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Online PhD in Theology Degree Guide

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For many theology students considering a career in academia, earning a doctorate degree in theology is the last major hurdle to beginning their career. However, the time, cost, and logistics for earning a PhD in theology often limit the viability of that career.

Numerous schools have begun making their doctorate theology programs available mostly or completely online. A list of such programs is featured at the end of this article. But is an online degree a good option for aspiring theology PhD students? How does it compare to a brick-and-mortar degree?

What Is a PhD in Theology?

A PhD in theology is a terminal degree—the highest level of degree in its field. A PhD in theology qualifies someone to research theology professionally or teach in the upper levels of theology education. Its purposes are academic, with less application for pastors and others in “hands-on” ministry.

A PhD in theology typically takes four or more years to complete, but some online programs (such as Columbia International University or Liberty University ) can take as short as three years.

Still, “short” does not mean “easy.” PhD admissions, online or otherwise, are highly competitive. Applicants will need a graduate degree, a high GPA, professional references, writing samples, research language proficiencies, and potentially high GRE exam scores. Again, a doctorate is the highest level of theology degree. Applicants must prove they are prepared to earn it.

ThD (Doctor of Theology) vs. PhD in Theology

When comparing theology doctorate programs, aspiring students may notice some are labeled ThDs and others PhDs. Does the difference matter?

A Doctor of Theology (ThD) and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Theology are very similar. Both are equal in rank, the highest level of degree one can earn in theology. However, a ThD and a PhD in theology have different emphases.

A ThD is typically offered by Christian institutions and focuses on a Christian understanding of theology. Some priority subjects of a ThD degree may include

• Biblical Languages (Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic)
• Hermeneutics
• Church History

Many PhDs are similar, but some theology PhDs are offered by secular institutions. In such a context, programs often take a more general approach.

While a PhD in theology student may specialize in Christianity, they may also specialize in Islam, Hinduism, or another religion. PhD programs are often built on a broader study and cross-comparison of religions with less focus on a single belief system.

Despite these different emphases, though, ThD and PhD programs do overlap, and both equip students for careers as researchers or educators of theology. The particular school one attends has a far larger impact on one’s studies than whether the degree is a ThD and a PhD.

How Online PhD in Theology Programs Work

The content, delivery, timeline, and costs of an online PhD in theology can each make or break a student’s experience. Here are several factors to consider when comparing different PhD in theology programs.

European vs. American Style Programs

Some online PhD in theology programs have minimal coursework and instead focus on individualized research and one-on-one mentoring with an advisor. European-style online PhD in theology programs, such as Trinity Bible College’s Practical Theology PhD , often fit this format.

European-style PhD programs are typically shorter, and PhD applicants choose their research project before starting their PhD.

American PhD programs, in contrast, often include more coursework with 1–2 years spent in thesis development and research approach. Faulkner University’s PhD in Biblical Studies program fits this format.

Students who already have a thorough knowledge base and thesis in mind may find a European-style program more focused and efficient. Students hungry for further training (such as advanced hermeneutics) and in need of additional time for refining their thesis with their adviser may find an American-style program offers a more gradual and thorough approach.

Normally, students are somewhat limited by location when choosing between American- vs. European-style PhD programs. Through the accessibility of online learning, however, students can choose the approach that fits their needs.

Program Structure and Online Delivery

Lecture-based courses are less numerous at the PhD level, but are still a typical feature of online PhD in theology programs. Classes may include subjects such as Advanced Hermeneutics , Ecclesiology , and Teaching Methods .

Online PhD programs often rely on recorded lectures or videos instead of scheduled class times. While interaction with classmates is more limited online, discussion boards and forums enable students to bounce ideas off one another.

One-on-one interaction with faculty is a priority at the PhD level, even with online limitations. Each PhD student consults one-on-one with an advisor, and other faculty may also be available for conversation.

At the end of the program, students are required to orally defend their PhD thesis in front of an academic board. For some online programs, this requires traveling to the physical campus; for others, this may take place virtually.

Online PhD in theology programs tend to be more streamlined than brick-and-mortar programs, so it’s common for students to finish within only three or four years. However, online programs sacrifice some of the opportunities offered by brick-and-mortar programs. For example, PhD students pursuing a teaching career will have a much harder time finding student teaching opportunities in an online PhD program.

Types of Doctorate Theology Programs Offered Online

No PhD in theology student will study exactly the same content as another. PhD programs move beyond general subject knowledge into deeper (and more niche) research, and each student pursues original research for their thesis. Picking a program where the classes and faculty match well with one’s thesis makes all the difference.

A program in Biblical Studies is an excellent fit for someone pursuing a biblical interpretation-related thesis. Many programs specialize in denomination-related studies, including Catholic and Greek Orthodox theology. For PhD theology students interested in researching the interplay between theology and different cultural contexts, a World Christian Studies degree is another option. Students more focused on ministry application might consider a Practical Theology degree.

The name of a program alone is not a thorough indicator of the subjects it may cover. For instance, Columbia International University’s Theological Studies PhD is not limited to systematic and historical theology. Their program is equally at home in the fields of apologetics and theological ethics.

These examples are by no means exhaustive. Aspiring PhD students should take time to consider their options and how each program connects with their research and career goals.

Online Theology PhD Costs

Online PhD programs can be significantly more affordable than most brick-and-mortar programs.

For instance, Liberty University’s online PhD in Practical Theology offers ablock rate of $2,750 per semesterto students who take 7–15 credit hours, with a three-year pace for graduation. Some online programs (such as at Liberty and Columbia International ) even include textbooks free of charge. In contrast, the average cost of a PhD degree is $96,800 .

With that said, it would be a mistake to measure a PhD program by its sticker price. Grants, fellowships, and stipends are some of the most notable ways PhD students cover the cost of their education.

Such opportunities are more diverse in brick-and-mortar institutions. For instance, online programs typically can’t provide teaching stipends. Brick-and-mortar institutions often have more funding, too. Some brick-and-mortar PhD in theology programs, such as Wheaton College’s , are fully funded (tuition is free to successful applicants).

Still, brick-and-mortar programs come with additional costs. Such programs may require relocation, travel, or sacrificing schedule flexibility. And while an online PhD student may not have a teaching stipend, they can often take on part-time work without worrying about class time hours.

Overall, online programs are a more reliable way to earn an affordable PhD. Aspiring PhD students, though, should take time to cross-compare individual programs, rather than rely on generalities.

Is an Online Doctorate in Theology Worth It?

A PhD in theology can be a game changer for anyone pursuing a career in research or higher education. And online degrees are one of the most affordable and convenient ways of earning that degree. However, determining whether an online theology degree is “worth it” depends very much on the specific student and program. Different students have different needs, ambitions, and life situations. There is no one size fits all.

An online format most often lends itself to students pursuing research, rather than those pursuing a career in teaching (though program content is a large factor as well). Furthermore, a student with a family or other responsibilities may find an online program is the best way to juggle their priorities. For many students, the shorter timeline and lower costs of an online program might be the tipping point that makes a PhD attainable. A quality online program may provide better content than a given brick-and-mortar program—format isn’t the only factor.

On the other hand, in-person interactions are far better for building relationships and networking. A high-achieving student may receive acceptance into a fully-funded brick-and-mortar program, eliminating online schooling’s chief advantage. Brick-and-mortar PhD in theology programs are far more common than online, so students have a wider range of programs to choose from.

As online learning becomes more and more popular, credible schools are building quality online programs. An online PhD in theology from an accredited school is a legitimate option for anyone pursuing a career in theology academia.

Find Online Theology PhD Programs

72 Schools Found

Amridge University

Turner School of Theology

Montgomery, Alabama

Doctor of Ministry

Offered Online

Doctorate in Biblical Studies - New Testament

Doctorate in biblical studies - old testament, doctorate in interdisciplinary studies, faulkner university.

College of Biblical Studies

Doctor of Philosophy in Biblical Studies

Huntsville bible college.

Huntsville, Alabama

Doctor of Ministry (D.Min) in Biblical Leadership

Grand canyon university.

Theology and Ministry Department

Phoenix, Arizona

Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership - Christian Ministry (Qualitative Research)

Doctor of education in organizational leadership - christian ministry (quantitative research), berkeley school of theology.

Berkeley, California

Biola University

Talbot School of Theology

La Mirada, California

Claremont School of Theology

Claremont, California

Doctor of Philosophy in Practical Theology

Epic bible college & graduate school.

Sacramento, California

King's University

Van Nuys, California

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

Doctor of ministry (dmin) - executive leadership, doctor of ministry (dmin) - messianic jewish studies, doctor of ministry (dmin) - spiritual formation and direction, doctor of ministry (dmin) - women in ministry leadership, pacific school of religion, southern california seminary.

Bible and Theology Department

El Cajon, California

Denver Seminary

Littleton, Colorado

District of Columbia

Wesley theological seminary.

Washington, District of Columbia

Saint Leo University

Religion and Theology Department

Saint Leo, Florida

Doctorate in Applied Theology

South florida bible college and theological seminary.

Deerfield Beach, Florida

Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) Degree

Southeastern university.

Ministry and Theology Department

Lakeland, Florida

Doctorate in Organizational Leadership - Ministry Leadership

St. thomas university.

Theology Department

Miami Gardens, Florida

Doctorate in Theology and Leadership

Beulah heights university.

Atlanta, Georgia

Emory University

Interdenominational theological center, luther rice college & seminary.

Lithonia, Georgia

Bexley Hall Seabury Western Theological Seminary Federation Inc.

Chicago, Illinois

Doctor of Ministry (DMin) in Congregational Development

Chicago theological seminary, moody bible institute, doctorate of ministry in biblical preaching, grace college and theological seminary.

Winona Lake, Indiana

Doctor of Ministry, Ministry Leadership

Indiana wesleyan university.

Marion, Indiana

Doctor in Ministry

Faith baptist bible college and theological seminary.

Ankeny, Iowa

Lexington Theological Seminary

Lexington, Kentucky

Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary

Louisville, Kentucky

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

School of Theology

Doctor of Educational Ministry

Calvin theological seminary.

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Bethel University

Saint Paul, Minnesota

Mississippi

Wesley biblical seminary.

Ridgeland, Mississippi

Concordia Seminary

Saint Louis, Missouri

Covenant Theological Seminary

New brunswick theological seminary.

New Brunswick, New Jersey

Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School

Rochester, New York

Fordham University

Graduate School of Religion and Religious Education

Bronx, New York

Northeastern Seminary

Doctor of ministry (d.min.), north carolina, duke university.

Divinity School

Durham, North Carolina

Hood Theological Seminary

Salisbury, North Carolina

Doctor of Ministry (DMin) in Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) Supervision

Doctor of ministry (dmin) in community advocacy and social justice ministry, doctor of ministry (dmin) in leadership ministry, doctor of ministry (dmin) in pastoral theology and care, manna university.

Fayetteville, North Carolina

Wake Forest University

Winston Salem, North Carolina

Methodist Theological School in Ohio

Delaware, Ohio

Payne Theological Seminary

Wilberforce, Ohio

Winebrenner Theological Seminary

Findlay, Ohio

Oral Roberts University

College of Theology and Ministry

Tulsa, Oklahoma

Multnomah University

Portland, Oregon

Western Seminary

Pennsylvania, clarks summit university.

Baptist Bible Seminary

Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania

Lancaster Bible College

Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Westminster Theological Seminary

Glenside, Pennsylvania

Korean Doctor of Ministry

South carolina, anderson university.

College of Christian Studies

Anderson, South Carolina

Doctor of Ministry in 21st Century Ministry

Bob jones university.

Greenville, South Carolina

Columbia International University

Columbia Biblical Seminary

Columbia, South Carolina

Doctor of Philosophy in Theological Studies

North greenville university.

Tigerville, South Carolina

Doctorate in Ministry

South university.

Department of Theology

Columbia, South Carolina | Glen Allen, Virginia | Montgomery, Alabama | Royal Palm Beach, Florida | Savannah, Georgia | Tampa, Florida

Freed-Hardeman University

Graduate School of Theology

Henderson, Tennessee

Lipscomb University

Nashville, Tennessee

Memphis Theological Seminary

Memphis, Tennessee

Pentecostal Theological Seminary

Cleveland, Tennessee

Richmont Graduate University

Chattanooga, Tennessee

Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) in Spiritual Formation and Leadership

Vanderbilt university, doctor of ministry (d.min.) in integrative chaplaincy, abilene christian university.

Abilene, Texas

Austin Graduate School of Theology

Austin, Texas

Baylor University

George W. Truett Theological Seminary

Waco, Texas

Dallas Theological Seminary

Dallas, Texas

Doctor of Educational Ministry (DEdMin)

Southwestern assemblies of god university.

Waxahachie, Texas

Doctor of Ministry (DMin) in Leaderships

Liberty university.

School of Divinity

Lynchburg, Virginia

Doctor of Education (Ed.D) in Christian Leadership

Doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and church revitalization, doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and digital discipleship, doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and ministry leadership, doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and next generation ministry, doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and spiritual formation, doctor of education (ed.d) in christian leadership and strategic christian ministry, doctor of philosophy (ph.d.) in bible exposition, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and church revitalization, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and digital discipleship, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and ministry leadership, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and next generation ministry, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and spiritual formation, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian leadership and strategic christian ministry, doctor of philosophy (ph.d) in christian worship, doctor of worship studies (dws), graduate certificate in bible exposition, graduate certificate in biblical studies, graduate certificate in christian leadership, graduate certificate in christian ministry, graduate certificate in church ministry in the digital age, graduate certificate in theological studies, graduate certificate in worship studies, regent university.

School of Education

Virginia Beach, Virginia

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in Christian Education Leadership

Doctor of ministry (d.min.) in chaplain ministry and leadership, doctor of ministry (d.min.) in christian leadership and renewal, doctor of philosophy (ph.d.) in counseling and psychological studies - marriage and family ministry, doctor of philosophy (ph.d.) in renewal theology and biblical studies, doctor of philosophy (ph.d.) in renewal theology and christian theology, education specialist (ed.s.) in educational leadership - christian education leadership, bakke graduate university.

Seattle, Washington

Nashotah House

Nashotah, Wisconsin

Doctorate in Theology Online

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Updated March 9, 2023

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Degree Options & Potential Careers

Earning a doctorate in theology online can prepare students for careers as biblical scholars. Ph.D. in theology programs may cover many religions or focus specifically on one, such as Christianity. Students can specialize in an area such as Christian leadership, clinical pastoral education, the Old Testament, or the New Testament.

Graduates of Ph.D. in theology programs most often work in academia, although some become pastors or ministry directors. This guide details the typical curricula of theology doctoral programs and reviews careers available to graduates who have earned a doctorate in theology online.

Should I Earn an Online Doctorate in Theology?

Students who earn a doctorate in theology online gain opportunities to grow professionally and personally. A doctorate is the highest degree available, and the curricula of theology doctoral programs help students gain the skills and knowledge necessary to become successful theologians and scholars.

A doctorate qualifies degree-holders for roles as professors, advanced scholars, and researchers at the university level. Doctoral candidates typically complete a dissertation on a biblical studies topic. Graduates can leverage their dissertation experience when applying for jobs, grants, and fellowships.

Doctoral students also have opportunities to pursue spiritual and personal growth. Earning a doctorate in theology online allows learners to examine their personal religious beliefs through advanced research and writing. Doctoral students can connect with peers on campus or online to share ideas and research. Additionally, learners who choose a cohort-based online program complete coursework with a small group of peers, allowing students to network and build professional relationships.

Most online doctoral programs provide access to research facilities and library resources. While completing their dissertation, students develop strong communication and analytical skills, which graduates can apply to ministry work.

What Can I Do With an Online Doctorate in Theology?

After earning a doctorate in theology online, graduates often secure positions with universities, ministries, hospitals, nonprofits, and the military. Graduates choose a career path based on their interests, skills, and specialization area.

Programs may emphasize different areas of the field. For example, a Ph.D. in theology can lead to positions teaching philosophy, religion, and theology. According to the  Bureau of Labor Statistics , the majority of religion teachers work in four-year colleges, universities, and professional schools. Religion teachers can also work for community colleges and religious organizations.

Graduates with a doctorate in theology can also advance to leadership positions within Christian ministry. These programs help students develop critical-thinking skills and an understanding of the gospel and contemporary cultures. These abilities can help graduates secure positions in the church, hospitals, schools, and nursing care facilities.

Many graduates work in social advocacy organizations, while others pursue roles at individual and family service agencies. These professionals often work as directors, supervising activities related to religious programming.

After earning a doctorate in theology online, graduates can pursue a variety of careers in academia and the ministry. Below are five occupations available to doctorate-holders in the field.

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Executive Director

Bible translator, marriage and family therapists, theology ph.d. program overview.

Earning a doctorate in theology online requires planning. Doctoral programs take a significant time commitment, beginning with the application process and culminating with a dissertation. This section includes sample curricula and common admission requirements for students pursuing a doctorate in theology online.

Application Requirements and Admission Criteria

Students interested in earning a doctorate in theology online must meet certain prerequisites. Admission requirements vary by school, but programs typically require learners to hold a master's degree from a regionally accredited institution. Applicants must generally submit transcripts demonstrating a minimum 3.0 GPA. Students must also submit an application and application fee. Some schools waive application fees for military members, veterans, and military spouses.

Some programs also require applicants to submit MAT or GRE scores. Additionally, students usually need to submit letters of recommendation, a letter of interest, a resume, and a writing sample. Many programs require students to pass a language proficiency exam to demonstrate their ability to meet second language reading requirements.

Each doctoral program in theology features its own curriculum, but most programs follow a similar structure. Generally, students work with an advisor to create a schedule and stay on track to meet program requirements and complete their dissertation. Students usually take 30-60 credits and graduate in 2-5 years. Most schools require doctoral students to complete all program requirements, including their dissertation, within seven years. Some doctoral programs offer accelerated eight-week sessions, which can help students graduate more quickly.

During the first portion of a program, students complete electives and foundation courses. As a prerequisite to their dissertation, students typically complete advanced writing and research methodology courses. Programs may also require students to pass comprehensive exams before beginning work on their dissertation.

After passing any required exams, students begin working with a dissertation advisor. Most programs include 6-15 credits of dissertation work. Although specific courses vary by program, students earning a doctorate in theology online may take the following classes.

Program Outcomes

After earning a research-intensive doctorate in theology online, students should have the advanced scriptural knowledge needed to lead congregations or teach college-level religion and philosophy courses. Doctoral students gain a solid understanding of scriptural languages, such as German, French, and Latin, which can prove useful in the church and other fields.

Doctoral students also develop research, critical-thinking, and analytical skills, which graduates often apply to roles in academia. Students learn to interpret the Bible and to form scholarly theological arguments. Doctoral students also conduct advanced research and writing while completing their dissertation, gaining skills that translate to positions in various fields.

Accreditation for Online Theology Doctoral Programs

Accreditation demonstrates that an institution meets or exceeds certain standards of quality. Many employers and institutions only recognize degrees earned from accredited schools. Regional accreditation is more prestigious than national accreditation, and attending a regionally accredited school may be required to receive certain types of funding or financial aid. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the Department of Education recognize seven regional accrediting agencies.

Doctoral programs in theology may also hold field-specific accreditation, which ensures a program's curriculum and learning outcomes prepare students to succeed in the field. Prospective students can look for theology programs with accreditation from the Commission on Accrediting of the Association of Theological Schools and the Commission on Accreditation of the Association for Biblical Higher Education.

Theology Professional Organizations

Scholars and theologians can access field-specific resources, career development opportunities, and networking events by joining a professional organization. Professionals and students in the field can join these organizations to connect with peers and develop professional networks. Members can often attend regional meetings and annual conventions. Professional organizations may also provide members with opportunities to publish and present their research.

Additional benefits for members may include access to job boards and opportunities to apply for grants and fellowships. The organizations below are well suited for theology doctoral students and graduates.

American Academy of Religion

Society of biblical literature, american council of learned societies, religious education association, american theological library association, popular resources.

Whether you’re looking to earn your online degree or you’re a parent looking for answers, you can find all of your questions covered here. Explore these resources to help you make informed decisions and prepare for whatever is thrown your way.

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Doctor of philosophy in biblical studies.

45 credit hours

Program Length

as few as 36 months

Accreditation

Nationally Accredited by ATS

Prepare to Teach the Next Generation — Earn an Accredited PhD (Biblical Studies) Fully Online

At Columbia International University, our PhD (Biblical Studies) program is designed specifically for individuals like you who have a passion for teaching in postsecondary theological higher education. If you are seeking an academic/philosophical doctoral program that equips you with the knowledge and skills necessary to engage in scholarly research and writing and make a meaningful contribution to the fields of Old Testament or New Testament Biblical Studies, our PhD (Biblical Studies) program is designed to help you reach your goal.

You will engage in rigorous academic study and engage with that explores the profound truths of Scripture, with a focus on the functional authority of Scripture.

You will develop advanced research and writing skills that allow you to contribute significantly to the field of Biblical Studies.

You will gain valuable skills in presenting your scholarly work in a professional, organized, coherent and structured manner, both in written and oral formats.

You will engage in a supervisory relationship with an experienced faculty mentor, who will help you navigate the responsibilities of your academic pursuits, while embracing spiritual growth and exemplifying Christian character.

Throughout your journey in Columbia International University’s online PhD (Biblical Studies) program, you will receive excellent academic instruction, intentional professional mentoring, and consistent academic support. You will develop the advanced research and writing skills necessary to make a scholarly contribution to the field of Biblical Studies. You will present your research findings in a professional and compelling manner. You will embrace the transformative journey of intellectual growth while embodying the principles of Victorious Christian Living. You will prepare to become a well-rounded scholar and educator, equipped to make a lasting impact in postsecondary theological higher education both nationally and internationally.

Biblical Studies is one of three concentrations within the PhD degree. Within the Biblical Studies concentration, you may pursue a wide variety of research topics. You might wish to consider a topic in an area such as Old Testament, Biblical Hebrew, Old Testament Theology, New Testament, Biblical Greek, New Testament Theology, Bible Backgrounds, or Hermeneutics. If you have questions about how your anticipated topic might fit into the concentration, contact the program director for guidance. Note: In February 2022 the ATS Board of Commissioners approved a three-year experiment to offer a non-residential PhD degree as an exception to Standard 5.15, through a combination of online courses (synchronous and asynchronous) and one-on-one faculty mentoring sessions.

The other concentrations within the PhD degree are Theological Studies and Practical Theology. (See the Concentrations below.)

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• Undergraduate

CIU’s decision to begin a PhD program in Biblical Studies following a European model has been immensely helpful. I came into the program with two master’s degrees, so the full load of coursework involved in the American PhD model would have been redundant for me. My life situation and location at the time made an overseas program a precarious option, either on-ground or online, so the structure of the program set me up for success immediately in ways no other school could.

Scott Storbakken

Why Choose Columbia International University?

At Columbia International University, we are committed to providing you with a comprehensive and enriching educational experience through our ATS-accredited PhD (Biblical Studies) program. Designed to equip you as a well-rounded scholar and educator, our program offers a unique blend of research-focused curriculum, individualized mentoring, and a flexible online modality.

As a student in our PhD (Biblical Studies) program, you will have the opportunity to delve deeply into your chosen area within the field of Biblical Studies. Through rigorous research and academic exploration, you will gain a thorough understanding of your topic, contemporary biblical studies issues, and the methods scholars use in your chosen discipline.

Mentoring lies at the heart of our program. You will receive individualized guidance and support from an experienced faculty mentor who is a renowned scholar in his or her respective fields. Your mentor will provide personalized attention and expert advice as you navigate your research journey and develop your scholarly voice.

Our online modality offers you the flexibility of pursuing your doctoral studies while balancing other commitments in your life. Through our innovative online platform, you will have access to engaging course content, interactive discussions with faculty members and peers, and valuable resources that will enhance your learning experience.

Throughout your PhD journey, we are dedicated to preparing you to make a significant contribution to scholarship in your discipline. You will develop advanced research skills, critical thinking abilities, and scholarly writing expertise that will empower you to produce high-quality academic work. We believe in fostering a collaborative academic community, where you will have opportunities to engage in scholarly conversations and present your research findings to peers and faculty.

In addition to equipping you as a scholar, our PhD (Biblical Studies) program prepares you to excel as an educator in theological higher education. Our curriculum includes pedagogical training, enabling you to teach and mentor future generations of students effectively in theological institutions both inside and outside the United States.

Benefits of our PhD (Biblical Studies) Degree

Our unique PhD program is fully-online, dissertation-focused and follows the modified-European model. It offers you the opportunity to:

• Complete your entire program using fully online modality without relocating or coming to campus.
• Pay affordable tuition that saves you up to 50% of the cost of other seminary PhD programs and includes the cost of textbooks.
• Develop your skills in research, writing and teaching, while you pursue a wide variety of research topics.
• Focus your coursework on refining your anticipated dissertation topic before beginning your research.
• Engage in synchronous small group discussion sessions that foster a sense of community with your classmates.
• Work closely with a mentor whose areas of interest and expertise align closely with your dissertation topic.
• Develop a well-rounded understanding of the knowledge related to your discipline through tutorial discussions with your mentor.
• Engage regularly and intentionally with your dissertation mentor throughout the research and writing process.
• Complete your entire program in as few as three years.

Featured Faculty

John D. Harvey

Professor of New Testament and PhD Program Director

David A. Croteau

Dean, Seminary and School of Counseling

Benjamin J. Noonan

Professor of Old Testament and Hebrew

Markus T. Klausli

Professor of New Testament and Greek

Concentrations

Doctor of philosophy in practical theology.

The Practical Theology concentration encompasses the broad areas of Chaplaincy, Preaching, Pastoral Theology, and Moral Theology. In this concentration, you may choose to focus your research in any of the major areas of practical theology. If you want to make an original and significant contribution to your area of study and, as a result, contribute to a more accurate understanding of the message of Christ as found in Scripture, the Practical Theology concentration is for you.

Doctor of Philosophy in Theological Studies

The Theological Studies concentration encompasses the broad areas of Historical Theology, Systematic Theology, and Apologetics. If you want to make an original and significant contribution to your area of study and, as a result, contribute to the understanding of a theologically-informed biblical worldview, earn your PhD in Theological Studies online with CIU.

What Will I Study?

You will survey significant contemporary issues in Old Testament or New Testament studies, explore recent advances in the study of Hebrew or Greek, and review key methods used in biblical interpretation. You will then identify an issue and a method related to the area of your proposed dissertation topic and will explore each in depth. (3)

You will review biblical perspectives on teaching and learning, survey principles of adult education, and explore best practices of course design and development. You will learn how to design lessons and courses that go beyond the communication of content to the facilitation of learning and will apply those skills to the creation of a course related to the area of your proposed dissertation topic. (3)

You will engage in guided practice of bibliographic (text-based) research that will prepare you to write a doctoral dissertation. You will learn to craft a research problem, identify appropriate research methods, locate, evaluate, and document scholarly sources, structure argumentation, and write at the doctoral level. Building upon those skills, you will write a dissertation proposal that must be approved by the Dissertation Proposal Committee before you begin the dissertation research courses.

You will demonstrate acceptable competency in either Greek or Hebrew as evaluated by biblical studies faculty members who will determine an appropriate level of proficiency. Corequisite: BIB 9200

Upon successful completion of the dissertation proposal course, your supervising professor will guide you as you engage in research for a 90,000 - 110,000 word dissertation in a selected area of biblical studies. (3-6) Repeatable.

Upon successful completion of the dissertation proposal course, your supervising professor will guide you as you engage in research for a 90,000 - 110,000 word dissertation in a selected area of biblical studies. (3-6) Repeatable. Prerequisite: BIB 9902

Upon completing your dissertation research, you will continue working under your supervising professor's direction to draft your 90,000 - 110,000 word dissertation. (3-6) Repeatable. Prerequisite: BIB 9903

Upon completing your dissertation research, you will continue working under your supervising professor's direction to draft your 90,000 - 110,000 word dissertation. (3-6) Repeatable. Prerequisite: BIB 9904

Upon successful completion of the dissertation research and writing courses and upon your supervising professors recommendation, you will submit the final draft of your 90,000 - 110,000 word dissertation to the Dissertation Defense Committee comprised of your supervising professor and two additional faculty members. Once the committee has read the dissertation, you will appear before them and defend it orally. (6) Repeatable. Prerequisite: BIB 9905

You will demonstrate acceptable competency in a research language related to your dissertation.

You will demonstrate acceptable competency in a second research language related to your dissertation.

Admission Requirements

• Online application
• Official transcripts from accredited institutions (all graduate level work)
• Completed MA, MDiv, or ThM with 3.5 GPA
• Major research paper, (20–24 pages)
• Proposed research topic (1 page plus bibliography)
• Two academic references
• Interview with admissions committee
• *International requirements when appropriate

Accreditation and Accolades

Career Path Opportunities

• Seminary Professor
• International Theological Educator
• Bible College Professor
• High School Teacher

As a Biblical Studies student, you may choose to focus your study in the areas of Old Testament, New Testament, Biblical Theology, Hermeneutics, Hebrew or Greek.

The PhD program is accredited professionally by the Association of Theological Schools (ATS), as well as regionally by SACSCOC and nationally by ABHE.

The entire PhD program uses online modality, so that you never need to come to the Columbia campus.

The three foundational seminars are largely asynchronous, but with a synchronous component. Instructors facilitate two-hour discussion group sessions of six to eight students who meet five to eight times throughout each semester.

The modified-European model combines the strengths of both the North American and European models. You enter the program with a preliminary idea of the topic for your dissertation, and the coursework in the three foundational seminars helps you refine your topic to be substantive, coherent and focused. After those seminars, you engage in your dissertation research, writing and defense, which comprises 80% of your studies.

Total tuition for the program is 25–50% lower than the cost of other seminary PhD programs and includes the cost of textbooks.

As a PhD student, you will receive a free copy of Accordance Bible Software that you may use as long as you are pursuing your doctoral studies. Upon graduation, you own the software.

If you are pursuing work related to the Old Testament, you must show transcript evidence of having completed four semesters of Hebrew plus two semesters of Greek for admission into the program. If you are pursuing work related to the New Testament, you must show transcript evidence of having completed four semesters of Greek plus two semesters of Hebrew. You will also take a qualifying examination in your primary language during your first semester of study.

In order to have as wide access as possible to scholarly literature related to your dissertation topic, Biblical Studies students demonstrate proficiency in two theological research languages as part of their PhD studies. The process of collecting a working bibliography for your dissertation usually helps you identify the specific languages you will pursue.

The wordcount for your dissertation is 90,000–110,000 words, including the introduction, the body, the footnotes, the conclusion and the bibliography, but not the front matter.

We will work with you to recruit a dissertation mentor whose areas of interest and expertise align as closely as possible with your topic. Since the majority of our mentors come from outside the seminary, the range of topics you may pursue is broad, and you have the opportunity to work closely with an expert in your field of research.

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2024 Best Online PhD in Theology Programs

Religious leadership is a weighty responsibility, but earning an online PhD in Theology can help prepare you for the task.

Through doctoral studies, you can gain a better understanding of history, scripture, worldview, ministry, and spirituality. The lessons that you take away from this program may shape your preaching, writing, teaching, or research for years to come.

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If you are serious about letting your mind be shaped by theological studies, then becoming a doctor in theology may be your next step.

Universities Offering Online PhD in Theology Degree Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

Calvary University

Calvary University offers a Doctor of Philosophy in Bible and Theology. The program can usually be completed in 4 years, including a year dedicated to a dissertation.

To be eligible for the program, applicants must have completed 18 credits in Greek and Hebrew. A personal testimony, pastoral and personal references, and a writing sample must be submitted when applying.

Calvary University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the Commission.

Christian Leadership University

Christian Leadership University offers an online Doctor of Theology. Students must complete 60 credit hours, an internship at a ministry, and a dissertation or ministry project. Up to 20 qualifying credits can be transferred into the program from previous courses or life experiences. Applicants must have an on-campus or online master’s in theology .

Christian Leadership University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Columbia International University

Columbia International University offers an online Doctor of Philosophy in Theological Studies.

Students can typically complete the program in 3 years. Of the 45 credit hours required to graduate, 36 of them come from completing a dissertation. Applicants must have a master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.5 and 2 academic references and need to complete an interview.

CIU  is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Evangelical Seminary

The Evangelical Seminary offers a Doctor of Theology. The 39 credit hours required to graduate can usually be obtained in 3 years. Students may choose between 11 separate tracks for their degree, including the Personhood Track and the Biblical Track. Applicants must have a master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0.

Evangelical Seminary is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Faulkner University

Faulkner University offers an online Doctor of Philosophy in Biblical Studies. Students must complete 54 semester hours and a dissertation to graduate. The program can usually be completed in 4 years. Applicants must have a master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0 and need to submit 3 letters of recommendation and a graduate research paper.

Faulkner University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Johnson University

Johnson University offers a PhD in Leadership Studies with the option to add a concentration in Theology of Leadership. Students must complete 60 credit hours to graduate. Applicants need to have a master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, 3 letters of reference, with one being from a pastor, and an admissions essay.

Johnson University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Lancaster Bible College

Lancaster Bible College offers a PhD in Biblical Studies. Students must complete 60 semester hours, with 20 hours dedicated to a dissertation. While the program is online, 3 residencies are required per year. Applicants must have a master’s degree in a related field with a GPA of 3.25 or higher and 3 references, one of which must be from a pastor.

Lancaster Bible College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Liberty University

Liberty University offers an online PhD in Theology and Apologetics. Students must complete 57 credit hours to graduate, and the program can typically be finished in 3.5 years. Applicants must have a master’s degree with a GPA of 3.25 or higher. A writing sample, 3 letters of reference, and GRE scores must be submitted when applying.

Liberty University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Oral Roberts University

Oral Roberts University offers an online PhD in Contextual Theology. Applicants must contact an admissions representative to apply.

The program focuses on four facets of theological reflection, including inspiration of the Bible by the Holy Spirit and the history of Christian doctrine. It also considers the cultural context of particular nations or regions and global trends in Spirit-empowered Christianity.

The university also offers an online Christian counseling degree for students interested in this career field.

Oral Roberts University  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Regent University

Regent University offers a PhD in Renewal Theology. Students can choose to add one of four concentrations to their degree: Biblical Studies, Christian Theology, Church History, or Practical Theology. A total of 60 credits are needed to graduate. Applicants must have a master’s degree and a recommendation from a clergy member.

Regent University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Online PhD in Theology Programs

Religion and academics can go hand in hand. In a theological PhD program, you’ll have the opportunity to practice your faith through study and scholarship.

A PhD is a terminal research degree. Earning it can demonstrate that you are an expert in your field of theological study. It can also show that you have the determination and dedication to conduct original research and share your findings with others.

Theology is a large field with many subdisciplines. The area of focus that you choose for your PhD might be:

• Apologetics
• Biblical hermeneutics
• New Testament studies
• Old Testament studies
• Religious history
• Systematic theology

The specialty areas that are available to you will depend on where you go to school. Some universities have set concentration tracks you can pick from. Others may allow you to customize your studies through a careful selection of classes that will contribute to your academic goals, while others may let you specifically get an on-campus or online PhD in Apologetics , for example.

Your program may consist of core theology classes, courses centered around your specialization area, and research-focused courses. The curriculum can include classes that cover ecclesiology, advanced Christian theology, and spiritual development practices.

Research classes are an important step toward preparing for your dissertation. The faculty will walk you through selecting an area of study, conducting research, and producing a scholarly manuscript.

Earning a theology PhD may enhance your ministry practice. This high level of study may improve your teaching style, or it may even prepare you for denominational leadership. An academic career can be another reason to consider PhD studies. With a doctorate, you may have the qualifications to pursue a position as a theology professor or researcher.

Theology Careers & Salaries

It’s common for people who have completed theological studies to pursue careers as members of the clergy.

Religious leaders may interpret scriptures, deliver messages, lead worship, or teach classes in their faith centers. Other responsibilities can include visiting sick people, organizing community outreaches, and providing counseling services.

Depending on the religious tradition in which a person serves, the job title can vary. In Christian denominations, clergy members are often called pastors or ministers. Other religions, though, can employ theologians too. For example, in the Jewish tradition, they may be called rabbis.

Religious leaders who work in settings other than churches or other local houses of worship may be chaplains. For example, hospitals and the military hire chaplains. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , members of the clergy make a median annual salary of $51,940.

Some theological leaders pursue careers in education. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) may qualify you to teach religion or theology to college undergraduate or graduate students. There may also be opportunities to teach religion to high schoolers, especially in private schools.

Having a doctoral degree may, in some cases, qualify you to work in postsecondary education administration. Religious colleges and seminaries, in particular, might be interested in hiring academic deans with theological backgrounds.

As a theology expert, you might be interested in the history of doctrines, denominations, or religious texts. You may want to research them as a historian or preserve artifacts as an archivist. Another idea is to share your theological insights with others through publishing. You may choose to write books or be a journalist who focuses on religion news.

Your theological background might also help you contribute toward a nonprofit or community agency’s mission. Theology graduates may end up working as a director, manager, or fundraiser.

Theology Doctoral Curriculum

For online theology doctoral programs, you will take several semesters of courses, similar to the ones listed below, before writing your dissertation.

• Biblical Hermeneutics : One of your courses may address hermeneutics, or the practice of reading and interpreting biblical texts.
• Church in Modern Times : In a class like this, you may discuss what role faith-based organizations and houses of worship should take in influencing culture and politics.
• Counseling and Spiritual Care : Religious leaders sometimes provide counseling services to parishioners, so this class can equip you with foundational care skills.
• Gospel Studies : You might closely study one or more of the four Gospels as you become better acquainted with the life of Jesus.
• Religious Expression in Art : During this course, you may be introduced to a variety of artistic works that were created as expressions of worship or to aid in worship practices.
• Spiritual Formation : In this course, you may explore spiritual practices from other eras and discuss the factors that shape a person’s spirituality.
• Theological Research : In preparation for your dissertation, you’ll learn the steps for undertaking a major research project on a theological topic.
• Theological Teaching : If an academic career is in your future, this course can equip you with skills for teaching religion and theology to college students.
• Women and Faith : Throughout history, women have played key roles in the development and practice of the Christian faith, and you can learn about some of them in this course.
• World Religions : You may take a comparative theology class in which you analyze various religious traditions from around the world to identify key differences as well as shared teachings.

A university’s course selection is often influenced by the school’s religious tradition, so you might want to select a program that aligns with your theological beliefs.

Admissions Requirements

Accredited colleges can have high standards for admission, so you may need to submit application materials like the following:

• Curriculum vitae or resume
• Master’s thesis or example of scholarly writing
• References from academic, professional, or spiritual leaders
• Signed acknowledgement of the school’s statement of faith
• Transcripts from your undergraduate and graduate studies

Some universities require scores from the GRE or a similar examination, but there are others that offer waivers or base their admissions decisions on alternative criteria.

Accreditation

Many theological schools offer doctoral degrees, but not all of those schools are accredited. The most reputable theology doctorates are issued by regionally accredited institutions .

Earning regional accreditation is a rigorous process for schools. Colleges must prove that they meet the standards of academic excellence. Both religious and secular institutions can earn regional accreditation.

Accredited degrees earn greater respect. Most employers will appreciate knowing that you earned your PhD from an academically sound school. Transferring credits to another college can sometimes depend on regional accreditation as well.

Financial Aid and Scholarships

A robust financial aid package can help make doctoral studies more affordable. Some students get enough assistance to partially or fully fund their programs.

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is typically the first step in securing assistance. As a doctoral student, you may qualify for state or federal loans with low interest rates. Government student aid can be used only at accredited universities.

Scholarships and fellowships may contribute to your financial aid package as well. These awards can sometimes be obtained directly through the college. In other cases, you’ll need to apply with outside organizations.

Doctoral programs sometimes provide tuition breaks for students who provide teaching or research services. There may even be stipends involved. Alternatively, some employers offer tuition-assistance programs. If your work offers this option, you may be able to receive a set amount of money toward your schooling each semester.

Is There a PhD in Theology?

Yes, you can earn a theology PhD. For this research degree, you may study systematic theology, church doctrine, biblical canonicity, and ministry practice. Some theological seminaries offer course topics like research methods for religion studies, theology and ethics, history of church teachings, and comparative religions.

As part of your doctoral program, you may spend several semesters engaged in a scholarly research and writing project. After completing your dissertation, you then defend it before a committee of scholars in your field.

What Is a ThD Degree?

A Doctor of Theology (ThD) is a terminal academic degree in the field of theology. It’s similar in scope and nature to a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and you can expect a ThD program to include rigorous research components.

Some universities use ThD for the doctoral programs within their divinity schools and PhD for the programs housed in other departments. ThD is one common abbreviation for this degree, but other acceptable abbreviations are DTh, DTheol, and Dr. theol.

Where Can I Get a PhD in Theology?

A variety of higher education institutions offer PhD in Theology programs. They include both religious schools and those that are typically considered more secular in nature.

In general, though, you’re much more likely to find this type of doctoral program at a theological seminary than at a state school. Online colleges offer PhD in Theology programs as well. Distance learning can be an option that allows you to earn a reputable doctorate while working a full-time job or caring for your family.

The most respected PhD programs, both on-campus and online, are offered by regionally accredited schools.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Theology?

As a theologian, you might apply your doctoral knowledge in local ministry, denominational leadership, or a chaplaincy role. PhD graduates can also pursue careers as professors, historians, or writers.

Some theologians with advanced degrees pursue leadership opportunities in nonprofit organizations. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, members of the clergy usually earn between $28,410 and $89,510 annually. The annual income for philosophy and religion professors typically ranges from $40,470 to $155,430.

Some theology students prefer to work in community services. Most social and community service managers earn between $42,230 and $115,800.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Doctorate in Theology?

It’s common for a Ph.D. to take 3 to 5 years to complete. That includes time for coursework and a dissertation.

If your theological seminary does not require a dissertation as part of the theology program, then you might be able to wrap up your studies in 3 years with full-time study. For schools that do require it, a dissertation is usually the top factor in how long a program takes. Some people spend several years finishing theirs.

Some schools allow up to 8 years of doctoral enrollment, but getting your dissertation done sooner can save you time and money.

Must I Pursue a Career in Clergy If I Have a Doctor of Theology (ThD) Degree?

While some people do plan to apply their theological studies in the local church, that’s not all you can do with this degree.

Theologians are needed in college classrooms. Some PhD graduates become religion, Bible, or theology professors. Religion experts can also share their insights through books instead of pulpits. After completing your dissertation, you might be ready to begin another research project and author a book on the topic.

Your religious convictions may also lead you to care for people in need. Some ThD graduates seek work as a community service manager or a fundraiser.

What’s the Difference Between a DMin vs. PhD in Theology?

If you are a religious leader or thinker, you might be trying to decide between a Doctor of Ministry (DMin) or a PhD in Theology. Here’s how these two degree stack up:

Despite these distinctions, either degree can help prepare you for ministry or academic work.

What’s the Difference Between a PhD in Religious Studies vs. Theology?

If you’re interested in matters of faith, you can advance your knowledge with either a religion PhD or a theology PhD.

Both religion and theology PhDs are research-focused and can lead to careers in academia.

Is a PhD in Theology Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Theology is worth it for many students. Many theologians seek a PhD to gain the qualifications for a career as a theology professor. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs for postsecondary teachers are expected to grow at a 9% rate over the next decade.

Being a spiritual leader is a great responsibility. For those in local church ministries, PhD studies can help enhance your teaching and pastoral care practices. Also, earning a theology degree can be influential in your own faith development.

Getting Your PhD in Theology Online

A PhD in Theology can help you become more familiar with your faith tradition and its teachings. As a doctoral student, you’ll engage with experts in your field, read faith-shaping books, and undertake a scholarly research project.

By the conclusion of your program, you’ll likely have a deeper understanding of doctrine with the ability to teach others. Your doctoral degree may qualify you for roles in teaching, research, or ministry.

Colleges offering online theology degree programs provide a respected approach to fitting advanced theological studies into your busy life. If you’re ready to study theology at the doctoral level, you can start by checking out regionally accredited online programs.