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Thesis Format – Templates and Samples

Table of contents.

Thesis Format

Thesis format refers to the structure and layout of a research thesis or dissertation. It typically includes several chapters, each of which focuses on a particular aspect of the research topic .

The exact format of a thesis can vary depending on the academic discipline and the institution, but some common elements include:

Introduction

Literature review, methodology.

The title page is the first page of a thesis that provides essential information about the document, such as the title, author’s name, degree program, university, and the date of submission. It is considered as an important component of a thesis as it gives the reader an initial impression of the document’s content and quality.

The typical contents of a title page in a thesis include:

• The title of the thesis: It should be concise, informative, and accurately represent the main topic of the research.
• Author’s name: This should be written in full and should be the same as it appears on official university records.
• Degree program and department: This should specify the type of degree (e.g., Bachelor’s, Master’s, or Doctoral) and the field of study (e.g., Computer Science, Psychology, etc.).
• University: The name of the university where the thesis is being submitted.
• Date of submission : The month and year of submission of the thesis.
• Other details that can be included on the title page include the name of the advisor, the name of the committee members, and any acknowledgments.

In terms of formatting, the title page should be centered horizontally and vertically on the page, with a consistent font size and style. The page margin for the title page should be at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides. Additionally, it is common practice to include the university logo or crest on the title page, and this should be placed appropriately.

Title of the Thesis in Title Case by Author’s Full Name in Title Case

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Department Name at the University Name

Month Year of Submission

An abstract is a brief summary of a thesis or research paper that provides an overview of the main points, methodology, and findings of the study. It is typically placed at the beginning of the document, after the title page and before the introduction.

The purpose of an abstract is to provide readers with a quick and concise overview of the research paper or thesis. It should be written in a clear and concise language, and should not contain any jargon or technical terms that are not easily understood by the general public.

Here’s an example of an abstract for a thesis:

Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health among Adolescents

This study examines the impact of social media on mental health among adolescents. The research utilized a survey methodology and collected data from a sample of 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. The findings reveal that social media has a significant impact on mental health among adolescents, with frequent use of social media associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The study concludes that there is a need for increased awareness and education on the risks associated with excessive use of social media, and recommends strategies for promoting healthy social media habits among adolescents.

In this example, the abstract provides a concise summary of the thesis by highlighting the main points, methodology, and findings of the study. It also provides a clear indication of the significance of the study and its implications for future research and practice.

A table of contents is an essential part of a thesis as it provides the reader with an overview of the entire document’s structure and organization.

Here’s an example of how a table of contents might look in a thesis:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………..1

A. Background of the Study………………………………………..1

B. Statement of the Problem……………………………………….2

C. Objectives of the Study………………………………………..3

D. Research Questions…………………………………………….4

E. Significance of the Study………………………………………5

F. Scope and Limitations………………………………………….6

G. Definition of Terms……………………………………………7

II. LITERATURE REVIEW. ………………………………………………8

A. Overview of the Literature……………………………………..8

B. Key Themes and Concepts………………………………………..9

C. Gaps in the Literature………………………………………..10

D. Theoretical Framework………………………………………….11

III. METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………12

A. Research Design………………………………………………12

B. Participants and Sampling……………………………………..13

C. Data Collection Procedures…………………………………….14

D. Data Analysis Procedures………………………………………15

IV. RESULTS …………………………………………………………16

A. Descriptive Statistics…………………………………………16

B. Inferential Statistics…………………………………………17

V. DISCUSSION ………………………………………………………18

A. Interpretation of Results………………………………………18

B. Discussion of Finding s …………………………………………19

C. Implications of the Study………………………………………20

VI. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………21

A. Summary of the Study…………………………………………..21

B. Limitations of the Study……………………………………….22

C. Recommendations for Future Research……………………………..23

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….24

APPENDICES …………………………………………………………….26

As you can see, the table of contents is organized by chapters and sections. Each chapter and section is listed with its corresponding page number, making it easy for the reader to navigate the thesis.

The introduction is a critical part of a thesis as it provides an overview of the research problem, sets the context for the study, and outlines the research objectives and questions. The introduction is typically the first chapter of a thesis and serves as a roadmap for the reader.

Here’s an example of how an introduction in a thesis might look:

Introduction:

The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in recent decades, with more than one-third of adults in the United States being classified as obese. Obesity is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Despite significant efforts to address this issue, the rates of obesity continue to rise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults.

The study will be conducted using a mixed-methods approach, with both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research objectives are to:

• Examine the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults.
• Identify the key lifestyle factors that contribute to obesity in young adults.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of current interventions aimed at preventing and reducing obesity in young adults.

The research questions that will guide this study are:

• What is the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in young adults?
• Which lifestyle factors are most strongly associated with obesity in young adults?
• How effective are current interventions aimed at preventing and reducing obesity in young adults?

By addressing these research questions, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the factors that contribute to obesity in young adults and to inform the development of effective interventions to prevent and reduce obesity in this population.

A literature review is a critical analysis and evaluation of existing literature on a specific topic or research question. It is an essential part of any thesis, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the topic and helps to establish the theoretical framework for the study. The literature review allows the researcher to identify gaps in the current research, highlight areas that need further exploration, and demonstrate the importance of their research question.

April 9, 2023:

A search on Google Scholar for “Effectiveness of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic” yielded 1,540 results. Upon reviewing the first few pages of results, it is evident that there is a significant amount of literature on the topic. A majority of the studies focus on the experiences and perspectives of students and educators during the transition to online learning due to the pandemic.

One recent study published in the Journal of Educational Technology & Society (Liu et al., 2023) found that students who were already familiar with online learning tools and platforms had an easier time adapting to online learning than those who were not. However, the study also found that students who were not familiar with online learning tools were able to adapt with proper support from their teachers and institutions.

Another study published in Computers & Education (Tang et al., 2023) compared the academic performance of students in online and traditional classroom settings during the pandemic. The study found that while there were no significant differences in the grades of students in the two settings, students in online classes reported higher levels of stress and lower levels of satisfaction with their learning experience.

Methodology in a thesis refers to the overall approach and systematic process that a researcher follows to collect and analyze data in order to answer their research question(s) or achieve their research objectives. It includes the research design, data collection methods, sampling techniques, data analysis procedures, and any other relevant procedures that the researcher uses to conduct their research.

For example, let’s consider a thesis on the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers. The methodology for this thesis might involve the following steps:

Research Design:

The researcher may choose to conduct a quantitative study using a survey questionnaire to collect data on social media usage and mental health among teenagers. Alternatively, they may conduct a qualitative study using focus group discussions or interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of teenagers regarding social media and mental health.

Sampling Techniques:

The researcher may use random sampling to select a representative sample of teenagers from a specific geographic location or demographic group, or they may use purposive sampling to select participants who meet specific criteria such as age, gender, or mental health status.

Data Collection Methods:

The researcher may use an online survey tool to collect data on social media usage and mental health, or they may conduct face-to-face interviews or focus group discussions to gather qualitative data. They may also use existing data sources such as medical records or social media posts.

Data Analysis Procedures:

The researcher may use statistical analysis techniques such as regression analysis to examine the relationship between social media usage and mental health, or they may use thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns in the qualitative data.

Ethical Considerations: The researcher must ensure that their research is conducted in an ethical manner, which may involve obtaining informed consent from participants, protecting their confidentiality, and ensuring that their rights and welfare are respected.

In a thesis, the “Results” section typically presents the findings of the research conducted by the author. This section typically includes both quantitative and qualitative data, such as statistical analyses, tables, figures, and other relevant data.

Here are some examples of how the “Results” section of a thesis might look:

Example 1: A quantitative study on the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health

In this study, the author conducts a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health in a group of sedentary adults. The “Results” section might include tables showing the changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other relevant indicators in the exercise and control groups over the course of the study. The section might also include statistical analyses, such as t-tests or ANOVA, to demonstrate the significance of the results.

Example 2: A qualitative study on the experiences of immigrant families in a new country

In this study, the author conducts in-depth interviews with immigrant families to explore their experiences of adapting to a new country. The “Results” section might include quotes from the interviews that illustrate the participants’ experiences, as well as a thematic analysis that identifies common themes and patterns in the data. The section might also include a discussion of the implications of the findings for policy and practice.

A thesis discussion section is an opportunity for the author to present their interpretation and analysis of the research results. In this section, the author can provide their opinion on the findings, compare them with other literature, and suggest future research directions.

For example, let’s say the thesis topic is about the impact of social media on mental health. The author has conducted a survey among 500 individuals and has found that there is a significant correlation between excessive social media use and poor mental health.

In the discussion section, the author can start by summarizing the main findings and stating their interpretation of the results. For instance, the author may argue that excessive social media use is likely to cause mental health problems due to the pressure of constantly comparing oneself to others, fear of missing out, and cyberbullying.

Next, the author can compare their results with other studies and point out similarities and differences. They can also identify any limitations in their research design and suggest future directions for research.

For example, the author may point out that their study only measured social media use and mental health at one point in time, and it is unclear whether one caused the other or whether there are other confounding factors. Therefore, they may suggest longitudinal studies that follow individuals over time to better understand the causal relationship.

Writing a conclusion for a thesis is an essential part of the overall writing process. The conclusion should summarize the main points of the thesis and provide a sense of closure to the reader. It is also an opportunity to reflect on the research process and offer suggestions for further study.

Here is an example of a conclusion for a thesis:

After an extensive analysis of the data collected, it is evident that the implementation of a new curriculum has had a significant impact on student achievement. The findings suggest that the new curriculum has improved student performance in all subject areas, and this improvement is particularly notable in math and science. The results of this study provide empirical evidence to support the notion that curriculum reform can positively impact student learning outcomes.

In addition to the positive results, this study has also identified areas for future research. One limitation of the current study is that it only examines the short-term effects of the new curriculum. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of the new curriculum on student performance, as well as investigate the impact of the curriculum on students with different learning styles and abilities.

Overall, the findings of this study have important implications for educators and policymakers who are interested in improving student outcomes. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of a new curriculum can have a positive impact on student achievement, and it is recommended that schools and districts consider curriculum reform as a means of improving student learning outcomes.

References in a thesis typically follow a specific format depending on the citation style required by your academic institution or publisher.

Below are some examples of different citation styles and how to reference different types of sources in your thesis:

In-text citation format: (Author, Year)

Reference list format for a book: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith, 2010) Reference list entry: Smith, J. D. (2010). The art of writing a thesis. Cambridge University Press.

Reference list format for a journal article: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown, 2015) Reference list entry: Brown, E., Smith, J., & Johnson, L. (2015). The impact of social media on academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 393-407.

In-text citation format: (Author page number)

Works Cited list format for a book: Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith 75) Works Cited entry: Smith, John D. The Art of Writing a Thesis. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Works Cited list format for a journal article: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal, volume number, issue number, date, pages.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown 394) Works Cited entry: Brown, Elizabeth, et al. “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance.” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 108, no. 3, 2015, pp. 393-407.

Chicago Style

In-text citation format: (Author year, page number)

Bibliography list format for a book: Author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

Example: In-text citation: (Smith 2010, 75) Bibliography entry: Smith, John D. The Art of Writing a Thesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Bibliography list format for a journal article: Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, no. issue number (date): page numbers.

Example: In-text citation: (Brown 2015, 394) Bibliography entry: Brown, Elizabeth, John Smith, and Laura Johnson. “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance.” Journal of Educational Psychology 108, no. 3 (2015): 393-407.

Reference list format for a book: [1] A. A. Author, Title of Book. City of Publisher, Abbrev. of State: Publisher, year.

Example: In-text citation: [1] Reference list entry: A. J. Smith, The Art of Writing a Thesis. New York, NY: Academic Press, 2010.

Reference list format for a journal article: [1] A. A. Author, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Month year.

Example: In-text citation: [1] Reference list entry: E. Brown, J. D. Smith, and L. Johnson, “The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance,” Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 393-407, Mar. 2015.

An appendix in a thesis is a section that contains additional information that is not included in the main body of the document but is still relevant to the topic being discussed. It can include figures, tables, graphs, data sets, sample questionnaires, or any other supplementary material that supports your thesis.

Here is an example of how you can format appendices in your thesis:

• Title page: The appendix should have a separate title page that lists the title, author’s name, the date, and the document type (i.e., thesis or dissertation). The title page should be numbered as the first page of the appendix section.
• Table of contents: If you have more than one appendix, you should include a separate table of contents that lists each appendix and its page number. The table of contents should come after the title page.
• Appendix sections: Each appendix should have its own section with a clear and concise title that describes the contents of the appendix. Each section should be numbered with Arabic numerals (e.g., Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.). The sections should be listed in the table of contents.
• Formatting: The formatting of the appendices should be consistent with the rest of the thesis. This includes font size, font style, line spacing, and margins.
• Example: Here is an example of what an appendix might look like in a thesis on the topic of climate change:

Appendix 1: Data Sources

This appendix includes a list of the primary data sources used in this thesis, including their URLs and a brief description of the data they provide.

Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire

This appendix includes the survey questionnaire used to collect data from participants in the study.

Appendix 3: Additional Figures

This appendix includes additional figures that were not included in the main body of the thesis due to space limitations. These figures provide additional support for the findings presented in the thesis.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Approved Uniform Format for Synopses

All Synopses should be headed by a concise, specific, and informative title. It must be grammatically correct and should convey to the reader the nature of the work to be carried out. The title should be in capital words (Times New Roman 14 Normal). The title must be followed by the University Monogram (Dimension Horizontal.1.25; Vertical, 1.5) followed by research scholar name (Times New 12 Normal Capital Words), supervisor name, co-supervisor name (if any)—Times New Roman 12 capital words— along with work address and affiliations (in case of  co-supervisor) in case of supervisor no need to mention work address and affiliations, followed by Graduate Studies Committee (Times New Roman 14 Normal capital letters,) Signature columns for Convener, and members of Graduate Studies Committee (Times New Roman 12 Normal small letters), followed by address of Department/Institute/Centre where the students are enrolled along with the session (Times New Roman 16 bold)

Margins are detailed as under

             Top Margin: 1.0 inch

            Bottom margin: 1.0 inch

            Left Margin: 1.5inch

            Right Margin: 1.0 inch

Page 1: Text Layout

             The title must be provided on the first line below the page header.

All materialmust be typed (12-point font, Times New Roman) and double- spaced on A-4 size paper.

The text should be provided under headings, namely:Introduction, Aims and Objectives, Methodology/Plan of Work, and References. Headings and sub-headings for different sections should be clearly indicated. Abbreviations used in the text, and must be clearly defined in full on the first use.Synopsis should be properly paginated (in the upper right-head corner of each page).

Introduction ( Times New Roman 12 bold)

Each synopsis should have a brief introduction. The introduction should provide a critical analysis of the available and appropriate literature to identify an objective whose accomplishment will provide a significant contribution to the  field, i.e. the work may either provide something new to the field or will improve upon the existing knowledge or develop a new methodology or device having major advantages over those already known.

Aims and Objectives ( Times New Roman 12 bold)

            Significance of the study and their importance must be provided. This section must be      easily understandable for layman. When aims and objectives are more than one, they       should be numbered in Roman Numerals, i.e. i, ii, iii, and so on.

Methodology/Plan of Work( Times New Roman 12 bold)

This part of synopsis should contain how a scholar will conduct the experimental work/survey/interviews etc. which type of instrument will be used and under which condition the research would be carried out. How the scholar will optimized various conditions and problems encountered during the study would be addressed.

Further subtopics may be added if the scholar wants.

Socio Economic Benefit/ Significance of the outcomes  (Time New Roman 12 bold)

The scholar will explain the Socio Economic Benefit of the research or the significance of its expected outcome.

References ( Times New Roman 12 bold)

• One style of the referencesi.eAPA or Turabianshould be followed,that shall be decided by the Department to select any of the aforementioned styles.
• Collect references in a list under the heading “References “at the end of the text. They should not be treated as footnotes.
• Do not leave blank lines between references.
• Verify the accuracy of all reference before citation.
• Unnecessarily long list of reference should be avoided.

News & Events

WALK-IN INTERVIEW:Women University, Swabi intends to hire highly skilled teachers on Visiting Basis in the Department of Public Health & Informatics . Candidates fulfilling the required criteria are invited to appear before the Selection Committee for interview/demonstration, on Friday, April 19, 2024 at 10:00am in the Committee Room, Main Campus Women University, Swabi. (Dated: 15-04-2024)

WALK-IN INTERVIEW For The Post Of Driver On Daily Wages Basis As Per The Criteria In The Advertisment. Interested Candidates Are Required To Bring Attested Photocopies Of Educational Testimonials, Experience Certificates,One Recent Photograph Along With Original Documents On Thursday, April 18, 2024 At 11:00 Am, Main Campus, Kotha. (Dated: 15-04-2024)

Dr. Hamid Rahman, Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Mathematics & Statistics Published a research paper in “Ocean Engineering” journal entitled “Aerodynamic characteristics and wake formation behind a pair of side-by-side rectangular cylinders using the lattice Boltzmann method”. IF = 5. (Dated: 15-04-2024)

STATUS OF THE APPLICANTS DECLARED ELIGIBLE/INELIGIBLE BY THE APPELLETTE COMMITTEE CONSTITUTED FOR THE REGULAR ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS BPS 17 & 18 VIDE ADVERTISEMENT NUMBER 01/2019 & NO.04/2020 (Dated: 01-04-2024)

Register Now: USAID’s Higher Education System Strengthening Activity (HESSA) is organizing the 6th webinar on Climate Resilience in Pakistan, on March 26, 2024, 11:00AM. (Dated: 22-03-2024)

Date Sheet for B.A/B.SC 2022 Written Examination (Theory) starting 18th April 2024. (Dated: 22-03-2024)

Dr. Gulab Said, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, published a research paper in journal of “Natural Product Research”, entitled, “Design, semi-synthesis of soft coral-derived Aspergillus sp. secondary metabolite geodin derivatives and their antibacterial activities”. IF = 2.488 (Dated: 11-03-2024)

Ms. Hina Bakhtiar, Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, WUS has published a research paper titled "Mathematical modeling of cholera dynamics with intrinsic growth considering constant interventions" with impact factor 4.6 . (Dated: 27-02-2024)

Women University Swabi introduces online Fee collection facility through your Bank Mobile Application . Now you can deposit your Semester Fee Online using Bank Mobile application or any other online Transfer mode. For Detail click here. (Dated: 12-10-2023)

Chancellor Message

Education and research act as a scaffold for the uplift and progress of nations. We, as nation, need to produce research driven universities with commitment to excellence in research and education. The Women University, Swabi is determined to achieve the mission of research driven University, while producing female scholars .......

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Welcome to Women University Swabi, a university that is committed to empower women through higher education and provide them opportunities to work in a wide array of settings such as education, business, industry, health, and social services sectors. To me, the job of a university is not only to produce degree holders and commercially marketable human resources, but I believe it is more than that.......

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Dr. Abdul Waheed Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science, Women University Swabi, Published a research article in the Journal of Sensors having an impact factor 2.336.

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Thesis Format

Formatting restrictions.

The format of a thesis should be agreed to in the earlier states of writing by the department, supervisor and candidate. If any changes are made later on they must be agreed to once again by all three parties.

The thesis must be limited to 100,000 words of text (excluding appendices, footnotes and bibliographies). Illustrative materials (such as maps, computer disks and CD's) may be submitted with the thesis, either be bound with the thesis or placed in a pocket inside the cover. Extra large or bulky material may be bound separately as an appendix.

More information regarding writing and formatting your thesis is available on the Library website .

Candidates should try to stick to the following guidelines while writing their thesis:

• Use a 12pt serif font, such a Palatino, Times or Cambria for the main text.
• Use a sans serif font, such as Arial or Calibri, for headings and subheadings.
• Leaving 1.5 spacing between lines.

Page Numbers

• Consecutively number the pages, as well any additional sheets, tables, maps and appendices you might include.
• Center the page numbers at the top or bottom of the page, or keep them flush with the outer text margin. Make sure that you keep them within the binding margins.
• Number preliminary pages (i.e. contents, acknowledgements etc.) using lower case Roman numerals, and main text using Arabic numerals.
• Clearly identify the location of any figures you inset in the text, e.g. facing p. 42 or between pp. 42 and 43.
• Use numerals for percentages, decimals, street numbers, page number and dates, and in technical or statistical discussions where groups of figures are used.
• Numbers at the beginning of a sentence are spelled out.

See the Library templates page for information on margins.

Theses will normally be written in English and must conform to proper standards of linguistic presentation.

Other languages

Candidates intending to write their thesis in Māori should, early in candidature, contact the Graduate Research School for advice.

Candidates wishing to write their thesis in a language other than English or Maori will need to seek approval, at the time of admission, from the Graduate Research Committee. Such approval will only be given in exceptional circumstances.

Citing of References

There are three principal methods of citing references in a text:

• the author-date
• the reference-number system.

Candidates should consult their supervisor as to the method favoured in their subject area. There are particular rules for each, and it is important to be consistent in the application of the method that is used.

Footnotes may be used for purposes other than citing references, namely to provide cross-references, to acknowledge indebtedness and to explain or supplement material that is included in the text.

Bibliographic style is important, and considerable time will be saved if all the necessary data for each citation are collected at the time of consulting the works concerned. Various styles are acceptable; the important point again to remember, is that having decided on a particular style, candidates should retain this style throughout the bibliography.

The Library contains various authorities for consultation on styles of footnoting and bibliographies .

Plagiarism (including being party to someone else's plagiarism) is a form of dishonest practice. It is defined as copying or paraphrasing another's work , whether intentionally or otherwise, and presenting it as one's own .

In practice this means that plagiarism includes:

• copying or cutting and pasting text from others without using quotation marks or block quotes to identify that text, nor clearly indicating the source (this includes paper and electronic sources)
• copying visual materials, images and/or physical objects without clearly indicating the source
• using poor paraphrasing of sentences or whole passages without referencing the original work
• using another person's ideas, work or research data without acknowledgment
• copying computer files or computer code without clearly indicating their origin
• submitting another student's work in whole or in part, where this is not specifically permitted in the course outline
• submitting work that has been written by someone else on a student's behalf
• resubmitting portions of previously submitted work without indicating the source.

Thesis candidates should note that the Introduction/Literature Review in their thesis must demonstrate evidence of their own scholarly work. In a PhD thesis, the Literature Review goes beyond a mere literature 'survey' and candidates should avoid therefore the temptation of merely regurgitating the work of others or of piecing together sections of the work of others into a new whole. Research is not summarising or repeating uncritically the ideas of others.

Candidates should also be extremely cautious about depending heavily on review articles for their Literature Review. While these are often very helpful, they can also lead to undue reliance upon both the ideas and actual words of other workers. Candidates have a responsibility to be aware of acceptable academic practice in relation to the use of material prepared by others, and for taking all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that no breach of acceptable practice occurs.

Any candidate found responsible for plagiarism shall be subject to the University's Student Academic Misconduct Procedures , which may result in various penalties including, in extreme cases, exclusion from the University.

Inclusion of Material from Published Papers

The University of Otago encourages publishing during candidature for doctoral degrees, and the inclusion of published work, and/or work submitted for publication, where appropriate. Such published material must have been prepared during the candidate's enrolment in the research degree. The submission of papers for publication during the course of thesis research assists the candidate's progress, it clarifies for the candidate the objectives and discipline-specific requirements for presentation of the research, it assists the candidate in future careers, it contributes to the University's research effort, and it provides quality assurance that helps the candidate and the supervisor establish the academic integrity of the research.

If candidates are planning to include published material in a thesis, they should discuss the most appropriate format for this with their supervisors, and check the Guidelines for the Inclusion of Material from a Research Candidate's Publications in their Thesis. Two formats are commonly used for including published material in a University of Otago thesis:

• a hybrid thesis format, whereby published material is inserted either wholly or partially as chapters or sections in the thesis (usually with modification to ensure an integrated and coherent body of work); or
• a thesis with publications appended, whereby published material is not included in the body of the thesis but is appended to the thesis in an unmodified format.

For the PhD and professional doctorates, the University of Otago does not offer a formal 'thesis by publication' option, whereby the thesis is composed solely of a portfolio of publications.

Proof-Reading of Theses Guidelines

Doctoral candidates may use a third party as a proof-reader at any stage during their candidature provided that certain Proof-reading Guidelines are followed.

News and Events

Quantification lists of applicants for administrative positions advertised via no. (2-2)-2024.

April 23, 2024

RESULT of the Screening Test for the Positions Advertised Vide No. (2-2)-2024

April 17, 2024

Screening Test for Positions Advertised Vide No. (2-2)-2024

April 03, 2024

Notification for B.A/ B.Sc Supplementary 2022

April 01, 2024

Tender Notice

March 27, 2024

Appellate Committee’s Decisions on Appeals Received against Scrutiny Decisions on Applications for Posts Advertised vide No. (2-2)-2024

Our vision & mission.

The University of Swabi aspires to be the leading university among the newly established universities of Pakistan, renowned and recognized around the world for offering extensive academic and professional programs of the ultimate quality, for its idiosyncratic ..... Read More>>

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News Archives

Minutes of pre-bid meeting.

March 25, 2024

Provisional Lists of Eligible & Ineligible Candidates for Positions Advertised Vide No. (2-2)-2024

March 15, 2024

Quantification List of Candidates for Faculty Positions Advertised vide No. (2-7)-2022

February 27, 2024

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Discover The Campus

University of Swabi was established in 2012 with the mission to advance knowledge and learning through quality research and education for the whole nation. Currently, the university comprises of two campuses, old campus and main campus having a combined area of 188 acres nears M1 Motorway.

There are 27 Academic Departments at University of Swabi. Currently more than 4000 students are enrolled in BS, Masters and MS/MPhil degree programs. There are one Boy’s, one Girl's and one Staff Hostel at the campus. The Central Library consists of more than 20,000 books of different disciplines.

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