Module 1A: Problem Solving and Proportional Reasoning

Multiplying fractions, learning outcomes.

  • Multiply two or more fractions
  • Multiply a fraction by a whole number

Introduction

Before we get started, here is some important terminology that will help you understand the concepts about working with fractions in this section.

  • product:  the result of  multiplication
  • factor: something being multiplied – for  [latex]3 \cdot 2 = 6[/latex] , both 3 and 2 are factors of 6
  • numerator: the top part of a fraction – the numerator in the fraction [latex]\frac{2}{3}[/latex] is 2
  • denominator: the bottom part of a fraction – the denominator in the fraction [latex]\frac{2}{3}[/latex] is 3

Note About Instructions

Many different words are used by math textbooks and teachers to provide students with instructions on what they are to do with a given problem. For example, you may see instructions such as “Find” or “Simplify” in the example in this module. It is important to understand what these words mean so you can successfully work through the problems in this course. Here is a short list of the words you may see that can help you know how to work through the problems in this module.

Multiply Fractions

Just as you add, subtract, multiply, and divide when working with whole numbers, you also use these operations when working with fractions.   There are many times when it is necessary to multiply fractions. A model may help you understand multiplication of fractions.

When you multiply a fraction by a fraction, you are finding a “fraction of a fraction.” Suppose you have [latex]\frac{3}{4}[/latex] of a candy bar and you want to find [latex]\frac{1}{2}[/latex] of the [latex]\frac{3}{4}[/latex]:

By dividing each fourth in half, you can divide the candy bar into eighths.

Then, choose half of those to get [latex]\frac{3}{8}[/latex].

In both of the above cases, to find the answer, you can multiply the numerators together and the denominators together.

Multiplying Two Fractions

[latex] \frac{a}{b}\cdot \frac{c}{d}=\frac{a\cdot c}{b\cdot d}=\frac{\text{product of the numerators}}{\text{product of the denominators}}[/latex]

Multiplying More Than Two Fractions

[latex] \frac{a}{b}\cdot \frac{c}{d}\cdot \frac{e}{f}=\frac{a\cdot c\cdot e}{b\cdot d\cdot f}[/latex]

Multiply [latex] \frac{2}{3}\cdot \frac{4}{5}[/latex].

[latex] \frac{2\cdot 4}{3\cdot 5}[/latex]

Simplify, if possible. This fraction is already in lowest terms.

[latex] \frac{8}{15}[/latex]

To review: if a fraction has common factors in the numerator and denominator, we can reduce the fraction to its simplified form by removing the common factors.

For example,

  • Given [latex] \frac{8}{15}[/latex], the factors of 8 are: 1, 2, 4, 8 and the factors of 15 are: 1, 3, 5, 15.  [latex] \frac{8}{15}[/latex] is simplified because there are no common factors of 8  and 15 .
  • Given [latex] \frac{10}{15}[/latex], the factors of 10 are: 1, 2, 5, 10 and the factors of15 are: 1, 3, 5, 15. [latex] \frac{10}{15}[/latex] is not simplified because 5  is a common factor of 10  and 15 .

You can simplify first, before you multiply two fractions, to make your work easier. This allows you to work with smaller numbers when you multiply.

In the following video you will see an example of how to multiply two fractions, then simplify the answer.

Think About It

Multiply [latex] \frac{2}{3}\cdot \frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{3}{5}[/latex]. Simplify the answer.

What makes this example different than the previous ones on this page? Use the box below to write down a few thoughts about how you would multiply three fractions together.

[latex] \frac{2\cdot 1\cdot 3}{3\cdot 4\cdot 5}[/latex]

Simplify first by canceling (dividing) the common factors of 3 and 2. 3 divided by 3 is 1, and 2 divided by 2 is 1.

[latex]\begin{array}{c}\frac{2\cdot 1\cdot3}{3\cdot (2\cdot 2)\cdot 5}\\\frac{\cancel{2}\cdot 1\cdot\cancel{3}}{\cancel{3}\cdot (\cancel{2}\cdot 2)\cdot 5}\\\frac{1}{10}\end{array}[/latex]

[latex] \frac{2}{3}\cdot \frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{3}{5}[/latex] = [latex]\frac{1}{10}[/latex]

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  • The second group of tasks  focuses on the progression of ideas associated with fractions, through a problem-solving lens.  So, the tasks in this second group are curriculum-linked but crucially also offer opportunities for learners to develop their problem-solving and reasoning skills.   

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Common Core: 5th Grade Math : Solve Real World Problems Involving Multiplication of Fractions and Mixed Numbers: CCSS.Math.Content.5.NF.B.6

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Home / United States / Math Classes / 5th Grade Math / Problem Solving using Fractions

Problem Solving using Fractions

Fractions are numbers that exist between whole numbers. We get fractions when we divide whole numbers into equal parts. Here we will learn to solve some real-life problems using fractions. ...Read More Read Less

Table of Contents

multiplying fractions reasoning and problem solving

What are Fractions?

Types of fractions.

  • Fractions with like and unlike denominators
  • Operations on fractions
  • Fractions can be multiplied by using
  • Let’s take a look at a few examples

Solved Examples

  • Frequently Asked Questions

Equal parts of a whole or a collection of things are represented by fractions . In other words a fraction is a part or a portion of the whole. When we divide something into equal pieces, each part becomes a fraction of the whole.

For example in the given figure, one pizza represents a whole. When cut into 2 equal parts, each part is half of the whole, that can be represented by the fraction  \(\frac{1}{2}\) . 

Similarly, if it is divided into 4 equal parts, then each part is one fourth of the whole, that can be represented by the fraction \(\frac{1}{4}\) .

new1

Proper fractions

A fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator value is called a  proper fraction.

For example ,  \(\frac{3}{4}\) ,  \(\frac{5}{7}\) ,  \(\frac{3}{8}\)   are proper fractions.

Improper fractions 

A fraction with the numerator higher than or equal to the denominator is called an improper fraction .

Eg \(\frac{9}{4}\) ,  \(\frac{8}{8}\) ,  \(\frac{9}{4}\)   are examples of improper fractions.

Mixed fractions

A mixed number or a mixed fraction is a type of fraction which is a combination of both a whole number and a proper fraction.

We express improper fractions as mixed numbers.

For example ,  5\(\frac{1}{3}\) ,  1\(\frac{4}{9}\) ,  13\(\frac{7}{8}\)   are mixed fractions.

Unit fraction

A unit fraction is a fraction with a numerator equal to one. If a whole or a collection is divided into equal parts, then exactly 1 part of the total parts represents a unit fraction .

new2

Fractions with Like and Unlike Denominators

Like fractions are those in which two or more fractions have the same denominator, whereas unlike fractions are those in which the denominators of two or more fractions are different.

For example,  

\(\frac{1}{4}\)  and  \(\frac{3}{4}\)  are like fractions as they both have the same denominator, that is, 4.

\(\frac{1}{3}\)  and  \(\frac{1}{4}\)   are unlike fractions as they both have a different denominator.

Operations on Fractions

We can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations on fractions.

Fractions with unlike denominators can be added or subtracted using equivalent fractions. Equivalent fractions can be obtained by finding a common denominator. And a common denominator is obtained either by determining a common multiple of the denominators or by calculating the product of the denominators.

There is another method to add or subtract mixed numbers, that is, solve the fractional and whole number parts separately, and then, find their sum to get the final answer.

Fractions can be Multiplied by Using:

Division operations on fractions can be performed using a tape diagram and area model. Also, when a fraction is divided by another fraction then we can solve it by multiplying the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor. 

Let’s Take a Look at a Few Examples

Addition and subtraction using common denominator

( \(\frac{1}{6} ~+ ~\frac{2}{5}\) )

We apply the method of equivalent fractions. For this we need a common denominator, or a common multiple of the two denominators 6 and 5, that is, 30.

\(\frac{1}{6} ~+ ~\frac{2}{5}\)

= \(\frac{5~+~12}{30}\)  

=  \(\frac{17}{30}\) 

( \(\frac{5}{2}~-~\frac{1}{6}\) )

= \(\frac{12~-~5}{30}\)

= \(\frac{7}{30}\)

Examples of Multiplication and Division

Multiplication:

(\(\frac{1}{6}~\times~\frac{2}{5}\))

= (\(\frac{1~\times~2}{6~\times~5}\))                                       [Multiplying numerator of fractions and multiplying denominator of fractions]

=  \(\frac{2}{30}\)

(\(\frac{2}{5}~÷~\frac{1}{6}\))

= (\(\frac{2 ~\times~ 5}{6~\times~ 1}\))                                     [Multiplying dividend with the reciprocal of divisor]

= (\(\frac{2 ~\times~ 6}{5 ~\times~ 1}\))

= \(\frac{12}{5}\)

Example 1: Solve \(\frac{7}{8}\) + \(\frac{2}{3}\)

Let’s add \(\frac{7}{8}\)  and  \(\frac{2}{3}\)   using equivalent fractions. For this we need to find a common denominator or a common multiple of the two denominators 8 and 3, which is, 24.

\(\frac{7}{8}\) + \(\frac{2}{3}\)

= \(\frac{21~+~16}{24}\)    

= \(\frac{37}{24}\)

Example 2: Solve \(\frac{11}{13}\) – \(\frac{12}{17}\)

Solution:  

Let’s subtract  \(\frac{12}{17}\) from \(\frac{11}{13}\)   using equivalent fractions. For this we need a common denominator or a common multiple of the two denominators 13 and 17, that is, 221.

\(\frac{11}{13}\) – \(\frac{12}{17}\)

= \(\frac{187~-~156}{221}\)

= \(\frac{31}{221}\)

Example 3: Solve \(\frac{15}{13} ~\times~\frac{18}{17}\)

Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators of the 2 fractions.

\(\frac{15}{13}~\times~\frac{18}{17}\)

= \(\frac{15~~\times~18}{13~~\times~~17}\)

= \(\frac{270}{221}\)

Example 4: Solve \(\frac{25}{33}~\div~\frac{41}{45}\)

Divide by multiplying the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

\(\frac{25}{33}~\div~\frac{41}{45}\)

= \(\frac{25}{33}~\times~\frac{41}{45}\)                            [Multiply with reciprocal of the divisor \(\frac{41}{45}\) , that is, \(\frac{45}{41}\)  ]

= \(\frac{25~\times~45}{33~\times~41}\)

= \(\frac{1125}{1353}\)

Example 5: 

Sam was left with   \(\frac{7}{8}\)  slices of chocolate cake and    \(\frac{3}{7}\)  slices of vanilla cake after he shared the rest with his friends. Find out the total number of slices of cake he had with him. Sam shared   \(\frac{10}{11}\)  slices from the total number he had with his parents. What is the number of slices he has remaining?

To find the total number of slices of cake he had after sharing we need to add the slices of each cake he had,

=   \(\frac{7}{8}\) +   \(\frac{3}{7}\)   

=   \(\frac{49~+~24}{56}\)

=   \(\frac{73}{56}\)

To find out the remaining number of slices Sam has   \(\frac{10}{11}\)  slices need to be deducted from the total number,

= \(\frac{73}{56}~-~\frac{10}{11}\)

=   \(\frac{803~-~560}{616}\)

=   \(\frac{243}{616}\)

Hence, after sharing the cake with his friends, Sam has  \(\frac{73}{56}\) slices of cake, and after sharing with his parents he had  \(\frac{243}{616}\)  slices of cake left with him.

Example 6: Tiffany squeezed oranges to make orange juice for her juice stand. She was able to get 25 ml from one orange. How many oranges does she need to squeeze to fill a jar of   \(\frac{15}{8}\) liters? Each cup that she sells carries 200 ml and she sells each cup for 64 cents. How much money does she make at her juice stand?

First  \(\frac{15}{8}\) l needs to be converted to milliliters.

\(\frac{15}{8}\)l into milliliters =  \(\frac{15}{8}\) x 1000 = 1875 ml

To find the number of oranges, divide the total required quantity by the quantity of juice that one orange can give.

The number of oranges required for 1875 m l of juice =  \(\frac{1875}{25}\) ml = 75 oranges

To find the number of cups she sells, the total quantity of juice is to be divided by the quantity of juice that 1 cup has

=  \(\frac{1875}{200}~=~9\frac{3}{8}\) cups

We know that, the number of cups cannot be a fraction, it has to be a whole number. Also each cup must have 200ml. Hence with the quantity of juice she has she can sell 9 cups,   \(\frac{3}{8}\) th  of a cup cannot be sold alone.

Money made on selling 9 cups = 9 x 64 = 576 cents

Hence she makes 576 cents from her juice stand.

What is a mixed fraction?

A mixed fraction is a number that has a whole number and a fractional part. It is used to represent values between whole numbers.

How will you add fractions with unlike denominators?

When adding fractions with unlike denominators, take the common multiple of the denominators of both the fractions and then convert them into equivalent fractions. 

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Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer Lesson

This Year 5 Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer lesson covers the prior learning of adding 2 or more fractions, before moving onto the main skill of multiplying unit fractions by an integer.

The lesson starts with a prior learning worksheet to check pupils’ understanding. The interactive lesson slides recap the prior learning before moving on to the main skill. Children can then practise further by completing the activities and can extend their learning by completing an engaging extension task.

National Curriculum Objective Mathematics Year 5: (5F5) Multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by materials and diagrams

Mathematics Year 5: (5F2a) Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number [for example, 2/5 + 4/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5 ]

Mathematics Year 5: (5F2b) Identify, name and write equivalent fractions of a given fraction, represented visually, including tenths and hundredths

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Lesson Slides

Lesson Slides

These lesson slides guides pupils through the prior learning of adding 2 or more fractions, before moving onto the main skill of multiply unit fractions by an integer. There are a number of questions to check pupils' understanding throughout.

Modelling PowerPoint

Modelling PowerPoint

This powerpoint can be used to model the questions that the children will complete on the Varied Fluency and Reasoning & Problem Solving worksheets as part of this lesson.

Lesson Slides

These are the same as the lesson slides on Classroom Secrets. You can assign this as an activity for pupils to access individually in school or remotely from home.

1 Prior Learning

Worksheet

This worksheet recaps prior learning of adding 2 or more fractions, before moving onto the main skill of multiplying unit fractions by an integer.

Interactive Activity

Interactive Activity

This Year 4 Add 2 or More Fractions Game checks pupils' understanding of adding 2 or more fractions together where the denominators are the same.

2 Practical Activities

Supporting Activity

Supporting Activity

This the Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer supporting activities sheet contains suggestions for additional tasks you might wish to use to support pupils' understanding of the concepts taught in the lesson.

2 Varied Fluency

Worksheet

This differentiated worksheet includes varied fluency questions for pupils to practise the main skill of this lesson.

Interactive Animation Activity

Interactive Animation Activity

This Year 5 Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer Interactive Animation supports pupils’ understanding of multiplying fractions including where the answer needs to be converted into a mixed number.

2 Reasoning & Problem Solving

Worksheet

This multiply unit fractions by an integer extension task includes a challenge activity which can be used to further pupils' understanding of the concepts taught in the multiply unit fractions by an integer lesson.

Mixed Practice

Mixed Practice

This worksheet includes varied fluency, reasoning and problem solving questions for pupils to practise the main skill of multiply unit fractions by an integer.

Worksheet

This differentiated worksheet includes reasoning and problem solving questions to support the teaching of this step.

Discussion Problem

Discussion Problem

This worksheet includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding of the concepts taught in this lesson.

Interactive Challenge Activity

Interactive Challenge Activity

This Year 5 Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer Maths Challenge checks pupils' understanding of multiplying unit fractions within a problem solving context. Pupils will sort the fractions based on the given criteria.

Worksheet

This differentiated worksheet includes varied fluency and reasoning and problem solving questions to support the teaching of this step.

2 Additional Activities

Consolidation Pack

Consolidation Pack

These Fractions worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 5 Spring Block 2.

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Home Learning Pack

This Spring week 9 Maths pack contains varied fluency, reasoning and problem solving worksheets

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Multiplying Fractions in Context - Worded Problems

Multiplying Fractions in Context - Worded Problems

Subject: Mathematics

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

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Last updated

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  1. PDF Year 6 Multiply Fractions by Fractions Reasoning and Problem Solving

    Accept any 8 pairs of proper and improper fractions which multiply together to give the correct answer, for example: 6 13 78. x =. 3 8 24. 9b. He has multiplied both 17 and 13 by 6, instead of multiplying 17 by 6 and 13 by 7. The answer should be: 102 11 or 1. 91 91. Reasoning and Problem Solving - Multiply Fractions by Fractions ANSWERS.

  2. Multiplying Fractions

    A model may help you understand multiplication of fractions. When you multiply a fraction by a fraction, you are finding a "fraction of a fraction.". Suppose you have 3 4 3 4 of a candy bar and you want to find 1 2 1 2 of the 3 4 3 4: By dividing each fourth in half, you can divide the candy bar into eighths. Then, choose half of those to ...

  3. Multiply fractions word problems (practice)

    Report a problem. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

  4. Exploring Fractions

    Exploring Fractions. Introduction. At NRICH, our aim is to offer rich tasks which develop deep understanding of mathematical concepts. Of course, by their very nature, rich tasks will also provide opportunities for children to work like a mathematician and so help them develop their problem-solving skills alongside this conceptual understanding.

  5. Solve Real World Problems Involving Multiplication of Fractions and

    Explanation: . When we multiply a fraction by a whole number, we first want to make the whole number into a fraction. We do that by putting the whole number over Then we multiply like normal. Because can go into only time and is left over. Karen collected bags of leaves.

  6. Multiplying fractions word problem worksheets for grade 5

    Including estimating. These grade 5 word problems involve the multiplication of common fractions by other fractions or whole numbers. Some problems ask students between what numbers does the answer lie? Answers are simplified where possible. Worksheet #1 Worksheet #2 Worksheet #3 Worksheet #4. Worksheet #5 Worksheet #6.

  7. Multiplying Fractions Practice Questions

    multiplication. Practice Questions. Previous: Increasing/Decreasing by a Fraction Practice Questions. Next: Conversion Graphs Practice Questions. The Corbettmaths Practice Questions on Multiplying Fractions.

  8. PDF Year 6 Multiply Fractions by Integers Reasoning and Problem Solving

    Proper fractions and improper fractions are multiplied by integers. Children create their own pictorial representations and answers must be a simplified mixed number. Questions 3, 6 and 9 (Problem Solving) Developing Calculate how many weeks of practice are needed to reach a minimum target. Mixed numbers are multiplied by integers.

  9. Multiplying / Multiplication of Fractions Problem Solving Mastery

    Multiplying / Multiplication of Fractions Problem Solving Mastery Worksheet. Subject: Mathematics. Age range: 14-16. Resource type: Worksheet/Activity. File previews. pdf, 98.07 KB. pdf, 107.13 KB. This is a mastery worksheet on Multiplication of Fractions that includes questions on fluency, reasoning and problem solving. This worksheet aims to ...

  10. Year 6 Diving into Mastery: Multiply Fractions by ...

    This comprehensive teaching pack has been written in line with Version 3.0 of the White Rose Maths scheme of learning for year 6 autumn term block 4 small step 2: Multiply Fractions by Fractions. Included in the pack is an easy-to-follow PowerPoint containing fluency, reasoning and problem-solving activities for your children to work through together. The accompanying activity sheets follow ...

  11. PDF Year 6 Multiply Fractions by Integers Discussion Problems

    Mathematics Year 6: (6F2) Use common factors to simplify fractions; use common multiples to express fractions in the same denomination Mathematics Year 6: (6F3) Compare and order fractions, including fractions > 1 Mathematics Year 6: (6F4) Add and subtract fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent ...

  12. White Rose Year 6 Block 3 Fractions

    The worksheet has three sections: Varied Fluency, Further Fluency and Reasoning and Problem Solving. The 'Varied Fluency' and 'Further Fluency' sections, which are designed using similar representations found in the White Rose Schemes, are intended to be sliced and placed into one half of the learner's exercise book, leaving the other ...

  13. Multiply fractions by an integer

    Problem solving. Caleb multiplies a unit fraction by a whole number. The denominator of the fraction is a factor of 12. The answer is greater than 1 but less than 2. The whole number is a factor of 18

  14. Problem Solving using Fractions (Definition, Types and Examples

    Multiplication of numerators, and multiplication of denominators of the two fractions. Division operations on fractions can be performed using a tape diagram and area model. Also, when a fraction is divided by another fraction then we can solve it by multiplying the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

  15. Reasoning and Problem Solving Step 17: Multiply Non-Unit Fractions by

    Reasoning and Problem Solving Multiply Non-Unit Fractions by an Integer Reasoning and Problem Solving Multiply Non-Unit Fractions by an Integer Developing 1a. A is the odd one out as it equals . All the rest equal or . 2a. Rosie is correct. Todd has added the integer to the numerator and denominator. 3a. or Expected 4a.

  16. PDF Reasoning and Problem Solving Year 6

    Tick the box on the ruler which shows the two. 10. places where you would need to cut the fabric. 1 metre ruler. Reasoning and Problem Solving - Year 6 - Consolidation Pack -- Secure. Reasoning and Problem Solving - Fractions Consolidation - Year 6. 5. The carpet layer has sent his bill, he spent 2 5 hours cutting the carpet and.

  17. Fractions mastery and problem solving

    Fractions mastery and problem solving. Subject: Mathematics. Age range: 11-14. Resource type: Worksheet/Activity. File previews. docx, 282.01 KB. pptx, 1.87 MB. Multiplying, dividing, adding and subtracting fractions mastery lesson including problem solving from nrich. If there are any mistakes on the answers, let me know and I can update.

  18. Year 5 Multiply Unit Fractions by an Integer Lesson

    Mathematics Year 5: (5F2a) Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number [for example, 2/5 + 4/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5 ] Mathematics Year 5: (5F2b) Identify, name and write equivalent fractions of a given fraction, represented visually, including tenths and ...

  19. Year 6 Diving into Mastery: Multiply Fractions by ...

    This wonderful teaching pack has been written in line with Version 3.0 of the White Rose Maths scheme of learning for year 6 autumn term block 4 small step 1: Multiply Fractions by Integers. In the pack is an easy-to-follow PowerPoint containing fluency, reasoning and problem-solving activities for your children to work through together.

  20. Multiplying Fractions in Context

    Multiplying Fractions in Context - Worded Problems. Subject: Mathematics. Age range: 11-14. Resource type: Worksheet/Activity. File previews. pdf, 11.79 MB. A collection of calculating fractions through worded problems in real life contexts. Great way to test comprehension of fraction calculations to KS3, nice starter for KS4 as a precursor to ...