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Introduction: Adaptation’s Past, Adaptation’s Future

  • First Online: 20 January 2023

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  • Glenn Jellenik 5 &
  • Lissette Lopez Szwydky 6  

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture ((PSADVC))

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This chapter situates Adaptation Before Cinema as a historical intervention into adaptation studies, making the case that an over-reliance on film adaptation has left the field historically myopic. Decentering film opens multiple directions for adaptation studies past, present, and future and brings new voices and approaches into the critical conversation. The editors of the collection trace the ways in which adaptation studies can be enriched by rethinking the function of adaptation, by not only acknowledging but also exploring adaptation as a transhistorical, global phenomenon that also crosses forms, media, and genres. Jellenik and Szwydky argue that scholars of literature and culture working in historical fields that predate the twentieth century are uniquely positioned to identify common points of interest with adaptation studies and its standard theoretical and critical approaches, demonstrating to contemporary media theorists how much twentieth- and twenty-first-century media forms and industry practices continue to be influenced not only by historical literary sources but also by early adaptation practices that predate film and other contemporary media. Attention to those older adaptations and adaptation practices can yield creative and productive critical approaches that can be applied across contemporary media adaptation studies. As Jellenik and Szwydky argue, adaptations and other forms of extension and transmediation have always driven literature, theater, art, and popular culture, as well as shaped the construction and reception histories of specific texts. These connections and broader stakes for the study of literature and culture crystallize when we excavate and analyze forms of adaptation and transmedia that drove storytelling before the twentieth century.

  • Adaptation studies
  • Cultural history
  • Transhistorical

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Works Cited

Andrew, Dudley. “Adaptation,” in Concepts in Film Theory . New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. 96–106.

Google Scholar  

Bortolotti, Gary, and Linda Hutcheon, “On the Origins of Adaptation: Rethinking ‘Success’—Biologically.” New Literary History (2007): 443–58.

Elliott, Kamilla. Theorizing Adaptation . Oxford University Press, 2020.

— Portraiture and British Gothic Fiction: The Rise of Picture Identification, 1764–1835 .

— Rethinking the Film/Novel Debate

Genette, Gérard. Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree . Translated by Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Originally published in French by Editions du Seuil, 1982.

Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Adaptation . Routledge: New York, 2006.

Jenkins, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide . New York University Press, 2006.

Laird, Karen E. The Art of Adapting Victorian Literature, 1848–1920: Jane Eyre , David Copperfield , and The Woman in White. Ashgate, 2015.

Lanier, Douglas M. “Shakespearean Rhizomatics: Adaptation, Ethics, Value.” Shakespeare and the Ethics of Appropriation , edited by Alexa Huang and Elizabeth Rivlin, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 21–40.

Lev, Peter, “How to Write Adaptation History,” book chapter in The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies , ed. Leitch, Oxford University Press, 2017: (661–678).

MacCabe, Colin, “Bazinian Adaptation: The Butcher Boy as Example,” Introduction to True to the Spirit, Oxford University Press, 2011: (3–25).

Meikle, Kyle. Adaptations in the Franchise Era, 2001–2016 . Bloomsbury, 2019.

Semenza, Gregory. “Towards a Historical Turn? Adaptation Studies and the Challenges of History.” The Routledge Companion to Adaptation , edited by Dennis Cutchins, Katja Krebs, and Eckart Voigts, Routledge, 2018, 58–66.

Semenza, Gregory, and Bob Hasenfratz. The History of British Literature on Film: 1895–2015. Co-authored with New York and London: Bloomsbury Press, 2015.

Szwydky, Lissette Lopez. Transmedia Adaptation in the Nineteenth Century , Ohio State University Press, 2020.

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Department of English, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA

Glenn Jellenik

Department of English, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

Lissette Lopez Szwydky

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Jellenik, G., Szwydky, L.L. (2023). Introduction: Adaptation’s Past, Adaptation’s Future. In: Szwydky, L.L., Jellenik, G. (eds) Adaptation Before Cinema. Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09596-2_1

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The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

Thomas Leitch is Professor of English at the University of Delaware. His most recent books are A Companion to Alfred Hitchcock, co-edited with Leland Poague (2011), and Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age (2014). He is currently working on The History of American Literature on Film.

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This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of formative debates about what adaptation is, whether its orientation should be scientific or aesthetic, and whether it is most usefully approached inductively, through close analyses of specific adaptations, or deductively, through general theories of adaptation, the volume, not so much a museum as a laboratory or a provocation, aims to foster, rather than resolve, these debates. Its seven parts focus on the historical and theoretical foundations of adaptation study, the problems raised by adapting canonical classics and the aesthetic commons, the ways different genres and presentational modes illuminate and transform the nature of adaptation, the relations between adaptation and intertextuality, the interdisciplinary status of adaptation, and the issues involved in professing adaptation, now and in the future. Embracing an expansive view of adaptation and adaptation studies, it emphasizes the area’s status as a crossroads or network that fosters interactive exchange across many disciplines and advocates continued debate on its leading questions as the best defense against the possibilities of dilution, miscommunication, and chaos that this expansive view threatens to introduce to a burgeoning field uniquely responsive to the contemporary textual landscape.

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Introduction - Adaptation as Translation: Transferring Cultural Narratives

Profile image of Johannes Fehrle

2018, Komparatistik Online

Introduction for a special issue on Adaptation as Cultural Translation (co-edited by Mark Schmitt and Johannes Fehrle)

Related Papers

Mark Schmitt

The discipline of adaptation studies has come a long way from its academic inception in novel-to-film studies. Since George Bluestone’s seminal 1957 study Novels into Film, often regarded as the starting point of modern day Anglo-American adaptation studies,1 the discipline has seen a continual widening of its methodology as well as of the material scholars are willing to regard as adaptations. Particularly since the turn of the 21st century and the increasing institutionalization of the discipline as distinct from literary or film studies, adaptation scholars have widened the scope to include a broad range of media, encompassing not only the traditional adaptations from novels and drama into film, but also novelizations of various other media, video game and comic adaptations, TV series, opera, theme parks and tie in vacations, and many more.2 Others have included the study of media franchises as dependent on adaptation.3 As part of this redefinition of the discipline, scholars hav...

thesis on adaptation pdf

The discipline of adaptation studies has come a long way from its academic inception in novel-to-film studies. Since George Bluestone's seminal 1957 study Novels into Film, often regarded as the starting point of modern day Anglo-American adaptation studies, the discipline has seen a continual widening of its methodology as well as of the material scholars are willing to regard as adaptations. Particularly since the turn of the 21st century and the increasing institutionalization of the discipline as distinct from literary or film studies, adaptation scholars have widened the scope to include a broad range of media, encompassing not only the traditional adaptations from novels and drama into film, but also novelizations of various other media, video game and comic adaptations, TV series, opera, theme parks and tie in vacations, and many more. Others have included the study of media franchises as dependent on adaptation. As part of this redefinition of the discipline, scholars ha...

Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance

John Milton

Revue de Traduction et Langues

Toluwalope O Oyeniyi , Faniran K E J I Felix

While volumes of works have been published on adaptation as a concept, little has been done on the issue of adaptation in literature and translation. Adaptation can, therefore, be defined generally as an action or a process of changing something or of being changed to suit a new situation. It is the act of changing something or changing an act to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation. The idea of adaptation is not limited to both literature and translation only but it can be extended to films and their contemporary features. In literature, adaptation serves as a technique of narration and it is applicable in all genres of literature. The concept is equally applicable in translation studies; it serves as a technique of translation which may be applied to isolated parts of the text in order to deal with specific differences between the language and culture of the source text and that of the target text. Adaptation ameliorates cultural narrative, by considering the cultural links between the source language and the target language in translation studies. This is going to show us that adaptation elucidates more on the cultures and how these can be adapted into a real sense of newness of ideas in another cultural cycle. It is further explicated that the concept can be employed as an interdisciplinary one which can be applied in anthropology, philosophy, cultural studies, history, sciences and in all fields of arts. Diverse examples of adaptation are explored in series of African literature, western literature and translation studies. The major objective of this is to examine how adaptation can be described as a twin concept in literature and translation. This study also attempts to explicate the areas of convergence and divergence in the concept and application of adaptation in literature and translation studies. In this study, we adopt descriptive, narrative and expository methods where we describe, narrate and reveal the necessary issues on adaptation as a technique in both literature and translation. In this study, we adopt Skopos theory, which is formulated by the German translator, Hans Vermeer in 1970’s. The theory suggests that the mission and the purpose of translation are of paramount importance. The process of translation is determined by the function of the product. This function is specified by the addressee. This theory is one of the functionalist approaches whose aim is to dethrone the source text (ST). The word “Skopos” was from Greek, meaning purpose or aim. It is used as a technical term for the purpose of translation. The Skopos theory principally suggests that translations should focus on the target culture and language illustrating the source text, their effects on the reader, and the original author’s purpose as decisive factors, rather than the effects and purposes of the source language. The study concludes that Adaptation makes the old literary work popular and marketable because it is a trend to the original work. Literary adaptation that is done rightly has more advantages than disadvantages. One of the common reasons a book or story is adapted is because the characters in that story are already well-known and this help the adapted one. Adaptation will remain relevant in all fields of arts as long as the concept of masterpiece is adapted into the current trends in literary and translation studies. The concept will continue to be significant all over the world because it exposes literary ideas to different audience. Adaptation is as old as the world and it cannot cease because of its pertinence in a changing world.

“Adaptation as Cultural Appropriation: Transnational Frames and Local Flavors,” (Based on my Keynote address at the Caesurae Annual Conference) Caesurae: Poetics of Cultural Translation, (3:2 & 4: 1) [2019/2020].

Swarnavel Eswaran

Gerardo Acerenza

A collection of interdisciplinary essays by thirteen international scholars in Canadian studies, this volume explores adaptation process and practice from synchronic and diachronic perspectives. These contributions critically analyze linguistic and textual dynamics across genres (opera, poems, short stories, novels, TV series, films, picture books) adopting a broad range of methodological frameworks and tools. They examine the adaptation of stories alongside stories of adaptation, exposing many facets of complex issues such as identity, agency, culture, space, and time. Attention is also devoted to how different media (e.g. books, TV, digital devices) and modes (e.g. writing, music, images) affect the codification, transcodification, and decodification of Canadian narratives. The authors convincingly argue that, when stories move and change, they emotionally and cognitively engage and transform readers, listeners, spectators, audiences – all of us.

Judit Vándor

1. The importance of the research topic The research topic of this dissertation is the pla ce nd role of adaptation and retranslation in Translation Studies (TS). Recently ew interdisciplinary research topics have emerged in TS: translation and power, translat ion and subversion, post colonialism in translation. Thus translation is no longer regar ded as linguistic corpus only, but may rather be viewed as social phenomenon which can be plac d within the framework of TS as like all texts, translated texts are also social ly/culturally constructed, while constructing culture.

Albrecht Classen

After reviewing traditional approaches to the study of immigrant adaptation, we develop a theory of differential adaptation, which suggests that migrants may adapt in a variety of ways that do not necessitate that they acquiesce to larger pressures to assimilate or accommodate the larger society they have joined; moreover, they may change the existing culture and society into which they move. Their experiences are “differential” and require a more complex theoretical framework for researching the relationships among immigration, culture, power, agency, and communication.

Dennis Cutchins

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Essays on Measuring Climate Change Damages and Adaptation

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  1. Adaptation, Master Thesis

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  2. (PDF) A Conceptual Framework for Adaptation

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COMMENTS

  1. PDF Understanding International Students' Cultural Adaptation in

    This study. employs the acculturation process and context framework (Ward & Geeraert, 2015) to. investigate the cultural adaptation of international students relative to cultural distance, individual characteristics, familial context, and institutional and societal context variables. Literature Review.

  2. A theory of adaptation : Hutcheon, Linda, 1947- : Free Download, Borrow

    A theory of adaptation by Hutcheon, Linda, 1947-Publication date 2013 Topics Literature -- Adaptations, Music and literature Publisher London ; New York : Routledge ... Pdf_module_version 0.0.18 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20220720142819 Republisher_operator [email protected] ...

  3. (PDF) THEORIES OF ADAPTATION: NOVEL TO FILM

    Balazs in his thesis also assumes that an adaptation in spite of being a new work of art bears an obligation to some kernel of truth, similar to Eisenstein's concept of "initial general image". 2 That is to say that there is one single truth conveyed by a written piece of literature. However, Balazs' remark remains of seminal importance.

  4. (PDF) Title: The Creative Process of Film Adaptation: Bridging

    Bridging Literature and Cinema. Abstract: This thesis aims to delve into the intricate art of film adaptation, focusing on the. process of translating literary works into compelling cinematic ...

  5. PDF Introduction: Adaptation's Past, Adaptation's Future

    Introduction: Adaptation's Past, Adaptation's Future. Glenn Jellenik and Lissette Lopez Szwydky. Adaptation Before Cinema is both a historical intervention into contem-porary adaptation studies and an introductory primer for literary and cul-tural historians who may not be well-versed in contemporary adaptation studies.

  6. The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

    Abstract. This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of ...

  7. [PDF] An action theory of adaptation to climate change

    An action theory of adaptation to climate change. K. Eisenack, R. Stecker. Published 2010. Environmental Science, Philosophy. TLDR. This work wants to contribute to the clarification of the concept of adaptation in a way that makes theory applicable for designing adaptation assessments, and supply some new ingredients to the theory of ...

  8. PDF Adaptation in a Changing Climate: Practices of Smallholder Farmers in

    intense, a focus on adaptation is an important consideration. In the developed countries, where many of the causes of climate change originate, there are available resources and funds for adaptation. However, in many developing countries resources are not as readily available to devote to finding adaptations for climate change effects.

  9. (PDF) Climate change impact assessment and adaptation ...

    PDF | Expected impacts of climate change are associated with large uncertainties, particularly at the local level. ... Primarily, this thesis explores clim ate change adaptation unde r - Chapter 1 ...

  10. (PDF) Introduction

    The discipline of adaptation studies has come a long way from its academic inception in novel-to-film studies. Since George Bluestone's seminal 1957 study Novels into Film, often regarded as the starting point of modern day Anglo-American adaptation studies,1 the discipline has seen a continual widening of its methodology as well as of the material scholars are willing to regard as adaptations.

  11. PDF Adaptation to Climate in the Context of Development and

    In addition, adaptation is an important policy response option, along with mitigation. There is a need for the development and assessment of planned adaptation initiatives to help manage the risks of climate change. Adaptations vary according to the system in which they occur , who undertakes them, the climatic stimuli that prompts them,

  12. PDF A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and

    Thesis Advisor: Adam T. Thomas, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Increased emissions of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases (GHG) have exacerbated the effects of climate change and have led to intensified weather events and a steady rise in the average global temperature. Countries sought to outline an aggressive agenda for combatting

  13. PDF Community Adaptation to Climate Change: an Exploration of Climate

    community adaptation to climate change: an exploration of climate change adaptation planning in british columbia. by ian picketts b. sc. (eng) queen's university, 2002 thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of masters of natural resources and environmental studies the university of northern british columbia

  14. PDF Climate Change: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in ...

    3.2 Information analysis - reporting of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation 15 IV. REGIONAL IMPACTS OF AND VULNERABILITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE 18 4.1 Africa 18 4.2 Asia 20 4.3 Latin America 22 4.4 Small island developing States 24 V. ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 29 5.1 Adaptation strategies, plans and programmes 29 5.2 Local coping strategies 35

  15. PDF Agricultural Climate Change Adaptation: A review of recent approaches

    Lobell (2010) distinguish between autonomous and planned adaptation. However, as discussed in Fankhauser (2017), classifying any adaptation as autonomous is a misnomer, as "autonomous" adaptation is the result of complex optimization decisions made by multiple agents. Overall, specificity is required when discussing adaptation strategies.

  16. Essays on Measuring Climate Change Damages and Adaptation

    In this thesis, I measure damages and adaptation to recent climate change in three essays. First, in joint work with Sylvia Klosin, I develop a novel debiased machine learning approach to measure continuous treatment effects in panel settings. We demonstrate benefits of this estimator over standard machine learning or classical statistics ...

  17. (PDF) Indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation: A global

    Indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation: A global evidence map of academic literatureThis study provides a comprehensive overview of the academic literature on indigenous knowledge for ...

  18. [PDF] Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: A case

    This study examined the role of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Uganda with specific focus on the Teso sub-region. Specifically, the study identified indigenous knowledge practices used in climate change adaptation, documented indigenous knowledge in climate observation, and identified constraints to indigenous knowledge use for climate change adaptation. Data was ...

  19. PDF Haramaya University Effects of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies

    As indicated in table (7) about 38% of the sample respondents replied feed shortage is the main effect of climate change followed by shortage of water ( 22%) , reduced crop and livestock productivity ( 20.7%) and increased mortality (14.6%) and increased disease prevalence ( 12.3%), respectively.

  20. [PDF] Farmers' Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Their

    Climate change is a global phenomenon. Its impact on agricultural activities in developing countries has increased dramatically. Understanding how farmers perceive climate change and how they adapt to it is very important to the implementation of adequate policies for agricultural and food security. This paper aims to contribute to an understanding of farmers' adaptation choices ...

  21. PDF Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Ethiopia: Major Barriers and

    Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Ethiopia: Major Barriers and Impacts Mulugeta Nega, Debre Markos University, [email protected] Abstract Ethiopia is frequently known by a high degree of vulnerability to climate induced shocks in which adaptation options are highly imperative. The purpose of this study is to assess climate change

  22. (PDF) Adaptation to Climate Change

    This paper explores the decisions which economic agents, both public and private, face in trying. to respond to climate risks. It confirms that adaptation can indeed be very effective at reducing ...

  23. PDF Utilizing Textbook Adaptation Strategies: Experiences and ...

    were collected from reflective essays, lesson plans, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed ... textbook adaptation is a broad and extensive process which can be utilized in different educational contexts. As stated by Graves (1996), the degree of adaptation may vary with the nature of actual class performance ranging from simple ...

  24. PDF Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. Xx, No. Xx, Xxxx 2024 1 Fpl+

    directional cross-modality adaptation for Vestibular Schwan-noma segmentation in [20], the method in this work is further validated with a glioma segmentation dataset, and bidirectional cross-modality adaptation is implemented in the experiment. The results showed that our method outperforms ten state-of-the-art (SOTA) UDA methods.