essay on punjabi culture in english pdf

A critical analysis of the Punjabi state's contemporary challenges through a linguistic, political, and cultural lens

Punjab's current landscape is reminiscent of its past, as once again witnessing unrest and protest. The difference today is that the major issues faced by Punjab are the product of a chain of events in its history. The most impactful events chosen in this research are the partition of Punjab in 1947 and the period of religious unrest in 1984. Both events are used to provide a basis to the research that focuses on the current areas in decline across Punjab. Identity is a key facet to community strength. This research focuses on areas of language, culture, and religion to assess how they have been influenced by these past events. In doing so, the research aims to understand where Punjabi society has been affected most by tumultuous events of the past. It finds that language, identity, and politics have all been victim to the aftermath of communal unrest which is seen in the gradual weakening of a shared cultural identity for Punjabis. This research finds that contemporary issues like the water shortage and the farmers' protests are the result of historical divisions that have presented themselves through issues of language, identity, and politics.

Related Papers

tahir kamran

Ramachandra Byrappa

Punjab: When a " community " assails and conquers the " State " A glimpse into " national community " formation in South Asia " Democracy " and " National Community " are theoretical concepts and mechanisms that mutually strengthen each other. A strong devotion to establishing a national community should inevitably pave the way forward to the building of democracy as a process whereby sub‐national communities are harnessed together, and as an institutional set‐up to entrench the viability of the national community. This basic theoretical framework is elaborately embraced notably by Jürgen Habermas and Benedict Anderson. What I propose to do in the current study is try to transpose the above mentioned theoretical structures to historical evolutions in South Asia and more particularly the Indo‐Pakistani border region – the Punjab. The last sixty years have shown that the cohabitation of Punjab inside the national structure, on the one side of the border or the other, has been extremely difficult and deeply contested. How has democracy fared in the Subcontinent? How has it contributed to forming the respective " national communities " in this troublesome region? How strongly has Punjab integrated into the Indian national community? These are some of the questions to which I would like to bring a historical assessment. The study will mainly concentrate on the specific strategies adopted by this divided nation and make a comparative evaluation. We also focus on how the " territorial, communal and ethnic " entities used democracy to dock themselves to the wider " national community ". On a theoretical side we will go on to seeing how ethnic communities become the real movers behind conceptual and " imagined communities ". All of this will of course be preceded by a brief historical review of Punjab before its eventual division and bifurcation. Added to this, weight will be given to the demonstration of how a community gaining power in one area of state‐ structure moves to other areas, in the hope of controlling the whole system. As I have done in my earlier studies I would like to express the customary cautionary note on the methodology of historical analysis in this part of the world. It is often assumed that analytical concepts developed in the Western world have difficulties fitting into the South Asian context. There are many reasons to disagree with this belief. Discounting for cultural specificities universal concepts should maintain their analytical substance; they continue to be powerful tools of historical investigation. If we encounter difficulties it is because of other reasons: because there is a big divide between the supposed and the real, because there is a gulf between the nominal and the real. Making a slight shift towards the actual elements moving historic dialectic will help us gain an informed understanding of history of the Subcontinent. A brief historical review of Punjab (up to partition in 1947) Punjab as a nation might have had ups and downs in its historical development but what is interesting to notice is a linier ascendance of the Sikh community at

The News on Sunday

Mahmood Awan

A rejoinder of sorts that presents another case of The Other Punjab

Afat Qiamat , Abbas Zaidi

A neglected area of study , although their are many studies about Partition of Punjab , but this studies the Impact of Partition on Punjab

Anshu Malhotra and Farina Mir (eds), 'Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture and Practice,' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. i-lviii, 1-462, Rs. 695.

Yogesh Snehi

Pritam Singh

Doris Jakobsh

This book explains how the Sikh separatist movement for Khalistan developed in the Punjab and why it turned violent. In a style which is narrative, the author shows how internal power blocs within Sikhism shaped an exclusionary Sikh identity over the past 300 years. The ...

SINDHU, South Asian Inter-Disciplinary Humanities Journal Vol 1, No 1

Julien Columeau

This study examines the initial stage (1947-1953) of the Urdu/Punjabi controversy in Pakistani Punjab and the concomitant production of distinct language ideologies by different groups. I argue that three linguistic ideologies emerged in Lahore's intellectual scene in the post-partition years. One was a pro-Urdu ideology defended by Maulvi Abdul Haq and Maulana Salahuddin Ahmad, backed by the provincial government, and based on an assimilation between language and nation. The other two ideologies contested it: one was a Marxist ideology structured around the master binary of Bourgeoisie/People ('Avām), opposing the hegemonic use of Urdu and promoting Punjabi as a language of the people; and the other was an ideology supported by Pakistani nationalists mobilized by Faqir Muhammad Faqir and Abdul Majeed Salik, structured around the binary of Urdu-speaking settlers versus Punjabi natives and promoting Punjabi as a language of an ethnic community facing cultural and linguistic invasion.

A recollection of Anwar Chaudhary brings all those wanderers and post-partition Punjabis to mind who grew up with high hopes of a just society

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Essay on Culture Of Punjab

Students are often asked to write an essay on Culture Of Punjab in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Culture Of Punjab

Introduction to punjab’s culture.

Punjab is a region in South Asia, divided between India and Pakistan. Its culture is rich and vibrant, known for its music, dance, food, and festivals. The people of Punjab, known as Punjabis, are warm-hearted and lively.

Punjabi Music and Dance

Punjabi music is lively and energetic, often accompanied by the dhol, a type of drum. Bhangra is a popular Punjabi dance, performed during celebrations. Giddha is a traditional dance performed by women, expressing joy and happiness.

Cuisine of Punjab

Punjabi cuisine is famous worldwide. It includes dishes like butter chicken, sarson da saag, and makki di roti. The food is rich, flavorful, and often spicy.

Punjabi Festivals

Punjabis celebrate many festivals. Vaisakhi, a harvest festival, is the most significant. Lohri, another popular festival, marks the end of winter. These festivals involve music, dance, and feasting.

Punjabi Clothing

Punjabis wear vibrant and colorful clothes. Men wear kurta-pajama, and women wear salwar-kameez. Phulkari, a type of embroidery, is a distinctive feature of Punjabi clothing.

The culture of Punjab is a beautiful blend of tradition and modernity. It is a testament to the spirit and vitality of the Punjabi people. The culture’s richness and diversity make it truly unique.

250 Words Essay on Culture Of Punjab

Introduction.

Punjab, a state in Northern India, is known for its rich and diverse culture. This culture brims with vibrant colors, lively music, and delicious food. It is a blend of traditions, values, and customs that have been passed down through generations.

Festivals are a big part of Punjabi culture. Baisakhi, Lohri, and Karva Chauth are some of the important ones. Baisakhi marks the start of the harvest season. People celebrate it with dance, music, and food. Lohri is a winter festival. People light bonfires and share sweets. Karva Chauth is a special day when married women fast for their husbands’ long life.

Music and Dance

Punjabi music and dance forms are famous worldwide. Bhangra and Giddha are traditional dances. People perform them during celebrations. Punjabi music is a mix of lively beats and meaningful lyrics. It is loved by people of all ages.

Punjabi cuisine is also part of its culture. It is known for its rich and hearty dishes. Some popular ones are Butter Chicken, Sarson ka Saag, and Makki di Roti. Punjabis also love their sweets like Jalebi and Pinni.

Traditional Punjabi clothing is bright and colorful. Men wear Kurta and Pajama, while women wear Salwar-Kameez with a Dupatta. Phulkari, a type of embroidery, is also popular in Punjab.

The culture of Punjab is a beautiful mix of traditions, celebrations, and lifestyle. It is a symbol of the state’s history and heritage. It tells us about the vibrant spirit of its people.

500 Words Essay on Culture Of Punjab

Punjab is a state in India known for its rich and vibrant culture. The culture of Punjab is a beautiful mix of customs, rituals, songs, dances, and cuisines that are unique to this region. It is a colorful representation of the life and spirit of the Punjabi people.

Traditional Punjabi Clothing

Punjabi clothing is famous for its bright and colorful look. Women traditionally wear a suit known as ‘Salwar Kameez’ paired with a dupatta. The men wear a Kurta and Pajama, or a ‘Punjabi’, which is a type of shirt and a loose trouser. For special events and festivals, they wear a traditional dress called ‘Sherwani’ and ‘Achkan’.

Festivals in Punjab

Punjab is known for its grand and joyful festivals. The most famous is Baisakhi, which marks the start of the harvest season. It is a time of dance, music, and feasting. Other important festivals include Lohri, which celebrates the winter solstice, and Karva Chauth, where women fast for the well-being of their husbands.

Music and dance hold a special place in Punjabi culture. Bhangra, a lively folk dance accompanied by rhythmic drum beats, is a popular form of entertainment. Giddha is a traditional dance performed by women. Punjabi music is famous for its high energy and catchy beats. It has gained international fame through genres like Punjabi pop and Bhangra.

Punjabi Cuisine

Punjabi cuisine is loved all over the world for its rich and spicy flavors. The most famous dish is ‘Makki di Roti’ and ‘Sarson da Saag’, which is a bread and curry combo made from corn and mustard leaves. ‘Chole Bhature’, ‘Butter Chicken’, and ‘Amritsari Kulcha’ are other popular dishes. The Punjabi meal is incomplete without a glass of ‘Lassi’, a traditional yogurt-based drink.

Punjabi Language and Literature

Punjabi is the native language spoken by the people of Punjab. It has its own script called ‘Gurmukhi’. Punjabi literature has a rich history with famous poets like Waris Shah, who wrote the legendary love story of Heer Ranjha.

The culture of Punjab is a vibrant blend of tradition and modernity. It is a celebration of life, full of color, music, dance, and delicious food. The Punjabi people are known for their hospitality and joie de vivre. Their culture is a mirror of their lively spirit, making Punjab one of the most culturally rich regions in India.

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• Punjabi Culture

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Punjab (the land of five rivers) is the biggest land area of Pakistan and is popularly known for its culture. It shares most of its cultural and carnival values with Indian culture. According to population, 56% of the total population of the country is situated in Punjab Province. It has a total of 36 districts and contributes approximately 50-60 % of the economy.

Punjabi Culture is one of the oldest in world history, dating from ancient antiquity to the modern era. The scope, history, complexity and density of the culture are vast. Some of the main areas of the Punjabi culture include: Punjabi cuisine, philosophy, poetry, artistry, music, architecture, traditions and values and history. Some cities of Punjab have more importance for Sikh community from India. The founder of Sikh religion was born in Nankana Sahib, a district of Punjab so Sikh from different parts of world come and visits Punjab. Jahngir tomb and Badshahi Masjid in Lahore are the important places of Pakistan. Data Sahib is very scared place in Punjab and most of the people come and visit Data sahib every year.

Punjabi people are very warm hearted and fun loving. Punjabis are heterogeneous group comprising of different tribes, clans, communities and are known to celebrate each and every tradition of their culture. People of Punjab have strong beliefs on pir-faqeers, jogi, taweez, manat-ka-dhaga, saint of repute, black magic, and other superstitions, however recently due to increase of literacy, people have become somewhat rational . Punjabis also believe in cast system but as now people are getting educated, the differences are getting blurred. Some popular casts of Punjabi’s are; Jats, Maliks, Mughals, Arains, Gujjars, Awans, Rajputs, Gakhars, Khokhars, Sheikhs, Aheers, Kambohs, Niazis, Legharis, Khosas, Dogars, Thaheem, Mirani, Qureshis, and Syeds.

In villages’ people usually live in small communities (biradaris), however they live in peace and harmony with each other. They take active part in the happiness/grieve of each other and give a great deal of respect to their culture, norms and run their lives according to their set traditions. Punjabi people are famous for their hospitable and loving nature.

Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. It is spoken as the first language by majority people in Punjab, even spoken and understood in areas beyond the confines of Punjab. Facts and figures show that Punjabi language is spoken as first language by 44% of Pakistanis. Urdu language is also commonly spoken in this region. Key Punjabi languages/dialects are:

Costumes of Punjab are an indication of the bright and vibrant culture and lifestyle of the people.

The costumes are a mix of colours, comfort and beauty and Punjab is well known for the use of phulkari(embroidery) in its costumes. In most of the villages of Punjab men wear Pagri(turban), dhoti/lacha, kurta, khusa. Women wear gharara, or choridar pajama or colorful shalwar kameez, paranda, choli/duppata, khusa, kola puri chappal or tillay wali jutti. Whereas in urban areas of Punjab men and women follow latest trends and fashion, generally they wear different styles of shalwar kameez.

The extensive cuisine of Punjab can be vegetarian and non-vegetarian. One commonality between all Punjabi dishes is the liberal usage of ghee or clarified butter spices and Punjabis are fond of sweet-meats also. Most Punjabi food is eaten with either rice or roti. There are some dishes that are exclusive to Punjab such as Mah Di Dal, Paratha, Makai ki rotti, Saron Da Saag, and in cities Choley, Haleem, Baryani and other spicy dishes are popular. In beverages, tea is consumed in all seasons and as a custom most of Punjabis serve tea to their guests. Punjabis are also fond of Zarda, Gulab-Jamuns, Kheer, Jalaibi,Samosy, Pakorey etc. During summers people drink lassi, doodh-soda, aloo bokharey ka sharbat, lemonade etc.  These cuisines have become world-wide delicacies with large scale representation.

Punjabi people have fanatical interest in sports. Punjabi’s are fond of kabaddi, and wrestling, which is also popular in other parts of Pakistan and it’s also played on national level. Other games being played in Punjab region include Gilli-Danda, Khoo-Khoo, Yassu-Panju, Pitho-Garam, Ludo, Chuppan-Chupai, Baraf-Panni, Kanchy and some major sports include cricket, boxing, horse-racing, hockey and football. National Horse and Cattle Show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held.

Cultural Festivals

There are numerous festivals which are celebrated by Punjabi people including some religious festivals such as Eid-Milad-Un-Nabi, Jumu’ah, Laylat-ul-Qadr etc. Urcs (devotional fairs),which are held at the shirnes of sufi saints, Melas and Nomaish (exhibitions).The Provincial capital Lahore is widely popular for its entertaining events and activities. Lahori’s are famous all over the country for their celebrations particularly for Basant festival (kite flying) in the spring season. Other festivals celebrated in Punjab region include Baisakhi, Teej, Kanak Katai etc.

Dance and Music

Bhangra is most commonly known Punjabi music genre and dance style. Punjabis passionately love folk songs/music, Qawali and Punjabi music is recognized throughout the world. The Tabla, Dhol, Dholki, Chimta, Flute and Sitar are all common instruments of this delightful culture. Punjabi dance is based around happiness, energy and enthusiasm.Different forms of dance in Punjab are: Loddi, Dhamal, Sammi, Kikli, Gatka, Bhangra, Giddha and Dandiya. Punjabi dances have been embraced by the American culture and others alike and now they are one of the most appreciated art forms.

Custums and Rituals

Some of the customs followed in Punjab have no foundation in Islam. However, the Punjabi culture has adopted those ceremonies and traditions from Hindu culture.

Birth Rituals

Punjabis celebrate birth of their child with great enthusiasm. Grandfather or grandmother or some respected elder member from the family puts honey with their index finger in child’s mouth called Ghutii. Sweets are distributed among friends and relatives and people bring gifts for the child and mother. Generally on 7 th day child’s head is shaven and Aqiqa ceremony is held, also sheep/goat is slaughtered.

Punjabi Weddings

Punjabi weddings are based on traditions and are conducted with strong reflection of the Punjabi culture followed by several pre-wedding customs and rituals (dholki,mayun,ubtan etc.)Punjabi weddings are very loud, energetic, full of music,colors, fancy-dresses, food and dancing. Punjabi weddings have many customs and ceremonies that have evolved since traditional times. In cities the wedding are celebrated following a blend of modern and traditional customs and the ceremony generally lasts for 3days, Mehndi, Barat (Nikkah+Ruksati) and Walima, followed by Chauti (bringing the bride back to her parents’ home the next day).

Funeral Rituals

At funerals after namaz-e-janaza it is customary to offer lunch to people who came for condolence. On 3 rd day of the funeral, Qul is held and every following thursday the Quran is recited (jumah-e-raat) followed by prayers for deceased and after 40days the chaliswaan is held. After which the funeral is over. Some families observe anniversaries yearly (barsi).There is no formal dress code for Punjabi funerals however people mostly wear shalwar kameez and casual clothing is observed. Funerals of Shia families are more intense. Both men and women wear black shalwar-kameez and rigorous crying and screaming is a common occurrence at such funerals.

Punjab is very rich with literature and Sufis adds more in its literature. Punjabi poetry is renowned for its extremely deep meaning, beautiful and hopeful use of words. The large number of Punjabi poetry is being translated throughout the world into many languages. Some famous poets of Punjabi are Sultan Bahu, Mia Mohammad Baksh, Baba Farid, Shah Hussain, Anwar Masood etc. Waris Shah, whose contribution to Punjabi literature is best-known for his seminal work in Heer Ranjha, known as Shakespeare of Punjabi language.  Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Sufi poet, a humanist and a philosopher. The verse from Bulleh Shah primarily employed is called the Kafi, a style of Punjabi. Some other popular folk tales of Punjab include Sassi-Punnu, Sohni Mahiwal etc. that are passing through generations.

Arts and Crafts

Punjab is the major manufacturing industry in Pakistan’s economy and here each art enjoys a place of its own. The main crafts created in the highlands and other rural areas of Punjab are basketry, pottery, which are famous for their modern and traditional designs all over the world and are included in the best formations of Punjabis. bone work, textile, cloth woven on handlooms with stunning prints is embroidered in the rural-areas and the weavers produce colorful cloths like cotton,silk etc. embroidery, weaving, carpets, stone craft, jewelry, metal work along with truck art and other wood works. The craft of Punjab is its fundamental soul and its craft create its entity.

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Punjab in History and Historiography: An Introduction

• Published: March 2012
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This volume seeks to consider the notion of Punjabiyat , a loosely defined term often used to describe a sentiment of belonging or attachment to Punjab and/or the foundations of a shared, cross-religious, cross-caste, cross-class culture. Is there an ‘idea of Punjab’ or ‘ideas of Punjab’ that help ground—as Punjabi—people from the region, now scattered across the globe? Or that connect those in Indian and Pakistani Punjab, divided by what is for most of them an impermeable border? In other words, despite political, social, religious—indeed, historical—differences, are there notions of Punjabiyat /Punjabiness that constitute Punjab as a region conceptually in history, culture, and practice? The essays in this volume, through their careful analyses of aspects of Punjabi social, cultural, political, and religious history, taken collectively suggest that there are, indeed.

Part of the impetus for this collection is that volumes on Punjabi culture/s or histories—especially of its modern period—have not been commonplace in academic circles. One is more likely to come across titles that delve into specific aspects of its culture or people, for instance works on ‘Sikh religion’ or the ‘Sikh people’, ‘Islamic identity’ or ‘Hindu reform’ in their Punjabi regional context. Such endeavours are entirely valid and reasonable, and perhaps even necessary, but it is difficult to comprehend the elision if not erasure of Punjabi identity from academic writing. Given that it has been easier for diasporic Punjabis to evoke a much wider and an inclusive Punjabi identity than it has been for Punjabis residing in India or Pakistan, one wonders if this elision is yet another result of the political divisions that have marked Punjab’s twentieth-century history? Have these divisions, whether of 1947 or the postcolonial period, made other identity markers more apt or emotionally more satisfying than the idea of belonging/originating/associating with a region? Or could it be that Punjabi identity is particularly open to appropriation, and even incorporation within other identities—for instance Sikh identity in Indian Punjab?

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Punjabi Culture - Traditions and Cultural Diversity of Punjab

Unique, colourful and extravagant, these are the attributes of the heartland of India, Punjab. Popular and distinguished across the globe, the culture of Punjab is indeed overwhelming. The delicious Punjabi food appeases your taste buds like never before. Colourful fancy clothes and Bhangra attract you like nothing else. When you visit Punjab, you can experience hospitable and heartwarming vibes. Punjabis are known to be very helpful, welcoming and proud people. They welcome everyone with open hearts (and of course a glass of Lassi and typical Punjabi food). They celebrate their festivals with great zeal and zest, with great food, music, dances and revelry. The beauty of Punjab is as magical as it becomes.

People of Punjab and Punjabi Sabhyachar

Punjabis are mainly divided into two communities: Khatris and Jats. They've been involved in agriculture for a long time now. But now, trade and commerce have also opened up in the state. A large population still follows the joint family system which has now turned out to be unique. The feeling of togetherness can be easily felt here as they promise to be with each other in moments of sadness and happiness.

Punjabis are very particular about their traditions and relations. Every festival or ceremony have predefined rituals which are strictly followed. May it be birth or wedding, hair cutting or a funeral, the adherence to rituals is a must which according to them strengthens a relation and displays a proper social cordiality.

Food in Punjabi Culture

One of the favourite cuisines of Indians and other communities outside, Punjabi food is rich in flavours and spices. With overflowing ghee on the chapattis, the food here is considered for the strong-hearted! Lassi is the refreshing drink here and is also known as the welcome drink. It's a very heavy dose of milk, especially for those are not from Northern India.

Makke di Roti (maize bread) and Sarson da Saag (mustard leaf curry) is another traditional dish of Punjab. There are many other foods like Chole Bhathure, Rajma Chawal and Paneer Naan, but one of the humongous favourites is Tandoori Chicken!  

Dresses in Punjabi Culture

The traditional dresses of Punjab are very colourful, unique and vibrant. Women wear Salwar kameez (Salwar is the bottom wear and kameez upper). These clothes are intricately designed and beautifully embroidered at homes in multi colours. Men wear a Turban with great pride. Initially, Hindus and Muslims also used to wear turbans, but now Sikhs can be only seen wearing them. Kurta is worn on the upper body, and Tehmat which are the baggy and balloon-ish Pyjamas are worn on the lower portion. Footwear preferred is Jooti which has been the traditional footwear worn by men and women for many years.

Folk Dances of Punjab

There are many folk music and dances which are hugely popular in Punjab and the rest of the country. One of them is Bhangra which has also become immensely popular in the west. This dance form began many years ago when Punjabi farmers used to perform to welcome the harvest season. Giddha and Sammi, Luddhi and Dhamal are some other popular dances in the region. Punjabi music has become popular in Bollywood too. Punjabis are known for their revelry and music forms an essential part of it.

These dance forms are mainly performed in Baisakhi Festival. The performances, especially involving men, are given on the beats of drum and music. People wear Kurta and Tehmat (garments made of silk and cotton) with Turban on their head and a handkerchief in hand during the performances.

Language and Religions

The official language of the state is Punjabi, which is also the local language used for communication. Although there is only one local language, there are many dialects used diverse region to region. Some of the local dialects are Doabi, Ghebi, Malwai, Pahari, Shahpuri, Rachnavi, Hindko, etc. Interestingly the script for Punjabi language is Gurmukhi in India and Shahmukhi in Pakistan.

There are many religions which exist in Punjab. But the major population comprises in the Indian state of Punjab are of Hindus and Sikhs. In Hindus, Khatris are the most prominent, while Brahmin, Rajput and Baniya may also be found. The Sikh population is particularly high in the state owing to the origin of Sikhism. There are many Sikh religious centres in Punjab, not to forget the most famous Golden Temple in Amritsar which witnesses huge footfall from around the world. Some of the people in Indian Punjab are Muslims, Christians, and Jains.

Wedding Customs in Punjab

The prewedding rituals start with the Roka, which is an unofficial engagement signifying the acceptance of the relationship by the two families. Then comes Chunni Chadhai followed by Mangni/Sagai which is the official engagement with the couple exchanging the engagement rings. A couple of days before the wedding, Mehendi artists are called in on the occasion of Mehendi to create intricate designs on the hands of the bride joined by all the female friends and family members. Usually on the same evening is the musical night known as Sangeet which is pretty much the same as a bachelorette party. After the merry and joyful evening of Sangeet, some traditional rituals are set in motion starting with Kangna Bandhna, Followed by Choodha Chadhana and Kalide which take place in the Bride’s house. Haldi and Ghara Ghardoli are two rituals that take place for both, Bride and Groom when they are covered with a thick paste of turmeric and sandalwood mixed with rosewater and mustard oil. Bride and groom visit their nearest temple and are bathed with holy water and start getting ready for the main part of the wedding. Sehrabandi and Ghodi Chadna conclude the pre-wedding rituals.

The main wedding function starts with the Agwani and Milni which is a ritual to welcome the groom and his party to the venue of the wedding. Followed by the welcome is the Varmala or the exchange of the garlands between the bride and the groom. The Groom is then offered a bowl of water and a bowl of a sweet drink called Madhuperk. The ritual of Kanyadaan is fulfilled by the father of the Bride and asks the Groom to take good care of her. After the Heart touching ritual of Kanyadaan is Mangal Phere where the couple circle the sacred fire four times and the couple is declared Married. The wedding day concludes with a sacrificial ritual offering rice flakes to the sacred fire thrice called Lajhom followed by Sindhoor Daan which is the ritual of the groom to anoint the bride's forehead and the hair partition with Sindhoor.

Post-wedding games are the fun part of every wedding where the families and friend from both sides take part actively. After the celebrations and games are the most heart touching moments for the festivities when the bride has to say bye to her parents and tears rolling down the cheeks is a normal scenario in these moments. The bride is welcomed to the groom's house and a final ritual called the Muh Dikhai marks an end to the ceremonies and the start of a happy life together.

Literature and Philosophy

Punjabi Literature mostly comprises the writings from Sikh Gurus and some poetry too. The writings of Guru Nanak also known as The Janamsakhis are one of the oldest literature books found. Some spiritual philosophies of yogis like Gorakshanath and Charpatnah are also available. But the major literature began with the initiation of poetry and Sufi music and ghazals. Some famous stories include Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah, Mirza Sahiba by Hafiz Barkhudar and Sohni Mahiwal by Fazal Shah. Modern Punjabi writers include Bhai Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Dhani Ram Chatrik, Amrita Pritam, Baba Balwanta, Mohan Singh, and Shiv Kumar Batalvi.

Punjabis are high spirited and liberal people. Residing in the heart of India, they are soft natured people who celebrate every event and festival with utmost zest. They are lively and vibrant with a vibrant history and culture. They enjoy liquor and revelry as much as they enjoy Lassi and folk music. Punjabis can now be found in many parts of the world especially the USA and Canada. But suffice it to say, they have shifted the land, but their culture is imbibed in them even today. They celebrate their festivals across the globe and welcome others to be a part of their culture. And to less surprise, Punjabis are loved all over the world.

This post was published by Vishwas Jain

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Home — Essay Samples — Arts & Culture — Punjabi Culture — Punjabi Culture: a Reflection on My Cultural Background

Punjabi Culture: a Reflection on My Cultural Background

• Categories: Punjabi Culture Religious Beliefs

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Words: 711 |

Published: Apr 29, 2022

Words: 711 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Table of contents

An overview of punjabi culture, works cited.

• Kumar, R. (2021). Cultural Diversity in India: An Overview. Social Sciences, 10(11), 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110454
• Punjab Tourism. (n.d.). Punjab: A State with a Rich Cultural Heritage. https://punjabtourism.gov.in/punjab
• Deshpande, S., & Akhila, P. (2020). Religion and Culture: An Anthropological Study of Hinduism. International Journal of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, 6(2), 44-52. https://ijhassnet.com/journals/ijhass/Vol_6_No_2_June_2020/6.pdf
• Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2019). Food Culture of Punjab: An Anthropological Study. International Journal of Advanced Research, 7(2), 634-642. https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/244_IJAR-29932.pdf
• Kaur, A. (2019). A Study of the Impact of Popular Culture on Punjabi Culture. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(11), 3433-3438. https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i11s/B1034078119.pdf
• Singh, H. (2018). A Study on the Traditions and Festivals of Punjab. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 106-110. https://ijssh.ielas.org/index.php/ijssh/article/view/22
• Sodhi, P. S., & Kaur, H. (2021). An Analytical Study of the Stereotypes Associated with Punjabi Culture. International Journal of Research, 8(1), 1-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348165855_AN_ANALYTICAL_STUDY_OF_THE_STEREOTYPES_ASSOCIATED_WITH_PUNJABI_CULTURE

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History of punjabi literature.

Author: Tarsem Lal

Issue Date: 2018

Publisher: Centre for Cultural Resources and Training

Type: Literature

Received From: Centre for Cultural Resources and Training

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Culture of Punjab – Enthralling Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

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Languages of punjab, traditional dress of punjab, architecture of punjab, handicrafts of punjab, festivals of punjab , dance and music of punjab, punjabi cuisine, tourism in punjab, occupations in punjab.

Punjab has one of the most ancient and diversified cultures on the globe. ‘Punj’ means five, and ‘ab’ means water, hence it’s known as the Land of Five Rivers. The five rivers that flow through this country are the Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, Ravi, and Jhelum, which divide it into three major parts called Doaba, Majha, and Malwa. Punjabi poetry, philosophy, spirituality, education, artwork, music, food, science, technology, military warfare, architecture, traditions, values, and history all reflect this diversity and distinctiveness. It’s difficult to overlook the compassion and zeal displayed in the Punjabi (Punjabis) way of life. 

Punjab is a vast expanse of natural beauty and majesty. Its language is a valuable asset that is gaining widespread popularity across the country. Punjabi is the state’s official language, and it has a lot of similarities to Hindi. It is the world’s ninth most widely spoken language. The residents of West Punjab, on one hand, speak more Hindi than Punjabi, whilst the situation is reversed in East Punjab.

Gurmukhi, which is based on Devanagari, is the script used in Punjabi. It’s a fusion as well as a tonal language. It is a fusion language because it is formed by the merger of many morphemes (the smallest linguistic unit with semantic meaning). It has a tonal quality due to the fact that the tones identify the words. Punjabi borrows heavily from various languages such as Hindi, Persian, Urdu, and English in modern times. Punjabi has recently travelled to other parts of the world, where it has been adapted to fit the local lexicon.

Surprisingly, the Punjabi language has numerous dialects that have developed according to the place where the language is spoken. Bhattian, Malwai, Pahari, Doabi, Kangri, Hindko, Pothowari, Shahpuri, Rachnavi, Majhi, Thali, Thalochri, Chakwali, and Ghebi are some of the most important dialects. Hindi is a widely spoken and understood language in the state, with practically everyone speaking and understanding it fluently. Even English is a language that many people are familiar with. If you w ant to learn Punjabi , try Ling-app a great platform to learn the language with ease.

Religion in Punjab

In India, Sikhism is the predominant religion in Punjab. It is the world’s fifth largest religion, founded by Guru Nanak Dev and other nine Gurus. Sikhism’s core belief is in “Waheguru,” which means “Universal God.” The religion believes that salvation can be attained by meditating on the Almighty in a disciplined and intimate manner. Sikhs revere the ten Gurus as well as the Holy Scripture Guru Granth Sahib, which is revered as the eleventh and final Guru. Monotheism and a non-anthropomorphic understanding of God are central to Sikhism. Volunteering and community service are seen as essential in a person’s life. The primary rule for leading one’s life is hard effort and sincere dedication. Gurdwaras, which are the Sikhs’ primary place of worship, exist in Punjab. The Golden Temple in Amritsar is a world-famous pilgrimage site that draws people from all over the world.

Though not as frequently practiced as Sikhism, Hinduism is an important religion in Punjab. In fact, it is the state’s second most widely practiced religion. Hindus live a liberal lifestyle, and the majority of them attend gurdwaras to worship. Islam is another prominent religion in Punjab, however it is practiced by just a small percentage of the population. The majority of Muslims in Punjab fled to Pakistan after the split in 1947. Despite the small population of Muslims in the state, there are a large number of mosques. Other minority religions in the state include Christianity, Jainism, and Buddhism.

In Punjab, women’s apparel is known as churidar kurta. The traditional attire is worn by women. Although it is a Punjabi traditional attire, it is currently worn by most young ladies across India with colourful Dupattas. The top portion is a kameez (a sort of loose shirt), while the bottom component is a salwar (a type of pant). In most cases, the dupatta is the same colour as the Salwar Kameez. Beautiful shawls created with Phulkari embroidery can also be seen on women.

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In Punjab, the men’s traditional attire is the Kurta Pajama. The Kurta is a long-sleeved shirt with a straight cut. The pajamas are likewise loose and must be fastened around the waist. Few guys choose to wear a Kurta with a Tehmat or Lungi. Pagri or Pugg (Turban) is a religious turban worn by Sikhs in Punjab. Turbans are worn by men in a variety of hues depending on their attire. Jooti is the favored footwear, which has been worn by both men and women for many years.

The Buddhist and Islamic forms of architecture had a huge influence on Punjab. Despite the fact that Sikhism is the most popular religion in Punjab, it does not have its own architectural style. It is a mix of Sufism in Islam and Hinduism. The Gurudwara is the Sikhs’ primary site of worship. The Mughal palace style of construction has been adopted by Sikhism’s followers. Even after independence, Punjab’s architecture has continued to grow. The Maurya Empire is responsible for some of Punjab’s earliest architectural examples. Following the Mughal invasion, Islamic architecture became a part of Punjab.

The Sikhs’ primary place of devotion is Amritsar’s, Golden Temple. Amritsar became the most important city for the Sikhs in the latter half of the 16th century. The Golden Temple was built in 1764, and when Ranjit Singh created the Sikh state in 1802, he plated the ceiling with gold, and what was previously known as the Hari Mandir became known as the Golden Temple. The primary structure is modest and sits in the middle of a tank, giving the impression that it is floating on water. The temple, its marble precincts, and the water in the tank all look to be pure, unique, and amazing. The primary structure is constructed in the late Mughal style. The open terrace-style Mughal garden inspired the Yadavindra garden in Pinjore. The garden’s central water channel is lined with chadars and fountains and runs through seven open terraces and pavilions.

Chandigarh, the state capital, is a fine example of twentieth-century architecture. The city is split into 47 sectors, with the capital complex and civic centre serving as the focal point. It is an excellent ‘garden city’ and a bible for architects because of its ordered design, broad roadways, and well-planned facilities with a modernist lean. Chandigarh has become a symbol of youth, and its residents are proud of the city’s status as a cutting-edge metropolis. Le Corbusier, a French architect and planner, was responsible for Chandigarh’s urban development. Chandigarh is unlike any other city in the world. Chandigarh’s terrace garden is a popular tourist destination. The large sun-screen and three-dimensional look, as well as the interior spaces, create an appropriately spectacular image while remaining true to traditional Indian architecture.

Phulkari , as well as Pidhis, Jootis, Durries, and Parandis, are part of Punjab’s rich handicraft legacy. Phulkari, however, is the most well-known of them all. Many of the crafts are used as household items or ornamental objects in homes, and they reflect the state’s vibrant identity. Mud Works are also an indigenous Punjabi tradition. Women are primarily responsible for weaving durries, and they begin learning the craft as early as childhood. Durries are available in a variety of sizes and patterns here. In addition, the state produces a diverse range of trays, mirror frames, dressing tables, easy chairs, sofa sets, dining tables, and chairs, among other items. Another well-known Punjabi art is the gorgeous Punjabi dolls dressed in elegant gowns. The Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, who work in the city of Amritsar in the Punjab province of India, are known for their brass and copper workmanship, which is recognised on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Punjab, like the rest of India, celebrates a variety of festivals throughout the year. Each of these festivals is related with one or more religious tales. Punjabi folks believe in going all out for every festive event. Traditional music and folklore create the ideal environment for the celebration, allowing guests to immerse themselves in the infectious spirit of this incredibly intriguing state.

In Punjab, Baisakhi signifies the start of the “New Year ” . It is commemorated to recognise the hard labor of farmers by commemorating the ripening of the winter (rabi) harvest. Every year on the 13th of April, it commemorates a time of celebration and joy for the people of Punjab.

Punjab’s winter harvest festival, Lohri, is widely observed across the state. It is a fertility celebration that is linked to the worship of the God of Fire (Lord Agni). Lohri, according to the Hindu calendar, occurs on the 13th of January each year, when the earth is closest to the sun.  

The name Hola Mohalla comes from the Punjabi word “Mohalla,” which refers to an organised parade in the style of an army column, complete with battle drums and standard-bearers. This event is held in grand style throughout Punjab, particularly at Muktsar and Anandpur Sahib.

Punjab is a theistic and devotional land. Gurus of the Sikh faith are honored throughout the state. Punjabis observe Gurpurab every year solely for the honor and respect of their gurus. Gurpurabs are intended to commemorate the Sikh Gurus’ birthdays or martyrdoms. In Punjab, however, there are a lot of gurpurabs.

Bhai dooj is observed on the second day after Diwali in the month of Kartik (October-November). This celebration also honours a brother’s and sister’s strong bond. To protect her brother from evil, his sister places a ‘tikka’ (mark) of saffron and rice grains on his forehead. There are hymns and prayers for a long life for my brother. As a show of his affection, the brother gives her gifts or money.

Teeyan is a women’s dance festival held in the month of Sawan. This festival features some of the top gidha performances. The celebration runs from the third lunar day of the month through the full moon, with a grand function on the last day.

Karwa Chauth is a fast by women that takes place in the months of October and November. Women participate in the celebration to pray for their husband’s long life. On this day, the Moon God is prayed to.

Dussehra is widely observed throughout Punjab, as it is in the rest of India. It commemorates Lord Rama’s victory over Ravana, signifying the eternal triumph of Good over Evil.

Diwali is observed throughout Punjab in the months of October and November, with the exact date dictated by the lunar calendar. It is commemorated to mark Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after a fourteen-year exile. Every home in Punjab is illuminated with candles or diyas on this day.

Punjab is regarded for having one of India’s most diverse and expressive cultures, with music and dance playing a key role in exhibiting it. Punjabi dances are among the most energizing types of performance art you will ever see. The level of synchronicity in the dances is incredible.

Bhangra began as a springtime festival dance in Punjab villages, and has since grown into a worldwide craze. More than anything else, this dance has spread the name of Punjab across the globe. Bhangra has evolved significantly through time. Bhangra, traditionally, used to be a blend of fast-paced dance moves, songs, and musical instruments like the Dhol, iktar (a single-stringed instrument), and chimta. The songs that are performed in conjunction with the dance are usually about love, patriotism, or social causes. In today’s clubs and discos, Bhangra tunes mixed with hip hop or reggae are quite popular. The performers are dressed in a Kurta with a vest over it. They also wear colourful turbans that are well-made.

If you thought Bhangra was fantastic, Giddha will provide you with the same kind of experience. Giddha is a female-only specialty, similar to Bhangra. This dance is usually performed at important occasions such as weddings or festivals. ‘Viyagula Giddha’ is a type of Giddha that is done during weddings. The performers make a ring by standing in a circle. One woman sits in the ring’s centre, playing the Dhol. The finest part about the dance is that there are no strict restrictions that the dancers must follow. They dance to the beat of the music. The various stages in the lives of Punjabi women are depicted in Gidda.

Punjabi folk music has a lot of variety and is quite rhythmic. Dhoola and mahiya are prevalent forms in the western region, although the popular boli style is performed variably across the region. Punjabi music also includes vocals, as well as instruments such the dhol, tumbi, dhad sarangi, algoza, and Ektara. Punjabi folk idiom can provide insight into the lives and cultures of Punjabis. There is a large collection of music and songs commemorating birth, daily life, and death; songs of love and separation, dancing and joy; marriage, fulfilment, and disappointment. Punjab is separated culturally into three regions: Malwa, Majha, and Doaba. Today, Malwa embodies the authentic essence of Punjabi folklore.

The Punjabi fold idiom is incredibly rich, diverse, and adaptable. It is a wide culture of compassionate, big-hearted people who are free of fanaticism and restricted religious ideologies. The more we learn about the country’s folk music, the more difficult it gets to categories. However, one may be able to draw broad divides for each season, as each of the countless celebratory occasions that occur throughout the year has its own distinct music.

Punjabis are robust people with hearty appetites, and their food is simple, sizable quantities with no extraneous frills or exotic accompaniments, much like the Punjabis themselves. Punjabi tandoori cookery is widely regarded as one of the world’s most popular cuisines. Huge earthen ovens are half-buried in the ground and heated by a coal fire beneath them. This unique oven cooks marinated meat, chicken, fish, paneer, rotis, and naans of all varieties, and the results are incredibly delicious!

Some areas of Punjabi cuisine have been influenced by outside influences. The gravy component of Punjabi cuisine is said to have originated with the Mughals, according to food connoisseurs. Murgh makhani is the most well-known example. Because the state had a lot of pure ghee and butter, combining this impact in its food was a good idea. Murg makhani also helped to balance out the dryness of the tandoori chicken, which had been grilled over charcoal. Punjabi breads include nan and parathas, as well as maize flour rotis. Of course, the roti has evolved over time to include additional variation, such as the rumali roti, naan, and laccha parathas, all baked in the tandoor.

In Punjab, winter ushers in the season of makki ki roti (maize flour bread) and sarson ka saag (mustard leaf gravy). A portion of lassi (a sweet or salted drink prepared with curd) or fresh curd and white butter, which is consumed in big quantities, is required to complete any meal. Maa ki dal, rajma (kidney beans), and stuffed parathas are some of the other notable Punjab-only meals.

Punjab provides a traveller with a trip back in time. You’ll come across forts, palaces, and monuments, each one grander and more ornate than the last. When you visit Punjab, you will notice that the people’s generosity is as genuine as their cuisine. The Golden Temple, one of Punjab’s most renowned tourist destinations, teaches a lesson on universal brotherhood. Jallianwala Bagh, a major historical site, makes the eyes well up, along with palaces and museums that depict its previous splendour. Punjab offers culture, heritage, history, and wildlife as part of a tourist experience.

You’ll come across forts, palaces, and monuments, each one grander and more ornate than the last. Gobindgarh Fort, Rambagh Palace, Qila Mubarak, Old Moti Bagh, Maharaja Sher Singh Palace, and Bahadurgarh Fort are among the most popular forts and palaces in Punjab. There lies the Phillaur Fort, which is noted for its historical significance and functioned as Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s military base. The Qila Mubarak is another fort that warrants special attention. The relics of Guru Gobind Singh, the eleventh Sikh guru, can be found inside the fort. There is plenty of room for exploration with so many forts, palaces, and other ancient structures.

The Golden Temple, commonly known as the Darbar Sahib, offers another unique tourist experience. One of the most important Sikh pilgrimage places, it preaches and, more importantly, practices universal brotherhood, love, and harmony. 

Due to numerous water sources and good quality soils, Punjab’s economy has been predominantly agriculture-based since the Green Revolution; the majority of the state is in a fertile alluvial plain with many rivers and a huge irrigation canal system. Wheat is the most widely grown crop. Rice, cotton, sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley, and fruit are among other major crops. Large amounts of livestock and fowl are also raised. Cotton, woolen, and silk textiles, metal products and machinery, food and beverages, and transportation equipment and parts are the industries with the most workers.

While the Punjabis are famed for their tenacity, their culture reflects a diverse range of historical civilizations. In Punjab, guests are treated as God’s representatives and are well looked after. Punjab is a place where artistry surrounds every area of life, and a sense of opulence pervades the atmosphere. Metalwork, needlework, wall paintings, jewellery, mud wall paintings, architecture, folk music, and dances all reflect the affluent culture of this northwestern Indian state. The state’s c ulture is diverse, containing a rich past as well as a thriving social scene. The Punjabi culture, which dates back over a century, is known for its tolerance, progressiveness, and logical attitude to life.

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