essays on change

SUGGESTED TOPICS
The Magazine
Newsletters
Managing Yourself
Managing Teams
Work-life Balance
The Big Idea
Data & Visuals
Reading Lists
Case Selections
HBR Learning
Topic Feeds
Account Settings
Email Preferences

How to Become More Comfortable with Change

Kathryn Clubb

Overcome these three (very common) change-averse mindsets.

One of the most common unconscious mindsets is that “change is temporary,” but when you see something as temporary, you tend to cope with it instead of accepting and embracing it. The reality is that change is a constant, and you’ll need to navigate it often in your career.

The authors identify three common change-averse mindsets: receivers, resistors, and controllers. Receivers see change as something that happens to them that shakes up their sense of control.
Resistors push back against change, falsely hoping it might go away. And controllers find change overwhelming and isolating.
By consciously examining how you approach change, you can adopt these strategies to move toward a more change-ready mindset, and welcome change as an opportunity.

Where your work meets your life. See more from Ascend here .

The pace of change has increased massively in light of the pandemic. Managing it now requires a strategy akin to whitewater rafting. New and unpredictable obstacles will continue to present themselves every day — and not just for companies, but for workers themselves.

Kathryn Clubb is head of change and transformation at BTS , an organization that works with leaders at all levels to help them make better decisions, convert those decisions to actions, and deliver results. After being a partner in Accenture’s Strategy Practice, Kathryn was the Chief Innovator at WHWest, Inc. With decades of experience helping companies transform and execute strategy, Kathryn has extensive experience working with a variety of top global organizations.
Jeni Fan is a senior director at BTS and leads change and transformation for the East Coast of the United States. She serves as a strategist advisor and thought partner to clients undergoing large-scale change: from culture to strategy, to pre- and post-M&A. Taking a human-centered, evidence-based approach, her work focuses on alignment and building sustained systemwide change at all levels of an organization. Her work spans multiple industries and sectors.

Partner Center

College Essay: Adapting to Change

I am wrapped warmly in my thin, soft, rainbow blanket looking up at my mother and father in a blurry haze. For the next 15 years, that rainbow blanket would be an object of comfort, home and family. When I was young, I never wanted to grow up and become an adult because reality was endless and full of possibilities. I was too afraid to leave the warmth of my home and step into the real world with aspirations of my own. But, the year 2019-20 has shifted my entire view, and I had to adapt to the changes that occurred when growing up. 

The elders always ask me, “Thaum koj loj los koj yuav dhau los ua kws kho mob, puas yog?” This translates to, “When you are older you’re going to become a doctor, right?”

“Yes,” I quickly reply without thinking, because it is such a common question. For 15 years, I’ve set strict rules to achieve my goals. I had my whole life planned out–until I went to high school. 

Transitioning to high school was a steep, icy hill. There were many obstacles I had to face that reflected my determination. For nine years, I had spent my entire life with the same adults, peers and school, but it was time to step out of my comfort zone.  

“YOU GOT INTO THE MATH AND SCIENCE ACADEMY!!” my mom screamed joyfully, as if she was the one who had been accepted. However, I was nervous about attending the No. 1 public charter school in Minnesota. 

Regardless, I wanted to play for the volleyball team. I had practiced for weeks to improve my serve. It was toward the end of August and humid outside. My knees were shaking, and my stomach was quivering with fear. My head was dizzy and my throat was dry. As I walked into the building, I felt a rush of cool air overwhelm me. It smelled like new wood; everything was polished. I peeked into the gym and saw girls that were more than 5 feet tall. After half of the tryout, I made new friends. I was excited to play volleyball with them, and I soon got over the feeling of being an outsider. Since the student body population was small, I connected with teachers and students. I even joined clubs. I finally belonged. 

Then March 13, 2020, hit and altered my sense of belonging at school. I was finally happy and comfortable with the high standards of Math and Science Academy, but COVID-19 drastically impacted everyone; it was time to adapt.

I learn online curriculum, practice social distancing and participate in extracurricular activities online. As the oldest of six, I am responsible for myself and the care of the family.  I tend to my 1-year-old sister, Scarlett, and help watch my siblings. I give my rainbow blanket to Scarlett when she’s fussy. Now, my rainbow blanket is part of my family’s memories. I learn to appreciate and grow as a learner and daughter. I understand my parents, grandparents and siblings better than ever before. I know that my passion for helping people and seeing families united and joyful is my vocation. I want to become a cardiothoracic surgeon to help families through hard times and give them the hope to continue on. We can only adapt to change. 

“Even if the desert becomes cracked, no matter who shakes this world, don’t let go of the hand you’re holding.” This quote is from someone who reminds me to continue making new memories while holding the past, much like my rainbow blanket. This blanket reminds me that when I pursue higher education and start a family, I will always have the strength of my memories that tie me back to who I am.

ThreeSixty Journalism,

a nonprofit program of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of St. Thomas, uses the principles of strong writing and reporting to help diverse Minnesota youth tell the stories of their lives and communities.

Argumentative Essay Writing

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change

Make Your Case: A Guide to Writing an Argumentative Essay on Climate Change

Published on: Mar 2, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

What is an Argumentative Essay about Climate Change?

The main focus will be on trying to prove that global warming is caused by human activities. Your goal should be to convince your readers that human activity is causing climate change.

To achieve this, you will need to use a variety of research methods to collect data on the topic. You need to make an argument as to why climate change needs to be taken more seriously.

Argumentative Essay Outline about Climate Change

An argumentative essay about climate change requires a student to take an opinionated stance on the subject.

The outline of your paper should include the following sections:

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Introduction

The first step is to introduce the topic and provide an overview of the main points you will cover in the essay.

This should include a brief description of what climate change is. Furthermore, it should include current research on how humans are contributing to global warming.

An example is:

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Thesis Statement For Climate Change Argumentative Essay

The thesis statement should be a clear and concise description of your opinion on the topic. It should be established early in the essay and reiterated throughout.

For example, an argumentative essay about climate change could have a thesis statement such as:

Climate Change Argumentative Essay Conclusion

The conclusion should restate your thesis statement and summarize the main points of the essay.

It should also provide a call to action, encouraging readers to take steps toward addressing climate change.

For example,

How To Write An Argumentative Essay On Climate Change

Writing an argumentative essay about climate change requires a student to take an opinionated stance on the subject.

Following are the steps to follow for writing an argumentative essay about climate change

Do Your Research

The first step is researching the topic and collecting evidence to back up your argument.

You should look at scientific research, articles, and data on climate change as well as current policy solutions.

Pick A Catchy Title

Once you have gathered your evidence, it is time to pick a title for your essay. It should be specific and concise.

Outline Your Essay

After selecting a title, create an outline of the main points you will include in the essay.

This should include an introduction, body paragraphs that provide evidence for your argument, and a conclusion.

Compose Your Essay

Finally, begin writing your essay. Start with an introduction that provides a brief overview of the main points you will cover and includes your thesis statement.

Then move on to the body paragraphs, providing evidence to back up your argument.

Finally, conclude the essay by restating your thesis statement and summarizing the main points.

Proofread and Revise

Once you have finished writing the essay, it is important to proofread and revise your work.

Check for any spelling or grammatical errors, and make sure the argument is clear and logical.

Finally, consider having someone else read over the essay for a fresh perspective.

By following these steps, you can create an effective argumentative essay on climate change. Good luck!

Examples Of Argumentative Essays About Climate Change

Climate Change is real and happening right now. It is one of the most urgent environmental issues that we face today.

Argumentative essays about this topic can help raise awareness that we need to protect our planet.

Below you will find some examples of argumentative essays on climate change written by CollegeEssay.orgâs expert essay writers.

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change And Global Warming

Persuasive Essay About Climate Change

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change In The Philippines

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Caused By Humans

Geography Argumentative Essay About Climate Change

Check our extensive blog on argumentative essay examples to ace your next essay!

Good Argumentative Essay Topics About Climate Change

Choosing a great topic is essential to help your readers understand and engage with the issue.

Here are some suggestions:

Should governments fund projects that will reduce the effects of climate change?
Is it too late to stop global warming and climate change?
Are international treaties effective in reducing carbon dioxide emissions?
What are the economic implications of climate change?
Should renewable energy be mandated as a priority over traditional fossil fuels?
How can individuals help reduce their carbon footprint and fight climate change?
Are regulations on industry enough to reduce global warming and climate change?
Could geoengineering be used to mitigate climate change?
What are the social and political effects of global warming and climate change?
Should companies be held accountable for their contribution to climate change?

Check our comprehensive blog on argumentative essay topics to get more topic ideas!

We hope these topics and resources help you write a great argumentative essay about climate change.

Now that you know how to write an argumentative essay about climate change, itâs time to put your skills to the test.

Overwhelmed with assignments and thinking, "I wish someone could write me an essay "?

Our specialized writing service is here to turn that wish into reality. With a focus on quality, originality, and timely delivery, our team of professionals is committed to crafting essays that align perfectly with your academic goals.

And for those seeking an extra edge, our essay writer , an advanced AI tool, is ready to elevate your writing to new heights.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good introduction to climate change.

An introduction to a climate change essay can include a short description of why the topic is important and/or relevant.

It can also provide an overview of what will be discussed in the body of the essay.

The introduction should conclude with a clear, focused thesis statement that outlines the main argument in your essay.

What is a good thesis statement for climate change?

A good thesis statement for a climate change essay should state the main point or argument you will make in your essay.

You could argue that “The science behind climate change is irrefutable and must be addressed by governments, businesses, and individuals.”

Cathy A. (Medical school essay, Education)

For more than five years now, Cathy has been one of our most hardworking authors on the platform. With a Masters degree in mass communication, she knows the ins and outs of professional writing. Clients often leave her glowing reviews for being an amazing writer who takes her work very seriously.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That’s our Job!

Keep reading

Legal & Policies

Privacy Policy
Cookies Policy
Terms of Use
Refunds & Cancellations
Our Writers
Success Stories
Our Guarantees
Affiliate Program
Referral Program
AI Essay Writer

Disclaimer: All client orders are completed by our team of highly qualified human writers. The essays and papers provided by us are not to be used for submission but rather as learning models only.

Essays on Change

Faq about change.

Skip to primary navigation
Skip to main content
Skip to primary sidebar

Student Essays

Essays-Paragraphs-Speeches

Essay on Change [ Meaning & Importance of Change in Life ]

Essay on Change | Meaning, Why Change is Inevitable in Life

Change can be defined as , “the act or instance of making or becoming different”. Change is a natural part of life and it is something that we all go through. It can be difficult to adjust to, but it is also something that can be very rewarding.

>>>>> Related Post: ” Speech on Time & Its Management “

There are many different types of change that we experience in our lives. Some changes are small, like making a new friend or trying a new food. Other changes are more significant, like getting married or starting a new job. No matter what type of change it is, it can be difficult to adjust to at first. We may feel uncertain or scared about what the future holds. But with time and patience, we usually come to accept and even enjoy

Why Change is Necessary in Life?

Change is necessary in order to grow and develop. If we never changed, we would still be living in caves and eating raw food. Change has allowed us to evolve into the beings that we are today. It is a part of life that we cannot avoid.

Change in Personal & Professional Life

There are many benefits to change in both our personal and professional lives. In our personal lives, change can help us grow as individuals. It can allow us to try new things and meet new people. It can also help us learn more about ourselves and what we want out of life.

In our professional lives, change can help us learn new skills and develop new relationships. It can also help us advance our careers and achieve our goals. Change is an important part of growth and development, and it can have a positive impact on both our personal and professional lives.

Resistance to Change

There are many factors that can resist change. Some of these include fear, insecurity, and lack of knowledge. Change can be scary, especially if we don’t know what to expect. We may feel like we are losing control of our lives when things start to change. But if we can overcome these fears, we will be able to embrace change and reap the many benefits it has to offer. Change is something that is necessary in order to grow and develop as a person. It can be difficult to adjust to at first, but with time and patience, we usually come to accept and even enjoy it.

No matter how much we may try to resist it, change is something that will always be a part of our lives. It is something that we cannot avoid. But, if we embrace it, we can use it to our advantage. Change can help us grow and develop in both our personal and professional lives.

>>>>> Related Post: ” Essay on Integrity “

The change is something that we all go through in our lives. It can be difficult to adjust to, but it is also something that can be very rewarding. Change is necessary for growth and development, and it can have a positive impact on both our personal and professional lives. We should not resist change, but instead embrace it and allow it to help us grow and evolve.

Reader Interactions

Essay on We Can Change the World

Students are often asked to write an essay on We Can Change the World in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

Belief in change.

Change begins with belief. We can change the world if we truly believe it’s possible. Our thoughts and actions can make a big difference.

Small Steps Matter

Every small step counts. Planting a tree, helping a friend, or recycling waste are simple actions that contribute to a better world.

Working together amplifies our impact. By uniting our efforts, we can achieve significant changes.

Think Future

We must think about our future generations. Our actions today will shape their world. Let’s make it a better place for them.

250 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

The power of individual action.

Change is a natural aspect of life, and it can be harnessed to transform the world. Each individual, regardless of their status, has the potential to contribute to this change. The belief that change is possible starts with the individual. A single action, like reducing personal waste or advocating for social justice, can create ripples that influence others to act.

Collective Effort and Its Impact

While individual actions are vital, collective effort is the driving force behind significant change. Movements like the Civil Rights Movement and the fight against climate change have shown how people coming together can create substantial impacts. This collective action, powered by shared beliefs and mutual support, can alter societal norms and create a more equitable world.

Technology as a Catalyst

In the digital age, technology serves as a catalyst for change. Social media platforms enable individuals to share ideas, mobilize support, and challenge oppressive systems. Technology has the potential to democratize information, providing everyone with the tools to understand and act on global issues.

The Journey Ahead

Changing the world is a continuous journey. It requires persistence, resilience, and a commitment to learning. It is about understanding that every action, no matter how small, contributes to a larger cause. By harnessing the power of individual actions, collective effort, and technology, we can shape the world into a place that reflects our shared values and aspirations.

In conclusion, the power to change the world lies within us. It starts with a belief in the possibility of change, followed by consistent action. Together, we can change the world.

500 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

Change is a fundamental part of human existence. It is the driving force behind evolution, progress, and the transformation of societies. While the idea of changing the world may seem daunting, it is not an impossible task. The notion of changing the world implies a collective effort, but it starts with the actions of individuals.

Small Actions, Big Impact

The first step towards changing the world is recognizing that small actions can have a significant impact. The butterfly effect, a concept from chaos theory, illustrates this point perfectly. It suggests that a butterfly flapping its wings can ultimately cause a tornado thousands of miles away. In the same vein, a single act of kindness, a novel idea, or a passionate endeavor can set off a chain reaction of events leading to substantial global change.

Education as a Catalyst for Change

One of the most powerful tools for change is education. Knowledge empowers individuals and societies to challenge the status quo and seek improvements. It fosters critical thinking, enabling individuals to question prevailing norms and ideologies. Furthermore, education equips us with the skills and competencies to bring about desired changes. By promoting education, we can create a more informed populace capable of making decisions that positively impact the world.

Technological Innovation and Change

Technological innovation is another significant agent of change. From the printing press to the internet, technology has always been a catalyst for societal transformation. Today, advancements in areas like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and renewable energy are not just changing the way we live but also the way we interact with our world. Embracing and promoting technological innovation can thus be a potent strategy for world change.

The Role of Policy and Governance

Policy and governance also play a crucial role in world change. Sound policies can promote social justice, economic development, and environmental sustainability. They can help address systemic issues and create an enabling environment for positive change. Therefore, active participation in governance and policy-making processes can significantly contribute to changing the world.

Conclusion: The Power of Collective Action

While individual actions are crucial, collective action is the key to changing the world. It is through the combined efforts of individuals, communities, and nations that we can address global challenges like climate change, poverty, and inequality. The power to change the world is not exclusive to a select few. It resides in each of us. As Margaret Mead famously said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.”

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Ways to Save Water
Essay on Ways to Save The Environment
Essay on Ways to Save Money

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essays About Change

What makes a good change essay topic.

When it comes to writing a change essay, choosing the right topic is crucial. A good change essay topic should be thought-provoking, relevant, and engaging. It should also be something that you are passionate about, as this will make the writing process much easier. To brainstorm and choose an essay topic, consider your personal experiences, current events, and issues that are important to you. Think about what you want to communicate to your readers and what impact you want your essay to have. A good essay topic should also be specific and focused, allowing for in-depth exploration and analysis.

Best Change Essay Topics

When it comes to change essay topics, it's important to think outside the box and choose something that will stand out. Here are 20 creative change essay topics to consider:

The impact of technology on modern relationships
The changing role of women in the workplace
The effects of climate change on global food production
How social media has transformed communication and relationships
The evolution of fashion and its influence on society
The changing dynamics of family structures in the 21st century
The effects of globalization on local cultures and traditions
The impact of artificial intelligence on the job market
The changing portrayal of mental health in the media
The transformation of education in the digital age
The effects of urbanization on the environment
The changing landscape of healthcare and wellness
The impact of immigration on cultural diversity
The evolution of activism and social movements
The changing dynamics of power and influence in politics
The effects of automation on the future of work
The transformation of traditional media in the digital era
The changing attitudes towards body image and beauty standards
The impact of gentrification on local communities
The evolution of travel and tourism in the age of technology

Change essay topics prompts

Looking for some inspiration for your change essay? Here are 5 creative prompts to get you started:

Reflect on a personal experience that sparked a significant change in your life and explore the impact it had on your perspective and beliefs.
Imagine a world where a major historical event had a different outcome and explore how it would have changed the course of history.
Consider a current social issue that you are passionate about and analyze the potential for positive change in the future.
Explore the concept of change through the lens of a fictional story or character and examine the lessons it offers for real-life situations.
Take a deep dive into a specific industry or field and examine the ways in which it has evolved and adapted to change over time.

Choosing the right change essay topic is essential for creating a compelling and impactful piece of writing. By considering your personal passions, current events, and thought-provoking issues, you can find a topic that will engage and inspire your readers. Don't be afraid to think outside the box and explore creative and unique ideas that will set your essay apart. With the right topic, you can craft a powerful essay that resonates with your audience and makes a meaningful impact.

The Positive Effects of Change in Social Work

The changes of technology and communication of denmark's concerns, made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

Each essay is customized to cater to your unique preferences

+ experts online

Negative Effects of Philip Ii Reign in Spain

The difficulties in mitigating the effects of climate change in the current world, the importance of adapting to changes in "things fall apart" by chinua achebe, heraclitus argument: change is consistent, let us write you an essay from scratch.

450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

The Evolution of Prosthetics History

The power of change: how you can change the world, the grande coupure era: how it changed everything, ian crouch’s opinion regarding the washington redskins name choice, get a personalized essay in under 3 hours.

Expert-written essays crafted with your exact needs in mind

Choosing Blue Skies Over Grey Ones on Creative Writing

Redefine your path and change your life, the issue and importance of organizational change, traveling changes your thought process, video "story of change", an assessment of land use land cover change in central highland, materialization for positive habit formation, stay fit this monsoon with simple changes in diet, environmental change impact on drought and water crisis in iran, environmental change and organizational adaptation, a habit i would like to change: insufficient time management, invasive effects of prosopis juliflora, the review of "east of the river", don’t let plastics completely overhaul the humanity, structure of the pentium microprocessor, texts that transformed sociopolitical changes in the world, how identification of genes and genetic expression can contribute to nutritional assessment, the switch up in my life, changes in the french luxury market, computers – machines that changed the society and continue to do it, relevant topics.

Future Plan
Reconstruction

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

Instructions Followed To The Letter
Deadlines Met At Every Stage
Unique And Plagiarism Free

Your Article Library

Essay on social change: meaning, characteristics and other details.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is your essay on Social Change!

Introduction:

Change is the internal law. History and science bear ample testimony to the fact that change is the law of life. Stagnation is death. They tell us stories of man’s rise and growth from the Paleolithic age to the Neolithic age, then to the Stone Age and next to the copper age etc. On the stage of the world, scenes follow scenes, acts follow acts, and drama follows drama. Nothing stands still.

Image Courtesy : 2.bp.blogspot.com/_1-xvEOICRwA/SHQeR5CcI3I/AAAAAAAAAVs/OUtRL2GLZXg/s1600-h/PontmorlaisWest_CircusParade_1948-49_CliveArthur.jpg

The wheel of time moves on and on. The old dies and the young steps into the world. We ring out the old and ring in the new. A child changes into a boy, a boy into a youth and then into a man. The bud changes into a flower. The dawn turns into morning, morning into noon, noon into afternoon and afternoon into night.

It is said, “Today is not yesterday, we ourselves change. No change is permanent, it is subject to change. This is observed in all spares of activity. Change indeed is painful, yet needful”. Flowing water is wholesome, and stagnant water is poisonous. Only when it flows through and alters with changes, it is able to refresh and recreate.

Change is an ever-present phenomenon. It is the law of nature. Society is not at all a static phenomenon, but it is a dynamic entity. It is an ongoing process. The social structure is subject to incessant changes. Individuals may strive for stability, yet the fact remains that society is an every changing phenomenon; growing, decaying, renewing and accommodating itself to changing conditions.

The human composition of societies changes over time, technologies expand, ideologies and values take on new components; institutional functions and structures undergo reshaping. Hence, no society remains complete static. Incessant changeability is very inherent nature of human society.

A social structure is a nexus of present relationships. It exists because social beings seek to maintain it. It continues to exist because men demand its continuance. But the existing social structure is influenced by many factors and forces that inevitably cause it to change. Society is thus subject to continuous change.

The change of man and society has been the central and quite dominant concern of sociology right from the time when it emerged as branch of learning. The concern for social change is of great importance not only in studying past changes but also in investigating ‘future’ developments.

Meaning of Social Change :

Change implies all variations in human societies. When changes occur in the modes of living of individuals and social relation gets influenced, such changes are called social changes.

Social change refers to the modifications which take place in life pattern of people. It occurs because all societies are in a constant state of disequilibrium.

The word ‘change’ denotes a difference in anything observed over some period of time. Hence, social change would mean observable differences in any social phenomena over any period of time.

Social change is the change in society and society is a web of social relationships. Hence, social change is a change in social relationships. Social relationships are social processes, social patterns and social interactions. These include the mutual activities and relations of the various parts of the society. Thus, the term ‘social change’ is used to describe variations of any aspect of social processes, social patterns, social interaction or social organization.

Social change may be defined as changes in the social organization, that is, the structure and functions of the society.

Whenever one finds that a large number of persons are engaged in activities that differ from those which their immediate forefathers were engaged in some time before, one finds a social change.

Whenever human behaviour is in the process of modification, one finds that social change is occurring. Human society is constituted of human beings. Social change means human change, since men are human beings. To change society, as says Davis, is to change man.

Theorists of social change agree that in most concrete sense of the word ‘change’, every social system is changing all the time. The composition of the population changes through the life cycle and thus the occupation or roles changes; the members of society undergo physiological changes; the continuing interactions among member modify attitudes and expectations; new knowledge is constantly being gained and transmitted.

Defining Change:

The question to what social change actually means is perhaps the most difficult one within the scientific study of change. It involves the often neglected query of what ‘kind’ and degree of change in what is to be considered social change.

Most analysts of social change deal with this question implicitly somewhere in their theoretical system or in the context of the latter’s application to some empirical case. For the present purpose it should suffice to examine definitions that are frequently used to conceptualise change.

According to Jones “Social change is a term used to describe variations in, or modifications of any aspect of social processes, social patterns, social interaction or social organization”.

As Kingsley Davis says, “By Social change is meant only such alternations as occur in social organization – that is, the structure and functions of society”.

According to Maclver and Page, “Social change refers to a process responsive to many types of changes; to changes the man in made condition of life; to changes in the attitudes and beliefs of men, and to the changes that go beyond the human control to the biological and the physical nature of things”.

Morris Ginsberg defines, “By social change, I understand a change in social structure, e.g., the size of the society, the composition or the balance of its parts or the type of its organization”.

P. Fairchild defines social change as “variations or modifications in any aspects of social process, pattern or form.

B. Kuppuswamy says, “Social change may be defined as the process in which is discernible significant alternation in the structure and functioning of a particular social system”.

H.M. Johnson says, “Social change is either change in the structure or quasi- structural aspects of a system of change in the relative importance of coexisting structural pattern”.

According to Merrill and Eldredge, “Change means that large number of persons are engaging in activities that differ from those which they or their immediate forefathers engaged in some time before”.

Anderson and Parker define, “Social change involves alternations in the structure or functioning of societal forms or processes themselves”.

According to M.D. Jenson, “Social change may be defined as modification in ways of doing and thinking of people.

As H.T. Mazumdar says, “Social change may be defined as a new fashion or mode, either modifying or replacing the old, in the life of people or in the operation of a society”.

According Gillin and Gillin, “Social changes are variations from the accepted modes of life; whether due to alternation in geographical conditions, in cultural equipment, composition of the population or ideologies and brought about by diffusion, or inventions within the group.

By analyzing all the definitions mentioned above, we reach at the conclusion that the two type of changes should be treated as two facts of the same social phenomenon. Two type of changes are e.g. (i) changes in the structure of society, (ii) changes in the values and social norms which bind the people together and help to maintain social order. These two type of changes should not, however, be treated separately because a change in one automatically induces changes in the other.

For example, a change in the attitude of the people may bring about changes in the social structure. Towards the close of the 19 century, there was a tendency in the countries of Western Europe for families to grow smaller in size. There is a general agreement that this has been brought about mainly by voluntary restriction of births”.

In this case, a change in the attitude of the people is mainly responsible for change in the social structure. On the other hand, a change in the social structure may bring about attitudinal change among the members of the society. Transformation of rural society into industrial society is not simply a change in the structure of society. For example, industrialisation has destroyed domestic system of production.

The destruction of domestic system of production has brought women from home to factory and office. The employment of women gave them a new independent outlook. The attitude of independence instead of dependence upon men has become the trait of women’s personally. Hence, these two type of changes should not be treated separately but both of them should be studied together.

The problem of social change is one of the central foci of sociological inquiry. It is so complex and so significant in the life of individual and of society that we have to explore the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of social change in all its ramifications.

Characteristics of Social Change :

The fact of social change has fascinated the keenest minds and still poses some of the great unsolved problems in social sciences. The phenomenon of social change is not simple but complex. It is difficult to understand this in its entirety. The unsolved problems are always pressurising us to find an appropriate answer. To understand social change well, we have to analyse the nature of social change which are as follows:

1. Social Change is Social:

Society is a “web of social relationships” and hence social change obviously means a change in the system of social relationships. Social relationships are understood in terms of social processes and social interactions and social organizations.

Thus, the term social change is used to describe variation in social interactions, processes and social organizations. Only that change can be called social change whose influence can be felt in a community form. The changes that have significance for all or considerable segment of population can be considered as social change.

2. Social Change is Universal:

Change is the universal law of nature. The social structure, social organization and social institutions are all dynamic. Social change occurs in all societies and at all times. No society remains completely static.

Each society, no matter how traditional and conservative, is constantly undergoing change. Just as man’s life cannot remain static, so does society of all places and times. Here adjustment take place and here conflict breaks down adjustment. Here there is revolution and here consent. Here men desire for achieving new goals, and here they return to old ones.

3. Social Change occurs as an Essential law:

Change is the law of nature. Social change is also natural. Change is an unavoidable and unchangeable law of nature. By nature we desire change. Our needs keep on changing to satisfy our desire for change and to satisfy these needs, social change becomes a necessity. The truth is that we are anxiously waiting for a change. According to Green, “The enthusiastic response of change has become almost way of life.

4. Social Change is Continuous:

Society is an ever-changing phenomenon. It is undergoing endless changes. It is an “ongoing process”. These changes cannot be stopped. Society is subject to continuous change. Here it grows and decays, there it finds renewal, accommodates itself to various changing conditions.

Society is a system of social relationship. But these social relationships are never permanent. They are subject to change. Society cannot be preserved in a museum to save it from the ravages of time. From the dawn of history, down to this day, society has been in flux.

Social change manifests itself in different stages of human history. In ancient times when life was confined to caves (Stone Age), the social system was different from that of the computer age today. There is no fixity in human relationships. Circumstances bring about many a change in the behaviour patterns.

5. Social Change Involves No-Value Judgement:

Social change does not attach any value judgement. It is neither moral nor immoral, it is amoral. The question of “what ought to be” is beyond the nature of social change. The study of social change involves no-value judgement. It is ethically neutral. A correct decision on what is empirically true is not the same as correct decision on what ought to be.

6. Social Change is Bound by Time Factors:

Social change is temporal. It happens through time, because society exists only as a time-sequences. We know its meaning fully only by understanding it through time factors. For example, the caste system which was a pillar of stability in traditional Indian society, is now undergoing considerable changes in the modern India.

There was less industrialisation in India during 50s. But in 90s, India has become more industrialized. Thus, the speed of social change differs from age to age. The reason is that the factors which cause social change do not remain uniform with the changes in time.

7. Rate and Tempo of Social Change is Uneven:

Though social change is a must for each and every society, the rate, tempo, speed and extent of change is not uniform. It differs from society to society. In some societies, its speed is rapid; in another it may be slow. And in some other societies it occurs so slowly that it may not be noticed by those who live in them. For example, in the modern, industrial urban society the speed and extent of change is faster than traditional, agricultural and rural society.

8. Definite Prediction of Social Change is Impossible:

It is very much difficult to make out any prediction on the exact forms of social change. A thousand years ago in Asia, Europe and Latin America the face of society was vastly different from that what exists today. But what the society will be in thousand years from now, no one can tell.

But a change there will be. For example, industrialisation and urbanisation has brought about a series of interrelated changes in our family and marriage system. But we cannot predict the exact forms which social relationships will assume in future. Similarly, what shall be our ideas, attitudes and value in future, it is unpredictable.

9. Social Change Shows Chain-Reaction Sequences:

Society is a dynamic system of interrelated parts. Changes in one aspect of life may induce a series of changes in other aspects. For example, with the emancipation of women, educated young women find the traditional type of family and marriage not quite fit to their liking.

They find it difficult to live with their parents-in-law, obeying the mother-in-law at every point. They desire separate homes. The stability of marriages can no longer be taken for granted. The changing values of women force men to change their values also. Therefore, society is a system of interrelated parts. Change in its one aspect may lead to a series of changes in other aspects of the society.

10. Social Change takes place due to Multi-Number of Factors:

Social change is the consequence of a number of factors. A special factor may trigger a change but it is always associated with other factors that make the triggering possible. Social change cannot be explained in terms of one or two factors only and that various factors actually combine and become the ’cause’ of the change. M. Ginsberg observes: “A cause is an assemblage of factors which, in interaction with each other, undergo a change”. There is no single master key by which we can unlock all the doors leading to social change. As a matter of fact, social change is the consequence of a number of factors.

11. Social Changes are Chiefly those of Modifications or of Replacement:

Social changes may be considered as modifications or replacements. It may be modification of physical goods or social relationships. For example, the form of our breakfast food has changed. Though we eat the same basic materials such as meats, eggs corn etc. which we ate earlier, their form has been changed.

Ready-to-eat cornflakes, breads, omelets are substituted for the form in which these same materials were consumed in earlier years. Further, there may be modifications of social relationships. For example, the old authoritarian family has become the small equalitarian family. Our attitudes towards women’s status and rights, religion, co-education etc. stand modified today.

12. Social Change may be Small-scale or Large-scale:

A line of distinction is drawn between small-scale and large scale social change. Small-scale change refers to changes within groups and organizations rather than societies, culture or civilization.

According W.E. Moore, by small-scale changes we shall mean changes in the characteristics of social structures that though comprised within the general system identifiable as a society, do not have any immediate and major consequences for the generalised structure (society) as such.

13. Short-term and Long-term Change:

The conceptualization of the magnitude of change involves the next attribute of change, the time span. That is to say, a change that may be classified as ‘small-scale from a short-term perspective may turn out to have large-scale consequences when viewed over a long period of time, as the decreasing death rate since the 1960 in India exemplifies.

14. Social Change may be Peaceful or Violent:

At times, the attribute ‘peaceful’ has been considered as practically synonymous with ‘gradual’ and ‘violent’ with ‘rapid’. The term ‘violence’ frequently refers to the threat or use of physical force involved in attaining a given change. In certain sense, rapid change may ‘violently’ affect the emotions, values and expectations of those involved.

According to W.E. Moore, “A ‘true’ revolution, a rapid and fundamental alternation in the institutions or normative codes of society and of its power distribution, is rapid and continuous by definition and is likely to be violent, but may well be orderly as opposed to erratic”.

‘Peaceful’ has to do with the changes that take place by consent, acceptance or acquisition and that are enforced by the normative restraints of society.

15. Social Change may be Planned or Unplanned:

Social change may occur in the natural course or it is done by man deliberately. Unplanned change refers to change resulting from natural calamities, such as famines and floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruption etc. So social change is called as the unchangeable law of nature. The nature is never at rest.

Planned social change occurs when social changes are conditioned by human engineering. Plans, programmes and projects are made by man in order to determine and control the direction of social change.

Besides that by nature human beings desire change. The curiosity of a man never rests; nothing checks his desire to know. There is always a curiosity about unknown. The needs of human beings are changing day by day. So to satisfy these needs they desire change.

16. Social Change may be Endogenous or Exogenous:

Endogenous social change refers to the change caused by the factors that are generated by society or a given subsystem of society. Conflict, communication, regionalism etc. are some of the examples of endogenous social change.

On the other hand, exogenous sources of social change generally view society as a basically stable, well-integrated system that is disrupted or altered only by the impact of forces external to the system (e.g., world situation, wars, famine) or by new factors introduced into the system from other societies. For example, technological transfer and brain drain, political and cultural imperialism may lead to the diffusion of cultural traits beyond the limits of single societies.

17. Change Within and Change of the System:

The distinction between kinds of change has been developed by Talcott Parsons in his analysis of change ‘within’ and change ‘of the system, i.e., the orderly process of ongoing change within the boundaries of a system, as opposed to the process resulting in changes of the structure of the system under consideration. Conflict theorists draw our attention to the fact that the cumulative effect of change ‘within’ the system may result in a change ‘of’ the system.

To conclude, some of the attributes most frequently used in describing change are: magnitude of change (small-scale, large-scale changes), time pan, direction, rate of change, amount of violence involved. These dimensions should not be taken as either/or attributes but rather as varying along a continuum from one extreme to another (e.g., revolutionary vs evolutionary).

Other categorization that have been devised involve division of changes on the basis of such characteristics as continuous vs spasmodic, orderly vs erratic and the number of people (or roles) affected by or involved in change.

Although no hard and fast categories have yet been developed into which we can fit different types of change, the use of the foregoing distinctions, may be helpful in clarifying one’s conceptualization of any type of change or at least, they can help one to understand the complexities involved in developing a definition of the subject of social change.

Social Evolution :

In explaining the concept of social change, sociologists from time to time used words and expressions like evolution, growth, progress, development, revolution, adaptation etc. discarding one in preference to the other.

Though the concept of evolution was known to the generation preceding the publication of Darwin’s “Origin of Species”, the notion of social evolution was taken directly from the theories of biological evolution. Evolution in biological science means the developing of an organism.

It is a process by which a thing continuously adopts itself to its environment and manifests its own nature. Consequently it is a change which permeates the whole character of the object. Many social theorists from Herbert Spencer to Sumner applied this conception of ‘organic evolution’ in various ways to the explanation of social change.

The term ‘evolution’ is borrowed from biological sciences to Sociology. The term ‘organic evolution’ is replaced by ‘social evolution’ in sociology. Whereas the term ‘organic evolution’ is used to denote the evolution of organism, the expression of ‘social evolution is used to explain the evolution of human society.

It was hoped that the theory of social evolution would explain the origin and development of man. Anthropologists and Sociologists wanted to find a satisfactory and significant explanation of how our society evolved.

They were very much impressed by the idea of organic evolution which explain how one species evolves into another, and wanted to apply the same to the social world. Hence, the concept of social evolution is quite popular in sociological discussion.

Sociologists adopted the word ‘evolution’ to convey the sense of growth and change in social institutions. Social institutions are the result of evolution. They began to work to trace the origin of the ideas, institutions and of the developments.

The term ‘evolution’ is derived from the Latin word ‘evolvere’ which means to ‘develop’ or ‘to unfold’. It is equivalent to the Sanskrit word ‘Vikas’. Evolution literally means gradually ‘unfolding’ or ‘unrolling’. It indicates changes from ‘within’ and not from ‘without’. The concept of evolution applies more precisely to the internal growth of an organism.

Evolution means more than growth. The word ‘growth’ connotes a direction of change but only of quantitative character e.g., we say population grows, town grows etc. But evolution involves something more intrinsic; change not merely in size but also in structure.

According to Maclver and Page, “Evolution involves something more intrinsic, a change not merely in size but at least in structure also”.

Ogburn and Nimkoff write, “Evolution is merely a change in a given direction”.

Ginsberg says, “Evolution is defined as a process of change which results in the production of something new but revealing “an orderly continuity in transition”. That is to say, we have evolution when” the series of changes that occur during a period of time appear to be, not a mere succession of changes, but a ‘continuous process’, through which a clear ‘thread of identity runs’.

Evolution describes a series of interrelated changes in a system of some kind. It is a process in which hidden or latent characters of a thing reveal themselves. It is a principle of internal growth. It shows not merely what happens to a thing but also what happens within it. “What is latent becomes manifest in it and what is potential is made actual.”

Evolution is an order to change which unfolds the variety of aspects belonging to the nature of changing object. We cannot speak of evolution when an object or system is changed by forces acting upon it from without. The change must occur within the changing unity.

Characteristics of Social Evolution :

According to Spencer, “Evolution is the integration of matter and concomitant dissipation of motion during which matter passes from an indefinite, incoherent homogeneity to a definite, coherent heterogeneity.” Society, according to his view, is also subject to a similar process of evolution; that is, changing from a state of ‘incoherent homogeneity’ to a state of ‘coherent heterogeneity.’

Evolution is, thus, a gradual growth or development from simple to complex existence. The laws of evolution which were initially fashioned after the findings of charters. Darwin, came to be known as social Darwinism during the nineteenth century.

Spencer’s point of view can best be illustrated by an example. In the beginning, the most primitive stage, every individual lived an individualistic life, trying to know and do things about himself alone.

Every man was more or less similar, in so far as his ignorance about organized social life was concerned. In this sense, the people were homogenous. At that stage, neither they were able to organize their social life, nor could they work together. There was no system; nothing definite, expect their incoherent or loose-group-formations.

Thus, they formed “an indefinite, incoherent homogeneity,” But gradually, their experiences, realizations and knowledge increased. They learnt to live and to work together. The task of social organisation was taken on, division of labour was elaborated; and each found a particular type of work which he could do best. All worked in an organized and definite way towards a definite goal. Thus, a state of “definite, coherent heterogeneity” was reached.

Herbert Spencer has prescribed four important principles of evolution. These principles are:

1. Social evolution is on cultural or human aspect of the law of change of cosmic evolution.

2. Hence, social evolution take place in the same way at all places and progress through some definite and inevitable stages.

3. Social evolution is gradual.

4. Social evolution is progressive.

In addition to this characteristics, other features of social evolution are clearly evident which are discussed below.

Evolution is a Process of Differentiation and Integration:

The concept of evolution as a process of differentiation cum-integration was first developed by the German Sociologists Von Baer and subsequently by Spencer and many others.

(i) In order to understand this statement, i.e. evolution takes place through differentiation and Integration; we have to study the history of a society over a long, period of time. Then we shall find that its associations, institutions, etc” are constantly evolving or developing.

In social evolution, new and ever newer circumstances and problems are constantly appearing. In order to cope with them, new associations and institutions are evolved. For example, a community in a town previously. When the town had been a small community, its management was the responsibility of a Panchayat or a town area committee.

Now that the town has become a big commercial centre, its management is in the hands of a dozer different committees. One of them looks after the educational facilities, another looks after the sanitation, a third is deputed to look after the octroi, while a fourth manages the markets and so on. In this way, this differentiation increases with the evolution of the town.

(ii) But without Integration, this differentiation cannot take one anywhere. Hence, synthesis along with differentiation is necessary. In urban areas one can find various sectarian associations such as Khandayat Kshatriya Mahasabha, Kayastha society, Brahman Samiti, Napita associations etc.

At the same time, one also can find institutions: ‘Arya Samaj’,” etc. which synthesize and compromise associations based on various caste and class distinctions. Today, while new nations are coming into being in the human society, equally strong efforts are being made to create a world society by compromising these nations.

(iii) By virtue of this double processes of differentiation and integration, the efficiency of the society is being constantly increased. Division of labour is the magic word of modern economic evolution. By an increase in the number of associations and institutions in society, work in various spheres is performed more successfully. And because of the process of synthesis, various spheres take advantage of each other’s efficiency also.

Maclver points it out in a very systematic manner. According to him, evolution or differentiation manifests itself in society by (a) a greater division of society by labour, so that thereby a more elaborate system of cooperation, because the energy of more individuals is concentrated on more specific tasks, a more intricate nexus of functional relationships, is sustained within the group; (b) an increase in the number and the variety of functional associations and institutions, so that each is more defined or more limited in the range or character of its service; and (c) a greater diversity and refinement in the instruments of social communication, perhaps above all in the medium of language.

Various sociologists have laid stress on one or another of these aspect of evolution. Thus, Emile Durkheim has insisted on the preeminent importance of the social division of labour as a criterion of social development. Other writers have taken the various aspects together and sought to show that society passes through a definite series of evolutionary stages.

Social Evolution does not always proceed by Differentiation:

Morris Ginsberg writes, “The notion that evolution is a movement from the simple to the complex can be and has been seriously disputed.” In every field where we find the forces of differentiation at work, there the opposite trends are also manifested. For example in the development of languages, where the process of differentiation has been stressed, we have many disconnecting facts.

The modern languages derived from Sanskrit Like Bengali, Gujarati, Telugu and Tamil cannot be compared in their structure with the richness and diversity of their origin. Here the process is not towards differentiation but towards simplification.

In the development of religion too, the transition from fusion to differentiation is difficult to see. On the whole we find that social evolution does not always proceed by differentiation.

However in spite of the various difficulties, the concept of evolution still retains its usefulness. Maclver has strongly supported the principle of social evolution. He has criticised the practice of believing social evolution to be imaginary. Social evolution is a reality. Maclver has given some arguments in favour of the reality of social evolution.

He emphasizes, if we open the pages of History, we find that in the beginning there was no differentiation of institutions within human society or the performance of diverse functions. But latter on, as culture and civilization progressed, differentiation increased and it is even now increasing. This historical fact is an evidence of the extent and element of reality in the principle of social evolution.

Social Evolution and Organic Evolution :

Though ‘social evolution’ is borrowed from the biological concept of ‘organic evolution’, still then these two terms are not one and the same. There are some basic differences between the two which are as follows:

Firstly, organic evolution implies the differentiation in the bodily structure, which is generally in the form of new organs to use for different purpose. But social evolution does not imply this. Man is the centre of social evolution.

He need not have to develop new organ to adjust himself with changed conditions of life. Because man has the capacity of inventing tools, making instruments and devising techniques to control the forces of nature and to adjust himself with the natural conditions. He can look before and after.

Secondly, in organic evolution, the transmission of qualities takes place through biological heredity, i.e. through ‘genes’. But social evolution takes place through ideas, discoveries, inventions and experiences. Here the changes are transmitted mostly through the mental ability and genius of man.

Thirdly, in case of organic evolution only the descending generation is affected by the structural modification, alterations. But in social evolution even the old as well as the new generations are affected by it. For example, invention of new techniques and devices is influencing the present as well as the future generations.

Lastly, the organic evolution is continuous. There can be no break in it. It is continuous because of the irresistible pressure within the organisation and of environment or natural forces. But such a continuity may not be observed in the case of social evolution. It is subject to disruption. It is an intermittent. It lacks continuity.

Social Change and Social Evolution :

Social change is an ever-present phenomenon everywhere. When we speak of social change, we suggest so far no law, no theory, no direction, even no continuity. Social change occurs in all societies and at all times. No society remains completely static. The term ‘social change’ itself is wholly neutral, implying nothing but differences that take place in human interactions and interrelations.

In explaining this concept of social change, modern sociologists from time to time used different words and expressions. Evolution is one of them. Many social theorists form Herbert Spencer to Sumner applied this conception of evolution in various ways to the interpretation of social change. But many modern theorists, particularly American, have abandoned the idea that social change takes place by evolutionary stages.

Evolution describes a series of interrelated changes in a system of some kind. It is a process in which hidden or latent characters of a thing reveal themselves. It shows not merely what happens to a thing but also what happens within it.

Evolution is an order of change which unfolds the variety of aspects belonging to the nature of changing object. We cannot speak of evolution when an object or system is changed by forces acting upon it from without.

The change must occur within the changing unity. Evolution is a process involving a changing adaptation of the object to its environment and a further manifestation of its own nature. Consequently, it is a change permeating the whole character of the object, a sequence in which the equilibrium of its entire structure undergoes modification.

According to Maclver, evolution is not mere change. It is an immanent process resulting in increased complexity and differentiation. He writes, “the Kernel of organic evolution is differentiation, a process in which latent or rudimentary characters take a distinct and variable form within the unity of the organism.”

Maclver further says, evolution or differentiation manifests itself in society by (a) a greater division of labour resulting in great specialization (b) an increase in the number and variety of functional associations, (c) a greater diversity and refinement in the means of social communication. “When these changes are proceeding, society is evolving”, concludes Maclver.

The concept of progress found notable expression in the writings of the French Philosophers such as Turgot, Condorcent and Fancis Bacon of the 18th century and has been a dynamic agent in the social activity of modern man. Sociologists such as Saint Simon, Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer were the earlier exponents of the idea of progress. According Comte, it was the intellectual elite who could bring about an era of progress.

Etymologically, the word progress means “moving forward.” But moving forward or backward, progress or regress are relative terms. If it be remarked that such and such country has progressed, no meaningful information can be extracted from such a statement unless the direction towards which progress has been made be known.

In this way, progress is not mere change. It is a change in particular direction. The word progress cannot be appended to change in every direction. For example, if the condition of agriculture in a particular country worsens and a famine results, it is undeniably a change, but it will not be called progress. Progress means moving forward in the direction of achievement of some aim.

Different thinkers have defined progress in different ways. The important definitions are as follows:

Maclver writes, “By progress we imply not merely direction, but direction towards some final goal, some destination determined ideally not simply by the objective consideration at work.

Lumely defines, “Progress is a change, but it is a change in a desired or approved direction, not in any direction.”

Ginsberg defines progress as “A development or evolution in a direction which satisfies rational criterion of value”.

According to Ogburn, “Progress is a movement towards an objective thought to be desirable by the general group for the visible future.

Burgess writes, “Any change or adoption to an existent environment that makes it easier for a person or group of persons or other organized from of life to live may be said to represent progress”.

Progress means an advance towards some ideally desirable end. Since progress means change for the better it definitely implies a value judgement of highly subjective character. For value, like taste, has no measuring rod.

A particular social change may seem to be progressive to one person to another it may seem retrogression, because they have different values. The concept of social progress is, therefore, subjective but it has reference to an objective condition.

Criteria of Progress :

It is difficult to explain the criteria of progress which are relative to their temporal context. Social values determine progress. Whether any change will be considered as progress or not depends upon the social values. Social values change with time and place. The criteria of progress change with the change of social values. Hence, it is difficult to formulate a universally acceptable criterion of progress. However, the following can be tentatively suggested.

Health and Longevity of Life:

Average length of life is one index of progress whether the world is growing better. But it does not necessarily follow from this that a longer life must be more pleasurable and better.

In the opinion of some persons, wealth or economic progress is a criterion of progress.

Population:

Some people are of the view that an increase in population is a sign of progress. But over-population cannot be a sign of progress.

Moral Conduct:

According to some thinkers, moral conduct is the criterion of progress.

Since life has many facets, it is not possible to formulate any one criterion of progress. But is stated that the integrated development of society is the criterion of progress. Integrated development comprehends all mental, physical and spiritual aspects including above criteria.

Nature of Progress :

By analysing above definitions, we find that progress is a change, a change for the better. When we speak of progress, we simply not merely direction, but direction towards some final goal. The nature of the progress depends upon two factors, the nature of the end and the distance of which we are from it.

The modern writers today speak of social progress though they do not have a single satisfactory explanation of the concept. In order to have a better understanding of the meaning of progress, we have to analyse the following attributes.

1. Progress is Dependent upon Social Values:

Progress dependent upon and is determined by social values. It means that progress does not have precisely the same meaning at all times and places, because values change from time to time. There is no object which can uniformly or eternally be considered valuable irrespective of time and place.

Due to this reason, Maclver and Page have written, “The concept of progress is a chameleon that take on the colour of the environment when we feel adjusted to that environment, and some contrasting colour when we feel maladjusted.

2. There is a Change in Progress:

Change is one of its essential attributes. The concept of progress presupposes the presence of change. Without change, there can be no progress.

3. In Progress the Desired End is Achieved:

The progress is not mere change. It is a change in a particular direction. Broadly speaking, progress means an advance towards some ideally desirable end. It always refers to the changes that leads to human happiness. Not all changes imply progress.

4. Progress is Communal:

Progress from its ethical point of view, may be personal but from the sociological point of view, is communal since sociology is that science of society. In it, the individual is taken into consideration only as a part of society. Only that change, whose influence can be felt on entire community or society for its betterment or welfare, can be called social progress.

5. Progress is Volitional:

Progress does not come about through inactivity. Desire and volition are needed for progress. Efforts have to be made and when these efforts are successful it is called progress. It is an uphill task. It must be remembered that every effort is not progressive.

6. Progress is Variable:

The concept of progress varies from society to society, place to place and from time to time. It does not remain constant in all times and of all places. That which is today considered as the symbol or progress may tomorrow be considered and treated as a sign of regress. For example, in India, free mixing of young boys and girls may be interpreted as an indication of regress, whereas the same may symbolise progress in the Western Countries.

7. Criteria of Progress are Variable:

As stated earlier criteria of progress are relative to their temporal context. Social values determine progress. But social values change with time and place. Therefore, criteria of progress vary from place to place. Further, different scholars have prescribed different criteria of progress. For example, health and longevity have been considered as criteria of progress by some, while other have taken economic security, moral conduct as the criteria of progress.

8. Progress does not have a Measuring Rod:

The term progress is very much subjective and value-loaded. It is not demonstrable with a degree of certainty. We cannot show it to others unless they first accept our evaluations. We may or may not agree that there is progress, but we cannot prove it. Progress is a reality which is immeasurable and undemonstrable. Anything that cannot be demonstrated and measured scientifically cannot be rejected socially. It is especially true in the case of progress.

To conclude, progress conveys the sense of something better and improved. The advancement in technology was opposed to contribute to progress. But, these developments did not carry the sense of progress. It was advancement only in a particular direction.

The comprehensiveness of progress was missing. The extremes of poverty and health, of ignorance and enlightenment had continued to coexist as ever before. Progress as conceived over the ages past, is now considered to be illusive. The end of progress, it has come to be accepted, cannot be determined.

The ‘progress’ in the West did not meet all its ends. It did not bring the fulfillment, that was taken to be its true aim. For this, the use of the term progress was considered inappropriate. The application of the term fell into disfavour. More so, the growing belief that sociology should be value-free also discouraged the use of this expression.

Social Change and Social Progress :

Change is the basic content of both evolution and progress. But the term change is wholly neutral, only suggesting variation in a phenomena over, a period of time. The moment the specifications like direction, desirability, and value-judgement are added to change, another terminology ‘progress’ becomes necessary to describe the process of change.

Progress is not mere change. It is a change in particular direction. It cannot be appended to change in every direction. The word progress means moving forward in the direction and achievement of some desired goal. It is certainly a change, a change for the better not for the worse. The concept of progress always involves and implies value judgement. It is not possible to speak of progress without reference to standards. Not all changes imply progress.

But social change is a generic term, an objective term describing one of the fundamental processes. There is no value-judgement attached to it. It is true that some changes are beneficial to mankind and some are harmful.

But social change is neither moral nor immoral, but amoral. The study of social change involves no value-judgement, while the concept of social progress implies values judgement. Social progress means improvement, betterment, moving to a higher level from a lower level.

Social Evolution and Social Progress :

In the earlier theories of biological evolution, the concept of social evolution was intimately connected with social progress. For the social evolutionists of the nineteenth century from Auguste Comte to Herbert Spencer and Lester F. Ward, social evolution was, in effect, social progress. Modern sociologists, particularly Americans, do not hold this proposition.

They point out that evolution does not mean progress, because when a society is more evolved it does not necessarily follow that it is more progressive. If it would have been progressive, Maclver and Page remark that people in the more evolved society are better or better fitted to survive or more moral or more healthy than those we call primitive. Even if the opposite were true, it would not refute the fact that their society is more evolved.”

Social evolution should also be distinguished from social progress. Firstly L.T. Hobhouse says, evolution means a sort of growth while .social progress means the growth of social life in respect of those qualities to which human beings attach or can rationally attach value. The relation between the two is thus a ‘genus-species’ relation.

Social progress is only one among many possibilities of social evolution; any or every form of social evolution is not a form of social progress. For example, caste system in India is a product of social evolution. But it does not signify progress. Hobhouse concludes, “that it is good, the fact that society has evolved is no proof that it progressed.

Secondly, evolution is merely change in a given direction. It describes a series of interrelated changes in a system of some kind. It refers to an objective condition which is not evaluated as good or bad. On the contrary, progress means change in a direction determined ideally. In other words, it can be said, progress means change for the better not for the worse.

It implies a value-judgement. The evolutionary process may move in accordance with our notion of desirable change, but there is no logical necessity that it should. The concept of progress necessarily involves a concept of end. And the concept of end varies with the mentality and experience of the individual and the group.

The affirmation of evolution “depends on our perception of objective evidences, whereas the affirmation or denial of progress depends on our ideals.” It follows that evolution is a scientific concept and progress is an ethical concept. Evolution is a demonstrable reality; out the term progress is very much subjective and value-loaded and is not demonstrable with a degree of certainty.

While social evolution is clearly distinguished from social progress, we must not loose sight of their relationships. Ethical valuations or ideas (Progress) are socially determined and hence determine the objective phenomena (Evolution) of society. They have always been powerful in shaping and moving the world. In some manner they are active in every process of social change. “All social change has this double character.”

From the above analysis we find, though the above three concepts, social change, social evolution and social progress share many common reference points, they have different intellectual framework. They all articulate same consequential effects.

In all the three processes, one cause produces a number of effects, the effect and cause get intermixed to produce other new effects, again new connections between cause and effect are established and so on goes the process.

Factors of Social Change :

A sociological explanation of change refers not only to the structure that changes but also the factors that effect such a change. Social change has occurred in all societies and in all periods of time. We should, therefore, know what the factors are that produce change. Of course there is little consensus among the representatives of theoretical proposition on the sources.

Besides, the linear as well as the cyclical theorists paid little attention to the determinations of factors involved in social change. Morris Ginsberg has made a systematic analysis of the factors which have been invoked by different writers to explain social change.

Here, our analysis is confined to sociological implantation of the origins and causes of change. Cause will be defined here as set of related factors which, taken together, are both sufficient and necessary for the production of a certain effect.

Attempt has been made to take up each factors of social change by itself and find out the way in which it effects social change. These factors are treated independently, purely for purpose of understanding and we are not of the view that they can influence social change independent of other factors.

Technological Factor :

Technological factor constitute one important source of social change. Technology, an invention, is a great agent of social change. It either initiates or encourages social change. Technology alone holds the key to change. When the scientific knowledge is applied to the problems of life, it becomes technology. In order to satisfy his desires, to fulfill his needs and to make his life more comfortable, man builds civilisation.

The dawn of this new civilization is the single most explosive fact of our lifetimes. It is the central event, the key to the understanding of the years immediately ahead. We have already crossed the first wave (agricultural revolution). We are now the children of the next transformation i.e. the third wave.

We go forward to describe the full power and reach of this extraordinary change. Some speak of a “Looming Space Age”, “Information Age”, “Electronic Era”, or “Global ‘ Village”. Brezezinski has told us, we face a “Technetronic Age”. Sociologist Daniel Bell describes the coming of a “Post-Industrial Society”. Soviet futurists speak of the STR-‘The Scientific-Technological Revolution”. Alvin Toffler has written extensively about the arrival of a “Super Industrial Society”.

Technology is fast growing. Every technological advance makes it possible for us to attain certain results with less effort, at less cost and at less time. It also provides new opportunities and establishes new conditions of life. The social effects of technology are far-reaching.

In the words of W.F. Ogburn, “technology changes society by changing our environment to which we in turn adapt. This change is usually in the material environment and the adjustment that we make with these changes often modifies our customs and social institutions”.

Ogburn and Nimkoff have pointed that a single invention may have innumerable social effects. According to them, radio, for example, has influenced our entertainment, education, politics, sports, literature, knowledge, business, occupation and our modes of organisation. They have given a list consisting of 150 effects of radio in U.S.A.

The pace of change in the modern era is easily demonstrated by reference to rates of technological development. The technological revolution enabled human kind to shift from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture and later to develop civilizations.

Technological revolutions enabled societies to industrialize urbanize, specialize, bureaucratize, and take on characteristics that are considered central aspects of modern society. “Modern technology,” remarks the economic historian David Landes, “produces not only more, faster; it turns out objects that could not have been produced under any circumstances by the craft methods of yesterday.

Most important, modern technology has created things that could scarcely have been conceived in the pre-industrial era the camera, the motor car, the aeroplane, the whole array of electronic devices from the radio to the high speed computer, the nuclear power plant, and so on almost adinfinitum…. The result has been an enormous increase in the output and variety of goods and services, and this alone has changed man’s way of life more than anything since the discovery of fire…”

Every technological revolution has brought about increase in the world population. Development and advancement of agriculture resulted in the increase of population in the agricultural communities; rise of commerce gave birth to the populous towns, international trade and international contact and the industrial revolution set the human society on the new pedestal.

Technological changes have influenced attitudes, beliefs and traditions. The factory system and industrialization, urbanization and the rise of working class, fast transport and communication have demolished old prejudices, dispelled superstitions, weakened casteism, and has given rise to the class based society.

Ogborn even goes to the extent of suggesting that the starter in motor car had something to do with the emancipation of women in the America and Western Europe. Development in transport and communication has changed the outlook of the people.

Railways in India have played tremendous role in bringing about social mixing of the people. It has helped people to move out of their local environments and take up jobs in distant corners of the country. Movement of people from East to West and North to South has broken social and regional barriers.

There have come into existence new vocations and trades. People have begun to give up their traditional occupations and are taking to work in the factories and in the offices-commercial as well as Government. This has also made possible the vertical mobility.

A person can now aspire to take up an occupation with higher status than he could have ever thought of in the pre-technological days. Technology has brought about Green Revolution with abundance and variety for the rich.

The rapid changes of every modern society are inextricably interwoven or connected with and somehow dependent upon the development of new techniques, new inventions, new modes of production and new standards of living.

Technology thus is a great bliss. It has made living worthwhile for the conveniences and comfort it provides, and has created numerous vocations, trades and professions. While, giving individual his rightful place, it has made the collectivity supreme.

Technologies are changing and their social consequences are profound. Fundamental changes brought by technology in social structure are discussed as under:

1. Birth of Factory System:

The introduction of machines in the industry has replaced the system of individual production by the factory or mill system. It has led to the creation of huge factories which employ thousands of people and where most of the work is performed automatically.

2. Urbanisation:

The birth of gigantic factories led to urbanisation and big cities came into existence. Many labourers, who were out of employment in rural areas migrated to the sites to work and settled around it. As the cities grew, so did the community of ‘labourers and with it was felt the need for all civic amenities which are essential for society. Their needs were fulfilled by establishing market centers, schools, colleges, hospitals, and recreation clubs. The area further developed when new business came to it with the formation of large business houses.

3. Development of New Agricultural Techniques:

The introduction of machinery into the industry led to the development of new techniques in agriculture. Agricultural production was increased due to the use of new chemical manure. The quality was also improved by the use of superior seeds. All these factors resulted in increase of production. In India, the effect of technology is most apparent in this direction because India is preeminently an agricultural country.

4. Development of Means of Transportation and Communication:

With the development of technology, means of transportation and communication progressed at a surprising rate. These means led to the mutual exchanges between the various cultures. Newspapers, radios, televisions etc. helped to bring news from every corner of the world right into the household. The development of the car, rail, ship and aeroplane made transportation of commodities much easier. As a result national and international trade made unprecedented progress.

5. Evolution of New Classes:

Industrialisation and urbanisation gave birth to the emergence of new classes in modern society. Class struggle arises due to division of society into classes having opposite-interests.

6. New Conceptions and Movements:

The invention of mechanism has also culminated in the generation of new currents in the prevalent thinking. ‘Trade Union’ movements, ‘Lockouts’, ‘Strikes”, “Hartals’, ‘Processions’, ‘Pen down’ became the stocks-in-trade of those who want to promote class interest. These concepts and movements become regular features of economic activity.

The effects of technology on major social institution may be summed up in the following manner:

Technology has radically changed the family organisation and relation in several ways.

Firstly, small equalitarian nuclear family system based on love, equality, liberty and freedom is replacing the old, authoritarian joint family system. Due to invention of birth, control method, the size of family reduced.

Secondly, Industrialisation destroying the domestic system of production has brought women from home to the factories and office. The employment of women meant their independence from the bondage of man. If brought a change in their attitudes and ideas. It meant a new social life for women. It consequently affected every part of the family life.

Thirdly due to technology, marriage has lost its sanctity. It is now regarded as civil contract rather than a religious sacrament. Romantic marriage, inter-caste marriage and late marriages are the effects of technology. Instances of divorce, desertion, separation and broken families are increasing.

Lastly, though technology has elevated the status of women, it has also contributed to the stresses and strains in the relations between men and women at home. It has lessened the importance of family in the process of socialisation of its members.

Technology has effected wide range of changes in our religious life. Many religious practices and ceremonies which once marked the individual and social life, have now been abandoned by them. With the growth of scientific knowledge and modern education, the faith of the people in several old religious beliefs and activities have shaken.

Economic life:

The most striking change due to technological advance, is the change in economic organisation. Industry has been taken away from the household and new types of economic organisation like factories, stores, banks, joint stock companies, stock-exchanges, and corporation have been setup. It has given birth to capitalism with all its attendant evils.

Division of labour, specialization of function, differentiation and integration all the products of technology. Though it has brought in higher standard of living, still then by creating much more middle classes, it has caused economic depression, unemployment, poverty, industrial disputes and infectious diseases.

Effects on State:

Technology has affected the State in several ways. The functions of the State has been widened. A large number of functions of family, such as educative, recreation, health functions have been transferred to the State.

The idea of social welfare State is an offshoot of technology. Transportation and communication are leading to a shift of functions from local Government to the Central Government. The modern Government which rule through the bureaucracy have further impersonalised the human relations.

Social life:

Technological innovations have changed the whole gamut of social and cultural life. The technological conditions of the modern factory system tend to weaken the rigidity of the caste system and strengthen industrializations. It has changed the basis of social stratification from birth to wealth. Urbanization, a consequence of technological advance, produces greater emotional tension and mental strain, instability and economic insecurity.

There is masking of one’s true feelings. Socially, the urbanites are poor in the midst of plenty. “They feel lonely in the crowd”. On all sides, one is confronted with “human machines which possess motion but not sincerity, life but not emotion, heart but not feelings”. Technology has grown the sense of individualism. It has substituted the ‘handi work’ with ‘head work’.

It is clear from the above explanation that technology has profoundly altered our modes of life and also thought. It is capable of bringing about vast changes in society. But is should not be considered as a sole factor of social change. Man is the master as well as a servant of the machine. He has the ability to alter the circumstances which have been the creation of his own inventions or technology.

Cultural Factor of Social Change :

Among all the factors, cultural factor is the most important which works as a major cause of social change. Culture is not something static. It is always in flux. Culture is not merely responsive to changing techniques, but also it itself is a force directing social change.

Culture is the internal life forces of society. It creates itself and develops by itself. It is men who plan, strive and act. The social heritage is never a script that is followed slavishly by people. A culture gives cues and direction to social behaviour.

Technology and material inventions may influence social change but direction and degree of this depends upon the cultural situation as a whole. “Culture is the realm of final valuation”. Men interpret the whole world. He is the master as well as the servant of his own inventions or technology.

To employ Maclver’s simile, technological means may be represented by a ship which can set sail to various ports. The port we sail to remains a cultural choice. Without the ship we could not sail at all. According to the character of the ship we sail fast of ‘slow, take longer or shorter voyages.

Our lives are also accommodated to the conditions on ship board and our experiences vary accordingly. But the direction in which we travel is not predestinated by the design of the ship. The port to which we sail, the direction in which we travel, remains totally of a cultural choice.

It should be noted that technology alone cannot bring vast changes in society. In order to be effective “The technology must have favourable cultural support”. When the cultural factor responds to technological change, it also reacts on it so as to influence the direction and character of social change.

It may be noted that culture not only influences our relationship and values but also influences the direction and character of technological change. For example, different countries like Great Britain, Soviet Union, U.S.A. and India may adopt the same technology, but in so far as their prevalent outlook on life differs, they will apply it in different directions and to different ends.

The atomic energy can be used for munition of war and for production purposes. The industrial plant can turn out armaments or necessaries of life. Steel and iron can be used for building purposes and for warships. Fire can be used for constructive and destructive purposes.

For a better understanding of the relationship between culture and technology, let us analyse here the concept of “cultural lag”.

Cultural Lag:

The concept of ‘cultural lag’, has become a favourite one with sociologists, it is an expression that has a particular appeal in an age in which inventions discoveries and innovations of many kinds are constantly disturbing and threatening older ways of living. In this context, it will serve also to introduce the principle that cultural conditions are themselves important agencies in the process of social change.

The concept of ‘cultural lag’ was first explicitly formulated by W.F. Ogburn in his treaties entitled ‘Social Change’. Lag means crippled movement. Hence, ‘cultural lag’ means the phases of culture which fall behind other phases that keep on moving ahead.

Ogburn’s idea of ‘cultural lag’ is perhaps one of the most important concept influencing the fact of discussion regarding technology and social change. Ogburn distinguishes between “material” and ‘non-material’ culture.

By ‘material culture’ he means things which are ‘tangible’, visible, seen or touched like goods, tools, utensils, furniture, machine. But the ‘non-material’ culture includes things which cannot be touched or tangible such as family, religion, skill, talent. Government and education etc.

According to Ogburn, when changes occur in ‘material culture’, those in turn stimulate changes in ‘non-material’ culture, particularly in what he terms the ‘adaptive’ culture. According to Ogburn, material culture changes by a process which is different in pace from changes in non-material culture.

The larger the technological knowledge of a society, the greater the possibility of a new combinations and innovations. Thus, material culture tends to grow exponentially. Because society cannot develop methods of controlling and utilizing new technology before the technology is accepted and used. There exists a “cultural lag” in creating controls and altering social relationship related to new conditions brought about by new technology.

Cultural lag is due to man’s psychological dogmatism. He is wedded to certain ideologies regarding sex, education and religion. On account of his dogmatic beliefs and ideologies, he is not prepared to change his social institutions. The failure to adopt social institutions to the changes in the material culture leads to cultural lag.

But Maclver points out that “unfortunately it is often adopted without adequate analysis and consequently it has not been developed in a clear and effective manner. According to him, the distinction is not a workable one. Nor again should be assumed that, it is always the ‘material’ or that the main problem is one of adapting the ‘non-material’ to the ‘material’ culture.

Maclver also observes that the term ‘lag’ is not properly applicable to relations between technological factors and the cultural patterns or between the various components of the cultural pattern itself. He has used different words like, ‘technological lag’, ‘technological restraint’, for the resulting imbalance in the different parts of culture.

Kingsley Davis, in his ‘Human Society’ holds that the aspect of culture cannot be divided into material and non-material and that this distinction in no way helps us to understand the nature of technology. Other sociologists, Sutherland, Wood Ward and Maxwell, in their book ‘Introductory Sociology’ point out that Ogburn is guilty of over simplifying the processes of social change.

Social change is a complex phenomenon. The rate, speed and direction of social change is not the same everywhere. So it cannot be explained by simply saying that change first takes place in material culture and thereafter in non-material culture. Ogburn has taken an over simple materialistic view of society.

In spite of various shortcomings, Ogburn’s theory of cultural lag has been proved to be beneficial for the understanding of the cultural factor in bringing about social change. It has been acknowledged by all that there is an intimate connections between the technological advance and our cultural values.

Hence, we may note here that our culture, our thoughts, values, habits are the consequences of technological changes; the latter also is the consequences of changes of the former. Both technology and cultural factors are the two important sources of social change. The two are not only interdependent but also interactive. Man does not simply want a thing but he wants a thing which may also be beautiful and appealing to his senses.

Dowson and Gettys, in introduction to Sociology’, rightly remark, “Culture tends to give direction and momentum to social change to set limits beyond which social change cannot occur.

It is the culture which has kept the social relationship intact. It makes people think not of their own but also of the others. Any change in cultural valuation will have wider repercussion on the personality of the individual and the structure of the group. Every technological invention, innovation, new industrial civilization or new factor disturbs an old adjustment.

The disturbance created by mechanism was so great that it seemed to be the enemy of culture, as indeed all revolutions seem. The wealth-bringing machine brought also, ugliness, shoddiness, haste, standardization. It brought new hazards, new diseases, and industrial fatigue.

That was not the fault of the machines and power plants. It was due to the ruthlessness and greed of those who controlled these great inventions. But human values or cultural values reasserted themselves against economic exploitation. Culture began, at first very slowly, to redirect the new civilization. It made the new means of living at length more tractable to the uses of personality and new arts blossomed on the ruins of the old.

To conclude, social systems are directly or indirectly the creation of cultural values. So eminent sociologist Robert Bierstedt has rightly remarked, “What people think, in short, determines in every measure… what they do and what they want”. Thus, there a definite relation is a definite relation between changing beliefs and attitudes and changing social institutions. So Hobhouse says, there is “a broad correlation between the system of institutions and mentally behind them”.

Demographic Factor of Social Change:

The demographic factor plays the most decisive role in causing social change. The quantitative view of demography takes into account the factors that determine the population: its size, numbers, composition, density and the local distribution etc.

The population of every community is always changing both in numbers and in composition. The changes in population have a far-reaching effect on society. During the 19th century, the population of most countries of Western Europe fell down. During the same time also, the death rate of these countries declined. This double phenomenon is unprecedented in the history of man.

Population changes have occurred all through human history. It is due to various reasons such as migration, invasion, and war, pestilence, changing food supply and changing mores. There was depopulation and overpopulation in times past. The swift and steady decline of both the birth rate and death in the past 70 years or so witnesses to a great social transformation.

In a society where the size or number of female children is greater than the number of male children, we will find a different system of courtship, marriage and family disorganisation from that where the case is reverse. Women command less respect in that community where their numbers are more.

It has always been recognised that there exists a reciprocal relation between population and social structure. The social structure influences population changes and is affected by them. It is beyond doubt that economic conditions and population rates are interdependent. Increasing 254 Social Change interaction results from an increase in the size and density of population. Increase in population also leads to an increase of social differentiation and a division of labour.

With the changes in size, number and density of population, changes take place in composition. The most important reasons for the contemporary population explosion are the tremendous technological changes on the one hand and a most spectacular advance in controlling the diseases by science and preventive medicines on the other hand.

Advancement in science and technology is indirectly boosting the world population by delaying the death rate. For example, take the case of ‘Malaria’. This disease was responsible for the death of million of people in India and other countries.

But it has now been completely eliminated by destroying the malaria carrying mosquitoes with the use of pesticides. Surgery too has advanced so much today. The vital organs of human body such as kidney and heart can be transplanted or replaced when worn out.

The growth of population has given birth to a great variety of social problems such as unemployment, child labour, wars, competition and production of synthetic goods. It has led to urbanization with all its attendant evils.

Countries with growing population and relatively limited resources have an incentive to imperialism and to militarism. These attitudes in turn, encourage a further increase of population. Increase in population threatens the standards of living and thus inspires a change of attitude.

Due to unprecedented growth of population in the 19th century, the practice of birth control took a new development. This practice (use of contraceptive), in turn, had many repercussions on family relationships and even on attitudes towards marriage.

With a change in population, there is also a change in a pattern of ‘consumption’. Societies having large number of children are required to spend relatively large amounts of money on food and education. On the other hand, societies with large proportions of elderly people have to spend relatively more amount on medical care.

In some cases, population changes may initiate pressures to change political institutions. For example, changes in the age, sex or ethnic composition of a people of then complicates the political process of country.

Besides, there is a close relationship between the growth of population and the level of physical health and vitality of the people. Because there are many mouths to feed, none gets enough nutritious food to eat, as a result chronic malnutrition and associated diseases become prevalent.

These, induce physical incompetence, apathy and lack of enterprise. Due to these people’s low level of physical well-being, they are socially backward and unprogressive. They show their indifference to improve their material welfare. An underfed, disease-ridden people are lethargic people.

Moreover, if the growth of population is checked, it would mean a higher standard of living, the emancipation of women from child-bearing drudgery, better care for the young and consequently a better society.

Demographers have shown that variation in the density of population also affects nature of our social relationship. In a low population density area, the people are said to exhibit a greater degree of primary relationship whereas in the area of high density of population, the relationship between people is said to superficial and secondary. In the opinion of Worth, high density areas witness the growth of mental stress and loneliness of life.

The importance of demography as a factor of social change has been realised by various sociologists and economists. An eminent French sociologist, Emile Durkheim, went on to the extent of developing a new branch of sociology dealing with population which he called “Social Morphology” which not only analyses the size and quality of population but also examine how population affects the quality of social relationships and social groups.

Durkheim has pointed out that our modern societies are not only characterised by increasing division of labour but also specialisation of function. The increasing division of labour and specialization of function have a direct correlation with the increasing density of population. He stresses on the fact that in a simple society with comparatively lesser number of people, the necessity of complex division of labour is less felt.

This society, according to Durkheim, is based on “mechanical solidarity”. But as the groups grow in size and complexity with the increase in population, the “services of the experts” are more required. The society, according to him, moves towards “organic solidarity”. There is, so to say, a drift from mechanical to organic solidarity.

M. David Heer, in his book “Society and Population”, has developed a “theory of demographic transition”. The theory was popularised just after the end of World War-II. It has provided a comprehensive explanation of the effects of economic development both on fertility and mortality decline.

Schneidar and Dornbusch, in their book “Popular Religion”, have pointed that decline in mortality rate evokes several changes in social structure. They have stressed on the point that due to decline in mortality rate in USA since 1875, negative attitude towards religious beliefs have been cultivated by the people.

They also point out that in a society wherein children die before reaching the age of five, parents may not develop a strong emotional attachment to their children and also in a high mortality society, arranged marriages are common, but in a low mortality society love marriages become the dominant feature. Again when mortality rate is high, individual tends to have a weaker orientation towards the future and stronger orientation towards the present.

Thomas Robert Malthus, an English cleargyman, mathematician and economist, was one of the earliest demographers. In his work, “An Essay on the Principles of Population”, published in 1978, he mentioned that under normal conditions, population would grow by geometrical progression, whereas the means of subsistence would grow by arithmetical progression. The imbalance or lag or gap between the two would create a lot of problems for society.

That is why, Malthus has pleaded for two types of checks which can keep the population down. He spoke of hunger and disease as positive check, and late marriage and enforced celibacy as the preventive check.

From the above analysis, we find that demographic factor has been contributing to the great transformations in society’s socioeconomic and political structure throughout human history. For example, most countries in Asia where more than half world population is now living, is characterised by high birth rate. These countries in general and Indian society in particular, are passing through a critical period of great poverty, unemployment and moral degeneration.

The gap between the living standards of general masses of these countries and that of the developed countries is widening. The gap is cruelly frustrating the third world country’s hopes for development.

With the current rate of population increase, it is expected that the total requirements for future health, education, housing and many other welfare needs are bound to increase. This will certainly bring the drastic changes not only in the microstructures, but also in macrostructures of Indian society.

Difference between Social and Cultural Change
Cultural Change: Main Factors and Causes of Cultural Change

No comments yet.

Leave a reply click here to cancel reply..

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Change in the Work Place Essay

Relevance of the topic, why changes don’t succeed.

The article I read was about change in the workplace and it was titled “Leading change: why transformation efforts fail.” The article was written by John P. Kotter in the march April issue of Harvard Business Review in 1995. I read about various things that make it difficult to effect change at the work place or organization. An organization may be as big as a multinational or as small as a sole proprietor’s enterprise. Change is inevitable in the present corporate world; change is required in order to keep up with the human dynamic society. Changer in the work place may occur in varied ways. It may be inform of a worker being promoted, transferred, demoted or fired, some may resign on personal choice, or due to other external factors. Chang may also be inform of change in the policies, change in the management or the product or service being provided by the company which may be accompanied or caused by technological changes.

Yearly, many firms and organizations undergo structural changes or other kinds of changes. These changes may be caused by several factors. John P. Kotter writes that in the decade 1985- 1995, he had watched hundreds of companies trying to re-brand them selves into the best competitors. In making changes some organizations normally register failure while some register success. Most companies lie between failure and success although they lie more to the failure’s side than success’ side. From this past failure important lessons can be drawn and can be used to avoid a repeat of the same in future. Various efforts can be taking in order to avoid such failures. Such measures include: creating a sense of urgency, creating an authoritative guiding coalition, developing a vision, communicating the vision, building capacity in the others to act the vision, programming and developing short term wins, consolidating improvements and developing more change and institutionalizing new methods.

Creating a sense of urgency can be skillfully and timely done through various ways such as proper examination of the markets to establish various factors such the developing trends among other factors. The companies can, the use of a task force, find out the, available opportunities, their limitations and constraints and their potentials. This finding could be useful on whether to go ahead and exploit these opportunities markets or not.

Creating an authoritative guiding coalition may involve formation of a team of competent persons to spearhead the change. The group should further be given incentives to work together as a team in order to achieve the designated goal within the time stipulated.

In development of a vision and communicating the vision it worthy noting that the vision provides the appropriate direction for the change therefore there is great need of developing strategies aimed at achieving the visions. The vision should then be communicated appropriately to employees who can further be thought about it.

Building the capacity of the staff members to take action should is by keenly eliminating the obstacles to change and getting rod of the present systems and structures that are likely to undermine the vision developed. It requires courage to undertake and embrace non traditional ideas and activities. Therefore the employees should be encouraged to take risks.

Programming and developing for predictable improvements should be done and workers who participate in the activities can be encouraged by good salaries in order to keep providing the labor and ideas.

Consolidating improvements and producing more changing requires that the new findings are incorporated by changing of the present structures and policies to soot the vision appropriately. Workers may be promoted or educated in order to fit in the new system appropriately. Some new workers may be hired too.

Institutionalizing the change ensures developing a link between the new development and the joint success and ensuring leadership development and succession.

From the method that can be used to institute change arises the reason for failure if any of the steps is not appropriately handled, for instance, not creating a sense of urgency may make the workers reluctant and thus not achieve the change required. Secondly if there is no authoritative guiding coalition and a vision which is well communicated the workers lack proper guidance and goals to achieve. Guidance and a vision helps create the sense of direction which is otherwise lacking when this two (guidance and vision) are missing. If a vision is present, then it should be communicated effectively so that each worker can understand it appropriately. Lack of communication makes change difficult.

Lack of capacity in the workforce to handle the change is also a limiting factor that stands in the way of change. Workers can’t handle something they don’t understand. They will just spoil it. Once there is no capacity to handle change, programming and developing new wins will become very hard. If the, organization manages to handle the earlier steps but does not develop new wins then the change will still fail.

Consolidation of improvements and producing more change is also another very important step which should be handled very carefully. Failure to equip workers with skills to handle this stage or employ professional’s staff to handle it may spell doom. and finally the changes made should be institutionalized to become successful. Failure to institutionalize their change may amount to failure

John P. Kotter (1995) “Leading change: why transformation efforts fail.” Harvard Business. 2008. Web.

Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 7). Change in the Work Place. https://ivypanda.com/essays/change-in-the-work-place/

"Change in the Work Place." IvyPanda , 7 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/change-in-the-work-place/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Change in the Work Place'. 7 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Change in the Work Place." March 7, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/change-in-the-work-place/.

1. IvyPanda . "Change in the Work Place." March 7, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/change-in-the-work-place/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Change in the Work Place." March 7, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/change-in-the-work-place/.

The Consolidating Steel Industry
The Discrimination of African Americans
Leading Change by John P. Kotter
Kotter’s 8-Step Approach
Management: Kotter and Cohen's Change Model
Leadership in the Management Practice: "Our Iceberg Is Melting" by John Kotter
"What Leaders Really Do?" by John Kotter
"What Leaders Really Do" by J. P. Kotter
Change Management Models: John Paul Kotter and Kurt Lewin
Choosing Strategies of Change by Kotter & Schlesinger
StudentForce for Sustainability: Development Project
La Maison: Organizational Behaviour
Organizational Design: Defenition and Causes to Provide
Organizational Development of The Exley Chemical Company, The OD Letters, The Sundale Club
Organizational Structure and Corporate Responsibility

We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it.

Essay Database >
Essay Examples >
Essays Topics >
Essay on Development

Change: A Top-Quality Essay For Your Inspiration

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Development , Health , Medicine , Nursing , Health Care , Step , Vision , The Change

Words: 3250

Published: 03/30/2023

ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS

Introduction

Change is a perpetual in today’s fast paced world. What is modern today becomes obsolete tomorrow. New technologies mean a change in the way on thinks, learns and gets his information or uses it. Any organization may feel the challenges brought about by those new technologies and why they need to implement them within their culture. Any change within or outside an institution is sure to incite mixed reception and perception among its members and clients. The essay applies a change theory to an organizational-based on Kotter’s change model and plans a change process. The change process will be evaluated for all from Kotter and Cohen's The Heart of Change (The Heart of Change. 2002), and all eight steps would be covered. The “Heart of Change” implies that to bring a change in an organization, it is essential to bring a change in its workforce from within rather than applying analytical and financial measures from outside. This is essential to overcome any resistance to behavior change. The real-life stories in the book offer real and practical examples provide a comprehensive message regarding transition challenges for the players of organizational change.

John Kotter model

John Kotter observed difficulties associated with change efforts in hundreds of organizations and designed his model based on strategic management of the change. Kotter has described eight steps in his model, and the first step is the sense of urgency in setting the goals and objectives of the change efforts. The second step is to create strong guiding coalition while the third step is that of a communal vision that helps in developing strategies to achieve the change. Once the vision is made, the fourth step is to communicate the vision clearly and thoroughly. The fifth step talks about authorizing others to act on the vision and get rid of any barriers and look ahead. In the next step, Kotter suggests breaking up the larger change initiative into smaller parts and creating short-term wins. The seventh step is about consolidating improvements and making more positive changes. The final and the eighth stage in Kotter’s model focuses on initiating new approaches, and defining connections between the success of the organization and new behaviors (Metre, 2009). The healthcare organizations across the world are undergoing constant changes to contain costs and improve the quality of healthcare. With the digital age of medicine arrived, it is essential for the healthcare systems to fully leverage the use of electronic health records or EHRs (Martin and Voynov, 2014). Today, healthcare is not just limited to the well-developed countries but is surfacing in the developing countries. There are standards set for the electronic exchange of information and the security and privacy of health information. The adoption of EHRs in outpatient systems is mainly dependent upon clinicians. For the development of health promotion initiatives and their successful implementation, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the organizational change and the change efforts. It is vital to focus on the influential factors in order to select the right strategies to bring the desired changes (Batas, Duff & Smith, 2016). Health promotion practitioners looking towards an organizational change need to select the right model that can fit with the internal context. They need to focus on the amount of time repaired, short-term success of their implementation plan and how the shared group experience can bring in positive or negative changes. The intended recipients of change and other internal factors too should be addressed when deriving strategies for facilitating the change in diverse organizational settings as asserted by Batas, Duff & Smith (2016). It is essential to align health promotion with organizational change effectively. The purpose behind these actions is to develop new approaches and structures for addressing health issues that are a concern and build sustainable systems.Adoption of EHR system It is essential to build a safer health system in the hospitals today. In shocking statistics’ it is estimated that more than 95,000 people die in each year in the US hospitals because of avoidable medical mistakes. The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) suggests that one in ten Canadians would be given wrong medication because of human errors. There are different reasons behind those medical errors, but those point to transcription errors, lost medical records, incomplete information, delay in getting information, absence of computerized medication alert systems and lack of clinical decision support tools as asserted by (Neumeier, 2013). Moving towards the adoption of EHR system means building a safer health system and increase patient safety. The objective behind is to connect health care providers with patient information timely and accurately. Electronic medical record or EMR allows faster and competent access to patient information. Computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) and electronic medication administration record (eMAR) can further improve access to complete patient information, thus enhancing medication safety and reducing any human errors. Despite the multiple benefits of implementing EHR system, the adoption is slow in many health care organizations. Initiatives to implement the electronic systems fail and there are several barriers to the successful implementation of EHR system that include dearth of standardization, high costs, the reluctance of staff to accept new changes and concerns about privacy.

What is an EMR?

EHR is also referred to as EMR where the clinical information of the patient is collected, stored, and displayed in computerized systems. The EMR is designed to collect and store the medical record in a legible and organized manner. It comprises of patient data, laboratory results, prescription records, and other notes. EMR provides support features such as computerized provider order entry , computerized clinical decision support and electronic medication administration record that can enhance patient safety and reduce medical errors. To successfully implement an EMR, an effective change management is integral. After all, it is all about engaging, preparing and motivating people to maximize abilities and achieve maximum results. The paper demonstrates how Kotter’s change model can be applied to identify and anticipate barriers so as to create strategic solutions when implementing an EMR system in a healthcare organization.

Implementing an EMR in in Nairobi County hospital in Kenya

The application of Electronic Medical Records Technology is widely used in Kenyan hospitals today. The paperless transactions in health care are much in demand but still, the application of EMR technology has not been able to keep pace with its demand. There are several factors that can influence the positive application and adoption of the new technologies. For example, the accessibility to network infrastructure, the influence of resource availability, levels of education, the willingness of staff to adopt EMR technology and more (Chepkwony, 2015). Kotter’s Change Management Theory has been used in health care successfully and especially to address the adoption and implementation of technological innovations. The dynamic model is made of the eight-stage process that can be organized into three phases (Neumeier, 2013). The setting is a small Medical Center, in the county of Nairobi that is located in a suburb of the city. The health care was founded several years ago and takes care of about seventy patients a day. The first phase involves creating the grounds for change by establishing a sense of urgency, develop a guiding coalition, and create a vision and strategy. The second phase focuses on engaging and enabling the organization. This includes communicating the vision, empowering action, and creating short-term success. The third phase is about implementing and sustaining the change. This phase includes merging gains and making more change and securing new approaches in the culture (Neumeier, 2013). The first phase The first step in Kotter’s model is to create a sense of urgency. The health care leaders of the hospital should examine the market position and financial performance of the hospital and share the information with their workforce. This first step is critical as it prepares the ground for bringing up the change and motivates aggressive cooperation of the participants. The key stakeholders and employees of the hospitals hood believe that change is necessary. They should be given facts and statistics to feel the urgency of the situation and why a change towards implementing EMR technology is a must. The biggest mistake one can make during this change is to allow complacency. If the participants do not absorb the sense of urgency, they can develop a laid back attitude towards change and even resist change. Creating urgency will help people see and feel why a change needs to occur. The director, president and staff such as the practice manager and billers should be encouraged to discuss the problems facing the practice. They can discuss the use of physical space for storage of medical record, lack of physical space, the time and effort wasted in locating the lost medical records of the hospital. It is essential to pin tot the inefficient way of using several databases and spreadsheets to manage the practice and the data of the patients. These problems will highlight the perceived benefits of using EHRs and create a sense of urgency. Other aspects that can increase the urgency of implementing EHRs are the monetary gains made by handling more patients, faster and efficiently. Saving time means saving money. The next step is to develop a powerful coalition group that should lead the change. The specific group should be focused and must be composed of just a small number of members, to begin with. More embers can be added through transformation and with the growth. The team can include influential physicians, nurses, board members, senior managers, and pharmacists. The team members should carry the knowledge, skills, and influence required to mobilize change. This coalition would be responsible for identifying all positive and negative forces for implementing the EHR without disrupting the clinical and administrative operations. The senior medical assistants, nurses, and technicians are expected to resist the EHR, and they need to be involved actively with the benefits due to the use of EHR. Participation in the training and adoption of the EHR is the responsibility of the coalition team. It is essential to know the possible barriers to successful implementation of EMRs and the major one is not the lack of financial resources but resistance to change (Neumeier, 2013). Implementing an EMR means making a significant change in the work endorsements. The willingness and acceptance of the health care staff to EMR are seen as major determinants of the successful implementation of the technology. One should know that nurses are a primary stakeholder in healthcare and work closer with the patients and for a longer time. It is necessary to study their attitude towards the EMR. They should be actively involved in the decision-making process right from the start and be made an important part of the coalition team. Crafting a vision and defining is the third step in Kotter’s model. The coalition group at the top should create a clear vision of what the future of the hospital should look like. The vision should be collective and measurable and provide a clear picture. It is imperative that the vision should be communicated convincingly as well as frequently to all groups. Leading by example is the best way rather than just communicating the vision in words. Thus, a continuous dialogue with stakeholders and workforce is essential to building commitment and trust. The vision for change with the implementation of the EHR at the Medical Center is to deliver quality in their care and be known as the leading medical center in Nairobi.

The second phase

The second phase focuses on engaging and enabling the organization. What needs to follow is the fourth step which is to communicate the vision. The employees, staff, and stakeholders should be able to comprehend the vision. Just talking about the vision and goals of the hospitals is not enough. The leaders need to exemplify and advertise change on all channels of communication. The vision established by the coition group needs to be communicated to the director and president of the hospital and the stakeholders and the workforce. One-on-one conversations are important and the communication should focus on how EHR implementation should not be seen as just a project but a significant shift in the culture of the hospital. The immediate benefits such as improving patient care and saving efforts and time with enhanced diagnostic monitoring tools and how it can increasing revenue and lower medial errors need to be communicated to the administrative staff. The healthcare team and service providers will spend less time trying to locate missing records and duplicating data entry. There would be fewer missed appointments, no double bookings, and a more transparent billing. The coalition’s team should empower others and encourage participation, which is the fifth step. The participants should be encouraged to develop new ideas to get rid of all obstacles. The teams need to work together and empower each other to participate and remove barriers. There should be incentives for embracing change and how the change benefit the physicians, nurses, and the patients. One can expect obstacles in the form of resistant from the health staff, who might not see any immediate or direct advantages of the implementing EHR. Individual and group training would be given to show how an EHR works by setting up dummy patients in the system. The health care workers can be watch training videos and support one another. The team should be encouraged and kept motivated at all times. Setting up short-term goals is the sixth step, and it can be exciting and motivating to see expected results in short term. Focus should be on the short-term wins to keep the momentum going. Aby success should be highlighted and celebrated. However, it is essential to analyze what went right or wrong where and analyze what needs improvement. The coalition team should set the timeline for the EHR implementation and signal achievements and reward them when the milestones are crossed. For example, they can measure a meaningful use in a particular measure, such as the specific medications to avoid for allergies. This is essential from the safety standpoint as it can prevent adverse outcomes from a wrong prescription to a patient that can induce an allergic reaction. Any such preventions and successful outcomes can be talked about and appreciated as to how implementing an EHR have resulted in a greater patient safety culture.

The third phase

The third stage covers the seventh and eighth step in Kotter’s model which is about producing more change and anchoring new approaches in the health care organization culture. The seventh step is about is consolidating improvements and sustaining the change. The team should be reminded of the smaller victories from short-term goals and motivate them to preserve the change and move towards bigger goals. There should regular management meeting between the coalition team and the healthcare staff once a week to discuss any issues and achievement. This can reinforce motivation to realize the forthcoming challenges and overcome the hurdles. Implementation of easier measures is followed to encourage competence and confidence in the EHR. The perceived proficiency and self-reliance among those implementing the change as well as those influenced positively by the change can boost the change efficacy within the hospital. The eighth step in Kotter’s model focuses on institution ling new approaches. The changes should be linked to the success and culture of the health care organization. It is essential to strengthen the coalition team at the top by developing future leaders who can keep the transformation consistent and confident in the future. The implementation of the EHR at the hospital needs to be assessed after a couple of months, say, about three months of implementation. The degree of implementation and the percentage of improvement in operational efficiency should be assessed. How the attitude of all staff and the nature of administrative work has changed can act as the pointer to the successful implementation of EHR. Still, the hospital should focus on further initiatives on expanding the use of EHR and provide more individual and group training to leverage the EHR model fully. One should be careful in this phase as to avoid declaring the victory prematurely as this can remove the sense of urgency. The heath care organization will face the risk of slipping back into the old way of doing. The team should focus on continued stress on the desired vision and keep taking the strategic steps until the change becomes permanent in the hospital. The strategic decision to implement an EHR in a health care practice can be challenging, especially in a country like Kenya with limited expertise and resources. However, following the steps in Kotter’s model, one can implement change successfully, regardless of the size of the organization, its resources, the managers, and technologists. It is essential to give importance to the human side of technology implementation, or the whole project could lead to serious challenges and failure for the model to be adopted. It is essential to gain an understanding of the opinions and experience of the staff with computers and their expectations for the EMR. Once the working staff realizes the benefits of using EMR, safety measure and how the electric systems can help save time and efforts, the attitudes and expectations of staff can shift in the positive direction. When an individual believes that the new change will help them perform their job better, faster and eff3eicnty, he or she is more receptive to the change. Social influence can be another significant factor in EMR adoption, and the attitudes and perceptions of the coworkers in the health care staff can have a strong influence.

Batras, D., Duff, C., & Smith, B. J. (2016;2014;). Organizational change theory: Implications for health promotion practice. Health Promotion International, 31(1), 231. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau098 Chepkwony, C. M. (2015). Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Electronic Medical Records Technology In Public Health Institutions In Kenya: A Case Of Hospitals In Nairobi County. University of Nairobi, 1(1), 1–74. Metre, Chirag. (2009). Deriving Value from Change Management. University of Pennsylvania, 1(1), 1–43. Martin, W. and Voynov, S. (2014). Electronic Health Records and Change Management. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 3(3), 626–630. Neumeier, M. (2013). Using Kotter’s Change Management Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory in Implementing an Electronic Medical Record. Canadian Journal of Nursing informatics, 8(2), 1–8. The Heart of Change. (2002). cu.edu Retrieved from https://www.cu.edu/sites/default/files/ExecSummaries-Heart_of_Change.pdf

Cite this page

Share with friends using:

Removal Request

Finished papers: 534

This paper is created by writer with

If you want your paper to be:

Well-researched, fact-checked, and accurate

Original, fresh, based on current data

Eloquently written and immaculately formatted

275 words = 1 page double-spaced

Get your papers done by pros!

Other Pages

Voltaire reports, air pollution reports, zara reports, genetics reports, cloning reports, wife biographies, public service essays, day off essays, time out essays, air power essays, intercept essays, trade name essays, huffing essays, metamerism essays, electroluminescence essays, incandescent lamp essays, underperformer essays, splendid essays, rosedale essays, blind men essays, darshana essays, parens essays, burning at the stake essays, liberal views essays, the future creative writing sample, scholarship essay essay sample, role and labor of a woman in american society essay examples, example of north sea course work, fencing movie review sample, criminal law essay example 9, sample article review on rental car, rel 103 should remain a required course essays example, the business ethics essay samples, example of sexism essay, inspiring research paper about the necessity of capital punishment, exemplar essay on even obama cant create a market for smart guns to write after, free made in china product safety issues whose responsibility research paper sample, criminal law essay samples 5, expertly written essay on accounting to follow, linguistic landscape society and language policy literature review template for faster writing, social issues affecting women a top quality essay for your inspiration, example of risk management plan essay, learn to craft essays on memorandum with this example.

Password recovery email has been sent to [email protected]

Use your new password to log in

You are not register!

By clicking Register, you agree to our Terms of Service and that you have read our Privacy Policy .

Now you can download documents directly to your device!

Check your email! An email with your password has already been sent to you! Now you can download documents directly to your device.

or Use the QR code to Save this Paper to Your Phone

The sample is NOT original!

Short on a deadline?

Don't waste time. Get help with 11% off using code - GETWOWED

No, thanks! I'm fine with missing my deadline

Use Messenger
Send us an email

Essay on Changes

Introduction.

Change is ever present aspect of human life. The dynamic nature of the society and the environment means that people cannot afford to stay in the same position and must adapt their lifestyles, attitude and behavior occasionally in order to fit in. This description is fitting to the involuntary type of change. On the other hand, change can be voluntary especially when it is motivated by personal convictions such as the desire for success. Change is a theme that appears in many literature publications. “Young Goodman Brown” and “Sweat’ are two famous short stories that feature characters going through change. This paper aims to explore the changes that occur in two of the characters in these stories and the implications of this change. The two characters are Delia Jones from ‘Sweat” and Goodman Brown from “Young Goodman Brown”. The paper aims to show that the consequences of change can be either negative or positive in regards to the status of one’s life. Delia Sweat is the main character in “Sweat”. At the beginning the story, Delia is a sensitive, likable and hardworking woman who is, unfortunately, under constant abuse from her cruel and controlling husband, Sykes. She is depicted as an all-round character with a variety of different emotions but who is also familiar with almost all facets of life. She is very proud of her work that involves washing clothes for the white people. He husband who on the other hand does not work constantly abuses and despises her in spite of the fact that she is the one who pays for the house they live and buys the food that they eat. Perhaps even more surprising the fact that her husband acts so horribly towards her while he is very sweet and polite to his mistress. However, the day arrives when Delia decides she has had enough, and this is where her transformation or change commences. Outraged by her husband’s constant condescension and despise, she screams at him reminding him of how hard she works to support them. Wanting to emphasize her point, she picks up an iron skillet intending to strike who is at this moment is shocked as he is used to abusing her without any reaction from her.

From this moment, Delia changes from a submissive character who endures constant abuse to an extremely defensive and aggressive character.

Her husband tries to antagonize her further by bringing a snake into the house knowing very well that Delia is extremely fearful of snakes. With her new found aggressiveness, she gives her husband an ultimatum to remove the snake from the house or she will report him to the white folks.

He total change is further revealed near the end of the tale when her husband is bitten by the same snake that he had used to antagonize her with. Delia does nothing to help him depicting which is a major shift from her former submissive character. Through her change in character Delia attains empowerment after the years of abuse that she has suffered from her husband. It this case, her change can be said to be positive because although it is associated with a tragic event which is the death of her husband, she is able to find empowerment and success.

Unlike Delia whose changes are positive, Young Goodman Brown change is not that positive in nature. The story begins in an evening where Goodman is saying goodbye to his wife and setting off to attend to a certain task. Although his wife does not want him to go as she does not know what the dark holds, he says goodbye to her and leaves. He meets an old man along the way who tells him that he is the Devil and in spite of emphasizing that him and his forefathers have been Christians for a long time; he follows him. They come across an old woman who is known in the village for her good deeds but reveals herself to be a witch and this when Goodman learns they are on their way to an evil ceremony to initiate two new recruits. Goodman is alter amazed to see many of his village mates and even his wife on their way to the evil ceremony. He cries out to the heavens suddenly; he realizes that he is alone in the forest and cannot determine whether it was all a dream. The experience at the forest completely changes Goodman for the worst. Once he gets back to the village; he looks at all the people he had seen including his wife and the village preacher with utter disgust. He isolates himself and for the remainder of his life, he lives with despair and suspicion and in the end dies as a bitter, lonely man.

Delia and Goodman’s Brown both go through deafening changes. However, the impending fortunes for the two are very different. Delia change is voluntary because she activates it herself. On the other hand, Goodman Brown’s change can be seen to be involuntary because it is brought about by an unexpected incidence that changes his outlook on life forever. While Delia change is positive and causes an improvement of her life, and Goodman Brown’s change is negative and only degrades his life. This is proof of the fact, change does not always means change of fortunes for the better; change can be also be negative and can lead to a person’s downfall.

Works Cited

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Print.

Hurston, Zora Neale, and Cheryl A. Wall. Sweat. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1997. Print.

Impact of War in “The Bonesetter’s Daughter”

The Bonesetter’s Daughter is a very insightful story that explores the deep emotions and struggles that are experienced by most people from different cultures and backgrounds. The story has a sub-story embedded in it. The theme also revolves around many subplots. There are basically three main characters in the story, which are introduced to the…

Translated Woman and In Search of Respect: Book Reviews

1. In Translated Woman: the person being studied is a woman named Esperanza, a street-peddler who lives in Mexico. Unlike most ethnographic studies, the author does not focus as much on an entire population as she does on one person. However, the relationship between the sample and the population (the whole of Mexico) is made…

Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar is one of several plays that William Shakespeare wrote using true events of the Roman history as a basis. Thematically it focuses on the conspiracy against Julius Caesar in 44 BC and his assassination, but its idea elaborates the issues of betrayal and the conflict of friendship and civil duty. Bonuses and Discounts…

Our Services

Academic ghostwriting
Admission essay help
Article writing
Assignment writing
College paper writing
Coursework writing
Dissertation writing
Homework writing
Online classes
Personal statement writing
Report writing
Research paper writing
Speech writing
Term paper writing
Writing tips
Write my paper

Undergraduate
High School
Architecture
American History
Asian History
Antique Literature
American Literature
Asian Literature
Classic English Literature
World Literature
Creative Writing
Linguistics
Criminal Justice
Legal Issues
Anthropology
Archaeology
Political Science
World Affairs
African-American Studies
East European Studies
Latin-American Studies
Native-American Studies
West European Studies
Family and Consumer Science
Social Issues
Women and Gender Studies
Social Work
Natural Sciences
Pharmacology
Earth science
Agriculture
Agricultural Studies
Computer Science
IT Management
Mathematics
Investments
Engineering and Technology
Engineering
Aeronautics
Medicine and Health
Alternative Medicine
Communications and Media
Advertising
Communication Strategies
Public Relations
Educational Theories
Teacher's Career
Chicago/Turabian
Company Analysis
Education Theories
Shakespeare
Canadian Studies
Food Safety
Relation of Global Warming and Extreme Weather Condition
Movie Review
Admission Essay

Annotated Bibliography

Application Essay
Article Critique
Article Review
Article Writing
Book Review
Business Plan
Business Proposal
Capstone Project
Cover Letter
Creative Essay
Dissertation
Dissertation - Abstract
Dissertation - Conclusion
Dissertation - Discussion
Dissertation - Hypothesis
Dissertation - Introduction
Dissertation - Literature
Dissertation - Methodology
Dissertation - Results
GCSE Coursework
Grant Proposal
Marketing Plan
Multiple Choice Quiz
Personal Statement
Power Point Presentation
Power Point Presentation With Speaker Notes
Questionnaire
Reaction Paper
Research Paper
Research Proposal
SWOT analysis
Thesis Paper
Online Quiz
Literature Review
Movie Analysis
Statistics problem
Math Problem
All papers examples
How It Works
Money Back Policy
Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
We Are Hiring

Change Management, Essay Example

Pages: 3

Words: 909

Hire a Writer for Custom Essay

Use 10% Off Discount: "custom10" in 1 Click 👇

You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

We live in an increasingly competitive world because globalization has increased trade between countries, opened more markets to the market players, and human and capital resources have become more mobile than they were in the past. Thus, it has become even more important to successfully manage change so that organizations continue to learn and evolve in order to remain competitive and maintain profitability. Different change process theories have been proposed over the last few decades such as Lewin’s Change Management Model, ADKAR Model for Change Management (ADKAR), and Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model.

Lewin’s Change Management Model proposes that change be bought in three steps which have been called Unfreeze, Change , and Refreeze in the model. The first step is Unfreeze which means that the organization should challenge the existing culture and work practices and prepare everyone for an impending change. The management also explains why a change has become inevitable and how it will benefit the organization and all the stakeholders involved in order to secure everyone’s support. The second step is Change where the actual steps are taken to implement change and new behaviors and work practices are adopted. The third step and the final step is Refreeze when people have started embracing the changes. Thus, it is time to establish the new changes as the norm (MindTools).

ADKAR is a goal-oriented change management model. ADKAR breaks down the change process into multiple steps and the results are evaluated at the completion of each step to determine whether the stated objectives were achieved or not. The benefit of ADKAR is that it helps to identify specific factors that may be working against the overall change process and address those specific factors. ADKAR model is composed of two dimensions which are Business dimension of change and People dimension of change. Business dimension of change includes elements such as business need or opportunity, project definition, business solution, proposed processes and systems, and implementation of the solution. People dimension of change includes elements such as awareness of the need to change, desire to participate, knowledge of the final form of change, ability to implement the change, and reinforcement to keep the change in place (Prosci).

Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model as the name suggests, consists of 8 steps which are establishing a sense of urgency, creating the guiding coalition, developing a chance vision, communicating the vision for buy-in, empowering broad-based action, generating short term wins, never letting up, and Incorporating changes into the culture(Kotter International). In short, Kotter’s model provides a step by step guidance to implement change and is more specific than other models which is not surprising since it is relatively new. Thus, it has the added benefit of taking into account the challenges being faced by most organizations in their quest to introduce flexibility. The model introduces a step-by-step guidance to successfully pave the way for a flexible culture within the organization.

People usually resist change because it means learning new skills and doing things different from what they are used to. Some fear their performance will be negatively affected. People are also interested in as to how the changes may impact them and behave accordingly. Because change is often adapting to new way of doing things, the fear of unknown also results in resistance (Peter Barron Stark Companies). If the change is expected to make the organization lean, some people would oppose it especially if it means loss of power and authority. The paste experience may also result in opposition especially if the previous experience resulted in disappointing outcomes. Some think that because the organization seems to be doing fine, there is no reason for change. Moreover, change always carries some risk and different people have different attitude towards risk. The people may also resist change if they feel the decisions are being imposed on them without taking into account their concerns and opinions.

The managers/leaders can take several steps in order to secure the support of the subordinates and other stakeholders. First of all, the management should communicate to the stakeholders as to why the change is being implemented. People are more likely to support change if they can see the relationship between the desired change as well as the organizations’ overall objectives. Second, the management should involve subordinates in the discussions and seek their opinions/feedback. When people feel their opinions are being listened to, they will be more willing to cooperate.

The management should communicate how the change will impact/benefit the subordinates in order to ease their concerns as well as make them aware of the benefits that will flow to them from the change. The management may also tie a portion of the employees’ overall compensation plan to the progress in organizational change. This will give the employees an incentive to contribute towards the success of the overall change process. The management should also take efforts to keep the employees informed of the progress because this will help build trust between the management and the subordinates. Some employees may be skeptical of their ability to adapt to change so the management should provide training wherever needed in order to help employees feel comfortable in the new working environment.

Kotter International. (n.d.). The 8-Step Process for Leading Change . Retrieved September 28, 2011, from http://www.kotterinternational.com/kotterprinciples/changesteps

MindTools. (n.d.). Lewin’s Change Management Model . Retrieved September 28, 2011, from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm

Peter Barron Stark Companies. (n.d.). Why Employees Resist Change . Retrieved September 28, 2011, from http://www.peterstark.com/why-employees-resist-change/

Prosci. (n.d.). “ADKAR” – a model for change management . Retrieved September 28, 2011, from http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-adkar-overview.htm

Stuck with your Essay?

Get in touch with one of our experts for instant help!

The Decline of Spain Bibliography, Annotated Bibliography Example

Impact of Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis, Essay Example

Time is precious

don’t waste it!

Plagiarism-free guarantee

Privacy guarantee

Secure checkout

Money back guarantee

Related Essay Samples & Examples

Voting as a civic responsibility, essay example.

Pages: 1

Words: 287

Utilitarianism and Its Applications, Essay Example

Words: 356

The Age-Related Changes of the Older Person, Essay Example

Pages: 2

Words: 448

The Problems ESOL Teachers Face, Essay Example

Pages: 8

Words: 2293

Should English Be the Primary Language? Essay Example

Pages: 4

Words: 999

The Term “Social Construction of Reality”, Essay Example

Words: 371

474 words short essay on change in life

“There is nothing permanent in life except change,” said philosopher Heraclitus. Others have called change or variety as ‘the spice of life’. So, changes (shuffle or reshuffle) in the government from time to time should come as no surprise to anyone, though changes in the political arena are often viewed with suspicion.

Change is in the very nature of being. Every new day is different from the previous day. Body metabolism is one such process as also growth of trees and revolving of planets. Tides come and go. Sometimes a whole river changes its course as was the case with the Saraswati.

The great insight of the enlightened, Gautam the Buddha, was the everything that is, will change and the changed will change further. Hence, one must neither get attached to joy (happiness) because that will pass away; nor get depressed with sorrow (suffering) because that too will pass away. Nothing is really permanent in this world.

Changes can be categorized under two main types. Changes that take place in nature we have little or no control over. We cannot, for instance, switch the time of tides, which anyway, wait for no one. The other kind of change is the one we witness either in political, social or other fields including the area of personal life. These are changes over which one can exercise some degree of control, changes which can be guided by oneself or others.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

As far as our human and particularly Indian society is concerned, there are so many things that fall in the second category and need change, be it in caste system, condition of the poor, status of women, dowry system, spreading corruption, and so on. Not that anyone likes these things to continue. Often the dilemma is, ‘where to begin’?

It is here that we need to ask ourselves some basic questions about change. Have I ever given a thought to changing things around me? Have I ever tried to act in a way that could bring about change for the better in society?

The most important question that we probably need to ask ourselves is whether these evils in society exist somewhere out there or do they reside within us?

In other words, do we have any responsibility towards this state of our society?

Again can change in society be brought about without bringing change in ourselves, in myself? Can such changes be brought about only through prayer and meditation? Can we rely only on God to change our society, forgetting that ‘God only helps those who help themselves’? It would be a good idea to throw up a prayer on these lines: Oh Lord, give me the wisdom to know which change is inevitable, and which that can change and give me the strength to effect changes that are humanly possible for the good of mankind.

What change has been brought by Marx in Hegel’s idea of dialectical change
Short paragraph of the Definition of Social change
Social Change: Meaning and Nature of Social Change
Essay on the relationship between education and social change

How did Walt Disney Change the Entertainment World

This essay about the transformative influence of Walt Disney on the entertainment world. It highlights Disney’s revolutionary impact on animation, theme parks, and storytelling. Through innovation and imagination, Disney crafted a universe that captured the hearts of millions. From iconic characters like Mickey Mouse to the immersive experiences of Disneyland, Disney’s legacy continues to shape popular culture. This summary emphasizes Disney’s pioneering spirit and enduring influence on the way we experience entertainment.

How it works

Within the annals of entertainment history, few figures loom as large or as influential as Walt Disney. His impact on animation, theme parks, and storytelling has transcended generations, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to shape the world of entertainment. Through a blend of imagination, ingenuity, and sheer determination, Disney crafted a universe that has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions around the globe.

At the heart of Disney’s revolutionary impact lies his innovative approach to animation. By daring to dream beyond the constraints of conventional storytelling, Disney introduced audiences to a realm where characters leapt off the screen and into the collective consciousness.

With each new creation, from the mischievous Mickey Mouse to the enchanting princesses of classic fairy tales, Disney pushed the boundaries of what was possible in animation, forever changing the way we view the art form.

Yet Disney’s influence extended far beyond the realm of animation alone. In envisioning the world’s first theme park, Disneyland, Disney embarked on a bold experiment to bring his magical visions to life in three dimensions. What emerged was not merely a collection of rides and attractions, but an immersive experience that transported visitors into the heart of Disney’s imagination. From the whimsical wonders of Fantasyland to the futuristic landscapes of Tomorrowland, Disneyland became a living testament to Disney’s belief in the power of storytelling to transcend the boundaries of reality.

Moreover, Disney’s impact on storytelling itself cannot be overstated. Through his timeless films and beloved characters, Disney tapped into the universal themes of love, friendship, and adventure that resonate with audiences of all ages. Whether it’s the timeless tale of a princess finding her prince or the epic journey of a young hero facing impossible odds, Disney’s stories speak to the core of what it means to be human, inspiring countless generations to dream big and never give up hope.

In essence, Walt Disney’s legacy is not merely one of entertainment, but of imagination made real. Through his pioneering spirit and unwavering dedication to his craft, Disney transformed the landscape of entertainment, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire and enchant audiences to this day. As we reflect on his remarkable achievements, we are reminded that the true magic of Disney lies not in the worlds he created, but in the dreams he dared to dream.

Cite this page

How Did Walt Disney Change The Entertainment World. (2024, Apr 22). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/how-did-walt-disney-change-the-entertainment-world/

"How Did Walt Disney Change The Entertainment World." PapersOwl.com , 22 Apr 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/how-did-walt-disney-change-the-entertainment-world/

PapersOwl.com. (2024). How Did Walt Disney Change The Entertainment World . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/how-did-walt-disney-change-the-entertainment-world/ [Accessed: 25 Apr. 2024]

"How Did Walt Disney Change The Entertainment World." PapersOwl.com, Apr 22, 2024. Accessed April 25, 2024. https://papersowl.com/examples/how-did-walt-disney-change-the-entertainment-world/

"How Did Walt Disney Change The Entertainment World," PapersOwl.com , 22-Apr-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/how-did-walt-disney-change-the-entertainment-world/. [Accessed: 25-Apr-2024]

Don't let plagiarism ruin your grade

Hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs.

Our writers will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+!

Please check your inbox.

You can order an original essay written according to your instructions.

Trusted by over 1 million students worldwide

1. Tell Us Your Requirements

2. Pick your perfect writer

3. Get Your Paper and Pay

Hi! I'm Amy, your personal assistant!

Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert.

short deadlines

100% Plagiarism-Free

Certified writers

Share full article

Supported by

Guest Essay

Xi Thinks China Can Slow Climate Change. What if He’s Right?

By Jacob Dreyer

Mr. Dreyer, an editor and writer who focuses on the Chinese political economy and science, wrote from Shanghai.

At first glance, Xi Jinping seems to have lost the plot.

China’s president appears to be smothering the entrepreneurial dynamism that allowed his country to crawl out of poverty and become the factory of the world. He has brushed aside Deng Xiaoping’s maxim “To get rich is glorious” in favor of centralized planning and Communist-sounding slogans like “ ecological civilization ” and “ new, quality productive forces ,” which have prompted predictions of the end of China’s economic miracle.

But Mr. Xi is, in fact, making a decades-long bet that China can dominate the global transition to green energy, with his one-party state acting as the driving force in a way that free markets cannot or will not. His ultimate goal is not just to address one of humanity’s most urgent problems — climate change — but also to position China as the global savior in the process.

It has already begun. In recent years, the transition away from fossil fuels has become Mr. Xi’s mantra and the common thread in China’s industrial policies. It’s yielding results: China is now the world’s leading manufacturer of climate-friendly technologies, such as solar panels , batteries and electric vehicles . Last year the energy transition was China’s single biggest driver of overall investment and economic growth, making it the first large economy to achieve that.

This raises an important question for the United States and all of humanity: Is Mr. Xi right? Is a state-directed system like China’s better positioned to solve a generational crisis like climate change, or is a decentralized market approach — i.e., the American way — the answer?

How this plays out could have serious implications for American power and influence.

Look at what happened in the early 20th century, when fascism posed a global threat. America entered the fight late, but with its industrial power — the arsenal of democracy — it emerged on top. Whoever unlocks the door inherits the kingdom, and the United States set about building a new architecture of trade and international relations. The era of American dominance began.

Climate change is, similarly, a global problem, one that threatens our species and the world’s biodiversity. Where do Brazil , Pakistan , Indonesia and other large developing nations that are already grappling with the effects of climate change find their solutions? It will be in technologies that offer an affordable path to decarbonization, and so far, it’s China that is providing most of the solar panels , electric cars and more. China’s exports, increasingly led by green technology, are booming, and much of the growth involves exports to developing countries .

From the American neoliberal economic viewpoint, a state-led push like this might seem illegitimate or even unfair. The state, with its subsidies and political directives, is making decisions that are better left to the markets, the thinking goes.

But China’s leaders have their own calculations, which prioritize stability decades from now over shareholder returns today. Chinese history is littered with dynasties that fell because of famines, floods or failures to adapt to new realities. The Chinese Communist Party’s centrally planned system values constant struggle for its own sake, and today’s struggle is against climate change. China received a frightening reminder of this in 2022, when vast areas of the country baked for weeks under a record heat wave that dried up rivers , withered crops and was blamed for several heatstroke deaths.

China’s government knows that it must make this green transition out of rational self-interest or risk joining the Soviet Union on history’s scrap heap, and is actively positioning itself to do so. It is increasingly led by people with backgrounds in science, technology and environmental issues. Shanghai, the country’s largest city and its financial and industrial leading edge, is headed by Chen Jining, an environmental systems expert and China’s former minister of environmental protection. Across the country, money is being poured into developing and bringing to market new advances in things like rechargeable batteries and into creating corporate champions in renewable energy .

To be clear, for Mr. Xi, this green agenda is not purely an environmental endeavor. It also helps him tighten his grip on power. In 2015, for instance, the Central Environmental Inspection Team was formed to investigate whether provincial leaders and even agencies of the central government were adhering to his green push, giving him another tool with which to exert his already considerable power and authority.

At the same time, locking in renewable energy sources is a national security issue for Mr. Xi; unlike the United States, China imports almost all of its oil, which could be disrupted by the U.S. Navy in choke points like the Malacca Strait in the event of war.

Mr. Xi’s plan — call it his Green Leap Forward — has serious deficiencies. China continues to build coal-fired power plants , and its annual greenhouse-gas emissions remain far greater than those of the United States, though American emissions are higher on a per-capita basis. China’s electric vehicle industry was built on subsidies , and the country may be using forced labor to produce solar panels. Those are serious concerns, but they fade into the background when Pakistan floods or Brazil wants to build an E.V. factory or South Africa desperately needs solar panels for a faltering energy grid.

American politics may be inadvertently helping China gobble up global market share in renewable energy products. When the United States — whether for national security or protectionist reasons — keeps Chinese companies like Huawei out of the American market or rolls up the welcome mat for electric vehicle makers like BYD or companies involved in artificial intelligence or self-driving cars, those businesses must look elsewhere.

President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act , aimed at tackling climate change, has put the United States on a solid path toward carbon neutrality. But America’s decentralization and focus on private innovation means government policy cannot have quite the same impact that it can in China.

So it is crucial for Americans to recognize that, for most of the world, perhaps for all of us, China’s ability to provide low-cost green technology is, on balance, great news. All of humanity needs to move toward renewables at a huge scale — and fast. America still leads in innovation, while China excels in taking frontier science and making its application in the real world cost-effective. If American politicians, investors and businesses recognize that climate change is humanity’s biggest threat, that could open pathways for diplomacy, collaboration and constructive competition with China that benefit us all.

Together, China and the United States could decarbonize the world. But if Americans don’t get serious about it, the Chinese will do it without them.

And if the United States tries to obstruct China, by way of corporate blacklists, trade or technology bans or diplomatic pressure, it will end up looking like part of the climate problem. That happened earlier this month when Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, during a visit to China, urged officials here to rein in green technology exports that the United States says are hurting American companies.

Mr. Xi won’t completely toss out the polluting manufacturing-for-export economic model that has served China so well, nor does he seem ready to halt construction of coal plants. Both are considered necessary for economic and energy security until the green transition is complete. But they are now only a means to an end. The endgame, it seems, is to reach carbon neutrality while dominating the industries making that possible.

Much like how the United States showed up late for World War II, China’s clean-tech companies are latecomers, piggybacking on technology developed elsewhere. But history rewards not necessarily who was there first but who was there last — when a problem was solved. Mr. Xi seems to discern the climate chaos on the horizon. Winning the race for solutions means winning the world that comes next.

Jacob Dreyer is an American editor and writer focused on the intersection of the Chinese political economy and science. He lives in Shanghai.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Read our research on:

Full Topic List

Regions & Countries

Publications
Our Methods
Short Reads
Tools & Resources

Read Our Research On:

How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward

Journalists, researchers and the public often look at society through the lens of generation, using terms like Millennial or Gen Z to describe groups of similarly aged people. This approach can help readers see themselves in the data and assess where we are and where we’re headed as a country.

Pew Research Center has been at the forefront of generational research over the years, telling the story of Millennials as they came of age politically and as they moved more firmly into adult life . In recent years, we’ve also been eager to learn about Gen Z as the leading edge of this generation moves into adulthood.

But generational research has become a crowded arena. The field has been flooded with content that’s often sold as research but is more like clickbait or marketing mythology. There’s also been a growing chorus of criticism about generational research and generational labels in particular.

Recently, as we were preparing to embark on a major research project related to Gen Z, we decided to take a step back and consider how we can study generations in a way that aligns with our values of accuracy, rigor and providing a foundation of facts that enriches the public dialogue.

A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations.

We set out on a yearlong process of assessing the landscape of generational research. We spoke with experts from outside Pew Research Center, including those who have been publicly critical of our generational analysis, to get their take on the pros and cons of this type of work. We invested in methodological testing to determine whether we could compare findings from our earlier telephone surveys to the online ones we’re conducting now. And we experimented with higher-level statistical analyses that would allow us to isolate the effect of generation.

What emerged from this process was a set of clear guidelines that will help frame our approach going forward. Many of these are principles we’ve always adhered to , but others will require us to change the way we’ve been doing things in recent years.

Here’s a short overview of how we’ll approach generational research in the future:

We’ll only do generational analysis when we have historical data that allows us to compare generations at similar stages of life. When comparing generations, it’s crucial to control for age. In other words, researchers need to look at each generation or age cohort at a similar point in the life cycle. (“Age cohort” is a fancy way of referring to a group of people who were born around the same time.)

When doing this kind of research, the question isn’t whether young adults today are different from middle-aged or older adults today. The question is whether young adults today are different from young adults at some specific point in the past.

To answer this question, it’s necessary to have data that’s been collected over a considerable amount of time – think decades. Standard surveys don’t allow for this type of analysis. We can look at differences across age groups, but we can’t compare age groups over time.

Another complication is that the surveys we conducted 20 or 30 years ago aren’t usually comparable enough to the surveys we’re doing today. Our earlier surveys were done over the phone, and we’ve since transitioned to our nationally representative online survey panel , the American Trends Panel . Our internal testing showed that on many topics, respondents answer questions differently depending on the way they’re being interviewed. So we can’t use most of our surveys from the late 1980s and early 2000s to compare Gen Z with Millennials and Gen Xers at a similar stage of life.

This means that most generational analysis we do will use datasets that have employed similar methodologies over a long period of time, such as surveys from the U.S. Census Bureau. A good example is our 2020 report on Millennial families , which used census data going back to the late 1960s. The report showed that Millennials are marrying and forming families at a much different pace than the generations that came before them.

Even when we have historical data, we will attempt to control for other factors beyond age in making generational comparisons. If we accept that there are real differences across generations, we’re basically saying that people who were born around the same time share certain attitudes or beliefs – and that their views have been influenced by external forces that uniquely shaped them during their formative years. Those forces may have been social changes, economic circumstances, technological advances or political movements.

When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

The tricky part is isolating those forces from events or circumstances that have affected all age groups, not just one generation. These are often called “period effects.” An example of a period effect is the Watergate scandal, which drove down trust in government among all age groups. Differences in trust across age groups in the wake of Watergate shouldn’t be attributed to the outsize impact that event had on one age group or another, because the change occurred across the board.

Changing demographics also may play a role in patterns that might at first seem like generational differences. We know that the United States has become more racially and ethnically diverse in recent decades, and that race and ethnicity are linked with certain key social and political views. When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

Controlling for these factors can involve complicated statistical analysis that helps determine whether the differences we see across age groups are indeed due to generation or not. This additional step adds rigor to the process. Unfortunately, it’s often absent from current discussions about Gen Z, Millennials and other generations.

When we can’t do generational analysis, we still see value in looking at differences by age and will do so where it makes sense. Age is one of the most common predictors of differences in attitudes and behaviors. And even if age gaps aren’t rooted in generational differences, they can still be illuminating. They help us understand how people across the age spectrum are responding to key trends, technological breakthroughs and historical events.

Each stage of life comes with a unique set of experiences. Young adults are often at the leading edge of changing attitudes on emerging social trends. Take views on same-sex marriage , for example, or attitudes about gender identity .

Many middle-aged adults, in turn, face the challenge of raising children while also providing care and support to their aging parents. And older adults have their own obstacles and opportunities. All of these stories – rooted in the life cycle, not in generations – are important and compelling, and we can tell them by analyzing our surveys at any given point in time.

When we do have the data to study groups of similarly aged people over time, we won’t always default to using the standard generational definitions and labels. While generational labels are simple and catchy, there are other ways to analyze age cohorts. For example, some observers have suggested grouping people by the decade in which they were born. This would create narrower cohorts in which the members may share more in common. People could also be grouped relative to their age during key historical events (such as the Great Recession or the COVID-19 pandemic) or technological innovations (like the invention of the iPhone).

By choosing not to use the standard generational labels when they’re not appropriate, we can avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes or oversimplifying people’s complex lived experiences.

Existing generational definitions also may be too broad and arbitrary to capture differences that exist among narrower cohorts. A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations. The key is to pick a lens that’s most appropriate for the research question that’s being studied. If we’re looking at political views and how they’ve shifted over time, for example, we might group people together according to the first presidential election in which they were eligible to vote.

With these considerations in mind, our audiences should not expect to see a lot of new research coming out of Pew Research Center that uses the generational lens. We’ll only talk about generations when it adds value, advances important national debates and highlights meaningful societal trends.

Age & Generations
Demographic Research
Generation X
Generation Z
Generations
Greatest Generation
Methodological Research
Millennials
Silent Generation

Kim Parker is director of social trends research at Pew Research Center

How Teens and Parents Approach Screen Time

Who are you the art and science of measuring identity, u.s. centenarian population is projected to quadruple over the next 30 years, older workers are growing in number and earning higher wages, teens, social media and technology 2023, most popular.

1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries

Research Topics

Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Economy & Work
Family & Relationships
Gender & LGBTQ
Immigration & Migration
International Affairs
Internet & Technology
News Habits & Media
Non-U.S. Governments
Other Topics
Politics & Policy
Race & Ethnicity
Email Newsletters

ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Terms & Conditions

Cookie Settings

Reprints, Permissions & Use Policy

April 2024 - ESSAY Podcast - Episode 1 - Courage to Change ESSAY Magazine (An International Journal of Sexaholics Anonymous)

Relationships

Ep 1 April 2024 Title: "Courage to Change" Welcome to “ESSAY Conversations - Beyond the Page”, where sexaholics get together to share our experience, strength and hope with our Fellowship’s bimonthly magazine.Listen in, as we talk to authors and other contributors to the ESSAY Magazine.Today’s guests:Jim B. and Jackie H. - Authors of “Looking for Trustees” and members of the Nomination Committee. Dave H. and Mark P. - Representatives of the July International SA Convention, which will be taking place in Los Angeles, CA, USA. For more information on the convention, visit https://iclosangeles2024.com/. Be sure to visit https://essay.sa.org/ for the latest articles from the ESSAY Magazine.

Episode Website
More Episodes

What caused Dubai floods? Experts cite climate change, not cloud seeding

Medium Text

DID CLOUD SEEDING CAUSE THE STORM?

Aftermath following floods caused by heavy rains in Dubai

CAN'T CREATE CLOUDS FROM NOTHING

Reporting by Alexander Cornwell; editing by Maha El Dahan and Alexandra Hudson

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. New Tab , opens new tab

A project to restore the natural ecosystem in Yokohama

World Chevron

UAE reports illness linked to contaminated water after floods

A small number of people in the United Arab Emirates have shown symptoms associated with contaminated water after heavy rains and floods, the health ministry said.

The sails of the landmark red windmill atop the Moulin Rouge, Paris' most famous cabaret club, fell to the ground overnight in the early hours of Thursday, a venue spokesperson said.

ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus in Jakarta

share this!

April 24, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

reputable news agency

'So hot you can't breathe': Extreme heat hits the Philippines

by Cecil MORELLA

The heat index was expected to reach the 'danger' level of 42 degrees Celsius or higher in at least 30 cities and municipalities of the Philippines

Extreme heat scorched the Philippines on Wednesday, forcing thousands of schools to suspend in-person classes and prompting warnings for people to limit the amount of time spent outdoors.

The months of March, April and May are typically the hottest and driest in the archipelago nation, but conditions this year have been exacerbated by the El Niño weather phenomenon.

"It's so hot you can't breathe," said Erlin Tumaron, 60, who works at a seaside resort in Cavite province, south of Manila, where the heat index reached 47 degrees Celsius (117 degrees Fahrenheit) on Tuesday.

"It's surprising our pools are still empty. You would expect people to come and take a swim, but it seems they're reluctant to leave their homes because of the heat."

The heat index was expected to reach the "danger" level of 42C or higher in at least 30 cities and municipalities on Wednesday, the state weather forecaster said.

The heat index measures what a temperature feels like, taking into account humidity.

The Department of Education, which oversees more than 47,600 schools, said nearly 6,700 schools suspended in-person classes on Wednesday.

There was a 50 percent chance of the heat intensifying in the coming days, said Ana Solis, chief climatologist at the state weather forecaster.

"We need to limit the time we spend outdoors, drink plenty of water, bring umbrellas and hats when going outdoors," Solis told AFP.

Solis said El Niño was the reason for the "extreme heat" affecting swaths of the country.

Around half the country's provinces are officially in drought.

'It's really hot here'

The northern municipality of Aparri endured a heat index of 48C on Tuesday, the highest in the country, and was expected to hit 45C on Wednesday.

The actual maximum air temperature was 36.4C (97.5F) on Tuesday, with 35C forecast for Wednesday.

"It's really hot here," Eric Vista of the municipal disaster agency told AFP.

Vista said a shower of rain on Tuesday night offered some temporary relief but it was "back to being super hot" on Wednesday.

Sweltering temperatures in the capital Manila forced more than 400 schools to switch to remote learning. The heat index reached 45C on Tuesday and was expected to hit 44C on Wednesday.

Tuesday's actual high in the city was 37.1C.

In drought-stricken Occidental Mindoro province, government employee Mary Ann Gener said people working indoors where there was air conditioning were fine.

"But it's terrible for those outside," she said.

"You get a headache immediately after you go out. You really need to hydrate."

In Dagupan city, north of Manila, university employee Edz Alteros said she and her colleagues no longer went out for lunch because of the heat.

The heat index there reached 47C on Tuesday.

"We get somebody to buy food and we eat inside the office," Alteros, 27, said.

"The air conditioning is set at 14-18C during the hottest part of the day, but we ease up at other times to prevent the aircon breaking down."

Global temperatures hit record highs last year, and the United Nation's weather and climate agency said Tuesday that Asia was warming at a particularly rapid pace.

The Philippines ranks among the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

Explore further

Feedback to editors

Artificial intelligence helps scientists engineer plants to fight climate change

10 hours ago

Ultrasensitive photonic crystal detects single particles down to 50 nanometers

11 hours ago

Scientists map soil RNA to fungal genomes to understand forest ecosystems

12 hours ago

Researchers show it's possible to teach old magnetic cilia new tricks

Mantle heat may have boosted Earth's crust 3 billion years ago

Study suggests that cells possess a hidden communication system

Researcher finds that wood frogs evolved rapidly in response to road salts

Imaging technique shows new details of peptide structures

13 hours ago

Cows' milk particles used for effective oral delivery of drugs

New research confirms plastic production is directly linked to plastic pollution

Relevant physicsforums posts, large eruption at ruang volcano, indonesia.

Apr 23, 2024

Unlocking the Secrets of Prof. Verschure's Rosetta Stones

Apr 22, 2024

Tidal friction and global warming

Apr 20, 2024

Iceland warming up again - quakes swarming

Apr 18, 2024

M 4.8 - Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, US

Apr 6, 2024

Major Earthquakes - 7.4 (7.2) Mag and 6.4 Mag near Hualien, Taiwan

Apr 5, 2024

Hundreds of Philippine schools suspend classes over heat danger

Apr 2, 2024

South America sweats under high temps—in the middle of winter

Aug 3, 2023

Spanish city shatters heat record

Aug 10, 2023

Forest fires burn in Colombia amid record heat

Jan 24, 2024

Argentina forests burn amid heat wave, drought

Mar 15, 2023

It's not yet summer in Brazil, but a dangerous heat wave is sweeping the country

Nov 15, 2023

Recommended for you

Scientists demonstrate high-resolution lidar sees birth zone of cloud droplets, a first-ever remote observation

14 hours ago

Climate change supercharged a heat dome, intensifying 2021 fire season, study finds

15 hours ago

Airborne observations of Asian monsoon sees ozone-depleting substances lofting into the stratosphere

16 hours ago

Modeling broader effects of wildfires in Siberia

18 hours ago

Study shows it's not too late to save the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Let us know if there is a problem with our content.

Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form . For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines ).

Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request

Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.

Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages.

E-mail the story

Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form.

Newsletter sign up

Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties.

More information Privacy policy

Donate and enjoy an ad-free experience

We keep our content available to everyone. Consider supporting Science X's mission by getting a premium account.

E-mail newsletter

IMAGES

Climate Change Essay
Sample essay on changes in gender impact
101 Essays That Will Change The Way You Think by Wiest, Brianna
Climate Change Essay.docx
Adaptability to Cultural Change Free Essay Example
101 Essays That Will Change The Way You Think Review

VIDEO

101 Essays That Will Change The Way You Think #books #fhamcardhe #briannawiest
Why International relations (IR) is a better choice for CSS than Pol. Science?
What mean by Extremism? Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis
A must read book for your 20s #booktube #shorts #101essays

COMMENTS

How to Become More Comfortable with Change
Resistors push back against change, falsely hoping it might go away. And controllers find change overwhelming and isolating. By consciously examining how you approach change, you can adopt these ...
Changes in Life: Positive and Negative Effects Essay
One of the invariable realities in life is that we are every in a state of change. These changes may be positive or negative but regardless of their nature, they are a fundamental part of our lives and it is important that we brace ourselves for them. In my life, I have had many changes; some of which have been inconsequential and other which ...
The Psychology Of Dealing With Change: How to Become Resilient
Practice Self-Care. Often life's transitions involve losses, such as a death, a big move, the loss of a job, or a relationship ending. Even positive transitions, like a graduation or a job change, can make you feel a little sad. During these times of transitions, don't push away any grief you might feel. Acknowledge the loss, and pay ...
Change Is A Good Thing
Things change all the time; and often people fear them. Some believe change is the worst thing that could happen, but that is not always the case. In order to move on with life, things must change. I believe that change is good, and if nothing changed, then life would not exist for most people. I also believe that people should purposely make ...
College Essay: Adapting to Change
We can only adapt to change. "Even if the desert becomes cracked, no matter who shakes this world, don't let go of the hand you're holding.". This quote is from someone who reminds me to continue making new memories while holding the past, much like my rainbow blanket.
Argumentative Essay About Climate Change
Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Introduction. The first step is to introduce the topic and provide an overview of the main points you will cover in the essay. This should include a brief description of what climate change is. Furthermore, it should include current research on how humans are contributing to global warming.
The Importance of Change for Success of an Individual and Society
Think about it - change is seen in the natural world's transformations as well as its transition from season to season; change occurs among people who transform - both physically, mentally, socially, emotionally and even spiritually - every single day of their lives; and change is seen in civilization, politics, thought, art, geography ...
Essays About Change ️ Free Examples & Essay Topic Ideas
These essays cover various themes such as personal growth, societal change, political change, technological advancements, and environmental change. They are meant to inspire readers to embrace change, and in doing so, improve themselves and their communities. The essays may also provide insights on how to effectively manage change or cope with ...
Change In Life
Paper Type: 350 Word Essay Examples. My existence started the day I was born. The day a new angel sent from above live the outside world. And day by day, life is changing and I'm growing up. After years had passed, I realized that only change is constant in this world.
Climate Change Assay: A Spark Of Change
Bahçeşehir College is committed to increasing students' awareness of the changing world we live in. This climate change essay competition saw many students submitting well thought out pieces of writing. These essays were marked on their format, creativity, organisation, clarity, unity/development of thought, and grammar/mechanics.
Essay on Change [ Meaning & Importance of Change in Life ]
Change is anything that makes a difference in our lives. It can be an event, a decision, or even a simple change in our routine. Change is something that we all go through at some point in our lives. It can be difficult to adjust to, but it is also something that can be very rewarding. Change can be defined as , "the act or instance of making ...
Essay on We Can Change the World
250 Words Essay on We Can Change the World The Power of Individual Action. Change is a natural aspect of life, and it can be harnessed to transform the world. Each individual, regardless of their status, has the potential to contribute to this change. The belief that change is possible starts with the individual.
Change Essay: Most Exciting Examples and Topics Ideas
A good essay topic should also be specific and focused, allowing for in-depth exploration and analysis. Best Change Essay Topics. When it comes to change essay topics, it's important to think outside the box and choose something that will stand out. Here are 20 creative change essay topics to consider: The impact of technology on modern ...
Change Your Perspective, Change Your Life: A New Essay
4. LEGO Group: Innovation and Turnaround. The LEGO Group's remarkable turnaround from near bankruptcy to profitability is a testament to effective change management and innovation. Facing declining sales and fierce competition, LEGO embarked on a comprehensive restructuring initiative focused on product innovation, operational efficiency, and customer engagement.
Essay on Social Change: Meaning, Characteristics and other details
Here is your essay on Social Change! Introduction: Change is the internal law. History and science bear ample testimony to the fact that change is the law of life. Stagnation is death. They tell us stories of man's rise and growth from the Paleolithic age to the Neolithic age, then to the Stone Age and next to the copper age etc.
Climate Change: What Must Be Done, Now
To the Editor: Re "Adults Are Failing Us on Climate," by Greta Thunberg, Adriana Calderón, Farzana Faruk Jhumu and Eric Njuguna (Opinion guest essay, Sunday Review, Aug. 22): I'm upset. I ...
Change in the Work Place
An organization may be as big as a multinational or as small as a sole proprietor's enterprise. Change is inevitable in the present corporate world; change is required in order to keep up with the human dynamic society. Changer in the work place may occur in varied ways. It may be inform of a worker being promoted, transferred, demoted or ...
Essays On Change: Finest Examples
The essay applies a change theory to an organizational-based on Kotter's change model and plans a change process. The change process . will be evaluated for all from Kotter and Cohen's The Heart of Change (The Heart of Change. 2002), and all eight steps would be covered. The "Heart of Change" implies that to bring a change in an ...
Essay on Changes
Change is a theme that appears in many literature publications. "Young Goodman Brown" and "Sweat' are two famous short stories that feature characters going through change. This paper aims to explore the changes that occur in two of the characters in these stories and the implications of this change. The two characters are Delia Jones ...
Essay about change
Nevertheless, as each change occurs, it must undergo struggles to become accepted. One example of the struggles of change that is seen in today's society is the ongoing fight for religious freedom. Another change that is currently facing obstacles is the fight to change policies that raise the question of equality.
Change Management, Essay Example
The second step is Change where the actual steps are taken to implement change and new behaviors and work practices are adopted. The third step and the final step is Refreeze when people have started embracing the changes. Thus, it is time to establish the new changes as the norm (MindTools). ADKAR is a goal-oriented change management model.
474 words short essay on change in life
474 words short essay on change in life. "There is nothing permanent in life except change," said philosopher Heraclitus. Others have called change or variety as 'the spice of life'. So, changes (shuffle or reshuffle) in the government from time to time should come as no surprise to anyone, though changes in the political arena are ...
How did Walt Disney Change the Entertainment World
Essay Example: Within the annals of entertainment history, few figures loom as large or as influential as Walt Disney. His impact on animation, theme parks, and storytelling has transcended generations, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to shape the world of entertainment. Through a
Opinion
Guest Essay. Xi Thinks China Can Slow Climate Change. What if He's Right? April 19, 2024. ... Climate change is, similarly, a global problem, one that threatens our species and the world's ...
How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward
An example of a period effect is the Watergate scandal, which drove down trust in government among all age groups. Differences in trust across age groups in the wake of Watergate shouldn't be attributed to the outsize impact that event had on one age group or another, because the change occurred across the board.
April 2024
Ep 1 April 2024 Title: "Courage to Change" Welcome to "ESSAY Conversations - Beyond the Page", where sexaholics get together to share our experience, strength and hope with our Fellowship's bimonthly magazine.Listen in, as we talk to authors and other contributors to the ESSAY Magazine.Today's guests:Jim B. and Jackie H. - Authors of "Looking for Trustees" and members of the ...
What caused Dubai floods? Experts cite climate change, not cloud
Experts cite climate change, not cloud seeding. DUBAI, April 17 (Reuters) - A storm hit the United Arab Emirates and Oman this week bringing record rainfall that flooded highways, inundated houses ...
'So hot you can't breathe': Extreme heat hits the Philippines
Climate change supercharged a heat dome, intensifying 2021 fire season, study finds. 10 hours ago. Airborne observations of Asian monsoon sees ozone-depleting substances lofting into the stratosphere.
Chaos in Dubai as UAE records heaviest rainfall in 75 years
Chaos ensued in the United Arab Emirates after the country witnessed the heaviest rainfall in 75 years, with some areas recording more than 250 mm of precipitation in fewer than 24 hours, the ...

How to Become More Comfortable with Change

Partner Center

College Essay: Adapting to Change

ThreeSixty Journalism,

Make Your Case: A Guide to Writing an Argumentative Essay on Climate Change

What is an Argumentative Essay about Climate Change?

Argumentative Essay Outline about Climate Change

Argumentative Essay About Climate Change Introduction

Thesis Statement For Climate Change Argumentative Essay

Climate Change Argumentative Essay Conclusion

How To Write An Argumentative Essay On Climate Change

Do Your Research

Pick A Catchy Title

Outline Your Essay

Compose Your Essay

Proofread and Revise

Examples Of Argumentative Essays About Climate Change

Good Argumentative Essay Topics About Climate Change

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good thesis statement for climate change?

Keep reading

Essays on Change

Essay on Change [ Meaning & Importance of Change in Life ]

Essay on Change | Meaning, Why Change is Inevitable in Life

Why Change is Necessary in Life?

Change in Personal & Professional Life

Resistance to Change

Related Posts:

Reader Interactions

Essay on We Can Change the World

100 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

Small Steps Matter

Think Future

250 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

Collective Effort and Its Impact

Technology as a Catalyst

The Journey Ahead

500 Words Essay on We Can Change the World

Small Actions, Big Impact

Education as a Catalyst for Change

Technological Innovation and Change

The Role of Policy and Governance

Conclusion: The Power of Collective Action

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Essays About Change

Best Change Essay Topics

Change essay topics prompts

The Positive Effects of Change in Social Work

Negative Effects of Philip Ii Reign in Spain

The Evolution of Prosthetics History

Choosing Blue Skies Over Grey Ones on Creative Writing

Your Article Library

Related Articles:

No comments yet.

Change in the Work Place Essay

Change: A Top-Quality Essay For Your Inspiration

Introduction

John Kotter model

What is an EMR?

Implementing an EMR in in Nairobi County hospital in Kenya

The second phase

The third phase

Cite this page

Other Pages

Essay on Changes

Works Cited

Impact of War in “The Bonesetter’s Daughter”

Translated Woman and In Search of Respect: Book Reviews

Julius Caesar

Our Services

Change Management, Essay Example

Related Essay Samples & Examples

Utilitarianism and Its Applications, Essay Example

The Age-Related Changes of the Older Person, Essay Example

The Problems ESOL Teachers Face, Essay Example

Should English Be the Primary Language? Essay Example

The Term “Social Construction of Reality”, Essay Example

474 words short essay on change in life

How did Walt Disney Change the Entertainment World

Cite this page