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IGNOU MSW Study Material

IGNOU MSW Study Materials/Books – If you come to this page for download each collection of MSW (Master in Social Work) Study Material so you come at the right place. Here you will get everything for which you have come here. We have downloaded all available Study Materials of MSW to our System and it is ready and available for all MSW Students.

We provide all study materials to IGNOU MSW students free of cost and it can download easily and without registration need.

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To attend IGNOU MSW TEE Examination, it is necessary to first submit your Assignments to IGNOU and it is possible from IGNOU Study Material . You can solve your MSW Assignments using Books/Materials. Not only Assignments, but you can use it for preparation of Examination and you can get good marks in your Annual Exams with a good grade.

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90 thoughts on “IGNOU MSW Study Material”

Hello Sir/Madam humne last year December m addmission liya tha MSW 1st year. Hamare admission ko 6 month hone wale h but ab tk hume hmare course ki books nhi mili h. MSWL13 social work Practicum-I and MSWL14 Block Placement jo hamare new subjects h hume inki bhi knowledge nhi hai. or hamara field work 75 days ka hai hum kese complete kar payenge without study material ke. So I request ki aap hamara study material jaldi se dispatch krwa dijiye. Jisse aapko bhi jyada pareshani na ho or na hume. Thank you

Hii Afsana.. can you pls share your contact no. I have to ask something about first year MSW subjects

Hello afsana sis. Can you help me. I am also a student of msw ist year. I need some help. Mera study material ni aaya h abhi tk. Aur Mje Block placement ka koi idea ni h… Please reply please

Mera b study material nh aya hai or muja kuch idea b nh hai plz koi help kijiye study material ke liye kese complaint kre iss lockdwn mei hmare exams ko 3_4 mnth rehgye hai bs

please mko samjaw ye field work block 13 & 14 kaise karna hai…i mean study cntr p…ya jaise assignment hai waise hi please reply

SIR I NEED MSW 13 AND 14 STUDY BOOKS IN HINDI PLZ PROVIDE ME

Hi, Where can I find study material of MSWE 03?. Please help me.

Respeced Sir This is Faizan Ahmad MSW 1st year student. i could not find the study material of MSW 32 (Social work and criminal justice).

I am MSW 1st year july 2019 session student and I need MSWL 13 and MSWL14

SIR I NEED MSWL14 BLOCK PLACEMENT

Took MSW Hindi admission bin July 2019 but till books not despatch by IGNOU… no proper response and support from regional centre also…..4 months passed still waiting for books …very poor management of IGNOU..

I AM NOT ABLE TO FIND MSWL-014 BLOCK PLACEMENT IN THE CONTENT LIST EVEN AFTER SEARCHING FOR IT. THIS IS INCLUDED IN MY CURRICULUM AND IS REQUIRED FOR COMPLETING MY FIELD WORK.

AS I HAVE NOT YET RECEIVED THE STUDY MATERIAL I NEED THE SOFT COPY. KINDLY PROVIDE THE SAME ASAP.

Please provide MSWL1, there is no link for the same.

मुझे msw 2nd yr ka study materials pdf चाहिये Pl.tel me how?

Hi Concern i just got my admission in MSW in July 2020 batch please advise when i will get my study material so that i will plan my study accordingly. also would like to know that when will be the exams.

Can you help me to trace with the Field work journal 2nd year MSWL. I have details with me but don’t know where shall I collect?

mujhe MSW 2nd year ke field work book me group work report ko kese karna he iska koi idea nahi he plz help me.

Hello everyone I have msw 1st year study material Contact me if someone wants

i have required MSWL13 AND MSWL14 Please help me to get these Field work books..

Hello sir I can’t able to study I can’t get the study material of 010 social work in African context and 032 social work and criminal justice

Dear IGNOU Team,

I have to say with great regret that I have been enrolled in the first year of MSW & my subject in the mail is something else, showing something else online & the subjects that I have selected, the syllabus of the subject MSWL14 is not available anywhere on your website. I want to get an MSWL14 book ASAP.

Second thing I have to submit the assignment but I do not understand which subject assignment to be submit because on your website you are giving two different assignments and both of them do not even have the subject that I have selected.

I hope you will answer my questions within 24 hours & solve my problems.

Regards Anees

Subject code MSW- 1,2,4,5,6 assignments will be submit. Have you received your study material.

I am student of MSW 1st year July 2020 session. I have not received study material still. Please help me.

Where can i get MSWL14 Block Placement syllabus for 1st years…Kindly guide.thank you.

Where can i get msw 1st year booklet

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Welcome to Adygey State University

+7 (499) 212-39-08 [email protected]

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Adyghe State University is a leading educational and research center of the Republic of Adygea .

ASU history dates back to 1940, when the city of Maikop, opened Teachers’ Institute, which became in 1952 Adyghe Pedagogical Institute, and in 1993 – State University. The opening of the university marked the beginning of higher education in Adygea, created the necessary conditions for the emergence of other educational and research institutions in the region.

Today it is one of the leading universities in the South of Russia, which has well-known scientific schools, highly qualified teaching staff, modern technology, and information base. As a recognized educational, scientific and cultural center of the region, ASU continues to develop dynamically and actively participates in the formation of a competitive “knowledge economy”.

In October 2015 ASU noted the important date – the 75th anniversary of its founding. ASU went a long way, rich in significant dates and events, and the 75-year anniversary was the occasion for many generations of teachers, staff, and students. Over the years, the walls of the university left tens of thousands of professionals, including prominent scientists, teachers, writers, public figures. The university has become a real source of skilled workers for domestic and economic complex of the Republic of Adygea and other territories in southern Russia. Its graduates make up a scientific, educational, political, economic and cultural elite of the region.

Anyone who is motivated to increase their knowledge and professional competence, ASU provides the opportunity to study in different educational paths and levels – from preparing to enter the university to obtain academic degrees and academic titles.

Profound professional knowledge and practical experience of university teachers and employees, respect for the classical traditions of the institution, the modern scientific and technical base and one of the best research libraries of Southern Russia provide a high level of training and allow the university to make a worthy contribution to the development of Adygea.

The rector of Adyghe State University is Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor Rashid Dumalichevich Khunagov. Achievements and successes R.D. Khunagov in scientific and scientific-pedagogical activities marked by a number of awards and honorary titles. R. Khunagov – member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Academy of Social Sciences, Honored Scientist of Kuban, Honored Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation, Honorary Doctor of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Abkhaz State University, South Federal University, Mongolian State University, member of the Honorary Oxford Academic Union, Club rectors of Europe. He was elected an academician – a foreign member of the Serbian Academy of Education (Serbia, Belgrade), has the honorary title “Excellence in Education of Mongolia”. Repeatedly was marked by the sign “Rector of the Year.”

He was awarded medals “Glory of Adygea”, “For outstanding contribution to the development of the Kuban”, the Honorary silver medal named after V.I. Vernadsky, the Jubilee Medal “100 Years of the Trade Unions of Russia”, the medal of the Cambridge Center for Biographical Research “Professional Leader”, the silver medal to them. P. Sorokin “For his contribution to the development of national sociology”, the Medal of Honor of the State Council-Khase of the Republic of Adygea “The Law. Debt. Honor ”, Certificate of Merit of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Certificate of Merit of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnodar Territory. Cavalier of the Order of Hagia Sophia, Winner of the European Socrates Award, Winner of the American Award Gold Certificate of Quality and Medal for Contribution to the Development of Science and Culture, Winner of the Competition of Scientific Studies on Caucasus Studies in Southern Russia. Yu.A. Zhdanov.

Since its founding to the present day high school successfully fulfills three main functions of modern classical university – education, science, participation in ensuring the region’s development. ASU objectives are: to preserve and increase the intellectual potential, the formation of innovative culture, the promotion of high technologies in the economy and social sphere of the Republic of Adygea, a humanistic education system of values, the development of culture and the creative traditions of the society, the preservation and development of the Circassian language and culture.

The university enrolled more than 11 thousand students from Adygeya, other regions of Russia and foreign countries on a wide range of vocational training programs. The ASU licenses more than 100 areas of training in higher (undergraduate, graduate, specialty), secondary vocational and further education. Teaching and research university structure includes: 2 Institute (Institute of Arts, the Institute of Physical Culture and Judo), 12 faculties (Mathematics and Computer Science, Engineering Physics, natural science, history, philology, Adygea philology and culture, foreign languages, law, economics, Teachers, faculty of social technologies and tourism, international), humanitarian and technical College, research Institute of complex problems, research centers, laboratories, museums, National space Centre services, student business incubator, vocational training center. It operates a branch in Belorechensk Krasnodar Territory. At ASU successfully it works for Republican natural-mathematical school. The University has developed social infrastructure, sanatorium, the Palace of Sports, holiday villages and other units of cultural and recreational orientation.

For many decades, the university has formed a powerful scientific and pedagogical potential, it employs more than 700 faculty and staff, about 100 doctors and 370 candidates of sciences, 54 honored workers of science and arts of Russia and Adygea, 24 academicians of the Russian and international academies, 69 honored workers of education, culture, and sports in Russia and Adygea.

The development strategy of the ASP based on the establishment of a multilevel and multifunctional research complex, capable of ensuring the continuity of pre-university education and primary vocational to postgraduate and further for different categories of students.

The quality of preparation of graduates of ASU has been recognized at national and international levels. University introduced in the Federal Register “All-Russian Book of Honor” (2008), “Russian Board of Honor” (2012). Educational programs of the university have been certified by the Chamber of Commerce of the Russian Federation, the European Scientific and Industrial Chamber (Belgium), the Association of Lawyers of Russia, the European Organization for Quality (EOQ). ASU is the winner of numerous competitions, including: “One hundred best goods of Russia”, “The best training centers of the Russian Federation” (2011), “100 best universities in Russia”, “Best Regional High School” (2012), “Best company of the year “(2013) etc. educational programs of the University for a number of years. (2012 -. 2015) are the winners of the All-Russian project” The best educational programs of innovative Russia “. In 2014, the results of the All-Russian competition of Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on the quality of education ASU project “Proposals for quality assurance of students at the higher education level,” entered the top twenty and was the winner of the contest. The quality management system ASP, based on the requirements of ISO 9001 series of quality standards: 2008, successfully passed the procedure of surveillance and recertification EvroStandartSert system. In 2015, the ASU is turned on by the international rating agency ARES in the category of Russian universities, the relevant European quality standards.

High-quality training supported by the results of students’ participation in regional and All-Russian Olympiads and competitions over the last 5 years, medals and diplomas of Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, diplomas and awards received in 1224 ASU student.

Formation of image of the classical university is impossible without modern training and methodological support. New Research Library ASU area of over 3,000 sq.m. It has a large computer park, working in an automated library system. The electronic library funds there are tens of thousands of e-books. Appreciation Scientific Library gave ASU Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin during a teleconference with heads of Russian universities in April 2010.

In terms of global information, the role of the university as a conductor of the most progressive achievements. The rapid development of computer technology has led to the expansion of the channel capacity of the Internet access of up to 54 Mbit / c. ASU Computer park includes more than 1,000 computers, 44 computer classes, united in a local network. In the educational process are widely used information technology, teachers will organize lectures and practical classes with the use of multimedia and the Internet. It implemented a broad introduction to the educational process of distance learning based on a modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment Moodle. Corporate computer network based on fiber-optic channels tied into a single information space of all remote units of the University, including dormitories. In the academic buildings and dormitories installed wireless access points to the Internet (Wi-Fi).

A special role in the innovation economy development tasks given to high school science. For the 75-year history of the university have developed and are actively working dozens of schools of thought, many of which are known not only in Russia but also abroad. The main tasks of ASU at the present stage are: the establishment of a modern scientific infrastructure and equipment base; increasing the productivity of scientific research; the development of innovation; academic mobility. The focus is on strengthening the human resources component, improving the structure of university research, extension activities Institute for Complex Problems and business incubator, the creation of small innovative enterprises and the development of basic research in the field of natural, philosophical, historical, sociological and political sciences.

The university post-graduate courses and 23 doctorates on 3 specialties, 7 dissertation councils for doctoral and master’s theses.

Successfully operating in 2009 created the Research Institute of complex problems, including 4 R & D centers, 11 laboratories, 3 museums, botanical gardens and other structures.

Since 2012, it operates student “business incubator” with a wide network of experimental, advisory, innovative structures, which allowed an effective center of small business development in the region. Student Business Incubator ASU entered in September 2015 in the All-Russian public organization “Association of student business incubator of young entrepreneurs and scientists of Russia.”

In 2010 it created a small enterprise “Geo-Vertex”. The result of his activity was the implementation of 93 economic agreements with organizations for 2010-2015 in the scientific and industrial environment of the region introduced 20 large-scale products in the field of geoinformation technologies. At the stage of formation are small innovative companies, organized with a view to the practical application of results of intellectual activity in the field of Nutrition and Psychology: “AnalitBioHimTeh” LLC, “Psi-Master.”

Performs research in priority areas of science, technology and engineering, “Nanosystems”, “Information and telecommunication systems”, “Environmental Management”, “Life Science”, “Security and Countering Terrorism”.

Space Services Center, based at ASU, is implementing projects included in the program of the Federal Space Agency and the Cluster of space technologies and communications development fund development and commercialization of new Center “Skolkovo” technologies. ASU scientists have developed a new structural model for prediction and modeling of natural and socio-economic processes on the basis of the results of space activities. The GIS center ASU developed and patented a method for predicting the date and the water level extremely high floods, offered a fundamentally new method for predicting severe weather events.

Research on the stabilization of unstable control dynamical systems. Developed theoretical foundation and built physical models of processes and phenomena associated with the movement of charged particles and radiation in various electromagnetic fields.

The results of studies to determine the immunogenetic, physiological and nutritional status of the population of the Republic of Adygea allowed us to create an information and methodological basis for assessing genetic and psychosomatic health. University scientists have developed effective ways of bioconservation of rare and protected species of the Republic of Adygea. According to the results of the monitoring of the biological diversity of the North-West Caucasus in 2013, the Red Book of the Republic of Adygea was published in 2 volumes, including recommendations for the conservation, restoration and rational use of biodiversity in order to preserve the stability of the region’s ecosystems. In order to implement the joint project “Endemic Plants and Animals of Adygea and Düzce”, an initiative group was formed of scientists from the Research Institute of Complex Problems of ASU and the University of Düzce (Turkey).

Actively introduced the concept of the formation of an integrated socio-economic infrastructure of the macro – and micro-regions of Southern Russia through the creation of special economic zones and inter-regional innovation clusters, taking into account the actual use of the competitive advantages of the Republic of Adygea. The university has developed and implemented transport logistics during the competition, the Universiade and other large-scale events. This development has been successfully tested at the Sochi Olympics in 2014.

Also, Adyghe State University scientists developed advanced methodical and methodological tools of modern research of ethnic-social processes for the prevention and management of inter-ethnic tensions in the multiethnic region. In this area in 2015, the University won a grant for the project “Ethno-social processes and ethnic tensions in the South of Russia: the improvement of analytical tools and methods of regulation ‘(the total amount of funding – 16 million rubles..).

Much attention is given to the problems of functioning and development of the Circassian language, literature, and culture.

The total amount of disbursements by NTP, grants (467 R & D) over the past 5 years has exceeded 206 million. rub., The amount of financing of international projects totaled around 57 mln. rub.

In recent years, sharply increased Publication teachers activity significantly increased the number of articles cited in indexed databases (RISC, Web of Science, Scopus), increased the number of certificates of registration of intellectual property and patents.

Development of basic scientific fields is based on system integration with institutions of RAS, a wide range of Russian and foreign partners and potential users of the results of scientific research. One example of successful integration practices are basic departments and laboratories, which have a network structure and based on cooperation ASU and Southern Scientific Center RAS.

Integration of the educational process with science and production is carried out with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students. Each year, about 2,500 students are the performers of research, the results of studies published over 600 student research papers. Actively working Student Scientific Society. On the basis of ASU, research schools are 53 student research team. During the 2010-2014. on the results of Russian competition for the best scientific work of students of the university student got 590 degrees.

ASU publishes 12 scientific journals and collections of scientific works 9. Since 1998, the scientific magazine “Journal of the Adygeya State University”, included in the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications recommended by HAC RF for publishing papers competitors of scientific degrees of doctors and candidates of sciences. The journal is included in Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory International database.

ASU cooperates with universities in Russia, CIS, and foreign countries is a member of the International Association of Universities. Concluded and successfully implemented 19 international cooperation agreements. As part of the contracts are held scientific conferences, organized joint laboratories, scientific and pedagogical activity of teachers, training of students. Much attention is paid to the introduction and integration of academic mobility programs in the world scientific community. Over the last 5 years, 143 teachers and 737 students of ASU traveled abroad with professional objectives. At the same time in the educational process in the faculties and institutes, ASU took 26 teachers from the USA, Germany, France, Syria, Finland. To participate in internships and conferences University received more than 100 international graduate students and professors. The university trains young people from near and far abroad. CIS, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, China, Mongolia, Palestine, Israel, Montenegro, Nigeria, Congo, and others to strengthen the positions of ASU in the international arena contributes to the university’s participation in international educational and scientific programs. A powerful incentive for an effective transition to tier education, the development of innovative approaches was the participation of educators and psychologists ASU in a project of the European Union “Tempus 4: Educational toward undergraduate social work program” in 2009-2012. in partnership with a number of leading universities in Germany, England, France, and Italy. ASU researchers are involved in the international project on the creation of the European Union on Russia Center South. Russian university partners (SFU, ASU, Volgograd State University) became the University of Kingston (UK) and Mr. Linchopinga (Sweden).

The University has 5 academic buildings and constantly increasing its educational and laboratory areas. In 2009, it completed construction of a new Science Library, capable of meeting the highest level of educational needs of the scientific community in the region. Significantly increased educational-laboratory base of ASU in 2012, when they have put into operation two new original architectural decision of the body that has become a real decoration of the urban landscape: the educational building area of 7.6 thousand square meters. and Business Incubator area of 3 thousand sq. m. m. The fitness center “Akuanda” with an indoor 25-meter pool on the program of the party “United Russia”, “500 pools.” Built in 2014, In 2015, it completed construction of a monumental sports complex comprising Sports Palace and 9-storey dormitory. It opened after the reconstruction of ASU comfortable hostel with a health center on the first floor. Another new hostel with 180 seats and the core of a sport with a football field was opened on the territory of Humanities and Technical College ASU.

The university developed a strong tradition of spiritual, moral, aesthetic, civic and patriotic education of students and labor. The talents of students are disclosed in numerous creative teams Cultural Center ASU: studio theater, folk and pop dance, vocal and instrumental ensemble, etc. Folk Ensemble “Nart ASU” Adyghe dance twice won the International Festival “Almond blossom” in Italy, repeatedly became the winner of Mediterranean folklore festival in Turkey and on an ongoing basis participated in the cultural program of the Olympic Games in Sochi. Student musical theater “Art Riton”, annually presenting to the audience new musicals, earned a standing ovation in many cities of Russia and the triumph made abroad at the Youth International Festival of Ancient Drama in Siracusa (Italy) with the musical “The last gift of Prometheus”.

High levels of socio-cultural work with students allowed to ASU for the third time to become the winner of the RF Ministry of Education of the competition program of the activities of student organizations and to obtain additional financing in the amount of 15 mln. Rub. in areas of “Student Government” “Volunteering and social projects”, “Patriotism and tolerance”, “Sport and healthy lifestyle,” “Science and Innovation” and others.

The highlight of 2015 was held in Adygea on the basis of ASU International festival “Student spring in the Caucasus”, which was attended by students from all over Russia. Particular attention in the framework of the festival was given to the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. most clearly shown Contribution of the regions of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia countries in the Great Victory told Exhibition Complex “Street Wins” deployed in the courtyard of ASU, and competition of patriotic “Soldier’s envelope” songs that the youth alive the memory of those who gave their lives for the motherland. The culmination of the festival was a symbolic action “Candle of Memory”. June 2 at 4:00 at the Eternal Flame at the military memorial in Maikop gathered participants of the International festival – representatives of 20 regions of Russia and abroad, as well as residents of the capital of Adygea, supported the youth initiative, and together lit more than three thousand candles lit up the sky in memory of the victory and its heroes.

On the basis of the Institute of Physical Culture and Judo ASU grew more than one generation of Honored Master of Sports, World Champion, European and Olympic Games. Among them: V.Nevzorov – the first Soviet world champion in judo, Olympic champion (1976); A. Emizh – Olympic bronze medalist (1980), European champion in judo; Khasanov – 11-time world champion and 7-time European champion, 4-time winner of the World Cup, the 19-time champion of Russia in Sambo; H.Tletseri – one of the most titled judoka Russia and the world; S.Aliferenko – Olympic champion in shooting. List of high sports achievements the university has expanded in 2010, men’s basketball team “Dinamo-ASU”, has become the champion of Major League. ASU Women’s team handball is a leader in the Super League of the Russian Federation, ASU players repeatedly took to the top places in the championship of the Southern Federal District. older traditions continue today’s students – master of sports of international class in Russia: A. Alifirenko – a three-time champion, bronze medalist of world championships, seven-time winner of the European championships, ten times winner of the championships of Russia among juniors and youth, silver and bronze medalist Russia in shooting; A. Yevtushenko – a member of the Russian national team in cycling, three-time medalist of the championships of Russia and winner of the Cup of Russia among juniors, champion of Russia; A. Borsov – a three-time champion of Russia, European and world champion, three-time winner of the World Cup in kickboxing and more. al.

The university created the necessary conditions for recreational activities and recreational activities: operating sanatorium “Health”, there are two educational and recreational base on the Black Sea coast and the educational and health complex “Mountain Legend”, located in the scenic mountainous area.

Since 1989, the newspaper “Adyghe University” is published in the ASU. Since 2012, the newspaper is the winner of the All-Russian competition of student publications and young journalists “Crystal Arrow”, established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Government of Moscow and the Moscow Student Centre, and among the top five Russian student newspapers.

Adygei University occupies a strong position in the scientific and educational community of the Southern Federal District and Russia as a whole and makes every effort to conquer new frontiers, to achieve the highest rating, and always be at the center of scientific progress and the global public interest.

Admission 2020-2021 is open now! Study in Adygey State University!

Copyright © 1995-2020 Adygey State University

University of South Florida

College of Behavioral and Community Sciences

Main navigation, social work assistant professor of instruction shares research at usf celebration of teaching.

Littlewood shares her research in the Marshall Student Center.

• April 19, 2024
• College News , School of Social Work

Kerry Littlewood, PhD , an assistant professor of instruction in the School of Social Work, was selected to present at the USF Celebration of Teaching hosted by the USF Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning .

Littlewood's poster, "Liberating Structures to Promote Equity in the Classroom," spurred conversations from attendees who were eager to hear about innovations being implemented in the School of Social Work classrooms to structurally improve the way it distributes power and encourages engagement using equitable approaches. 

"Attendees seem to really like how pragmatic the approach is and that the liberating structures resource is implemented in a lot of different sectors, from education, to business, to health,” said Littlewood.

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• Criminology
• Child and Family Studies
• College News
• Communication Sciences and Disorders
• Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute (FMHI)
• Mental Health Law and Policy
• School of Aging Studies
• School of Social Work

About College of Behavioral & Community Sciences News

The Mission of the College of Behavioral and Community Sciences (CBCS) is to advance knowledge through interdisciplinary teaching, research, and service that improves the capacity of individuals, families, and diverse communities to promote productive, satisfying, healthy, and safe lives across the lifespan. CBCS envisions the college as a globally recognized leader that creates innovative solutions to complex conditions that affect the behavior and well-being of individuals, families, and diverse communities.

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‘An epidemic of loneliness’: How the pandemic changed life for aging adults

Stock image of a sign at a park in 2020, calling for social distancing. Four years later, a new study shows many are still keeping to themselves more than they did pre-pandemic.  

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Years after the U.S. began to slowly emerge from mandatory COVID-19 lockdowns, more than half of older adults still spend more time at home and less time socializing in public spaces than they did pre-pandemic, according to new CU Boulder research. 

Participants cited fear of infection and “more uncomfortable and hostile” social dynamics as key reasons for their retreat from civic life.

“The pandemic is not over for a lot of folks,” said Jessica Finlay, an assistant professor of geography whose findings are revealed in a series of new papers . “Some people feel left behind.”

The study comes amid what the U.S. Surgeon General recently called an “ epidemic of loneliness ” in which older adults—especially those who are immune compromised or have disabilities—are particularly vulnerable.

“We found that the pandemic fundamentally altered neighborhoods, communities and everyday routines among aging Americans, and these changes have long-term consequences for their physical, mental, social and cognitive health,” said Finlay.

‘I just can’t go back’

As a health geographer and environmental gerontologist, Finlay studies how social and built environments impact health as we age.

In March 2020 as restaurants, gyms, grocery stores and other gathering places shuttered amid shelter-in-place orders, she immediately wondered what the lasting impacts would be. Shortly thereafter, she launched the COVID-19 Coping Study with University of Michigan epidemiologist Lindsay Kobayashi. They began their research with a baseline and monthly survey. Since then, nearly 7,000 people over age 55 from all 50 states have participated.

The researchers check in annually, asking open-ended questions about how neighborhoods and relationships have changed, how people spend their time, opinions and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their physical and mental health.

By the numbers

How aging adults spend their time

• 59% spend more time at home than before pandemic
• 41% go to the grocery less often
• 75% eat out less often 
• 57% exercise indoors less often
• 62% visit an arts or cultural site less often
• 53% attend religious services less often
• 10% exercise outdoors more often

Source: Data from COVID-19 Coping Study survey results from May 2022. A more recent survey found that more than half still had not returned to pre-pandemic social routines.

“We’ve been in the field for some incredibly pivotal moments,” said Finlay, noting that surveys went out shortly after George Floyd was murdered in May 2020 and again after the attack on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

Collectively, the results paint a troubling picture in which a substantial portion of the older population remains isolated even after others have moved on. 

In one paper published in February in the journal Wellbeing, Space and Society , 60% of respondents said they spend more time in their home while 75% said they dine out less. Some 62% said they visit cultural and arts venues less, and more than half said they attend church or the gym less than before the pandemic.

The most recent survey, taken in spring 2023, showed similar trends, with more than half of respondents still reporting that their socialization and entertainment routines were different than they were pre-pandemic. 

In another paper titled “ I just can’t go back ,” 80% of respondents reported there are some places they are reluctant to visit in person anymore.

“The thought of going inside a gym with lots of people breathing heavily and sweating is not something I can see myself ever doing again,” said one 72-year-old male.

Those who said they still go to public places like grocery stores reported that they ducked in and out quickly and skipped casual chitchat. 

“It’s been tough,” said one 68-year-old female. “You don’t stop and talk to people anymore.”

Many respondents reported they were afraid of getting infected with a virus or infecting young or immune-compromised loved ones, and said they felt “irresponsible” for being around a lot of people.

Some reported getting dirty looks or rude comments when wearing masks or asking others to keep their distance—interpersonal exchanges that reinforced their inclination to stay home.

Revitalizing human connection

Jessica Finlay, a health geographer and environmental gerontologist, studies how built environments impact aging.

The news is not all bad, stresses Finlay.

At least 10% of older adults report exercising outdoors more frequently since the pandemic. And a small but vocal minority said that their worlds had actually opened up, as more meetings, concerts and classes became available online.

Still, Finlay worries that the loss of spontaneous interactions in what sociologists call “third places” could have serious health consequences.

Previous research shows that a lack of social connection can increase risk of premature death as much as smoking 15 cigarettes a day and exacerbate mental illness and dementia.

“For some older adults who live alone, that brief, unplanned exchange with the butcher or the cashier may be the only friendly smile they see in the day, and they have lost that,” Finlay said.

Societal health is also at risk.

“It is increasingly rare for Americans with differing sociopolitical perspectives to collectively hang out and respectfully converse,” she writes. 

Finlay hopes that her work can encourage policymakers to create spaces more amenable to people of all ages who are now more cautious about getting sick—things like outdoor dining spaces, ventilated concert halls or masked or hybrid events.

She also hopes that people will give those still wearing masks or keeping distance some grace.

“It is a privilege to be able to ‘just get over’ the pandemic and many people, for a multitude of reasons, just don’t have that privilege. The world looks different to them now,” she said. “How can we make it easier for them to re-engage?”

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Research: Boards Still Have an ESG Expertise Gap — But They’re Improving

• Tensie Whelan

Over the last five years, the percentage of Fortune 100 board members possessing relevant credentials rose from 29% to 43%.

The role of U.S. public boards in managing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues has significantly evolved over the past five years. Initially, boards were largely unprepared to handle materially financial ESG topics, lacking the necessary background and credentials. However, recent developments show a positive shift, with the percentage of Fortune 100 board members possessing relevant ESG credentials rising from 29% to 43%. This increase is primarily in environmental and governance credentials, while social credentials have seen less growth. Despite this progress, major gaps remain, particularly in climate change and worker welfare expertise. Notably, the creation of dedicated ESG/sustainability committees has surged, promoting better oversight of sustainability issues. This shift is crucial as companies increasingly face both regulatory pressures and strategic opportunities in transitioning to a low carbon economy.

Knowing the right questions to ask management on material environmental, social, and governance issues has become an important part of a board’s role. Five years ago, our research at NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business found U.S. public boards were not fit for this purpose — very few had the background and credentials necessary to provide oversight of  ESG topics such as climate, employee welfare, financial hygiene, and cybersecurity. Today, we find that while boards are still woefully underprepared in certain areas, there has been some important progress .

• TW Tensie Whelan is a clinical professor of business and society and the director of the NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business, and she sits on the advisory boards of Arabesque and Inherent Group.

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CDR collects Carolina’s climate research

See climate’s impact on algae to zoos in Carolina Digital Repository’s curation of open access articles.

Just to be clear: The University Libraries’ Carolina Digital Repository collects all kinds of research done at UNC-Chapel Hill. But for Earth Day (April 22), institutional repository librarian Rebekah Kati wanted to call special attention to her climate change collection. That includes 783 publicly available items and counting on a wide range of topics related to climate and the environment.

This collection is just one of 117 publicly available within the repository, which “collects and preserves and makes available the research of the University,” Kati said. “It can be articles, in many cases. But we also have student papers, data sets, book chapters, images, video, audio — whatever form someone’s research takes. We can store it and preserve it in CDR and make it available to the wider public.”

That last feature is particularly important. For many years, research papers have been stuck behind the paywalls of subscription scholarly journals. But in 2016, the University implemented an Open Access Policy to encourage Tar Heel researchers to expand the reach and impact of their work by sharing it more broadly.

Later that year, University Libraries enhanced its existing repository to make it easy for Carolina’s scholars to upload their content in a few clicks . While authors may restrict access to articles in the repository, most of its information is publicly available.

The repository is now home to more than 49,000 articles and 28,000 dissertations, theses and other scholarly work. Some are gathered into special collections, with topics ranging from the coronavirus to enslaved Muslim scholar Omar ibn Said, inspiration for Rhiannon Giddens’ Pulitzer Prize-winning opera “Omar.”

The climate research collection debuted in 2022 to celebrate Open Access Week and that year’s climate justice theme. Kati started with keyword searches on topics like climate adaptation, greenhouse gases and atmospheric carbon dioxide. She also combed through the curriculum vitae of faculty members in the College of Arts and Sciences’ earth, marine and environmental sciences department, looking for eligible articles.

She came up with close to 800 pieces for the climate collection.

“I was impressed with the breadth of research that’s being done in this area. Climate change can touch on all aspects of life, and it’s just really neat to see so much hard work on all this,” Kati said.

Carolina researchers have concentrated on the hard science of climate change, with papers on modeling the effects of sea ice , the human health burden of air pollution and the increase of harmful algal blooms .

But they have also explored related issues like communication and advocacy, including “ The Case of Leonardo DiCaprio and Climate Change ,” and even climate change’s impact on zoo attendance .

“I was struck by some student papers that are tying it to health. One about musculoskeletal injuries jumped out at me,” Kati said. The connection to climate? The UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health master’s student who wrote the paper reasoned that “climate change-induced urbanization” in countries like Ethiopia “led to increased motorization, higher traffic density, and a surge in road traffic injuries and fatalities.”

If Earth Day has piqued your interest in the University’s climate research, then you have much to explore within the Carolina Digital Repository. Best of all, it’s free and available online. “The

CDR is free to use. You do not have to pay,” Kati said. “And it’s legal, which is also something I have to remind folks about. It is free. It is legal. It’s a good thing to do. Particularly for a public university, having research available to the public is a good thing.”

Learn how to deposit scholarly content in the Carolina Digital Repository.

An associate dean at NC State, he will take on his role at the UNC School of Social Work on July 1.

Zambia visit shows SSW’s global impact

A UNC School of Social Work delegation saw how their research helped a nonprofit create jobs in rural areas.

A message from the interim chancellor: Celebrating our students

In a campus email, Lee H. Roberts wrote it's a privilege to interact with students and inspiring to learn about the diverse range of interests they're working on.

Career Treks event highlights public professions

School of Education students networked in Raleigh with representatives from 11 state agencies.

Global studies scholar aspires to diplomacy

After earning a master’s degree, Kat Goodpaster became assistant director of Carolina’s Russian Flagship Program.

Public Service Awards go to 7 people, 2 groups

The Carolina Center for Public Service honored work on health disparities, refugee aid and more.

Trash Force picks up after campus

What started as an extra credit opportunity grew into a club who has fun keeping Carolina clean.

Greensboro junior leapt into two majors

Studying both peace, war and defense and psychology, Elizabeth Cake never gets bored.

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3rd Annual Showcase of DSW Scholars offers free CE credits and registration

• Published April 15, 2024
• College Events , Featured News , Showcase

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Lexington, KY (April 17, 2024) – The University of Kentucky College of Social Work (CoSW) is excited to announce the 3rd Annual Showcase of DSW (Doctorate of Social Work) Scholars. This prestigious event, set to take place virtually from April 22-24, 2024, will gather leading DSW scholars to present on a range of contemporary social work practice issues.

This year’s showcase will feature insightful presentations on the latest theories, interventions, and approaches designed to tackle current challenges within the field. Attendees will have the unique opportunity to earn up to 15 continuing education credits while engaging with innovative research and practice methods that aim to advance the profession.

“The Showcase of DSW Scholars not only highlights the impactful work of our doctoral students but also serves as a critical platform for ongoing education within the social work community,” says Dr. Laura Escobar-Ratliff, Director of the DSW Program and Clinical Assistant Professor. “We are proud to facilitate this exchange of knowledge and to support the professional development of social workers across the country.”

Registration for the event is open and is free for all participants. This initiative underscores the CoSW’s commitment to excellence in social work education, research, and practice, offering a bridge between academic scholarship and practical application.

For more information and to register for the 2024 Showcase of DSW Scholars, please visit https://socialwork.uky.edu/academics/dsw-program/scholar-showcase/ .

For 85 years, the University of Kentucky College of Social Work (CoSW) has been a leader in social work education. As a college, we promote community and individual well-being through translational research and scholarship, exemplary teaching, and vital community engagement. We are committed to the people and social institutions throughout Kentucky, the nation, and the world. Like the University, CoSW is an organization that cultivates a diverse academic community characterized by interpersonal fairness and social justice. We are fiercely committed to developing outstanding social work professionals — leaders who will serve individuals, families, and communities through innovative and effective practices that are guided by cultural competency, systematic ethical analysis, and a keen and pragmatic understanding of the human condition.  

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• April 15, 2024

Legislative Staff Week 2024

Thank You, Legislative Staff!

Every day, you and your colleagues work behind the scenes to support the work of state legislatures. From drafting bills to making statehouses accessible to the public to keeping computer networks secure, legislatures couldn’t function without you. During the week of May 6-10, NCSL celebrates your contributions and considers the importance of both gratitude and recognition in the legislative environment. 

Please join us! Here’s how you can participate:

• Check out a special-edition podcast and resources created with you in mind. 
• Register for a webinar on creating a culture of connection at work. 
• Share a photo or post on social media of how you’re honoring your colleagues. 
• Say thank you to a fellow legislative staffer! 

Praise and Prizes! 

Give a shoutout or two in recognition of a colleague’s or team’s resilience, leadership, innovation or exceptional commitment to the legislature. You’ll both be entered in a daily drawing. Prizes include free registrations for NCSL Base Camp and NCSL swag bags. And for the state receiving the most shoutouts? Dessert’s on us! NSCL will host an ice cream party for all legislative staff. 

Watch the ‘No Time to be Timid’ Webinar 

The riskiest thing we can do is play it safe. Tricia Rose Burt's "No Time to be Timid Manifesto" is a framework to awaken creativity and boldness in our personal and professional lives. Discover the rich experiences that await when we step off the expected path and into our most courageous and creative selves. 

Webinar Registration

Legislative Staff Week Kickoff Town Hall 

Join us for a short conversation with NCSL Staff Chair Sabrina Lewellen on Monday, May 6, at 1 p.m. ET. Lewellen is deputy director of the Arkansas Senate.  

Watch the Town Hall

Special-Edition Podcast  

Starting May 6, tune in for a  special Legislative Staff Week edition of the “Our American States” podcast  with NCSL Staff Chair Sabrina Lewellen. Lewellen will discuss how legislative staff navigated the pandemic – and came out the other side.

Six Tips for Being a Successful Legislative Staffer

NCSL sat down with five staffers—who between them have more than a century’s worth of experience—to learn their  top tips for being effective legislative employees . 

Research Questions? 

NCSL is at your service! Legislators ask all sorts of questions to help them understand policy issues or guide decisions on language to include in bill drafts. Consider NCSL your concierge for research requests. A  wealth of information  is just a phone call or email away. 

Legislative Staff: There’s a professional staff association for you!

Are you a legislative staff member looking to expand your network, enhance your skills, and stay updated on the latest legislative issues? Look no further! NCSL offers nine vibrant communities of peers dedicated to supporting and advancing legislative work nationwide. 

By becoming a professional staff association member, you’ll gain access to: 

• Networking Opportunities : Connect with colleagues from different states, share ideas, and forge valuable relationships. 
• Professional Development : Take advantage of workshops, seminars, and online resources tailored to legislative staff professionals. 
• Legislative Insights : Stay informed about emerging legislative trends, best practices, and policy developments. 

Learn More about Professional Staff Associations

Get Social and Share  

Share a photo with us—by tagging @NCSLorg or adding #LegislativeStaff—that shows how you and your team are celebrating Staff Week. You could be featured on one of NCSL’s social media platforms. Follow us on  Facebook ,  Twitter  and  Instagram . 

Keep an eye on your inbox for more announcements about Legislative Staff Week, and connect with us on social media!

Contact NCSL

For more information on this topic, use this form to reach NCSL staff.

• What is your role? Legislator Legislative Staff Other
• Admin Email

How to Use AI For a More Effective Social Media Strategy, According to Ross Simmonds

Published: April 18, 2024

Welcome to Creator Columns , where we bring expert HubSpot Creator voices to the Blogs that inspire and help you grow better.

It’s the age of AI, and our job as marketers is to keep up.

My team at Foundation Marketing recently conducted an AI Marketing study surveying hundreds of marketers, and more than 84% of all leaders, managers, SEO experts, and specialists confirmed that they used AI in the workplace.

If you can overlook the fear-inducing headlines, this technology is making social media marketers more efficient and effective than ever. Translation: AI is good news for social media marketers.

In fact, I predict that the marketers not using AI in their workplace will be using it before the end of this year, and that number will move closer and closer to 100%.

Social media and AI are two of the most revolutionizing technologies of the last few decades. Social media has changed the way we live, and AI is changing the way we work.

So, I’m going to condense and share the data, research, tools, and strategies that the Foundation Marketing Team and I have been working on over the last year to help you better wield the collective power of AI and social media.

Let's jump into it.

What’s the role of AI in social marketing strategy?

In a recent episode of my podcast, Create Like The Greats, we dove into some fascinating findings about the impact of AI on marketers and social media professionals. Take a listen here:

Let's dive a bit deeper into the benefits of this technology:

Benefits of AI in Social Media Strategy

AI is to social media what a conductor is to an orchestra — it brings everything together with precision and purpose. The applications of AI in a social media strategy are vast, but the virtuosos are few who can wield its potential to its fullest.

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The State of Social Media in 2024

Explore the top trends in social media for brands to know and optimize your social strategy.

• AI Content Creation
• Community Building
• Social Media Shopping
• Social Vs. Search Engine

You're all set!

Click this link to access this resource at any time.

AI to Conduct Customer Research

Imagine you're a modern-day Indiana Jones, not dodging boulders or battling snakes, but rather navigating the vast, wild terrain of consumer preferences, trends, and feedback.

This is where AI thrives.

Using social media data, from posts on X to comments and shares, AI can take this information and turn it into insights surrounding your business and industry. Let's say for example you're a business that has 2,000 customer reviews on Google, Yelp, or a software review site like Capterra.

Leveraging AI you can now have all 2,000 of these customer reviews analyzed and summarized into an insightful report in a matter of minutes. You simply need to download all of them into a doc and then upload them to your favorite Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) to get the insights and data you need.

But that's not all.

You can become a Prompt Engineer and write ChatGPT asking it to help you better understand your audience. For example, if you're trying to come up with a persona for people who enjoy marathons but also love kombucha you could write a prompt like this to ChatGPT:

The response that ChatGPT provided back is quite good:

Below this it went even deeper by including a lot of valuable customer research data:

• Demographics
• Psychographics
• Consumer behaviors
• Needs and preferences

And best of all...

It also included marketing recommendations.

The power of AI is unbelievable.

Social Media Content Using AI

AI's helping hand can be unburdening for the creative spirit.

Instead of marketers having to come up with new copy every single month for posts, AI Social Caption generators are making it easier than ever to craft catchy status updates in the matter of seconds.

Tools like HubSpot make it as easy as clicking a button and telling the AI tool what you're looking to create a post about:

The best part of these AI tools is that they're not limited to one channel.

Your AI social media content assistant can help you with LinkedIn content, X content, Facebook content, and even the captions that support your post on Instagram.

It can also help you navigate hashtags:

With AI social media tools that generate content ideas or even write posts, it's not about robots replacing humans. It's about making sure that the human creators on your team are focused on what really matters — adding that irreplaceable human touch.

Enhanced Personalization

You know that feeling when a brand gets you, like, really gets you?

AI makes that possible through targeted content that's tailored with a level of personalization you'd think was fortune-telling if the data didn't paint a starker, more rational picture.

What do I mean?

Brands can engage more quickly with AI than ever before. In the early 2000s, a lot of brands spent millions of dollars to create social media listening rooms where they would hire social media managers to find and engage with any conversation happening online.

Thanks to AI, brands now have the ability to do this at scale with much fewer people all while still delivering quality engagement with the recipient.

Analytics and Insights

Tapping into AI to dissect the data gives you a CSI-like precision to figure out what works, what doesn't, and what makes your audience tick. It’s the difference between guessing and knowing.

The best part about AI is that it can give you almost any expert at your fingertips.

If you run a report surrounding the results of your social media content strategy directly from a site like LinkedIn, AI can review the top posts you've shared and give you clear feedback on what type of content is performing, why you should create more of it, and what days of the week your content is performing best.

This type of insight that would typically take hours to understand.

Thanks to the power of AI you can upload a spreadsheet filled with rows and columns of data just to be met with a handful of valuable insights a few minutes later.

Improved Customer Service

Want 24/7 support for your customers?

It's now possible without human touch.

Chatbots powered by AI are taking the lead on direct messaging experiences for brands on Facebook and other Meta properties to offer round-the-clock assistance.

The fact that AI can be trained on past customer queries and data to inform future queries and problems is a powerful development for social media managers.

Advertising on Social Media with AI

The majority of ad networks have used some variation of AI to manage their bidding system for years. Now, thanks to AI and its ability to be incorporated in more tools, brands are now able to use AI to create better and more interesting ad campaigns than ever before.

Brands can use AI to create images using tools like Midjourney and DALL-E in seconds.

Brands can use AI to create better copy for their social media ads.

Brands can use AI tools to support their bidding strategies.

The power of AI and social media is continuing to evolve daily and it's not exclusively found in the organic side of the coin. Paid media on social media is being shaken up due to AI just the same.

How to Implement AI into Your Social Media Strategy

Ready to hit "Go" on your AI-powered social media revolution?

Don't just start the engine and hope for the best. Remember the importance of building a strategy first. In this video, you can learn some of the most important factors ranging from (but not limited to) SMART goals and leveraging influencers in your day-to-day work:

The following seven steps are crucial to building a social media strategy:

• Identify Your AI and Social Media Goals
• Validate Your AI-Related Assumptions
• Conduct Persona and Audience Research
• Select the Right Social Channels
• Identify Key Metrics and KPIs
• Choose the Right AI Tools
• Evaluate and Refine Your Social Media and AI Strategy

Keep reading, roll up your sleeves, and follow this roadmap:

1. Identify Your AI and Social Media Goals

If you're just dipping your toes into the AI sea, start by defining clear objectives.

Is it to boost engagement? Streamline your content creation? Or simply understand your audience better? It's important that you spend time understanding what you want to achieve.

For example, say you’re a content marketing agency like Foundation and you’re trying to increase your presence on LinkedIn. The specificity of this goal will help you understand the initiatives you want to achieve and determine which AI tools could help you make that happen.

Are there AI tools that will help you create content more efficiently? Are there AI tools that will help you optimize LinkedIn Ads? Are there AI tools that can help with content repurposing ? All of these things are possible and having a goal clearly identified will help maximize the impact. Learn more in this Foundation Marketing piece on incorporating AI into your content workflow.

Once you have identified your goals, it's time to get your team on board and assess what tools are available in the market.

Recommended Resources:

• How to Write a SMART Goal

2. Validate Your AI-Related Assumptions

Assumptions are dangerous — especially when it comes to implementing new tech.

Don't assume AI is going to fix all your problems.

Instead, start with small experiments and track their progress carefully.

3. Conduct Persona and Audience Research

Social media isn't something that you can just jump into.

You need to understand your audience and ideal customers. AI can help with this, but you’ll need to be familiar with best practices. If you need a primer, this will help:

Once you understand the basics, consider ways in which AI can augment your approach.

4. Select the Right Social Channels

Not every social media channel is the same.

It's important that you understand what channel is right for you and embrace it.

The way you use AI for X is going to be different from the way you use AI for LinkedIn. On X, you might use AI to help you develop a long-form thread that is filled with facts and figures. On LinkedIn however, you might use AI to repurpose a blog post and turn it into a carousel PDF. The content that works on X and that AI can facilitate creating is different from the content that you can create and use on LinkedIn.

The audiences are different.

The content formats are different.

So operate and create a plan accordingly.

Recommended Tools and Resources:

• 18 YouTube Templates for Business
• How to Use Twitter for Business (+ Follower Tracking Template)

5. Identify Key Metrics and KPIs

What metrics are you trying to influence the most?

Spend time understanding the social media metrics that matter to your business and make sure that they're prioritized as you think about the ways in which you use AI.

These are a few that matter most:

• Reach : Post reach signifies the count of unique users who viewed your post. How much of your content truly makes its way to users’ feeds?
• Clicks : This refers to the number of clicks on your content or account. Monitoring clicks per campaign is crucial for grasping what sparks curiosity or motivates people to make a purchase.
• Engagement : The total social interactions divided by the number of impressions. This metric reveals how effectively your audience perceives you and their readiness to engage.

Of course, it's going to depend greatly on your business.

But with this information, you can ensure that your AI social media strategy is rooted in goals.

6. Choose the Right AI Tools

The AI landscape is filled with trash and treasure.

Pick AI tools that are most likely to align with your needs and your level of tech-savviness.

For example, if you're a blogger creating content about pizza recipes, you can use HubSpot's AI social caption generator to write the message on your behalf:

The benefit of an AI tool like HubSpot and the caption generator is that what at one point took 30-40 minutes to come up with — you can now have it at your fingertips in seconds. The HubSpot AI caption generator is trained on tons of data around social media content and makes it easy for you to get inspiration or final drafts on what can be used to create great content.

Consider your budget, the learning curve, and what kind of support the tool offers.

7. Evaluate and Refine Your Social Media and AI Strategy

AI isn't a magic wand; it's a set of complex tools and technology.

You need to be willing to pivot as things come to fruition.

If you notice that a certain activity is falling flat, consider how AI can support that process.

Did you notice that your engagement isn’t where you want it to be? Consider using an AI tool to assist with crafting more engaging social media posts.

Make AI Work for You — Now and in the Future

AI has the power to revolutionize your social media strategy in ways you may have never thought possible. With its ability to conduct customer research, create personalized content, and so much more, thinking about the future of social media is fascinating.

We're going through one of the most interesting times in history.

Stay equipped to ride the way of AI and ensure that you're embracing the best practices outlined in this piece to get the most out of the technology.

Don't forget to share this post!

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