upsc mains essay paper 2022 pdf

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

UPSC Coaching, Study Materials, and Mock Exams

Enroll in ClearIAS UPSC Coaching Join Now Log In

Call us: +91-9605741000

Essay Paper UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 16, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

The Essay Paper in UPSC CSE 2022 was easy compared to previous years. Please find the questions in the Essay Paper of the UPSC 2022 Civil Services Mains Examination (written).

UPSC conducted the Essay Paper , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 16-09-2022. The question paper was not as shocking as last year.

There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).

Table of Contents

Essay Paper UPSC 2022 Instructions

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2022

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• Smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC , as always, has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.

Join Now: UPSC Prelims cum Mains Course

A philosophical theme is clearly evident in most of the essay topics in Section A as well as Section B. This was the case in 2020 and 2021 as well. It is a clue about what UPSC expects from the essay paper.

Rather than asking candidates to write on topics most aspirants are familiar with or trained with, UPSC is now evaluating the essay writing skills of aspirants by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics. 

This year, most of the topics were either proverbs or famous quotes.

All 8 topics presented this year will test the spontaneous thinking, comprehension, writing skills, and time management of aspirants.

Thinkers, Philosophers, and their Quotes

Let’s analyse the source of some of the question topics.

Join Now: CSAT Course

POETS ARE THE UNACKNOWLEDGED LEGISLATORS OF THE WORLD 

This essay topic is one of the best-known and most frequently quoted lines from the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822).

Shelley thinks that poets can institute laws and create new materials for knowledge, determining the role of poets as legislators. 

Shelley’s account of poetic language seeks to find an order to the chaos, which, possibly, Shelley sees in human society: the mess that only poets can fathom. 

Therefore, he thinks, the poets’ enhanced poetic language can re-institute order in human society. 

A SHIP IN HARBOUR IS SAFE BUT THAT IS NOT WHAT A SHIP IS FOR 

This essay topic is connected with John A Shedd , an author and professor, who is attributed to this quote. Reference: his book Salt from My Attic , a collection of quotes and sayings (1928).

Join Now: UPSC Prelims Test Series

This phrase means, that getting out of your comfort zone is key to experiencing new things and broadening your horizons.

Only taking risks helps us grow as people—to either achieve our goals or do the things we’ve always wanted to do.

THE TIME  TO REPAIR THE ROOF IS WHEN THE SUN IS SHINING 

This essay topic was connected with John F. Kennedy. In his 1962 State of the Union Address, John F. Kennedy declared, “The best time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining”.

The primary message of the quote is fixing a leak is best done when the weather is good, rather than when it is not.

Ideally, you should begin the work of fixing the roof as soon after the leak was found. The first sunny day would be ideal. It is not easy to fix a roof when it is raining.

This statement is being used to remind us to do the right things at the right time. It also points us to take the advantage of favourable time.

YOU CAN NOT STEP TWICE IN THE SAME RIVER 

This essay topic was quoted by Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher born in 544 b.c.

This means that you cannot step into the same river twice because the flow of the river will change each second. You will also change each second.

It is not possible to repeat past experiences, as time changes all things. You won’t get the exact experience twice. You need to live in the present and enjoy each moment.

A SMILE IS A CHOSEN VEHICLE FOR ALL AMBIGUITIES 

This essay topic was quoted by Herman Melville, an American novelist.

JUST BECAUSE YOU HAVE A CHOICE DOES NOT MEAN THAT ANY OF THEM HAS TO BE RIGHT 

This essay topic was quoted by Norton Juster, an American academic, architect, and writer in his book The Phantom Tollbooth

What should aspirants preparing for next year do for an essay paper?

First of all, you should take the essay paper seriously.

Unless properly trained, it is not easy to write 10-12 pages on an abstract or philosophical topic.

You need to polish your comprehension and analytical skills.

Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays.

Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.

Also, be prepared to write essays touching on other areas like society, politics, economy, or technology. UPSC is known for surprises.

Remember that there is nothing like a constant trend with respect to UPSC questions.

What you get by analysing the previous year’s question papers are clues. And only those are what you need from UPSC questions!

Take a Test: Analyse Your Progress

Aim IAS, IPS, or IFS?

About ClearIAS Team

ClearIAS is one of the most trusted learning platforms in India for UPSC preparation. Around 1 million aspirants learn from the ClearIAS every month.

Our courses and training methods are different from traditional coaching. We give special emphasis on smart work and personal mentorship. Many UPSC toppers thank ClearIAS for our role in their success.

Download the ClearIAS mobile apps now to supplement your self-study efforts with ClearIAS smart-study training.

Reader Interactions

September 17, 2022 at 5:03 am

I want to join this…..

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

Join ClearIAS PCM Course Now

UPSC Online Preparation

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
• Indian Police Service (IPS)
• IAS Exam Eligibility
• UPSC Free Study Materials
• UPSC Exam Guidance
• UPSC Prelims Test Series
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Online
• UPSC Prelims
• UPSC Interview
• UPSC Toppers
• UPSC Previous Year Qns
• UPSC Age Calculator
• UPSC Calendar 2024
• About ClearIAS
• ClearIAS Programs
• ClearIAS Fee Structure
• IAS Coaching
• UPSC Coaching
• UPSC Online Coaching
• ClearIAS Blog
• Important Updates
• Announcements
• Book Review
• ClearIAS App
• Work with us
• Advertise with us
• Privacy Policy
• Terms and Conditions
• Talk to Your Mentor

Featured on

and many more...

IAS EXAM PORTAL

• Study Notes
• Current Affairs
• Getting Started

NEW!   The Gist (FREE)  | E-BOOKS  |

HOT!   UPSC 2024-2025 COMPLETE STUDY NOTES  

(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Essay Exam Question Paper - 2022

NEW!    UPSC MAINS G.S. SOLVED PAPERS (LAST 15 Years)

(Download) UPSC Mains 2022 Question Paper: Essay Compulsory

• Marks : 250 (125x2)
• Duration: 3 hours
• Exam Date:  16-09-2022
• Year : 2022
• Exam Date : 

Write Two Essays, choosing One from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each.

Section-a (125 marks) - choose any one essay, q-1.forests are the best case studies for economic excellence., q-2.poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world., q-3.history is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man., q-4.a ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for., download upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers pdf, section-b (125 marks)- choose any one essay, q-1.the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining., q-2.you cannot step twice in the same river., q-3.a smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities., q-4.just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right., click here to download full papers pdf, (e-book) upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers ( 2000-2020 ) pdf, download upsc mains gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc pre gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc mains gs solved papers pdf, printed study material for ias mains general studies, printed study material for ias mains essay, << go back to main page.

• trainee5's blog

NEW!   UPSC IAS COMPLETE NOTES

NEW!   UPSC MAINS G.S. 12 Years Solved Papers

NEW! UPSC Exam Complete Study Notes (PDF Available)

• ALERT: UPSC IAS, IPS, IFS 2024-2025 Exam...
• Download UPSC IAS PRELIM (GS+CSAT) Question...
• (Download) UPSC Toppers Study Notes PDF
• UPSC Exam Complete Study Notes 2024-2025 (...
• (Download) UPSC, IAS MAINS Exam Previous...
• Getting Started for UPSC, IAS Exam - FAQ for...
• UPSC Civil Services PRELIM Exam 2024, 2025...
• UPSC आईएएस प्रारंभिक परीक्षा पिछले वर्ष के...
• Download E-Books PDF for UPSC IAS Exams
• (Date Sheet) UPSC IAS EXAM Calendar 2024
• New! THE HINDU, YOJANA, PIB PDF
• New! UPSC PRELIM Papers 2004-2023
• IAS परीक्षा पेपर in Hindi 2004-2023
• UPSC Syllabus PDF Download
• New! IAS MAINS Papers 2010-2023
• PDF Study Notes for UPSC (Hot!)
• E-books PDF Download  
• NCERT Books Download  | NCERT Hindi PDF
• New! UPSC MAINS SOLVED PAPERS PDF
• OLD NCERT PDF  
• UPSC 2024 Exam Calendar

UPSC 2024-25  |  Papers  |  Study Notes  | Coaching  | E-Books

UPSC Hindi  |  यूपीइससी 2024   |  पेपर्स  |  IAS HINDI NOTES  

Disclaimer: IAS EXAM PORTAL (UPSC PORTAL) is not associated with Union Public Service Commission, For UPSC official website visit - www.upsc.gov.in

About Us | Contact Us | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy

© 2006-2024 IAS EXAM PORTAL - India's Largest Online Community for IAS, Civil Services Aspirants.

UPSC Mentor

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Pdf Download

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper

In the given article, We provide UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper. Here you can read questions asked in the UPSC 2022 Essay Paper and also download UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper pdf. As you know previous year question paper are very important and play a guiding role in your preparation that why we provide UPSC IAS question paper for last 10 years.

Question Asked in UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2022 are given below:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Pets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Section – B

1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2. You cannot step twice in the same river.

3. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Similar Posts

UPSC Prelims Topic Wise Questions for Art And Culture And Ancient History – Last 15 Year

UPSC Prelims Topic Wise Questions for Geography – Last 15 Year

UPSC Prelims Topic Wise Questions for Medieval India – Last 15 Year

UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper 2 Pdf Download

UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper 1 Pdf Download

UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper Pdf Download

• UPSC Mains PYQ (1979 to 2023)
• UPSC Result
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Interview
• Art & Culture
• Environment
• International Relation
• Previous Year Paper’s
• Science & Tech
• Toppers Copy
• Agriculture Optional Notes
• Anthropology Optional Notes
• Chemistry Optional Notes
• Commerce Optional Notes
• Economics Optional Notes
• Geography Optional Notes
• History Optional Notes
• Law Optional Notes
• Mathematics Optional Notes
• Philosophy Optional Notes
• Public Administration Optional Notes
• Political Science Optional Notes
• Physics Optional Notes
• Sociology Optional Notes
• GS Score Prelims Test
• Only IAS Prelims Test
• Rau’s IAS Prelims Test
• Shankar IAS Prelims Test
• Vision IAS Prelims Test – English
• Vision IAS Prelims Test – Hindi
• Insight IAS – English
• Insight IAS – Hindi
• Next IAs Prelims Test
• Vision Ias Mains Test – English
• Vision Ias Mains Test – Hindi
• Next IAS Mains Test
• Rau’s IAS Mains Test
• GS Score Mains Test
• Insight IAS Mains Test – English
• Insight IAS Mains Test – Hindi
• Anthropology Optional Test
• Geography Optional Test
• Geology Optional Notes
• History Optional Test
• Mathematics Optional Test
• Optional Test Series
• PSIR Optional Test
• Public Administration Optional Test
• Sociology Optional Test
• Vision IAS Monthly – English
• Vision IAS Monthly – Hindi
• GS Score Monthly
• GS Score Weekly
• Kurukshetra – English
• Kurukshetra – Hindi
• Rau’s IAS Monthly
• Rau’s Prelims Compass
• Rau’s Mains Compass
• Yojana English
• Yojana Hindi
• Insight IAS Magazine – English
• Insights IAS Magazine – Hindi
• Vision IAS – English
• Vision IAS – Hindi
• Shankar IAS
• Standard Books
• NCERT Books
• IGNOU Books
• Sign in / Join

UPSC Civil Services Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper PDF Download

Upsc civil services mains 2022 essay question paper download pdf.

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page.

Question Asked:

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected] , We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me     [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to    UPSC Prelims material    and  UPSC Mains material  and   UPSC Optionals material    and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All pdf which are provided here are for education purposes only. please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them commercial. we request you to respect our hard work. we are providing everything free here. upscpdf.com will not charge any cost for any service here., if you are new to upsc field, we recommend you to know about   upsc prelims   and  upsc mains   and   upsc optionals   and test series [prelims/mains] and also magazine   for better understanding. all our advertisements are decent ads [we don’t compromise in the quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me   [email protected], upscpdf.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. thank you..

• Advertisement
• Privacy Policy

Javascript not detected. Javascript required for this site to function. Please enable it in your browser settings and refresh this page.

[Download pdf] UPSC IAS Mains 2022 – GS 2 Question Paper

PYQ Discussion 2024 Batch-1, An opportunity to revise 2011-2023 PYQ’s, Batch Starts 24th April 2024 Click Here   for more information

Dear Friends,

On the 2nd day of the UPSC Mains 2022 examination, GS 2 paper has been conducted, in the 2nd session. You can download the UPSC Mains 2022 GS 2 Question Paper using the link given below

UPSC Mains 2022 GS 2 Question Paper PDF

Mains 2022 – GS 2 Question Paper

Q.1) “The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.2) “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute.” Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.3). To what extent, in your opinion, has the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots ? (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.4) Discuss the role of the Vice-President of India as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.5) Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.6) The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.7) The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (Answer in 150 words ) 10 Marks

Q.8) Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. (Answer in 150 words ) 10 Marks

Q.9) ‘India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Q.10)Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation? (Answer in 150 words )  10 Marks

Q.11) Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Q.12) Discuss the essential conditions for exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor. Discuss the legality of re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Q.13) “While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy.” Comment. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Q.14) Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected. (Answer in 250 words ) 15 Marks

Q.15) Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (Answer in 250 words ) 15 Marks

Q.16) Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Q.17) Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Q.18) The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse. (Answer in 250 words ) 15 Marks

Q.19) How will I2U2 ( India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (Answer in 250 words)15 Marks

Q.20)  ‘Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (Answer in 250 words ) 15 Marks

GS 2 or General Studies paper consists of 20 questions, based on the syllabus defined by UPSC (Nothing is defined in reality :() ).

The  syllabus of GS Paper 2 includes subjects like Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social justice and International relations.

[Download PDF] UPSC IAS Mains 2022 –  Essay Question Paper

[Download PDF] UPSC IAS Mains 2022 –  GS Paper 1 Question Paper

To access the Previous Year Question Papers  –  Click Here 

Previous Year UPSC Mains Papers

Type your email…

Search Articles

Latest articles.

• [Answered] UPSC Mains Answer writing 9 April, 2024 I Mains Marathon
• 10 PM UPSC Current Affairs Quiz 10 April, 2024
• 9 PM UPSC Current Affairs Articles 10 April, 2024
• Globalisation of Indian rupee
• To be a doctor in “India”
• Laws for better climate
• Parental consent before using a child’s personal data: Aadhaar-based age tokens can solve a privacy problem
• India’s struggle with TB drug shortages: Gross mismanagement
• Climate crisis is not gender-neutral
• India’s solar energy capacity: The ‘import restrictions’ on solar PV cells

Prelims 2024 Current Affairs

• Art and Culture
• Indian Economy
• Science and Technology
• Environment  & Ecology
• International Relations
• Polity &  Nation
• Important Bills and Acts
• International Organizations
• Index, Reports and Summits
• Government Schemes and Programs
• Miscellaneous
• Species in news

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Paper 2022

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 began from 16th September 2022 and will end on 25th September 2022.

Table of Contents

The UPSC CSE conducted by UPSC has three stages – Prelims, Mains and Interview. The UPSC Prelims 2022 was conducted on 5 th June 2022 and the results for UPSC CSE Prelims were announced on 22 nd June 2022.

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 began from 16 th September 2022 and will end on 25 th September 2022

The UPSC CSE Mains Examination checks the intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates, rather than merely the range of their knowledge.

The UPSC Main (Written) exam would be conducted for a period of 5 days – 16th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th September 2022.

Candidates can check the timetable for UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 from the link given below.

UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 Timetable

UPSC CSE Mains 2022 Essay Paper Analysis

The candidates have to write two essays, one from each section. Out of 8 questions, the candidate has to choose and write on two essay topics. The candidates are expected to write the answers in about 1000-1200 words for each essay. The duration for the UPSC CSE Mains Essay paper is of 3 hours. The Essay paper was held in the morning session on 16 th September 2022 from 9 AM to 12 PM.

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Paper 2022 Questions

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
• You cannot step twice in the same river
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

The candidates can check the UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper PDF from the link given below.

UPSC CSE Mains Essay Question Paper 2022 PDF Download

Based on the analysis, here are a few opinions and reviews about the essay paper:

• Most of the candidates felt that the essay paper was tough as compared to last year.
• Looking at the essay paper of Mains 2022, the candidates felt that the paper was unpredictable.
• Also, the veterans who are writing the Mains exam, not for the first time, felt that this year’s paper was a bit similar in nature to last year’s paper.
• In general, section A would contain topics related to social issues, policymaking etc. which extensively demand quoting of a lot of factual information. Whereas, section B would have abstract or philosophical topics. But since 2021 in essay paper, both the section have philosophical or abstract topics.
• Essay paper from last year is testing whether the candidates have their own thinking process which is deep, analytical and philosophical.
• A few candidates felt that this paper checks the personality of the candidate, which cannot be learnt or gained overnight by studying facts from books, magazines or other sources.

Sharing is caring!

Leave a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

BPSC Exam 2024

• BSPC 70th Notification 2024
• BPSC Syllabus and Exam Pattern
• 69th BPSC Question Paper 2023
• 69th BPSC Cut-Off  
• BPSC Exam Date
• BPSC Officer Salary
• BPSC Previous Year paper 

UPPSC RO ARO 2024

• UPPSC RO ARO Notification 2024
• UPPSC RO ARO Syllabus 2024
• UPPSC RO ARO eligibility 2024
• UPPSC RO ARO PYQ
• UPPSC RO ARO Salary 2024

RPSC RAS 2024

• RPSC RAS Question Paper
• RPSC RAS Exam Analysis 
• RPSC RAS Cut off
• RPSC RAS Notification
• RPSC RAS Syllabus
• RPSC RAS Salary
• RPSC RAS Previous Year paper 
• Madhya Pradesh Judiciary
• Punjab Judiciary
• Bihar Judiciary

• Notification
• Exam Date/Calendar
• History & Culture
• Polity & Governance
• Environment & Ecology
• Government Schemes & Initiatives
• UPSC Daily Quiz 2023
• UPSC Prelims Mock Test 
• UPSC Current Affairs 2023
• Yojana Magazine
• The Hindu Editorial

IMPORTANT EXAMS

• UPSC Notification
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Prelims P.Y.Q
• UPSC Final Result 2023

UPSC EPFO/APFC

• UPSC EPFO Syllabus
• UPSC EPFO Admit Card
• UPSC APFC Notification
• UPSC APFC Syllabus
• UPPSC PCS 2024
• MPPSC PCS 2024
• RPSC PCS 2024
• UKPSC PCS 2024

Our Other Websites

• Teachers Adda
• Bankers Adda
• Adda Malayalam
• Adda Punjab
• Current Affairs
• Defence Adda
• Adda Bengali
• Engineers Adda
• Adda Marathi
• Adda School

UPSC CSE Exam (Popularly called UPSC IAS Exam) is one of the toughest exam in this country. Needless to say, a dedicated and right approach is required to clear this IAS Exam.

Download Adda247 App

Follow us on

• Responsible Disclosure Program
• Cancellation & Refunds
• Terms & Conditions
• Privacy Policy

• UPSC History Notes
• UPSC Geography Notes
• UPSC Polity Notes
• UPSC Ethics Notes
• UPSC Economics Notes
• UPSC Science and Technology Notes
• UPSC Govt. Schemes Notes
• UPSC eligibility-criteria
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Exam Pattern
• UPSC Admit Card
• UPSC Optional Subject
• UPSC Prelims Syllabus
• UPSC Main Exam Pattern
• UPSC prelims-2024-exam-pattern

Study Materials and Notes for UPSC 2024 for FREE!

• Non-Cooperation Movement 1920
• List of Jnanpith Award Winners (1965-2024), Prize Money
• Special Marriage Act, 1954
• Top 10 Largest Oil Producing Countries in the World
• List of Top 10 Largest Soybean-Producing Countries in the World
• Role of Caste in Indian Politics
• Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013 - Features, Powers and Functions
• Russian Revolution: Cause, History, Timeline, Bolsheviks
• Wardha Scheme of Basic Education 1937
• Role of Trade Union in India
• State Wise Literacy Rate in India 2023
• List of Current Social Issues in India [Latest]
• Farmers' Suicides in India
• What is Bureaucracy? Definition, Characteristics, and Impact
• Land Degradation: Impact and Steps Taken by Government
• Functions of Election Commission
• Relationship Between Parliament and Judiciary

UPSC Free Study Material: Preparing for the UPSC exams requires access to the right resources and study materials. Fortunately, there are many free resources available that can help aspirants prepare effectively for these competitive exams. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to free UPSC study materials and notes.

We’ll explore various subjects and resources available online that can be instrumental in your UPSC preparation journey.

Free UPSC Study Materials: Online Notes for Prelims and Mains

Here is a curated list of all the FREE study materials that are available at GeeksforGeeks.

UPSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers

Upsc exam overall exam pattern 2024.

Before diving into the study materials, it’s crucial to understand the UPSC exam pattern. The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is conducted in three phases:

• Preliminary Examination (Prelims) : Consists of two objective-type papers (General Studies and CSAT) for screening purposes.
• Main Examination (Mains) : Comprises nine papers, including essay writing, four General Studies papers, two Optional papers, and two language papers.
• Personality Test (Interview) : The final stage assesses the candidate’s suitability for a career in civil services.

UPSC Exam 2024

Preparing for the UPSC exams can be less stressful when you have access to the right resources. The free study materials and notes available online can be a great asset in your preparation strategy. Remember, consistent study, revision, and staying updated with current affairs are key to cracking the UPSC exams. Good luck with your preparation!

Please Login to comment...

Similar reads.

• UPSC Preparation
• 10 Ways to Use Slack for Effective Communication
• 10 Ways to Use Google Docs for Collaborative Writing
• NEET MDS 2024 Result: Toppers List, Category-wise Cutoff, and Important Dates
• NDA Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Download Your Hall Ticket Soon on upsc.gov.in!
• 30 OOPs Interview Questions and Answers (2024)

Improve your Coding Skills with Practice

What kind of Experience do you want to share?

Call us @ 08069405205

Search Here

• An Introduction to the CSE Exam
• Personality Test
• Annual Calendar by UPSC-2024
• Common Myths about the Exam
• About Insights IAS
• Our Mission, Vision & Values
• Director's Desk
• Meet Our Team
• Our Branches
• Careers at Insights IAS
• Daily Current Affairs+PIB Summary
• Insights into Editorials
• Insta Revision Modules for Prelims
• Current Affairs Quiz
• Static Quiz
• Current Affairs RTM
• Insta-DART(CSAT)
• Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Prelims 2024
• Secure (Mains Answer writing)
• Secure Synopsis
• Ethics Case Studies
• Insta Ethics
• Weekly Essay Challenge
• Insta Revision Modules-Mains
• Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Mains
• Secure (Archive)
• Anthropology
• Law Optional
• Kannada Literature
• Public Administration
• English Literature
• Medical Science
• Mathematics
• Commerce & Accountancy
• Monthly Magazine: CURRENT AFFAIRS 30
• Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
• InstaMaps: Important Places in News
• Weekly CA Magazine
• The PRIME Magazine
• Insta Revision Modules-Prelims
• Insta-DART(CSAT) Quiz
• Insta 75 days Revision Tests for Prelims 2022
• Insights SECURE(Mains Answer Writing)
• Interview Transcripts
• Previous Years' Question Papers-Prelims
• Answer Keys for Prelims PYQs
• Solve Prelims PYQs
• Previous Years' Question Papers-Mains
• UPSC CSE Syllabus
• Toppers from Insights IAS
• Testimonials
• Felicitation
• UPSC Results
• Indian Heritage & Culture
• Ancient Indian History
• Medieval Indian History
• Modern Indian History
• World History
• World Geography
• Indian Geography
• Indian Society
• Social Justice
• International Relations
• Agriculture
• Environment & Ecology
• Disaster Management
• Science & Technology
• Security Issues
• Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

• Indian Heritage & Culture
• Enivornment & Ecology

[MISSION 2024] Insights SECURE : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 10 April 2024

Click on EACH question to post/upload you answers.

How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2023: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

1. By recognizing and addressing the gendered dimensions of climate change and empowering women, societies can harness the full potential of all individuals to build a more sustainable and resilient future. Explain. (250 words).

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: While climate action requires 100% involvement of the population, at the same time, empowering women would mean better climate solutions Key Demand of the question: To write about the role empowered women can play in finding better climate solutions.  Directive word:  Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts . Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Start by giving context.  Body: First, write about the disproportionate impact of climate change on women. Next, write about the role empowered women can play in this regard – role in sustainable development, their knowledge and innovation potential, and the benefits of addressing reproductive rights and economic empowerment. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, and Human Resources.

2.  India has one of the highest burdens of Tuberculosis (TB) globally, and ensuring an adequate supply of quality-assured drugs is crucial for effective treatment. Examine the major impediments to ending TB in India.  (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu ,  Insights on India

Why the question: With less than two years left to achieve the ambitious goal set by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018 to “eliminate” TB in India, the pharmacy of the Global South is once again struggling to treat patients with drug-sensitive TB. Key Demand of the question: To write about the challenges posed by TB and ways to end it. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving statistic highlighting the incidence and impact of TB in India. Body: First, write about the various measures taken and progress made in fight against TB in India. Next, write about the shortcomings of the above with a special emphasis on drug shortage and other major challenges in India’s fight against TB. Next, write about the possible solutions to the above issue to end TB in India – improving awareness, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, expanding access to diagnostics and treatment, targeting high-risk populations, and promoting research and innovation etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

3. The discovery of the Higgs boson was a significant milestone in the field of particle physics and had several profound impacts on our understanding of the universe. Comment. (250 words)

Why the question: Nobel prize-winning physicist Peter Higgs, who proposed the existence of the so-called ”God particle” that helped explain how matter formed after the Big Bang, has died at age 94. Key Demand of the question: To write about the importance of discovery of Higgs boson. Directive word:  Comment – here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving context of Higgs-Boson. Body: Write about the importance of the discovery of Higgs-Boson – confirmed the existence of the Higgs field and its mechanism for giving mass to particles, completing the Standard Model of particle physics, deepened our understanding of mass generation, provided insights into the early universe, and opened avenues for exploring new physics beyond the Standard Model. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

4. Assess the significance and challenges of harnessing tidal energy as a renewable source of power in India. (250 words)

Reference: Down to Earth

Why the question : The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To assess the significance and challenges of tidal energy, and to discuss the steps taken by MNRE in this regard. Directive word:  Assess – When asked to assess, you must consider the strengths and weaknesses of an argument and come to a conclusion after weighing the evidence. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Introduce the concept of tidal energy. Body: First, discuss the Significance of Tidal Energy – explain the advantages of tidal energy, including its predictability, low environmental impact, and potential to contribute to India’s renewable energy goals. Next, analyse the challenges associated with harnessing tidal energy, such as technological limitations, high upfront costs, environmental concerns, and site-specific requirements. Next, provide an overview of the steps taken by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to assess tidal energy potential in India, including the establishment of pilot projects and research initiatives. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome above mentioned challenges.

Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.

5. While 5G technology offers numerous benefits, the cost of upgrading infrastructure and acquiring new devices compatible with 5G can be prohibitive for consumers and businesses, especially in a country like India where affordability is a significant concern. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Why the question:  The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To understand the potential of 5G technology and how India could harness it. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by stating details of 5G network and its frequency range. Body: First, mention the various potential benefits of 5G technology such as faster access to critical services, building smart cities, developing competitiveness with other nations in service delivery standards etc. Next, discuss the challenges to roll out 5G such as high cost of installation, public apprehension regarding safety, need for a robust policy and Centre-state coordination etc. Conclusion: Conclude by stating that more and more discussions and quick action is the need of the hour for India to quickly harness the potential of 5G technology.

General Studies – 4

Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;

6. What do you understand by altruism? Discuss. (150 words)

Reference: plato.stanford.edu

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Directive: Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Define altruism. Body: Elaborate, Everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism, from holding the door for strangers to giving money to people in need. News stories often focus on grander cases of altruism, such as a man who dives into an icy river to rescue a drowning stranger or a donor who gives thousands of dollars to a local charity. Conclusion: Summarise by highlighting the importance of altruism in present day and the need to use it for positive outcomes.

Topic: moral and political attitudes.

7. What do you understand by public morality? Explain with examples. (150 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Directive word:  Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Give a simple elaboration on the concept of public morality. Body: Write about aspects such as what is accepted within the realms of public morality, is it static and indestructible by quoting few examples. Influence of public morality on legislations and the changes with time such as legalisation of same-sex marriage etc. Conclusion: Conclude by stating that society evolves with time and thus the public morality also takes its shape, however certain historically sustainable values must be preserved as well.

Click here to Download the SECURE Questions in PDF Format

Join our Official Telegram Channel  HERE

Please subscribe to Our podcast channel HERE

Subscribe to our  YouTube Channel HERE

Follow our Twitter Account   HERE

Follow our Instagram ID HERE

Follow us on LinkedIn : HERE      

• Our Mission, Vision & Values
• Director’s Desk
• Commerce & Accountancy
• Previous Years’ Question Papers-Prelims
• Previous Years’ Question Papers-Mains
• Environment & Ecology
• Science & Technology

09 Apr 2024: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

09 April 2024 CNA Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related

Nothing here for today!!!

B. GS 2 Related

C. GS 3 Related

D. GS 4 Related

E. Editorials

Category: ECONOMY

1. Indian aviation, a case of air safety at a discount

Syllabus: GS-3, Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.

Mains: Safety vs. Commercial Interests in Airways

Introduction: Safety Concerns in Indian Aviation

• Despite recommendations by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) after a 2020 crash, the provision of RESA at Karipur Airport remains unresolved.
• The Minister threatened to curtail runway length if the land wasn’t provided to the Airports Authority of India (AAI) by August 2023.
• In January 2024, revised Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) Regulations were announced by the Minister to address pilot fatigue.
• However, airlines raised concerns about additional crew requirements, leading to the deferral of the implementation deadline.

Discrepancies in Safety Priorities:

• The actions of authorities raise questions about whether safety is truly a priority or if the commercial interests of airlines take precedence.
• Indefinite deferment of the FDTL regulations’ implementation suggests a prioritization of commercial concerns over passenger safety.
• The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) mandates Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) due to safety reasons.
• Countries like Japan, Singapore, and the UK emphasize fatigue management, contrasting with Indian practices.

Human Factor and Financial Stress:

• Financial stress can adversely impact pilots, as seen in past incidents involving gambling debts and suicide.
• Instances like Vistara’s pay structure changes raise concerns about pilot welfare and its potential impact on flight safety.
• Airlines need to recognize copilots as future captains and invest in their long-term growth and well-being.
• Human resource departments must prioritise pilots’ welfare and consider the mental and financial strain they may face.

Proposed Solutions for Improvement:

• Adopting ICAO Annex 1 Standard could attract experienced Indian captains working abroad to return.
• Utilizing retired pilots for simulator training could address training needs and release active pilots for flying duties.
• Overhauling outdated rules and addressing corruption within the aviation system is essential for progress.
• Emphasizing transparency and prioritizing brand loyalty over excuses for flight disruptions can elevate Indian aviation standards.

Nut Graf: Safety concerns in Indian aviation arise from unresolved issues like runway safety at Karipur Airport and deferred fatigue management regulations. Commercial interests seem to outweigh safety priorities, calling for urgent reforms in regulations and practices.

Category: ENVIRONMENT

1. Heat affects India’s aim to move from coal to renewables

Syllabus: GS-3, Environmental Pollution and Degradation

Mains: Heatwave and their impact on water availability and electricity generation

Context: Forecasted Heat Waves and Their Impacts

• The India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) predicts an increase in the frequency of heat waves for the upcoming summer, posing significant challenges amidst an impending water crisis, political events like Lok Sabha polls, and rising food inflation.
• Elevated temperatures adversely affect agricultural productivity, crop yields, and labour efficiency, exacerbating the water scarcity issue in the southern regions of the country.
• IMD predicts the probability of above-normal temperatures across India for April- June 2024, with a predominant likelihood of temperatures surpassing normal levels.

Impact of Heat on Power Demand and Generation:

• Rising heat intensifies power demand in urban and industrial areas, straining existing infrastructure and resources.
• The power demand becomes crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of heat on health, productivity, and overall well-being.
• Coal-fired power plants currently play a significant role in meeting peak power demands due to their storage capabilities and consistent load factors, despite the government’s push towards renewable energy sources.
• While India aims for a substantial portion of its power generation to come from renewables by 2030, challenges such as intermittent solar output and limited power storage capacity continue to necessitate coal-based power generation to meet peak demands.

Challenges in Renewable Energy Storage:

• Despite ambitions for renewable energy expansion, India faces hurdles in energy storage, with battery-based and pumped hydro storage (PHS) being the most viable options.
• Both hydroelectric and PHS facilities encounter obstacles during periods of water scarcity, which are exacerbated during heat waves when water demand peaks for various purposes.
• The share of renewable energy sources in total electricity generation has remained relatively consistent since FY16, highlighting the ongoing challenges in transitioning away from fossil fuels.

Climate Change Concerns and Infrastructure Vulnerabilities:

• The unpredictability of climate change poses significant concerns for the performance of critical infrastructure, such as dams in the sub-Himalayan region, during periods of high heat and water stress.
• Thermal power generation also faces challenges due to water shortages, resulting in significant losses in power generation, as highlighted by the World Resources Institute’s analysis.
• These multifaceted challenges underscore the urgency of addressing the impacts of extreme weather events in India and transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable energy solutions.

Nut Graf: India faces increasing heat waves, exacerbating challenges like water scarcity and power demand. Despite aims for renewable energy, coal remains vital. Storage hurdles persist, while climate change adds uncertainty to infrastructure resilience.

Category: SECURITY

1. Marching ahead with technology absorption

Syllabus: GS-3, Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Mains: Integration of  disruptive technology in Armed Forces

Introduction: The Year of Technology Absorption

• The Indian Army designates 2024 as the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ to emphasize its commitment to leveraging technology for military transformation and staying ahead of adversaries.
• The focus is on embracing disruptive technologies (DT) like artificial intelligence , autonomous systems, robotics, and space technology to enhance strategic capabilities.

Absorption of Disruptive Technologies:

• Absorption involves acquiring, adapting, and integrating technologies into existing structures, known as legacy systems, in military terms.
• Integration of DTs with legacy systems is crucial, complementing rather than replacing existing platforms.
• Time-tested weapon platforms and tactics remain relevant, with the practical application of new technologies being key.

Strategic Considerations and Operational Realities:

• The realization of technology’s potential in warfare hinges on strategic employment strategies rather than mere acquisition.
• Recent conflicts like Russia-Ukraine highlight the importance of traditional methodologies alongside technological advancements.
• Adaptation to new conditions is vital, requiring operational and tactical changes rather than solely technological solutions.

Planning for Future Challenges:

• Future planning must prioritize technology’s role, acknowledging vulnerabilities and bridging gaps.
• Technology absorption should permeate unit levels, democratizing its use for true transformation.
• Macro-level considerations include organizational restructuring, human resource management, civil-military fusion, data integrity, and procurement policies tailored for DTs.

Conclusion:  While the Indian military progresses towards technology absorption, sustaining momentum requires a nuanced understanding of requirements, informed by the recent and ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict . 

Nut Graf: The Indian Army’s focus on the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ underscores its commitment to embracing disruptive technologies to stay ahead in warfare, emphasizing integration with existing systems and strategic adaptation over mere acquisition.

F. Prelims Facts

1. Households’ debt surged to fresh high by December 2023

Context: India’s household debt has surged to a record high of 40% of GDP by December 2023, while net financial savings plummeted to approximately 5%, as per a report.

Despite the Finance Ministry’s reassurances, concerns persist over the implications of increased borrowing. The Reserve Bank of India’s earlier report highlighted a 47-year low in net financial savings at 5.1% of GDP for 2022-23. Analysts attribute the rise in household debt to a significant increase in unsecured personal loans. Weak income growth, coupled with robust consumption and physical savings, contributed to the decline in savings. This trend is expected to negatively impact private consumption and investment growth.

Significance: With household financial savings projected to remain low, the data underscores growing financial strain among Indian households, posing challenges to economic stability and growth.

2. Right against climate change a fundamental right, says SC

Context: In a groundbreaking decision, the Supreme Court of India has acknowledged the right against the adverse effects of climate change as a distinct fundamental right in the Constitution. 

About: Citing Articles 14 and 21, which guarantee the right to equality and the right to life respectively, the court emphasized the interconnectedness between environmental stability and fundamental human rights. The judgment, issued in a case concerning the survival of the endangered Great Indian Bustard species, underscores the urgent need to address climate change’s impact on biodiversity and human well-being. The court highlighted the pivotal role of solar power in combating climate change, citing its potential to enhance energy security, mitigate air pollution, and safeguard public health. 

Significance: This decision marks a significant step towards recognizing and protecting environmental rights in India’s legal framework, signalling a commitment to sustainable development and climate resilience.

3. Cochin Shipyard signs ship repair agreement with U.S. Navy

Context: Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) has entered into a Master Shipyard Repair Agreement (MRSA) with the U.S., making it the third Indian shipyard to do so after Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL). 

About: This agreement allows CSL to repair U.S. Navy ships, furthering cooperation between India and the U.S. in ship maintenance. The move aligns with the goal of positioning India as a regional hub for ship repair and maintenance. Both countries see this collaboration as mutually beneficial, providing business opportunities and expertise to Indian shipyards while offering the U.S. Navy convenient options for ship repairs. 

Significance: The agreement underscores the commitment expressed by both Indian and U.S. leaders to enhance India’s role in maintaining and repairing U.S. Navy assets, promoting closer bilateral ties in defense and maritime cooperation.

4. TASL’s satellite successfully deployed in space

Context: Tata Advanced Systems Ltd. (TASL) has celebrated a milestone with the successful launch of its TSAT-1A satellite into space aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket. 

About: The satellite, boasting sub-metre resolution optical capabilities was deployed as part of the Bandwagon-1 mission from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This achievement stems from TASL’s collaboration with Satellogic, which combined Satellogic’s expertise in earth observation satellites with TASL’s proficiency in complex system integration.

Significance: The deployment marks a significant advancement in India’s space capabilities and underscores the country’s growing prowess in the field of satellite technology.

H. UPSC Mains Practice Questions

• Critically examine the strategic importance of technology absorption for modern warfare, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities India faces in this endeavour. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-3, Security & Defence]
• Discuss the challenges and implications of India’s transition from coal to renewable energy sources amidst increasing heat waves and climate change concerns. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-3, Environment]

Read previous CNA articles here .

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

IAS 2024 - Your dream can come true!

Download the ultimate guide to upsc cse preparation.

• Share Share

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.