: 4(1), 2011.
• Louis D. H., “The crises of Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Vanguard Book Ltd., 1987.
• Iqbal M., “Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Aziz publishers, 1981.
• Qurashi I. H., “Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Ma,aref LTD, 1975.
• Sayan, Fida, and Hussain, “Pakistan existing education system”, 2008. Retrieved from Retrieved from www.eric.articles/pak/edu on dated 2012, July 18.
• Naseem J. Q., “Problem of Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Royal Book Company, 1990.
• Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education. “National Assessment Findings”, Islamabad, National Education System, 2006.
• Ahmed, Iqbal.,” Critical Analysis of the Problems of Education in Pakistan: Possible Solutions”, . International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.3, No.2, June 2014, pp. 79~84 ISSN: 2252-8822.

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Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan’s Education System: An In-Depth Analysis”

Table of Contents

Introduction:

The education system plays a key role in shaping the future of a nation. In the case of Pakistan, the education system is an important component that influences the country’s socio-economic development. education system in pakistan essay This article highlights the challenges and opportunities within Pakistan’s education system, examines the current situation, and suggests possible solutions.

Historical Context:

To understand the complexities of the Education system in Pakistan, it is important to consider its historical context. Various reforms have been implemented over the years to improve the quality of education. However, persistent challenges continue to hinder progress.

Challenges:

Access to education:.

One of the primary challenges facing the education system in Pakistan is limited access to quality education, especially in rural areas. Factors such as poverty, gender disparity, and inadequate infrastructure contribute to this problem.education system in pakistan essay

Quality of Education:

Despite efforts to improve access, the quality of education remains a concern. Outdated curriculum, lack of trained teachers, and inadequate resources hinder students’ development of critical thinking skills and practical knowledge.

Curriculum Challenges:

The curriculum in Pakistan is criticized for being rote and outdated. It needs to be reformed to align with contemporary requirements and global standards. education system in pakistan essay

Teacher Training:

Inadequate training for teachers and a lack of qualified teachers hinders the delivery of quality education.

Gender Differences:

Gender inequality is prevalent in the education system, with girls facing barriers to education, including cultural norms, early marriage, and limited facilities for female students. Bridging this gap is very important for the overall development of the nation.

Cultural and social norms:

Deep-rooted cultural norms often favour male education, leading to gender-based discrimination in access to schooling.

Early marriage:

Early marriage, especially in rural areas, increases the dropout rate among girls.

Infrastructure and Resources:

Inadequate infrastructure, funds, and lack of modern teaching resources hamper the education system’s effectiveness. Many schools need more basic facilities like electricity, clean water, and proper sanitation.

Opportunities:

Education Reforms:

Implementation of comprehensive education reforms is essential to address the current challenges. Revising curricula to global standards, improving teacher training programs, and updating education policies can pave the way for positive change.

Technology Integration:

Adopting technology in education can enhance learning experiences. Initiatives such as e-learning platforms, digital libraries, and online resources can help overcome geographic barriers and provide quality education to a wider audience.

Community involvement Education System in Pakistan Essay:

Involving communities in the educational process can lead to better outcomes. Encouraging parent involvement, establishing community schools, and fostering partnerships between schools and local organizations can create a supportive learning environment.

Focus on Vocational Education:

Promoting vocational Education can bridge the gap between education and employment. By equipping students with practical skills, the Education system can better prepare them for the demands of the job market.

Conclusion:

The education system in Pakistan faces multifaceted challenges, but it also has enormous potential for positive change. Addressing issues related to access, quality, gender disparity, and infrastructure requires a concerted effort involving government initiatives, community participation, and innovative educational practices. By taking advantage of the opportunities for reform and technology, Pakistan can build a strong education system that empowers its citizens and contributes to the country’s overall development.

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Education system in Pakistan – Exploratory Essay

Introduction

In my essay, I intend to explore the education system in Pakistan. In Pakistan, education is overseen by the Ministry of Education, which works for the government and provincial governments. The federal government assists with accreditation, financing of development and research, and assists with the creation of nationwide curriculums. Here are the other things I discovered about the Pakistani education system.

Children between the ages of five to sixteen are obligated to have free education thanks to article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan. The manner to which they are entitled to free education is determined by the law.

Literacy rates vary wildly from area to area. In Islamabad, the literacy level of inhabitants is at its highest at 96%, and in the Kohlu District it is its lowest at 28%. The age range of people has a massive effect on their literacy rate. People between the ages of 55 to 64 have a literacy rate of 38%. People between the ages of 45 and 54 have a literacy rate of 46%. People between the ages of 25 and 34 have a literacy rate of 57%, and people between the ages of 15 and 24 have literacy rate of 72%. These are only averages based on age, but it is a clear indication that the education system in Pakistan has been slowly improving over the years, as the literacy rate seems to go up at ages go down.

Literacy rates are the lowest within female populations, with many women not being literate at all. There are tribal areas in Pakistan where the literacy rate for women is as low as 9.5%.

There are five levels within the Pakistani education system. This means that like the US education system it has grades, and in this case, the grades work in levels. Level one starts at primary and that is for grades one to five. The middle level goes through grades six to eight. The third level goes from grades nine to ten. At this point, the student may be able to achieve his or her Secondary School Certificate (SSC). The fourth level goes from grade eleven to twelve, through which a student may receive his or her HSC, which is the Higher Secondary Certificate. The fifth level includes attendance at a University, in which a student may earn an undergraduate and graduate degree.

The English language is the fastest spreading language in Pakistan, with over 11% of the population speaking it, which is 18 million Pakistani people. Though it is only 11% of the population, it does mean that Pakistan is the third largest nation of English speakers in the world, with it being the second largest nation of English speakers in Asia. Conclusion

The state of Pakistani education could still be a lot better, but they do produce around 10,000 computer science graduates and 445,000 university graduates per year. They also have a reasonably high literacy rate when compared with other countries, and is true even though their out-of-school population currently stands at 5.1 children, which is the second largest out-of-school population in the world–beaten only by Nigeria.

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Essay on Education System of Pakistan: Issues, Problems and Solutions

• December 13, 2022

Education is deliberated as the generous guard of a nation. But the poor situation of education in this country abides a liberal demonstration of the fact that it is powerless to protect its own sector. Though sixty two years have passed and twenty three policies and deed plans have been presented however the educational sector is hanging on for the advent of a savior. The government of Pervaiz Musharraf capitalized profoundly in the education sector and that period saw an evident constructive educational change in the Pakistani society. Now days, the economic state in Pakistan is under pressure and education is the worse effected subdivision in this country. There is also another issue raising right now is energy crisis in pakistan.

Following are the difficulties in the education of Pakistan.

Education System is founded on Unsatisfactory Lines

The educational system of Pakistan is founded on unequal lines. Medium of education is dissimilar in both, private and public sector. This generates a sort of inequality amongst people, dividing them into 2 sections.

Regional Disparity: Regional disparity is also a key cause. The schools in Baluchistan are not very groomed as compared to those of Punjab (The Largest Province by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is terrible instituting 29.5 percent in males and 3 percent in females.

Ratio of Gender Discrimination: The proportion of gender discrimination is a reason which is jutting the primary school proportion of boys & girls which is 10:4 correspondingly. For the past few years there has been an upsurge in the development of private schools. That not only troubles the quality of education but makes a gap amongst the haves and has not.

Lack of Technical Education The deficiency of technical education is the main error in the educational policy that has never been concentrated on before. Consequently, less technical people mean less.

Funds The distribution of funds for education is very stumpy. It is only 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the entire GDP. It ought to be around 7 percent of the entire GDP.

Untrained Teachers The teachers in government schools are not satisfactory trained. These are the people who do not get jobs in any other sector; they try to get a break in the educational system. They are not workwise trained teachers so they are unable to guide a nation.

Poverty Poverty is also an additional feature that limits the parents to direct their children to private or public schools. So, they opt to send their children to madrassas where education is completely free.

Approximating the value of education, the Government should take rock-hard measures on this subject. Application instead of jutting policies should be fixated on. Distribution of funds should be made tranquil from provinces to districts and then to educational organizations. Workshops must be organized for teachers. Overseas states are using the LSS system. This should be inaugurated in Pakistani schools to progress the concealed potentials of children. Technical education must be provided to all of the classes. The education board of Punjab has predicted a proposal to provide tech- education to the kids of industrial workers.

Welcome to the official author account of words.pk! I am a passionate writer and researcher who loves exploring the rich and diverse culture of Pakistan. Through my writing, I aim to showcase the beauty and complexity of this vibrant nation, from its history and traditions to its art, music, cuisine, and more. With years of experience in blogging, and content creation, I have honed my skills in storytelling and crafting compelling narratives that captivate readers

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Essay on education system in pakistan with outline | essay on education system of pakistan.

falling standard of education causes and remedies essay, essay on education , article on falling standard of education, write an article on education

The standard of education is declining bustling Pakistan day by day. Our educational institutions are producing not men of letters but men of money. They are not learned people with independent thinking and a wider and serious outlook on life. Their purpose in getting an education is not to prepare themselves for life. They want only a job that may give them money to buy luxuries of life and power to harm others. So they seek shortcuts to pass their examinations so that they may achieve their goal as soon as possible and with as little labor as they can. Unfortunately, our examination system is so outdated and misplanned that it helps them achieve this aim.

Great progress has been made in every field of study. But the method of testing a person's knowledge is still old. People have now started crying against the present examination system. They argue that it is only a good means of testing a student's memory But it can tell us nothing about his real ability.

Examinations cause to worry because so much depends on them. They are all the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided on one fateful day. It does not matter that you were not feeling well or that your mother died. If you fail in the examination, you will be considered as dull as a donkey.

The aim and object of education should be to train us to think for ourselves. The examination system does anything but has to follow and learn only what is clearly defined by a syllabus. Thus examinations encourage memorization. We mug up some important questions that may occur in the examination paper and then vomit them out in the examination. Thus examinations do not motivate a student to read widely.

Then teachers themselves are judged by examination results. So they are compelled to train their students in examination techniques . It is often seen that the most successful students are those who are best trained in examination techniques and not those who are best educated.

The series of misfortunes through which a student has to pass during his academic life does not end here. They are judged by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. they get tired, hungry, and angry while evaluating answer books. Yet they have to mark piles of hastily written scripts in a limited amount of time. Everybody knows that their word carries weight. You cannot protest against the injustice done to you by the examiner.

Examinations have become a profitable business for the institutions that run them. They collect huge fees from the students each year and then spend them lavishly on the maintenance of their offices and cars. This system requires a drastic change. Syllabi should be revised. They should be in harmony with the mental level of the students and the requirements of the country.

Teachers should be imparted proper training before they are assigned the noble job of teaching. In the examination, a student's insight, receptive and reflective power, and ability to express himself in a lucid and clear manner should be checked. Only then can we produce another Jinnah, Iqbal, or Salam.

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Education System Of Pakistan Essay 【1st Position】

The Mukabbir Schools had organized an essay competition titled, “Education System of Pakistan.” This was done to understand the view of students regarding education in Pakistan.

Although many students wrote outstanding essays we are going to list the essay that was in simple words. This essay was also most relative to the topic and stood out the most among others.

Importance of education for a nation:

“ The main hope of a nation lies In the proper education of its youth”- Erasmus.

For any country, the literacy rate determines its success.

The more educated the people are, the more the country will progress.

Thus, a country needs to have an advanced education system that provides quality education to its students and focuses on their well-being. It is important because children are the future of a country.

Education system of Pakistan:

Unfortunately for us, the education system of Pakistan is not very good. In fact, since its independence, Pakistan has been facing critical problems regarding the education system and is not paying much attention to it.

If Pakistan wants to progress, then it must pay attention to its educational system. Japan is a prime example of gaining progress through education.

Japan has always been very strict regarding its educational system and keeps the students a top priority.

This strategy has gained them a lot of progress and today Japan is one of the world’s most developed countries in the economic field.

Although we are also seeing some increase in the current literacy rate of Pakistan (almost 60%), the changes are way too low.

Keeping in mind the current economic situation of Pakistan, the education system of Pakistan has been affected the most.

Problems in the education system of Pakistan:

Insufficient attention to primary classes:.

One of the main problems is that the faculties of these institutions are not implementing the education policies set by the government.

Many of the schools don’t pay much attention to the primary level, not knowing that it makes the base of the student.

The burden of studies for higher classes:

So much stress is put into higher education. The institutions are more focused on getting their profit.

For this purpose, they are feeding countless information in their brains which the students are forced to swallow.

They only teach them to get good grades in the papers. As a result, students are also focused on getting good grades rather than attaining knowledge.

Expensive institutions:

Especially, private institutions have become so greedy for money. For colleges and universities, the fees can go up to more than lacs per semester.

For the government institutions, the merit for fields like medicine is increasing day by day. Thus, our educational system is also too focused on grades rather than skills and willingness to learn.

Pakistan is not an economically strong country. Most of the people cannot afford these expensive feeses. Thus, it is high time the government of Pakistan does something about it.

Barrier-building institutions:

Instead of uniting the nation, the education system of Pakistan is only building barriers due to different categories of education.

Cambridge schools only teach international syllabus and are highly expensive. Then we see the English medium schools that teach Pakistani syllabus but in English. These schools are also very expensive.

Then comes the Madarassah which gives religious teachings but does not focus on other educational aspects. And lastly, we have our government institutions that teach the syllabus in Urdu.

The government system should be at the top to encourage the study in Urdu to maintain the identity of Pakistan. These different categories are creating barriers making the government students seem less educated.

Ways to improve the educational system of Pakistan:

If the government starts to focus on its education system, almost all problems of Pakistan can be solved. We should not play with the future of the children.

We should set aside all of the politics and focus on the education system for the success of our country. There are several ways we can do so:

Same curriculum:

There should be only one curriculum followed by every institution, no matter private or government.

This will help to keep every child equal and hence they will be able to avail themselves of equal opportunities in the future.

The government should keep a close eye on the institutions to check whether the same curriculum is being taught.

Up to date syllabus:

The curriculum should be advanced at least yearly. We should keep the syllabus up to date according to the advancements especially in the fields of science.

Skillful teachers:

Teachers should be hired based on their skills to make the syllabus easy. They should have a simple manner of teaching.

Many teachers are highly qualified but their explanatory skills are very weak. Also, more teachers should be hired so that they are not burdened.

Currently, a teacher had to teach 30-40 students in a class which can be quite stressful. This number should be decreased to at least half so that teachers can teach easily.

Focus on primary level:

Attention should be given to the primary level. They form the foundation of a student.

Thus basic teachings should be given to the students that will help to groom their personalities and increase their confidence.

Lower the fees:

The fees of all the institutions (private and government) should be lessened to lighten the burden of parents.

Primary education should be made free of cost. Scholarships should be given to bright students or to the ones who cannot afford the fees.

Education without any discrimination:

Some are not given admission due to their race or religion.

Thus, it is important to take steps. We should go to such areas and teach them about the importance of education.

According to Nelson Mandela,

” Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

Other than these amazing competitions, Mukabbir Schools also hosts sports activities in schools that are essential for a student’s growth. 

Conclusion:

Education is the backbone of a country but unfortunately, our country fails to understand it.

However, it is our duty as citizens of Pakistan that if we want to see our country successful, we should raise our voices for the future of our children.

If we work together along with the government, then one day our country will certainly be among the most developed countries.

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Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards

• Kalsoom Begum
• December 15, 2023
• CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays

CSS and PMS Solved Essays | Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards

Kalsoom Begum, a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS essay “ Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards ” on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1-Introduction 

2-Debunking the term education 

3-Significance of education for a nation’s progress

4-Current situation of Pakistan’s education system

5-What issues are facing Pakistan’s education system? 

• Case in Point : Even after the adoption of more than 25 policies, still the education system is failing to raise the nation socially and economically
• Case in Point:  Clear difference between the attitudes of students coming out from the public educational institutions, deeni madaris and the few private elite institutions
• Case in Point : According to the International Crisis Group, Pakistan is amongst the 12 countries in the world that spent less than 2 per cent of their GDP on the education sector
• Case in Point : According to a UNESCO report, there are no proper training standards in the available training institutes in the remote areas of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
• Case in Point : According to the International Association of Universities, Pakistan is the world’s 20th-largest country in terms of the number of universities. Nonetheless, the country contributes only 0.49 per cent to the world’s research documents.
• Case in Point : According to the Planning Commission of Pakistan, less than six per cent of the youth population acquires technical skills, and only two per cent implemented
• Case in Point : Kalimullah, head of the sociology department at Peshawar University, depicts the education system as a source of ongoing deep polarization in the country

6- Recommendations to overcome educational challenges 

• ✓ To allocate a sufficient budget for education, the education system of Pakistan takes a fresh breath with resources  
• ✓ To strengthen accountability so that everyone owns their responsibilities
• ✓ To own their responsibilities, accountability must be strengthened
• ✓ To introduce an updated and relevant curriculum catering to the modern world’s psyche and needs.
• ✓ To work smoothly without any discrimination, there must be less political interference in the education sector
• ✓ To provide solid political will on policy implementation and less interference of politics in the education sector

7- Conclusion 

Education, the kindling of the flame, is the permanent character of human history from darkness to light and the evolution of thoughts from ashes to the phoenix. It has remained the most powerful tool for securing growth and progress in the socio-economic and political realm. Thus, education lays the foundation for a country’s political, social, and economic development. However, being a developing country, Pakistan has been facing critical issues in education since its inception; therefore, the education system has failed to deliver according to the nation’s aspirations. This is because there is a shortage of techno-vocational institutions, policy implementation, uniformity, budget, training and research institutions, and moral development in the country’s institutions. As a result, the state has failed to develop innovative mindsets to contribute to the socio-economic and political upliftment of the country. Although multiple education policies have been designed to improve Pakistan’s education system, none have ever been implemented successfully. Therefore, it is high time for the government to look into the matter meticulously to help the coming generation have a better education system and progress. This essay discusses the issues of Pakistan’s education system and suggests ways forward for overcoming these issues.

      Debunking the term, education is a process that begins at birth and continues until the end of life. The primary focus and function of education is to prepare children for their roles as workers and members of a larger society and identify the purpose of education, shaping of the social being. Generally, there are two main types of education: formal education, which takes place in proper education and training institutions, and non-formal education, which does not occur in formally structured schools. The differences between traditional and non-formal education can be seen in terms of the purpose, timing, content, delivery system and level of control.

      In a broader context, it plays a significant role in people’s physical, mental, psychological and social growth and is the pillar of national progress. Countries with constructive education systems are considered the world’s socio-economic leaders.  The founders of Pakistan realized early that the future of this nation depended on a productive pursuit of knowledge through education. In his message to the first Education Conference in November 1947, the Quaid-e-Azam said: “If we are to make real, speedy and substantial progress, we must bring our educational policy and program on the lines suited to the genius of our people, consonant with our history and culture and having regard to the modern conditions and vast developments that have taken place all over the world. The future of our State will and must accordingly depend upon the education we give our children and how we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistan. Through sound education, we should try to instill in them a high sense of honour, integrity, responsibility and selfless service to the nation. There is an immediate and urgent need to give scientific and technical education to our people to build up our future economic life and to see that our people take to science, commerce, trade, and particularly well-planned industries. We should not forget that we must compete with the world, which is moving quickly in this direction.”  Every nation crops its generations according to its society and provides teachings to play a significant role in developing its country. Thus, education has played an essential role in the development of Norway , as their highest literacy rate leads them to be amongst the most prosperous nations.  

       Since its inception, Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promoting education and literacy in the country through education policies at the domestic level and getting involved in international commitment, for instance, ‘Education for All’, Vision 2030, and Millennium Development Goals. A review suggests that progress has been observed in the education system. But still, there is a dire need for research and training institutions, policy implementation, trained and professional teachers, uniformity and direction, and updated and relevant syllabi, delineating the current outlook of the country’s education system.

      Talking about the issues that Pakistan’s education system facing today, the first is several education policies have been created, but none have been implemented in an authentic and genuine spirit. It is because there has been a lack of political will on the part of successive governments to enforce the policies vigorously due to the problems of corruption, lack of funds and gross inconsistency in straight planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Moreover, in the overall policy formulation, teachers have been ignored. They are regarded as unimportant elements, which has led to alienation between the teachers and the education system.

     Moreover, different systems of education are simultaneously working in the country. The curriculum is also not uniform, giving birth to other schools of thought . For example, there is a difference between students’ attitudes toward public educational institutions, deeni madaris, and the few private elite institutions.  This trend has accelerated the pace of polarization in society, created a massive gap in the nation, and even deeply penetrated its cultural veins. The recent wave of terrorism and the increasing sectarian division are the logical consequences of this divided system of education. As a result, in the current polarized system of education, there has occurred a tremendous social division in society on political, social, and economic grounds rather than unity among the people, which is cutting knee deep the ideological and social foundation of the nation leading towards further divisions on linguistic and regional grounds, which has potentially damage the social cohesion and fabric of the society.

      Besides, finance is considered the engine of a system. The education system of Pakistan has been crippled mainly due to the scarcity of finance.  The successive governments have been giving less than 2.5 per cent of their budget to the education sector, which is not sufficient for the growing educational needs of the nation in the present changing times.   Academic budgetary allocation has increased in many developing regional countries, such as Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.   But in Pakistan, it is declining day by day.   According to the International Crisis Group, Pakistan is among the 12 countries that spend less than 2% of their GDP on education.  With this insufficient budgetary allocation, the country has hardly meet the targets of universalizing primary education as a signatory to the SDG goals by 2015 and onward.

      In addition to this, training is essential for quality performance of teachers, as teaching is a challenging job. And there is a lack of training opportunities for teachers in Pakistan. However, there are various teacher training institutes in the country. These institutes are either not well-resourced or are poorly run due to a lack of funds and trained human resources, such as trainers and administrators.  According to the UNESCO report, “There are no proper training standards in the available training institutes in the remote areas of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.”  Most training institutes have been closed down due to lack of funds. The courses being run in the teacher education intuitions are outdated and very traditional, which does not enhance teachers’ skills, motivation, and quality.

      Adding more to it, quality research in Pakistan’s education system is still a distant dream.  According to the International Association of Universities, “Pakistan is the world’s 20th-largest country in the number of universities.   Nonetheless, the country contributes only 0.49 per cent to the world’s research documents.”  As a result, even the highly qualified youth could do nothing to resolve the prevailing socio-economic problems of the country.

Furthermore, technical education is considered the most practical form, potentially developing countries’ social and economic aspects by producing trained labour. Contrarily, Pakistan’s education system is unable to have skilled labour . According to the Planning Commission of Pakistan, “Less than six per cent of the youth population acquires technical skills, and only two per cent implement them.”  This indicated that Pakistan’s techno-vocational institutes lack efficiency and productivity. Thus compromising the country’s employment and economic output.

       Lastly, the education system’s negligence in children’s moral development promotes intolerance and polarization among the young masses. So, it impacts their thoughts and actions. Kalimullah, the head of the Sociology Department at Peshawar University, depicts, “The education system as a source of ongoing deep polarization in the country. As a result, they failed to serve the country for good.” Thus, neglected morality in the education sector buries the talent of the land of the pure even before the bloom.

      Nonetheless, there is always a light at the end of the tunnel. Pakistan’s youth can be turned into diamonds of talent and virtuosity if educated how they deserve to be. For this purpose, the following steps must be taken. First, there should be sufficient educational budgetary allocation in the national GDP. This will provide the system with resources to take fresh breaths of life. Thus, if the country’s fiscal allocation exceeds the low percentage to the optimum demanded one, its education system will eventually boom at large like all other developing countries: Sri Lanka and Finland.

      Second, the accountability system must be strengthened, and all the professionals associated with the education system should be educated to take responsibility individually and collectively. This helps create a sense of ownership of the system and its functions. To accomplish this, free and fair accountability benches must be allocated in all institutions to ensure their transparency, especially the country’s education sector’s officials. In this way, the government will overcome the predicament of the poor education system.

      Third, the government should introduce a uniform curriculum to provide equal opportunities for rural students to compete with urban students in the job market. The curriculum should be evaluated on an annual basis. In this regard, a vast survey could be conducted to seek the opinions of teachers, parents and the community regarding their expectations and observations. In this light, the expert recommendations of the education researchers are that the curriculum goals should be redefined, and such curriculum should be prepared, which caters to the psyche and needs of the society and the country without any discrimination of cast, colour and creed.

      Fourth, the education sector should have as little political interference as possible. This will allow the system to function smoothly and without any discrimination. Frequent political intervention creates gaps and trust deficits on the part of public and government agencies; solid political will on the part of government is required in policy implementation in the education sector. Thus, policies should be implemented without any delay in time and resources.

      Last but not least, there is a need to implement national education policy and Vision 2030 education goals. An analysis of education policy suggests that at the policy level, there are several admirable ideas, but practically, there are some shortcomings. Also, policies should be implemented without any delay of time and resources. There should be a strong political will on the part of the government to implement policies without any delay. Poor policy implementation has created gaps and trust deficits for the public and government agencies.

      To conclude, a nation’s efficiency depends on its education system; only a viable education system can enable it to achieve its national goals. Unfortunately, Pakistan, as a developing country, has faced critical problems in education: unequipped teachers, lack of political will, irrelevant and outdated curricula, and a non-uniform education trajectory since its inception. Therefore, the education system has failed to play its part in achieving human resources. The raw potential of the country’s youth can be polished through pragmatic education policies and raising education indicators to help strengthen the country’s position in global and International politics.

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Education System in Pakistan پاکستان کا نظام تعلیم

What does the constitution of Pakistan say about education?

• What are the flaws in the education system in Pakistan?
• How do corruption and political instability affect education?
• What is the ranking of Pakistan in terms of the out of school population?

Constitutionally, free and compulsory education is the fundamental right of all Pakistanis. It is the responsibility of the state to educate the children of the ages of 5 to 16 year. The article 25-A of the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan reads:

“The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.”

The present education system is replete with flaws and loopholes. For the fulfilment of its responsibility of educating the public, the government needs a strong and effective education system which can deliver the desired results.

The Education System in Pakistan:

Currently, a six-tier education system in running in Pakistan which consists of the following levels:

• Pre-school – children aged 3 to 5 years
• Primary Education – grades/classes 1 through 5
• Middle/Elementary Education – grades/classes 6 through 8
• High/Secondary Education – grades/classes 9 and 10 (leading to Secondary School Certificate or SSC)
• Intermediate/Higher Secondary Education – grades/classes 11 and 12 (leading to Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC)
• University Education – undergraduate, graduate, master and doctorate degrees.

Both the federal and the provincial governments are entitled to run and oversee the literacy programs in the country. The educations running under the central and provincial governments are scattered across the country.

Education System in Pakistan Issues and Problems:

Despite the introduction and implementation of around two dozen policies and plans, the education system in Pakistan is facing numerous issues and problems of grave nature. The literacy rate is still below 60% (2016) which puts a question mark on the effectiveness of the learning infrastructure in the country.

Some of the major education system in Pakistan issues and problems are listed below:

Low Budget Allocation:

Pakistan is one of the countries in the world with lowest budgetary allocation for education. She spends only 2% of its national GDP on education. Consequently, millions of children are out of school in the country, i.e. they are deprived of their fundamental (constitutional) right to free and compulsory education. So, the budgetary allocation for education should be increased from 2 to 7 percent.

Corruption:

While the budget for education is already insufficient, the corrupt elements in the management structure further aggravate the situation by filling their pockets through illegitimate means. So, corruption can be regarded as one of the major factors contributing to the failure of educational policies in Pakistan.

Read More: What is Corruption in Urdu and English

Political Instability:

The unstable political environment also affects the efficiency of education system in Pakistan. Political agitations pose hindrance to the implementation of government policies for improving the standard and quality of learning.

Terrorism and Insecurity:

In the recent past, the country has witnessed a wave of inhuman terrorist attacks on the educational institutions. For example, in the years from 2009 to 2013, as many as 642 attacks were launched by the enemies of education and of humanity. So, the parents feel reluctant to send their children to school. On the other hand, the school going children have to study in an insecure and fearful environment which affects the quality of education.

Untrained Teachers:

As less educated and untrained teachers are employed in the schools, they are unable to impart a good quality education to the students.

Lack of Check and Balance:

The lack of proper check and balance promotes negligent behavior on the part of the administrators, educationists and the educators. If the individuals shirking from their responsibilities are brought to book, the education system in Pakistan can significantly be improved.

Poor Infrastructure:

The poor infrastructure, poorly equipped classrooms and debilitating learning environment make major contribution to the inability and failure of education system in Pakistan to deliver the desired results.

Though the government has launched educational reforms to make the education totally free for the children from poor backgrounds, poverty is still a big hindrance on the way to education. The poor parents prefer making their children economic supporters of the family rather than sending them to schools.

Other education in Pakistan issues and problems include unequal standards of education in the public and private section institutions, lack of technical education, regional disparity, unequal educational opportunities for male and female students, and so on.

Facts about Education System in Pakistan:

• Did you know Pakistan has been ranked as one of the top English speaking nations in the world?
• Around 50% Pakistanis have command over the English language.
• While literacy rate in the Federal Capital, Islamabad, is 87%, only around 9.5% of tribal area females are literate.
• According to a survey conducted in 2016, the literacy rate in Pakistan is 58%.
• The Pakistani universities produce about 445,000 graduates every year.
• Did you known Pakistan has been listed among the countries with the lowest literacy rate?
• The country has the second largest out of the school population (of children) after Nigeria.
• Only 1 in 3 women in Pakistan can read and write.
• According to the findings of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2004-5, only 7 percent of girls in the rural areas of Baluchistan are literate.
• The UN World Population Revision 2004 suggests Pakistan will become the 4th largest country by population by 2050.
• As many as 642 terrorist attacks were launched on educational institutions in Pakistan from 2009 to 2013.
• Spending just 2% of her national GDP on education, Pakistan is listed among the countries with the lowest educational budgets. (2004)

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Education System of Pakistan Essay

Welcome to my blog “ Education System of Pakistan Essay “! I know you have a keen interest in learning about the education system of Pakistan, that’s why you are here. And, I’m here to introduce you to Pakistan’s education system including its qualities and drawbacks owing to your searches.

The education system influences a state’s success and development greatly. The illiteracy rate and education level in any given nation determine that nation’s progress. As a result, it is a top national priority. Among the oldest educational systems is that of Pakistan. They take pride in having one of Asia’s most comprehensive and successful courses because of its update. However, the student system has several issues that should be addressed. Unfortunately, where I live, Pakistan is a developing nation in terms of literacy.

Even many developing nations have better rates of literacy than Pakistan. Our educational system is to blame for everything because of its lacking. Pakistan has an approximate average literacy rate of 58% .

To know more about age-wise literacy rate Click here .

Are there any Governing Rules and are they being Implemented Currently?

Although the rules governing education are excellent, the way the government implements them runs into trouble frequently. In the current environment, higher education needs to receive greater focus than basic education. Primary schools in small areas are not improving. These are modest schools with few amenities. We are all aware that the foundation for higher education is basic education.

Primary education serves as the cornerstone and a pillar in every area of life. Depending on how important it is, the government must encourage this.

Disciplines and their Merits

There are several private and public universities and colleges if we look at the educational system. These fall under a variety of disciplines. Disciplines range from colleges of engineering and technology, business, information technology, medical science, and agriculture. There are many other sectors also to include.

Private institutions of higher learning are exceedingly pricey, because of their high budget. It is too expensive for even middle-class individuals. Their semesterly fees typically begin at around 50,000 rupees. So, there are people who cannot afford private universities and go to government institutes.

Hundreds of students apply to government universities every year, but only a few hundred seats are open. Every year, their merit hits the sky.

Fundamental Types of Education System in Pakistan

At the most fundamental level, Pakistan has four types of education.

1. Cambridge School System

The Cambridge school system is the first category. This method teaches foreign curriculum. The cost of these schools prevents middle-class families from attending. This is intended for high-class and exceptional individuals. Middle-class and affluent individuals are becoming segregated by Cambridge schools.

2. English-medium Schools

English-medium education is the second type of education. All of these schools are private. English is used in these institutions to teach the Pakistani curriculum. Additionally, they are pricey and some cannot afford them.

3. Madrassa School System

The Madrassa school system is the third category. Madrassas are unique in that they are free. However, we require education, which is not fairly being supplied there, to grasp Islam and the Quran.

4. Government School System

The government school system, which is the final and fourth category, teaches the Pakistani curriculum in Urdu. This is the foundation of our educational system. This system is causing divisions among the educated portion of our country, which is a major roadblock to Pakistan’s and the education system’s advancement.

Factors affecting Quality Education in Pakistan

Numerous factors exacerbate the education system of Pakistan. These are inadequate access to high-quality education, corruption, target killing, poverty, and lack of interest in education. Other major factors are insufficient government funding, and a lack of educational institutions, which impact Pakistan’s educational system.

The state is in charge of addressing issues and ensuring that everyone has access to education. Pakistan’s literacy rate is lower than that of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka , all of which are impoverished, developing nations. Our educational system is much to blame for this.

A nation requires effective education policies and practices to ensure that its population can read and write if it wants to boost its literacy rate.

Free Education Policy

A “ Free Education for All ” policy provides positive outcomes, so its implementation is very crucial. Our leaders in Pakistan tried their hardest to raise the literacy rate through a variety of means in the past, but they were not significantly successful.

The Lack of Women’s education – Another Perspective

Another issue in Pakistan is the dearth of co-education and women’s education. Many people are against co-education. Some parents choose not to send their girls to college or school. They don’t think women’s education is important, because according to their perspective women don’t need to go outside the house to conquer the world.

Rather, they should stay at home and take care of their children and husbands only. Such people are so backward and still, they are present in this twenty-first century. But, because women make up about half of the population of Pakistan, so, women’s education is essential. Women must pursue education if we want to enhance the literacy rate.

Moreover, only educated women can transform societies through their leadership capability, and their ability to strengthen the economy.

Also Read: | Only Educated Women Can Change Societies

Are there any measures to be implemented in the future?

To solve the issues with education, the government and NGOs are working on several measures. The government aims to make education accessible to everyone. Free books, clothing, and transportation are available to the students, but checks and balances are essential.

People need to be encouraged to read, and we need to acknowledge the value of literacy so that we can get rid of illiteracy. Books may teach the next generation good citizenship, integrity, work ethics, and kindness by setting an example. The government and responsible leaders must abide by a few key directives to remove obstacles.

Way Forward

• The curriculum should be the same for all Pakistanis because the same curriculum is necessary for equal rights to opportunities.
• The course outline should be appropriate for foreign colleges or universities because it’s the course outline that anticipates the knowledge of students.
• The government should pick instructors who are extremely knowledgeable and skilled in the field of education, but they should take not much high salary.
• The government should increase spending on education but on the right side.
• The parts of Pakistan that are developing need more consideration.
• Institutions ought to have more openings for students so that more students can enjoy those facilities.
• After earning a degree, there must be suitable employment opportunities.
• Public-private partnerships are required so that every child can enjoy some amenities of the private system also.
• A system of checks and balances is necessary.
• To prevent corruption in education, strict regulations are required.

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Essay on Our Examination System in Pakistan with Quotations

This post contains a sample of an Essay on Our Examination system in Pakistan with Quotations for the students of FSC, 2nd year. Students of Class 12 can prepare this essay only as practice for annual exams. Our examination system essay has been taken from Sunshine English (Comprehensive-II) and I have added some appropriate quotations in it. Students of FSC can write the same essay under the title, Essay on Our Examination System with Quotes, Examination System of Pakistan essay with quotations and Examination System in Pakistan essay. If you need more essays for 2nd year you can visit Essays for FSC .

Examination System of Pakistan Essay with Quotations for FSC, 2nd Year Students

Education makes life worth living. A country without a proper, system of education can make no progress. Only the educated and skilled people can pave the way to progress. For good education, an adequate system of examination is necessary. Unfortunately, our system of examination is not satisfactory. It is replete with faults. The current system of examination is such as tests the memory of the students. It is not a fair test of knowledge, understanding and comprehension. The questions asked in the examination are not such as may promote the inborn faculties of students. The usual practice among the students is to learn everything by heart without a complete comprehension of it. This is practised in the present system of examination. though the students pass the examination in this way, they cannot develop their awareness greatly.

Education is a responsibility on every Muslim, male or female. (Hazrat Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم)

Furthermore, the method of evaluation of scripts is faulty. Every examiner has his particular outlook, temperament and a specified way of observation. Even the atmosphere affects the mood of examiners. As a result, the assessment is somewhat personal and therefore inaccurate. Moreover, the questions asked in the examination are subjective; they cannot be awarded exact marks.

In our country, the climate is of the extreme kind. The examinations take place usually in the hot summer. The scorching heat leads to several troubles. The students cannot concentrate fully on their studies. They have to go to the examination hall in the scorching heat of summer. Moreover, our academic terms are short because of extreme weather conditions. Consequently, students cannot read their course fully. This also adds to the difficulties of the students in the examination.

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet” . (Aristotle)

I have some suitable suggestions for the improvement of our examination system.

First, the examinations should be held in the spring season so that the students may work in the pleasant weather conditions. This will enable the students to focus their attention on their studies. This would also increase the length of the academic year.

“The difference between a good and a poor student is result”. ( ETC Wanyanwu)

Second, the questions papers should be set in such a way as they should be the real test of the student’s knowledge and insight.

Third, the declaration of result should be prompt and quick. This will save the time of the students. Even the length of the academic term would be increased.

Fourth, the students securing outstanding positions should be awarded prizes. They should be honoured with scholarship. This will increase the passion for study among the students. I hope that the government would take prompt steps in this regard.

“Prepare well! Take two inks; you may never know when one pen will stop writing!” ( Ernest Agyemang Yeboah)

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