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N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center

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About clinic

The Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Russian Ministry of Health is the largest oncological clinic in Russia and Europe, one of the largest oncological clinics in the world, which has the latest equipment and all advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

We see our goal as continuous improvement of the quality and availability of cancer care. To achieve this goal, we are working on improving the system of organizing medical care and introducing the latest technologies.

The structure of the center includes five divisions:

• Research Institute of Clinical Oncology named after N.N. Trapeznikov, designed for 900 beds;
• Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, designed for 150 beds;
• Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology, designed for 50 beds;
• Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, which includes 16 laboratories;
• Research Institute for Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, which includes 15 laboratories.
• The center daily provides high-tech oncological care at the level of the best world standards, using many innovative, including unique technologies to save patients.

On the basis of the center, there are 8 departments of medical academies and universities.

The main activities of the center:

• Provision of highly qualified medical care to patients with malignant neoplasms and precancerous pathology;
• Carrying out scientific research in the field of studying the biology of tumor cells, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and tumor progression (molecular, virological, chemical-physical, genetic, cellular, immunological aspects);
• Experimental and clinical development of new technologies in the field of surgical treatment of malignant tumors;
• Development of new means and methods of diagnostics, drug, radiation and combination therapy, as well as active prevention of tumors;
• Development of issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention in the field of pediatric oncology;
• Studying the epidemiology of malignant tumors, improving the methods of oncological statistics;
• Development, together with preventive medicine specialists, of a national screening program in oncology;
• Organization and conduct of telemedicine consultations in the following areas: oncology, radiotherapy, radiology, pathological anatomy, cytology, immunology, pediatric oncology, etc .;
• Implementation of the methodological guidance of the oncological service of the Russian Federation, development, together with the professional community and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, of clinical recommendations, procedures and standards for the provision of oncological care;
• The introduction of new devices and technologies in the treatment and diagnostic process and for the prevention of malignant neoplasms;
• Training of scientific and medical personnel through residency, postgraduate studies, doctoral studies and in the system of additional professional education.

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Medical Research

Medical schools and teaching hospitals pioneer discoveries and innovations that save lives and transform health care.

Scientists and physicians at medical schools and teaching hospitals discover new treatments and bring them from the laboratory bench to the patient bedside. More than half of all research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health is conducted at medical schools and teaching hospitals. The advances and innovations that come from this research save lives and improve the quality of life for millions of patients.

As the leading voice and advocate for America’s medical schools and teaching hospitals, the AAMC champions an environment in which medical discovery can flourish, works to prepare a diverse medical research workforce, and strengthens the integrity of medical research.

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Podcast: a pivotal moment for science: a conversation with dr. francis collins .

In this episode of “Beyond the White Coat,” David Skorton, AAMC president and CEO, talks with Francis Collins, MD, PhD, director of the National Institutes of Health about how the United States can push ahead with the most critical research projects in a time when so much is constrained by unusual circumstances.  The inaugural season of the "Beyond the White Coat" podcast features providers and researchers in academic medicine who discuss how they are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The podcast also examines ongoing, difficult conversations around clinical care and research. Learn more 

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The AAMC leads and supports initiatives and projects to advance life-saving medical research that inspires members of the academic medicine community to serve the public, promote health, and improve care for all.

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The AAMC publishes resources on topics related to medical research.

• National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study
• MD-PhD Program Graduates: Current Workplaces, Research Effort, and Types of Research They Do
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• Implementing the Regulations on Financial Conflicts of Interest: Results from the AAMC Conflict of Interest Metrics Project
• Administration and Infrastructure for the Translational and Clinical Research Enterprise
• The Functions of Centers and Institutes in Academic Biomedical Research

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The AAMC is a leading voice and advocate for the full spectrum of medical research. We work with federal policy makers to ensure that our members' perspective is incorporated into federal legislation and regulation.

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MRC list of institutes, units and centres

The Medical Research Council (MRC) provides funding to the research institutes, units and centres listed below.

• Laboratory of Molecular Biology
• Laboratory of Medical Sciences
• Health Data Research UK
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Centres and Units

Infections and immunity board.

• MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit at the University of Oxford
• MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)
• MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research
• MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit
• MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London
• MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at University of Exeter
• MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection at Imperial College London

Molecular and Cellular Medicine Board

• MRC Human Genetics Unit at the University of Edinburgh
• MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit at the University of Cambridge
• MRC Molecular Haematology Unit at the University of Oxford
• MRC Prion Unit at University College London
• MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit at the University of Dundee
• MRC Toxicology Unit at the University of Cambridge
• MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London
• Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge

Strategic Partnerships:

• MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford
• Institute of Genetics and Cancer at the University of Edinburgh
• Research Complex at Harwell

Neurosciences and Mental Health Board

• MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
• MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
• MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Population and Systems Medicine Board

• MRC Biostatistics Unit (BSU), Cambridge
• MRC Clinical Trials Unit (CTU), UCL
• MRC Epidemiology Unit (EU), University of Cambridge
• MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol
• MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL
• MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit (MDU), University of Cambridge
• MRC & CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit (SPHSU), University of Glasgow
• Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford
• MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool/Sheffield/NCL
• MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), Birmingham/Nottingham
• Versus Arthritis/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton
• MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre (LEC), University of Southampton
• MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh .

Last updated: 27 November 2023

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Medical research articles from across Nature Portfolio

Medical research involves research in a wide range of fields, such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology with the goal of developing new medicines or medical procedures or improving the application of those already available. It can be viewed as encompassing preclinical research (for example, in cellular systems and animal models) and clinical research (for example, clinical trials).

Frequent jumps from human hosts

An analysis of publicly available viral genomes explores the evolutionary dynamics of host jumps and shows that humans are as much a source of viral spillover events to other animals as they are recipients.

• Christophe Dessimoz

Intensive blood pressure control does not lower risk of cardiac conduction system diseases

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The 10 th Barossa meeting: Cell Signalling to Cancer Medicine

• Winnie L. Kan
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News and Comment

Audio long read: Why are so many young people getting cancer? What the data say

Researchers are scrambling to explain why rates of multiple cancers are increasing among adults under the age of 50.

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Response to the Commentary on: Safety and feasibility of percutaneous needle tunneling with platelet-rich plasma injections for Peyronie’s disease in the outpatient setting: a pilot study

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DESTINATION

1. Overview

Brief introduction to the country and its reputation in medical tourism.

Russia, the world’s largest country by land area, offers a unique blend of history, culture, and cutting-edge technology. While Russia may not be the first destination that comes to mind when considering medical tourism, it has been gaining traction in this field. With substantial investments in healthcare infrastructure and medical research, Russia is slowly but steadily becoming a destination worth considering for various medical procedures. The country has a growing reputation for offering state-of-the-art medical treatments, often at a fraction of the cost you might pay in Western Europe or North America.

Historical and Cultural Significance in Medicine

Russia has a long-standing history of medical research and innovation. From the times of renowned scientists like Ivan Pavlov to contemporary achievements in cardiology and neurology, the country has been instrumental in contributing to global medical science. Russian medical institutions have also been engaged in pioneering work in fields like radiology, organ transplantation, and aerospace medicine, reflecting a cultural emphasis on scientific inquiry and innovation.

The Medical Landscape

The Russian healthcare system is a mix of public and private institutions, providing an array of treatments ranging from general medicine to specialized surgeries. While public healthcare is generally available to citizens, the growing private healthcare sector caters to both local and international patients, often providing services that match global standards.

What Draws Medical Tourists to Russia?

Medical tourists often find Russia appealing due to its advanced technology, specialized treatments, and relatively lower costs. Moreover, the prospect of combining medical treatment with a cultural experience is another attractive feature. Known for its grand architecture, vibrant arts scene, and rich history, Russia offers an all-around travel experience alongside high-quality medical care.

2. Popular Medical Procedures

List and brief descriptions of procedures.

• Cosmetic Surgery : Including procedures like rhinoplasty, liposuction, and breast augmentation, Russia is increasingly becoming a destination for cosmetic surgery.
• Dental Treatments : Dental implants, crowns, and veneers are some of the sought-after treatments.
• Cardiac Surgery : With advanced technology, cardiac procedures like bypass surgeries and angioplasties are performed at specialized centers.
• Orthopedic Surgeries : Hip and knee replacements are commonly done here with a high success rate.

Specializations or Pioneering Treatments

Russia is becoming known for its cancer treatments, including specialized radiation therapies and immunotherapy treatments. Additionally, the country has been involved in research and treatment of neurological conditions, offering specialized services in this domain.

3. Top Hospitals & Clinics

Renowned hospitals and clinics.

• Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg
• European Medical Center, Moscow
• Moscow City Clinical Hospital

Accreditation and Affiliation

Most top hospitals are accredited by Russian healthcare authorities and some even possess international accreditations. These hospitals often collaborate with international medical institutions for research and training purposes.

Special Features, Awards, or Recognitions

Many hospitals have received awards for medical excellence and innovations in treatments. They also offer features like English-speaking staff, modern facilities, and state-of-the-art medical equipment.

4. Cost Comparison

Comparative data.

On average, medical procedures in Russia can cost 30-70% less than in Western Europe or North America. For instance, a dental implant that might cost upwards of $3,000 in the United States could be available for around $1,000 in Russia.

Price Ranges

Costs can vary based on the facility, location, and type of procedure. Always get multiple quotes and consult with healthcare providers to get a more accurate picture.

5. Quality & Safety

Medical standards and practices.

Russia is committed to ensuring high standards of medical care, supported by its educational system that produces skilled doctors and medical professionals. While there might be variations in quality between rural and urban centers, most metropolitan areas have hospitals and clinics equipped with modern technology and well-trained staff.

Accreditation Systems and Regulatory Bodies

In Russia, medical facilities are generally regulated by the Ministry of Health. While not all hospitals may have international accreditations, most top institutions meet or exceed global healthcare standards.

Quality Checks and Patient Safety Protocols

Russian healthcare providers employ a variety of safety measures such as pre-surgical consultations, sterilization protocols, and rigorous post-operative care. They also tend to follow internationally recognized best practices to ensure patient safety.

Patient Rights

Patients have the right to quality healthcare, the right to choose their physician, and the right to confidentiality. These are enshrined in Russian medical law and are generally adhered to by healthcare providers.

6. Medical Visa Information

Guidelines and requirements.

To obtain a medical visa, you generally need a formal invitation from the Russian medical institution where you plan to receive treatment. Proof of financial stability and medical insurance are often required.

Duration, Documentation, and Application Process

The visa can be valid for up to 90 days, with possible extensions in case of medical necessity. Documentation usually includes your passport, invitation letter, visa application form, and photographs. Applications are typically processed within 10 to 20 business days, although expedited services are available for an additional fee.

Travel-related Advisories or Restrictions

It’s advisable to keep an eye on travel advisories and consult your home country's embassy or consulate for the most current information.

7. Cultural Considerations

Local customs and etiquette.

While Russia is generally welcoming to tourists, being aware of local customs and etiquette can enrich your experience. A basic understanding of Russian manners, such as greetings and proper attire, can be beneficial.

Language and Communication

While the primary language is Russian, English is often spoken in large hospitals and medical centers. Nonetheless, it's advisable to confirm the availability of English-speaking staff or interpreters.

Dietary Considerations

Russia offers a variety of cuisine options, though traditional foods might be heavy in meat and dairy. Vegetarian and vegan options are increasingly available, particularly in larger cities.

8. Travel & Accommodation

Popular areas to stay.

Moscow and St. Petersburg are popular destinations with proximity to top medical facilities. Both cities offer a range of lodging options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly hostels.

Proximity to Medical Facilities

Medical centers are often well-connected by public transportation or are just a short drive away from popular accommodation areas.

Transportation and Infrastructure

Russia has an extensive public transportation network, including subways, buses, and taxis. Apps like Uber are also widely used.

Post-procedure Relaxation and Recuperation Spots

Russia is rich in natural beauty, from the beaches of Sochi to the serene landscapes of Siberia, offering plenty of options for post-procedure relaxation.

9. Legal & Ethical Considerations

Legal rights of patients.

Patients have the right to informed consent, confidentiality, and quality healthcare as per Russian laws.

Medical Malpractice Laws and Patient Recourse

In cases of medical malpractice, patients have the right to legal recourse. However, legal proceedings can be long and complex.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical standards are generally in line with international norms. Issues such as organ transplantation are strictly regulated.

10. Benefits & Risks

Among the benefits are lower costs, high-quality specialized treatments, and the opportunity to explore Russian culture and history.

Potential Risks

Language barriers and variations in quality between rural and urban healthcare centers are some of the risks involved. Always conduct thorough research and consultations before proceeding with any medical treatment.

11. Post-procedure Care

Post-operative care.

Russian medical facilities often offer robust post-operative care programs, including rehabilitation and follow-up appointments.

Availability and Quality of Rehabilitation Centers

Rehabilitation centers, especially in metropolitan areas, are well-equipped and staffed with trained medical professionals.

12. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• Is English widely spoken in Russian hospitals? In major cities and top healthcare centers, yes. However, it's advisable to confirm this before you travel.
• How do I pay for medical procedures? Payment methods vary, but most top hospitals accept credit cards and wire transfers.
• Is it safe to travel alone? While generally safe, it is always advisable to be cautious and aware of your surroundings, especially in unfamiliar areas.
• Is medical insurance necessary? Yes, proof of medical insurance is usually a requirement for obtaining a medical visa.
• What is the quality of post-procedure care? High-quality post-procedure care is often available, particularly in specialized medical centers.

Global Provider Members

Russian Ruble

144,500,000

With an area the size of Russia, it is difficult to give any sort of general advice about the climate and weather, except that summers are warm to hot, and winters get very cold in some areas. In general, the climate of Russia can be described as highly continental, with warm-to-hot, dry summers and (very) cold winters with temperatures of -30°C or lower. Heavy snowfall is not uncommon.

Facilitators

Featured treatments.

MedicalTourism.com

MedicalTourism.com is a free, confidential, independent resource for patients and industry providers. Our mission is to provide a central portal where patients, medical tourism providers, hospitals, clinics, employers, and insurance companies can all find the information they need. Our site focuses on patients looking for specific knowledge in the fields of medical tourism, dental tourism, and health tourism.

Clinical Drug Experience Knowledgebase

Government of russia   report issue.

Organization Overview

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Alternative names

Active Ingredients

Research & Development (Clinical Trial Phases 1 -4)

Fda approved and marketed apis, drugs in phase 4 trials (36).

bromhexine ( 1 trial )

capecitabine (xeloda) ( 2 trials )

cilgavimab (Evushield) ( 1 trial )

cyclosporine (sandimmune) ( 1 trial )

dapagliflozin (farxiga) ( 2 trials )

dupilumab (dupixent) ( 2 trials )

dydrogesterone (gynorest) ( 1 trial )

empagliflozin (jardiance) ( 2 trials )

estradiol (progynon depot) ( 2 trials )

exenatide (byetta) ( 1 trial )

fenofibrate (fenoglide) ( 1 trial )

fluorouracil (efudex) ( 2 trials )

gamevac-combi ( 2 trials )

gliclazide ( 1 trial )

glimepiride (amaryl) ( 1 trial )

incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) ( 1 trial )

ketoprofen (orudis) ( 1 trial )

ketorolac (acuvail) ( 2 trials )

leucovorin ( 1 trial )

liraglutide (victoza) ( 1 trial )

melatonin ( 4 trials )

metformin (glucophage) ( 1 trial )

methotrexate ( 3 trials )

methylprednisolone (medrol) ( 1 trial )

mycophenolate (CellCept) ( 1 trial )

oxaliplatin (eloxatin) ( 1 trial )

pimecrolimus (elidel) ( 1 trial )

regdanvimab (Regkirona) ( 1 trial )

resveratrol ( 1 trial )

secukinumab (cosentyx) ( 1 trial )

simvastatin (zocor) ( 1 trial )

sitagliptin (januvia) ( 4 trials )

tixagevimab (Evusheld) ( 1 trial )

ustekinumab (stelara) ( 1 trial )

vildagliptin ( 1 trial )

vitamin d3 ( 6 trials )

Drugs in Phase 3 Trials (42)

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (Hemacord) ( 2 trials )

amino acids (Freamine) ( 1 trial )

amlodipine (norvasc) ( 1 trial )

amoxicillin ( 1 trial )

bisoprolol (zebeta) ( 1 trial )

cefuroxime (zinacef) ( 1 trial )

cisplatin (platinol) ( 1 trial )

clavulanate (Augmentin) ( 1 trial )

CoviVac ( 4 trials )

cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) ( 2 trials )

cytarabine (cytosar-u) ( 1 trial )

dexamethasone ( 1 trial )

doxorubicin (Doxil) ( 4 trials )

elsulfavirine (Elpida) ( 3 trials )

enoxaparin (lovenox) ( 1 trial )

epivaccorona ( 3 trials )

etoposide (vepesid) ( 1 trial )

fulvestrant (faslodex) ( 1 trial )

gam-covid-vac lyo ( 12 trials )

gam-covid-vac (rad26) ( 3 trials )

gam-covid-vac (rad5) ( 1 trial )

gamtbvac ( 3 trials )

Goflikicept ( 1 trial )

ifosfamide (ifex) ( 1 trial )

insulin human (humulin) ( 2 trials )

insulin lispro (humalog) ( 1 trial )

interferon alpha-2b (Intron-A) ( 3 trials )

meropenem (merrem) ( 1 trial )

molixan ( 1 trial )

paclitaxel (taxol) ( 1 trial )

Pegfilgrastim ( 1 trial )

perindopril (aceon) ( 1 trial )

phosphatidylcholine ( 1 trial )

ribavirin (virazole) ( 1 trial )

ribociclib (kisqali) ( 1 trial )

rituximab (rituxan) ( 1 trial )

sargramostim (leukine) ( 1 trial )

smallpox vaccine, tissue culture adapted jennerian (ACAM2000) ( 1 trial )

staphylokinase ( 1 trial )

triptorelin (Trelstar) ( 1 trial )

vac∆6 ( 2 trials )

vincristine (oncovin) ( 1 trial )

Drugs in Phase 2 Trials (41)

99mtc mip 1404 ( 1 trial )

allogeneic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell ( 1 trial )

autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells ( 1 trial )

autologous cd19/cd22 chimeric antigen receptor t-cells ( 1 trial )

autologous stromal vascular fraction ( 1 trial )

bbibp-corv ( 1 trial )

bendamustine (treanda) ( 1 trial )

betuvax-cov-2 ( 1 trial )

blood plasma ( 1 trial )

bvrs-gamvac-combi ( 2 trials )

cblb612 ( 1 trial )

cefepime (maxipeme) ( 1 trial )

chadox1 ( 3 trials )

COVID-19 convalescent plasma ( 1 trial )

dacarbazine (dtic-dome) ( 1 trial )

entolimod ( 1 trial )

fluorothyazinone ( 2 trials )

fluticasone (cutivate) ( 1 trial )

gamcovimab ( 1 trial )

gamfluvac ( 2 trials )

gamlpv ( 2 trials )

histamine ( 1 trial )

melphalan (alkeran) ( 2 trials )

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exosomes ( 2 trials )

methylene blue (proveblue) ( 1 trial )

mrna-1273 (Spikevax) ( 1 trial )

pembrolizumab (keytruda) ( 1 trial )

peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells ( 1 trial )

pertechnetate ( 1 trial )

Prolgolimab ( 1 trial )

propionyl l-carnitine ( 1 trial )

reparixin ( 1 trial )

ruxolitinib (jakafi) ( 1 trial )

sacubitril (Entresto) ( 1 trial )

sodium chloride ( 1 trial )

sodium succinate ( 1 trial )

tag-7 gene modified inactivated tumor cells ( 1 trial )

tivantinib ( 1 trial )

toremifene (fareston) ( 1 trial )

umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ( 1 trial )

valsartan (diovan) ( 1 trial )

Drugs in Phase 1 Trials (15)

aceclofenac ( 1 trial )

anakinra (Kineret) ( 1 trial )

docetaxel (taxotere) ( 1 trial )

gamemab ( 1 trial )

gamezumab ( 1 trial )

glycolic acid tetrasubstituted piceatannol ( 1 trial )

indomethacin (indocin) ( 1 trial )

live attenuated influenza virus vaccine (Flumist) ( 1 trial )

nioch-14 ( 1 trial )

platelet-rich plasma ( 1 trial )

sicov/kk46 ( 1 trial )

smallpox vaccine, heat-stable freeze-dried powder, first generation ( 1 trial )

smallpox vaccine, live attenuated (imvamune) ( 1 trial )

treamid ( 1 trial )

vv-gmcsf-lact ( 1 trial )

Drugs in Other Trials (24)

acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ( 1 trial )

amiodarone (cordarone) ( 1 trial )

cefoperazone (cefobid) ( 1 trial )

celecoxib (celebrex) ( 1 trial )

chlorhexidine (hibitane) ( 1 trial )

d-limonene ( 1 trial )

erythromycin (ilosone) ( 1 trial )

estriol ( 2 trials )

exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells ( 1 trial )

formoterol (foradil) ( 1 trial )

ginger ( 1 trial )

human fecal microbiota (Reybota) ( 2 trials )

kombucha ( 1 trial )

lignin ( 1 trial )

menthol (Salonpas) ( 1 trial )

metronidazole (flagyl) ( 1 trial )

Niferidil ( 2 trials )

onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) ( 1 trial )

potensa ( 1 trial )

propofol (diprivan) ( 1 trial )

quetiapine (seroquel) ( 1 trial )

sevoflurane (ultane) ( 1 trial )

tamsulosin (flomax) ( 1 trial )

tiotropium (spiriva) ( 1 trial )

Indications

Experimental Indications (Clinical Trials, Phases 1-4)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Phase 3)

Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 4)

Asthma (Phase 2)

Back Pain (Phase 4)

Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)

Bronchiectasis (Phase 2)

Carcinoma (Phase 2)

Carcinoma, Renal Cell (Phase 2)

Coinfection (Phase 3)

Colitis (Phase 2)

Colitis, Ulcerative (Phase 2)

Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 2)

Common Cold (Phase 3)

Communicable Diseases (Phase 4)

Contracture (Phase 2)

Contusions (Phase 2)

Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)

Coronavirus Infections (Phase 3)

Depression (Phase 4)

Depressive Disorder (Phase 4)

Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 4)

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 4)

Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 4)

Emergencies (Phase 1)

Essential Hypertension (Phase 2)

Fatty Liver (Phase 2)

Fibrosis (Phase 2)

Fissure in Ano (Phase 4)

Glucose Intolerance (Phase 4)

Graft vs Host Disease (Phase 2)

Granuloma (Phase 1)

Granulomatous Disease, Chronic (Phase 1)

Heart Failure (Phase 4)

Heart Failure, Diastolic (Phase 4)

Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola (Phase 4)

Hepatitis (Phase 3)

Hepatitis A (Phase 3)

Hepatitis C (Phase 3)

Hepatitis C, Chronic (Phase 3)

HIV Infections (Phase 3)

Hyperplasia (Phase 2)

Hypertriglyceridemia (Phase 4)

Hypertrophy (Phase 2)

Hypoxia (Phase 2)

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes (Phase 3)

Infections (Phase 4)

Influenza, Human (Phase 3)

Influenza in Birds (Phase 1)

Ischemia (Phase 2)

Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 2)

Leukemia (Phase 3)

Leukemia, Myeloid (Phase 3)

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 3)

Liver Diseases (Phase 2)

Low Back Pain (Phase 4)

Lymphoma (Phase 3)

Lymphoma, B-Cell (Phase 3)

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (Phase 3)

Melanoma (Phase 2)

Metabolic Syndrome (Phase 1)

Neutropenia (Phase 3)

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Phase 2)

Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)

Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (Phase 4)

Pneumonia (Phase 2)

Pneumonia, Viral (Phase 2)

Prediabetic State (Phase 4)

Prostatic Hyperplasia (Phase 2)

Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)

Pseudomonas Infections (Phase 2)

Pulmonary Eosinophilia (Phase 2)

Reperfusion Injury (Phase 2)

Respiratory Aspiration (Phase 2)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Phase 3)

Spinal Cord Injuries (Phase 2)

Syndrome (Phase 4)

Thrombosis (Phase 3)

Torticollis (Phase 2)

Tuberculosis (Phase 2)

Ulcer (Phase 2)

Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction (Phase 2)

Urinary Tract Infections (Phase 2)

Venous Thrombosis (Phase 3)

Virus Diseases (Phase 4)

Vitamin D Deficiency (Phase 4)

Whooping Cough (Phase 2)

Wounds and Injuries (Phase 2)

• Highest Phase: Phase 4
• # of Trials: 148
• # of Trial APIs: 158

Trials by Phase

Trials (148 total)

Trial APIs (158 total)

This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Published on 4.4.2024 in Vol 26 (2024)

Impacts of an Acute Care Telenursing Program on Discharge, Patient Experience, and Nursing Experience: Retrospective Cohort Comparison Study

Authors of this article:

There are no citations yet available for this article according to Crossref .

• Medical Tourism

Best Hospitals In Russia | Top 10 Hospitals in Russia

In the vast and diverse landscape of Russia, a nation renowned for its historical splendor, cultural richness, and scientific prowess, healthcare services have continued to evolve, keeping pace with global advancements. Among the vast network of hospitals, certain institutions have distinguished themselves by consistently delivering excellence in healthcare. These facilities are not only recognized for their state-of-the-art technology, top-notch medical professionals, and comprehensive services, but also for their unwavering commitment to patient care and safety. Welcome to our curated list of the top 10 hospitals in Russia, where we explore these exceptional institutions and the key attributes that set them apart in Russia's healthcare ecosystem.

List of Top 10 Hospitals in Russia

Pirogov national medical and surgical center - moscow, sklifosovsky institute of emergency care - moscow, moscow clinical scientific center (mcc) - moscow, city clinical hospital no. 31 - saint petersburg, almazov national medical research centre - saint petersburg, academician i.p. pavlov first saint petersburg state medical university hospital - saint petersburg, federal center for cardiovascular surgery - astrakhan, federal research and clinical center of physical-chemical medicine - moscow, n.n. blokhin national medical research center of oncology - moscow, city hospital no. 1 - novosibirsk.

• About Hospital: Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, located in Moscow, is renowned for its comprehensive medical services. With a legacy dating back to 1802, it combines rich traditions with cutting-edge technology, providing top-notch healthcare to patients.
• Team and Specialties: Pirogov Center boasts a highly skilled team of medical professionals specializing in various fields, including cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, and oncology. Their expertise ensures precise diagnoses and effective treatments for patients.
• Infrastructure: The hospital features state-of-the-art facilities equipped with modern medical equipment. From advanced operating theaters to diagnostic imaging units, the infrastructure supports accurate diagnostics and innovative medical interventions.
• Location: Moscow, Russia
• Hospital Address: Pirogovskaya Embankment, 1, Moscow, 105203, Russia

Facilities:

• Intensive care units with advanced life-support systems
• Specialized departments for organ transplants
• Advanced diagnostic imaging facilities (MRI, CT scans)
• Rehabilitation centers offering comprehensive therapies
• Well-equipped emergency department for prompt medical attention
• Dedicated research and development center for medical advancements
• Modernized laboratory facilities for accurate diagnostics
• Comfortable patient rooms with essential amenities
• Pharmacy providing a wide range of medications
• Cafeteria and parking facilities for the convenience of patients and visitors

Hospital Awards:

• National Healthcare Excellence Award for Outstanding Patient Care
• Recognition for Innovative Research in Medical Sciences
• Best Hospital for Cardiac Care in Moscow
• Accreditation by the Joint Commission International (JCI)
• National Recognition for Excellence in Surgical Services

Available Specialties:

• Orthopedics
• Gastroenterology
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Ophthalmology
• Dermatology
• About Hospital: The Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Care, located in Moscow, is a renowned medical institution specializing in emergency and trauma care. With a legacy spanning over a century, it has become a symbol of excellence in emergency medicine in Russia.
• Team and Specialties: Sklifosovsky Institute boasts a highly skilled team of emergency care specialists, including trauma surgeons, anesthesiologists, and critical care physicians. The hospital is equipped to handle a wide range of medical emergencies, from severe injuries to life-threatening conditions.
• Infrastructure: The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art emergency rooms, operating theaters, and intensive care units to provide immediate and critical care services. It also houses specialized units for cardiac emergencies, neurosurgery, and burns.
• Hospital Address: Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090, Russia
• Emergency department with round-the-clock services
• Specialized trauma units equipped for complex surgeries
• Advanced imaging technology for rapid diagnostics
• Helicopter landing pad for quick transfer of critically ill patients
• Rehabilitation center offering comprehensive post-trauma care
• Advanced life support systems in ambulances for safe patient transportation
• Research and training facilities for emergency medicine advancements
• Well-designed waiting areas and patient rooms for comfort
• Pharmacy providing necessary medications
• Cafeteria and parking facilities for convenience
• National Award for Excellence in Emergency Care
• Recognition for Outstanding Trauma Services
• Best Emergency Care Hospital in Moscow
• National Recognition for Research and Innovation in Emergency Medicine
• Trauma Care
• Cardiac Emergencies
• Neurosurgery
• Burns and Plastic Surgery
• Critical Care Medicine
• Pediatric Emergencies
• Respiratory Emergencies
• Obstetric Emergencies
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies
• About Hospital: Moscow Clinical Scientific Center is a leading multidisciplinary medical institution in Moscow. It combines clinical practice, education, and scientific research to provide comprehensive healthcare services. The hospital is known for its commitment to evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care.
• Team and Specialties: MCC boasts a team of highly experienced physicians, surgeons, and researchers specializing in various medical fields. The hospital offers a wide range of specialties, including cardiology, oncology, neurology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology.
• Infrastructure: The hospital features modern infrastructure and advanced medical technologies. It houses well-equipped operating rooms, diagnostic imaging facilities, and specialized units for various medical disciplines. The infrastructure supports efficient and accurate diagnostics, minimally invasive procedures, and advanced surgical interventions.
• Hospital Address: Stromynka St, 7, Moscow, 107076, Russia
• Comprehensive diagnostic services, including MRI, CT scans, and laboratory tests
• Specialized clinics for outpatient care
• Advanced surgical units for complex procedures
• Intensive care units with cutting-edge monitoring and life support systems
• Rehabilitation center offering physical therapy and rehabilitation programs
• Well-designed patient rooms ensuring comfort and privacy
• Research and innovation center promoting scientific advancements
• Emergency services available 24/7
• National Recognition for Excellence in Patient Safety
• Award for Outstanding Contributions to Medical Research
• Best Multidisciplinary Hospital in Moscow
• National Award for Innovation in Healthcare Services
• Endocrinology
• Pulmonology
• Rheumatology
• Otolaryngology (ENT)
• About Hospital: City Clinical Hospital No. 31, located in Saint Petersburg, is a prominent healthcare institution providing comprehensive medical services. With a focus on patient care and advanced treatment approaches, the hospital has gained recognition for its excellence in healthcare delivery.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital is home to a skilled team of medical professionals, including specialists in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and more. The hospital's departments cover a wide range of medical specialties, ensuring personalized and specialized care for patients.
• Infrastructure: City Clinical Hospital No. 31 features modern infrastructure with well-equipped operating rooms, advanced diagnostic facilities, and specialized units. The hospital utilizes state-of-the-art technology and medical equipment to deliver accurate diagnoses and effective treatments.
• Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Hospital Address: Marshala Tukhachevskogo St., 28, Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russia
• Specialized clinics for various medical specialties
• Advanced diagnostic imaging services (MRI, CT scans, X-rays)
• Operating theaters equipped with modern surgical instruments
• Intensive care units providing critical care support
• Rehabilitation center offering comprehensive therapy programs
• Well-designed patient rooms with modern amenities
• Emergency department for immediate medical attention
• Laboratory facilities for accurate diagnostic testing
• Convenient parking and cafeteria facilities
• Excellence in Patient Care Award
• National Recognition for Medical Innovation
• Best Hospital for Pediatric Care in Saint Petersburg
• Award for Outstanding Surgical Services
• Internal Medicine
• Surgery (General, Orthopedic, Neurosurgery, etc.)
• Gynecology and Obstetrics
• About Hospital: Almazov National Medical Research Centre is a leading medical institution located in Saint Petersburg. It is a renowned center for medical research, education, and patient care. The hospital focuses on delivering advanced treatments and improving healthcare through scientific innovation.
• Team and Specialties: Almazov Centre boasts a multidisciplinary team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, including physicians, surgeons, researchers, and support staff. The hospital offers specialized care in areas such as cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, genetics, and endocrinology.
• Infrastructure: The hospital features state-of-the-art infrastructure with advanced medical equipment and facilities. It houses cutting-edge diagnostic imaging centers, hybrid operating rooms, and specialized units for research and clinical trials. The infrastructure supports the delivery of precise diagnostics, minimally invasive procedures, and complex surgeries.
• Hospital Address: Akkuratova St., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia
• Advanced cardiovascular imaging services (MRI, CT scans, angiography)
• Hybrid operating rooms for minimally invasive surgeries
• Specialized clinics for cardiology, endocrinology, genetics, and more
• Intensive care units equipped with advanced monitoring systems
• Rehabilitation center offering comprehensive recovery programs
• Well-appointed patient rooms ensuring comfort and privacy
• Cafeteria, garden, and parking facilities for convenience
• National Award for Excellence in Cardiology Services
• Recognition for Research and Innovation in Medical Sciences
• Best Hospital for Cardiovascular Care in Saint Petersburg
• National Award for Advancements in Genetic Medicine
• Cardiovascular Surgery
• About Hospital: The Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University Hospital, affiliated with the esteemed medical university, is a leading medical institution in Saint Petersburg. It combines academic excellence with clinical expertise to provide high-quality healthcare services.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital is staffed by a dedicated team of medical professionals, including renowned professors, experienced physicians, and specialists across various medical fields. The hospital offers comprehensive care in specialties such as cardiology, neurology, oncology, and pediatrics.
• Infrastructure: The hospital is equipped with modern infrastructure, including state-of-the-art diagnostic facilities, advanced operating theaters, and specialized treatment units. The infrastructure supports accurate diagnostics, advanced surgical interventions, and innovative treatment approaches.
• Hospital Address: L'va Tolstogo St., 6-8, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
• Comprehensive diagnostic services, including imaging, laboratory, and pathology
• Advanced operating theaters with cutting-edge surgical equipment
• Intensive care units providing specialized critical care support
• Rehabilitation center offering a range of therapies for recovery
• Research and innovation center fostering scientific advancements
• Training facilities for medical education and research
• National Recognition for Excellence in Medical Education
• Award for Outstanding Research Contributions
• Best Hospital for Academic Medicine in Saint Petersburg
• National Award for Pediatric Care
• About Hospital: The Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, located in Astrakhan, is a renowned institution specializing in cardiac care. It is dedicated to providing comprehensive cardiovascular services, including diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, to patients with heart conditions.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital houses a team of highly skilled cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and specialized healthcare professionals. They have extensive expertise in various areas of cardiovascular medicine, such as interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and cardiac surgery.
• Infrastructure: The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure and cutting-edge technology specific to cardiovascular care. It features advanced cardiac catheterization laboratories, hybrid operating rooms, and specialized units for cardiac rehabilitation. The infrastructure supports precision diagnostics and advanced interventions for optimal patient outcomes.
• Location: Astrakhan, Russia
• Hospital Address: 20th Building Line, 26, Astrakhan, 414011, Russia
• Advanced cardiac diagnostic services, including angiography and echocardiography
• Hybrid operating rooms for minimally invasive and complex cardiac surgeries
• Intensive care units specialized in cardiac critical care
• Rehabilitation center with tailored programs for cardiac patients
• Well-appointed patient rooms ensuring comfort and recovery
• Research and education center for advancements in cardiovascular medicine
• Pharmacy providing specialized cardiac medications
• Emergency services for immediate cardiac care
• Laboratory facilities for comprehensive cardiac testing
• National Recognition for Excellence in Cardiovascular Services
• Award for Innovation in Cardiac Procedures
• Best Cardiovascular Hospital in Astrakhan
• National Award for Cardiac Rehabilitation Services
• Interventional Cardiology
• Cardiac Surgery
• Electrophysiology
• Heart Failure Management
• Cardiovascular Imaging
• Pediatric Cardiology
• Cardiac Rehabilitation
• Vascular Surgery
• Hypertension Management
• Cardiac Genetics
• About Hospital: The Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, located in Moscow, is a leading medical institution specializing in physical-chemical medicine and advanced therapies. It is dedicated to research, innovation, and personalized treatments for various diseases.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital boasts a multidisciplinary team of experts, including physicians, researchers, and scientists. The center focuses on integrating physical-chemical medicine into clinical practice, offering specialized care in areas such as regenerative medicine, personalized therapy, and targeted drug delivery.
• Infrastructure: The hospital features state-of-the-art infrastructure with advanced laboratories, research facilities, and specialized treatment units. It utilizes cutting-edge technologies and techniques to develop innovative treatments and personalized medicine approaches.
• Hospital Address: Kashirskoye Shosse, 46, Moscow, 115522, Russia
• Advanced laboratories for research and development
• Specialized treatment units for regenerative medicine and targeted therapy
• Advanced diagnostic imaging services (MRI, CT scans, etc.)
• Rehabilitation center offering tailored programs for patients
• Well-equipped patient rooms ensuring comfort and recovery
• Pharmacy providing specialized medications
• National Recognition for Excellence in Research and Innovation
• Award for Advancements in Personalized Medicine
• Best Hospital for Physical-Chemical Medicine in Moscow
• National Award for Regenerative Medicine
• Regenerative Medicine
• Targeted Therapy
• Personalized Medicine
• Nanomedicine
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
• Genetic Medicine
• Radiopharmaceuticals
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Theranostics
• About Hospital: The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, located in Moscow, is a prestigious medical institution specializing in cancer care and research. It is dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various types of cancers.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital boasts a highly skilled team of oncologists, surgeons, radiation therapists, and researchers. They specialize in various areas of oncology, including medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and pediatric oncology.
• Infrastructure: The hospital features advanced infrastructure and cutting-edge technologies for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It has state-of-the-art radiation therapy units, specialized surgical theaters, and multidisciplinary clinics. The infrastructure supports precise cancer diagnostics, minimally invasive procedures, and comprehensive treatment plans.
• Hospital Address: Kashirskoye Shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
• Advanced diagnostic services, including PET-CT scans and molecular diagnostics
• Radiation therapy units equipped with modern linear accelerators
• Specialized surgical theaters for oncologic surgeries
• Multidisciplinary clinics for comprehensive cancer care
• Pediatric oncology department with child-friendly facilities
• Rehabilitation center offering supportive care programs
• Research and innovation center for advancements in cancer treatment
• Pharmacy providing specialized oncology medications
• Emergency services for immediate oncologic care
• National Recognition for Excellence in Cancer Care
• Award for Innovations in Oncology Treatment
• Best Oncology Center in Moscow
• National Award for Pediatric Oncology Services
• Medical Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Radiation Oncology
• Pediatric Oncology
• Palliative Care
• Genetic Counseling
• Clinical Trials
• Supportive Care
• Cancer Prevention and Screening
• About Hospital: City Hospital No. 1, located in Novosibirsk, is a prominent healthcare institution providing comprehensive medical services to the community. It is recognized for its commitment to patient care, advanced treatments, and medical education.
• Team and Specialties: The hospital boasts a team of highly skilled physicians, specialists, and support staff dedicated to delivering quality healthcare. It offers a wide range of medical specialties, including internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and gynecology.
• Infrastructure: City Hospital No. 1 features modern infrastructure with well-equipped departments, diagnostic facilities, and treatment units. It utilizes advanced medical technologies to ensure accurate diagnostics, efficient treatments, and excellent patient outcomes.
• Location: Novosibirsk, Russia
• Hospital Address: Ulitsa Timiryazeva, 2, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
• Outpatient clinics providing primary and specialized care
• Advanced diagnostic imaging services, including X-rays and ultrasound
• Well-equipped operating theaters for various surgical procedures
• Intensive care units offering critical care support
• Rehabilitation center with comprehensive therapy programs
• National Recognition for Excellence in Patient Care
• Award for Best Hospital in Novosibirsk
• Recognition for Contributions to Medical Education
• National Award for Quality Improvement in Healthcare Services
• General Surgery

In conclusion, Russia is home to a diverse range of exceptional hospitals that are at the forefront of healthcare delivery, research, and innovation. The top 10 hospitals mentioned in this blog represent a selection of these outstanding institutions, each offering specialized medical services and demonstrating a commitment to patient care.

From the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center in Moscow to the City Hospital No. 1 in Novosibirsk, these hospitals showcase the highest standards of healthcare delivery in Russia. They feature advanced infrastructure, cutting-edge technology, and highly skilled medical professionals who specialize in various fields, ensuring comprehensive and personalized care for patients.

These hospitals have received recognition and awards for their excellence in medical services, patient satisfaction, research contributions, and innovations in healthcare. Their commitment to advancing medical knowledge, embracing technological advancements, and providing patient-centered care sets them apart as leaders in the healthcare industry.

When it comes to seeking medical care, these top hospitals in Russia are reliable choices for individuals looking for the best treatment options and outcomes. They are committed to improving the health and well-being of their patients, emphasizing the importance of quality healthcare in enhancing lives.

As healthcare continues to evolve, these hospitals will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of medical advancements, driving innovation and delivering exceptional care to the people of Russia. When faced with medical challenges, individuals can confidently rely on these hospitals to provide the highest level of medical expertise, state-of-the-art facilities, and compassionate patient care.

PLEASE NOTE: The medical/health information on our website is for information purposes and not a substitute for medical advice.

--- published by  sunil kumar, latest medical tourism.

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Association of breastfeeding with mental disorders in mother and child: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Affiliations.

• 1 Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany.
• 2 V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
• 3 Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
• 4 Moscow City Clinical Hospital After V.M. Buyanov, Moscow, Russia.
• 5 Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dementia Research Institute UK, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• 6 Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
• 7 Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
• 8 Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
• 9 Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
• 10 German Center for Child and Youth Health, Leipzig, Germany.
• 11 Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik Der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
• 12 Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
• 13 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• 14 Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
• 15 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].
• 16 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].
• 17 Care for Long Term Conditions Division, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK. [email protected].
• 18 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. [email protected].
• 19 Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [email protected].
• PMID: 37840122
• PMCID: PMC10577970
• DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03071-7

Background: Breastfeeding has long been associated with numerous benefits for both mothers and infants. While some observational studies have explored the relationship between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes in mothers and children, a systematic review of the available evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the association between breastfeeding and mental health disorders in mothers and children.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 2, 2023. The inclusion criteria consisted of all studies evaluating links between breastfeeding and development of mental health disorders in children and mothers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) while grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. A random-effects meta-analysis was used if possible, to estimate the odds ratio for the association between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes. The Mantel-Haenszel method was utilised for pooling ORs across studies. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic.

Results: Our review identified twenty-one original study. Of these, 18 focused on the association between breastfeeding and child health, assessing depressive disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and borderline personality disorder. Three studies evaluated the associations between breastfeeding and maternal mental health disorders. Three studies looking at outcomes in children showed no significant association between breastfeeding and occurrence of schizophrenia later in life (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.57-1.71; I 2 = 29%). For depressive disorders (5 studies) and anxiety disorders (3 studies), we found conflicting evidence with some studies showing a small protective effect while others found no effect. The GRADE certainty for all these findings was very low due to multiple limitations. Three studies looking at association between breastfeeding and maternal mental health, were too heterogeneous to draw any firm conclusions.

Conclusions: We found limited evidence to support a protective association between breastfeeding and the development of mental health disorders in children later in life. The data regarding the association between breastfeeding and maternal mental health beyond the postnatal period is also limited. The methodological limitations of the published literature prevent definitive conclusions, and further research is needed to better understand the relationship between breastfeeding and mental health in mothers and children.

Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Breastfeeding; Child health; Depressive disorders; Maternal health; Mental health; Schizophrenia; Systematic review.

© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Publication types

• Meta-Analysis
• Systematic Review
• Anxiety Disorders
• Breast Feeding*
• Feeding and Eating Disorders*
• Mental Health
• Mothers / psychology