essay about hotel review

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How to Write Hotel Reviews

Last Updated: May 13, 2024

This article was co-authored by Marissa Levis . Marissa Levis is an English Teacher in the Morris County Vocational School District. She previously worked as an English director at a tutoring center that caters to students in elementary and middle school. She is an expert in creating a curriculum that helps students advance their skills in secondary-level English, focusing on MLA formatting, reading comprehension, writing skills, editing and proofreading, literary analysis, standardized test preparation, and journalism topics. Marissa received her Master of Arts in Teaching from Fairleigh Dickinson University. This article has been viewed 191,997 times.

Based on your trip experience, you may want to praise or tear apart the hotel location where you stayed. Knowing how to write hotel reviews will help you give an unbiased consumer opinion that may help others make well-informed travel decisions in regards to their lodging accommodations.

Step 1 Choose a review site such as TripAdvisor, TravBuddy or TravelPost.

Give advice to the travelers such as providing details that you wish you would have known before you went on the trip.
Give information about the property that can't be found on the website. Tell if there are a restaurant or two right next door, so meals were relatively inexpensive, or share that it was in a secluded location and you could only eat at the expensive hotel restaurant.

Expert Q&A

Try to answer in the review what you would do differently if you were to stay at that hotel again. Tell if you would ask for a room far from the indoor pool because the noise was too loud at night, or share that you would have remembered to bring your own shampoo because the establishment doesn't supply those amenities to help keep their costs down for the guests. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you’d like to learn more about writing, check out our in-depth interview with Marissa Levis .

↑ https://www.villapalmarcancun.com/blog/news/how-to-write-a-hotel-review
↑ https://lifehacker.com/how-to-write-genuinely-useful-reviews-online-5885607

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How To Write A Review About A Hotel, Tour, Or Trip You’ve Taken

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We bet that when you choose a hotel to stay in, even for a few days, you automatically open the reviews section to make sure the place is sound.

Online reviews are beneficial for travelers and property owners as well. Tourists get information that helps them in the decision-making process. Owners can understand what they do well and what they have to improve. By writing a good review after your trip or tour, you would support other tourists. If you are not sure whether you can write a good review in English, apply for a professional writing service . Skilled writers would gladly edit or write for you any text from scratch for an affordable price.

If you need some ultimate advice on writing a good review about a hotel or a trip, read the text below.

Summarize clearly

Keep your review informative and laconic. Consider that you are not sharing your impressions but giving facts and arguments. Each point you enclose must be approved. Do not be too dramatic or emotional even if there was something terrible in terms of the trip. When you write a review, you need to stay detached and summarize the essentials. Your review must help people understand if it is worth attending the same trip or staying at the same hotel.

Share useful hacks

Try to give your audience valuable details from your experience. For example, if you experienced excellent service from a particular person, provide his or her name. If you know a great coffee place or restaurant nearby, you can share the name and address, etc. Share the positive experiences as well as the negative ones to be objective.

Add photos you took

By enclosing good quality pictures you made with your smartphone or professional camera, you would make your review sufficiently brighter. Let people understand your points better by highlighting the main peculiarities of the location or experience with good pictures. The general rule for images you select for a review is to keep them detailed. For example, people would not be interested in your selfies; you had better show them the architecture and interiors of the hotel.

Do not hesitate to review

You should do your best to write the review quickly; at least you can start by recalling all the trip details. Moreover, people are likely to read about someone’s recent experiences rather than about something that happened years ago. Besides, the modern world changes super-fast. And the information you provide about a location or a hotel might be subject to change as well. If you want to make a review valuable and meaningful, we recommend proceeding with writing immediately during the trip by taking notes.

Edit your text

If you want your review to be accurate and valuable, take care of spelling, grammar, and punctuation. You would require reading the text at least once and take away repeated words, mistypes, etc. It would help if you used some of the online tools that help with grammar and punctuation proofreading.

We hope this advice is helpful. We wish you good luck!

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8 Tips for Writing Hotel Reviews that Editors Want

Posted March 20th, 2020 by Margot Bigg & filed under Travel Writing .

Writing hotel reviews isn’t as straightforward as it might seem. While it’s easy to write a few words about what you do and don’t like about a place, professional reviews require you to go a lot deeper, while keeping the prose engaging and fresh. Whether you’re new to hotel reviewing or just looking to refine your writing, consider these eight tips for writing a hotel review that will sparkle.

1. Read reviews and talk to guests.

Writing a hotel review is a service to potential visitors, and your experience staying at a property is one of many. It’s a great idea to read online consumer reviews about the hotel you’re writing about as well as talk to guests while you’re there. Other people may notice things that you haven’t, and taking others’ experiences and opinions into consideration will help you pen a well-rounded piece.

2. Watch your language.

If your hotel review sounds like a PR speech, your readers are going to have a hard time trusting you. Avoid using flowery prose or terminology that sounds like it came straight from a brochure. Instead, speak to your readers the way you would to a friend. On the same token, try more casual terms (think “room service” instead of “in-room dining”).

3. Answer the question: Why should I stay here?

If you’ve gone through the trouble to write a hotel review and a website or publication has gone through the trouble to publish it, chances are you think it’s worth staying in. Your readers will want to know why. Is there something standout about the rooms? Is the location fantastic? Is the free breakfast buffet an attraction unto itself? Let your readers know!

4. Don’t leave out the facilities.

Hotels are more than just blocks of rooms, and it’s important to highlight the facilities. While you might not be much of a gym rat, some of your readers will be, so at least have a look to see if the gym is more than a couple of old kettlebells and a broken elliptical in the basement. While you might be a vacationer, many people use reviews to find properties for events and meetings: find out about that wedding chapel and meeting rooms. And don’t forget to try the food! Meal options can really make or break some guests’ hotel experiences.

5. Create a scene.

Part of being a good reviewer is helping your readers picture themselves in the hotel you’re reviewing. Use your five senses, describing and evoking the scents, sounds, and sights of the hotel. Are the windows kept open, allowing a breeze to come in? Are most guests wearing suits and huddled around laptops? Is the smell of coffee permeating the air? Is there music piped in, or maybe someone playing a piano? Show us, your readers, the whole picture.

6. Tell us something we don’t know.

While it’s pretty easy to garner a basic idea about a hotel by simply spending a few minutes on its website, the real gems usually come from people who have already stayed in the property. Go beyond the facts and tell your readers something special about the hotel. Maybe it’s housed in a converted farmhouse or perhaps there’s a trusty hotel pet that greets guests in the lobby. Use anecdotes to engage your readers.

7. Tell us about the area around the hotel.

Don’t forget to tell readers about the area around the hotel. Basic location info is good (for example, if the property is near the airport, guests will want to know). Additionally, remember to also show your readers what to expect of the neighborhood. Is it quiet or lively? Walkable? Safe?

8. Don’t be afraid of your voice.

Finally, don’t be afraid to use your voice. While you’ll want to follow the basic conventions of your publication, it’s great to let your own unique voice shine through. It will breathe life into your piece and make it more fun to read.

Blue Hotel and Resort Review Essay

Introduction.

The name of this business is Blue Hotel and Resort. The business is hotel-based but targets local and international tourists who are coming into the country all year round. The business will mostly be aimed at taking advantage and promoting local tourism, which has not been very much exploited because investors and the government have been concentrating on international tourists.

Type of Business

The business will be a partnership because it requires a large amount of capital which will be contributed by the partners. Investors will be included as partial owners of the business. A large amount of capital will be used to rent business premises at different localities and towns suited for local and international tourists’ attraction sites across the country, development of these apartments to suit the requirements and standards, and equipping of these hotels with necessities to carry out the business. The business will start by managing at least ten hotels at different places best-considered tourists sites across the country. Plans will include buying land and building hotel apartments to be owned by the hotel. This will enable a shift from rental to individually owned apartments.

Services and Products

The hotel will take care of all or most of the tourist’s needs while in the apartment and will provide food, beverages, snacks, and drinks for sale. Different services will include entertainment, gym, and sanitary services. The business services will include room rental services for local and international tourists taking long-term or short-term holidays. Transport services for both goods and people will also be available through business-owned vehicles. In addition, informational systems such as the internet will be made available to the tourists once in the apartments to connect with their businesses and families. All these services will be paid for separately according to the usage by the individual. Tourists shall also be assisted to access various services such as those offered by the government officials and goods according to their requests for the necessary possible arrangements. The business services and products will thus be made as affordable and known to the locals as possible as compared to the competitors’. In addition, the products and services will be modified over time to suit the locals as well as ensure a diversity of products and services to suit the international tourists.

Role of Accounting and the accounting staff

The role of accounting in this business is important since it will ensure that careful planning of the available investment funds is possible. Careful planning will ensure that the business not only achieves its goals and objectives but that these goals and objectives are practically aligned to the excelling of the business through the making of profits. Accounting will ensure that funds are allocated in the most optimal way to gain optimal profits and reduce and eliminate chances of incurring losses through the reduction and management of risks involved in the hotel business.

Transparency of any business is important and therefore accounting will ensure that financial account details are prepared and reported to the business owners to take appropriate action relating to the actual financial position of the business.

Accounting staff needs to be people who are competent enough in the accounting field to understand and implement practical accounting methods in the hotel business. Experience in the field would also be desirable to speed the process and cut on cost, minimize chances of errors, and have confidence. Practitioners will also be required to be of high professional and personal integrity as well as knowledgeable in internal control techniques (Internal Controls, n.d.).

Budgeting, internal controls and management, and work characteristics for the business staff

Any person entering a business should have a professional level of budgeting, internal controls, and cash management before entering business since the excellence of any business will partly be determined by these components. Professional budgeting and cash management will ensure that the businessman allocates properly the available resources to various components of the business to maximize profits while minimizing the expenses. Internal control systems are important in mitigating against risks, threats, and vulnerability of the business, and managers need to be aware of the systems that are important in safeguarding the business assets against losses, compliance with the laws, recording and accounting of revenues and expenditures, and maintenance of the accounting records among other issues (Internal Controls, n.d.). In addition to making sure that the staff are competent, supportive attitudes by managers towards the internal controls, identification of the logical and applicable and reasonable control objectives and adoption of effective and efficient control techniques, there will be clear documentation of all events and activities in accounting and transactions, separation of duties of staff and access and accountability to resources in the business (Internal Controls, n.d.). Investment in the hotel industry would be expected to face such risks like fear for domestic and international terrorism, which means that security for the people is important. The hotel shall invest in intelligent services up to capability or work with the government to minimize risks related to security. Managers will review financial information provided by the accounting staff and use it to estimate future results of current investment plans as well as make appropriate adjustments, make future investment decisions in the growing sectors of the business, estimate future financial positions as well as control excessive expenditure. Accounting will ensure the identification of challenges to achieving the goals and objectives and making sure that the organization’s funds are properly allocated to counter these challenges.

References and bibliography

Bizzer. (1998). “Understanding Financial Statements”.
FASAB. “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”.
Internal Controls . Web.
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IvyPanda. (2022, March 11). Blue Hotel and Resort Review. https://ivypanda.com/essays/blue-hotel-and-resort-review/

"Blue Hotel and Resort Review." IvyPanda , 11 Mar. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/blue-hotel-and-resort-review/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Blue Hotel and Resort Review'. 11 March.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Blue Hotel and Resort Review." March 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/blue-hotel-and-resort-review/.

1. IvyPanda . "Blue Hotel and Resort Review." March 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/blue-hotel-and-resort-review/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Blue Hotel and Resort Review." March 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/blue-hotel-and-resort-review/.

How to Keep Writing Tasks Real: Hotel Reviews

Alastair Lane is co-author of International Express Elementary and Intermediate levels, the all-new, five-level course for adult professionals, publishing in January 2014. International Express includes plenty of coverage of the hotel and travel industry. Here, Alastair shows how you can bring the subject alive with a real-life writing task.

“To whom it may concern. I am extremely unhappy with the service I received at your hotel during the week of 1 September to 7 September 2013.”

Those were the days. When customers received bad service, the typewriter would be out in a flash and our disgruntled customer would be bashing the keys in fury. However, today the idea of a letter of complaint is so old-fashioned that we might as well be teaching our students how to write a telegram.

Things are different now. If you go to a hotel or a youth hostel and the service is bad, when you get home you have a chance to complain to the whole world. You might put a negative review on Trip Advisor . Alternatively, if you booked it through a website like Booking.com , you will be invited to place your review on the site.

This is the kind of task people are doing in real life, and it’s the kind of writing task that we should be using in the classroom. We can ask the class to write a review of a hotel that they have stayed at, a fictional hotel, or a review of a hotel that they can see online. Students immediately see the purpose of the task because it replicates something they would naturally do in L1.

Writing a hotel review can work at any level from Elementary upwards, because online reviews can be as short as a single sentence.

Students can go straight to the Internet to find real-life model texts. Sites like Booking.com are particularly good for this. Firstly, they provide an automatic model for writing because users are asked to complete two sections: one for good points and one for bad points. That helps lower-level students organize their texts.

Secondly, users can filter the results to read reviews from people like themselves. If you have an older class, you can look at reviews posted by ‘families with older children’ or younger students can look at reviews by ‘groups of friends’.

When writing an online hotel review, students can write a fifty-word text and it still looks as real as any other entry on the sites. Students don’t have the sense that the task has been artificially simplified to match their language level.

A writing task of this nature also allows you to practice reading skills. Students can exchange their reviews, without the number of stars. The next student or pair has to decide whether the review is a one-star or five-star one. After all, we also want to practice praising the hotel in addition to the language of complaint.

With higher level students, you can ask them to write the review as if they are a particular group of travellers e.g. ‘mature couple’, ‘solo traveller’, ‘business traveller’. They then have to pass their text to the next student or pair. Once again, the next students have to guess which type of traveller wrote the review. This is a particularly good way of reviewing the language of facilities, as a business traveller will have very different needs to a 21 year-old travelling alone.

The short nature of writing online and the fact that users tend to write for an international audience in English provides a huge number of opportunities for the classroom. So let’s forget artificial tasks like the letter of complaint and start replicating what students are actually doing out in the real world.

Alastair Lane has over seventeen years’ experience in English language teaching. Currently based in Barcelona, he has also taught in Finland, Germany, Switzerland and the UK. Alastair is co-author of International Express Elementary and Intermediate levels, part of the five-level course publishing in January 2014.

30+ Hotel Review Examples to Copy & Paste

11 . Unlike some of the posts I’ve read in other places, I found the ( HN ) to be clean, inviting and downright classic! The staff was very friendly and consistently making sure I was comfortable. I will definitely stay there when I come back!

12 . The staff at the ( HN ) in downtown ( L ) were fantastic. Great attitude. Helpful, and always available. The bed was super comfy. I will always stay at this location when traveling to or through ( L ).

13 . Everything was great at this hotel.. amazing staff that is friendly and makes customers feel welcome.

14 . The staff was the nicest staff I have ever encountered at a hotel. They were always friendly and asked how our stay was going every time we walked in the door. They also were able to recommend places to get any type of meal that we needed as well.

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15 . We went to the rooftop bar and had an amazing time. The atmosphere and service were great. Definitely a must do if you are looking for a good time.

16 . Hotel exceeded my expectations was spotless the staff was amazing and the most comfortable bed I have ever slept in.

17 . Lovely hotel with a wonderful restaurant. Very friendly staff. Hotel is full of great art. Just a charming place.

18 . Love the charm of this hotel. Does not give you the routine chain hotel vibe at all. While I did not get there in time to eat at restaurant, have heard amazing reviews on the restaurant.

19 . Every just melt into a bed? It was so amazing! The staff was so friendly. I’ll be back in a month!

20 . The bed was extremely comfortable. The room was spacious and clean. The vintage aesthetics were awesome. Wish we weren’t just passing through!

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ASIA , HOTEL REVIEWS , MALAYSIA , TRAVEL · January 22, 2020 Last Updated on March 14, 2024

TEA, STRAWBERRIES AND STEAMBOATS AT THE CAMERON HIGHLANDS RESORT

This post may contain affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. We may receive a small commission when you make a purchase using our link.

The Cameron Highlands is an easy 3 hour bus journey from Kuala Lumpur. Known for its beautiful rolling hills, cooler temperatures, and wonderful tea plantations, the Cameron Highlands is a wonderful change of pace from Kuala Lumpur.

When I started researching hotels to stay at during my trip, I quickly realised that the Cameron Highlands Resort was easily the best hotel option. I’m excited to share some of the things that made my stay at the Cameron Highlands Resort so memorable!

The Cameron Highlands Resort is steeped in history and fully embraces the feel of the Cameron Highlands. Built as an extension from a 1930’s cottage, the resort has a very unique colonial feel, with some of the architecture dating all the way back to 1070!

The hotel feels like you are in a very luxurious yet welcoming colonial home, complete with a shared fireplace (where you can enjoy a fire lighting ceremony if it is a special occasion), wood flooring, and beautiful white shutters.

Each of the Resort’s 56 rooms and suites perfectly captures the colonial yet comfortable feel shown in the lobby.

I stayed in a Deluxe room, which is perfect for a couple with its king sized four-poster bed, spacious seating area, and private balcony overlooking the neighbouring golf course (note all rooms have a balcony).

I was so content to make a cup of tea, which was provided in the room, and sit on the balcony reading my book. It was truly an escape from the hustle and bustle of Kuala Lumpur , and was such a relaxing experience to simply breathe in the cool mountain air while looking at the rolling hills in the distance.

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Cameron Highlands Activities

If you want a more active experience, the Cameron Highlands Resort has you covered as well. They can help organise all sorts of tours and fun things to do around the Cameron Highlands .

Jim Thompson Mystery Trail

The Resort organises complimentary walking trail tours, where an experienced resident naturalist explains all about the plants, animals, and extensive history of the area. I did the “ Jim Thompson Mystery Trail ” on my first morning, which was a leisurely 45 minute beginner hike through the jungle with our amazing guide Madi.

During our walk Madi made sure to point out several interesting facts, including background information on Jim Thompson who the walk was named after.

Boh Tea Plantation

The next day we were treated to a half day tour with Madi. This tour explored farther from the hotel and included a visit to the Boh tea plantation .

The tea plantation is absolutely massive and includes a look into how the tea is made, from growing, to refining, to drinking. There is a great little restaurant on a balcony overlooking the tea fields, and Madi expertly showed us some of the lesser known vantage points to take some incredible pictures from!

Strawberry Farm and Temples

The rest of our day included a visit to a strawberry farm, where we were given a pair of scissors and a basket to go and pick our own strawberries. These were some of the best tasting strawberries I’ve ever had, straight from the vine!

Finally, we also visited Sam Poh Temple, which is the oldest Buddhist temple in the area. Madi was providing funny stories throughout the entire tour, making the day even more enjoyable!

And if that doesn’t fill your time in the highlands read my post 12 Things To Do In The Cameron Highlands .

The Spa At The Cameron Highlands Resort

After a long day of sightseeing, one of my favourite things to do is relax in the spa. As you would expect from a luxury hotel, the Spa Village at the Cameron Highlands Resort was one of a kind!

I was treated to a “Fresh Strawberry Escapade” experience in their Spa Village, which was truly one of the most unique spa treatments I’ve ever had.

Strawberries are extremely important in the Cameron Highlands, with countless strawberry farms and products, so this “Escapade” involved a tea and strawberry bath, a 1 hour massage, and strawberry scrub wrap which soothes inflammation and softens the skin.

Seriously, if you have never had a relaxing massage and then been covered in strawberries you need to experience it at least once in your life!

The Spa Village offers a wide range of other treatments as well. From traditional massages, to rose petal facials, to other amazing experiences offered only at the Cameron Highlands Resort (like a Chrysanthemum & Avocado Escape or a “Cameron’s Mint” treatment), the Spa Village is the perfect way to relax after a long day with plenty of indoor and outdoor seating areas to chill out.

The Cameron Highlands Resort has a good number of in-house dining options , each with its own character matching its unique location.

I started my day each morning with breakfast at the traditional Dining Room restaurant, which offered a combination of made to order dishes and a self-served buffet. The dining room overlooked the neighbouring golf course and mountains in the distance, and was the perfect setting to plan out my day.

I also had dinner one night in the Dining Room, which transforms into a smart casual restaurant with an excellent selection of colonial, western, and local foods.

Each day the culinary team would go out and get the freshest ingredients, and this attention to detail really pays off because the food was all excellent. Be sure to save room for dessert, because there were some delicious choices, and as we all know calories don’t count on vacation!

Afternoon Tea

Afternoon tea is another important part of the Cameron Highlands, and the Cameron Highlands Resort organised a perfect one in their Jim Thompson Tea Room. The beautifully furnished Tea Room offers a place to sit and relax while enjoying a wide range of pastries, sandwiches, and strawberries with your cup of tea.

This experience reminded me of being back in England, and I really felt miles away from the heat and craziness of the city. A delicious lunch is also served daily in the same Tea Room, which is a perfect spot to kick back and relax while having some traditional dishes.

Steamboat Dinner

Finally, no Cameron Highlands trip is complete without a proper “Steamboat” dinner experience. Luckily you will not have to venture far to find the best Steamboat in the Cameron Highlands, because the Resort has one in their very own “Gonbei” restaurant.

For the unacquainted, a Steamboat dinner involves a pot of boiling soup with different flavors, where you cook your meat and vegetables yourself tableside.

Situated near the guest rooms in the back of the hotel, Gonbei is a half outdoor seating area which lets you fully appreciate the cool night air while eating your meal.

The manager of the restaurant was exceptionally nice, making recommendations on the best combinations of food and explaining how the process worked, from picking our boiling base to adding the right amount of meat and vegetables.

It’s difficult for me to pick my best meal at the Cameron Highlands Resort , but I would have to lean towards Gonbei because the food was not only incredible, but the entire experience was so much fun and memorable!

The Cameron Highlands Resort is the premier resort in the Cameron Highlands, and after my stay, it is easy to see why they have earned their stellar reputation. The setting and amenities are beautiful, the food is outstanding, the activities very well organised, and the customer service is always fast and friendly.

Next time you find yourself in Malaysia, make sure to take a trip to the Cameron Highlands and experience the Cameron Highlands Resort firsthand!

I hope that this article has inspired you to visit the Cameron Highlands and stay at the Cameron Highlands Resort. If you have any questions or comments please share in the comments below.

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I was welcomed as a guest at the Cameron Highlands Resort. As always all opinions are my own and reflect my genuine opinion of my stay at the resort. Please see my Disclosures for more information.

You’ll Also Love

Vanessa Rivers says

January 23, 2017 at 3:41 am

Another great post! This place loos like a must visit!

Becky van Dijk says

January 23, 2017 at 8:19 pm

Thanks Vanessa! The hotel was absolutely beautiful, and best part was I got to have a traditional afternoon tea and eat strawberries and cream every day!

[…] relatively basic with a few upscale guest houses to choose from. By far the most luxurious is the Cameron Highlands Resort which offers its guests a true English countryside feel, with a roaring fireplace, snug leather […]

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Hotel reviews

Writing Skills

Vocabulary - accommodation

LESSON OVERVIEW

The main objectives of this lesson are to:

expand vocabulary related to accommodation;
discuss the pros and cons of different types of places to stay;
practise writing skills.

With this lesson, students read different accommodation reviews, learn and practise vocabulary related to hotel reviews, talk about their preferences when choosing a place to stay, watch a video of a hostel review and write their own online review of a place they stayed in.

WARM-UP AND VOCABULARY

The lesson starts with a warm-up in which students watch a short ad for a hotel and discuss whether they would stay there. Afterwards, they look at some images and choose one type of accommodation to talk about its pros and cons. Then, students read some reviews and match them to the pictures ( a hotel, a hostel, a B&B, and a guesthouse ). After that, students use the phrases from the reviews to complete some notes about vocabulary related to accommodation (e.g. types of accommodation , facilities/amenities , etc.). Next, students choose what they find more important among the options in the task (e.g. free Netflix or a balcony, a shared kitchen or parking , etc.).

VIDEO AND DISCUSSION

Before watching the video, students complete the statements about hotel reviews with their ideas. Then, they watch the first part of the video of a hostel review and discuss whether they would like to stay there. Next, they watch the second part of the video and write down three things about the hostel. After that, students discuss questions about the relevance of reviews and share their personal experiences . Next, they complete parts of some reviews using words from the lesson and decide which ones are generally positive and negative . Then, students practise more vocabulary related to accommodation and complete some sentences with their own ideas. Finally, they write a review of the type of accommodation they have stayed in.

HOMEWORK/REVISION

This lesson includes an additional task that teachers can use as homework or revision. In the task, students put the words in the correct sentences and choose the pictures that show the accommodation described in the review. You can print it and hand it out to your students. It’s also included in the e-lesson plan.

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In this lesson, students dive into the world of self-expression, watch an ad for a trading website and practise stative and active verbs. They also talk about their preferences and use the target vocabulary to describe people’s personalities.

Spring is in the air

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B2 practice contents
Phrasal verbs
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Hotel reviews 1

Fill in the gaps with the phrases.

Below are some typical expressions you can use when writing hotel reviews. (Please note that hotel reviews are NOT currently included in the latest version of the Cambridge FCE exam.) Do this exercise on these expressions by writing the words from the list in the spaces. Check your answers below.

Hotel at the beach 1

============================= comfortable / hotel grounds / features / plush beds / overlook / quiet / lush / balconies / indeed / yet friendly =============================

The room was excellent; 1. mattresses and pillows.

The staff were all efficient 2. .

The food was very good 3. .

There were gardens and walks around the 4. .

The area was 5. and relaxing.

Set within extensive, 6. gardens, this 5 star resort is just 5 km from the nearest town.

It 7. a selection of sports and leisure facilities including 3 golf courses and a large outdoor pool.

The spacious rooms are filled with natural light and have 8. with white linen.

The rooms open onto 9. and offer seating areas.

Many rooms 10. the pool area.

Solutions...

1. comfortable / plush beds,

2. yet friendly

4. hotel grounds

7. features

8. plush beds

9. balconies

10. overlook

Complete hotel review phrases to copy:

The room was excellent; comfortable mattresses and pillows.

The staff were all efficient yet friendly.

The food was very good indeed.

There were gardens and walks around the hotel grounds.

The area was quiet and relaxing.

Set within expansive, lush gardens, this 5-star resort is just 5 km from the nearest town.

It features a selection of sports and leisure facilities including 3 golf courses and a large outdoor pool.

The spacious rooms are filled with natural light and have plush beds with white linen.

The rooms open onto balconies and offer seating areas.

Many rooms overlook the pool area.

Go to exercise 2...

See more exercises on hotel reviews...

Home — Essay Samples — Entertainment — Hotel Rwanda — Review Of The Film Hotel Rwanda

Review of The Film Hotel Rwanda

Categories: Hotel Rwanda Movie Review

About this sample

Words: 806 |

Published: May 14, 2021

Words: 806 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Works Cited

Des Forges, A. (1999). Leave none to tell the story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch.
Gourevitch, P. (2000). We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: Stories from Rwanda. Picador.
Isaac, M. (2004). Review: Hotel Rwanda. Journal of Genocide Research, 6(3), 455-457.
Keane, F. (2005). The role of the media in Rwanda: The road to genocide revisited. Journal of Genocide Research, 7(1), 67-91.
Melvern, L. (2004). Conspiracy to murder: The Rwandan genocide. Verso Books.
Prunier, G. (1997). The Rwanda crisis: History of a genocide. Columbia University Press.
Reyntjens, F. (2009). The Great African War: Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge University Press.
Rusesabagina, P. (2006). An ordinary man: An autobiography. Penguin Books.
Thompson, A. (2007). The media and the Rwanda genocide. Pluto Press.
Uvin, P. (1999). The international dimensions of internal conflict: Lessons from the Rwandan genocide. Journal of Humanitarian Assistance, 32.

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Inside the Oxford Hotel Housed Within One of England’s Most Historic Former Department Stores

The store is a stylish and comfortable stay in the heart of oxford, with a dash of history thrown in for good measure..

As host to one of the world’s great universities as well as home to some of English literature’s most famous authors, such as J.R.R Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, it’s an understatement to say that Oxford is steeped in history. But one of its landmarks is about to turn the page to a new chapter with a modern and swanky upgrade.

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The Store Oxford just opened in May 2024 in the former site of Boswell & Co., a family-owned department store founded in 1738, which had been open for 282 years until it closed in 2020. Located in the heart of the city, The Store, now run in partnership by investment firms Reef Group and EQ Group , strives to honor Boswell’s history while offering a posh setting for the modern traveler.

“This is what Oxford has been missing for decades—not even the last few years, but for decades,” Simon Drake, general manager at The Store, tells Observer.

Drake, who previously ran another property in Oxford before its sale to Graduate Hotels in 2019, noted that before the opening of The Store, there were perhaps a few “grande dame” hotels in Oxford, an area that hosts millions of tourists and conference guests throughout the year. But there was nothing for the modern traveler who doesn’t want to stay somewhere that feels like an old estate, but rather wants to book accommodations that feel current and vibrant.

At the same time, the hotel management recognizes the importance of the landmark to the local community. Drake says the hotel wants to feel welcoming to many long-time Oxford residents, noting how many of them have vivid and cherished memories there, from weekly trips with the family to picking out Christmas presents.

“The community feels very attached to this building, and you don’t tend to get that with many hotels. A lot of hotels will buy a block and knock it down, and then they build something else, and that’s it. Subject closed,” Drake says. “I realized right from the beginning that I wasn’t just going to be the general manager of The Store. I was going to be the caretaker of Boswell’s.”

Founded by Francis Boswell at the corner of Broad and Cornmarket Streets, Boswell’s originally sold luggage and trunks, and it is believed the store’s wares were taken on Captain James Cook’s voyages to the Southern Hemisphere. In the great tradition of British department stores, Boswell’s was a treasure trove for clothing, cosmetics, household goods, toys and other essentials. It also housed a haberdashery as well as a tearoom and café.

A key advantage of The Store Oxford is its location. The hotel’s position near the city center puts guests at the heart of the action and within walking distance of all the major shops and historical landmarks on the Oxford University campus, many of which have appeared in major films, including the Harry Potter franchise. The hotel is also just a 10-minute walk from the train station, making it extra convenient to catch the high-speed rail to and from London as well as other major destinations within England . (By high-speed train, Oxford is just an hour from London’s Paddington Station.)

The outside of the building has the same facade as Boswell’s (the hotel even reinstalled the original sign); otherwise, only the walls have been cleaned. But everything inside was gutted and rebuilt from scratch, because the interior was beyond just outdated—it had become derelict.

“The building is so critically important when you’re refurbishing and relaunching something that’s been such a historical landmark for so many decades—centuries, really. There was quite a lot of heritage, a lot of legacy and a lot of expectation,” Drake says.

Arranged with 101 guest rooms spread out over seven floors, the renovated design showcases the separate communal spaces that can function independently, but also together when needed in the case of large events. (Room rates start at $360 per night.)

“The ethos behind The Store is very much as you would find a department store; you walk into a department store—like Macy’s, Harrods, etc.—because you’re just going to browse and you might have one thing in mind that you want, but you probably come out with three or four or five things. And we see ourselves as a little bit of an extension of that. We want people to explore different sections of the building,” Drake explains.

The management team took special care to make the guest rooms feel luxurious and modern, with subtle nods to the building’s history, like black and white photography of the building, taken over the last century, mounted on the walls. And truly, nothing is more important to getting a good night’s sleep than a cozy bed. Drake says the design team, led by the London-based firm Urban R , spent months working with British mattress brand Hypnos to produce the best beds possible, from the right base to the right spring.

The coworking space is another example of how The Store’s management sees the property as filling a gap in Oxford.

“If I’m in London, I’ll go into the W or the Edition, order a coffee, and I’ll sit down and open my laptop. That’s how we work nowadays, even more so post-Covid. Oxford has never had that,” Drake says. “We provided this kind of workspace, and that was key to us because there isn’t anything like that here, whatsoever. And many people say, ‘Well, you know you will just get someone who sits there with a latte for three hours.’ That’s fine, as long as they have a great experience.”

And while the coworking space is a sublime place to set up your virtual office when traveling for business or pleasure, guests should really revel in enjoying the hotel’s facilities, including the subterranean spa . Cocooned in walnut-paneled walls just one floor underground, The Spa at the Store offers facial and massage treatments with skincare products from British brand Oskia . The spa’s state-of-the-art amenities include private treatment rooms and a holistic studio space, where the hotel will offer a regular schedule of yoga classes and sound baths, full-body meditation experiences in which guests lie down and listen to resonant sounds for relaxation.

Just beyond the coworking space is Treadwell, the hotel’s on-site restaurant. The modern eatery flaunts its menu as “untraditionally British,” essentially serving what, on paper, might seem like classic British fare, but playing with it and mixing in multicultural influences as well as local, sustainably sourced produce and proteins from around Oxfordshire, the surrounding county. Some notable dinner plates include the chicken tikka masala pie with gunpowder new potatoes and makhani jus; “bangers of mash” with smoked shredded pork and Cajun gravy; and a double baked cheese “soufflé,” which is served on a plate rather than in a ramekin, but holds it shape and might easily be the best soufflé you’ll ever eat.

There is only one true structural addition to the building, and that is the rooftop terrace. The crown jewel of the property, The Roof at The Store is a sophisticated rooftop bar and restaurant, offering outdoor seating and 360-degree views over Oxford—a real treat as there aren’t many tall buildings in the city center beyond the Romanesque and Gothic towers of the university buildings and chapels. With a focus on eight classic cocktails —the Cosmopolitan, the Bramble, the Manhattan, the Espresso Martini, the Negroni, the Gimlet, the Old Fashioned and the Mojito—the drinks menu includes three creative variations for each, alongside an offering of sparkling wine, champagne, wine and beer. (And at the lobby bar, rooftop bar and the restaurant, you can expect to find a selection of English fine wines sourced by nearby winery Hundred Hills .)

Throughout the year, The Store plans to host a range of pop-ups at the rooftop bar, themed to the season and special occasion, with a fun but approachable menu, rotating comforting favorites like wood-fired pizzas and even American-style, slow-cooked smoked meats.

Treadwell is also launching two weekend dining programs. First is brunch, which normally is self-explanatory, but the menu here is anything but your usual pancakes and eggs, with items like stuffed raspberry and vanilla cheesecake croissants; sweet corn fritters with smashed avocado, confit tomato, green dukkha and Aleppo chili; and pulled ham hock and Boston beans on toast with a fried duck egg. And in grand English tradition, Sunday roasts will be served family-style in the evening with several meaty options (chicken, pork, beef, lamb—you pick)—but also an agave glazed mustard and herb seitan road with vegan gravy.

In the coming weeks, The Store plans to open an alfresco dining area with sidewalk seating for up to 60 people to enjoy drinks and snacks from the lobby bar. And the hotel is working on developing a corner space on the lobby level as an activation area for local businesses for events on weekends, like pottery demonstrations and live music performances.

“The space will operate like a department store window display that piques your curiosity. We want people to have a journey here, maybe come in for coffee, and discover the rooftop bar for drinks,” Ben Lancaster, marketing and communications manager for The Store, tells Observer. “We want to give that feel peering into a window at a department store, when you look inside and don’t know what to expect. We want to take that to another level.”

Inside the Oxford Hotel Housed Within One of England’s Most Historic Former Department Stores

SEE ALSO : Edible Pearls and Red Carpet Parrots: A Look Inside MoMA PS1’s 2024 Gala and Afterparty

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‘Filmlovers!' Review: Arnaud Desplechin's Hybrid Essay Film Explores His Abiding Love of Cinema

D irectors have been filming "love letters to cinema" ever since they first exhibited nostalgia for the medium (or their own burgeoning cinephilia). Arnaud Desplechin's new hybrid essay film "Filmlovers!" waxes poetic about cinema's capacity to entrance, but he doesn't coast on cozy remembrance. Instead, he balances nostalgia with scholarly analysis and a tactile focus. The post-New Wave French filmmaker acutely understands that cinephilia is both an intellectual and sensorial experience; the feeling of the a theater seat and the flicker of a projector hold as much weight as deploying different frameworks to unpack symbolism or allusions. "Filmlovers!" melds fiction and non-fiction, the personal and the political, popular and art cinema, into a lyrical tribute to spectatorship, embracing all the theories and emotions that come with it.

Via narration by long-time collaborator Mathieu Amalric, Desplechin begins with a meditation on cinema's artistic forebearers (painting, photography, puppetry, etc.) and its intrinsic properties, mainly time and movement. Throughout "Filmlovers!," he repeatedly circles back to cinema's historical development, from the early days of projection in the late 19th century through its industry expansion, the rise of television, and eventually its contemporary moment.

Before invoking theory or personal emotions, "Filmlovers!" grounds the medium in its material realities, conveying to an audience - albeit one who probably already knows this stuff - that film is intrinsically tied to technology, economics, and a country's sociopolitical fabric.

Structured in chapters, "Filmlovers!" deploys multiple film excerpts across cinema history to supplement analyses of spectatorship, specifically the ways movies comment upon the gaze of the viewer. Most of the time, Desplechin uses clips as quotations, using a torrent of imagery to emphasize a particular point, but sometimes Desplechin-via-Amalric will comment at length about a particular film or engage with granular scene analysis.

Desplechin embodies a true cinephile's expansive love of film. Scenes from "Terminator 2: Judgement Day" and "Persona" are given equal weight. Desplechin will dive deep into D.W. Griffith while also incorporating a lengthy examination of a scene from "Notting Hill" as a metaphor for cinema itself, expound upon ideas he's publicly expressed before .

Desplechin also revives his loose fictional avatar Paul Dedalus for "Filmlovers!" to lend the film a personal edge. A Nathan Zuckerman-like figure, Paul Dedalus sports a flexible persona that allows the filmmaker to explore various pet ideas unbound by continuity. In Desplechin's 1996 international breakthrough "My Sex Life… or How I Got into an Argument," the existentially adrift Paul (Amalric) was a philosophy PhD student struggling to complete his dissertation amidst a complicated love life. The 2015 sorta-prequel "My Golden Days" features Paul, played by Amalric as an adult (also played by Amalric) living in Paris and Quentin Dolmaire as a young man in Roubaix, as an anthropologist who routinely does field work in Asia. But in "Filmlovers!," Desplechin presents Paul as an avowed cinephile from a young age, featuring him in three phases: a curious child, a film-obsessed teen, and a suave twenty-something scholar.

The Dedalus scenes bring out a tenderness in Desplechin, if only because it provides him the chance to remix and fictionally explore memories from his own life. Paul's love of cinema, like Desplechin's, emerges from the time his grandmother, played in "Filmlovers!" by the legendary Françoise Lebrun, took him and his sister to see "Fantômas" in the cinema. He recreates this story on screen by emphasizing the utter mundanity of the setting and experience - Paul goes to the bathroom alone at one point, they leave early because Paul's sister becomes frightened by Jean Marais' performance - but within that normalcy, a lifelong fascination begins to blossom. "Filmlovers!" pays tribute to the ways that elders can shepherd and influence their charges' love of art just by allowing them to experience it on their own.

As Paul grows up, his obsession becomes more of an active pursuit. He sneaks into a repertory screening of "Cries and Whispers" and it changes his life. He programs "Daisies" for his own high school film club where he impresses a girl with his earnest introduction and careful monitoring of the projection. For Paul (and, presumably, Desplechin), cinephilia and amorous desire are forever intertwined.

The best sequence in "Filmlovers!" involves Paul in his twenties engaging with two women - his crush who's involved with someone else and her more outgoing friend - at a screening of Francis Ford Coppola's "Peggy Sue Got Married." While Desplechin definitely filters the scene through a romantic's trapped-in-amber glow, he also neatly captures how cinema-going and romance can become wrapped up in a shared gaze, and how sharing a passion can become a flirtatious game on its own.

Though Paul Dedalus recurs throughout "Filmlovers!," his scenes aren't so much part of a narrative throughline as an example of one spectator amongst many. Desplechin includes other fictional scenes to illustrate different ideas of spectatorship, like a meeting between philosopher Sandra Laugier and a graduate student about the nature of film realism through different theoretical lenses. (How often do the movies depict an extended discussion of the ontology of film by way of Stanley Cavell and Andre Bazin?)

He also features a sequence of documentary-style testimonials from anonymous individuals who discuss their cinematic routines (where they sit in the theater, what they eat) as well as their most cherished film memories. One man talks about how seeing Maurice Pialat's "A Nos Amours" changed his life; a little girl explains how she was emotionally affected by Steven Spielberg's "West Side Story" adaptation.

"Filmlovers!" freely digresses through multiple different cinematic modes, consciously mirroring Desplechin's aggressive cinematic style in his narrative work. Its episodic nature inevitably means certain sequences will endear themselves to different viewers, but Desplechin still offers multiple points of entry. Though the Dedalus sections will likely be cherished more by those who have followed the character for years, they certainly compel on their own merits and require no prior context. Similarly, the more academic scenes might intrigue viewers who have dipped their toes in film theory or cinema studies, but they're never so dry to alienate anyone unfamiliar with the material. Anytime ideas drift towards abstraction, "Filmlovers!" returns to the physical and emotional sensations that film inspires.

For better or worse, Desplechin's palpable passion for cinema is the main selling point of "Filmlovers!" So much of it feels like an opportunity for the director to filmically expunge ideas and memories he's held onto for a while, like a lengthy tribute to Claude Lanzmann's "Shoah" or a shot-by-shot analysis of the opening to "The 400 Blows" filtered through the perspective of a fictional aspiring director.

Desplechin freely risks boring or annoying anyone well-versed in his talking points - which, if we're being honest, might be a sizable portion of the film's actual audience - and he seems predictably, refreshingly indifferent to any charges of pretension. While "Filmlovers!" might not say anything new about the theatrical experience or the history of cinema, it might linger, however briefly, in your mind as a warm memory, and that's certainly Desplechin's chief intention.

"Filmlovers!" premiered at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival. It is currently seeking U.S. distribution.

Softbank-backed Oyo withdraws IPO papers for second time

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Indranil co-leads Reuters' spot company news file in India, which encompasses a broad spectrum of news, including earnings, M&A, executive appointments, and regulatory developments, among others. With seven years of experience at the Baron, Indranil has a wealth of expertise in financial journalism, having covered global markets spanning the U.S., UK, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, and other South Asian countries before moving to the India file. He also briefly headed a Reuters data reporting project. Indranil holds a degree in journalism from the Manipal School of Communication and has been nationally recognized for his photography documenting life in rural parts of India.

Banwari Singh, 40, a construction worker, uses his phone as he takes a break at a construction site during a hot summer day in New Delhi

At least seven people have died in India's southern state of Kerala after heavier than normal pre-monsoon rains, authorities said, even as much of South Asia grappled with a heatwave.

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Britain's proposed law to ban smoking for younger generations could be shelved after Prime Minister Rishi Sunak called a surprise election, putting one of his flagship policies in jeopardy as there is only limited time for bills to be made law.

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US-skepticism and transnational conspiracy in the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election

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Taiwan has one of the highest freedom of speech indexes while it also encounters the largest amount of foreign interference due to its contentious history with China. Because of the large influx of misinformation, Taiwan has taken a public crowdsourcing approach to combatting misinformation, using both fact-checking ChatBots and public dataset called CoFacts. Combining CoFacts with large-language models (LLM), we investigated misinformation across three platforms (Line, PTT, and Facebook) during the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election. We found that most misinformation appears within China-friendly political groups and attacks US-Taiwan relations through visual media like images and videos. A considerable proportion of misinformation does not question U.S. foreign policy directly. Rather, it exaggerates domestic issues in the United States to create a sense of declining U.S. state capacity. Curiously, we found misinformation rhetoric that references conspiracy groups in the West.

Program in Quantitative Social Science, Dartmouth College, USA

Department of Political Science, University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA

Department of Computer Science, Barnard College, USA

Research Questions

What are the misinformation narratives surrounding the election in Taiwan and how do they target international relations with the United States?
What geographical or temporal patterns emerge from misinformation data?
Who are the targets of these misinformation narratives and through what modalities?

Essay Summary

We leveraged a dataset of 41,291 labeled articles from Line, 911,510 posts from Facebook, and 2,005,972 posts and comments from PTT to understand misinformation dynamics through topic modeling and network analysis.
The primary form of misinformation is narratives that attack international relations with the United States (henceforth referred to as US-skepticism), specifically referencing the economy, health policy, the threat of war through Ukraine, and other U.S. domestic issues.
Temporal and spatial evidence suggests VPN-based coordination, focused on U.S. issues and addresses.
Misinformation is most common among pan-Blue and ROC identity groups on social media and is spread through visual media. These groups share many themes with conspiracy groups in Western countries.
Our study shows the prevalence of misinformation strategies using visual media and fake news websites. It also highlights how crowdsourcing and advances in large-language models can be used to identify misinformation in cross-platform workflows.

Implications

According to Freedom House, Taiwan has one of the highest indices for free speech in Asia (Freedom House, 2022). Additionally, due to its contentious history with China, it receives significant foreign interference and misinformation, especially during its presidential elections. Due to the large influx of dis- and misinformation, Taiwan has developed many strategies to counter misleading narratives, including fact-checking ChatBots on its most popular chatroom app (Chang et al., 2020). Under this information environment, the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election emerged as one of the most divisive elections in Taiwan’s history, featuring at one point a doubling of presidential candidates in a typically two-party race, from two to four. As such, Taiwan is regarded as a “canary for disinformation” against elections in 2024, as a first indicator to how foreign interference may take place in other democracies (Welch, 2024).

In this paper, we study the misinformation ecosystem in Taiwan starting a year prior to the election. First, our findings highlight the interaction between misinformation and international relations. As was reported in The Economist and The New York Times , a considerable portion of the misinformation spread in Taiwan before the 2024 election is about US-skepticism, which aims at undermining the reputation of the United States among Taiwanese people (“China is flooding Taiwan with disinformation,” 2023; Hsu, Chien, and Myers, 2023). This phenomenon is significant because it does not target specific candidates or parties in the election but may indirectly influence the vote choice between pro- and anti-U.S. parties. Given the US-China global competition and the Russia-Ukraine ongoing conflict, the reputation of the United States is crucial for the strength and reliability of democratic allies (Cohen, 2003). Hence, it is not surprising that misinformation about the United States may propagate globally and influence elections across democracies. However, our findings surprisingly show that US-skepticism also includes a considerable number of attacks on U.S. domestic politics. Such content does not question the U.S. foreign policy but undermines the perceived reliability and state capacity of the United States. Here, s tate capacity is defined as whether a state is capable of mobilizing its resources to realize its goal, which is conceptually different from motivation and trust.

US-skepticism is commonly characterized as mistrusting the motivations of the United States, as illustrated in the Latin American context due to long histories of political influence (see dependency theory; Galeano, 1997), but our findings suggest that perceived U.S. state capacity is also an important narrative. As most foreign disinformation arises from China, this indicates a greater trend where authoritarian countries turn to sharp power tactics to distort information and defame global competitors rather than winning hearts and minds through soft power. Sharp power refers to the ways in which authoritarian regimes project their influence abroad to pierce, penetrate, or perforate the informational environments in targeted countries (Walker, 2018). In Taiwan’s case, China may not be able to tell China’s story well, but can still influence Taiwanese voters by making them believe that the United States is declining. Our findings suggest that future work analyzing the topics and keywords of misinformation in elections outside the United States should also consider the US-skepticism as one latent category, not just the politicians and countries as is common with electoral misinformation (Tenove et al., 2018). These findings are corroborated by narratives identified by a recent report including drug issues, race relations, and urban decay (Microsoft Threat Intelligence, 2024).

Additionally, our research investigates both misinformation and conspiracy theories, which are closely related. Whereas misinformation is broadly described as “false or inaccurate information” (Jerit & Zhao, 2020), a conspiracy theory is the belief that harmful events are caused by a powerful, often secretive, group. In particular, conspiracy communities often coalesce around activities of “truth-seeking,” embodying a contrarian view toward commonly held beliefs (Enders et al., 2022; Harambam, 2020; Konkes & Lester, 2017). Our findings also provide evidence of transnational similarities between conspiracy groups in Taiwan and the United States. Whereas the domestic context has been explored (Chen et al., 2023; Jerit & Zhao, 2020), the intersection of partisanship and conspiracy groups as conduits for cross-national misinformation flow deserves further investigation.

Second, our findings reemphasize that an IP address is not a reliable criterion for attributing foreign intervention. Previous studies on Chinese cyber armies show that they use a VPN for their activities on Twitter (now X) (Wang et al., 2020) and Facebook (Frenkel, 2023). Commonly known as the Reddit of Taiwan, PTT is a public forum in Taiwan that by default contains the IP address of the poster. Our analysis of PTT located a group of accounts with US IP addresses that have the same activity pattern as other Taiwan-based accounts. Therefore, it is likely that these accounts use VPN to hide their geolocation. Our results provide additional evidence that this VPN strategy also appears on secondary and localized social media platforms. Our results suggest that the analysis of the originating location of misinformation should not be based entirely on IP addresses.

Third, our findings show that text is far from the only format used in the spread of misinformation. A considerable amount of misinformation identified on Facebook is spread through links (47%), videos (21%), and photos (15%). These items may echo each other’s content or even feature cross-platform flow. Proper tools are needed to extract and juxtapose content from different types of media so that researchers can have a holistic analysis of the spread and development of misinformation (Tucker et al., 2018). Such tools are urgent since mainstream social media has adopted and highly encouraged short videos—a crucial area for researchers to assess how misinformation spreads across platforms in the upcoming year of elections. This understanding is also important for fact-check agencies because they must prepare for collecting and reviewing information on various topics found in multiple media types across platforms. Crowdsourcing, data science, expert inputs, and international collaboration are all needed to deal with multi-format misinformation environments.

With prior studies showing that the aggregated fact checks (known as wisdom of the crowds) perform on par with expert ratings (see Arechar et al., 2023; Martel et al., 2023), our case study also evidences how crowdsourcing and LLM approaches can not only quickly fact-check but also summarize larger narrative trends. In Taiwan, this takes form of the CoFacts open dataset, which we use to identify misinformation narratives. CoFacts is a project initiated by g0v (pronounced “gov zero”), a civic hacktivism community in Taiwan that started in 2012. CoFacts started as a fact-checking ChatBot that circumvents the closed nature of chatroom apps, where users can forward suspicious messages or integrate the ChatBot into private rooms. These narratives are then sent to a database. Individual narratives are subsequently reviewed by more than 2,000 volunteers, including teachers, doctors, students, engineers, and retirees (Haime, 2022). As a citizen-initiated project, it is not affiliated with any government entity or party.

Crucially, these reviews provide valuable labels that are used to train AI models and fine-tune LLMs. The dataset is available open source on the popular deep-learning platform HuggingFace. Just as AI and automation can be used to spread misinformation (Chang, 2023; Chang & Ferrara, 2022; Ferrara et al., 2020; Monaco & Woolley, 2022), it can also help combat “fake news” through human-AI collaboration.

Finding 1: The primary form of misinformation is narratives that attack international relations with the United States (henceforth referred to as US-skepticism), specifically referencing the economy, health policy, the threat of war through Ukraine, and other U.S. domestic issues.

The status quo between China and Taiwan is marked by Taiwan’s self-identification as a sovereign state, which is in contrast to China’s view of Taiwan as part of its territory under the “One China” policy. As brief context, China has claimed Taiwan as its territory since 1949, but the United States has helped maintain the status quo and peace after the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. After democratization in 1987, Taiwan’s politics have been dominated by a clear blue-green division. The blue camp is led by Kuomintang (Nationalist Party, KMT hereafter), the founding party of the Republic of China (ROC, the formal name of Taiwan’s government based on its constitution) who was defeated by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and retreated to Taiwan in 1949. The green camp is led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which pursues revising the ROC Constitution and changing the country’s name to Taiwan. The political cleavage between the blue and green camps is dictated by Taiwan’s relationship with the PRC and the United States. The blue camp’s position is that the PRC and ROC are under civil war but belong to the same Chinese nation, and thus the blue camp appreciates military support from the United States while enhancing economic and cultural cooperation with the PRC. The green camp believes that the necessary conditions for Taiwan to be free and independent are to stand firmly with the United States and maintain distance from the PRC. After 2020, the two major camps’ insufficient attention to domestic and social issues caused the rise of nonpartisans and a third party, the Taiwan People’s Party (TPP or the white camp), which strategically avoids discussing foreign policies. In the 2024 election, the ruling DPP party (green) was reelected with 40% of votes for the third consecutive presidency (from 2016 to 2028), while KMT (blue) and TPP (white) received 33% and 26% of votes, respectively.

The U.S. “One China” policy since 1979 indicates that the United States opposes any change to the status quo unless it is solved peacefully. This has motivated the PRC to persuade Taiwanese citizens to support unification using misinformation targeted at China-friendly political groups, as the cost of unification would be greatly reduced if sufficient Taiwanese citizens opposed U.S. military intervention. This history between the United States and Taiwan serves as the foundation of US-skepticism. In the literature, US-skepticism in Taiwan is composed of two key psychological elements: trust and motivation (Wu & Lin, 2019; Wu, 2023). First, many Taiwanese no longer trust the United States after the United States switched diplomatic ties from Taiwan (ROC) to the PRC in 1979. Many blue-camp supporters doubt the commitment of the United States to send troops should China invade, per the Taiwan Relations Act (Wu & Lin, 2019). Second, Taiwanese citizens question Taiwan’s role as a proxy in a potential war with China instead of sincerely protecting democracy and human rights in Taiwan (Wu, 2023).

The CoFacts dataset contains 140,314 articles submitted by Line users, which are then fact-checked by volunteers as rumor (47%), not a rumor (21%), not an article (19%), and opinion (13%). Here, rumor is synonymous with misinformation. Using the CoFacts dataset, we trained a BERTopic model to identify 34 forms of misinformation and then ranked them by their overlap with the word “elections” in Mandarin Chinese (George & Sumathy, 2023; Nguyen et al., 2020). Table 1 shows the top nine narratives.

Many of these narratives are directly related to political parties or the democratic process. For instance, the highest-ranked topic is attacking the incumbent party (the DPP) at 18.1%, which contains 2,371 total posts. The subsequent misinformation topics focus on policy issues and specific narratives—international relations, issues of marriage and birth rate, vaccines, nuclear energy, biometrics, egg imports, and the war in Ukraine. These are known cleavage issues and overlap with the eight central concerns during the election cycle—economic prosperity, cross-strait affairs, wealth distribution, political corruption, national security, social reform/stability, and environmental protection (Achen & Wang, 2017; Achen & Wang, 2019; Chang & Fang, 2023).

We focus on the third type of misinformation, which is the relationship between Taiwan, the United States, and China. US-skepticism is not only the largest at 10,826 individual posts, but one flagged by journalists, policymakers, and politicians as one of the most crucial themes. This is a relatively new phenomenon in terms of proportion, which aims to sow distrust toward the United States (“China is flooding Taiwan with disinformation,” 2023). In contrast, questioning the fairness of process (i.e. ballot numbers) and policy positions (i.e. gay marriage) are common during elections. However, US-skeptical misinformation diverges in that there is no explicit political candidate or party targeted. By sampling the topic articles within this category and validating using an LLM-summarizer through the ChatGPT API, we identified three specific narratives:

(a) The United States and the threat of war: Ukraine intersects frequently in this topic, with videos of direct military actions. Example: “Did you hear former USA military strategist Jack Keane say the Ukrainian war is an investment. The USA spends just $66,000,000,000 and can make Ukraine and Russia fight… Keane then mentions Taiwan is the same, where Taiwanese citizens are an ‘investment’ for Americans to fight a cheap war. The USA is cold and calculating, without any actual intent to help Taiwan!”

(b) Economic atrophy due to fiscal actions by the United States: These narratives focus on domestic policy issues in Taiwan such as minimum wage and housing costs. Example: “The USA printed 4 trillion dollars and bought stocks everywhere in the world, including Taiwan, and caused inflation and depressed wages. Be prepared!”

(c) Vaccine supply and the United States: While some narratives focus on the efficacy of vaccines, several describe the United States intentionally limiting supply during the pandemic. Example: “Taiwanese Dr. Lin is a leading scientist at Moderna, yet sells domestically at $39 per two doses, $50 to Israel. Taiwan must bid at least $60! The United States clearly does not value Taiwan.”

These narratives reveal a new element to US-skepticism: state capacity. As previously mentioned, state capacity is defined as whether a state is capable of mobilizing its resources to realize its goal. The Ukraine war and vaccine supply narratives both question the United States’ motivations in foreign policies and perceived trustworthiness. Meanwhile, the economic atrophy narrative is based on the United States’ domestic budgetary deficit and downstream impact on Taiwanese economy. These narratives frame U.S. state capacity as declining and imply that the United States could no longer realize any other commitment due to its lack of resources and capacity. The goal of such a narrative is to lower the Taiwanese audience’s belief that the United States will help. But such a narrative does not include keywords of its target group (e.g., Taiwan) nor the PCR’s goal (e.g., unification) and only works through framing and priming as an example of sharp power.

The specific focus of misinformation narratives related to the United States is composed of Ukraine (28.8%), the economy and fiscal policies (33.1%), technology (25.2%), and vaccine supply (9.9%). Misinformation related to state capacity takes up approximately 52.4%, more than half of all narratives (see Figure A1, part a in the Appendix). In all narratives, political parties are only referenced 27.8% of the time with the DPP the primary target (26.2%), which is almost half of the proportion for state capacity. China is only mentioned in tandem with the United States in 38.4% of the posts (see Figure A1, part b in the Appendix).

Finding 2: Temporal and spatial evidence suggests VPN-based coordination, focused on U.S. issues and addresses.

Once we identified the top misinformation narratives using Line, we investigated information operations or coordination. Line is one of Taiwan’s most popular communication apps featuring chatrooms (similar to WhatsApp), with 83% usage. One limitation of Line is that although we can analyze message content, Line chatrooms can be seen as conversations behind “closed doors”—platforms cannot impose content moderation and researchers have no access to the users themselves nor to the private chatroom in which users engage with misinformation (Chang et al., 2020). PTT, on the other hand, provides a public forum-like environment in which users can interact. Figure 1 shows the co-occurrence network of users who post comments under the same forum. Each circle (node) represents a user who posts on PTT. If two users make mutual comments on more than 200 posts, then they are connected (form a tie). Intuitively, this means if two users are connected or “close” to each other by mutual connections, then they are likely coordinating or have extremely similar behaviors. The placement of the users reflects this and is determined by their connections.

Using the Louvain algorithm (Traag, 2015), a common method to identify communities on social networks, five communities emerged from our dataset. Each community is colored separately, with clear clusters, except for teal which is more integrated. In particular, the yellow cluster is significantly separate from the others. This means they share significant activity amongst their own community, but less so with other communities. This suggests premeditated coordination rather than organic discussion, as the users would have to target the same post with high frequency. Prior studies have shown analyzing temporal patterns can provide insight into information operations. Specifically, overseas content farms often follow a regular cadence, posting content before peak hours in Taiwan on Twitter (Wang et al., 2020) and YouTube (Hsu & Lin, 2023).

To better understand the temporal dynamics on PTT, we plotted the distribution of posts and comments over a 24-hour period. Specifically, we focused on the top two countries by volume—Taiwan and the United States. Figure 2, part a shows the time of posting. Taiwan’s activity increases from 6 in the morning until it peaks at noon (when people are on lunch break), then steadily declines into the night. In contrast, posts from the United States peak at midnight and 8 a.m. Taipei time, which corresponds to around noon and 8 p.m. in New York, respectively. This provides an organic baseline as to when we might expect people to post.

However, in Figure 2, part b, while the distribution for Taiwan (blue) remains unchanged, the peak for the United States (orange) occurs at the same time as Taiwan. One explanation is that users are responding to posts in Taiwan. The second is that users in Asia—potentially China—are using a VPN to appear as if they are in the United States. This coincides with a report by Meta Platforms that found large numbers of CCP-operated Facebook accounts and subsequently removed them (Frenkel, 2023).

The more curious issue is when considering the activity of the yellow group from Figure 1, the temporal pattern (green) shows a sharp increase in activity at 10 a.m., which then coincides with both the peaks for Taiwan (12) and the United States (22). The sudden burst of activity is consistent with prior findings on content farms from China, where posting behavior occurs when content farm workers clock in regularly for work (Wang et al., 2020). While it is difficult to prove the authenticity of these accounts, the structural and temporal aspects suggest coordination. Figure A2 in the appendix shows further evidence of coordination through the frequency distribution of counts for co-occurring posts. For the US-based group, a distribution akin to a power law appears, commonly found within social systems (Adamic & Huberman, 2000; Chang et al., 2023; Clauset et al., 2009). In contrast, the coordinated group features a significantly heavier tail, with a secondary, “unnatural,” peak at around 15 co-occurrences.

To better understand the content of these groups, Table A1 shows the summary of comments of each group and the originating post, using a large-language model for abstractive summarization (see Methods). We report the top points for comments and posts in Table A1. The coordinated community focuses on businessman Terry Gou, who considered running as a blue-leaning independent. The comments attack the incumbent DPP and their stance toward foreign policy. One popular post features President Tsai’s controversial meeting with Kevin McCarthy, then the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. When a journalist asked McCarthy if he would “invite President Tsai to Congress… or… Washington,” McCarthy replied, “I don’t have any invitation out there right now. Today we were able to meet her as she transits through America, I thought that was very productive.” While this was positively framed, the title of the post itself was translated as “McCarthy will not invite Tsai to the United States” (Doomdied, 2023). This takes on a common tactic in misinformation where statements are intentionally distorted to produce negative framings of a particular candidate.

Comments from U.S. IP addresses between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. focus on the potential alliance between the KMT and TPP. These posts are KMT-leaning with criticism toward both Lai and Ko, who are two oppositional candidates to the KMT. Some users argue that while the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is a negative force, the United States is not automatically a positive force, as the United States does not explicitly support Taiwan’s international recognition or economic integration. In general, both posts and comments express that Taiwan should not rely too heavily on either China or the United States. This echoes the element of trust in the US-skepticism from the historical experience between ROC and the United States.

Both the U.S.-based and coordinated groups appear as blue-leaning audiences. What differentiates the first and second case is clear evidence of misinformation in the former through inaccurate framing. While US-skepticism may be a valid political stance, if the ambient information environment contains inaccurate information, then the democratic deliberative process is at risk. The case of US-skepticism is also one where stance and truth-value are often conflated, which may influence the process of voter deliberation.

Finding 3: Misinformation is most common among pan-Blue and ROC identity groups on social media and is spread through visual media. These groups share themes with conspiracy groups in Western countries.

Lastly, we considered the groups in which misinformation is common and the way misinformation is delivered. To do so, we queried CrowdTangle using the titles and links from the CoFacts dataset specific to US-Taiwan relations. This yielded 4,632 posts from public groups. Table 2 shows the groups ranked by the total number of misinformation articles identified.

There are two themes to these groups. First, they are often pan-Blue media outlets ( CTI News ), politician support groups ( Wang Yo-Zeng Support Group ), and ROC national identity groups ( I’m an ROC Fan ). The second type is somewhat unexpected but extremely interesting; it consists of groups that espouse freedom of speech ( Support CTI News and Free Speech ) and truth-seeking ( Truth Engineering Taiwan Graduate School ), topics often regarded as conspiracies. These topics are reminiscent of those in the West, such as the rhetoric around “fake news” and “truthers,” and paint a transnational picture of how misinformation coalesces. The second largest group is Trump for the World , which supports a politician known to court conspiracy theory groups such as QAnon. These groups also serve as the “capacity” element of US-skepticism, implying that the United States is in trouble for its domestic issues and is not a reliable partner to Taiwan. Furthermore, these groups have sizable followings—ranging from 8,279 to 43,481. We show the mean, as the total number of members fluctuated over our one-year period.

Lastly, we found that the majority of misinformation contains some form of multimedia, such as video (36%) or photos (15%), as shown in Figure 3, part a. Only 1% is a direct status. This may be due to CrowdTangle not surfacing results from normal users, but the ratio of multimedia to text is quite high. This aligns with extant studies showing the growth of multimodal misinformation (Micallef et al., 2022) and also user behavior in algorithm optimization (Chang et al., 2022; Dhanesh et al., 2022; Pulley, 2020)—posts with multimedia tend to do better than posts with only text.

Moreover, 47% contain a URL. Figure 3, part b shows one of the top domains containing misinformation (beyondnews852.com) after filtering out common domains such as YouTube. The site is named “Beyond News Net” and is visually formatted like a legitimate news site to increase the perceived credibility of information (Flanagin & Metzger, 2007; Wölker & Powell, 2021). The ability to rapidly generate legitimate-looking news sites as a tactic for misinformation may become a challenge for both media literacy and technical approaches to fight misinformation.

We utilized three unique misinformation datasets—Line, Facebook, and PTT—with dates between 01/12/2023 and 11/10/2023. The CoFacts dataset includes 140,193 received messages, 96,432 that have been labeled as misinformation, facts, opinion, or not relevant. Of this, 41,564 entries are misinformation. The CoFacts dataset is not only methodologically useful but exemplifies a crowd-sourced approach to fact-checking misinformation as an actual platform intervention. Moreover, it is public and transparent, allowing for replicability. Using a subset of articles and posts containing misinformation, we trained a topic model using BERTopic (Grootendorst, 2022). On a high level, using BERTopic involves five steps: 1) extract embeddings using a sentence transformer, 2) reduce dimensionality, 3) cluster reduced embeddings, 4) tokenize topics, and 5) create topic representation.

We conducted several trials, experimenting with parameters such as different sentence transformer models and minimum cluster sizes for the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm. The model used to extract topics for this paper utilized paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2 for our sentence embedding model (Reimers & Gurevych, 2019), had a minimum cluster size of 80 for the clustering algorithm, and used tokenize_zh for our tokenizer. Our model yielded 34 topics. We also trained a model based on latent-Dirichlet allocation (LDA) (Blei et al., 2003), but found the BERTopic results to be more interpretable. We then labeled all messages to indicate whether they included reference to the election or not, and ranked the topics by their election-related percentage to measure electoral salience. For our subsequent analysis, we focused on topic 3 (see Table 1), which captures general discourse about the relations between the United States, China, and Taiwan.

The Facebook dataset was extracted using CrowdTangle. We queried posts containing links and headlines from topic 3. We also cross-sectioned these links and headlines with a general election-based dataset with 911,510 posts. This yielded a total of 4,632 of posts shared on public Facebook groups and 227,125 engagements. Due to privacy concerns, it is not possible to obtain private posts from users on their own Facebook timelines, private groups, or messages. However, public groups are a good proxy for general discourse, in addition to providing ethnic or partisan affiliations via their group name (Chang & Fang, 2023). In other words, while CoFacts provides the misinformation narratives, Facebook public groups give insight into the targets of misinformation.

Lastly, we scraped PTT using Selenium. Commonly known as the Reddit of Taiwan, PTT is unique in that it contains the IP address of the poster, though this could be shrouded by proxy farms or VPNs. First, we scraped all posts that contained reference to the United States and the election, which yielded 22,576 posts and 1,983,396 comments, all with IP addresses, addresses provided by PTT, and the time of posting. We expanded the scope of this analysis as we were interested in the general discourse directly related to the United States, and the geospatial and temporal patterns that arose.

Due to the large amount of data, there are three general approaches we could have taken—local extractive summarization with LLMs, local abstractive summarization with LLMs, and server-based abstractive summarization (such as ChatGPT). Local extractive summarization is a method that embeds each of the input sentences and then outputs five of the most representative sentences. However, this approach is often too coarse, as it returns sentences with the highest centrality but does not summarize general themes across all the different comments or posts. On the other hand, abstractive summarization works by considering the entire context by ingesting many documents and then summarizing across them. This provides a more generalized characterization of key themes. However, the input size is the primary bottleneck as large-language models can only ingest so many tokens (or words), which also need to be held in memory—the case for our project, as we are summarizing more than 10,000 posts.

To circumvent these issues, we sampled the maximum number of posts or comments that could fit within 16,000 tokens and then made a query call using the ChatGPT API. This provided a summary based on a probabilistic sample of the posts and comments.

/ Elections

Cite this Essay

Chang, H. C. H., Wang, A. H. E., & Fang Y. S. (2024). US-skepticism and transnational conspiracy in the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review . https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-144

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No funding has been received to conduct this research.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

No human subjects were included in this study.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are properly credited.

Data Availability

All materials needed to replicate this study are available via the Harvard Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5SPGDY . The Cofacts database is available on HuggingFace and Facebook via CrowdTangle per regulation of Meta Platforms.

Acknowledgements

H. C. would like to thank Brendan Nyhan, Sharanya Majumder, John Carey, and Adrian Rauschfleish for their comments. H. C. would like to thank the Dartmouth Burke Research Initiation Award.

All authors contributed equally.

COMMENTS

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How To Write A Review About A Hotel, Tour, Or Trip You’ve Taken

We bet that when you choose a hotel to stay in, even for a few days, you automatically open the reviews section to make sure the place is sound.

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8 Tips for Writing Hotel Reviews that Editors Want

1. Read reviews and talk to guests.

2. Watch your language.

3. Answer the question: Why should I stay here?

4. Don’t leave out the facilities.

5. Create a scene.

6. Tell us something we don’t know.

7. Tell us about the area around the hotel.

8. Don’t be afraid of your voice.

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