waste management advocacy essay

Essay on Waste Management for Students and Teacher

500+ essay on waste management.

Essay on Waste Management -Waste management is essential in today’s society. Due to an increase in population, the generation of waste is getting doubled day by day. Moreover, the increase in waste is affecting the lives of many people.

For instance, people living in slums are very close to the waste disposal area. Therefore there are prone to various diseases. Hence, putting their lives in danger. In order to maintain a healthy life, proper hygiene and sanitation are necessary. Consequently, it is only possible with proper waste management .

The Meaning of Waste Management

Waste management is the managing of waste by disposal and recycling of it. Moreover, waste management needs proper techniques keeping in mind the environmental situations. For instance, there are various methods and techniques by which the waste is disposed of. Some of them are Landfills, Recycling , Composting, etc. Furthermore, these methods are much useful in disposing of the waste without causing any harm to the environment.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Methods for Waste Management

Recycling – Above all the most important method is the recycling of waste. This method does not need any resources. Therefore this is much useful in the management of waste . Recycling is the reusing of things that are scrapped of. Moreover, recycling is further converting waste into useful resources.

Landfills – Landfills is the most common method for waste management. The garbage gets buried in large pits in the ground and then covered by the layer of mud. As a result, the garbage gets decomposed inside the pits over the years. In conclusion, in this method elimination of the odor and area taken by the waste takes place.

Composting – Composting is the converting of organic waste into fertilizers. This method increases the fertility of the soil. As a result, it is helpful in more growth in plants. Furthermore it the useful conversion of waste management that is benefiting the environment.

Advantages of Waste Management

There are various advantages of waste management. Some of them are below:

Decrease bad odor – Waste produces a lot of bad odor which is harmful to the environment. Moreover, Bad odor is responsible for various diseases in children. As a result, it hampers their growth. So waste management eliminates all these problems in an efficient way.

Reduces pollution – Waste is the major cause of environmental degradation. For instance, the waste from industries and households pollute our rivers. Therefore waste management is essential. So that the environment may not get polluted. Furthermore, it increases the hygiene of the city so that people may get a better environment to live in.

Reduces the production of waste -Recycling of the products helps in reducing waste. Furthermore, it generates new products which are again useful. Moreover, recycling reduces the use of new products. So the companies will decrease their production rate.

It generates employment – The waste management system needs workers. These workers can do various jobs from collecting to the disposing of waste. Therefore it creates opportunities for the people that do not have any job. Furthermore, this will help them in contributing to society.

Produces Energy – Many waste products can be further used to produce energy. For instance, some products can generate heat by burning. Furthermore, some organic products are useful in fertilizers. Therefore it can increase the fertility of the soil.

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Essay on Waste Management

• Updated on  
• May 11, 2023

Every year, the amount of waste is doubling because of the increasing population around the world. The 3Rs, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle should be followed to help in waste management. Waste management is the need of the hour and should be followed by individuals globally. This is also a common essay topic in the school curriculum and various academic and competitive exams like IELTS , TOEFL , SAT , UPSC , etc. In this blog, let us explore how to write an essay on Waste Management.

This Blog Includes:

Tips for writing an essay on waste management , what is the meaning of waste management, essay on waste management in 200 words, essay on waste management in 300 words .

To write an impactful and scoring essay, here are some tips on how to manage waste and write a good essay:

• The initial step is to write an introduction or background information about the topic
• You must use a formal style of writing and avoid using slang language.
• To make an essay more impactful, write dates, quotations, and names to provide a better understanding
• You can use jargon wherever it is necessary, as it sometimes makes an essay complicated
• To make an essay more creative, you can also add information in bulleted points wherever possible
• Always remember to add a conclusion where you need to summarise crucial points
• Once you are done, read through the lines and check spelling and grammar mistakes before submission

Waste management is the management of waste by disposal and recycling of it. It requires proper techniques while keeping in mind the environmental situations. For example, there are various methods and techniques through which the waste is disposed of. Some of these are Landfills, Recycling, Composting, etc. These methods are useful in disposing of waste without causing any harm to the environment.

Sample Essays  on Waste Management

To help you write a perfect essay that would help you score well, here are some sample essays to give you an idea about the same.

One of the crucial aspects of today’s society is waste management. Due to a surge in population, the waste is generated in millions of tons day by day and affects the lives of a plethora of people across the globe. Mostly the affected people live in slums that are extremely close to the waste disposal areas; thus, they are highly prone to communicable and non-communicable diseases. These people are deprived of necessities to maintain a healthy life, including sanitation and proper hygiene. 

There are various methods and techniques for disposing of waste including Composting, Landfills, Recycling, and much more. These methods are helpful in disposing of waste without being harmful to the environment. Waste management is helpful in protecting the environment and creating safety of the surrounding environment for humans and animals. The major health issue faced by people across the world is environmental pollution and this issue can only be solved or prevented by proper waste management so that a small amount of waste is there in the environment. One of the prominent and successful waste management processes, recycling enables us not only in saving resources but also in preventing the accumulation of waste. Therefore it is very important to teach and execute waste management.

The basic mantra of waste management is” Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, Repurpose, and Recycle”. Waste management is basically the collection or accumulation of waste and its disposal. This process involves the proper management of waste including recycling waste generated and even generating useful renewable energy from it. One of the most recent initiatives taken by various countries at the local, national and international levels, waste management is a way of taking care of planet earth. This responsible act helps in providing a good and stable environment for the present and future generations. In India, most animals get choked and struggle till death because they consume waste on the streets.

So far many lives are lost, not only animals but also humans due to a lack of proper waste management. There are various methods and techniques for disposing of waste including Composting, Landfills, Recycling, and much more. These methods are helpful in disposing of waste without being harmful to the environment. Waste management is helpful in protecting the environment and creating safety of the surrounding environment for humans and animals. This process of waste management evolved due to industrialization as prior to these inventions simple burying was sufficient for disposing of waste.

One of the crucial things to control waste is creating awareness among people and this can only be achieved only when the governments and stakeholders in various countries take this health issue seriously. To communicate with various communities and reach each end of the country, the message can be communicated through media and related platforms. People also need to participate in waste management procedures by getting self-motivated and taking care of activities of daily living. These steps to create consciousness about waste management are crucial to guarantee the success and welfare of the people and most importantly our planet earth.

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97 Waste Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best waste management topic ideas & essay examples, 💡 interesting topics to write about waste management, 👍 good essay topics on waste management.

• Zero Waste Management The objective of a zero waste lifestyle is to reduce waste on the environment. The government in San Francisco has propagated a Zero Waste lifestyle.
• Disposal of Electronic Waste There has been a growing call for industry players to effect proper disposal of e-wastes, or to find alternative uses of the wastes, such as recycling and separating the components of the electronic devices for […]
• E-Waste Management in the School Environment Recycling Recycling is one of the best ways of managing e-waste in the school. Specifically, the school should roll out a comprehensive campaign on the need to dump the e-wastes in these bins.
• The Importance of Zero Waste Management The introduction gets the audience acquainted with the general idea of the paper and the key concept investigated. The major purpose of the zero-waste approach is the arrangement of a circular flow of materials, thereby […]
• Solid Waste Management in the Dubai Municipality The aim of this paper is to examine the extent of managing the effects of solid waste within the Dubai Municipality.
• Electronic Waste Management in China According to Liu et al, one of the major areas of concern in environmental conservation is the massive generation of electronic wastes.
• Campus Waste Management The current agreement with the surrounding community on the problem of waste management is based on such principles as the reduction of the waste and its division according the recycling standards.
• Solid Waste Management: Hazardous Waste Management It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the issue of improper trash disposal practices and the human health problems that such practices may cause in the community.
• Environmental Protection and Waste Management The analysis also focuses on the intellectual behaviour of people regarding the environmental effects of waste. There is lack of strong basis for scientific findings and current guidance is causing the environmental challenges to become […]
• The Issue of Waste Management at Events This paper considers the importance of gradually reducing the volume of waste generated at events and the possibility of attracting investors to the field of waste recycling at events.
• The Intel Corporation Waste Management Plan in the Workplaces This paper presents a discussion of the intensity of the seriousness of these problems with reference to a case study of waste management in Jones Cafe 5 and the Ronler Acres Cafe 3 workplaces. The […]
• Nepal’s Waste Management Alternatives For this reason, the group embarked on a research and a number of discussions with EWB to come up with the best design to address the problem of waste management in the area.
• The Nuclear Waste Management Policy The increase in the nations’ potential will aid in their industrialization and enable them to contribute more significantly to the settlement of the nuclear waste problem.
• Dental Offices’ Waste Management Practices A dental office also has to train its employees to ensure that they are aware of the importance of effective waste management to minimize the likelihood of pollution.
• Medical Waste Management and Disposal Plan The movement of hazardous medical waste needs to be carefully controlled from the point of generation to the point of final treatment.
• Food Waste Management: Impact on Sustainability and Climate Change How effective is composting food waste in enhancing sustainability and reducing the effects of climate change? The following key terms are used to identify and scrutinize references and study materials.”Food waste” and sustain* “Food waste” […]
• Waste Management Strategies: Toxic Releases It is expected that numbers need to be higher every year as the management of waste improves. Still, progress is not yet achieved in increasing the number of new source reduction projects.
• Efficient Strategies to Improve Waste Management in Qatar Restaurants The primary aim of the study is to determine the effective strategies that can be used to improve waste management in restaurants operating in Qatar.
• Dental Waste Disposal and Related Issues Thus, it is necessary for such waste to be disposed of in separate containers and for only the required amount to be used to avoid wastage.
• Sustainable Waste Management Benefits In this study, the scholar’s aims include: to know the impacts of workable management of leftover in project-based corporations, including how it profits organisations and the various methods firms use to sustain the environment.
• Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Strategies People are informed about the area of the collection facilities and the types of materials that are permissible and inadmissible at the collection site.
• Illegal Hazardous Waste Management Cases It may include the illegal storage of waste under the guise of valuable materials or the illegal dumping of refuse into surroundings.
• Waste Management and Policy Improvement Suggestions However, the existing framework does not allow for rigid and sufficient control of the waste management strategies, particularly in regard to organizational e-waste management and e-waste disposal in families.
• Waste Management Sustainability in the UK Fashion Industry In spite of the presence of the overarching goal, the exact nature and direction of sustainable policies may vary across different contexts and regions of the globe.
• Reign of Recycling and Waste Management Problem Despite the established opinion about the benefits of recycling, John Tierney, the author of the article, debates the advantages of this process.
• Solid Waste Disposal: Alternative Methods From this perspective, the necessity to recycle specific types of waste is easier to explain to the citizens than the benefits of incineration, as the former approach is more explicit.
• Poor Waste Disposal and Pollution in California For instance, the rapid increase in the number of factories and industries in California has led to more waste products in the state.
• Environmental Effect & Waste Management Survey The result shows that most respondents are aware of some of the issues caused by environmental waste and lack of recycling.
• On Waste Management: “The Big Necessity” by Rose George To accomplish this three major issues are addressed; the author’s points as well as my intention, things I have learned from the book as well as my thoughts, and lastly the benefits of the book.
• Waste Disposal: Deductions, Legal Fees S 8-1 Positive and Negative limbs: First positive limb: The extent to which outgoing expenses are incurred in gaining or producing assessable income.
• Waste Management and Hazardous Releases The study assesses the credibility of the area to sustain the facility and the effect on the public health and environment.
• Radioactive Medical Waste Management The discovery of the potential of radionuclides in the management of medical conditions has seen an increase in the use of radionuclides in medical facilities.
• Transpacific Waste Management Facility The company has a wide range of waste removal, management, and disposal arrangements that have been fully certified to manage liquid and hazardous waste materials.
• Waste Management Practices: The Shire of Collie Most of the regions within the proximity of the Shire of Collie undertake drastic measures to control the growth of the waste management problem.
• African Towns’ Waste Management: Port Said, Egypt The report addresses problems in developing African countries in general and the city of Port Said in particular. In Port Said, waste collection is done by local authority employees and is largely dependent on two […]
• Waste Management in Developing Nations: A Need Assessment Plan Information gathering is very important as it will tell the current methods of waste management present in the community and the existing resources.
• E-Waste Management in the US: In Search of a Financial Model This paper defines and considers the peculiar characteristics of electronic waste or E-Waste, and invites particular reference to the system of E-Waste management followed by the US federal government and the member States.
• Mapping Environmental Justice: Water and Waste Management Environmental justice describes a set of values, rules and actions which place the responsibility for the dangers to the environmental health on citizens from all ethnicities and socioeconomic classes of the society and guarantee them […]
• Analysis of the Hazardous Waste Management in American States The report particularly mirrors the relationship of the number of waste generators and total hazardous waste generated by the state, generators versus waste generated, and waste shipped versus a number of regions within the States.
• Electronic Waste Management and Recycling In this modern era, going green is the main concern of companies and thus a stance for competition for the majority.
• Liquid Waste Disposal and Ground Water Contamination The following picture illustrates the contamination of water by the liquid waste disposed by The Davis Liquid Waste Analysis of the two case studies reveals that there was ground water in glacial deposits contamination by […]
• Evaluation and Enhancement of E-Waste Management in Dubai The following are some of the possible research methods that can be used to evaluate how to enhance e-waste management in the United Arab Emirates, specifically in the city of Dubai.
• E-Waste Management: Reducing the Toxicity Thus, the topic of this essay is the assessment of the current problem of e-waste management, the current levels of competence about e-waste management, and the methods of addressing the problem at hand.
• Sustainability and Industrial Waste Management It should be mandatory to use the EPA transport certificates. Landfills should not be used to dispose of wastes that belong to category A.
• Waste Management Steps for Manufacturers In the third step, Cooks argues that waste products and waste vehicles should be organized in such a way as to ensure that the waste collected is transported from the factory to the waste processing […]
• Horizon Company’s Energy and Waste Management The same analogy is true for its high-energy demand because Horizon’s use of fossil fuel and electricity to power its organisational processes contribute to the depletion of the earth’s resources.
• Waste Management: Building Information Modeling The amount of waste generated in construction and demolition processes is enormous and is considered the largest portion of global waste.
• Waste Management in Food Processing: Different Types of Wastes and Recycling Ways Even though countries use a variety of ways to manage waste, the research suggests that they are not sufficiently effective and the accumulating waste poses a danger to the well-being of the population.
• Waste Management in Urban Area: Peer Review The methods applied in Cracow enumerated the mass of the waste collected in 2007 and subdivided it into sections of quantity disposed in containers, landfills, and in the recycling banks.
• Metalico Inc.’s Sustainability and Waste Management The other types of scrap metal are distributed to the other facilities in various states. Since this company is a scrap metal recycling facility, it protects the environment against pollution.
• Etihad Airways Company’s Waste Management Approach Moreover, one of the core values of the company is its determination to create a sustainable system that will minimize the impact of the company’s operations on the environment.
• Waste Management in Australia: International Lessons This report is based on the extensive literature survey of the waste management sector in Australia and helps to develop an understanding of the achievements made by the country in the chosen sector. Many developed […]
• Ford’s Waste Disposal in Ringwood Mines Landfill Site In 1984, the area was placed on the Superfund priority list by the Environmental Protection Agency in order to clean up the contamination; however, several attempts of land recovery made by Ford failed as pockets […]
• Medical Waste Disposal: Steps and Regulations Medical waste is “waste sufficiently capable of causing infection during handling and disposal”. Genotoxic Highly dangerous waste that can be teratogenic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic.
• Deep Borehole Disposal for Nuclear Waste 22It is noteworthy that the issue of the feasibility of these projects is still questionable, and the US is unique in actually preparing to test it.
• Hazardous Waste Disposal in the United States The purpose of this report is to present the results of the investigation of the Hanford vitrification plant, a construction projct of Bechtel Corporation.
• Healthcare Waste Management and International Pacts Where a private contractor is involved in the collection, transportation, and disposal of the waste, the duty of care principle requires the health care facility to conduct supervision to ensure that the processes are carried […]
• Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries The major factors that affect the management of waste in cities in developing nations are an ever-increasing quantity of waste generated, overburdened municipal resources because of the increased cost of waste management, and insufficient understanding […]
• Food and Water Waste Disposal in NYC As Grogan observes, many of the problems that are associated with the process of waste disposal are due to the corruption in the state government.
• Waste Management and Action Plan: SP AusNet’s Offices Besides, the report outlines the protocols and procedures for conducting waste management audits such as visual inspection of the current waste boxes and disposal bins.
• Geelong Resource Recovery Centre: Waste Management The Organogram of the facility supports the waste disposal system. Consequently, some waste materials are not transported to the landfill facility.
• Transpacific, Australian Waste Disposal Agency The services department is classified into the general waste disposal, hazardous waste disposal unit, industrial waste disposal and other waste disposal unit. In accordance with the Waste Management Act, the company has the certification and […]
• Nuclear Waste Management Ethical Dilemmas However, the creation of energy through nuclear reactions leads to the production of radioactive by-products that are dangerous to the environment.
• Hazardous Material Waste Management Issues For example, nuclear wastes that are generated during the production of nuclear energy are highly hazardous to people and the environment.
• Benefit Corporation’s Waste Management Owing to the new changes in the operational nature of this company, there is an urgent need to oversee the wellbeing of the immediate environment.
• Effective Waste Management Steps Step 6: To guarantee the effective reuse of the waste, it is necessary to pay attention to the containers for storing the waste and to the method used for reusing the substances.
• Hazardous Waste Management Policy at ASU Understanding the seriousness of the issue and the importance of the correct policy applied towards such aspect of work as hazardous waste management, I have read the policy Arizona State University presents.
• Nuclear Waste Disposal Methods The main challenge associated with the nuclear energy is the disposal of the resultant waste. The question of nuclear waste management remains a challenging one given that projections indicate a possible rise in the use […]
• Solid Waste Management in Canada The paper researches and examines the issue of privatization in solid waste management in Canada. The article reveals crucial debates on the issue of privatization of solid waste management.
• “Management Models of Municipal Solid Waste: A Review Focusing on Socio Economic Factors” by Cherian and Jacob Numerous factors impact the quality and results of solid waste management, and the goal of Cherian and Jacob is to review them.
• Introducing E-Waste Management Course in the College The objective of the course would be to ensure that the youths are responsible for the management of wastes, especially the electronic wastes.
• Waste Management Plan – Archivision Garbage collection is inappropriate while the firm produces a great amount of paper and ink wastes, not to mention the food waste and from other activities in the kitchen and in the suites.
• Global Solid Waste Problem and Management Effectiveness in the collection of solid wastes depends on the rate of production of the wastes and availability of resources and equipment to facilitate this collection.
• Waste Management in Australia The first item of the log that is at the top is meant to define the authority under which the bins are managed.
• Waste Management in Australia Numerous materials that end up in landfills determine the types of waste-to-energy management practices that should be executed to save the environment from pollution and devastation.
• Waste Disposal of Victoria City Since the quality of wastes is above the amount which is allowed for disposal through the council, the company should begin by getting waste disposal certificate and observe the rules of disposing the hazardous wastes.
• Wastewater Management Program for Abu Dhabi The plan is to create a conventional treatment plant that will involve a technology to treat the water with efficiency and reliability.
• E-Waste Management Plan for Melbourne School For instance, the e-waste sensitization unit may be encouraged to advice the stakeholders of the school to observe the basic rules of e-waste disposal such as collection of these wastes in designated containers or collection […]
• Sustainability and Waste Management: University of Queensland At the time of the collection of the waste from the bins, the bins are over 50% full, with the general waste bins being 95% full.
• Refinery Wastewater Management Water processing plants that use chemical processes to manage the waste water have now turned to the use of zero-effluent techniques of waste management that ensure that the waste water can be re-used and the […]
• Waste Management in Rye Facility The main aim of Rye facility is to foster waste recovery together with the provision of tipping services to people within the municipality.
• Waste Management in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi The government in the emirate should formulate regulations governing waste management and restricting any form of disposal that could be harmful to the environment.
• A Comparative Analysis of American and Chinese Waste Management Methods In addition, the use of recycling reduces the chances of a country to make use of land fill and incineration and promotes the usability of waste materials again and again.
• Sustainability and Waste Management Secondly, this approach can decrease the cost of energy, and this opportunity is important for the economic sustainability of the country.
• Technologies in Improving Air Quality Management Due to Waste Water In this regard, the Eastern Research Group says the temperature of the environment and the physical design of the wastewater treatment facilities have a role to play in the intensity of the pollution In Canada, […]
• Project Management: A Platform Project for Waste Recycling in SMEs and Public Companies Seeing how the manufacturing process includes the location of the resources and the transportation of the given resources to the end customer and, in fact, cannot be viewed outside the manufacturing process, it will be […]
• Management of E-Waste The school can contact the vendors and suppliers of such equipment for disposal. The school can identify the surplus equipment and organize a local auction to dispose them off.
• Sustainability and Waste Management in the Australian Construction Industry In Australia, there is the National Waste Policy that the Waste Management Association of Australia together with the government has put forth to responsibly manage wastes in the country.
• Waste Management Strategies in Australia This is because the population of the country is increasing leading to the creation of more waste. The increase in the quantity of waste generated in the country has a direct link to the increase […]
• The Bamako Convention: Management of Hazardous Waste Materials Movement In the recent past, many countries have been accused of damping hazardous waste in the form of nuclear waste in various parts of the world especially oceans and in third world countries this trend is […]
• Possible Solutions to the Problem of Solid Waste Management Basing on the Comparison of the Situation in the USA and the European Countries To overcome the issue of solid waste management, the USA and the European countries practice the collection, transportation, recycling of the waste at the local and regional levels, with focusing on the competitiveness of the […]
• E-Waste Disposal in US E-waste disposal is destroying the environment in various ways depending on the type of the electronic disposed and the method of disposal.
• Waste Management, Inc. Analysis and Recommendations The company had expressed interest in acquiring its competitor Republic Services, Inc in July 2008 placing a bid of $34 per share, however, this offer was rejected and the company made another attempt in August […]
• Management Recycling of the Waste The requirement of this assignment was to collect and recycle different kinds of household items from the trash. In the first week five plastic cups were collected, which were kept in the storage area.
• Comparison of Secondary and Tertiary Waste Water Management Both the secondary and tertiary treatment methods utilize a number of processes to make each step a success but tertiary treatment is never usually a necessity because it depends on the toxicity of the source […]
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Advocacy and Education on Waste Management

Waste management interventions are often hampered by lack of awareness and limited knowledge on resource recovery technologies, poly tools and financial mechanisms. The ability to appropriately and sustainably manage municipal solid waste rests on well-developed and well-build capacity for city officials and other waste management practicioners, as well as environmentally conscious citizens. Therefore, UN-Habitat is developing tools that help increase the knowledge of city officials, and sensitize citizens on their responsibilities.

Towards a Solution

In order to develop the capacity of all waste management practitioners, and to offer the general public and schools effective and sufficient waste education, UN-Habitat is engaging its beneficiaries with the three different approaches, stated below. These activities are carried out under the African Clean Cities Platform (ACCP) and the Waste Wise Cities Campaign (WWCC).

1. Waste Academy: 

Target:  City government officials and practitioners related to ACCP and WWCC networks.

Academy participants are offered tailored courses and learning materials, and can also join a Discussion Forum in order to address questions and other issues. The Forums are facilitated by moderators communicating with course participants. Issues faced by member cities are addressed by network and experts from UN-habitat. Through the Academy, member cities also receive assistance for developing project proposals from UN-Habitat, including facilitation of project financing of feasible projects. The main goal of the Academy is to build the capacity of waste management practitioners so they are better equipped make informed decisions and implement interventions for improving waste management in and shifting towards the circular economy.

2. Awareness Toolkit and Guide: 

Target:  City authorities and community residents.

The toolkit is a community education and awareness strategy designed by UN-Habitat to promote behavioural change at community level and transform habits and perceptions about waste as a resource. The goal is to foster behavioural change at the community level to achieve sustainable resource and solid waste management.

3. School Programme: 

Target:  Teachers and students of pre-primary and primary schools as well as higher education entities within the ACCP and WWCC networks.

Children should acquire appropriate literacy and education on the waste management since childhood, so they can start practicing appropriate waste and resource management in their daily lives. In order to encourage regular waste education activities at school, UN-Habitat has developed the Waste Wise School Toolkits, which includes 5Rs education guidelines, among other materials. Additionally, the programme identifies innovative educational programmes and publicizes them through the WWCC website and through our partner entities. Regional trainings and workshops are also organised, in collaboration with regional associations or Ministries of Education, in order to mainstream the School Programme and incorporate it their strategy. Other programme activities were carried out at schools by youth groups such YPG, JICA volunteers and relevant organisations.

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• Waste Management

An Introduction

Waste Management or disposal includes processing and disposing of Waste starting right from its point of inception to complete disposal. Waste can be solid or liquid and sometimes even gas. It can be domestic, industrial, biomedical, municipal or radioactive Waste. Each different type of Waste has a specific disposal method and they can be classified as:

Landfill: A huge dumping ground for garbage usually located away from a city. Every kind of solid waste is disposed of in a landfill.

Incineration: Waste from municipalities and solid residue from Wastewater treatment are disposed of by resorting to combustion which converts them to residue and gaseous products. It is not an eco-friendly method as combustion leads to the release of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide.

Recycle, Reduce, Re-use

The three R’s of Waste Management, i.e., Reduce reuse and Recycle should be followed at every place possible. These methods of Waste Management are mostly environment friendly and help avoid resorting to Waste Management measures like landfill and incineration that are harmful to humans as well as the environment.

There are numerous benefits of recycling. Recycling helps recover resources that can be used to make use of them in a different way. New products can be made by recycling general Waste. Solid Wastes like wood, glass, plastic, electronic devices, clothing and leather items can be Recycled. 

Wastes that are organic in nature can be Recycled and reused, often as manure or fertilizer for agriculture by the method of decomposition. Food scraps, plant products (such as cow dung) and carcasses, paper products are the most reusable for making manure.

Some Waste items that contain plastic such as polythene bags, bottles, pipes, etc. don't decompose easily and can pile up as a landfill for many years, sometimes ending up in the ocean and killing animals who choke on them accidentally. The use of such products that are harmful to everyone should be Reduced. Alternative options have been developed to Reduce the use of plastic such as jute bags instead of polythene bags, paper straws and packaging to be used in place of those made of plastic are a few to name. 

FAQs on Waste Management

1. What are the Challenges Faced in Waste Management? 

One of the major challenges associated with waste management is solid waste management due to an increase in industrialization. The waste disposal is only rising and in cities with high population faces the wrath of this even more as with time there is deterioration in the natural environment and thus the health of the working class.

2. How can One Tackle this Problem of Waste Management?

The most effective way to resolve this problem is by reducing the production of waste itself; one can do that by composting the food and garden waste or by segregating and sending for recycling. The other important way is by addressing the public on the importance of waste management and its benefits to the environment.

3. What are the sources of Waste?

Waste accumulates in our everyday life from different sources. Households, industries and factories produce both solid and liquid Waste, hospitals and laboratories produce biomedical Wastes like syringes, gauge pads, etc., agricultural fields and farms produce agricultural Waste that includes dung, hay, etc., and even educational institutes like schools and colleges generate some amount of Waste which are called commercial Wastes.

4. What are the types of Waste?

There are mainly two types of Wastes:

Biodegradable Waste: These kinds of Waste are usually generated from the kitchen and are mostly organic in nature and can be decomposed to make manure that is generally used for composting in the garden.

Non-Biodegradable Waste: Wastes that do not decompose easily such as plastic and glass, accumulate in the environment and harm animal life.

5. Why is Waste Management important?

Waste created by different sources in the environment has the potential to harm humans and animals alike by spreading diseases when the Waste is not taken care of through disposal. Animals grazing in the field or unsuspecting water animals can get tangled and die of suffocation from non-biodegradable Waste products like plastic bottles and straws or polythene bags. Waste Management is important to Reduce the effect of Waste on the environment as well as for building livable and sustainable cities through recycling, reusing and reducing Waste materials.

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6. How can individuals help in Waste Management?

Individuals can take small steps in everyday life to help Reduce the amount of Waste generated through households by reusing materials wherever possible and buying environment-friendly products as well as those which are recyclable in the future. Waste Management also includes the separation of Wastes according to the type of Waste such as solid Waste or liquid Waste, and segregating and disposing of them safely.

7. What is the role of the government in Waste Management?

Starting from municipalities, the local body has the responsibility to process and dispose of Waste from every source and take sanitary measures for keeping a city clean for healthy living. 

Governments can set standards and regulate industrial Waste by encouraging research on Waste product reduction as well as safe elimination and they can also impose penalties or fines for not being able to meet standards for Waste generation and Management thus keeping the factories in check.

They can promote drives on the usefulness of recycling and reusing in rural areas which are the main sources of agricultural Waste. They should also encourage students to learn Waste Management for more sustainable and holistic growth of the future environment.

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Impacting policies: Waste management and advocacy in Lebanon

This is a joint publication with Heinrich Böll Foundation - Middle East Office

Introduction | Lebanon’s Waste Management Problems: A Brief Background

Since 1994, Lebanon's waste management policy has consisted of implementing a series of emergency plans, each partially and poorly executed, and extended until a new crisis emerged. Devoid of any measures to move to long-term, sustainable planning, these local emergency fixes to the lingering waste crisis have incurred high financial costs for citizens as well as negative environmental, health, and safety impacts.

Lebanese citizens are paying a high price for solid waste management (SWM). Lebanon spends $154.5 to manage every ton of solid waste, compared to Algeria, Jordan, and Syria which spend $7.22, $22.8, and $21.55, respectively (Human Rights Watch, 2020). The solid waste sector ranked first in terms of environment-related government spending in Lebanon, with a total of $647 million spent between 1998 and 2008 (Arif & Doumani, 2014). Expenditures on SWM reached $2.2 billion between 1996 and 2015 (Akiki, 2019).

Despite these high expenditures, the cost of environmental degradation (COED) from the solid waste sector was around $66.5 million (0.2% of national GDP) in 2012 (Arif & Doumani, 2014), increasing to $200 million (0.4% of GDP) in 2018 (MoE, UNDP, 2019). To date, around 20% of the waste is recovered, out of which only 6% reaches recycling facilities, 36% is landfilled, and 44% is dumped in around 940 open dumps scattered throughout the country (MoE, UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, 2020).

At the same time, the private company contracted since 1994 to collect and treat much of Lebanon’s waste – Sukleen (part of the Averda Group) – has generated over $170 million in revenues per year, one of the highest waste management revenues in the world (Chaaban, 2016). Sukleen has held a monopoly in waste management in Beirut and Mount Lebanon since the 1990s, when it won a contract for building, testing, and operating a waste incinerator located in the city of Amrousiyeh. Operation at that site was short-lived as angry residents burned the plant down in 1996, but through other contracts, Sukleen came to handle around 50% of the waste generated nationally, serving around 400 municipalities (Chaaban, 2016). The company’s contract was renewed three times by the Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) without an open tender. With each contract renewal, collection and processing fees increased, all paid using transfers from the Independent Municipal Fund, an intergovernmental grant system that disburses taxes and fees to municipalities.

Successive plans for integrated solid waste management (ISWM) – in 2006, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2019 – never bore fruit. Instead, Sukleen’s monopoly persisted in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, with its contracts managed by the central government rather than the municipalities. Meanwhile, in other regions, municipalities and federations of municipalities managed their waste following a decentralized approach, with international aid being channelled to finance Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) plants for sorting and composting, achieving low diversion rates from landfills and dumps (Azzi, 2017).

Lebanon’s inadequate waste management policies must be understood in the context of its general policymaking landscape, which is encapsulated in a “politics of exclusion” (Geha C. , 2021). One dimension of exclusion is that of impunity, whereby years can go by without an ISWM plan and environmental crimes can be committed without justice ever being served. The political system that reinforces clientelism in hiring and appointments in government institutions, especially oversight institutions (the Central Inspection Bureau, the Audit Bureau, among others) and the lack of judicial independence weakens accountability. For example, several judicial decisions could not prevent the construction and expansion of the Burj Hammoud and Costa Brava landfills, despite not having approved environmental impact assessments approved by the ministry of environment (MoE) and their violation of applicable laws.

A second dimension of exclusion is the formality of informality. State institutions, parliament, and the cabinet are not the sites of decision-making. Instead, strategic decisions are in the hands of sectarian warlords ( zu’ama ) or party leaders. This makes accountability hard to implement. For instance, decisions to establish three waste incinerators were not based on scientific grounds, economic feasibility, or actual need, but on quotas and sectarian distribution of state utilities. Moreover, when the Council of Ministers approved the road map for waste management in 2019, they gave several days for the political parties to choose the sites of the incinerators south of Beirut, instead of adopting scientific criteria for the siting of incinerators (Arab Window, 2019).

The third dimension of the politics of exclusion is widespread corruption. Politicians treat public positions and resources as their own and use them for clientelism. They have no interest in, nor would they benefit from, any attempt for reform (Geha C. , 2021). The decision to adopt waste incineration, for example, despite several reports stating that it is not the best solution for Lebanon (EU; OMSAR, 2018), was driven by the private benefits some politicians accrued from collaborating with the private sector. Many suspect that a sizeable chunk of Sukleen’s revenues was channelled through kickbacks to political leaders to ensure “smooth operations” (Chaaban, 2016). The company’s critics often point to its strong links to the Hariri family as an example of corruption and patronage within Lebanon ( Civil Society Knowledge Center, 2016).

Corruption, coupled with negligence and incompetence, has led to persistent waste mismanagement, intensifying citizens’ lack of confidence in the state as well as the private sector. The dumping and landfilling of 80-90% of waste without treatment, open burning, odours emitted from the marine landfills and composting plants, and the failure to treat the leachate generated by the landfills have amplified Not in My Backyard (NIMBY) sentiments, with residents strongly opposed to the establishment of SWM facilities in their regions.

Living along with enduring waste mismanagement, civil society has organized several advocacy campaigns throughout the years to push for better practices.

This paper tackles the evolution and role of civil society actors and advocacy campaigns concerning SWM since the 2015 waste crisis. It addresses the organization, advocacy strategies, tools, challenges, adopted roadmaps, and lessons learned from these movements and coalitions, using a comparative analysis between the Harak movement that emerged during the 2015 waste crisis and the Waste Management Coalition that formed in 2017 in the face of persistent waste mismanagement and the government plans to adopt waste incineration.

The main means of data collection for this paper were participant observations of protests, sit-ins, and activities (noting that the author of the paper is a member of the Waste Management Coalition), in addition to personal communications with activists, a review of existing literature and secondary media sources. This paper is also based on interviews and informal discussions with actors in the Harak and the Waste Management Coalition. Preliminary findings were presented during a workshop attended by municipal council members, civil society organizations, international organizations, and researchers to gauge their perspectives on activism and advocacy campaigns starting with the protests of 2015 to date.

The views represented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Arab Reform Initiative, its staff, or its board.

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Essay on Waste Management

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Introduction:

Due to impacts of environmental pollution, people have been more cautious on waste disposal. Waste management involves processes of collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. Depending on the different types and nature of wastes, their management differs.

Types of Wastes:

Wastes are classified into different types based on the physical appearance. Liquid wastes are liquid in nature, solid wastes are solid and organic wastes are organic in nature. Waste management for liquid wastes is different from solid and organic wastes. Wastes are also classified based on the degree of harm like hospital wastes are classified as infectious, highly infectious and general wastes.

The Process of Waste Management:

Waste management begins from the point of collection. It is necessary to segregate wastes from the point of collection so that the process becomes easier. The transportation of wastes is the next step and it is different for liquid, solid, organic, hazardous and infectious wastes. Disposal of wastes is the final step in waste management whereby incineration, burying, recycling and treatment of wastes is done.

Importance of Waste Management:

Waste management is aimed at protection of the environment and to enhance the safety of surrounding environment for humans and animals. Hazardous wastes are disposed far from reach of humans and animals to prevent harm. Environmental pollution is a major public health issue that is prevented by proper waste management because fewer wastes end up in the environment. Recycling as a waste management process enables saving of resources and prevention of accumulation of wastes.

Waste management in an efficient way is a necessary step to be taken in this developing world. With all the growth in hands, improper disposal of waste and carelessness have created many forms of consequences and inconveniences among us. Waste management means the proper processing and management of different types of wastes, from the time it is disposed of.

Wastes that are produced by human activities are nowadays disposed irresponsibly on roadsides, unused lands, etc. Lack of proper treatment of such wastes creates many problems like a bad odor, harmful disease-causing germs spread all over the place and more. Most commonly domestic wastes are being thrown like this by the people.

Waste Management Concepts:

Waste management starts with the collection of waste from the source itself. Transportation of such collected waste is another important factor. Once the waste is carefully transported to appropriate places suitable for disposal, then comes the processing and proper disposal stage of waste management.

However, there are many other important aspects of waste management. One of them is the three R’s concept: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Reducing the production of waste by controlling excess use of products, and also by the reduction of sources while the product is manufactured, will help in the waste management. Use more eco-friendly items so that they can be disposed of easily without polluting our environment.

Reuse is another concept of waste management in which the product instead of being disposed of should be reused in a more creative way. Waste management also means using a product till it completely becomes unusable to avoid excess waste disposal.

Recycle is the concept of converting the waste into the raw material so that they can be used again for the manufacturing process. This method of waste management will reduce the cost of production, pollution and will be of better quality.

Production of unwanted materials should be reduced to help in creating a better waste management hierarchy. We humans should be more careful in using and disposing of products after its use.

Waste Management is the systematic collection of wastes and its disposal. It includes proper recycling of collected wastes and generation of renewable energy from it. Waste management is the recent initiative taken by countries at local, national and international levels to care about planet earth. It is the responsible act to provide good environment for the present and future generations.

Significance:

In human history, waste management has become necessary after inventions and industrializations. Prior to industrialization, simple burying was sufficient to handle wastes, as they were mostly biodegradable. Equipment’s, utensils, tools etc., were passed down from generation to generation, as mass production was unknown in those days. But with industrialization and increase in population along with the indulgence for recreation, more than manageable wastes are getting produced day by day. Since, these wastes pose serious threat to health and environment, waste management has become one of the priority issues of the century.

Sources & Treatment:

Solid, liquid, and organic wastes are produced starting from homes to business establishments and industries. Each type of waste originated from these sources has different methods to systematically collect, transport, treat and properly dispose without affecting the environment. Apart from common wastes, there are also hazardous wastes that require special treatment. Hence, waste management plays an important role in the society to effectively handle these wastes.

Residential Waste Management:

Residential wastes consists about 65% of the trash generated from everyday activities. These are collected from door to door and segregated before disposal to landfills. The biodegradable organic wastes are composted and reused as manure. The non-biodegradable wastes like rigid plastic containers, glass, tin and aluminium metal cans are recycled for new use. The use of non-recyclable plastic bags and polystyrene foams cups have been reduced in the recent days and even banned by some local Governments. Electronic and other hazardous wastes require proper disposal through vendors, who specialize in their recycle process.

Business Waste Management:

Apart from the common wastes listed out under the residential category, business houses generate additional waste specific to their industries. They include construction debris, pesticides, automotive parts, electronics, pharmaceutical and medical wastes, etc. Relevant waste management techniques are included as part of their processes to sustain the environment.

Industrial Waste Management:

The challenges of waste management are higher for oil and gas, refineries and petrochemical industries, etc. Starting from construction of pipelines or production facilities to the end-dumps of processes, the challenges faced by them are manifold. Proper collection and disposal methods are introduced at every level for efficient waste management. These methods form part of their daily routine and are monitored by local authorities.

Tagline for Waste Management:

The best waste management tagline propagated the world over is 3Rs namely – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. At the first level, waste management would be effective if all individuals, corporates and industries take care to reduce their use of things. Secondly, if everyone could creatively find means to reuse the things that would contribute significantly to the waste management efforts. The final and important emphasis is on use of recyclable things, so that they do not end in landfills. Incineration of landfills, as a method of waste management, should be the last resort, as they cause air pollution.

Conclusion:

The Governments and Stakeholders in developed and developing countries have seriously taken up the cause of creating awareness on waste management. Through various media, the message is communicated to reach the communities. Stringent measures are also taken up by them against defaulters in businesses and industries. At a personal level, we need to be motivated to care for waste management in every activity of our daily living. This consciousness is required to guarantee the success of ambitious goals set by stakeholders.

The complete procedure of controlling, handling, storage, transporting, reprocessing and discarding of industrial, human and environmental waste is known as waste management. Waste management is a worldwide subject; however, its consequences are more noticeable in emerging nations.

Solid waste management that is a quite huge task is becoming more complex with growth in overpopulation, suburbanization, social and economic growth, commercialization, etc. Official insubstantiality, economic limits and public approach in the direction of waste management has converted the problem into the worse.

Methods of Waste Management:

The following are the common methods of waste management:

Incineration:

Under this method of waste management, public solid wastes get buried for converting them into heat, residue, steam, ash, and gases. It decreases the amount of solid waste by around 31% of the actual quantity.

Discarding garbage and waste inside the landfills is one of the most known methods of waste management. Under this method, the problems like dangers and odor of the garbage are eradicated. The compost is buried on the locations of the landfill. Today the landfills are also considered as the reason for global warming and that is the reason that numerous nations are thinking again about the use of landfills.

Composting:

Composting is a process of bio-degradation of waste management in which the organic waste i.e., leftovers of floras and pantry waste are transformed into the nourishment for floras. This technique is utilized for organic-agriculture which also increases the productiveness of the soil.

In this method of waste management, the waste items are reprocessed for using again. The waste things are reprocessed for taking out the resources or transforming into energies like heat, electricity, fuel.

Anaerobic Digestion:

Anaerobic digestion is the method of waste management which decays biological materials with the help of organic procedures. It utilizes the germs-free surroundings and oxygen for decaying. Composting needs air to help in the development of bacteria.

Waste Minimization:

It is the simplest way of waste management that helps in creating less amount of waste. The declination of waste can be performed by anybody by decreasing the waste formation and reprocessing and recycling the old resources. The usage of ecological products and decreasing the usage of paper, plastic, etc., is essential. The public contribution has a straight influence on the system of waste management.

Waste to Energy:

Under this procedure of waste management, non-biodegradable wastage is transformed into the sources of energy like fuel, heat, or electricity. All of these are renewable energy sources since the non-biodegradable wastage might be utilized for creating energy repeatedly.

Pyrolysis and Gasification:

These two techniques of waste management are utilized for decomposing the organic leftover materials by divulging it to little quantity of oxygen and elevated the temperature. There is no usage of oxygen in the procedure of pyrolysis and a very small amount of oxygen is utilized in the procedure of gasification.

The organizations that are working for the environment have created numerous methods that deal in waste management. The usage of new innovative technologies for handling and disposing of solid waste also helps in the direction of waste management.

Waste Management is arising as a major problem in almost all countries. In order to have a healthy life and a clean environment, managing of waste materials is very important. Imparting knowledge on waste management is the need of the hour. So, what is meant by waste management?

Waste Management refers to the process of removing waste and this includes each and every processes right from the collection of waste materials, transporting it, treating them and its disposal. Key factors such as increase in population, industrialization, urbanization etc., add to the excess generation of wastes. The percentage of waste generated is high compared to the percentage of disposal. Although waste management is a global issue, the worst affected are the developing countries.

There are different types of waste produced such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, house hold waste, waste from health care centers, organic waste and toxic wastes. These wastes are also in different forms such as solid, liquid and gas. The method of waste management differs according to the type of waste materials.

In modern methods of waste management, importance is given not only to clear waste but to convert them into useful substances.

Some of the common methods of clearing waste are stated below:

i. The most common method of disposing waste is throwing them in landfills which is then buried. This is one of the oldest techniques and this method helps in the removal of bad odor. But many countries are currently reconsidering this method as landfills are found to increase global warming.

ii. Recycling is one of the best method for waste management. In this process, waste materials are recycled and energy resources like fuel, electricity etc., are generated.

iii. Composting is another process where waste materials are turned into useful manures. This method is also called the bio-degradation process where the kitchen waste and remains of plants and trees are again converted into manure for plants. The fertility of soil is improved by this process.

iv. Organic waste materials are decomposed by two methods namely Gasification and Pyrolysis . In the Gasification process of waste management, waste materials are exposed to low amount of oxygen and high temperature and in Pyrolysis method no oxygen is used.

v. Non-recyclable waste materials are also converted into fuel, heat or electricity.

Apart from all the above methods, there is one simple method that can be practiced by everyone to reduce waste. Yes, the best way to reduce waste is to create less waste.

Why Waste Management is Important?

Waste management is very important to preserve the health of living beings and also to create a strong environment for the future generation.

Waste Management helps in reducing pollution and by adapting to efficient waste management techniques, emission of gases like Carbon dioxide and Methane from wastes can be reduced to a large extent.

Waste Management helps in the prevention of contagious diseases .

We saw that recycling is a method of waste management and it has a lot of benefits. When products are recycled, there is no need to produce new products which saves raw materials. The energy consumption will also be much less.

Waste Management is a big industry as it contains various stages and procedures. Human resources are required in large numbers at every stage. Thus waste management as an industry creates several job opportunities . People with less education and skilled labor can also be utilized in high number in this sector.

Waste management is insisted so much because our planet Earth has already started facing the consequences of dumping tons of garbage. The governments and the local civic bodies must create new strategies to reduce waste and should also create awareness among people on the benefits of using eco-friendly products.

Waste management is basically the management of every of the activities that involves waste starting from the collection of waste to the transportation of waste t where it is finally disposed. Waste management is extremely important for the healthy and sound functioning of us humans and our environment. Wastes are generated on an exponential rate when compared with the rate at which we dispose waste. We generate a lot of various types of waste including liquid, gaseous and solid wastes. All the different forms of wastes that are produced undergo a lot of various processes employed in the management of waste. When waste is managed efficiently and effectively, the environment would be healthy and safe for all of us.

Some of the many activities that are involved in the management of waste include transporting, collecting, supervising, handling, discarding and the regulating of the waste and all the other procedures involved in the management of waste. Our environment would be totally unimaginable with wastes everywhere spreading various diseases and causing serious damage to our environment. When the management of waste is done consistently, the many benefits to the environment can be very immense.

Advantages of Waste Management:

1. Waste management helps in keeping the environment very clean:

When we carry out the management of waste, we help in keeping our environment very clean and all of us as persons should do our very best to keep our immediate and non-immediate environment clean in order to achieve the ultimate goal of a clean environment. A unit of waste management collects waste materials and garbage from different places in the public and then transport the collected waste materials and garbage to sites of landfill and other forms of disposal systems and units that are used for its disposal. The different gases and odours that are emitted by the garbage and wastes are removed before the disposal and this makes the entire process result in a very clean environment.

2. Waste management conserves energy:

Recycling is a very important part of waste management. The recycling of all the various products and items helps in the reduction of use of raw materials for the creation of new items and products. Energy conservation also occurs during recycling since the recycling of goods uses less energy than the creation of entirely new goods from raw materials.

3. Waste management helps in the reduction of air pollution:

Global warming and air pollution can be reduced through the help of waste management. The intensity and the levels of gases like methane and carbon dioxide that are emitted and released from waste into the atmosphere are reduced through the help of waste management.

4. Employment opportunities are generated through waste management:

A large quantity of manpower and skill is needed for the various processes involved in waste management. Starting with the collection of the waste to where it is disposed, a lot of job opportunities are created through the management of waste.

5. Waste management encourages sustainability in resources use:

The process and system of the management of waste highly minimises the use of resources and energy. The use and employment of resources in an efficient way is encouraged by the life-cycle concept of waste management.

6. Health: If human beings are exposed to waste, the health of humans can be affected negatively and can result in a lot of diseases and illness. As we all know, activities carried out in the management of waste include waste collection from different landfills and the transportation of waste to places where they can be safely disposed without causing any harm to our health.

7. Waste management helps keep the future generation in mind:

By managing our waste properly we are providing the future generation with a clean environment and a very strong economy.

Disadvantages of Waste Management:

1. Finance:

Waste management on a large can require a lot of man power and technology to be carried out successfully. There is the need for planning and implementation of the many processes and activities involved in the management of waste. Also, a lot of varieties of waste need to managed and there is the need for different methods of waste management for the different types of wastes; this means a higher cost for the management of waste.

2. Health of Workers:

The management of wastes and all of the processes involved can lead to a number of fungal and bacterial infections and diseases on the part of those working in the waste management sector.

Waste management techniques have been in place ever since man learnt to live in communities and settle at one place. However, with the growing population, technologies and urbanisation, we have not been able to upkeep the waste management methods and thus this has created a problem of large dumping of wastes which are a cause of concern as on date.

Waste Management System in India:

Waste management in India depends on the standards of sustainable development, polluter pace and precaution. These standards make the regions and business foundations to act in an earth responsible and a mindful way by re-establishing the ecological balance, their activities in any manner upset it. The expansion in a waste generation as a side-effect of financial advancement has prompted different subordinate enactments for directing the way of transfer and waste management has been made under the Environment Protection Act (EPA) enacted in the year 1986. Explicit types of waste come under different rules and require separate compliances, for the most part in the idea of authorisations, upkeep of records and proper disposable mechanisms.

Waste Generation Statistics in India:

With quick urbanization, the nation is confronting monstrous waste management challenge. More than 377 million urban individuals live in 7,935 towns and urban areas and create 62 million tons of metropolitan strong waste per annum. Just 43 million tons (MT) of the waste is gathered, 11.9 MT is dealt with and 31 MT is dumped in landfill destinations. Strong Waste Management (SWM) is one among the fundamental thing administrations given by city experts in the nation to keep urban focuses clean. However, in a bid to keep the urban areas clean of waste, most of the municipal bodies dump large amounts of waste on the outskirts of the cities. As per specialists, India is following a defective arrangement of waste management and there is a strong need to correct it.

Effective Waste Management:

The way to effective waste management is to guarantee legitimate isolation of waste at source and to guarantee that the waste is recycled as much as possible and recovery of resources is done in a proper manner. In that case, the final waste is quite less and can be dumped at the landfills. Sanitary landfills are definitive methods for transfer for unutilised metropolitan strong waste from the waste of offices and different kinds of inorganic waste that can’t be recycled. However, the transportation of the waste to far away landfill sites is a costly affair.

Report by IIT Kanpur on Waste Management:

A report by IIT Kanpur in the year 2006 found the capability of reuse of at least 15 per cent or 15,000 MT of waste generated each day in the nation. This, the report stated, could likewise give work chances to around 500,000 rag pickers. The report included that in spite of monstrous potential in huge urban areas around there, cooperation from the community is restricted.

Waste Management Processing:

There have been mechanical headway for handling, treatment and transfer of waste in the last few years. Vitality from waste is a critical component of SWM on the grounds that it lessens the volume of waste from transfer likewise helps in changing over the loss into a sustainable power source and natural compost. In a perfect world, it falls in the stream graph after isolation, accumulation, reusing and before getting to the landfill. However, the irony of the situation is that many wastes to energy plants in India are not working to their maximum capacity.

Better Ways Ahead to Waste Management:

Establishment of waste-to-compost and bio-methanation plants would lessen the heap of landfill sites. The biodegradable part of India’s strong waste is at present assessed at a little more than 50 per cent. Bio-methanation is an answer to handling biodegradable waste which likewise remains underexploited. It is trusted that on the off chance that we isolate biodegradable waste from the rest, it could lessen the difficulties considerably. E-waste parts contain poisonous materials and are non-biodegradable which present both word related and ecological wellbeing dangers including harmful smoke from reusing procedures and draining from e-waste in a landfill into neighbourhood water tables.

Around 100 urban communities are set to be created as keen urban areas. Urban bodies need to redraw long-haul vision in strong waste management and modify their methodologies according to evolving ways of life. They ought to re-evaluate waste management techniques in urban communities so we can process waste and not just dump it. To do this, families and organizations must segregate their waste at source so it could be overseen as an asset.

Waste Management Rules in Place:

Bio-restorative waste rules, 1998 recommend that there ought to be a Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) at every 150 kms in the nation. CBWTFs have been set up and are working in urban areas and towns. In any case, the foundation of utilitarian CBWTF all through the nation must be guaranteed. Incorporated basic dangerous waste management offices consolidate anchored landfill sites, cementing/adjustment and burning to treat risky squanders produced by different modern units. They contribute about 97.8 per cent of aggregate landfill waste and 88 per cent of aggregate hazardous waste created in the nation.

We all need to contribute towards effective waste management in our country. The government has also identified some plans to get rid of landfill sites in 20 urban cities. There is no extra land for dumping waste, the current ones are already over utilised. It is accounted for that right around 80 per cent of the waste at Delhi landfill locales could be reused given the fact that community bodies begin enabling rag pickers to segregate waste at source and reuse it. Manure pits ought to be developed in each territory to process natural waste. Network cooperation has an immediate bearing on effective waste management. Recuperation of e-waste is appallingly low, we have to support reusing of e-waste on a substantial scale level with the goal that issue of e-waste disposal is managed. We all must ensure that we segregate all types of waste at source and help the government in the effective disposal and recycle of waste wherever possible. Otherwise, we may not even find aground to serve as a landfill site in the times to come.

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Photo essay: More than a waste management site

A glimpse into the ghazipur landfill where hundreds of informal workers segregate, recycle, and circulate waste back into the economy..

READ THIS ARTICLE IN

I first visited Ghazipur in 2017, and over the years I have witnessed a series of initiatives undertaken to recycle the disproportionate amount of waste produced by the city on a daily basis. In what appears to be a sign of change, the sight of burning garbage has been replaced by giant machines installed by the local municipal corporation to segregate, recycle, repackage, and supply waste back into the economy. Approximately 20 backhoes and excavators and 15 waste separators and sieves (trommels) are kept running through the day; none of these were present during my visit in 2017.

A range of businesses are dependent on the waste that is segregated at the site. This includes plastic, metal, fabric, polythene, glass, as well as various materials that are used to make sanitary tiles, manure, and more.

Every day hundreds of ragpickers toil at the landfill, making a living out of garbage.

Eagles await their turn as the trucks dump the garbage.

Hailing from the town of Mau in Uttar Pradesh, Mr Dubey is employed as a watchman by a private security agency that is contracted to provide personnel to the landfill. Stationed at the very top of the heap, his job is to keep a watch on the recycling set-up.

Kebal Singh works as a truck driver at the landfill, where he has spent the last three decades of his life.

Trommel screens help in waste segregation—they act as sieves and filter out materials of a certain size.

The machines work constantly and undergo significant wear and tear. A team of on-site mechanics and welders are responsible for fixing and maintaining the machines.

The dust suspended in the air is a health hazard. Newly deployed sprinklers spray water droplets into the air so that the dust subsides.

Workers who live on-site take turns to prepare meals for each other.

Many workers at Ghazipur reside in on-site container housing.

• Read about how a self-help group is improving waste management in Udupi, Karnataka.
• Learn about the different kinds of waste and how you can  segregate waste at its source .
• Read the latest  rules released by the central government  for management of different waste streams.

A mountain of sorts stands at the eastern end of Delhi. As you get closer, it becomes apparent that the mountain is a giant heap of garbage known as the […]

Abhishek Singh is a photographer with several years of experience in custom and specialised photography. His work has previously been featured in various magazines worldwide, including LensCulture, Inspired Eye, and Progressive Street. He has also participated in a variety of exhibitions, including Revolve Gallery's Six Feet: Boundaries, Belonging & Becoming and Lalit Kala Akademi's Samanvay.

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"Advocacy Plan on Waste Management in the Construction Industry"

2020, DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/TSEQW | ENRM Articles Personal Journal, University of the Philippines

Environmental Advocates using social media can help in the construction site implementation towards advocacy plan for accuracy and scientific means, which everyone involved in the project, can join and participate in line to advocacy plan. The value of environmental technology, and with the advocacy plan, the author developed that can be used in mitigating climate change through waste management, and even the topic is in the construction industry, this will help not only in Qatar but with the Climate Change happening now relevant to human activities. Furthermore, the ideas of environmental advocacy and the learning process earned will continually propagate in protecting the environment. The advocacy plan whereas the author developed can be used as reference for the next generation, and yet, as one of those environmental advocates, the author will do what needs to be done in helping the context for the next generation, and with the subject concerned gave me an environmental inspiration whereabouts.

Related Papers

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/KV7J6 / Durreesamin Journal (ISSN: 2204-9827) December Vol 4 Issue 3, Year 2018

Ronald Gomeseria, PhD

This article paper has been published through Durreesamin Journal as a series of my Environmental Advocacy & Conservation Personal Journal & Reflections compositions for the subject course at the University of the Philippines. The construction is one of the most intensive industrial practices and businesses in the world, and that is true, and I do have no arguments in such a way that Construction within the community is a must for country’s socio-cultural development, economic aspects, and market values.

Lavinia Melilla

Dr. Abdul-Sattar Nizami , Dr Mohammad Rehan

The Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) consistently rank among the top 10% of per capita waste producers in the world. Collectively around 120 million tons of waste is produced annually in GCC; 55% construction and demolition (C&D) waste, 20% municipal solid waste (MSW), 18% industrial waste, and 7% hazardous waste. Like other GCC nations, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) generates massive amounts of MSW, C&D waste, and industrial waste. This study aims to examine 81 construction companies in the Eastern Province of KSA to determine which factors critically affect the sustainable management of C&D waste in the country. Only 39.5% of the companies studied had a pollution control plan for their projects. It was also found that only 13.6% of C&D waste is recycled and reused every year, whereas the remaining 86.4% C&D waste eventually goes to the landfills. Most of the C&D waste in the country is a promising source of potential recyclable construction materials such as gravel from debris, metals, and sand. This would not only fulfill the requirements of gravel and metal production of the KSA but also solve the waste disposal issues along with generating huge economic benefits. However, to accomplish the goal of sustainable construction waste management, it is critical to underline the various factors that might impact the construction waste management practices in the country. Keywords Construction and demolition (C&D) waste · Municipal solid waste (MSW) · Waste recycling · Landfill sites · Sustainable construction material

2012 UBT International Conference

Krenare Shkodra

Waste and Biomass Valorization

Yumna Sadef

Amna Shibeika

In 2016, 9.68 million tons of solid waste were generated in Abu Dhabi alone where 67.8% was sent to dumpsites and landfills. In the same year, the construction and demolishing (C&D) industry produced 47% of the non-hazardous waste. This research aims to investigate the C&D waste management in UAE’s construction industry, specifically in Abu Dhabi based on (a) official resources identifying authorized entities, regulations, implementation guidelines, and causes behind waste generation in UAE’ C&D industry; and (b) unstructured interviews with construction professionals in Abu Dhabi revealing the waste management consideration process, enhancement methods, professionals’ responsibilities and views toward the topic. While Abu Dhabi’s sustainability framework (Estidama) requires a submittal of C&D Waste Management Plan (CDWMP) prior to any construction activity asking for a minimum of 30% waste diversion from landfills, relevant literature highlighted awareness as an effective factor in...

QUEST JOURNALS

This is as part of my research which aims at contributing to 'Sustainable smart city design in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on nationwide survey on peoples' awareness from waste management perspective to achieve the KSA's Mission 2030 focused on developing and implementing technologies by collaborating with Japan in the areas of technologies to give exponential results with the KSA's efforts. Specially that the KSA is the geographically largest country in the Middle East and becomes opportunity for many foreigners in the areas of Petroleum and natural gas, heath care, banking, information technology, media (print & electronic) with certain reservations, real estate, housing, and education etc. According to Kte'pi, Bill (2008), KSA accounts for 65% of the overall population and 42% of GDP of the GCC countries. KSA does not have robust environmental policies. KSA is strong in terms of growth of population, industrialization, and literacy rate to meet the human resource needs of industrial growth and economy, but recently the environmental issues become real challenge to KSA. Urbanization and attitude of people to live in high standards become a cause for pollution of land, water, and air. De-farming and excessive utilization of natural resources are caused deforestation and desertification. This paper is focused on addressing waste management in KSA to contribute better environment and helps in making KSA a happy place to live and to achieve the KSA's Mission 2030 to realize a sustainable way of developing and implementing technologies by collaborating with Japan in the areas of technologies to give exponential results with the efforts made in this area by KSA.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Christina Scott-Young

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/DX63W | Atlantic International University / CEAI ViewPoint Journal Publication

An earlier article published, "Environmental Possibilism," (ViewPoint Journal, March 2018), identified that, "Pollution of the Environment is one of the biggest hazards ever experienced, which human beings are facing today due to the Environmental Possibilism theory happening in every country and that affects human-cultural ecology and contributes to the global climate change." However, that addressed the ecological aspect of what could be from the oil and gas perspective, the airborne pollution from natural, commercial, and industrial sources. The economic growth of some countries resulted in what can now be termed as irresponsible development since it resulted in environmental pollution-as a result of increased production of waste and rapid urbanization including construction industries that contribute to particulate emissions and pollutions in the environmental ecology and affect human health. Furthermore, one of the concepts of Environmental Possibilism-the pollution (Air, Dust, Waste, Noise, Water, and Light Pollutions) from the construction built-up areas are dealt with in this paper together with the cause and effect matrix with a case study based on the construction industry experiences have been shared hereof. Moreover, the environmental infrastructure landscape development has continued from then and up to the present that tremendously changed the country's image into a progressive and developed nation within the GCC region, perhaps, pollutions have been experiencing 24/7, but then again, and once the construction is finished, this will serve with positive output at the end that will benefit the concerned citizens sustainably. Adopting all the latest technology being used strategically within the infrastructure and building built environment has made them unique resulting to positive outcome from all the funds and initiatives brought by the Qatar Emir for their landscape vision in spite of environmental pollution, and therefore, improving quality of life, and the quality of the environment in sustaining the needs of the citizens sustainably.

Civil and environmental research

LILIAN NWACHUKWU

Construction material waste has both environmental and cost performance consequences. In this period of global economic recession and environmental awareness, it has become necessary to adopt effective waste reduction strategies in order to reduce the cost of construction projects as well as produce environmental friendly projects. The aim of the study is to identify the effective waste reduction methods in building construction sites so that developers and construction professionals can key into the different methods in order to bring about qualitative project delivery and enhanced sustainable development. Reviewing some literatures related to the topic, the study identified the sources of construction wastes, the implications of wastes and ways of controlling them. The review equally revealed that consciousness of the implication of waste is very little appreciated considering the fact that the level of environmental awareness and willingness to pursue the goal of sustainability i...

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Values Proposition

Failure is an option: We already know the outcome of global plastic waste negotiations

Delegates at the final U.N. meeting in November will likely fail to produce a binding international treaty that will reverse the growing trend of plastic pollution.

By Terry F. Yosie

June 3, 2024

Source: Shutterstock/ chaiyapruek youprasert

Delegates negotiating an international plastic waste treaty recently completed their fourth negotiating session in Ottawa, Canada, and have scheduled their fifth and final meeting for November in Busan, South Korea. Their goal is to achieve a legally binding international treaty to curb plastics pollution, including the marine environment. They are a long, long way from that goal.  

Four statistics tell the story of the need for and the obstacles of drafting an international treaty:

• Over 11 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the ocean each year from land-based sources alone and are expected to rise to 29 million metric tons per year by 2040.
• Less than 10 percent of plastic is recycled, and 32 percent of plastic packaging is not captured in collection systems . 
• Plastics production is mushrooming. In the U.S. Gulf Coast region alone, 10 new plastics production plants and 17 expansion projects are planned over the next five years .  
• A global plastics market that reached $712 billion in 2023 is expected to exceed $1 trillion in value 10 years later, according to data management firm Statista .

Advocates of an ambitious treaty have a plan

Environmental advocates, including the Ocean Conservancy, have proposed an eight-point plan to address plastics in the ocean. Their proposals include establishing a national reduction target for single-use plastics; requiring extended producer responsibility (EPR) for packaging at the national level; assessing the environmental impacts and social costs of plastics pollution across the lifecycle; reducing levels of microplastics to protect human health; and mitigating climate change and environmental justice harms by curbing plastics pollution. 

“High ambition” countries from the European Union and Japan echo the need for plastics production limits, as does the Business Coalition for a Global Plastics Treaty, a coalition of over 200 companies including Unilever and Walmart.

Opponents of an ambitious treaty have greater leverage

Despite the advocacy of non-governmental organizations, individual nations or companies, the power to shape the treaty’s final outcome will rest upon three factors. First is the ruling of the United Nations Environment Programme, the official convener of the negotiations, that decisions are to be made by a consensus of the participating nations, not by the majority. This inherently strengthens the negotiating leverage of those in favor of a minimalist treaty rather than “high ambition” countries or companies that endorse EPR or mandatory recycling goals.

Second is the significant influence wielded by private-sector fossil fuel and petrochemical producers and their state enterprise allies in the Middle East, China, Russia and other nations. The enormity of their capital investments and anticipated market growth, and associated revenues and job opportunities during the next decade and beyond, have persuaded many developing country delegates that a final treaty should embody more minimalist obligations that include expanded infrastructure for waste collection and management and provisions that encourage enhanced recycling in a manner that doesn’t significantly increase business costs.

Third, is the resistance of the United States to require limits on plastics production. The U.S. State Department on April 30 decried “overly prescriptive approaches” that could discourage “major producers or consumers of plastics” from signing on to a final agreement. Instead, the U.S. is focused on strengthening recycling and reuse practices rather than production limits. 

Treaty results

The road to a final treaty in Busan, South Korea will be paved with bracketed text, furious lobbying, and outcomes frustrating to both sides. Delegates will likely fail to produce a legally binding international treaty that will reverse the growing trend of plastic pollution. Like the 1997 Kyoto Protocol that slowed but did not stem the increase in greenhouse gases, an agreement in Busan will contribute to slowing the rate of accumulating plastic wastes but will not solve the burgeoning problem.

Delegates will agree on language to institute plastic waste infrastructure upgrades that manage risks by better enabling both municipalities and nations to collect municipal and industrial sources of waste. They will also commit to enhance recycling through the use of chemical or mechanical technologies or their more advanced versions. The petrochemical industry, in particular, is enamored with this alternative and is making investments for its expansion. Third, there will be a modest win in establishing a mechanism for financing and capacity building in plastic-waste-management systems to facilitate collection, recycling and reuse of plastic materials. Efforts to require limits on single-use plastics face an uphill battle.

A large contingent of senior business executives migrated to Ottawa to advance their treaty agenda. In the words of Braskem (a polyethylene maker) executive vice president Mark Nikolich , “If we have this agreement…it gives us direction, it gives us some certainty of path in the future.”  

Given the limited treaty outcomes, certainty is unlikely to be delivered. Treaty delegates and their stakeholders should, instead, view these negotiations as Phase 1 of an extended series of treaty protocols over the next several decades. Between 2025 and 2040, likely scenarios include vast new volumes of plastic wastes, accelerating pressures on brands and consumers to alter their use of plastics, public/private sector investments in newer technologies (e.g., hydrogen, modular nuclear energy) that decouple the dependence of plastics production from hydrocarbon fuels, and more explicit interdependencies between climate mitigation policies and plastics manufacturing.  

This round of treaty negotiations will likely “fail” to resolve the fundamental challenges of the current plastic waste problem. But failure can be a time-limited concept, and neither technology, business strategy, public policy nor consumer behavior are likely to remain static.

Terry F. Yosie has held senior leadership positions at the U.S. EPA and in the chemical and petroleum industries and, most recently, he served as president and CEO of the non-advocacy World Environment Center for 12 years. 

[Learn how companies are navigating the fast changing sustainability agenda and driving more impact with Trellis Network .]

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635th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment

635-й зенитно-ракетный полк

Military Unit: 86646

Activated 1953 in Stepanshchino, Moscow Oblast - initially as the 1945th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment for Special Use and from 1955 as the 635th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment for Special Use.

1953 to 1984 equipped with 60 S-25 (SA-1) launchers:

• Launch area: 55 15 43N, 38 32 13E (US designation: Moscow SAM site E14-1)
• Support area: 55 16 50N, 38 32 28E
• Guidance area: 55 16 31N, 38 30 38E

1984 converted to the S-300PT (SA-10) with three independent battalions:

• 1st independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (Bessonovo, Moscow Oblast) - 55 09 34N, 38 22 26E
• 2nd independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion and HQ (Stepanshchino, Moscow Oblast) - 55 15 31N, 38 32 23E
• 3rd independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (Shcherbovo, Moscow Oblast) - 55 22 32N, 38 43 33E

Disbanded 1.5.98.

Subordination:

• 1st Special Air Defence Corps , 1953 - 1.6.88
• 86th Air Defence Division , 1.6.88 - 1.10.94
• 86th Air Defence Brigade , 1.10.94 - 1.10.95
• 86th Air Defence Division , 1.10.95 - 1.5.98