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• IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines

IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines

Published on August 24, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on April 6, 2023.

IEEE provides guidelines for formatting your paper. These guidelines must be followed when you’re submitting a manuscript for publication in an IEEE journal. Some of the key guidelines are:

• Formatting the text as two columns, in Times New Roman, 10 pt.
• Including a byline, an abstract , and a set of keywords at the start of the research paper
• Placing any figures, tables, and equations at the top or bottom of a column, not in the middle
• Following the appropriate heading styles for any headings you use
• Including a full list of IEEE references at the end
• Not including page numbers

To learn more about the specifics of IEEE paper format, check out the free template below. Note that you may not need to follow these rules if you’ve only been told to use IEEE citation format for a student paper. But you do need to follow them to submit to IEEE publications.

Table of contents

Ieee format template, ieee heading styles, frequently asked questions about ieee.

The template below can be used to make sure that your paper follows IEEE format. It’s set up with custom Word styles for all the different parts of the text, with the right fonts and formatting and with further explanation of key points.

Make sure to remove all the explanatory text in the template when you insert your own.

Download IEEE paper format template

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

IEEE recommends specific heading styles to distinguish the title and different levels of heading in your paper from each other. Styles for each of these are built into the template.

The paper title is written in 24 pt. Times New Roman, centered at the top of the first page. Other headings are all written in 10 pt. Times New Roman:

• Level 1 text headings begin with a roman numeral followed by a period. They are written in small caps, in title case, and centered.
• Level 2 text headings begin with a capital letter followed by a period. They are italicized, left-aligned, and written in title case.
• Level 3 text headings begin with a number followed by a closing parenthesis . They are italicized, written in sentence case, and indented like a regular paragraph. The text of the section follows the heading immediately, after a colon .
• Level 4 text headings begin with a lowercase letter followed by a closing parenthesis. They are italicized, written in sentence case, and indented slightly further than a normal paragraph. The text of the section follows the heading immediately, after a colon.
• Component headings are used for the different components of your paper outside of the main text, such as the acknowledgments and references. They are written in small caps, in title case, centered, and without any numbering.

You should use 10 pt. Times New Roman font in your IEEE format paper .

For the paper title, 26 pt. Times New Roman is used. For some other paper elements like table footnotes, the font can be slightly smaller. All the correct stylings are available in our free IEEE format template .

No, page numbers are not included in an IEEE format paper . If you’re submitting to an IEEE publication, page numbers will be added in the final publication but aren’t needed in the manuscript.

IEEE paper format requires you to include an abstract summarizing the content of your paper. It appears at the start of the paper, right after you list your name and affiliation.

The abstract begins with the word “Abstract,” italicized and followed by an em dash. The abstract itself follows immediately on the same line. The entire section is written in bold font. For example: “ Abstract —This paper discusses … ”

You can find the correct format for your IEEE abstract and other parts of the paper in our free IEEE paper format template .

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, April 06). IEEE Paper Format | Template & Guidelines. Scribbr. Retrieved April 4, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/ieee/ieee-paper-format/

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IEEE Internet of Things

Join the IoT Technical Community

Publications

IEEE publications on IoT include:

IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoT-J)

Launched in 2014, the IEEE IoT-J publishes papers on the latest advances, as well as review articles, on the various aspects of IoT from open call and special issues. Topics include IoT system architecture, IoT enabling technologies, IoT communication and networking protocols, IoT services and applications, and the social implications of IoT. The current issue is available in IEEE Xplore .

The IEEE IoT-J solicits original work that must not be currently under consideration for publication in other venues. For more information, view the Call for Papers .

IEEE Communications Magazine - This award-winning magazine brings you the latest international coverage of current issues and advances in key areas of wireless, optical and wired communications. Written in tutorial applications-driven style by the industry's leading experts, IEEE Communications Magazine delivers practical, current information on hot topics, implementations, and best industry practices.

IEEE Transactions on Communications - The IEEE Transactions on Communications (TCOM) publishes high-quality papers reporting theoretical and experimental advances in the general area of communications. TCOM has a broad scope spanning several areas such as wireless communications, wired communications, and optical communications.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications - The IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications is a major archival journal that is committed to the timely publication of very high-quality, peer-reviewed, original papers that advance the theory and applications of wireless communication systems and networks.

IEEE Communications Letters - IEEE Communications Letters provides researchers with an ideal venue for sharing their newest results in a timely manner. Every month this journal publishes 20-25 short (up to 4 pages) high-quality contributions on the theory and practice of communications.

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters - Publishes timely, novel and high-quality recent results on Wireless Communications in letter format. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters have a 4-page limit. The journal's goal is rapid dissemination of original, cutting-edge ideas and timely, significant contributions in the theory and applications of wireless communications.

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking - The IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 's high-level objective is to publish high-quality, original research results derived from theoretical or experimental exploration of the area of communication/computer networking, covering all sorts of information transport networks over all sorts of physical layer technologies, both wireline (all kinds of guided media: e.g., copper, optical) and wireless (e.g., radio-frequency, acoustic (e.g., underwater), infra-red), or hybrids of these.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management - IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (IEEE TNSM) is a journal for timely publication of archival research on the management of networks, systems, services and applications, as well as on issues in communications software, service engineering, policies and business processes for network and service management.

IEEE Pervasive Computing - IEEE Pervasive Computing explores the many facets of pervasive and ubiquitous computing with research articles, case studies, product reviews, conference reports, departments covering wearable and mobile technologies, and more.

IEEE Sensors Journal - The IEEE Sensors Journal is a peer-reviewed, semi-monthly online journal devoted to sensors and sensing phenomena.

IEEE Calls for Papers

IEEE Internet of Things Journal IEEE Communications Magazine IEEE Communications Standard Magazine IEEE Internet of Things Magazine IEEE Network IEEE Wireless Communications

IEEE Talks IoT

Check out our ongoing series of Q&A articles with the IEEE experts! Read more

Selected Articles from IEEE Xplore

The IEEE Xplore digital library is a powerful resource for scientific and technical content on a vast breadth of topics including the Internet of Things (IoT). Each month IEEE IoT will select articles from this influential repository of information published by the IEEE and its publishing partners, and make them available to the IEEE IoT Technical Community members on a complimentary basis. Read more

Search IEEE Xplore for more articles on IoT

IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) Conference Proceedings

2018 IEEE WF-IoT, 5-8 February 2018, Singapore

2016 IEEE WF-IoT, 12-14 December 2016, Virginia, USA

2015 IEEE WF-IoT, 14-16 December 2015, Milan, Italy

2014 IEEE WF-IoT, 6-8 March 2014, Seoul, Korea

IEEE IoT Brain Trust Blog (ECN Magzine)

The IEEE IoT Brain Trust series is a collection of blogs exploring IoT in the industry.

Meeting Cloud Challenges May Pave Way for IoT - 28 July 2016

The Increasingly Concerning Carbon Footprint of Information and Telecommunication Technologies - 29 April 2016

Standardizing 3D Body Processing Technology - 8 March 2016

IoT’s Special Gift to Big Data - 22 January 2016

IoT and the Cloud - 22 December 2015

IEEE 802.11’s Role in Enabling the Internet of Things - 1 December 2015

Defining the Internet of Things: A Work in Progress - 3 November 2015

How the Smart Grid Will Impact IoT - 19 June 2015

What Does IoT + Big Data Mean to You? - 27 April 2015

How IoT Will Affect Telecom (Part II) - 31 March 2015

In June 2016, IEEE-USA, along with the IEEE Internet Initiative, had the opportunity to comment on the National Telecommunication and Information Administration's role in promoting and regulating the IoT.

Read more (PDF, 92 KB)

IEEE-SA IoT Ecosystem Study

IEEE-SA engaged stakeholders in key regions of the world to create an IoT Ecosystem Study . The study comprises three principal areas: Market, Technology, and Standards, along with an examination of the role of academia and research and the importance of user acceptance. An executive summary (PDF, 116 KB) of the study is available.

IoT Comic Book - Inspiring the Internet of Things Internet of Things International Forum & Alexandra Institute

The IoT Comic Book, Inspiring the Internet of Things, is a fun, easy to read and understand publication about the Internet of Things. Released by the IoT Forum and Alexandra Institute , the comic book features 15 illustrative IoT application scenarios, over 25 IoT concepts, and 4 IoT expert interviews.

Read more at iotcomicbook.org

News Articles

Connected Tech at CES IEEE Transmitter - December 2016

With smart home devices now owned by 15% of households, IoT products for the home are catching on. At the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), you can expect to see the latest in IoT smart home gadgets, smart tech partnerships, and advancements in voice-activated technologies. Additional tech on display includes facial recognition, thermal imaging, and connected luggage.

Read more at IEEE Transmitter

IoT Will Demand a Step-Change in Search Solutions Scientific Computing - December 2016

The article, "On Searching the Internet of Things: Requirements and Challenges", recently published in IEEE Intelligent Systems , examines the need to develop new search engine solutions to effectively index, crawl, and find data that IoT devices need to collect while ensuring the data remains safe from hackers.

Read more at Scientific Computing

Interoperability in the Internet of Things Computing Now - December 2016

The original IoT vision is of a hyper-connected global ecosystem in which "things" communicate with other "things" whenever needed to deliver highly diversified services to users. Yet, today, vendor-specific solutions have created local IoT silos. To address this situation, many IoT researchers and industry leaders are now focusing on interoperability.

Read more at Computing Now

Access past articles below.

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IEEE Announces 11 New Journals Coming in 2024

Each year, IEEE introduces new publications to address growing areas of research that transform our lives. These new publications provide important new opportunities to enable researchers around the world to share their latest research in these fields with the scholarly community and for IEEE Xplore users to learn more about these technologies. In 2024, IEEE will introduce new publications covering technologies such as cybernetics, immersive displays, privacy, sensors, electron devices, and more. Coverage of all of these technologies can be found in current and forthcoming publications from IEEE. Listed below are several new titles coming from IEEE in 2024:

5 New Hybrid Journals Coming in 2024

IEEE Reliability Magazine

The scope of IEEE Reliability Magazine includes both hardware and software reliability. Articles are oriented toward practical aspects of reliability and the application of reliability engineering. Content includes a combination of opinion-based, discussion-based articles, and peer-reviewed articles . The articles may focus on reliability in a number of current and emerging fields. The Magazine offers educational materials such as technical review papers, book reviews, professional development activities, industrial and university profiles, conference news, and a calendar of important events

IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices

The IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices (T-MAT) publishes contributed and invited articles of different formats in the broad field of materials for electron devices and their interconnects. The focus of T-MAT is on the applied aspects of electronic materials, as well as fundamentals directly relevant to individual and integrated device engineering and fabrication.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Practice 

The IEEE Robotics and Automation Practice (RAP) seeks to publish results whose value to the practitioner is clear. Articles can include algorithms, code, methodologies, and designs that demonstrate either improvements over the state of the art or a new practical application. Empirical studies, in-depth case studies, and other experimental works that contribute to the body of knowledge in the practice of robotics and automation are also considered. Finally, articles that report on trends and developments that have impact are welcome. All application domains as described in the scope of the journals sponsored by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) are acceptable.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence

The IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence (TCASAI) publishes contributions related to circuits and systems for artificial intelligence, including circuit and electronic system design, implementation, and demonstration.

IEEE Transactions on Field Robotics

The IEEE Transactions on Field Robotics (T-FR) focuses on robotics designed to operate in unstructured environments. Papers should describe the application of technologies such as sensing, design, computing architectures, communication, and learning to unstructured domains such as construction, agriculture, mining, space, and search and rescue. Meta-studies and reproducibility analyses of previously published results are encouraged as well as reports of extended field experiments that validate fielded autonomous systems. T-FR will not publish articles in which experimental validation is restricted to simulation or controlled laboratory experiments.

6 New Fully Open Access Journals Coming in 2024

IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Letters

IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Letters (SMC-L) will cover the ultimate aims and key strategies of the SMC society towards the next generation of symbiotic human and machine intelligence systems. The feature of SMC-L is highlighted by its rapid publication of peer-reviewed short articles within 5 pages, which provide a timely and concise account of innovative research ideas, novel application results, and significant theoretical findings, as well as analyses of emerging trends and groundbreakingly work in SMC fields. SMC-L will provide a new means for members and readers to complement established SMC transactions.

IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays

The IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays (OJID) will be home to publications in display science and applications. The field of displays is diverse, ranging from the science and engineering of materials and devices to their application in high definition, form-factor-independent displays featuring interactivity, virtual and augmented reality, and 3D content. Submissions on advanced fabrication processing, thin film active and passive devices, and lifetime and reliability evaluation are welcome when display is the focus or where there is a direct relationship to the nature of the display system. Tutorial and review papers extending the frontiers of immersive display technologies and novel applications are also published.

IEEE Transactions on Privacy

The IEEE Transactions on Privacy provides a multidisciplinary forum for theoretical, methodological, engineering, and applications aspects of privacy and data protection, including specification, design, implementation, testing, and validation. Privacy, in this context, is defined as the freedom from unauthorized intrusion in its broadest sense, arising from any activity in information collection, information processing, information dissemination or invasion. The transactions publishes articles reporting significant advances in theoretical models and formalization as well as engineering tools supporting the above activities, design frameworks and languages, architectures, infrastructures, model-based approaches, study cases, and standards.

IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors

The IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors publishes papers in all areas of the field of interest of the IEEE Sensors Council, i.e., the theory, design, simulation, fabrication, manufacturing and application of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics, physics and reliability aspects of sensors and integrated sensor-actuators. The Journal is built exclusively from papers on selected topics of current interest to the Sensors community.

IEEE Data Descriptions 

IEEE Data Descriptions  is a journal that publishes short articles on all aspects of data: data descriptors, data collections, and metadata.  Its overarching purpose is to promote publicly available datasets (open access or subscription-based access) in support of reproducible science while at the same time bringing insights into the associated dataset, data collection methods, and data quality. The metadata collected provides enhanced dataset discoverability and creates a foundation for future data science tools such as auto-discovery and mashups.

IEEE Sensors Reviews 

>> Watch for more information on these new journals coming soon!

Follow the links above for more information on the scope and calls for papers announcements for each title. You can follow the links on the journal homepage in IEEE  Xplore  to submit an article, set a journal alert or add to your favorites. Please click  here  to download the full title list of IEEE fully OA and hybrid titles.

*Above information accurate as of January 2024. Please note information on new titles is subject to change.

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Fully Open Access Topical Journals

A Growing Collection of Gold Fully Open Access (OA) Options

IEEE offers more options than ever to authors with the launch of new gold fully open access journals spanning a wide range of technologies. These journals are significant additions to IEEE’s well-known and respected portfolio of fully open access journals. In addition, many of the journals featured here target an accelerated publication time frame of 10 weeks for most accepted papers to help get your research exposed faster. Visit the publication home page of each title for details.

The fully open access journals are accepting submissions. Please see each journal’s description below for more details. All of the titles are fully compliant with funder mandates including Plan S. All IEEE Open Access titles, current and new, will be hosted on the IEEE Xplore ® platform.

Call for Papers

Submit a paper to an ieee fully open access journal.

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation

High-quality, peer reviewed research covering antennas, including analysis, design, development, measurement, standards, and testing; radiation, propagation, and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with discrete and continuous media.

This new fully open access journal will publish high-quality, peer reviewed papers covering antennas, including analysis, design, development, measurement, standards, and testing; radiation, propagation, and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with discrete and continuous media; and applications and systems pertinent to antennas, propagation, and sensing, such as applied optics, millimeter-and sub-millimeter-wave techniques, antenna signal processing and control, radio astronomy, and propagation and radiation aspects of terrestrial and space-based communication, including wireless, mobile, satellite, and telecommunications at all frequencies. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Konstantina (Nantia) Nikita Professor National Technical University of Athens, Greece

Learn More and Submit a Paper

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Addresses the growing field of applications in Earth observations and remote sensing and provides a venue for the rapidly expanding special issues that are being sponsored by the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society.

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing addresses the growing field of applications in Earth observations and remote sensing, and also provides a venue for the rapidly expanding special issues that are being sponsored by the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society. The journal draws upon the experience of the highly successful “IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing” and provide a complementary medium for the wide range of topics in applied earth observations. Papers should address current issues and techniques in applied remote and in situ sensing, their integration, and applied modeling and information creation for understanding the Earth. Applications are for the Earth, oceans and atmosphere. Topics can include observations, derived information such as forecast data, simulated information, data assimilation and Earth information techniques to address science and engineering issues of the Earth system. The technical content of papers must be both new and significant.

IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems

Featuring high-quality peer reviewed research covering the theory, analysis, design, tools, and implementation of circuits and systems.

This new fully open access journal will publish high-quality, peer-reviewed papers covering the theory, analysis, design, tools, and implementation of circuits and systems. This includes their theoretical foundations, applications, and architectures, as well as circuits and systems implementation of algorithms for signal and information processing. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Gabriele Manganaro, Ph.D., FIEEE Technology Director Analog Devices, Inc., USA

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

Featuring high-quality peer reviewed research covering science, technology, applications and standards for information organization, collection and transfer using electronic, optical and wireless channels and networks.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers,  IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society  covers science, technology, applications and standards for information organization, collection and transfer using electronic, optical and wireless channels and networks, including but not limited to: Systems and network architecture, control and management; Protocols, software and middleware; Quality of service, reliability and security; Modulation, detection, coding, and signaling; Switching and routing; Mobile and portable communications; Terminals and other end-user devices; Networks for content distribution and distributed computing; and Communications-based distributed resources control. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Octavia A. Dobre, Dipl.-Ing., Ph.D. Professor and Research Chair Memorial University, Canada

IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society

Forum for rapid publication of open access articles describing high-impact results in all aspects of theory, design, practice, and application relating to computer and information processing science and technology.

The IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society (OJ-CS) is a rigorously peer-reviewed forum for rapid publication of open access articles describing high-impact results in all areas of interest to the IEEE Computer Society. This new fully open access journal complements existing IEEE Computer Society publications by providing a rapid review cycle and a thorough review of technical articles. It is dedicated to publishing articles on the latest emerging topics and trends in all aspects of computing with a scope that encompasses all aspects of theory, design, practice, and application relating to computer and information processing science and technology. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Song Guo Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems

Publication of the IEEE Control Systems Society, this journal aims to publish high-quality papers on the theory, design, optimization, and applications of dynamic systems and control.

The IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems covers the theory, design, optimization, and applications of dynamic systems and control. The field integrates elements of sensing, communication, decision and actuation components, as relevant for the analysis, design and operation of dynamic systems and control. The systems considered include: technological, physical, biological, economic, organizational and other entities, and combinations thereof. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Sonia Martínez University of California, San Diego United States

IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society

Featuring high quality research in the field of electron and ion devices ranging from fundamentals to applied research.

Featuring high-quality research in the field of electron and ion devices ranging from fundamentals to applied research, this journal provides authors an affordable outlet for rapid publishing and universal access, coupled with superior technical quality.

IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology

High-quality research covering the development and application of engineering concepts and methods to biology, medicine and health sciences.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology covers the development and application of engineering concepts and methods to biology, medicine and health sciences to provide effective solutions to biological, medical and healthcare problems. It encompasses the development of mathematical theories, physical, biological and chemical principles, computational models and algorithms, devices and systems for clinical, industrial and educational applications. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Paolo Bonato Associate Professor Harvard University, USA

IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits

Multi-disciplinary research in solid-state circuits using exploratory materials and devices for novel energy efficient computation beyond standard CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology.

Multi-disciplinary research in solid-state circuits using exploratory materials and devices for novel energy efficient computation beyond standard CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology. Focus is on the exploration of materials, devices and computation circuits to enable Moore’s Law to continue for computation beyond a 10 to 15 year horizon (beyond end of the roadmap for CMOS technologies) with the associated density scaling and improvement in energy efficiency.

IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays

Now Accepting Submissions! New publication will be home to publications in display science and applications.

The IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays (OJID) will be home to publications in display science and applications. The field of displays is diverse, ranging from the science and engineering of materials and devices to their application in high definition, form-factor-independent displays featuring interactivity, virtual and augmented reality, and 3D content. Submissions on advanced fabrication processing, thin film active and passive devices, and lifetime and reliability evaluation are welcome when display is the focus or where there is a direct relationship to the nature of the display system. Tutorial and review papers extending the frontiers of immersive display technologies and novel applications are also published.

Editor-in-Chief: Arokia Nathan University of Cambridge Hertfordshire, U.K.

IEEE Journal of Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation

Publishes original research in the fields of localization and tracking of people, robots, and objects.

IEEE Journal of Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation (J-ISPIN) publishes original research in the fields of localization and tracking of people, robots, and objects. It covers all aspects of localization systems, including sensing, communications, location-based services, mapping, protocols, human interfaces and standards. The scope includes methods and systems addressing indoor environments as well as those enabling seamless transition between heterogeneous indoor contexts or between indoor and outdoor environments, for example where Global Navigation Satellites Systems are underperforming or unavailable.

Editor-in-Chief: Valérie Renaudin Senior Researcher University Gustave Eiffel, France

IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society

Featuring high quality research covering the theory and applications of electronics, controls, communications, instrumentation and computational intelligence to industrial and manufacturing systems and processes.

This new fully open access journal will publish high-quality, peer-reviewed papers covering the theory and applications of electronics, controls, communications, instrumentation and computational intelligence to industrial and manufacturing systems and processes. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Leopoldo Garcia Franquelo Professor, Electronics Engineering Universidad de Sevilla, Spain

IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications

Covering the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical and electronic engineering in the development, design, manufacture and application of electrical systems, apparatus, devices, and controls to the processes and equipment of industry and commerce.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications covers the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical and electronic engineering in the development, design, manufacture and application of electrical systems, apparatus, devices, and controls to the processes and equipment of industry and commerce; the promotion of safe, reliable, and economic installations; industry leadership in energy conservation and environmental, health, and safety issues; the creation of voluntary engineering standards and recommended practices; and the professional development of its readers. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Professor Pericle Zanchetta Fellow IEEE Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham, UK

IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement

Publication of the Instrumentation and Measurement Society, this journal publishes papers on the science, technology, and application of instrumentation and measurement.

The IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement publishes papers on the science, technology, and application of instrumentation and measurement. Instrumentation and measurement, in the current context of the IEEE IMS community, consists of methods, instruments, systems, and applications for measurement, detection, tracking, monitoring, characterization, identification, sensing, estimation, recognition, or diagnosis of a physical phenomenon; or metrology and measurement theory including measurement uncertainty, instrument precision, calibration, etc.

Editor-in-Chief: Shervin Shirmohammadi University of Ottawa Canada

IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems

Featuring high-quality research covering the theoretical, experimental and operational aspects of electrical and electronics engineering and information technologies as applied to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems covers theoretical, experimental and operational aspects of electrical and electronics engineering and information technologies as applied to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), defined as those systems utilizing synergistic technologies and systems engineering concepts to develop and improve transportation systems of all kinds. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Bart van Arem Full Professor of Transport Modelling Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking

Featuring high-quality manuscripts on advances in machine learning methods for and applications to communications and networking.

The IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking publishes high-quality manuscripts on advances in machine learning methods for and applications to communications and networking. Furthermore, articles developing novel communication and networking techniques for distributed machine learning algorithms are of interest. Both theoretical contributions (including new theories, techniques, concepts, algorithms, and analyses) and practical contributions (including system experiments, prototypes, and new applications) are encouraged.

Editor-in-Chief: Walid Saad Professor Virginia Tech Research Center – Arlington, USA

IEEE Journal of Microwaves

Covering articles on the theory, techniques and applications of guided wave and wireless technologies and spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from RF/microwave through millimeter-waves and terahertz.

The IEEE Journal of Microwaves is a fully open access publication covering the complete scope of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society which includes articles on the theory, techniques and applications of guided wave and wireless technologies and spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from RF/microwave through millimeter-waves and terahertz, covering the aspects of materials, components, devices, circuits, modules, and systems which involve the generation, modulation, demodulation, control, transmission, sensing and effects of electromagnetic signals.

Editor-in-Chief: Peter H. Siege THz Global, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology

Featuring high-quality, peer reviewed research covering the theory, design, and development of nanotechnology and its scientific, engineering, and industrial applications.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology covers the theory, design, and development of nanotechnology and its scientific, engineering, and industrial applications. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Co-Editors-in-Chief: Professor Wen J. Li Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering Associate Provost City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Professor Jin-Woo Kim Professor of Biological Engineering and Nanoscience & Engineering University of Arkansas, USA

Professor Seiji Samukawa Director of Innovative Energy Research Center, Institute of Fluid Science (IFS) Principal Investigator of Advance Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University, Japan

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering

Covering the rehabilitative and neural aspects of biomedical engineering, including functional electrical stimulation, acoustic dynamics, human performance measurement, and more.

Rehabilitative and neural aspects of biomedical engineering, including functional electrical stimulation, acoustic dynamics, human performance measurement and analysis, nerve stimulation, electromyography, motor control and stimulation; and hardware and software applications for rehabilitation engineering and assistive devices.

IEEE Photonics Journal

Dedicated to the rapid disclosure of research at the forefront of all areas of photonics and addressing issues ranging from fundamental understanding to emerging technologies.

Breakthroughs in the generation of light and its control and utilization have given rise to the field of Photonics: a rapidly expanding area of science and technology with major technological and economic impact. IEEE Photonics Journal is an online-only journal dedicated to the rapid disclosure of top-quality peer-reviewed research at the forefront of all areas of photonics. Contributions addressing issues ranging from fundamental understanding to emerging technologies and applications are within the scope of the Journal.

IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy

High-quality, peer reviewed research covering the development, planning, design, construction, maintenance, installation, and operation of equipment, structures, power systems and usage of electric energy, including its measurement and control.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, the IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy publishes articles focused on the development, planning, design, construction, maintenance, installation, and operation of equipment, structures, and power systems for the safe, sustainable, economic, and reliable conversion, generation, transmission, distribution, storage, and usage of electric energy, including its measurement and control. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Fangxing “Fran” Li The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 USA [email protected]

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics

Covering the development and application of power electronic systems and technologies, which encompass the effective use of electronic components, the application of circuit theory and design techniques and the development of analytical methods and tools.

The IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics covers the development and application of power electronic systems and technologies, which encompass the effective use of electronic components, the application of circuit theory and design techniques and the development of analytical methods and tools toward efficient electronic conversion, control and conditioning of electric power to enable the sustainable use of energy. As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, the Society’s aim is to publish novel developments as well as tutorial and survey articles including those of value to both the R&D and practicing professionals in the field. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Alan Mantooth, Ph.D., P.E., FIEEE Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Arkansas, USA

IEEE Transactions on Privacy

Now Accepting Submissions! New publication will provide a multidisciplinary forum for theoretical, methodological, engineering, and applications aspects of privacy and data protection, including specification, design, implementation, testing, and validation.

The IEEE Transactions on Privacy provides a multidisciplinary forum for theoretical, methodological, engineering, and applications aspects of privacy and data protection, including specification, design, implementation, testing, and validation. Privacy, in this context, is defined as the freedom from unauthorized intrusion in its broadest sense, arising from any activity in information collection, information processing, information dissemination or invasion. The transactions publishes articles reporting significant advances in theoretical models and formalization as well as engineering tools supporting the above activities, design frameworks and languages, architectures, infrastructures, model-based approaches, study cases, and standards.

IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Publishing regular, review, and tutorial articles based on the engineering applications of quantum phenomena, including quantum computation, information, communication, software, hardware, devices, and metrology.

Publishes regular, review, and tutorial articles based on the engineering applications of quantum phenomena, including quantum computation, information, communication, software, hardware, devices, and metrology. Articles also address quantum-engineering aspects of superconductivity, magnetics, microwave techniques, photonics, and signal processing.

IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors

Now Accepting Submissions! New publication of the IEEE Sensors Council, this journal publishes papers in all areas of the field of interest of the IEEE Sensors Council.

The IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors publishes papers in all areas of the field of interest of the IEEE Sensors Council, i.e., the theory, design, simulation, fabrication, manufacturing and application of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics, physics and reliability aspects of sensors and integrated sensor-actuators. The Journal is built exclusively from papers on selected topics of current interest to the Sensors community.

Editor-in-Chief: Chonggang Wang InterDigital, Inc. USA

IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing

High-quality, peer reviewed research covering the enabling technology for the generation, transformation, extraction, and interpretation of information.

This new fully open access journal will publish high-quality, peer-reviewed papers covering the enabling technology for the generation, transformation, extraction, and interpretation of information. It comprises the theory, algorithms with associated architectures and implementations, and applications related to processing information contained in many different formats broadly designated as signals. Signal processing uses mathematical, statistical, computational, heuristic, and/or linguistic representations, formalisms, modeling techniques and algorithms for generating, transforming, transmitting, and learning from signals. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Brendt Wohlberg Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA

IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society

High-quality, peer reviewed research covering the design, implementation, and application of solid-state integrated circuits.

As a fully open access journal publishing high-quality peer reviewed papers, IEEE Open Journal of the Solid-State Circuits Society covers design, implementation and application of solid-state integrated circuits. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Jan Craninckx Distinguished Member of Technical Staff IMEC, Belgium

IEEE Open Journal of Systems Engineering

Provides a forum for practitioners, scientists, academics, and researchers engaged in the discipline of Systems Engineering.

The IEEE Open Journal of Systems Engineering (OJSE) is an open access journal that is sponsored by the consortium of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society, IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society, and the IEEE Systems Council. OJSE provides a forum for practitioners, scientists, academics, and researchers engaged in the discipline of Systems Engineering. Multidisciplinary aspects of systems engineering is a focus of this journal. Methodologies, tools, principles, and applied engineering aspects of the process of systems engineering for complex systems are of interest. The methodologies, tools, and principles include such elements as model-based systems engineering; digital thread; requirements generation, flowdown, tracking, needs analysis, validation/verification; integration and test; and full life cycle of the target system. OJSE deals primarily with the science, methodology, and tools of systems engineering, rather than the results of the application of systems engineering that is the focus of other IEEE journals.

Editor-in-Chief: W. Dale Blair Principal Research Engineer Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA

IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Letters

Now Accepting Submissions! New publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society (SMC), this journal covers the ultimate aims and key strategies of the SMC society towards the next generation of symbiotic human and machine intelligence systems.

IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Letter (SMC-L) will cover the ultimate aims and key strategies of the SMC society towards the next generation of symbiotic human and machine intelligence systems. The feature of SMC-L is highlighted by its rapid publication of peer-reviewed short articles within 5 pages, which provide a timely and concise account of innovative research ideas, novel application results, and significant theoretical findings, as well as analyses of emerging trends and groundbreakingly work in SMC fields. SMC-L will provide a new means for members and readers to complement established SMC transactions.

Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Yingxu Wang Editor-In-Chief Univ. of Calgary, Canada

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine

Bridges the engineering and clinical worlds, focusing on detailed descriptions of advanced technical solutions to a clinical need along with clinical results and healthcare relevance.

This journal bridges the engineering and clinical worlds, focusing on detailed descriptions of advanced technical solutions to a clinical need along with clinical results and healthcare relevance. Its aim is to provide a platform for state-of-the-art technology directions in the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering, embracing engineering, life sciences and medicine. The journal provides an active forum for clinical research and relevant state-of-the-art technology for members of all the IEEE societies that have an interest in biomedical engineering as well as reaching out directly to physicians and the medical community through the American Medical Association (AMA) and other clinical societies.

IEEE Open Journal of Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

Covering high-quality, peer reviewed research theory, technology, materials, and applications relating to the generation, transmission, and detection of ultrasonic waves and related phenomena.

OJ-UFFC covers theory, technology, materials, and applications relating to: the generation, transmission, and detection of ultrasonic waves and related phenomena; medical ultrasound, and associated technologies; ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and piezomagnetic materials; frequency generation and control, timing, and time coordination and distribution. This interest ranges from fundamental studies to the design and/or applications of devices, sensors, systems and manufacturing technologies within the general scope defined above. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Steven Freear University of Leeds, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Leeds, United Kingdom

IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology

Featuring high-quality, peer reviewed research on the theoretical, experimental and operational aspects of electrical and electronics engineering in mobile radio, motor vehicles and land transportation.

This new fully open access journal will publish high-quality, peer-reviewed papers covering the theoretical, experimental and operational aspects of electrical and electronics engineering in mobile radio, motor vehicles and land transportation. (a) Mobile radio shall include all terrestrial mobile services. (b) Motor vehicles shall include the components and systems and motive power for propulsion and auxiliary functions. (c) Land transportation shall include the components and systems used in both automated and non-automated facets of ground transport technology. The journal peer-review process targets a publication period of 10 weeks from submission to online publication.

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Sumei Sun Fellow of the IEEE Principal Scientist, Institute for Infocomm Research Adjunct Professor, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Electric Vehicles

Abstract – This paper gives a mini overview of the recent research and works in the sector of electric vehicles. The paper describes the main part of electric vehicles and their work. The major components are battery, motor, charger, steering, and braking. The paper finally shows basic concepts of electric vehicles with working. There are electric buses in the main focus of this paper. The solar system also can be used for electric busses and this is described in this paper.

Keywords – Electric vehicle, motor, braking system, battery systems, hybrid system

 I.   INTRODUCTION

Electrical vehicle (EV) based on electro mechanical system. No, any internal combustion engine is used for torque development. All the power which is used is electric power as the energy source. In the electric vehicle main power source is electricity which is stored in the battery. The advantage of the highly efficient in power conversion through its proposition system of electric motor. Now in the world, there are several situations in which we cannot tolerate the environment that why we need to reduce carbon emission. In the sector of the automobile, there is a lot of petroleum used and therefore a lot of carbon emissions are occurring in the environment [1]. Electric busses work on the electricity from the power grid and also can work on the solar plates. There is a battery that can be charged and then used. All the car manufacturers have to develop at least one model in hybrid electric vehicles for the reduction in the carbon footprint. France and Japan are the countries who totally close the production of petrol vehicles by 2030. This is one more step toward pollution control and the improvement in electrical vehicles for a clean environment [2]. The table shows the various types of EVs. Image 1 shows the first electric vehicle in 1943-35 (America).

                                                                         Table 1

II.  MAIN COMPONENTS

There are many components in electric vehicles, some main ones are spark ignited, traction system, thermal cooling system, DC/DC converter, power electronics control, battery, motor, storage, braking system etc. [3]. Image 2 shows the main components of the electric busses. There are various parts with different function and working shown in the figure.

DC to DC converter: A full-bridge DC/DC converter is the frequently implemented converter for fuel-cell power conditioning when electrical isolation is needed. Full bridge DC to DC converter is suitable for high-power electrical transmission because switch voltage is not high and current are also not high [3,5].  Electric Motor Generator : Electric vehicle drive system for plug-in hybrid vehicles the integrated motor-generator set provides electric propulsion for the vehicle in its function as a motor, while work as a generator it converts mechanical braking energy into electrical energy, that is college regenerative braking system.  Regenerative Braking system : In the battery-powered electric vehicle system, regenerative braking is the conversion of the electric vehicle's kinetic energy into chemical energy stored in the electric battery system, where it can be used to drive the vehicle.   Recharge Station : In these stations, busses can be charged by an electrical charging system and it will convert electrical supply power into battery storage power. Battery Packs : In this battery packs are arranged and this will provide the power to the motor. Which can be charged by the recharge station. The capacity of the battery is for the 120 km distance which can be charged in 1.5 hours (nearly). Solar Cell : Solar cells can be used in an emergency for electric busses. When there is charging not available cell can work for small distances. It can be mounted on the top of the buses and it will charge through the solar system. There is a lot of space on the bus which can be utilized. The solar cell efficiency formula is shown below.  

III.  The Motor

There are a number of motors available for electric vehicles: DC motors, Induction motors, DC brushless motors, Permanent magnetic synchronous motors and Switched reluctance motors.

1.   2. Induction motor: It’s a very popular Alternate Current motor. It also has a large market share in controlled speed drive applications such as AC, elevator, or escalator. There are various higher power electric vehicles, for more than 10kW. 

5.  Switched reluctance motor: This motor specification is also good for the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. It has variable reluctance that why this machine [14].  IV.  Conclusion

This paper discusses the basics of electric vehicles and the development of electric vehicles, especially electric buses. The electric vehicle is very useful for the reduction of carbon emission and the change of climate. Consumption of petroleum is also reduced due to the use of that. The paper first describes the main components of electric vehicles, it then extends the description of the components with uses.  The paper provides a mini overview of electric vehicles.   Acknowledgment The author acknowledges the support of various references which is very useful for this paper. References [1] Chikhi, F. El Hadri, A. Cadiou, J.C. “ ABS control design based on wheel-slip peak localization”. Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Robot Motion and Control, Publication Date: 23-25 June 2005, pp.73- 77  URL: http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/download/14920/7565/ [2] Beier, J. et  al, “Integrating on-site Renewable Electricity Generation into a Manufacturing System with Intermittent Battery Storage from Electric Vehicles”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 48, 2016, pp. 483-488. [3] Rahman, K.M.; Fahimi, B.; Suresh, G.; Rajarathnam, A.V.; Ehsani, M., “Advantages of switched reluctance motor applications to EV and HEV: design and control issues”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 36, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2000, pp. 111 – 121. [4] K W E Cheng; “Recent Development on Electric Vehicles”, 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics system and it's application, 2009 [5] M.J. Bradley & Associates. 2013. “Electric Vehicle Grid Integration in the U.S., Europe, and China.” [6] Chan, C.C. (1996), Chau, K.T., Jiang, J.Z., Xia, W., Zhu, M., and Zhang, R., Novel permanent magnet motor drives for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 43, pp. 331-339. [7] B Smith, M. and J. Castellano. 2015. “Costs Associated with Non-Residential Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment.” [8] C Clint, J., B. Gamboa, B. Henzie, and A. Karasawa. 2015. “Considerations for Corridor Direct Current Fast Charging Infrastructure in California.” [9] Chan, C.C., Jiang, J.Z., Chen, G.H., and Chau, K.T., Computer simulation and analysis of a new polyphase multipole motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 40, 1993, pp. 570-576. [10] Zhan, Y.J., Chan, C.C., and Chau K.T., A novel sliding-mode observer for indirect position sensing of switched reluctance motor drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 46, 1999, pp. 390-397. [11] Nunes, P., M.C. Brito and T. Farias, “Synergies between electric vehicles and solar electricity penetrations in Portugal,” 2013 World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition, 2013, pp. 1-8. [12] Mwasilu, F. et  al., “Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 34, 2014, pp. 501-516 [13] Ates, M.N. et al., “In Situ Formed Layered-Layered Metal Oxide as Bifunctional Catalyst for Li-Air Batteries”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol 163, No. 10, 2016, pp. A2464-A2474 [14] Tuffner, F. and M. Kintner-Meyer, Using Electric Vehicles to Meet Balancing Requirements Associated with Wind Power, U.S. Department of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2011

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IEEE Quantum Week 2024: Innovations in Quantum Computing and Engineering Await

The IEEE Quantum Week is a leading event for presenting research and innovations in quantum computing and engineering. Key individuals involved include Yuri Alexeev from Argonne National Laboratories and Sarah Sheldon from IBM Quantum. The best papers from the conference will be recommended to journals like IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering and ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing. The conference will cover a wide range of topics, including quantum algorithms, quantum applications, quantum photonics, quantum system software, quantum technologies and systems engineering, quantum machine learning, and quantum networking & communications.

IEEE Quantum Week: A Platform for Quantum Computing and Engineering Research

IEEE Quantum Week is a conference that provides a platform for presenting high-quality research, innovative ideas, and insightful discussions in the field of quantum computing and engineering. The conference accepts technical papers on a wide range of topics related to quantum computing and engineering, which are peer-reviewed and considered for various technical paper tracks.

Technical Paper Submission and Guidelines

The conference accepts different types of papers, including full papers, short papers, and artifact papers. Full papers, which are 8-10 pages long, can be either research papers that describe the paper’s contributions and innovations, or survey papers that provide a comprehensive overview of a research topic in quantum computing and engineering. Short papers, which are 4-6 pages long, can be New Ideas and Emergent Results (NIER) papers that describe novel and promising ideas, Experience and Application (EXAP) papers that describe experiences gained from applying quantum computing and engineering research results in practice, or Artifact papers (ARTI) that describe useful resources for the broader quantum computing and engineering community. All papers must be original and not simultaneously submitted to another journal or conference.

Technical Paper Tracks

The conference features several technical paper tracks, each focusing on a specific area of quantum computing and engineering. These include Quantum Algorithms (QALG), Quantum Applications (QAPP), Quantum Photonics (QPHO), Quantum System Software (QSYS), Quantum Technologies and Systems Engineering (QTEM), Quantum Machine Learning (QML), and Quantum Networking & Communications (QNET). Each track is chaired by experts in the field and covers a wide range of topics, from the theory and practice of solving problems with quantum computers to the design and architecture of quantum technologies and systems engineering.

Quantum Algorithms (QALG)

The Quantum Algorithms track focuses on the theory of solving problems with quantum computers. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum information science, quantum algorithm structures and patterns, new NISQ-friendly algorithms, error correction and mitigation algorithms, advances in hybrid variational algorithms, quantum cryptography, and secure quantum computing.

Quantum Applications (QAPP)

The Quantum Applications track focuses on the practice of solving problems with quantum computers. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum machine learning applications, quantum simulation of physical systems, applications of quantum annealing, integrated high-performance computing and quantum applications, and quantum medical applications.

Quantum Photonics (QPHO)

The Quantum Photonics track focuses on the design and architecture of quantum photonic technologies and systems engineering. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum photonic information science and technology, quantum computing with photonic systems, optical quantum computing, integrated quantum photonics, and quantum sensing and metrology.

Quantum System Software (QSYS)

The Quantum System Software track focuses on the design, architecture, and operation of full-stack quantum computing systems. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum programming, quantum languages and intermediate representations, quantum simulators, quantum software engineering, and testing, validation, and verification of quantum programs and systems.

Quantum Technologies and Systems Engineering (QTEM)

The Quantum Technologies and Systems Engineering track focuses on the design and architecture of quantum technologies and systems engineering for computation and sensing. It covers a wide range of topics, including superconducting quantum technologies, trapped ion quantum technologies, quantum dot technologies, and quantum electronics.

Quantum Machine Learning (QML)

The Quantum Machine Learning track focuses on the practice of combining quantum computing and machine learning for innovative application development. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks, quantum-enhanced machine learning, quantum neural networks, and quantum machine learning applications.

Quantum Networking & Communications (QNET)

The Quantum Networking & Communications track focuses on quantum techniques and technologies for networking and communications. It covers a wide range of topics, including quantum internet, quantum networking, secure communication in quantum networks, quantum cryptography, and distributed quantum computing.

Journal publisher bans Playboy centerfold Lena's image from research papers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a leading authority in computing research , has introduced a significant policy change. Effective from April 1, Lena Forsén's image will no longer be acceptable in new manuscript submissions. This decision marks a major shift in the image processing field that has relied on this 1972 Playboy centerfold picture for over half a century.

Announcement of the policy change by IEEE

The policy change was publicly announced by computer engineer Michael P. Frank. He shared a screenshot of an email he received from Terry Benzel, Vice President of the Technical and Conference Activities Board at IEEE. The email clarified that the Lena image, widely used in image processing studies, will no longer be deemed suitable for inclusion in research papers submitted to IEEE.

Take a look at Frank's post

Just FYI, computer vision papers submitted to IEEE that include this image of Ms. Forsén will no longer be considered for publication pic.twitter.com/5nHT7PQYFO — Michael P. Frank 💻🔜♻️ e/acc (@MikePFrank) March 27, 2024

Impact on the image processing field

The decision to exclude the Lena image from the new manuscript submissions represents a significant shift in image processing. For over fifty years, this 1972 Playboy centerfold image of Lena has been a staple in research and engineering studies. The policy change by IEEE, a major publisher of academic journals, will undoubtedly influence future research methodologies in this field.

How was the image discovered?

During the 1970s, a team of engineers at the Signal and Image Processing Institute embarked on a project to standardize test images used in research laboratories. Initially, they utilized photographs of fruits and vegetables. However, they seized the opportunity when an individual arrived at the lab carrying Playboy magazine's November 1972 edition featuring Lena. Engineers extracted the top 5.12-inch of the page, scanned it, and produced a 512x512 pixels image that has since become iconic in the computing community.

What does the subject want?

In more recent times, Lena has expressed her desire for the image not to be utilized further. In the 2019 documentary titled "Losing Lena," she stated, "I retired from modeling a long time ago. It's time I retired from tech, too. We can make a simple change today that creates a lasting change for tomorrow. Let's commit to losing me."

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