original research article adalah

Artikel Ilmiah: Ciri-ciri, Lengkap dengan Sistematika dan Struktur

Tujuan Artikel Ilmiah

Ciri-ciri artikel ilmiah, jenis-jenis artikel ilmiah, sistematika dan struktur menulis.

Kita perlu mengetahui apa itu artikel ilmiah jika ingin menulis karya tulis di bidang akademik tersebut. Artikel ini biasanya ditulis oleh para peneliti, ilmuwan, atau akademisi dan diterbitkan dalam jurnal ilmiah atau publikasi akademik.

Berdasarkan pemaknaan katanya, menurut KBBI kata 'artikel' sebagai kata benda berarti karya tulis lengkap, misalnya laporan berita atau esai dalam majalah, surat kabar, dan sebagainya.

Sedangkan kata 'ilmiah' merupakan kata sifat yang berarti ilmu; secara ilmu pengetahuan; memenuhi syarat (kaidah) ilmu pengetahuan. Sehingga artikel ilmiah adalah tulisan yang berisi penelitian, analisis, eksperimen, atau kajian mendalam tentang suatu topik tertentu dalam bidang ilmiah.

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Hal ini sejalan dengan staf pengajar di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) Suroso, yang memaknakan artikel ilmiah sebagai karya tulis yang dimuat dalam jurnal dengan didasarkan pada hasil penelitian atau kajian suatu permasalahan atas hasil pemikiran dan kepustakaan yang relevan.

Untuk tahu artikel ilmiah lebih dalam, yuk kenali tujuan, ciri-ciri, jenis, sistematika, beserta strukturnya.

Tujuan artikel ilmiah adalah untuk mengakumulasi dan menyebarkan ilmu pengetahuan. Terlepas dari gaya menulisnya, dilansir dari writingcenter.unc.edu, semua karya penulisan ilmiah memiliki tujuan yang sama yaitu menyajikan data dan/atau gagasan dengan tingkat kerincian yang jelas.

Sehingga memungkinkan pembaca menilai validitas hasil dan kesimpulan hanya berdasarkan fakta dan informasi yang disajikan dalam artikel tersebut.

Fungsi artikel ilmiah adalah sebagai sumbangan pengetahuan baru dalam disiplin ilmu tertentu. Karena sifatnya yang mendalam dan berdasarkan data dan bukti, artikel ilmiah merupakan sumber informasi yang penting dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.

Ciri-ciri yang perlu dipahami untuk mengenali artikel ilmiah adalah:

Presisi artinya informasi dan fakta yang tertera pada artikel terhindar dari ambiguitas atau kebingungan pembaca. Oleh karena itu, dalama artikel ilmiah perlu menjawab rumusan masalah dan memahami aspek-aspek krusial dari metodoli dan sintesis.

Jelas artinya kejelasan konsep dan metode ilmu pengetahuan seringkali sulit dipahami oleh orang awam, sehingga penulis artikel ilmiah mampu mmberikan informasi yang mudah dipahami secara rasional.

3. Objektif

Objektif artinya pernyataan apapun yang dibuat harus didasarkan pada fakta dan data yang terlampir, bukan intuisi atau opini personal penulis.

Dikutip dari Elsevier , tipe-tipe atau jenis penulisan artikel ilmiah adalah:

1. Artikel Penelitian Asli (Original Research Articles).

Jenis artikel ini merupakan penelitian orisinal yang menyajikan metodologi, temuan, analisis data, dan interpretasi hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan. Artikel ini memiliki struktur seperti latar belakang, metodologi, hasil, diskusi, dan kesimpulan.

2. Artikel Ulasan Ilmiah (Review Articles).

Artikel ini menunjukkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman literatur akademik tentang topik tertentu. Artikel ulasan tidak berfokus pada hasil penelitian baru, tetapi mengumpulkan, mengintegrasikan, dan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian yang ada dalam suatu topik.

3. Artikel Laporan Jurnal Ilmiah (Scientific Report Journals).

Artikel ini menyajikan hasil dari penelitian orisinal yang dilakukan oleh penulis atau tim peneliti yang sudah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ilmiah. Biasanya laporan ini lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan artikel utamanya.

Melalui artikel ilmiah, informasi mutakhir yang berdampak pada perkembangan ilmu bisa disampaikan dengan mudah. Mengingat karya ilmiah tersebut biasanya dipublikasi di jurnal ilmiah baik cetak atau online. Namun, sebelum artikel ilmiah dipublikasikan maka harus melalui beberapa proses pengujian.

Proses pengujian dapat dilakukan melalui peer-review-process yaitu dikurasi oleh akademisi tanpa mengetahui penulis aslinya atau secara anonim.

Selain itu, perlu melihat juga format penulisan apakah sudah sesuai dengan struktur atau tidak. Adapun struktur penulisan artikel ilmiah adalah:

Judul menjadi bagian awal artikel yang pertama kali dibaca oleh dan merupakan identitas yang mewakili isi seluruh artikel. Dalam pemilihan judul sebaiknya tidak terlalu panjang dan mudah dimengerti orang lain. Serta menempatkan kata kunci yang dianggap penting dalam keseluruhan penelitian

Abstrak berbeda dengan ringkasan. Biasanya terdiri dari 150-300 kata dan tidak boleh berbentuk kutipan, tabel, ataupun gambar. Abstrak merupakan tulisan yang singkat yang menjelaskan artikel secara lengkap dan ditulis dalam dua bahasa, yaitu bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris.

3. Kata Kunci

Pemilihan kata kunci harus mengacu pada beberapa kata-kata inti yang sesuai dengan topik.

4. Pendahuluan

Pendahuluan berisi latar belakang masalah (mengapa masalah itu diteliti, perumusan masalah, tinjauan pustaka dan keterangan-keterangan terkait tulisan. Rujukan dan landasan teori ditunjukkan dengan menulis nama penulis dan tahun penerbitan buku.

5. Metodologi Penelitian

Penjelasan rinci tentang desain penelitian, metode yang digunakan, teknik pengumpulan data, dan analisis yang dijalankan.

6. Hasil dan Analisis

Penyajian data dan temuan penelitian dalam bentuk tabel, grafik, atau narasi yang jelas. Penjelasan juga memberikan interpretasi hasil penelitian dengan pembandingan penelitian sebelumnya.

7. Kesimpulan dan Saran

Penyimpulan dari hasil penelitian dan apakah tujuan penelitian tercapai. Serta memberikan saran penulisan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.

8. Referensi

Daftar referensi atau sumber-sumber yang digunakan dalam artikel.

Nah, detikers, itu dia bahasan lengkap tentang artikel ilmiah mulai dari tujuan, ciri-ciri, jenis, dan sistematika strukturnya. Jadi, sudah siap menulis artikel ilmiah?

Kenapa Serangga Tertarik dengan Cahaya Buatan? Cek Fakta Menurut Studi

Kerja keras bisa mengalahkan bakat alami, benarkah, percikan kosmik di pluto terungkap oleh ilmuwan, ini hasil penelitiannya, kecerdasan pemain sepak bola terbukti bisa pengaruhi permainan, ini studinya, kutips: brin bagi-bagi kiat sukses lolos pengajuan proposal riset, katak ini punya teriakan ultrasonik di luar nalar, mengejutkan, ilmuwan temukan samudra raksasa 700 km di bawah permukaan bumi, telkomsel rilis hasil riset pelanggan selama ramadan, cek paparannya.

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What is an original research article?

An original research article is a report of research activity that is written by the researchers who conducted the research or experiment. Original research articles may also be referred to as: “primary research articles” or “primary scientific literature.” In science courses, instructors may also refer to these as “peer-reviewed articles” or “refereed articles.”

Original research articles in the sciences have a specific purpose, follow a scientific article format, are peer reviewed, and published in academic journals.

Identifying Original Research: What to Look For

An "original research article" is an article that is reporting original research about new data or theories that have not been previously published. That might be the results of new experiments, or newly derived models or simulations. The article will include a detailed description of the methods used to produce them, so that other researchers can verify them. This description is often found in a section called "methods" or "materials and methods" or similar. Similarly, the results will generally be described in great detail, often in a section called "results."

Since the original research article is reporting the results of new research, the authors should be the scientists who conducted that research. They will have expertise in the field, and will usually be employed by a university or research lab.

In comparison, a newspaper or magazine article (such as in  The New York Times  or  National Geographic ) will usually be written by a journalist reporting on the actions of someone else.

An original research article will be written by and for scientists who study related topics. As such, the article should use precise, technical language to ensure that other researchers have an exact understanding of what was done, how to do it, and why it matters. There will be plentiful citations to previous work, helping place the research article in a broader context. The article will be published in an academic journal, follow a scientific format, and undergo peer-review.

Original research articles in the sciences follow the scientific format. ( This tutorial from North Carolina State University illustrates some of the key features of this format.)

Look for signs of this format in the subject headings or subsections of the article. You should see the following:

Scientific research that is published in academic journals undergoes a process called "peer review."

The peer review process goes like this:

• A researcher writes a paper and sends it in to an academic journal, where it is read by an editor
• The editor then sends the article to other scientists who study similar topics, who can best evaluate the article
• The scientists/reviewers examine the article's research methodology, reasoning, originality, and sginificance
• The scientists/reviewers then make suggestions and comments to impove the paper
• The original author is then given these suggestions and comments, and makes changes as needed
• This process repeats until everyone is satisfied and the article can be published within the academic journal

For more details about this process see the Peer Reviewed Publications guide.

This journal article  is an example. It was published in the journal  Royal Society Open Science  in 2015. Clicking on the button that says "Review History" will show the comments by the editors, reviewers and the author as it went through the peer review process. The "About Us" menu provides details about this journal; "About the journal" under that tab includes the statement that the journal is peer reviewed.

Review articles

There are a variety of article types published in academic, peer-reviewed journals, but the two most common are original research articles and review articles . They can look very similar, but have different purposes and structures.

Like original research articles, review articles are aimed at scientists and undergo peer-review. Review articles often even have “abstract,” “introduction,” and “reference” sections. However, they will not (generally) have a “methods” or “results” section because they are not reporting new data or theories. Instead, they review the current state of knowledge on a topic.

Press releases, newspaper or magazine articles

These won't be in a formal scientific format or be peer reviewed. The author will usually be a journalist, and the audience will be the general public. Since most readers are not interested in the precise details of the research, the language will usually be nontechnical and broad. Citations will be rare or nonexistent.

Tips for Finding Original research Articles

Search for articles in one of the library databases recommend for your subject area . If you are using Google, try searching in Google Scholar instead and you will get results that are more likely to be original research articles than what will come up in a regular Google search!

For tips on using library databases to find articles, see our Library DIY guides .

Tips for Finding the Source of a News Report about Science

If you've seen or heard a report about a new scientific finding or claim, these tips can help you find the original source:

• Often, the report will mention where the original research was published; look for sentences like "In an article published yesterday in the journal  Nature ..." You can use this to find the issue of the journal where the research was published, and look at the table of contents to find the original article.
• The report will often name the researchers involved. You can search relevant databases for their name and the topic of the report to find the original research that way.
• Sometimes you may have to go through multiple articles to find the original source. For example, a video or blog post may be based on a newspaper article, which in turn is reporting on a scientific discovery published in another journal; be sure to find the original research article.
• Don't be afraid to ask a librarian for help!

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What is a Scientific Article?

A scientific article is a publication that is based on empirical evidence. It can support a hypothesis with original research, describe existing research or comment on current trends in a specific field. Types of scientific research include:

Original Research

• Descriptive

Methods Papers

Meta-analysis

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Content ©2016. All Rights Reserved. Date last modified: June 8, 2016. Wayne W. LaMorte, MD, PhD, MPH

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Home » Original Research – Definition, Examples, Guide

Original Research – Definition, Examples, Guide

Table of Contents

Original Research

Definition:

Original research refers to a type of research that involves the collection and analysis of new and original data to answer a specific research question or to test a hypothesis. This type of research is conducted by researchers who aim to generate new knowledge or add to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field or discipline.

Types of Original Research

There are several types of original research that researchers can conduct depending on their research question and the nature of the data they are collecting. Some of the most common types of original research include:

Basic Research

This type of research is conducted to expand scientific knowledge and to create new theories, models, or frameworks. Basic research often involves testing hypotheses and conducting experiments or observational studies.

Applied Research

This type of research is conducted to solve practical problems or to develop new products or technologies. Applied research often involves the application of basic research findings to real-world problems.

Exploratory Research

This type of research is conducted to gather preliminary data or to identify research questions that need further investigation. Exploratory research often involves collecting qualitative data through interviews, focus groups, or observations.

Descriptive Research

This type of research is conducted to describe the characteristics or behaviors of a population or a phenomenon. Descriptive research often involves collecting quantitative data through surveys, questionnaires, or other standardized instruments.

Correlational Research

This type of research is conducted to determine the relationship between two or more variables. Correlational research often involves collecting quantitative data and using statistical analyses to identify correlations between variables.

Experimental Research

This type of research is conducted to test cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Experimental research often involves manipulating one or more variables and observing the effect on an outcome variable.

Longitudinal Research

This type of research is conducted over an extended period of time to study changes in behavior or outcomes over time. Longitudinal research often involves collecting data at multiple time points.

Original Research Methods

Original research can involve various methods depending on the research question, the nature of the data, and the discipline or field of study. However, some common methods used in original research include:

This involves the manipulation of one or more variables to test a hypothesis. Experimental research is commonly used in the natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology, but can also be used in social sciences, such as psychology.

Observational Research

This involves the collection of data by observing and recording behaviors or events without manipulation. Observational research can be conducted in the natural setting of the behavior or in a laboratory setting.

Survey Research

This involves the collection of data from a sample of participants using questionnaires or interviews. Survey research is commonly used in social sciences, such as sociology, political science, and economics.

Case Study Research

This involves the in-depth analysis of a single case, such as an individual, organization, or event. Case study research is commonly used in social sciences and business studies.

Qualitative research

This involves the collection and analysis of non-numerical data, such as interviews, focus groups, and observation notes. Qualitative research is commonly used in social sciences, such as anthropology, sociology, and psychology.

Quantitative research

This involves the collection and analysis of numerical data using statistical methods. Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as in social sciences, such as psychology and economics.

Researchers may also use a combination of these methods in their original research depending on their research question and the nature of their data.

Data Collection Methods

There are several data collection methods that researchers can use in original research, depending on the nature of the research question and the type of data that needs to be collected. Some of the most common data collection methods include:

• Surveys : Surveys involve asking participants to respond to a series of questions about their attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, or experiences. Surveys can be conducted in person, over the phone, through email, or online.
• Interviews : Interviews involve asking participants open-ended questions about their experiences, beliefs, or behaviors. Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.
• Observations : Observations involve observing and recording participants’ behaviors or interactions in a natural or laboratory setting. Observations can be conducted using structured or unstructured methods.
• Experiments : Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables and observing the effect on an outcome variable. Experiments can be conducted in a laboratory or in the natural environment.
• Case studies: Case studies involve conducting an in-depth analysis of a single case, such as an individual, organization, or event. Case studies can involve the collection of qualitative or quantitative data.
• Focus groups: Focus groups involve bringing together a small group of participants to discuss a specific topic or issue. Focus groups can be conducted in person or online.
• Document analysis: Document analysis involves collecting and analyzing written or visual materials, such as reports, memos, or videos, to answer research questions.

Data Analysis Methods

Once data has been collected in original research, it needs to be analyzed to answer research questions and draw conclusions. There are various data analysis methods that researchers can use, depending on the type of data collected and the research question. Some common data analysis methods used in original research include:

• Descriptive statistics: This involves using statistical measures such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation to describe the characteristics of the data.
• Inferential statistics: This involves using statistical methods to infer conclusions about a population based on a sample of data.
• Regression analysis: This involves examining the relationship between two or more variables by using statistical models that predict the value of one variable based on the value of one or more other variables.
• Content analysis: This involves analyzing written or visual materials, such as documents, videos, or social media posts, to identify patterns, themes, or trends.
• Qualitative analysis: This involves analyzing non-numerical data, such as interview transcripts or observation notes, to identify themes, patterns, or categories.
• Grounded theory: This involves developing a theory or model based on the data collected in the study.
• Mixed methods analysis: This involves combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research question.

How to Conduct Original Research

Conducting original research involves several steps that researchers need to follow to ensure that their research is valid, reliable, and produces meaningful results. Here are some general steps that researchers can follow to conduct original research:

• Identify the research question: The first step in conducting original research is to identify a research question that is relevant, significant, and feasible. The research question should be specific and focused to guide the research process.
• Conduct a literature review: Once the research question is identified, researchers should conduct a thorough literature review to identify existing research on the topic. This will help them identify gaps in the existing knowledge and develop a research plan that builds on previous research.
• Develop a research plan: Researchers should develop a research plan that outlines the methods they will use to collect and analyze data. The research plan should be detailed and include information on the population and sample, data collection methods, data analysis methods, and ethical considerations.
• Collect data: Once the research plan is developed, researchers can begin collecting data using the methods identified in the plan. It is important to ensure that the data collection process is consistent and accurate to ensure the validity and reliability of the data.
• Analyze data: Once the data is collected, researchers should analyze it using appropriate data analysis methods. This will help them answer the research question and draw conclusions from the data.
• Interpret results: After analyzing the data, researchers should interpret the results and draw conclusions based on the findings. This will help them answer the research question and make recommendations for future research or practical applications.
• Communicate findings: Finally, researchers should communicate their findings to the appropriate audience using a format that is appropriate for the research question and audience. This may include writing a research paper, presenting at a conference, or creating a report for a client or stakeholder.

Purpose of Original Research

The purpose of original research is to generate new knowledge and understanding in a particular field of study. Original research is conducted to address a research question, hypothesis, or problem and to produce empirical evidence that can be used to inform theory, policy, and practice. By conducting original research, researchers can:

• Expand the existing knowledge base: Original research helps to expand the existing knowledge base by providing new information and insights into a particular phenomenon. This information can be used to develop new theories, models, or frameworks that explain the phenomenon in greater depth.
• Test existing theories and hypotheses: Original research can be used to test existing theories and hypotheses by collecting empirical evidence and analyzing the data. This can help to refine or modify existing theories, or to develop new ones that better explain the phenomenon.
• Identify gaps in the existing knowledge: Original research can help to identify gaps in the existing knowledge base by highlighting areas where further research is needed. This can help to guide future research and identify new research questions that need to be addressed.
• Inform policy and practice: Original research can be used to inform policy and practice by providing empirical evidence that can be used to make decisions and develop interventions. This can help to improve the quality of life for individuals and communities, and to address social, economic, and environmental challenges.

How to publish Original Research

Publishing original research involves several steps that researchers need to follow to ensure that their research is accepted and published in reputable academic journals. Here are some general steps that researchers can follow to publish their original research:

• Select a suitable journal: Researchers should identify a suitable academic journal that publishes research in their field of study. The journal should have a good reputation and a high impact factor, and should be a good fit for the research topic and methods used.
• Review the submission guidelines: Once a suitable journal is identified, researchers should review the submission guidelines to ensure that their manuscript meets the journal’s requirements. The guidelines may include requirements for formatting, length, and content.
• Write the manuscript : Researchers should write the manuscript in accordance with the submission guidelines and academic standards. The manuscript should include a clear research question or hypothesis, a description of the research methods used, an analysis of the data collected, and a discussion of the results and their implications.
• Submit the manuscript: Once the manuscript is written, researchers should submit it to the selected journal. The submission process may require the submission of a cover letter, abstract, and other supporting documents.
• Respond to reviewer feedback: After the manuscript is submitted, it will be reviewed by experts in the field who will provide feedback on the quality and suitability of the research. Researchers should carefully review the feedback and revise the manuscript accordingly.
• Respond to editorial feedback: Once the manuscript is revised, it will be reviewed by the journal’s editorial team who will provide feedback on the formatting, style, and content of the manuscript. Researchers should respond to this feedback and make any necessary revisions.
• Acceptance and publication: If the manuscript is accepted, the journal will inform the researchers and the manuscript will be published in the journal. If the manuscript is not accepted, researchers can submit it to another journal or revise it further based on the feedback received.

How to Identify Original Research

To identify original research, there are several factors to consider:

• The research question: Original research typically starts with a novel research question or hypothesis that has not been previously explored or answered in the existing literature.
• The research design: Original research should have a clear and well-designed research methodology that follows appropriate scientific standards. The methodology should be described in detail in the research article.
• The data: Original research should include new data that has not been previously published or analyzed. The data should be collected using appropriate research methods and analyzed using valid statistical methods.
• The results: Original research should present new findings or insights that have not been previously reported in the existing literature. The results should be presented clearly and objectively, and should be supported by the data collected.
• The discussion and conclusions: Original research should provide a clear and objective interpretation of the results, and should discuss the implications of the research findings. The discussion and conclusions should be based on the data collected and the research question or hypothesis.
• The references: Original research should be supported by references to existing literature, which should be cited appropriately in the research article.

Advantages of Original Research

Original research has several advantages, including:

• Generates new knowledge: Original research is conducted to answer novel research questions or hypotheses, which can generate new knowledge and insights into various fields of study.
• Supports evidence-based decision making: Original research provides empirical evidence that can inform decision-making in various fields, such as medicine, public policy, and business.
• Enhances academic and professional reputation: Conducting original research and publishing in reputable academic journals can enhance a researcher’s academic and professional reputation.
• Provides opportunities for collaboration: Original research can provide opportunities for collaboration between researchers, institutions, and organizations, which can lead to new partnerships and research projects.
• Advances scientific and technological progress: Original research can contribute to scientific and technological progress by providing new knowledge and insights into various fields of study, which can inform further research and development.
• Can lead to practical applications: Original research can have practical applications in various fields, such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences, which can lead to new products, services, and policies that benefit society.

Limitations of Original Research

Original research also has some limitations, which include:

• Time and resource constraints: Original research can be time-consuming and expensive, requiring significant resources to design, execute, and analyze the research data.
• Ethical considerations: Conducting original research may raise ethical considerations, such as ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of research participants, obtaining informed consent, and avoiding conflicts of interest.
• Risk of bias: Original research may be subject to biases, such as selection bias, measurement bias, and publication bias, which can affect the validity and reliability of the research findings.
• Generalizability: Original research findings may not be generalizable to larger populations or different contexts, which can limit the applicability of the research findings.
• Replicability: Original research may be difficult to replicate, which can limit the ability of other researchers to verify the research findings.
• Limited scope: Original research may have a limited scope, focusing on a specific research question or hypothesis, which can limit the breadth of the research findings.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Types of journal manuscripts

There are several different types of journal manuscripts, including Rapid Communications, Original Research, Review Articles, and Case Studies.

Original Research:

This is the most common type of journal manuscript. It may be called an Original Article,Research Article, or just Article, depending on the journal. The Original Research format is suitable for many different fields and different types of studies. It includes full Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.

Rapid Communications:

These papers communicate findings that editors believe will be interesting to many researchers, and that will likely stimulate further research in the field. Rapid Communicationsare usually published soon after submission to the journal, so this format is useful for scientists with results that are time sensitive (for example, those in highly competitive or quickly-changing disciplines). This format often has strict length limits, so some experimentaldetails may not be published until the authors write a full Original Research manuscript. Many journals also refer to this type of manuscript as a Letter.

Review Articles:

Review Articles provide a comprehensive summary of research on a certain topic, and a perspective on the state of the field and where it is heading. They are often written by leaders in a particular discipline after invitation from the editors of a journal. Reviews are often widely read (for example, by researchers looking for a full introduction to a field) and highly cited.Reviews commonly cite approximately 100 primary research articles.

If you would like to write a Review but have not been invited by a journal, be sure to send a presubmission enquiry letter to the journal editor to propose your Review manuscript before you spend time writing it.

Case Studies:

These articles report specific instances of interesting phenomena. A goal of Case Studies is to make other researchers aware of the possibility that a specific phenomenon might occur. This type of study is often used in medicine to report the occurrence of previously unknown or emerging pathologies.

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• 2 Nursing Reference Center Plus
• 2 Off-campus
• 8 Opposing Viewpoints
• 5 Original Research
• 8 Peer reviewed
• 4 Primary Source
• 14 Proquest
• 3 Qualitative
• 3 Quantitative
• 10 Reference
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• 4 Search or Searching
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Research Help Question

Research help answer.

Many original research articles are not labeled as original research articles.  Original research articles include a research question or hypothesis.  They usually contain most of the following sections: methods, results, discussion, conclusion and references.  An original research article is written by the person or people that conducted the experiment or observations.  Original research articles are considered empirical or primary sources and present an original study.

Articles that look at multiple studies are not considered original research articles.  Search library databases using keywords like “study or “case study” to increase your chances of locating original research articles. 

For information on how to find an original research article that is not meta-analysis, not meta-synthesis and not mixed method, go to  https://westcoastuniversitylibrary.libanswers.com/research/faq/291851 .

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Original Research Articles

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Research articles, empirical, research primary research, are based on original research. If you need to limit your sources to research articles, you must be able to tell the difference. Most research articles will contain the following:

A summary of the article. (Note: Abstracts appear in reviews or secondary articles as well.)

Sometimes called "methodology" or "materials and methods," this section describes the author's research methods and tools: experiment, survey, data sources, etc.

Results  

Also called "findings," this is the section of the article in which raw data are presented.

Discussion  

Sometimes called "analysis," this is the section in which the author analyzes the data.

The author's conclusions based on the analysis.

List of references to works cited in the article.

These standard parts of a research article may not always be labeled, and sometimes they are combined (for example, "Data and Methods"). Still, every research article indicates what methods and tools were used to conduct the research, what the results were, and how the author interprets those results.

Not every article in a scholarly journal contains research or analysis. Scholarly journals may also include:

• Literature reviews - often reviews original research
• Book reviews
• Meta-Analysis or systematic reviews - analysis of original research 
• Editorials or commentaries
• Speeches and interviews
• Conference reports

These are not original or primary research articles. 

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What is Original Research?

Original research is considered a primary source.

An article is considered original research if...

• it is the report of a study written by the researchers who actually did the study.
• the researchers describe their hypothesis or research question and the purpose of the study.
• the researchers detail their research methods.
• the results of the research are reported.
• the researchers interpret their results and discuss possible implications.

There is no one way to easily tell if an article is a research article like there is for peer-reviewed articles in the Ulrich's database. The only way to be sure is to read the article to verify that it is written by the researchers and that they have explained all of their findings, in addition to listing their methodologies, results, and any conclusions based on the evidence collected. 

All that being said, there are a few key indicators that will help you to quickly decide whether or not your article is based on original research. 

• Literature Review or Background
• Conclusions
• Read through the abstract (summary) before you attempt to find the full-text PDF. The abstract of the article usually contains those subdivision headings where each of the key sections are summarized individually. 
• Use the checkbox with CINAHL's advanced search to only see articles that have been tagged as research articles.   
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ENGL 101/102

• Background information and exploring your topic
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Finding original research articles

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Finding Research Articles About Your Topic

What kind of research has been done on your topic? Where can you find original research articles that have been published in peer-reviewed journals?  Use this page to learn about sources for finding peer-reviewed original research articles . Also, learn about  the nature and characteristics of peer-reviewed and original research articles.

Best bets for Original Research Articles-- Library databases for ENGL102

<p>Also explore the <a href="https://researchguides.njit.edu/az.php">Library&#39;s AZ Database list </a>to find scholarly resources dedicated to specific subjects (Psychology, Education, Transportation, etc.)</p>

Also explore the Library's A-Z Database list to find scholarly resources dedicated to specific subjects (Psychology, Education, Transportation, etc.)

Understanding Peer Review and Original Research

Understanding what peer review is all about.

What is a peer-reviewed article anyways? What is the big deal about peer review? What is it? How does it work? Why do my instructors ask me to find peer-reviewed articles to use in my paper? If an article has been "Peer reviewed" it has earned a kind of authority and credibility from an academic/scientific community. It's a process that research has to go through before it is published. When we're talking about peer review, we're usually talking about scholarly and academic publications. They are usually original research -- research that's never been done before.  

Consult these sources to learn more about it:

Learn about peer review -- and its imperfections -- by watching All About Peer Review , a video from the CSUDH Library. Consult the Research Guide on Peer Review from NJIT Library to learn more. Watch Peer Review in 5 minutes from NCSU Library to learn more about the process of peer review and how to identify peer reviewed research. Read the information sheet What's the Difference? from Purdue University. Look over the peer-review process infographic on the LibGuide from UC San Diego. Want to learn more? Read Peer Review in Scientific Publications: Benefits, Critiques & A Survival Guide for an extensive and in-depth treatment of peer review including its history and problems.

What do peer-reviewed articles look like?

What do peer reviewed articles look like.

Probably the most known peer-reviewed journal is Nature . Take a look at the current issue of Nature -- notice that it has all kinds of articles of interest to a lot of people -- news, editorials, book reviews. Take a look at the "Research Articles" section. There you will see the peer reviewed articles from Nature such as: Physiological measurements in social acceptance of self driving technologies Modeling innovation in the cryptocurrency ecosystem Human preferences toward algorithmic bias in a word association task Notice that the articles have a "received" or "submitted", "accepted by" and "published" dates. These are the marking of peer reviewed articles -- finding these dates can be a quick and easy way of identifying peer-reviewed research. These articles also describe an original scientific study or experiment. They follow the scientific method and have sections with names like "Introduction", "Methodology", "Results", etc. Peer-reviewed articles often, but don't always, have multiple authors whose affiliations are given in the article.

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• Planning to Write

Slide deck: 4 Steps to follow when writing an original research article

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Original research articles constitute a major portion of academic journal publishing. These slides will help you with four important steps to of writing an original research article: choosing a research question, doing a literature search, structuring a manuscript, and formatting a research paper.

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Pengertian Artikel Jurnal Ilmiah Pengganti Skripsi dan Cara Membuatnya

Dilansir CNN Indonesia , keputusan itu ia keluarkan sebagai kebijakan khusus penyelenggaraan perkuliahan bagi mahasiswa PTKIN saat masa pandemi virus corona (Covid-19).

Pengertian Artikel Ilmiah

Pengertian jurnal ilmiah, cara membuat artikel ilmiah.

• Nama Penulis — tanpa gelar akademik
• Abstrak –ringkasan tulisan, gambaran umum isi artikel.
• Kata Kunci –3-5 keywords.
• Pendahuluan — latar belakang masalah dan rumusan singkat (1-2 kalimat) pokok bahasan dan tujuannya.
• Kerangka Teori (Kajian Teori) –dasar teori yang menjadi acuan.
• Pembahasan –kupasan, analisis, argumentasi, komparasi, keputusan, dan pendirian atau sikap penulis
• Penutup — simpulan dan saran
• Daftar Pustaka.

Response (1)

Can you provide insights into how the evaluation and assessment process might differ for a scientific journal article compared to a traditional thesis? greeting : https://campuslife.telkomuniversity.ac.id/2023/08/21/romantisasi-kehidupan-kampus-hal-kecil-yang-terlewatkan/

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Content and form of original research articles in general major medical journals

Affiliations.

• 1 Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik (IMBS), Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum-Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
• 2 Cardio-CARE, Medizincampus Davos, Davos, Switzerland.
• 3 School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
• 4 Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
• 5 Centre for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
• 6 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• PMID: 37379299
• PMCID: PMC10306213
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287677

The title of an article is the main entrance for reading the full article. The aim of our work therefore is to examine differences of title content and form between original research articles and its changes over time. Using PubMed we examined title properties of 500 randomly chosen original research articles published in the general major medical journals BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, NEJM and PLOS Medicine between 2011 and 2020. Articles were manually evaluated with two independent raters. To analyze differences between journals and changes over time, we performed random effect meta-analyses and logistic regression models. Mentioning of results, providing any quantitative or semi-quantitative information, using a declarative title, a dash or a question mark were rarely used in the title in all considered journals. The use of a subtitle, methods-related items, such as mentioning of methods, clinical context or treatment increased over time (all p < 0.05), while the use of phrasal tiles decreased over time (p = 0.044). Not a single NEJM title contained a study name, while the Lancet had the highest usage of it (45%). The use of study names increased over time (per year odds ratio: 1.13 (95% CI: [1.03‒1.24]), p = 0.008). Investigating title content and form was time-consuming because some criteria could only be adequately evaluated by hand. Title content changed over time and differed substantially between the five major medical journals. Authors are advised to carefully study titles of journal articles in their target journal prior to manuscript submission.

Copyright: © 2023 Heßler, Ziegler. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Perbedaan Artikel Riset dan Artikel Review

Ternyata artikel ( paper ) dalam jurnal ada dua jenis, yaitu artikel riset yang merupakan laporan hasil penelitian dan artikel review yang berisi pembahasan terhadap trend perkembangan riset penulis-penulis lainnya. Walaupun artikel review hanya membahas/me-review artikel-artikel riset peneliti lain, tetapi sangat dibutuhkan oleh orang-orang yang ingin memulai penelitian, biasanya para mahasiswa, terutama program master atau doktoral. Artikel review juga memiliki keunggulan dari sisi jumlah sitasi yang biasanya banyak. Berikut perbedaan-perbedaan antara dua jenis artikel tersebut.

Tujuan Artikel

Artikel riset membahas laporan riset yang menjawab pertanyaan riset penulis. Keoriginalitasan dan keunikan menjadi penentu kualitas tulisan. Sementara artikel review mengkritisi tulisan orang lain (kelemahan dan kelebihan). Artikel review membutuhkan artikel yang banyak untuk dikritisi. Pengalaman penulis terkadang menentukan kualitas artikel review.

Basis Tulisan

Artikel riset berasal dari hasil penelitian yang original seorang penulis. Oleh karena itu sering disebut sumber tulisan primer. Sementara itu artikel review berasal dari tulisan orang lain (bukan original). Walaupun demikian tetap saja tulisan jenis ini dibutuhkan karena memberikan informasi-informasi penting terkait dengan trend terkini suatu penelitian.

Cara Penulisan

Artikel riset menulis berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengumpulan data dan tahapan-tahapan riset lainnya (dari analisis hingga kesimpulan). Berbeda dengan artikel riset yang berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian, artikel review berdasarkan pemilihan penulis terhadap topik khusus yang akan dibahas dilanjutkan dengan menampilkan overview dari artikel-artikel yang diteliti.

Apa yang Dilaporkan

Artikel riset menulis abstrak, hipotesa, background study, metodologi, hasil dan interpretasi temuan hingga hasil, temuan, dan riset yang akan datang. Sementara itu pada artikel review penulis mendeteksi variasi-variasi antara satu artikel dengan artikel lainnya. Terkadang terjadi konflik antara satu artikel dengan artikel lainnya. Penulis kemudian mendeteksi mengapa terjadi kontradiksi pada tulisan-tulisan tersebut berdasarkan riset yang dilaporkan tulisan tersebut.

Panjang Tulisan

Artikel riset (3000-6000 halaman, bahkan ada yang 12000) umumnya lebih panjang dibanding artikel review (3000-5000). Artikel riset memiliki tujuan lainnya yaitu agar riset dapat diduplikasi/diulang oleh peneliti lain, sehingga butuh informasi lengkap mengenai data dan metodenya.

Artikel review memiliki tiga bentuk yaitu naratif, sistematik dan meta-analysis. Bentuk naratif berisi penjelasan suatu artikel yang dipublikasikan. Sementara itu, sistematik lebih mendalam dari sisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang dijawab dalam suatu riset. Meta-analysis membandingkan dan mengkombinasikan temuan-temuan artikel-artikel riset. Agar artikel review bisa “ accepted ” di journal internasional perlu terlebih dahulu memperhatikan kelayakan tulisan kita untuk dipublikasikan. Beberapa kampus yang membuka program doktoral yang mensyaratkan publikasi jurnal tidak mengakui artikel review sebagai syarat lulus. Oleh karena itu tidak disarankan bagi mahasiswa doktoral menulis jenis artikel review ini. Sekian semoga bermanfaat.

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sedikit mendapatkan pencerahan dari tulisan Bapak, namun jika boleh menanyakan hal lebih lanjut, di Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), yang merupakan almamater Bapak menawarkan studi dengan jalur Thesis dan Research Study, itu bedanya apa ya? terima kasih

setahu saya utk doktoral hanya jalur kuliah+riset. Research study itu pilihan pengganti kuliah biasa (isinya berupa penelitian kecil) tetapi tetap harus ada kuliah wajib. Thesis tetap ada (master thessis dan doctoral thessis).

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ADENINE young researcher's guide to writing an original research article

Planning to Write

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Journals publish different types of articles ; however, perhaps the most valued publications are original conduct articles. Original explore articles am primary sources of scientific literature and present an original study. Authors have to conduct research on a particular topic thanks experiments, surveys, listening, etc. additionally report the findings of their study through original research articles. This post will help you understands what an original doing books is and how until approach it.

What does an original research article mean?

Available a manuscript to be considered an original research article, the follows conditions need at is met :

• It should are written by the researchers who actually conducted one study.
• It should include one hypothesis or research question, the purpose of the study, and the information a one research methods.
• The research findings should be reported.
• These findings should be interpreted and possible implications discussed.

Notes the even if a study makes non produce positive results, it has regarded such original research and ability be published.  A study is said to has negatory results when findings proving that an hypothesis was wrong. Does, this is also an important learning such other researchers will benefit from. So negative results should also been issued. Sorrow, many architects and journal journal have a publication bias and do none prefer studies from negative findings . However, the scientific community has started realizing which not issue negative erfolge can slow down the progress of science. Hence, certain magazines such as  Journal of Pessimistic Befunde in Biomedicine ,  PLOS ON , and  The All Scores Journals  are proactively countering publication biases by hopeful researchers the publish negative erfolge.

How to approach an original exploration article?

Conducting original research real writing an article on it canister indeed shall a daunting your. In the beginning, most researchers feels lost both will unsure and confused about what they want to research upon and how to go about it. However, if you getting step to step, you will live able to form a clear idea of how to conduct your research and write this category. Here are a few important steps in an research writing process:

1. Choosing an research question

In order to begin your research, you first need to choose a research question . However, you cannot do this unless you need read a substantial amount away published literature in the field of your research. Develop a habit of regularly reading mathematical literature . This will give your one idea of some of the existing problems in your field of interest. Think about these problems and discuss your thoughts with your advisor before yours decide which problem you would please at address. You requirement to consider either your interest or the feasibility of the idea before finalizing your choose question.

2. Doing a literature search

Once you have finalized your research question, to need to do an extensive literature search . Plant your literature search well. You able choose a systematize approach by trying to advanced for all relevant material on the topic. You can also adopt a retrospective approach due finding the most recent raw and working your way backward. You force also need the follow important citations that you come crosswise. You will need to application books, journal featured, and other related sources of information as as government reports, online databases, others. Keep a writing record of your searches as this will be very helpful when writing the references and zitations in choose manuscript.

3. Structuring a research article

The originally research article usually follows a definite set . The most commonly used structure of a research art includes who following sections: Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Panel. This is called the IMRaD structure .

• Introduction: The introduction provides background information and explains what to study is about and the aim behind it.
• Methods: The methods sectional gives a detailed explanation of instructions you perform owner research also the materials you used. Here shall done so which other researchers can replicate your research and reproduce one conclusions.
• Results: This section gives your research review in detail along with all this data .
• Discussion: This section interprets the findings and discuss the impact that your research may have on the block of review.

Make sure you cite all the show you have used in thine paper. Inches the end, provide a detailed reference list of all aforementioned springs you must used.

4. Formatting who paper

Once you are done with writings the paper, it be time to format it. Generally, each journals has a our style, and you have to format your paper according to the style of the journal you are submitting for. This can be a tedious action, particularly if your paper is rejected additionally you got to re-format it when submitting it to others journal. One way to make all process less tedious is to following a standard format basic on a widely used style leaders in your field. Format your paper using some general guidelines presented in that fashion guide. This willingly induce it easier for them for you willing only have to make a few modifications at the hour of submission to suit the paper style.

If thee have any doubts or questions, you can submit them in the comments section below. Alternatively, you can or post a question on our Q&A forum , if you are faceplate a problem and must expert magazine advice. 

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Physical Fitness Linked to Better Mental Health in Young People

A new study bolsters existing research suggesting that exercise can protect against anxiety, depression and attention challenges.

By Matt Richtel

Physical fitness among children and adolescents may protect against developing depressive symptoms, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, according to a study published on Monday in JAMA Pediatrics.

The study also found that better performance in cardiovascular activities, strength and muscular endurance were each associated with greater protection against such mental health conditions. The researchers deemed this linkage “dose-dependent,” suggesting that a child or adolescent who is more fit may be accordingly less likely to experience the onset of a mental health disorder.

These findings come amid a surge of mental health diagnoses among children and adolescents, in the United States and abroad, that have prompted efforts to understand and curb the problem.

The new study, conducted by researchers in Taiwan, compared data from two large data sets: the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests, which measures student fitness performance in schools, and the National Insurance Research Databases, which records medical claims, diagnoses prescriptions and other medical information. The researchers did not have access to the students’ names but were able to use the anonymized data to compare the students’ physical fitness and mental health results.

The risk of mental health disorder was weighted against three metrics for physical fitness: cardio fitness, as measured by a student’s time in an 800-meter run; muscle endurance, indicated by the number of situps performed; and muscle power, measured by the standing broad jump.

Improved performance in each activity was linked with a lower risk of mental health disorder. For instance, a 30-second decrease in 800-meter time was associated, in girls, with a lower risk of anxiety, depression and A.D.H.D. In boys, it was associated with lower anxiety and risk of the disorder.

An increase of five situps per minute was associated with lower anxiety and risk of the disorder in boys, and with decreased risk of depression and anxiety in girls.

“These findings suggest the potential of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness as protective factors in mitigating the onset of mental health disorders among children and adolescents,” the researchers wrote in the journal article.

Physical and mental health were already assumed to be linked , they added, but previous research had relied largely on questionnaires and self-reports, whereas the new study drew from independent assessments and objective standards.

The Big Picture

The surgeon general, Dr. Vivek H. Murthy, has called mental health “the defining public health crisis of our time,” and he has made adolescent mental health central to his mission. In 2021 he issued a rare public advisory on the topic. Statistics at the time revealed alarming trends: From 2001 to 2019, the suicide rate for Americans ages 10 to 19 rose 40 percent, and emergency visits related to self-harm rose 88 percent.

Some policymakers and researchers have blamed the sharp increase on the heavy use of social media, but research has been limited and the findings sometimes contradictory. Other experts theorize that heavy screen use has affected adolescent mental health by displacing sleep, exercise and in-person activity, all of which are considered vital to healthy development. The new study appeared to support the link between physical fitness and mental health.

“The finding underscores the need for further research into targeted physical fitness programs,” its authors concluded. Such programs, they added, “hold significant potential as primary preventative interventions against mental disorders in children and adolescents.”

Matt Richtel is a health and science reporter for The Times, based in Boulder, Colo. More about Matt Richtel

Understanding A.D.H.D.

The challenges faced by those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be daunting. but people who are diagnosed with it can still thrive..

Millions of children in the United States have received a diagnosis of A.D.H.D . Here is how their families can support them .

The condition is also being recognized more in adults . These are some of the behaviors  that might be associated with adult A.D.H.D.

Since a nationwide Adderall shortage started, some people with A.D.H.D. have said their medication no longer helps with their symptoms. But there could be other factors at play .

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Though meditation can be beneficial to those with A.D.H.D., sitting still and focusing on breathing can be hard for them. These tips can help .

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Healthy lifestyle may offset genetics by 60% and add five years to life, study says

Genetics alone can mean a 21% greater risk of early death, research finds, but people can improve their chances

A healthy lifestyle may offset the impact of genetics by more than 60% and add another five years to your life, according to the first study of its kind.

It is well established that some people are genetically predisposed to a shorter lifespan. It is also well known that lifestyle factors, specifically smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity, can have an impact on longevity.

However, until now there has been no investigation to understand the extent to which a healthy lifestyle may counterbalance genetics.

Findings from several long-term studies suggest a healthy lifestyle could offset effects of life-shortening genes by 62% and add as much as five years to your life. The results were published in the journal BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine .

“This study elucidates the pivotal role of a healthy lifestyle in mitigating the impact of genetic factors on lifespan reduction,” the researchers concluded. “Public health policies for improving healthy lifestyles would serve as potent complements to conventional healthcare and mitigate the influence of genetic factors on human lifespan.”

The study involved 353,742 people from the UK Biobank and showed that those with a high genetic risk of a shorter life have a 21% increased risk of early death compared with those with a low genetic risk, regardless of their lifestyle.

Meanwhile, people with unhealthy lifestyles have a 78% increased chance of early death, regardless of their genetic risk, researchers from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China and the University of Edinburgh found.

The study added that having an unhealthy lifestyle and shorter lifespan genes more than doubled the risk of early death compared with people with luckier genes and healthy lifestyles.

However, researchers found that people did appear to have a degree of control over what happened. The genetic risk of a shorter lifespan or premature death may be offset by a favourable lifestyle by about 62%, they found.

They wrote: “Participants with high genetic risk could prolong approximately 5.22 years of life expectancy at age 40 with a favourable lifestyle.”

The “optimal lifestyle combination” for a longer life was found to be “never smoking, regular physical activity, adequate sleep duration and healthy diet”.

The study followed people for 13 years on average, during which time 24,239 deaths occurred. People were grouped into three genetically determined lifespan categories including long (20.1%), intermediate (60.1%) and short (19.8%), and three lifestyle score categories including favourable (23.1%), intermediate (55.6%) and unfavourable (21.3%).

Researchers used polygenic risk scores to look at multiple genetic variants to arrive at a person’s overall genetic predisposition to a longer or shorter life. Other scores looked at whether people smoked, drank alcohol, took exercise, their body shape, healthy diet and sleep.

Matt Lambert, the health information and promotion manager at the World Cancer Research Fund, said: “This new research shows that, despite genetic factors, living a healthy lifestyle, including eating a balanced nutritious diet and keeping active, can help us live longer.”

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