topics for presentation in pharmacy

APhA’s Hot Topics in Pharmacy Education Webinar Series

Learn about the latest top issues and priorities that affect the pharmacy community..

APhA’s Hot Topics in Pharmacy Education is a series of 1-hour, live webinars, presented every month as a member-exclusive benefit, that focus on pertinent public health issues to keep pharmacists up-to-date as front-line healthcare providers.  For the most updated live webinars, please visit our  Live Activities   webpage. 

• Not a member?  Join APhA today!   **  Disclaimer: Membership will be active approximately 48 hours after the membership registration process.  If you have any questions regarding your membership status, please contact  [email protected] .
• Missed the live webinar?    See below for 2020 Hot Topics e-learning offerings. Starting in 2021, you can find all our e-learning offerings in the  APhA Education Library , by searching  Hot Topic.
• Want more?  Check out APhA's Quick Quizzes for an additional 0.5 CPE credits. You can locate these in the  APhA Education Library , by searching  Quick Quiz

Hot Topics E-Learning

The Hot Topic webinars are recorded and are available  exclusively  to APhA members** as an e-learning activity for 30 days.  Thereafter, the e-learning activity will become available to non-members at a cost of $129. Not a member?  Join APhA today for free access to Hot Topic Webinars !   See below for the archived webinars. 

2020 Hot Topic Recorded Webinars

Time’s Up: Sexual Harassment in Pharmacy Practice  -  Pharmacists with experience in the field explain what sexual harassment is, provide personal accounts and examples of sexual harassment in pharmacy practice, and describe strategies that can be used to create a safer working environment.

COVID-19 Testing: Understanding the Different Types of Tests and the Role of the Pharmacy Team  -  During this session, Saswat Kabisatpathy, PharmD, discusses the importance of the COVID-19 testing, the role pharmacy team can play in getting patients appropriately tested, and opportunities for reimbursement.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Patients and their Providers  -  Jeffery Gold, PharmD, BCPP, n expert in the field, discusses the potential psychological impact of COVID-19 using the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and provides recommendations to meet the needs of patients..

Turning Down the Heat: Strategies to Manage Workplace Stress and Pharmacist Well-Being  -  This session provides an overview of the stressors pharmacists often face and evidence to support individual- and organizational-focused interventions. Practical strategies for managing workplace stress are also provided.

Pharmacists on the Frontlines: A Pandemic Response to COVID-19  -  Nayan Patel, PharmD, an expert in community pharmacy, will discuss effective pandemic preparedness strategies for healthcare providers.

Pharmacists on High Alert for Human Trafficking  -  Hannah Van Ochten, PharmD and Laura C. Palombi, PharmD, MPH, MAT, discuss how pharmacists can be utilized to detect trafficking victims and recommend ways to safely intervene. 

Precision Medicine: Your Guide to Incorporating Precision Medicine Into Your Pharmacy Practice Setting  -  Amina Abubakar, PharmD, AAHIVP, an expert in the field will discuss how a patient’s gene makeup can impact drug metabolism, and how pharmacists may be able to incorporate findings from pharmacogenomic testing in their patient care services.

Community Champions: Social Determinants of Health and Pharmacy Practice  -  Tripp Logan, PharmD, a community pharmacy champion who has overcome the challenges associated with social determinants of health will lay out the ground of optimizing pharmacist patient care services.

S tart a Conversation to Address Anxiety and Panic Attacks  -  Julie A. Dopheide, PharmD, BCPP, FASHP discusses the many facets of anxiety and panic attacks as well as strategies for screening, destigmatizing the condition, and engaging in difficult conversations with a patient.

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2021 Poster Presentations

Original Research Posters

Pharmacist Medication Review: An Integrated Team Approach to Service Home-Based Primary Care Patients Submitting Author: Michele Monzon-Kenneke, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP - Clinical Pharmacist - Northwestern Medicine For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Paul Chiang, MD - Physician - Northwestern Medicine   Mark Greg, PharmD - Clinical Pharmacist - Northwestern Medicine

View larger Poster

Evaluation of Burnout Among Illinois Pharmacists Submitting Author: Jennifer D. Arnoldi, PharmD, BCPS, Clinical Associate Professor, SIUE School of Pharmacy For questions: [email protected]

Incidence of Hypoglycemia Using 5 Units verus 10 Units of Regular Insulin in the Treatment of Hyperkalemia Patients in the Emergency Department Submitting Author: Yetunde Adebusayo Ademoyo Pharm.D UIC College of Pharmacy, PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Resident, Memorial Medical Center Springfield IL For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Megan Allen PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacist,  Memorial Medical Center Springfield IL Michael Guithues PharmD, BCPS, ED Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Memorial Medical Center Spring Field IL Don Ferrill PharmD BCPS, Residency Director, Memorial Medical Center Springfield IL Maithili Deshpande PhD, Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Assessment of Medication History Accuracy and Completeness at Admission Submitting Author: Alexander Thorp, PharmD PGY1 Pharmacy Resident Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy at Rockford For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Jeremy Kosacz, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist SwedishAmerican Hospital Thomas Carey, PharmD Director of Pharmacy SwedishAmerican Hospital Eva Morrison, PharmD Inpatient Pharmacy Manager SwedishAmerican Hospital Christopher Schriever, PharmD, MS, AAHIVP Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy PGY1 Pharmacy Residency Program Director Annette Hays, PharmD, BCPS, CDCES Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy UIC College of Pharmacy at Rockford PGY1 Pharmacy Residency Program Coordinator

Comparison of a Centralized versus Decentralized Pharmacy Workflow in a COVID-19 Vaccination Clinic Submitting Author: Ashley Walter, PharmD, HSHS St. Elizabeth's Hospital For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Joshua M. Schmees, PharmD; HSHS Pharmacy Informaticist, Pharmacy Informatics Residency Program Director; HSHS St. Elizabeth's Hospital Julia K. Schimmelpfennig, PharmD, MS, BCPS, CDE; Pharmacy Director; HSHS St. Elizabeth's Hospital   Dawn M. Dankenbring, PharmD, BCPS; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, PGY-1 Pharmacy Residency Program Director; HSHS St. Elizabeth's Hospital Reina S. Shimozono, PharmD, BCPS; SEO Pharmacy Informaticist/Epic Willow Pharmacist; HSHS St. Elizabeth's Hospital

Assessment of Patient-Specific Risk Factors and Number of Medication Inconsistencies in a Primary Care Setting using Multidisciplinary Medication Reconciliation Submitting Author: Ashley Stefanski, PharmD** For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Edward Foley, MD* Parth Patel, PharmD Candidate 2021** Juhi Buch, PharmD Candidate 2022** Doan Ly, PharmD Candidate 2022** Vivian Harvey, MD* Madeline Knott, MD* Daniel Majerczyk, PharmD, BCPS, BC-ADM, CACP*,** * Loyola Medicine MacNeal Family Medicine Clinic ** Roosevelt University College of Science, Health, and Pharmacy

Encore Posters

Virtual Medication Tour with a Pharmacist as part of a Cystic Fibrosis Telehealth Clinic Submitting Author: Shannon Rotolo, PharmD, BCPS University of Chicago Medicine For questions: [email protected]

Additional Author: Nicole Warda, BS, PharmD candidate 2021 University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy

Impact of an Embedded Pharmacist on Diabetes Control in a Primary Care Practice Submitting Author: Imran Khan, Pharm.D. Clinical Pharmacist, Ambulatory Pharmacy Care Management Northwestern Medicine For questions: [email protected]

Additional Author: Therese Castrogiovanni, Pharm.D, CDCES Clinical Pharmacist RMG Wheaton Internal Medicine

Identification of Patient Factors Predictive of Naloxone Prescription: A Retrospective Cohort Study Submitting Author: Elizabeth Eastman, PharmD Candidate For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Riley Skube, PharmD Candidate, Timothy Cruz, PharmD, Christopher Herndon, PharmD, BCACP

Student Posters

Synthesis of Truncated, Methanethiosulfonate-containing Analogues of ACHN-975 Submitting Author: Parth Shah, PharmD Candidate For questions: [email protected]

Additional Author: Raniah Kareem, Advisor: Margaret E. Olson, PhD

Rocuronium vs Succinylcholine in the Traumatically Injured Brain: A Prospective, Pilot Study Submitting Author: Nadine Alwawi, PharmD Candidate Rosalind Franklin University College of Pharmacy For questions: [email protected]

Additional Authors: Lauren Stambolic, PharmD Advocate Christ Medical Center Marc McDowell, PharmD, BCPS, Advocate Christ Medical Center Sabrin Jaber, PharmD, Stanford University Medical Center Brook Walsh, PharmD, Little Company of Mary Hospital Ellen Omi, MD, Advocate Christ Medical Center Robert Mokszycki, PharmD, BCPS, University of Massachusetts

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How to prepare and deliver pharmacy presentations

Affiliation.

• 1 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, PA 19104.
• PMID: 1716856

Advice to pharmacists on the preparation and delivery of oral presentations is given. First, a topic must be selected that is appropriate for the speaker, the audience, and the situation or occasion. The audience's educational level, prior knowledge of the topic, and beliefs or attitudes toward the topic must be considered, as well as the time allotted. A title should be chosen to succinctly describe the presentation and to arouse interest. Next, the information should be organized into an outline. Preparing learning objectives helps to identify concepts that the speaker should emphasize; the objectives can also be used to assess the audience's knowledge after the presentation. Visual aids should be prepared in draft form before the text is written, so that the oral presentation will expand upon material presented through the visual aids. Guidelines are given for preparing and presenting overhead transparencies and slides. Although no more than 25% of the speaker's allotted time should be spent on the introduction and conclusion, the introduction is crucial because it must tell the audience the purpose and the topics to be covered, as well as stimulate the listeners' interest. The conclusion should summarize and clarify the information and answer any questions posed in the introduction. Delivery involves effective use of eye contact and body language. The presentation should be spoken in a voice that is intelligible and uses appropriate stress, variation, quality, and pace. Tips for polishing and rehearsing the presentation are given. Pharmacists can enhance communication with an audience by paying close attention to topic selection, organization, visual aids, preparation of the text, and methods for effective delivery.

• Audiovisual Aids
• Communication*
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• Professional Competence*
• Teaching / methods*

7 Tips to Deliver a Successful Presentation

Presentations can be nerve-racking, but with the right tools, they can be mastered

Presentations can be nerve-racking, but with the right tools, they can be mastered.

Here are a few tips for pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists:

1 . Practice

Presenting to yourself ahead of time will build your confidence, help you become more familiar with the material, and calm your nerves. When you hear yourself speaking out loud, you can vary your tone and speed to get through the slide deck in the allocated time while emphasizing specific words you want to get across to the audience.

Once you’ve practiced on your own a few times, present it to a peer for feedback.

2. Check Content and Format

First, have a title slide with your name, in case your audience didn’t catch it when you introduced yourself.

Second, have clear objectives with your audience in mind. Ask yourself, “What are the main things I want them to learn from this?” Those focused objective points should act as checkpoints in relating information while making the presentation clear and simple.

Third, your slides should be organized with bullet points, easy to read with a minimum size 24 font, straight to the point, and logically presented. Try to avoid overcrowding, small font, and typos because they can distract your audience.

Fourth, incorporate images, tables, or diagrams as appropriate to engage your audience. Constant text on a screen can become repetitive and boring.

3 . Use Appropriate Presenting Style

Know what you’re talking about

Choose a topic you’re interested in so you appear enthusiastic and well informed, but don’t read each slide word for word. Good presenters can glance at a point made on a slide and expand from there while still reiterating the information presented. This will demonstrate you’re comfortable and knowledgeable about the subject.

Connect with the audience through sound

Your audience members may not always look at you, but they’re still listening. Enunciating words appropriately and varying your speed and volume can help refocus them while emphasizing certain points. Whenever you’re collecting your thoughts, try to substitute an “um” with a brief pause.

Stand with confidence

Your posture and demeanor should be professional and exude confidence. Try to keep your shoulders up and relaxed with a straight back. Avoid leaning on walls or resting elbows on a podium, as this can convey disinterest.

Make eye contact

This is an important way to connect with audience members, gain feedback on whether they’re interested or bored, and re-engage them as best as you can.

4 . Ask Questions

Ask questions throughout the presentation, or at least at the end of it. This is a nice addition to promote audience engagement and re-enforce your objectives or important information.

Sometimes, you may forget that when you’re giving a presentation, you’re still in a conversation that’s simply using different forms of communication. In a typical conversation, one individual speaks while another listens. With that said, the audience gives you plenty of time to speak, so you must give them a turn.

Be open to hearing their thoughts, especially in a nonaggressive way. Put yourself in their shoes and answer their questions in a way you’d want a presenter to answer yours. If you don’t know the answer to a question, be honest about it.

5 . Provide References

At the end of your slide deck, make sure to include sources used and cite them properly with AMA, MLA, or any appropriate citation format. This helps demonstrate professionalism and prevent plagiarism.

The font for references may be smaller than the rest of your slides, and subscripts can be used throughout to indicate a specific reference if needed. Make sure to also cite images and tables appropriately.

6. Be Prepared

Night before

It’s always better to be safe than sorry when presenting because you never know what may happen. Put your presentation on a USB and check to make sure the file is there. You may also want to e-mail the presentation to yourself as backup.

First impressions matter and can make a big impact, so plan to arrive early, smile, introduce yourself, and dress professionally.

7 . Calm Your Nerves

Here are some quick pointers to try:

• The night before or early before presenting, watch a funny video clip or read an inspirational quote to help dissipate your nerves.
• Give yourself a quick motivational pep talk in the mirror, like, “I can do this and will do this.”
• Listen to an upbeat song or your favorite one.

Overall, you want to put yourself into a good mood and positive attitude where you aren’t thinking about how nervous you are.

Pharmacy Focus: Community Pharmacy's Role in Social Determinants of Health

Culturally Competent Care Creates a Safe Space for a Better Patient Experience

Pharmacy Focus: Policy Edition - Discussing the DRUG Act and PBM Reform

Community Pharmacists Tackle Asthma Medication Adherence

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Pharmacy Topics

Developed in partnership with the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) , the Pharmacy Topics section contains links to various disease state / practice area articles and resources. The articles consist of peer-reviewed pharmacy related journal articles, abstracts or references supporting the impact of pharmacists in the pharmacy and healthcare setting. The resources contain topic specific information to assist pharmacists. If you find a link to any of the resources shown below no longer exists, or would like to recommend a resource for this section, please contact us .

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Pharmacy Students: Year 3: Make a Poster

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Poster Samples & Sharing

Search these sites to get ideas on how posters are presented within your discipline.

Also, if you upload your poster to one of these sites you can provide handouts or bookmarks with links to the electronic version of your poster at the conference, and keep your work accessible long after the conference.

• Faculty of 1000 Research Posters Open access repository for posters and slide presentations across biology and medicine.
• eposters Open-access journal that provides free access to over 1,800 scientific and medical posters presented at conferences from around the world.
• FigShare This link opens in a new window figshare allows users to upload any file format so that scholarly information can be disseminated electronically.

Designing a Research Poster

The following resources provide guidance on the poster creation process .

• ACP American College of Physicians - Preparing a Poster Presentation This article addresses poster planning, production, and presentation.

• Makesigns Scientific Poster Tutorial Step-by-step guide to poster design and creation.

These resources can be used to obtain copyright compliant images .  Image resolution will vary.

• USC Academic Unit Logotypes University approved logos.
• Open-i - Open Access Biomedical Image Search Engine This link opens in a new window Open-i searches for images in all Open Access articles indexed in PubMed Central. Search over 600,000 copyright compliant images by keyword, topic, or image to find relevant or visually similar images.
• Pixabay This link opens in a new window Repository of free, high quality, copyright compliant images. Begin typing "medical" into the search box. Click dropdown menu to filter by image type. Sign up for free account to download images.
• Wikimedia Commons This link opens in a new window A database of freely usable, high resolution image files.
• Google Images This link opens in a new window For copyright compliant images: type in keywords, click "Search tools", click on "Usage rights" dropdown menu, select from the "Labeled for reuse" options.
• Multimedia Resources (in the Health Sciences) Guide Find videos, audio clips, images, and cases to use in education.

Working with images

• Tips for working with images in Publisher Vendor tips for working with images in Publisher. Includes content about image size, resolution, file formats, and refining.
• Photoshop isn’t the only solution: 5 best programs for resizing images This article provides step-by-step instructions on how to upsample images using Photoshop, GIMP, Windows Live Photo Gallery, Preview, and Pixlr.

Image Manipulation Guidelines

Low resolution images may be manipulated to improve print quality, however you want to proceed with caution when it comes to images that represent research data.

• Rossner, M., & Yamada, K. (2004). What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. The Journal of Cell Biology, 11-15. PMID: 15240566 This article provides specific guidelines on the do's and dont's of image manipulation in scientific publishing in order to ensure the integrity of your data.

Poster Sample / Tips

Diagram image citation:  Blausen.com staff. " Blausen gallery 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/ wjm /2014.010. ISSN 20018762. (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

• Scientific Conference Posters - Webinar This video provides an overview of some tools, resources and key elements to creating a conference poster. Content covers software, general content, design tips, provides image resources, and tips for improved print quality. ~35 min.
• Conference Poster Click here to download a pdf copy of the poster above.
• Scientific Posters PPT slides Click here to download video PPT slides.

Click on chart to access online.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/new-pastpresentfuture/3800240305 /

• Psychology of Color This site provides information on the meaning of color and how it is perceived.
• The Art of Color Coordination How to combine colors in order to have a positive effect on your audience.

Upsampling images in Photoshop

Through a process called upsampling , you can add pixels to low resolution images , and thereby improve the print quality . The short video below demonstrates how to upsample images in Photoshop .

Final Checklist

https://www.acponline.org/system/files/documents/education_recertification/education/program_directors/abstracts/prepare/poster_checklist.pdf

Universal Design

Universal Design is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people, regardless of their age, size or disability. 

• Equal Access: Universal Design of Conference Exhibits and Presentations A checklist for making conference exhibits and presentations welcoming and accessible to everyone.

Microsoft Publisher Tutorials

The following resources provide guidance on how to use Microsoft Publisher . Resources at the top provide step-by-step guidance about poster creation. Links at the bottom provide general guidance on using Publisher.

• Microsoft Publisher: Conference Poster Sessions University of Liverpool's Microsoft Publisher software video tutorial. Step-by-step demonstration of the key features used to create a poster. Applicable to Publisher 2010, 2013, and 2016. Run time ~12 min.
• Publisher 2016 Essential Training Training videos via Lynda.com that offer in-depth instruction to Publisher 2016.
• Text wrapping in Publisher Guide on how to wrap text around images in Publisher.

PowerPoint Templates & Tutorials

Links to freely available PowerPoint conference poster templates , and guidance for specific software features relevant to poster creation . 

• PhD Posters - Power Point Template Files PPT templates in a variety of sizes. Packed with helpful tips and easy to customize.
• Mega Print Inc - Free Powerpoint Scientific Research Poster Templates PowerPoint® 2007-2013 templates in a variety of sizes.
• Colin Purrington's PPT Poster Templates Free PPT templates and poster making tips.
• Using grids in PowerPoint Guide on how to set up grids in PPT for better content alignment.
• Creating a Poster in PowerPoint 2010 Eastern Michigan University's detailed guide to creating a poster in PowerPoint.

Other Software

Graphics , such as charts and tables can easily be created in Excel .

• Creating Excel charts with the Recommended Charts feature Lynda.com video tutorial that demonstrates how to create charts in Excel 2013. Requires login.

Print Vendors

The following list is provided as a convenience , and is not meant to endorse or promote any particular vendor.

• PhD Posters Fabric or paper options. Also offers free PPT templates and many poster creation tips.
• PosterSmith Fabric posters.

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List of 200+ Healthcare & Medical Presentation Topics

This is a comprehensive list of more than 200 healthcare and Medical Presentation Topics is useful for Powerpoint PPT & Paper Presentations. These topics can be used for webinars, Seminars, conferences, oral presentations, speeches and classroom presentations

Students of MBBS, BAMS, BHMS, B Pharmacy, D Pharmacy, M Pharmacy, Bio-Technology and other medical and healthcare streams can get the benefit of this list of medical presentation topics.

Below is the list of Healthcare & Medical Topics for Presentation.

Abdominal Trauma

Abuse and Neglect

Adult Day Care

Ageing/Geriatrics

Air and community health

Airway Management and Ventilation

Allergies – Anaphylaxis

Alzheimer’s Disease

Ambulance Operations

Artificial respiration

Analysis of qualitative data

Analysis of quantitative data and approaching the families in Community

Attention Deficit Disorder

Aquatic Therapy

Assessment-Based Management

Autonomic nervous system & Peripheral nervous system

Behavioural sciences & their relevance to Community Health

Babysitting

Bacterial Vaginosis

Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders

Biochemical characteristics of cancer

Biosimulation

Bio-statistics in Health

Bioterrorism – WMD

Birth Control for Moms

Blood Borne Pathogens

Breast Cancer

Breastfeeding & weaning & Baby-Friendly Hospitals Breastfeeding promotion

Cancer/Radiation Therapy

Cardiovascular system

Case-Control Studies

Cataract Surgery

Causation & association

Central nervous system

Childhood Obesity

Children’s Health

Cholesterol

Clinical forensic medicine

Clinical Decision Making

Cohort studies

Collection of data – sampling methods, the sample size

Collection of vital statistics in the community

Commonwealth Health Corporation

Commonwealth Health Foundation

Commonwealth Health Free Clinic

Communications

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Life tables and life table techniques for evaluation of family planning methods

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Manage Kids’ Diabetes

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Protein-energy malnutrition, growth monitoring & promotion

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Sleep is the new sex

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Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Offers Option to High-Risk Surgery Patients

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Survey methods and interview techniques in community Health

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Testicular & Prostate Cancer

Tests of significance of statistical hypothesis

The next pandemic

The yogic practices

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Vaccines for All Ages

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Venous Access and Medication Administration

Waste disposal

Water and community health

When to Call 911

Women’s Health

Work Injury Management

Working environment and community health

Worksite Wellness

Xenobiotics

Yoga in health and disease

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Principles of Managed Care Pharmacy

• What is Managed Care Pharmacy? Last Reviewed March 2024
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How to Present to an Audience That Knows More Than You

• Deborah Grayson Riegel

Lean into being a facilitator — not an expert.

What happens when you have to give a presentation to an audience that might have some professionals who have more expertise on the topic than you do? While it can be intimidating, it can also be an opportunity to leverage their deep and diverse expertise in service of the group’s learning. And it’s an opportunity to exercise some intellectual humility, which includes having respect for other viewpoints, not being intellectually overconfident, separating your ego from your intellect, and being willing to revise your own viewpoint — especially in the face of new information. This article offers several tips for how you might approach a roomful of experts, including how to invite them into the discussion without allowing them to completely take over, as well as how to pivot on the proposed topic when necessary.

I was five years into my executive coaching practice when I was invited to lead a workshop on “Coaching Skills for Human Resource Leaders” at a global conference. As the room filled up with participants, I identified a few colleagues who had already been coaching professionally for more than a decade. I felt self-doubt start to kick in: Why were they even here? What did they come to learn? Why do they want to hear from me?

• Deborah Grayson Riegel is a professional speaker and facilitator, as well as a communication and presentation skills coach. She teaches leadership communication at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business and has taught for Wharton Business School, Columbia Business School’s Women in Leadership Program, and Peking University’s International MBA Program. She is the author of Overcoming Overthinking: 36 Ways to Tame Anxiety for Work, School, and Life and the best-selling Go To Help: 31 Strategies to Offer, Ask for, and Accept Help .

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Xavier university of louisiana college of pharmacy hosts 17th health disparities conference.

• 05 April 2024

  For nearly 100 years, Xavier University of Louisiana’s College of Pharmacy has remained true to its goal of eliminating health disparities. For the last 17 years, the College of Pharmacy has hosted its Health Disparities Conference to addresses community engagement, policy, practice, education workforce, and science in the hopes of promoting and achieving health equity. This year, the 17 th Health Disparities Conference will be held from April 7 - 9th at the Sheraton New Orleans. Themed “Social Detriments to Health: Reaching Equity – Let’s Talk Solutions,” the in-person conference promises to provide attendees with a multi-perspective view of concerns and issues related to health disparities and health equity while highlighting solutions that use public health approaches to achieve health equity.

The conference is hosted by Xavier University of Louisiana’s Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education (CMHDRE). Established in 2002 under the university’s College of Pharmacy, the CMHDRE’s initial focus was on the disparities among patients with diabetes and diabetes-related illnesses. As it has grown in support from faculty and staff, the center has expanded to focus on the social determinants of health, such as racism, policies, education, income, and the environment, which all contribute to health disparities. The conference seeks to share solutions to these factors to improve health outcomes.

“This conference allows us to have these important discussions around health disparities, the social detriments to health, and how we could work to achieve health equity,” said Dr. Kathleen Kennedy, Dean of Xavier’s College of Pharmacy. “Discussions about these topics are not enough; we also highlight and present solutions that can be applied. . That is what makes this conference so important.”

1Joshua Group, the conference organizer, has been helping  establishments to create events like Xavier’s Health Disparities Conference that advance health conversations to improve healthcare conditions for nearly 20 years.

“We are excited to continue to partner with clients like Xavier to bring a forward-looking educational and information gathering of experts focusing on improving health outcomes such as this one to life,” said Kermit G. Payne, President of 1Joshua Group. “Our work revolves around providing programming to address the health needs and education of underserved communities and vulnerable populations. The annual Health Disparities Conference does just that.”

Each year, the conference recognizes the achievements of Dr. John Ruffin, the founding director of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, through the John Ruffin Lecture series. The chosen lecturer is someone who champions the improvement of the health of individuals and communities by addressing issues in health policy, treatment, research and advocacy, like Dr. Ruffin. This year, the John Ruffin Lecturer will be Dr. Claudia Baquet, an affiliate professor at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and the founder of the Hope Institute, LLC. Dr. Baquet advocates for quality health care for underserved and minority communities and populations, focusing on research relating to health needs, clinical trials, and models of care. The title of Dr. Baquet’s John Ruffin Lecture will be “Achieving Health Equity through Ethical and Trustworthy Community Engagement and Partnerships.”

Those attending the conference can look forward to interactive workshops, lectures, discussions, networking events, and more with a schedule determined by each participant’s interests. Attendees will have access to key thought leaders in health disparities and health equity while participating in and interacting with sessions, presentations, research exchanges, and particular interest areas that will focus on solutions to achieve health equity. Participants will include students, pharmacists, physicians, nurses, physician assistants, health policymakers, health educators, researchers, and public health leaders whose work incorporates interdisciplinary approaches to health disparities and health justice.

“Our goal is to improve the health outcomes and the overall health of those within our communities,” said Dean Kennedy. “With conferences like this, we can discuss health disparities, what factors contribute to them, and what solutions we can employ to fix them. Only then can we work toward eliminating these health disparities and move toward achieving health equity.”

Visit the 17 th Health Disparities Conference here for more information.

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Introduction, acknowledgements:, declaration of conflicts of interest:, declaration of sources of funding:.

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‘ I think we could probably do more ’: an interview study to explore community pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives of frailty and optimising medicines use in frail older adults

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Lucy Faulkner, Carmel M Hughes, Heather E Barry, ‘ I think we could probably do more ’: an interview study to explore community pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives of frailty and optimising medicines use in frail older adults, Age and Ageing , Volume 53, Issue 5, May 2024, afae089, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae089

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Community pharmacists potentially have an important role to play in identification of frailty and delivery of interventions to optimise medicines use for frail older adults. However, little is known about their knowledge or views about this role.

To explore community pharmacists’ knowledge of frailty and assessment, experiences and contact with frail older adults, and perceptions of their role in optimising medicines use for this population.

Semi-structured interviews conducted between March and December 2020 with 15 community pharmacists in Northern Ireland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Three broad themes were generated from the data. The first, ‘awareness and understanding of frailty’, highlighted gaps in community pharmacists’ knowledge regarding presentation and identification of frailty and their reluctance to broach potentially challenging conversations with frail older patients. Within the second theme, ‘problem-solving and supporting medication use’, community pharmacists felt a large part of their role was to resolve medicines-related issues for frail older adults through collaboration with other primary healthcare professionals but feedback on the outcome was often not provided upon issue resolution. The third theme, ‘seizing opportunities in primary care to enhance pharmaceutical care provision for frail older adults’, identified areas for further development of the community pharmacist role.

This study has provided an understanding of the views and experiences of community pharmacists about frailty. Community pharmacists’ knowledge deficits about frailty must be addressed and their communication skills enhanced so they may confidently initiate conversations about frailty and medicines use with older adults.

This study describes community pharmacists’ knowledge and experiences of medicines use and frailty.

Community pharmacists frequently encounter frail older adults yet highlighted clear deficits in their knowledge and skills.

Failure to address such issues will hinder community pharmacists’ ability to optimise medicines use for frail older adults.

Frailty is a multidimensional and dynamic condition that can improve or worsen over time, caused by the accumulation of age-related defects across multiple physiological systems [ 1 , 2 ]. A decline in the body’s in-built reserve results in increased vulnerability following a seemingly innocuous ‘stressor event’, such as infection or medication change [ 1 ], negatively impacting quality of life [ 3 ] and increasing the risk of adverse outcomes including disability, falls, hospitalisation, institutionalisation and mortality [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. While frailty is closely related to ageing, it is distinct from any specific disease [ 2 ]. The reported prevalence of frailty can vary widely due to different ways in which it can be operationally defined; however, it is higher in older adults, females and nursing home residents [ 6 , 7 ]. A study by Sezgin and colleagues noted that a prodromal state (pre-frailty) is potentially reversible and may be a target for early intervention [ 8 ].

Frail older adults are exposed to greater levels of polypharmacy (commonly defined as use of ≥5 medications) than robust older adults [ 9 , 10 ], with the former reported to take over six regular medications [ 11 ]. Frailty is also more prevalent in older adults receiving polypharmacy [ 12 ], with robust older adults receiving polypharmacy reported to have significantly higher odds of developing pre-frailty [ 13 ]. Polypharmacy increases the risk of frail older adults receiving potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) [ 12 ], with anticholinergics, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sulphonylureas giving cause for concern [ 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 ]. Frailty is reported to be associated with medication-related harm, independent of polypharmacy [ 16 ]. Non-prescription medication use can also contribute to medication burden in frail and pre-frail older adults and the potential risk for negative outcomes such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), falls, hospitalisation or other medication-related harm should be considered [ 17 ]. It has been suggested that a bi-directional relationship exists between frailty and potentially inappropriate prescribing, with calls for healthcare professionals to monitor older adults for this interaction and intervene when necessary, to minimise patient harm [ 18 ]. Increasing medication burden, along with changes in physical function and cognitive abilities, may affect medication administration and adherence, particularly for frail older adults living in their own homes [ 19 , 20 ]. Medications often continue to be prescribed without thorough review [ 21 ], adding to the risk of medication-related harm, yet there is insufficient, high-quality evidence of the effectiveness of medication review for frail older adults [ 22 ].

Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals within primary care, yet their skills are perceived to be underutilised [ 23 , 24 ]. The need for early identification of frailty, followed by proactive intervention, has been emphasised [ 25–28 ]. The research team hypothesised that community pharmacists were likely to have frequent contact with frail older adults due to their medication burden and could play a key role in optimising medication use by this patient population, as highlighted by a recent systematic review [ 29 ]. However, little was known about community pharmacists’ knowledge of frailty or their views on how they may contribute to medicines optimisation for frail older adults; previous research had focused on other healthcare professionals and policymakers, and pharmacists were not included [ 30–32 ]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore community pharmacists’ knowledge of frailty, their experiences and contact with frail older adults, and their perceptions of the role they can play in optimising medicines use for frail older adults.

A qualitative descriptive approach was taken [ 33 ] whereby data were collected using one-to-one semi-structured interviews conducted with community pharmacists across Northern Ireland (NI). This study is reported in line with the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ; Supplementary File 1 ) [ 34 ].

Participant sampling and recruitment

We sought to recruit 15–20 community pharmacists, as previous studies had indicated this number was sufficient for theoretical data saturation [ 35 ]. To achieve this, several sampling and recruitment approaches were used. The first involved Pharmacy Forum NI, the professional leadership body for all pharmacists in NI. Pharmacy Forum NI facilitated sampling through their bi-monthly newsletter, which is emailed to all current registrants of the Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland (PSNI; the regulatory body for pharmacists in NI). A short description of the study was included in the February 2020 newsletter. The second approach involved the Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) School of Pharmacy Undergraduate Placement Network. This comprises 141 ‘Student Training Centre’ pharmacies, which allow undergraduate pharmacy students to undertake placements throughout their degree. Community pharmacies within this network were contacted by email in March 2020 by the network co-ordinator with a short description of the study. As the research team did not have access to the mailing lists used in either sampling approach, a statement was included in the email asking those who had already responded to the piece in the Pharmacy Forum NI newsletter to ignore the invitation. In both approaches, pharmacists interested in participating in the study were directed to a link for a short survey. In this, they were asked to provide information about the length of time they had been working as a community pharmacist, the geographical location and type of community pharmacy in which they worked, and their contact details. The researcher (LF) used this information to purposively sample pharmacists to ensure the resultant sample was diverse and reflected community pharmacists and pharmacies across NI. Those potentially interested in participating in the study were sent an information pack (comprising an invitation letter and information sheet) and followed up after 1 week.

Snowball sampling was also used, where recruited participants were asked to identify other community pharmacist colleagues who may have been interested in participating in the study. This sampling approach proved helpful in recruiting participants from an increasingly hard-to-reach population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Data collection

Interviews were conducted by one researcher (LF; a female postgraduate research student trained in qualitative methods) between March and December 2020. The first interview was conducted face-to-face. However, due to COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, subsequent interviews were conducted by telephone. The interview topic guide ( Supplementary File 2 ) was developed based on published literature, current frailty guidelines and discussions within the research team to agree content [ 25–28 , 30–32 ]. Participants were asked to focus on community dwelling frail older adults rather than those living in long-term care settings. Initial questions explored participants’ knowledge of frailty and the health domains they associated with frailty. A definition of frailty was provided, to which participants could refer for the remainder of the interview. Participants’ encounters with community dwelling frail older adults in clinical practice were explored, along with their knowledge and experience of frailty identification within primary care. A clinical scenario involving a fictional frail older patient, ‘Esme’, was presented ( Supplementary File 2 ); participants were asked to reflect on this and their own experiences with community dwelling frail older adults to explore how they would identify and resolve medicines-related issues in this patient population. The topic guide was piloted with three community pharmacists working as academics at QUB; refinements were made prior to commencing data collection. All participants were offered £50 and awarded a certificate of participation. Each interview was audio-recorded with participants’ permission.

Data analysis

Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim by the researcher; transcripts were de-identified and checked for accuracy. Each participant was assigned a unique identifying code comprising the letters ‘CP’ (community pharmacist) and a two-digit number to indicate the order in which they were interviewed, e.g. CP01. Transcripts were analysed using NVivo 12 Plus [ 36 ].

Following an in-depth familiarisation phase that involved listening to the interview audio-recordings, reading and re-reading transcripts, each transcript was independently analysed by two researchers (LF and HB; both qualified pharmacists) using a reflexive thematic analytical approach that was predominantly inductive [ 37 ]. The researchers met after coding the first five transcripts to discuss their approaches to analysis and to sense-check emergent codes. Codes were organised into overarching themes around a ‘central organising concept’ [ 37 ]; these themes were reviewed and discussed within the research team, during which further refinement occurred until agreement was reached.

Ethical considerations

This study was approved by QUB Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MHLS 19_15). All participants provided written informed consent.

Sixteen community pharmacists agreed to participate; one withdrew from the study prior to commencing data collection citing time pressures due to the pandemic. Data saturation was reached after 14 interviews and no further recruitment took place after the 15th interview. On average, interviews lasted 36 min (range: 25–73 min). Participant characteristics are shown in Table 1 .

Characteristics of interview participants ( n  = 15)

Three overarching themes were generated from the data and discussed in further detail below.

Theme 1: awareness and understanding of frailty

Community pharmacists had difficulty defining the term ‘frailty’; while most demonstrated some understanding of the concept through awareness of the frail older adult population and possible signs of frailty, many found it challenging to provide a definition:

‘It’s [frailty] hard to describe, isn’t it? I guess I’d call it someone who’s very vulnerable to illness, breaking bones or just being unwell.’ (CP07).

Most participants focused on physical indicators of frailty based on how they may have observed frail older adults within the pharmacy, with few identifying social or cognitive aspects without further prompting by the interviewer:

“ Obviously in community pharmacy it is all very visual. Maybe mobility, having difficulty coming into the shop, maybe on a three-wheel… rollator .” (CP03)

“…I would always associate it with physical strength more than mental capacity.” (CP11)

Most community pharmacists believed that frailty is an inevitable part of ageing, and few demonstrated an awareness of different levels of frailty. A small number did discuss what they termed as ‘recoverable frailty’ (where patients may be able to transition to a less severe frailty state).

Community pharmacists’ lack of understanding about frailty identification was also highlighted, with most being unaware of assessment tools available:

“It’s not something I’ve ever thought about, we don’t have any tools readily available to us that I know of and certainly nothing that would be standardised.” (CP01)

Some community pharmacists reported informally observing older patients and monitoring them for signs of physical or cognitive deterioration:

“ Opening the door is a big one because the door is heavy, so if someone can’t open the door by themselves, I would think about that, looking at how they’re walking, if they’re shuffling…” (CP06)

However, many participants felt that assessing patients for frailty was not part of their current role and was best left to other primary healthcare professionals, such as general practitioners (GPs). Participants expressed concern regarding the practicality of conducting frailty assessments in a community pharmacy setting, lack of access to patients’ clinical data/medical records and the need for face-to-face contact with frail older adults to conduct the assessments:

“Why would we need to? We need to be aware of somebody’s frailty but why do we need to initiate the identification or scoring of frailty? …That is something that requires a more collaborative approach.” (CP10)

Despite this, participants recognised the benefit of knowing a person’s frailty status, highlighting the ways in which having this information to hand could facilitate clinical decision-making and provision of pharmacy services, such as safer provision of non-prescription medicines and checking the clinical appropriateness of prescriptions:

“You do get a lot of people coming in and asking for co-codamol… and the person standing in front of you could be of average age, absolutely fine but they could be buying it for their 90-year-old mum who weighs 6 stone.” (CP04)

Community pharmacists felt that the term ‘frail’ had negative connotations and were concerned that patients would not appreciate being labelled as frail and may perceive it as an insult. Furthermore, community pharmacists were not inclined to use the term ‘frail’ when discussing patients with other healthcare professionals or members of the pharmacy team:

“I probably wouldn’t feel comfortable speaking to the person directly about their frailty, because I would assume it would make them feel old.” (CP07)

“There’s a connotation associated with the word [frail] … Some older patients may not have physical impairments and may take offence to that if they’re able bodied but have other factors from the definition that would deem them in that category.” (CP02)

Despite their reluctance to use this terminology with patients, many participants felt that patients would benefit from knowing their frailty status, to improve understanding of their health and empower them to ask for support, if needed:

“It would be useful for them to know [their frailty status] and to recognise where they are in life and what steps they need to take to adjust things.” (CP05)

Many participants identified the need for increased awareness about frailty both within the pharmacy profession and the general population, further highlighting their own lack of knowledge and need for further training in the area:

“I think we could probably do more, it’s not something I really recall covering in much detail when we were in university, so… just more education really… I think being more confident, the more that you would study the material and research it.” (CP15)

“Community pharmacists need to have a better grasp on what frailty actually is, so they know who to look out for.” (CP07)

Theme 2: problem-solving and supporting medication use

Community pharmacists frequently highlighted problem-solving as a key part of their role when dealing with frail older adults and supporting their use of medicines. This was strongly linked with their ability to communicate with a range of relevant stakeholders, such as patients, their carers/family members and other healthcare professionals. Participants emphasised the good relationships they had built with their older patient population, which they believed had been established through consistent and effective communication during previous problem resolution:

“They [frail older patients] also have a better relationship with the pharmacist and are more likely to engage with them because you’ve helped them in the first place.” (CP05)

While community pharmacists encountered some frail older adults in person in the pharmacy, they regularly communicated with many of their frailest patients either over the telephone or through a carer/family member:

“During the current climate [COVID-19 pandemic] , if a frail older patient needs to see a healthcare professional, they can see one in a community pharmacy. It’s one thing I like about the profession… you might be waiting a couple of minutes, but you can walk in and speak to somebody who is a professional.” (CP13)

Participants highlighted how they tailored their communication style to individual patients’ needs, for example by slowing their pace of speech or repeating information to ensure patients fully understood:

“If you know somebody is frail, you’re probably going to have to spend more time relaying information and counselling them, because they may be hard of hearing, they may not understand the first time.” (CP11)

Despite few participants having identified social aspects of frailty in the earlier part of the interview, many described interacting with older adults due to social isolation or loneliness. Participants regarded themselves as being a point of contact for frail older adults and someone that patients viewed as providing social support:

“I wouldn’t try and get them off [the telephone] as soon as I can because they’ll open up about things and you can be a listening ear for them if they’re feeling lonely.” (CP15)

In relation to the clinical scenario presented, most pharmacists identified that speaking to the patient directly would be the first step to explore the issues affecting the patient and to build a clearer picture about the patient’s medical and social history so that support could be individually tailored to their needs. Participants also discussed how they communicated with other primary healthcare professionals to resolve medicines-related issues for frail older adults, noting that GPs and GP pharmacists (pharmacists embedded within general practices) as those with whom they would have most frequent contact. Often community pharmacists were in contact with these healthcare professionals to highlight or query potential prescribing issues in frail older adults, express concerns about individual patients, or to arrange further support for vulnerable patients. Participants described how this way of working had led to the development of a shared approach to resolve medicines-related issues in frail older adults:

“Both of us [community pharmacist and patient’s GP] felt we would have an individual conversation with the patient to stress the importance of taking this medication and if she really felt that it wasn’t something that was agreeing with her then we would come up with an alternative.” (CP10)

However, some participants expressed concern about lack of feedback or action from GPs when potential issues with frail older adults were raised:

“I would probably give the GP a ring and voice my concern. Now, most of the time that means very little, it means leaving a message at best probably, but I suppose once you’ve done your bit, you must accept that you’ve tried to help in some way.” (CP06)

Community pharmacists emphasised that supporting and optimising medicines use by frail older adults was a key component of pharmaceutical care provision. They demonstrated extensive knowledge about the medicines-related issues faced by this patient population, such as inappropriate prescribing (e.g. use of PIMs or high-risk medicines) and polypharmacy, unclear medication indications, increased risk of adverse drug effects and medication non-adherence:

“Can we establish any sort of issues that they’re [Esme – clinical scenario patient] having with their medications? Any reason why they don’t want to take them or any side-effects that are impacting their daily life… contributing to their frailty... the likes of any drowsy medication… do they really need that medication or is there an alternative that would benefit them without having that side-effect?” (CP08)

Community pharmacists described having a vital role in assisting frail older patients with prescription ordering and acquisition, dispensing medication in weekly compliance aids, and providing home delivery services and considered these strategies important in reducing patients’ social isolation and negative outcomes such as falls and hospitalisation.

Participants viewed themselves as a key point of contact for frail older adults and their carers/family members, highlighting that their position within primary care enabled them to either assist patients personally or signpost them to relevant services, organisations or other sources of information/support. Indeed, signposting was identified as a key aspect of ‘problem-solving’ for frail older adults in primary care:

“People come in all the time looking for solutions and half the time you’re thinking how can I help this person, what do I know, how can I point them in the right direction. We’re problem solvers.” (CP10)

Although participants felt that signposting had a positive impact for frail older adults and stressed the importance of multidisciplinary support for these patients, they were often unaware of the outcome, again reporting that there was little or no feedback from GPs or other healthcare professionals.

Theme 3: seizing opportunities in primary care to enhance pharmaceutical care provision for frail older adults

“ I think that pharmacists in primary care, both in community pharmacy and in GP surgeries, that are limited by their inability to prescribe [if not qualified independent prescribers] … that should be advanced for more pharmacists .” (CP13)

“You could go out to the patient’s house [to conduct medication review] because you see exactly how they’re managing their medicines. They’ve had them in bizarre places… all you see are Tupperware® boxes [plastic or glass food storage containers with snap close lids] all over the house, you can definitely see a true picture that way… you could speak to them over the ‘phone too, but face-to-face is better.” (CP15)

Participants identified several barriers to seizing opportunities in primary care to enhance pharmaceutical care provision for frail older adults including lack of resources such as time, a private consultation room, support staff and excessive paperwork. The COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing at the time of data collection, was also at the forefront of participants’ minds:

“Increased workload, reduced staff… at the moment COVID-19 is the big one… but after that it will always come down to time pressure because patient safety has to be the number one priority.” (CP01)

Community pharmacists believed lack of knowledge around the frail older population was another barrier to delivering high quality pharmaceutical care to frail older adults and further training was needed for both pharmacists and support staff; some indicated they intended to undertake additional training on frailty for their continuing professional development (CPD) because of their participation in the study:

“I think with you highlighting this… I need to do a bit of CPD... and think about what I could do for frail patients.” (CP04)

Participants perceived community pharmacy to be isolated within primary care with respect to information sharing, with restricted access to patients’ clinical data, medical or medication histories other than medication data from prescriptions that had previously been dispensed in that pharmacy. Participants believed this placed them at a disadvantage compared with other healthcare professionals, such as GPs, GP pharmacists or colleagues in secondary care and impeded medicines optimisation activities in community pharmacy, such as medication review:

“ I do feel that community pharmacy is in the dark… we don’t see bloods, we only see what we dispense, so if you have a patient that’s going to other pharmacies, I have no idea what else they could be on...” (CP03)

“Y ou’re only working off what you have in front of you on your PMR [patient medication record] … you can make recommendations, but the GP surgery can overrule you because they know the situation better.” (CP12)

This qualitative study is the first to explore community pharmacists’ knowledge of frailty among community dwelling older adults, their contact with frail older adults and their perceptions of the role they can play in optimising medicines use in this patient population. It has therefore addressed vital gaps in the current evidence base and provided novel insights into the views and experiences of these healthcare professionals.

The findings have highlighted that community pharmacists regularly encounter frail older adults in their clinical practice and yet there was a significant gap in their knowledge about frailty, with many struggling to define the term and focusing solely on physical signs. Research conducted with other healthcare professionals supports this finding [ 38–40 ]. Indeed, Aygerinou and colleagues identified a ‘gap in geriatric education’ as a barrier to identifying and managing frailty in primary care, with most of their study participants (physicians, nurses and health visitors working in primary care) having received no undergraduate or postgraduate training in geriatrics [ 39 ]. Many of our study participants also identified that further education in frailty is essential to improve and extend pharmaceutical care provision to frail older adults in community pharmacy. None of our participants had completed frailty-specific training but some identified an opportunity to focus on this as part of their professional development. While several pharmacists had completed postgraduate training in managing medicines in older people, courses such as these do not provide extensive detail about frailty and take a more generalised approach when considering older adults. Our findings suggest that pharmacists would welcome an educational programme, especially if it was specific to the area of interest and tailored to the community pharmacy setting [ 41 ]. A systematic review conducted in 2018, which set out to critically appraise studies that investigated the effectiveness of comprehensive educational programmes for healthcare professionals related to frailty prevention or management [ 42 ], found no studies to include in the review, which further emphasises the lack of educational programmes addressing this topic.

None of the interview participants were assessing patients for frailty in their routine practice. A lack of awareness of frailty assessment tools or how they could be implemented in the community pharmacy setting was demonstrated. The British Geriatrics Society recommends that older people should be assessed for frailty during all encounters with health and social care professionals [ 26 ], including community pharmacists. Rhalimi and colleagues explored the role of community pharmacists in detecting the prevalence of frailty and spatio-temporal disorientation among community dwelling older adults [ 43 ]. They concluded it was feasible for community pharmacists to perform this screening and stated that knowledge of older adults’ frailty status was useful for community pharmacists as they may be able to detect more ADRs [ 43 ]. Many pharmacists in our study also felt that having knowledge about a patient’s frailty status would be beneficial to them and the patient. Yet, our participants were reluctant to discuss frailty with older adults due to negative connotations associated with the term and resultant challenges such conversations would bring. Studies conducted with other healthcare professionals have also revealed similar views [ 31 , 40 ], with acknowledgement that training is needed across both primary and secondary care to overcome stigma associated with this terminology. Qualitative studies undertaken with older adults regarding their perceptions of frailty have reported that they rejected the term or did not identify as such [ 44 , 45 ] and recommended that healthcare professionals instead focus on patients’ independence, resilience and autonomy [ 45 ].

Although the community pharmacists in our study were reluctant to discuss frailty with patients, many felt it was important for frail older adults to be aware of their frailty status. Having a person-centred focus and ensuring patients have sufficient knowledge regarding their health and medical conditions are key facilitators for shared decision-making [ 46 ]. Effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients must be established so that frail older adults can be empowered and emboldened to make informed decisions about their care. Lawless and colleagues highlighted the need for ‘specialised communication skills training programmes’ which could facilitate timely conversations with frail older adults and allow primary healthcare professionals to provide practical support and guidance to patients [ 47 ].

Community pharmacist participants felt they could play a more significant role in optimising medicines use for frail older adults. Interestingly, much of the previously published work in this area had not included community pharmacists. Policymakers and service commissioners must be cognisant of the frequent contact and trusting relationships that community pharmacists have with this patient population [ 48 ] and work to address some of the barriers identified in this study, such as the lack of access to patients’ medical histories and clinical data, which isolate community pharmacists from their counterparts in other areas of primary and secondary care.

Strengths and limitations

This study makes an original and important contribution to the frailty literature. Taking a qualitative approach ensured that participants’ views and experiences could be explored in-depth. Several sampling approaches were used to ensure diversity in the participant sample with respect to their experience in community pharmacy and characteristics of the pharmacies in which they worked. This study took place during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a time during which community pharmacists were playing a critical role in the public health response and experiencing unprecedented challenges due to increased workload and staff shortages [ 49 , 50 ]. Despite this, the study was able to continue, albeit with minor amendments to the mode of data collection and achieve data saturation. However, the findings only reflect the views of those who participated in the study (the participant sample included a very small proportion of all community pharmacists in NI and had more males than females) and may not be generalisable to other areas of the UK or healthcare settings in other countries. We acknowledge that sampling pharmacists through the Pharmacy Forum NI newsletter and Undergraduate Placement Network may have attracted pharmacists who were more engaged in the topic area and/or research. The use of snowball sampling may have limited the diversity of the participant sample; however, we would have been unable to reach data saturation without using this sampling approach. Due to time constraints on the project, it was not possible to undertake member validation. A reflexive approach was followed throughout the study, with the research team maintaining an awareness of how their personal positioning, experiences or beliefs may have impacted their observations, interpretations or conclusions. All interviews were conducted by a female pharmacist; while this may be considered a strength due to her ability to build a rapport with participants, facilitate an open discussion and understand the context relating to the issues discussed, it should be acknowledged that participants’ awareness of her professional background may have affected their responses. Participants in this study were asked to focus on community dwelling frail older adults; we acknowledge that the findings likely relate to patients with mild–moderate levels of frailty and approaches to support those with more advanced frailty may differ. We recognise that community pharmacists only represent one key stakeholder in the primary care setting. While it was outside the scope of this study to interview other healthcare professionals, patients or carers, further work is needed to corroborate the findings and explore the perspectives of other stakeholder groups.

Community pharmacists have frequent contact with frail older adults and resolve a range of medicines-related problems for this patient population. However, they have identified distinct gaps in their knowledge about frailty and its identification and hesitancies around initiating conversations with frail older adults about frailty. They also identified system-level barriers, which were perceived to isolate them from other areas of primary and secondary care. These issues must be addressed so that community pharmacists can play a more significant role in optimising medicines use for frail older adults in the future.

Our sincere appreciation goes to Mrs Julie Greenfield (Pharmacy Forum NI) and Mrs Patricia Holden (Queen’s University Belfast) for their help in recruiting community pharmacists for this study. We extend our gratitude to all participating community pharmacists for taking the time to share their experiences.

This research was funded by a Northern Ireland Department for the Economy PhD Studentship.

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• frail elderly
• primary health care
• older adult
• community pharmacists

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Q&A: How The 2024 Election Looms Large Over Pharmacy

One of the biggest issues pharmacists are watching is the Medicare Part D redesign and copay smoothing policy.

Lindsay Bealor Greenleaf, Vice President and Solution Leader, Federal and State Policy at ADVI Health, sat down with Drug Topics at AXS24, the Asembia Specialty Pharmacy Summit, to discuss the pressing issues that are pharmacists are facing ahead of the 2024 presidential election.

Drug Topics: What are some of the most pressing 2024 election issues that may potentially impact pharmacy practice?

Pharmacists are closely watching the outcome of the 2024 presidental election. | image credit: vchalup - stock.adobe.com

Lindsay Greenleaf: I think one big issue that pharmacies are looking at is what's going on with Part D redesign, and what is their role going to be with the copay smoothing policy [in] the Medicare payment program. We've had guidance come out from [the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services] on how this should look, but I think there's still a lot of unanswered questions. The fact that patients are not automatically enrolled is going to cause a lot of confusion. I think pharmacists are going to be the first ones to be fielding these questions from patients. I think that's something [to keep] top of mind that pharmacists are going to have to be ready for in 2025.

From an election standpoint, the fate of the Inflation Reduction Act is something that will have big implications depending on who wins this election. The law is obviously going to still be in place—unless it's repealed, which is very unlikely—but it would certainly be implemented in a different way if it was under President Trump or President Biden.

Drug Topics: How might the election impact the Inflation Reduction Act, and the provisions within it around drug pricing?

Greenleaf: The Inflation Reduction Act is very likely to be implemented next year, regardless of who is in the White House. Getting rid of it would either require Republicans taking full control of Congress and them having the political will and desire to fully repeal it because it will cost a lot of money. You have to find pay floors , and it's always really challenging to do. There's also potential for it to be struck down in the courts—we just had a court decision yesterday—[but] that has not been going in the manufacturers’ favor so far. So, it looks like the Inflation Reduction Act is here to stay, at least in the in the near term.

The key will be, though, how a future President Trump might implement it versus President Biden. We would think that if President Trump were to come back to office, he would maybe try to implement it in a less punitive way, if possible, especially when thinking about government negotiation of drug prices. The agency has a lot of authority with where they're going to set those prices and you would think, under a Trump administration, government prices might come in close to the ceiling price. And another piece—we would think and hope [that we’d] get a lot more transparency of how the law [will be] rolled out under a Trump administration as compared to what we're getting now [under the] Biden administration. If we have another Biden administration, [we] would expect for the law to continue implementation as it's going. We know that President Biden would love to expand on the law even though it's just ramping up right now. We don't have any of these government-negotiated prices applying, yet we know he'd like to expand it to 50 drugs targeted for a year. That would require legislative change, but that is something that we're going to be watching closely to see what the power of Congress looks like and [whether] that's something that Congress might take on next year.

And then from there, just continuing to watch the rollout of Part D benefit redesigned. Those will be the big things we are watching this [upcoming] year.

Drug Topics: What are the top actions that pharmacists can take to address issues around medication affordability?

Greenleaf: I think the best way that pharmacists can help with affordability is to help patients with this copay smoothing policy that's going to be coming into play in 2025. There's still just a lot that we don't know yet. This guidance is still rolling out. This is going to be a really big undertaking in terms of how we're going to spread out these out-of-pocket costs throughout the year. I think [that] paying close attention to the guidance [and] understanding what exactly is expected of them—I think that's really the best that a pharmacist can do for next year.

AXS24, the Asembia Specialty Pharmacy Summit, was held April 28 to May 2 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Click here for more of our coverage from AXS24.

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McKesson Corporation Reports Fiscal 2024 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results

May 07, 2024

Fourth Quarter Highlights:

• Consolidated revenues of $76.4 billion increased by 11%.
• Earnings per diluted share from continuing operations of $6.02 increased $0.31.
• Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share of $6.18 decreased by 14%.

Full Year Highlights:

• Consolidated revenues of $309.0 billion increased by 12%.
• Earnings per diluted share from continuing operations of $22.39 decreased $2.66.
• Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share of $27.44 increased by 6%.
• Cash flow from operations of $4.3 billion and Free Cash Flow of $3.6 billion.

Fiscal 2025 Outlook:

• Fiscal 2025 Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share guidance range of $31.25 to $32.05 indicates 14% to 17% forecasted growth compared to the prior year.
• The Company does not forecast GAAP earnings per diluted share from continuing operations 1 .

IRVING, Texas, May 7, 2024 - McKesson Corporation (NYSE:MCK) today announced results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Fiscal 2024 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Result Summary

McKesson reported fourth quarter results, marking the close to a strong fiscal 2024, underpinned by continued momentum across the enterprise, said Brian Tyler, chief executive officer. The results underscore the execution against our company priorities, differentiated capabilities within the oncology and biopharma services platforms, and the sustained strength of our core distribution businesses. We continue to leverage the breadth and depth of our assets, delivering meaningful outcomes for our customers, partners, patients, and communities. I want to thank all McKesson employees for their efforts, dedication, and contributions.

Looking ahead to fiscal 2025, we are well-positioned to further expand on the extensive range of our assets and capabilities, execute against our strategic initiatives, foster sustainable growth, and create long-term value for all stakeholders, said Mr. Tyler. We are excited about the opportunities ahead as we advance health outcomes for all.

Fourth quarter revenues were $76.4 billion, an increase of 11% from a year ago. Revenue increases were primarily driven by growth in the U.S. Pharmaceutical segment, resulting from increased prescription volumes, including higher volumes from specialty products, retail national account customers, and GLP-1 medications.

Fourth quarter earnings per diluted share from continuing operations was $6.02 compared to $5.71 a year ago, an increase of $0.31. Full year earnings per diluted share from continuing operations was $22.39 compared to $25.05 a year ago, a decrease of $2.66.

Fourth quarter Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share was $6.18 compared to $7.19 a year ago, a decrease of 14%, driven by a higher tax rate, partially offset by a lower share count and growth in the U.S. Pharmaceutical segment. Full year Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share was $27.44 compared to $25.94 a year ago, an increase of 6%, led by growth in the U.S. Pharmaceutical and Prescription Technology Solutions segments and a lower share count, partially offset by higher corporate expenses.

For the full year, McKesson returned $3.3 billion of cash to shareholders, which included $3.0 billion of common stock repurchases and $314 million of dividend payments. During the fiscal year, McKesson generated cash from operations of $4.3 billion, and invested $687 million in capital expenditures, resulting in Free Cash Flow of $3.6 billion.

Business Highlights

• In the past year, McKesson’s CoverMyMeds business helped patients save more than $8.8 billion on brand and specialty medications, helped to prevent 10.7 million prescriptions from being abandoned due to affordability challenges, and helped patients access their medicine more than 94 million times.
• The Sarah Cannon Research Institute joint venture announced a collaboration with AstraZeneca aimed at advancing innovative technology and operational synergies to enhance the delivery of oncology clinical trials.
• McKesson launched a pilot initiative aimed at advancing health equity in underserved communities. Avondale, Ohio was selected as the first activation site to support access to essential pharmacy services and help tackle healthcare disparities.
• Named by Fortune as one of America’s Most Innovative Companies.
• Recognized by Newsweek as one of America's Greatest Workplaces for Women in 2024.
• Recognized by DiversityComm Media as a 2024 Best of the Best Top Women Employer.

U.S. Pharmaceutical Segment

Fourth Quarter

• Revenues were $68.8 billion, an increase of 12%, driven by increased prescription volumes, including higher volumes from specialty products, retail national account customers, and GLP-1 medications.
• Segment Operating Profit was $1.1 billion. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $901 million, an increase of 5%, driven by growth in the distribution of specialty products to providers and health systems and increased contributions from our generics program.
• Revenues were $278.7 billion, an increase of 16%, driven by increased prescription volumes, including higher volumes from specialty products, retail national account customers, and GLP-1 medications.
• Segment Operating Profit was $2.8 billion. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $3.3 billion, an increase of 7%, driven by growth in the distribution of specialty products to providers and health systems and increased contributions from our generics program.

Prescription Technology Solutions Segment

• Revenues were $1.2 billion, flat to the prior year, driven by growth in the technology services business, offset by lower contributions from the third-party logistics business.
• Segment Operating Profit was $188 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $212 million, a decrease of 3%, driven by higher investments and expenses to support future growth across the biopharma services platform.
• Revenues were $4.8 billion, an increase of 9%, driven by increased prescription volumes in the technology services and third-party logistics businesses.
• Segment Operating Profit was $835 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $837 million, an increase of 23%, driven by higher demand for access solutions, principally prior authorization services led by increased prescription volumes.

Medical-Surgical Solutions Segment

• Revenues were $2.8 billion, an increase of 6%, driven by growth in the primary and extended care businesses, including higher volumes of illness season testing, partially offset by lower contribution from kitting, storage, and distribution of ancillary supplies for the U.S. government’s COVID-19 vaccine program.
• Segment Operating Profit was $213 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $248 million, flat to the prior year, driven by lower contribution from kitting, storage, and distribution of ancillary supplies for the U.S. government’s COVID-19 vaccine program, offset by growth in the primary and extended care businesses, including higher volumes of illness season testing.
• Revenues were $11.3 billion, an increase of 2%, driven by growth in the primary and extended care businesses, partially offset by lower contribution from kitting, storage, and distribution of ancillary supplies for the U.S. government’s COVID-19 vaccine program.
• Segment Operating Profit was $952 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $1.0 billion, a decrease of 12%, driven by lower contribution from kitting, storage, and distribution of ancillary supplies for the U.S. government’s COVID-19 vaccine program, partially offset by growth in the primary and extended care businesses.

International Segment

• Revenues were $3.5 billion, an increase of 6%, driven by higher pharmaceutical distribution volumes in the Canadian business.
• Segment Operating Profit was $70 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $94 million, an increase of 18%, driven by higher pharmaceutical distribution volumes in the Canadian business.
• Revenues were $14.1 billion, a decrease of 31%, driven by Fiscal 2023 divestitures within McKesson’s European business.
• Segment Operating Profit was $319 million. Adjusted Segment Operating Profit was $378 million, a decrease of 24%, driven by Fiscal 2023 divestitures within McKesson’s European business.

Fiscal 2025 Outlook

McKesson does not provide forward-looking guidance on a GAAP basis as the Company is unable to provide a quantitative reconciliation of forward-looking Non- GAAP measures to the most directly comparable forward-looking GAAP measure, without unreasonable effort. McKesson cannot reasonably forecast LIFO inventory-related adjustments, certain litigation loss and gain contingencies, restructuring, impairment and related charges, and other adjustments, which are difficult to predict and estimate. These items are generally uncertain and depend on various factors, many of which are beyond the company’s control, and as such, any associated estimate and its impact on GAAP performance could vary materially.

McKesson continues its focused execution on company priorities, leveraging its assets and capabilities to drive sustainable growth. McKesson anticipates Fiscal 2025 Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share of $31.25 to $32.05 reflecting continued operating momentum, a strong financial position, and a balanced approach to capital deployment.

Additional modeling considerations will be provided in the earnings call presentation.

Conference Call Details

McKesson has scheduled a conference call for today, Tuesday, May 7th at 4:30 PM ET to discuss the company’s financial results. The audio webcast of the conference call will be available live and archived on McKesson’s Investor Relations website at investor.mckesson.com.

Upcoming Investor Event

McKesson management will be participating in the following investor conference:

• BofA Securities 2024 Healthcare Conference, May 16, 2024

The audio webcast, and a complete listing of upcoming events for the investment community, including details and updates, will be available on McKesson’s Investor Relations website.

Non- GAAP Financial Measures

GAAP refers to the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. This press release includes GAAP financial measures as well as Non- GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Operating Expenses, Adjusted Other Income, Adjusted Interest Expense, Adjusted Income Tax Expense, Adjusted Earnings, Adjusted Earnings per Diluted Share, Adjusted Segment Operating Profit, Adjusted Segment Operating Profit Margin, Adjusted Corporate Expenses, Adjusted Operating Profit, FX-Adjusted results and Free Cash Flow which are financial measures not calculated in accordance with GAAP . Refer to the Supplemental Non- GAAP Financial Information section of the accompanying financial statement tables for the definitions and usefulness of the Company’s Non- GAAP financial measures and the attached schedules for reconciliations of the differences between the Non- GAAP financial measures and their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Cautionary Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may be identified by their use of terminology such as believes, expects, anticipates, may, will, should, seeks, approximately, intends, projects, plans, estimates, targets, or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. The discussion of financial outlook, guidance, trends, strategy, plans, assumptions, expectations, commitments, intentions, and the potential impact of new relationships or initiatives may also include forward-looking statements. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, such as financial performance forecasts, which speak only as of the date they are first made. Except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated, or implied. Although it is not possible to predict or identify all such risks and uncertainties, we encourage investors to read the risk factors described in our publicly available filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and news releases.

These risk factors include, but are not limited to: we experience costly and disruptive legal disputes and settlements, including regarding our role in distributing controlled substances such as opioids; we might experience losses not covered by insurance or indemnification; we are subject to frequently changing, extensive, complex, and challenging healthcare and other laws; we from time to time record significant charges from impairment to goodwill, intangibles, and other long-lived assets; we experience cybersecurity incidents that might significantly compromise our technology systems or might result in material data breaches; we may be unsuccessful in achieving our strategic growth objectives; we are impacted by customer purchase reductions, contract non-renewals, payment defaults, and bankruptcies; our contracts with government entities involve future funding and compliance risks; we might be harmed by changes in our relationships or contracts with suppliers; our use of third-party data is subject to limitations that could impede the growth of our data services business; we might be adversely impacted by healthcare reform such as changes in pricing and reimbursement models; we might be adversely impacted by competition and industry consolidation; we are adversely impacted by changes or disruptions in product supply and have had difficulties in sourcing or selling products due to a variety of causes; we might be adversely impacted as a result of our distribution of generic pharmaceuticals; we might be adversely impacted by changes in the economic environments in which we operate; changes affecting capital and credit markets might impede access to credit, increase borrowing costs, and disrupt banking services for us and our customers and suppliers and might impair the financial soundness of our customers and suppliers; we might be adversely impacted by changes in tax legislation or challenges to our tax positions; we might be adversely impacted by events outside of our control, such as widespread public health issues, natural disasters, political events and other catastrophic events; we may be adversely affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory, or market responses to such change; and governance issues and regulations, including those related to social issues, climate change, and sustainability, and stakeholder response thereto may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and damage our reputation.

About McKesson Corporation

McKesson Corporation is a diversified healthcare services leader dedicated to advancing health outcomes for patients everywhere. Our teams partner with biopharma companies, care providers, pharmacies, manufacturers, governments, and others to deliver insights, products and services to help make quality care more accessible and affordable. Learn more about how McKesson is impacting virtually every aspect of healthcare at McKesson.com and read Our Stories.

Tables and full text of earnings release also available for viewing and download in PDF format:  McKesson Reports Fiscal 2024 Fourth-Quarter Results  (PDF, 431 KB).

1 See below under "Fiscal 2025 Outlook" for full explanation 2 Reflects continuing operations attributable to McKesson, net of tax 3 Adjusted results in this earnings release are non- GAAP financial measures; refer to the accompanying definitions, reconciliation schedules, and Schedule 2

Rachel Rodriguez Investors 469-2660-0556 [email protected]

Media Relations [email protected]

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• June 4, 2024: Meeting of the Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting Announcement - 06/04/2024

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Event Title June 4, 2024: Meeting of the Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting Announcement June 4, 2024

What is an advisory committee.

Advisory committees provide independent expert advice to the FDA on broad scientific topics or on certain products to help the agency make sound decisions based on the available science. Advisory committees make non-binding recommendations to the FDA, which generally follows the recommendations but is not legally bound to do so. Please see, " Advisory Committees Give FDA Critical Advice and the Public a Voice ," for more information.

Center: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

Location: FDA and invited participants may attend the meeting at FDA White Oak Campus, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 31 Conference Center, the Great Room (Rm. 1503), Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002. The public will have the option to participate via an online teleconferencing and/or video conferencing platform, and the advisory committee meeting will be heard, viewed, captioned, and recorded through an online teleconferencing and/or video conferencing platform.

The meeting presentations will be heard, viewed, captioned, and recorded through an online teleconferencing and/or video conferencing platform. The Committee will discuss new drug application 215455, for midomafetamine (MDMA) capsules, submitted by Lykos Therapeutics, for the proposed indication of treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. The Committee will be asked to discuss the overall benefit-risk profile of the product, including the potential public health impact.

Meeting Materials

FDA intends to make background material and the link to the live webcast available to the public no later than two (2) business days before the meeting in the Event Materials section of this web page. If FDA is unable to post the background material on its website prior to the meeting, the background material will be made publicly available on FDA’s website at the time of the advisory committee meeting. The meeting will include slide presentations with audio and video components to allow the presentation of materials for online participants in a manner that most closely resembles an in-person advisory committee meeting.

Public Participation Information

Interested persons may present data, information, or views, orally or in writing, on issues pending before the committee.

FDA is establishing a docket for public comment on this meeting. The docket number is FDA-2024-N-1938 . Please note that late, untimely filed comments will not be considered. The docket will close on June 3, 2024. The https://www.regulations.gov electronic filing system will accept comments until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time at the end of June 3, 2024. Comments received by mail/hand delivery/courier (for written/paper submissions) will be considered timely if they are received on or before that date.

Comments received on or before May 23, 2024 will be provided to the Committee. Comments received after that date will be taken into consideration by FDA. In the event that the meeting is cancelled, FDA will continue to evaluate any relevant applications or information, and consider any comments submitted to the docket, as appropriate. You may submit comments as follows:

Electronic Submissions

Submit electronic comments in the following way:

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov . Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Comments submitted electronically, including attachments, to https://www.regulations.gov will be posted to the docket unchanged. Because your comment will be made public, you are solely responsible for ensuring that your comment does not include any confidential information that you or a third party may not wish to be posted, such as medical information, your or anyone else’s Social Security number, or confidential business information, such as a manufacturing process. Please note that if you include your name, contact information, or other information that identifies you in the body of your comments, that information will be posted on https://www.regulations.gov .
• If you want to submit a comment with confidential information that you do not wish to be made available to the public, submit the comment as a written/paper submission and in the manner detailed (see “Written/Paper Submissions” and “Instructions”).

Written/Paper Submissions

Submit written/paper submissions as follows:

• Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for written/paper submissions): Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
• For written/paper comments submitted to the Dockets Management Staff, FDA will post your comment, as well as any attachments, except for information submitted, marked and identified, as confidential, if submitted as detailed in “Instructions.”

Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket No. FDA-2024-N-1938 for “Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting; Establishment of a Public Docket; Request for Comments-- midomafetamine (MDMA) capsules.” Received comments, those filed in a timely manner, will be placed in the docket and, except for those submitted as “Confidential Submissions,” publicly viewable at https://www.regulations.gov or at the Dockets Management Staff between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, 240-402-7500.

• Confidential Submissions--To submit a comment with confidential information that you do not wish to be made publicly available, submit your comments only as a written/paper submission. You should submit two copies total. One copy will include the information you claim to be confidential with a heading or cover note that states “THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.” FDA will review this copy, including the claimed confidential information, in its consideration of comments. The second copy, which will have the claimed confidential information redacted/blacked out, will be available for public viewing and posted on https://www.regulations.gov . Submit both copies to the Dockets Management Staff. If you do not wish your name and contact information be made publicly available, you can provide this information on the cover sheet and not in the body of your comments and you must identify the information as “confidential.” Any information marked as “confidential” will not be disclosed except in accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other applicable disclosure law. For more information about FDA’s posting of comments to public dockets, see 80 FR 56469, September 18, 2015, or access the information at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-09-18/pdf/2015-23389.pdf .

Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or the electronic and written/paper comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov and insert the docket number, found in brackets in the heading of this document, into the “Search” box and follow the prompts and/or go to the Dockets Management Staff, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852, 240-402-7500.

Oral Presentations

Oral presentations from the public will be scheduled between approximately 2 p.m. and 3.p.m Eastern Time and will take place entirely through an online meeting platform. Those individuals interested in making formal oral presentations should notify the contact person and submit a brief statement of the general nature of the evidence or arguments they wish to present, the names and addresses of proposed participants, and an indication of the approximate time requested to make their presentation on or before May 17, 2024.

Time allotted for each presentation may be limited. If the number of registrants requesting to speak is greater than can be reasonably accommodated during the scheduled open public hearing session, FDA may conduct a lottery to determine the speakers for the scheduled open public hearing session. The contact person will notify interested persons regarding their request to speak by May 20, 2024.

Webcast Information

CDER plans to provide a free of charge, live webcast of the upcoming advisory committee meeting. If there are instances where the webcast transmission is not successful, staff will work to re-establish the transmission as soon as possible. Further information regarding the webcast, including the web address for the webcast, will be made available no later than two (2) business days before the meeting in the Event Materials section of this web page.

CDER plans to post archived webcasts after the meeting, however, in cases where transmission was not successful, archived webcasts will not be available.

Contact Information

• Joyce Frimpong, PharmD Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue WO31-2417 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Phone: 240-762-8729 Email: [email protected]
• FDA Advisory Committee Information Line 1-800-741-8138 (301-443-0572 in the Washington DC area) Please call the Information Line for up-to-date information on this meeting.
• For press inquiries, please contact the Office of Media Affairs at [email protected] or 301–796–4540.

A notice in the Federal Register about last minute modifications that impact a previously announced advisory committee meeting cannot always be published quickly enough to provide timely notice. Therefore, you should always check the agency’s website or call the committee’s Designated Federal Officer (see Contact Information) to learn about possible modifications before coming to the meeting.

Persons attending FDA’s advisory committee meetings are advised that the agency is not responsible for providing access to electrical outlets. FDA welcomes the attendance of the public at its advisory committee meetings and will make every effort to accommodate persons with disabilities. If you require accommodations due to a disability, please contact the committee’s Designated Federal Officer (see Contact Information) at least 7 days in advance of the meeting.

Answers to commonly asked questions including information regarding special accommodations due to a disability may be accessed at: Common Questions and Answers about FDA Advisory Committee Meetings .

FDA is committed to the orderly conduct of its advisory committee meetings. Please visit our Web site at Public Conduct During FDA Advisory Committee Meetings for procedures on public conduct during advisory committee meetings.

Notice of this meeting is given under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. app.2).