list of symbols master thesis

Community Blog

Keep up-to-date on postgraduate related issues with our quick reads written by students, postdocs, professors and industry leaders.

List of Abbreviations for a Thesis or Dissertation

By DiscoverPhDs
September 14, 2020

What are Abbreviations and Acronyms?

An abbreviation is a shortened version of a term or phrase, e.g. kg for kilogram or Dr. for doctor.

An acronym is a type of abbreviation constructed from the first letters of a term, e.g. FRP for Fibre Reinforced Polymer or STEM for Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths.

List of Abbreviations in a Thesis or Dissertation

If your thesis or dissertation contains several symbols or abbreviations, it would be beneficial to include a list of abbreviations to assist your reader. This is a list sorted in alphabetical order that gives their definitions.

This will not only help the reader better understand your research, but it will also improve the flow of your paper, as it prevents continually having to define abbreviations in your main text.

Where Does a List of Abbreviations Go?

When including a list of abbreviations, insert them near the start of the report after your table of contents. To make it clear that your document contains an abbreviated list, also add a separate heading to your table of contents.

Note: The page number for your list of abbreviations should continue from the page number that proceeds it; there is no need to reset it for this section.

Rules for Using Abbreviations and Acronyms

The first time you use an abbreviation or acronym, it is good practice to write out the full terminology or phrase followed by the abbreviation or acronym encased in parenthesis.

After defining an abbreviation or acronym for the first time in your main text, you no longer need to use the full term; for example:

Example of Acronyms in a Thesis or Dissertation

This allows the reader to understand your report without having to rely on the list of abbreviations; it is only there to help the reader if they forget what an abbreviation stands for and needs to look it up.

Note: In academic writing, abbreviations that are not listed should always be defined in your thesis text at their first appearance.

Abbreviated Exceptions

Very common abbreviations should not be included in your list because they needlessly overload your list with terms that your readers already know, which discourages them from using it.

Some examples of common abbreviations and acronyms that should not be included in your standard abbreviation list are USA, PhD , Dr. and Ltd. etc.

Example of List of Abbreviations for a Thesis or Dissertation

An example abbreviation list is as follows:

The above example has been extracted from here .

List of Symbols

You can add symbols and their definitions to your list of abbreviations, however, some people like to keep them separate, especially if they have many of them. While this format will come down to personal preference, most STEM students create a separate list of symbols and most non-STEM students incorporate them into their list of abbreviations.

Note: If you are writing your report to APA style, you will need to consider additional requirements when writing your list of abbreviations. You can find further information here .

Browse PhDs Now

This post explains where and how to write the list of figures in your thesis or dissertation.

Are you always finding yourself working on sections of your research tasks right up until your deadlines? Are you still finding yourself distracted the moment

Dr Rowe gained his PhD in the fields of Chemistry and Biological Sciences from the University of East Anglia in 2018. He is now a project coordinator for Norwich Science Festival and also for Pint of Science in Norwich.

Christine is entering the 4th year of her PhD Carleton University, researching worker’s experiences of the changing conditions in the Non Profit and Social Service sector, pre and during COVID-19.

Join Thousands of Students

Thesis and Dissertation Guide

« Thesis & Dissertation Resources
The Graduate School Home

Introduction

Copyright Page

Dedication, acknowledgements, preface (optional), table of contents.

List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

List of Abbreviations

List of symbols.

Non-Traditional Formats
Font Type and Size
Spacing and Indentation
Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
Formatting Previously Published Work
Internet Distribution
Open Access
Registering Copyright
Using Copyrighted Materials
Use of Your Own Previously Published Materials
Submission Steps
Submission Checklist
Sample Pages

I. Order and Components

Please see the sample thesis or dissertation pages throughout and at the end of this document for illustrations. The following order is required for components of your thesis or dissertation:

Dedication, Acknowledgements, and Preface (each optional)
Table of Contents, with page numbers
List of Tables, List of Figures, or List of Illustrations, with titles and page numbers (if applicable)
List of Abbreviations (if applicable)
List of Symbols (if applicable)
Introduction, if any
Main body, with consistent subheadings as appropriate
Appendices (if applicable)
Endnotes (if applicable)
References (see section on References for options)

Many of the components following the title and copyright pages have required headings and formatting guidelines, which are described in the following sections.

Please consult the Sample Pages to compare your document to the requirements. A Checklist is provided to assist you in ensuring your thesis or dissertation meets all formatting guidelines.

The title page of a thesis or dissertation must include the following information:

Title Page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

The title of the thesis or dissertation in all capital letters and centered 2″ below the top of the page.
Your name, centered 1″ below the title. Do not include titles, degrees, or identifiers. The name you use here does not need to exactly match the name on your university records, but we recommend considering how you will want your name to appear in professional publications in the future.

Notes on this statement:

When indicating your degree in the second bracketed space, use the full degree name (i.e., Doctor of Philosophy, not Ph.D. or PHD; Master of Public Health, not M.P.H. or MPH; Master of Social Work, not M.S.W. or MSW).
List your department, school, or curriculum rather than your subject area or specialty discipline in the third bracketed space. You may include your subject area or specialty discipline in parentheses (i.e., Department of Romance Languages (French); School of Pharmacy (Molecular Pharmaceutics); School of Education (School Psychology); or similar official area).
If you wish to include both your department and school names, list the school at the end of the statement (i.e., Department of Pharmacology in the School of Medicine).
A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Public Policy.
A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Dentistry (Endodontics).
A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Nutrition in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education (Cultural Studies and Literacies).
The words “Chapel Hill” must be centered 1″ below the statement.
One single-spaced line below that, center the year in which your committee approves the completed thesis or dissertation. This need not be the year you graduate.
Approximately 2/3 of the way across the page on the right-hand side of the page, 1″ below the year, include the phrase “Approved by:” (with colon) followed by each faculty member's name on subsequent double-spaced lines. Do not include titles such as Professor, Doctor, Dr., PhD, or any identifiers such as “chair” or “advisor” before or after any names. Line up the first letter of each name on the left under the “A” in the “Approved by:” line. If a name is too long to fit on one line, move this entire section of text slightly to the left so that formatting can be maintained.
No signatures, signature lines, or page numbers should be included on the title page.

Include a copyright page with the following information single-spaced and centered 2″ above the bottom of the page:

Copyright Page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

This page immediately follows the title page. It should be numbered with the lower case Roman numeral ii centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Inclusion of this page offers you, as the author, additional protection against copyright infringement as it eliminates any question of authorship and copyright ownership. You do not need to file for copyright in order to include this statement in your thesis or dissertation. However, filing for copyright can offer other protections.

See Section IV for more information on copyrighting your thesis or dissertation.

Include an abstract page following these guidelines:

Abstract page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

Include the heading “ABSTRACT” in all capital letters, and center it 2″ below the top of the page.
One double-spaced line below “ABSTRACT”, center your name, followed by a colon and the title of the thesis or dissertation. Use as many lines as necessary. Be sure that your name and the title exactly match the name and title used on the Title page.
One single-spaced line below the title, center the phrase “(Under the direction of [advisor's name])”. Include the phrase in parentheses. Include the first and last name(s) of your advisor or formal co-advisors. Do not include the name of other committee members. Use the advisor's name only; do not include any professional titles such as PhD, Professor, or Dr. or any identifiers such as “chair” or “advisor”.
Skip one double-spaced line and begin the abstract. The text of your abstract must be double-spaced and aligned with the document's left margin with the exception of indenting new paragraphs. Do not center or right-justify the abstract.
Abstracts cannot exceed 150 words for a thesis or 350 words for a dissertation.
Number the abstract page with the lower case Roman numeral iii (and iv, if more than one page) centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Please write and proofread your abstract carefully. When possible, avoid including symbols or foreign words in your abstract, as they cannot be indexed or searched. Avoid mathematical formulas, diagrams, and other illustrative materials in the abstract. Offer a brief description of your thesis or dissertation and a concise summary of its conclusions. Be sure to describe the subject and focus of your work with clear details and avoid including lengthy explanations or opinions.

Your title and abstract will be used by search engines to help potential audiences locate your work, so clarity will help to draw the attention of your targeted readers.

You have an option to include a dedication, acknowledgements, or preface. If you choose to include any or all of these elements, give each its own page(s).

Dedication page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

A dedication is a message from the author prefixed to a work in tribute to a person, group, or cause. Most dedications are short statements of tribute beginning with “To…” such as “To my family”.

Acknowledgements are the author's statement of gratitude to and recognition of the people and institutions that helped the author's research and writing.

A preface is a statement of the author's reasons for undertaking the work and other personal comments that are not directly germane to the materials presented in other sections of the thesis or dissertation. These reasons tend to be of a personal nature.

Any of the pages must be prepared following these guidelines:

Do not place a heading on the dedication page.
The text of short dedications must be centered and begin 2″ from the top of the page.
Headings are required for the “ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS” and “PREFACE” pages. Headings must be in all capital letters and centered 2″ below the top of the page.
The text of the acknowledgements and preface pages must begin one double-spaced line below the heading, be double-spaced, and be aligned with the document's left margin with the exception of indenting new paragraphs.
Subsequent pages of text return to the 1″ top margin.
The page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals (starting with the page number after the abstract) centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Include a table of contents following these guidelines:

Table of Contents page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

Include the heading “TABLE OF CONTENTS” in all capital letters, and center it 2″ below the top of the page.
Include one double-spaced line between the heading and the first entry.
The table of contents should not contain listings for the pages that precede it, but it must list all parts of the thesis or dissertation that follow it.
If relevant, be sure to list all appendices and a references section in your table of contents. Include page numbers for these items but do not assign separate chapter numbers.
Entries must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
Major subheadings within chapters must be included in the table of contents. The subheading(s) should be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
If an entry takes up more than one line, break up the entry about three-fourths of the way across the page and place the rest of the text on a second line, single-spacing the two lines.
Include one double-spaced line between each entry.
Page numbers listed in the table of contents must be located just inside the right page margin with leaders (lines of periods) filling out the space between the end of the entry and the page number. The last digit of each number must line up on the right margin.
Information included in the table of contents must match the headings, major subheadings, and numbering used in the body of the thesis or dissertation.
The Table of Contents page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Lists of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

If applicable, include a list of tables, list of figures, and/or list of illustrations following these guidelines:

Lists of Figures page with mesaurements described in surrounding text

Include the heading(s) in all capital letters, centered 1″ below the top of the page.
Each entry must include a number, title, and page number.
Assign each table, figure, or illustration in your thesis or dissertation an Arabic numeral. You may number consecutively throughout the entire work (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.), or you may assign a two-part Arabic numeral with the first number designating the chapter in which it appears, separated by a period, followed by a second number to indicate its consecutive placement in the chapter (e.g., Table 3.2 is the second table in Chapter Three).
Numerals and titles must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
Page numbers must be located just inside the right page margin with leaders (lines of periods) filling out the space between the end of the entry and the page number. The last digit of each number must line up on the right margin.
Numbers, titles, and page numbers must each match the corresponding numbers, titles, and page numbers appearing in the thesis or dissertation.
All Lists of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

If you use abbreviations extensively in your thesis or dissertation, you must include a list of abbreviations and their corresponding definitions following these guidelines:

List of Abbreviations with mesaurements described in surrounding text

Include the heading “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS” in all capital letters, and center it 1″ below the top of the page.
Arrange your abbreviations alphabetically.
Abbreviations must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
If an entry takes up more than one line, single-space between the two lines.
The List of Abbreviations page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

If you use symbols in your thesis or dissertation, you may combine them with your abbreviations, titling the section “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS”, or you may set up a separate list of symbols and their definitions by following the formatting instructions above for abbreviations. The heading you choose must be in all capital letters and centered 1″ below the top of the page.

Previous: Introduction

Next: Format

because LaTeX matters

List of symbols or abbreviations (nomenclature).

Update (April 2014): This package has not been updated in the past few years. You may want to use the more recent and more flexible glossaries package .

Printing a list of abbreviations or symbols is one of these things (like so many) LaTeX provides a very simple and elegant solution for. The nomencl package implements a few basic commands to do that.

First load the package in the preamble. The makenomenclature command is required for the generation of the nomenclature file (.nlo). Commenting it out is a convenient way to “switch it off”.

Next, add abbreviations together with their description or long form to your document. Ideally, this is done immediately after an abbreviation is mentioned for the first time.

This command has an optional argument which provides control over the order of the entries. Consider the following example:

Linebreaks were added for presentation purposes only.

The following command prints the abbreviation/symbol list at the corresponding position of the document.

To control the distance between the symbol or abbreviation and the explaining text use the optional distance argument.

To change the name of the list use

Similar to a glossary or bibliography, the document is typesetted once (latex). Next, the nomenclature is generated using makeindex . Finally, the document is typesetted again, adding the nomenclature to it.

The makeindex command takes the nomenclature file (.nlo), the style file (nomencl.ist) and the name of the output file (.nls) as input arguments.

Complete code of a working example and its output

Note, to save some typing, you can define your own nomenclature command that prints the symbol/abbreviation and generates a list entry at the same time.

Refer to the nomencl package documentation for more details.

Thesis and Dissertation Formatting

Introduction.

The requirements listed in the Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Requirements apply to the formal master’s thesis and the doctoral dissertation.

The thesis or dissertation is a report of original research and scholarly work that is shared with the academic community and is made available to the public. The thesis or dissertation becomes part of the UWM Digital Commons and is also made available through ProQuest. Information about submission can be found on the Electronic Thesis & Dissertation Submission website.

These format standards have been developed to ensure a degree of consistency in the written presentation of this research across academic disciplines.

The Graduate School will not accept theses or dissertations that do not conform to these requirements. Have your formatting reviewed by the Graduate School by the formatting deadline .

All students: email a draft to [email protected]

General Instructions

Required page order, preliminary pages:.

Title page – required
Abstract page – required
Copyright page – optional
Dedication – optional
Table of Contents – required for all except creative works
List of Figures – required if figures appear in thesis
List of Tables – required if tables appear in the thesis
List of Abbreviations – optional
Acknowledgements – required if permission to reproduce copyright material is necessary
Frontispiece (illustration) or Epigraph (quotation) – optional
Appendices – optional

Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Resources:

• Manual (PDF) • Presentation (.pptx) • Thesis Formatting Template (.docx) • Dissertation Formatting Template (.docx) • Checklist (PDF)

Double space throughout, with the exception of the title page; captions; table or figure headings; extensive quotations; footnotes or endnotes; entries in the References section; entries in the Table of Contents; and appendices.

Any standard font is acceptable; however, the same font should be used throughout. Use a font size of approximately 12. The only exceptions to this font size are captions (not smaller than 9 point) and headings (not larger than 20 point).

ALL pages must have 1″ top, bottom, left, and right margins.

Preliminary Pages

Preliminary pages are the required pages that appear at the beginning of the final document. There are also optional pages which can be placed in this section.

Page Numbering

All preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals, centered at the bottom of the page, with the bottom of the number at least 1/2 inch from the edge of the page. The exception to this is the title page, which is counted but not numbered.

Sample pages (PDF)

Pages appear in this order

Title page – Required The title page is counted but not numbered. Follow the format shown in the sample pages (PDF) . All items centered and TITLE IN ALL CAPS. Use official degree names only. The date is the month and year of degree conferral. Degrees are awarded three times a year: in May, August, and December.
Abstract – Required The abstract is a summary of the dissertation. Follow the format shown in the sample pages (PDF) . Copy the abstract heading sample exactly. See Sample ABSTRACT TEXT for important information. It always starts with page number “ii”.
Copyright and Your Dissertation or Thesis (ProQuest) (PDF)
copyright.gov
UWM Libraries: Copyright and Fair Use
Dedication – Optional May be combined with acknowledgements. There is no required heading on this page.
Table of Contents – Required for all except creative works. The Table of Contents lists all sections that follow it (with the exception of an epigraph or frontispiece). Type TABLE OF CONTENTS centered at the top of the page, double space and begin the entries. Single space within entries and double space in-between entries.
List of Figures – Required if figures appear in the thesis. Type LIST OF FIGURES centered at the top of the page, double space and begin. The term figures includes various non-text items. List the number, caption, and page number of each figure. Figures should be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis.
List of Tables – Required if tables appear in the thesis. Type LIST OF TABLES at the top of the page, double space and begin. List the number, caption, and page number of each table. Tables should be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis.
List of Abbreviations (or List of Symbols, or Nomenclature) – Optional, include as necessary. Format heading the same as List of Figures.
Acknowledgments – Required if permission to reproduce copyrighted material is necessary. Type ACKNOWLEDGMENTS at the top of the page, double space, and begin the remarks.
Frontispiece (illustration) or Epigraph (quotation) – Optional The source of the epigraph is listed below the quotation, but is not listed in the bibliography unless it is also cited in the main text.

Beginning with the text of the thesis, the page numbering changes to Arabic numerals, centered at the bottom of the page, with at least 1/2″ clearance from each edge. The first page of the main text is page 1, and should be displayed on the page. All subsequent pages are numbered throughout the text.

Tables and Figures

All illustrative materials must maintain the same margins as the rest of the thesis. 1″ top, bottom, left, and right margins

All illustrative material must be large enough to be easily read. Minimum font size is 9.

Landscape format

In order to maintain the required page margins for tables or figures, it may be necessary to print them in landscape format. The top margin will now be the edge that is bound. However, the page number must be placed on the page as though the page was in portrait format. It needs to appear in the same location and have the same text direction as the other (portrait) pages. See Thesis and Dissertation Formatting (.pptx) for additional help and examples.

Figure Captions

If space permits, the caption should appear on the same page as the figure. Font size must not be smaller than 9 point.

References and Citations

Any of the standard style manuals may be used as a guide in formatting references to works cited in the thesis. References may be placed at the end of the main text, or at the end of each chapter. Endnotes and/or footnotes may also be used. Whatever format is chosen, it must be followed consistently throughout the thesis.

If you are not following a style manual, please single space within each entry and double space between the entries.

Reference pages are numbered. Use the next consecutive page number of your document for your references.

All material included in the appendices must meet minimum font and margin requirements.

Many theses will not need this section. Material that supports the research, but is not essential to an understanding of the text, is placed in the appendices. Examples include raw data, extensive quotations, and survey or test instruments.

If there is only one appendix, it is simply called Appendix, not Appendix A. If there are multiple, appendices should be designated A: Title B: Title C: Title etcetera. Each appendix and its title and page number are listed in the Table of Contents.

Start the Appendix or Appendices with the next consecutive page number. The Appendix or Appendices should be listed in the Table of Contents.

The appendix title can be on its own page, or at the beginning of the actual material. See sample pages for examples.

Search This Site All UCSD Sites Faculty/Staff Search Term
Meet the Dean
Meet the Team
Professors of the Graduate Division
Funding Opportunities
Alumni & Friends
Prospective Students
Degree Programs
Requirements
Admitted Students
Admission FAQ
Compliance/Health and Safety Information
Tuition & Fees
Fellowships
Third-Party Payments
Non-UC Visiting Grads
Financial Support FAQ
News & Updates
Progress to Degree
Enrolling at UC San Diego

Preparing to Graduate

Policies & Procedures
Student Academic FAQ
Merkin Graduate Fellows Program
Student Updates
Health & Wellbeing
Professional Development
Student Spotlights
Programs and Resources
Postdoctoral Affairs
Dissertation & Thesis Manual

Preparation and Submission Manual Overview

Doctoral dissertations and master’s theses.

Doctoral dissertations and master’s theses submitted to UC San Diego must meet the requirements set by the Graduate Council of the University of California San Diego for the degree candidate to be eligible for a graduate degree. A doctoral dissertation must be the result of original research conducted in the candidate’s specialization and must be approved in its entirety by the student’s doctoral committee. A master’s thesis must be a significant research work that must be approved in its entirety by the master’s committee.

The final version of the dissertation/thesis must conform to the details outlined in the " Preparation and Submission Manual for Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses. " For reference, we have provided some highlights below, but please refer to the full PDF Manual for complete instructions.

We have also made a template available as an inital resource to assist students with proper formatting.

Co-author permission letters are submitted electronically via the Kuali Permission Letter Submission Form . (see section below, "Use of Published Material," for additional information)

Specifications and Formatting

Minimum Margins

The margins of your thesis/dissertation should be from 1" on all sides. (Slightly larger margins are acceptable, but should be a minimum of 1 inch.)

Font and Font Sizes

A font size of at least 10 must be used for the text; students may choose one of the following font sizes: 10pt, 11pt or 12pt. Standard fonts are Arial, Century Gothic, Helvetica, or Times New Roman. A consistent font must be used throughout the entire dissertation or thesis.

Page Numbers

All page numbers are centered at the bottom of the page, 0.5” from the bottom edge.

Except where noted below, each page of the entire dissertation or thesis must be numbered consecutively; pages should be numbered according to the following standards:

Neither the title page nor the blank or copyright page is to be numbered; however, the two pages are counted when numbering the preliminary pages that follow.
The dissertation/thesis approval page is always numbered as page “iii”.
The preliminary pages following the title and blank or copyright pages must be numbered consecutively beginning with lower case Roman numeral “iii” on the dissertation/thesis approval page. All preliminary pages are to be numbered using lower case Roman numerals (following the title and blank or copyright pages, begin with iii, iv, v, vi, etc.). This includes the dissertation/thesis approval page, dedication, epigraph, table of contents, list of abbreviations, list of symbols, list of illustrations, list of figures, list of schemes, list of tables, list of photographs, preface, acknowledgements, vita (required for doctoral dissertations), and the abstract. The page numbers must be placed at the bottom of the page and centered 0.5” from the bottom.
The main body of the text and any back matter must be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals beginning with “1” (1, 2, 3, etc.), including text, illustrative materials, notes, appendices and bibliography. All pages are numbered at the bottom of the page and centered.

Correct pagination (no missing pages, blank pages, or duplicate numbers or pages) is required for the doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis to be acceptable.

Page Organization

Preliminary Pages

Except for the title page and blank or copyright page, all preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals at the center bottom of the page. Pages are numbered in sequence, and page numbers are centered and placed 0.5” from the bottom of the page.

The name of the conferring institution – UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO – appears in all capital letters at the top of the page.
The title should be specific, unambiguous, and descriptive of the research, with easily identifiable key words that will ensure electronic retrieval.
Scientific titles must use words, not symbols, formulas, superscripts or Greek letters.
Doctoral students should refer to their document as a dissertation. Master’s students should refer to their document as a thesis.
“in” should be all lowercase and on a line alone.
The degree title listed should be the title that UC San Diego will actually confer; if unsure, contact your Graduate Coordinator.
“by” should be all lowercase and on a line alone.
Students may use either their legal or lived name as it is listed on the UC San Diego official record and remain consistent throughout the document
All committee members must be listed, chair first, using the title Professor. If professor is not applicable to all committee members, list all names without any titles. Use double spacing between “Committee in Charge” and the chair’s name. Alphabetize all members after chair and single space all names. Indent all committee members 0.5” from “Committee in Charge”. (This section is the only section of the title page that is not centered.)
Degree year: Students must use the year of the quarter of degree conferral.
The title page is not numbered; it is counted as page “i” in the numbering of the preliminary pages. The title and blank or copyright pages are the only manuscript pages without page numbers.

Dissertation/Thesis Approval Page

This page is always numbered page iii. Page numbers from here forward in the preliminary pages of the document will vary for individual students, depending on which of the optional pages described below students choose to include. The numbers must be internally consistent for the document.

There is no header on the dissertation/thesis approval page. The text at the top of the page is either left justified or fully justified. The text at the bottom of the page is centered. All information should be centered on the page vertically.

Effective November 2020, faculty signatures are not collected on the dissertation/thesis approval page. Faculty committee member approval is captured on the combined Final Report Form (this form is initiated and managed by the department/program graduate coordinator). Students should check with their department/program graduate coordinator to verify that the combined form is being used. The formatted page iii must still be included in the dissertation/thesis and must follow the format described above.

All dissertations or theses are required to have a table of contents. List the page number that each section first appears on. Use proper capitalization and include header and sectional titles exactly as they appear within the dissertation or thesis (for example, if “Chapter” is used in the text headers, it must be used in the Table of Contents).

If illustrations such as figures, tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, photos, etc., are scattered throughout, make a separate “List of Figures,” “List of Tables,” “List of Graphs,” etc. to follow the table of contents.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgements, along with any other preliminary sections or parts of the dissertation or thesis, must be reviewed and approved by the committee members.

See the section “Using Published Material” (in the full PDF manual, and in the excerpted section below) if any portion of the dissertation or thesis is co-authored, published, submitted for publication, or is being prepared for publication. A paragraph acknowledging all co-authors and publishers is required in the acknowledgements page and as the last paragraph of text at the end of each applicable chapter.

Permission letters from the committee chair and all co-authors must be submitted electronically via the Kuali permission letter submission form prior to or the day of the student’s final document review . See the full manual for sample letters and additional information. Click here for step by step instructions and an overview of the Kuali form.

An abstract should provide a clear impression of the content and major divisions of the dissertation or thesis. Abstracts of doctoral dissertations must not exceed 350 words; master’s theses abstracts must not exceed 250 words.

Figures and Tables

All figures and tables must be accompanied by a caption. Captions for figures go below the figure. Captions for tables go above the table.

All figures and tables must have their captions formatted the same, ie numbering, spacing, bold/italicized text, text alignment (left, centered, justified), font.

Figures/tables and their captions need to fit on one page and within the page margins. If they cannot fit on one page, then format the captions as a facing caption, where the caption goes on the page before the figure/table. For example, page 1 would be the figure caption (no other text), and page 2 would be the figure itself.

If figures/tables go on multiple pages, then the caption must be on each page that the figure/table appears. Table headers must also be on each page.

Appendices and References

Appendices typically contain supporting material such as data sheets, questionnaire samples, illustrations, maps, charts, etc. Appendices may be single-spaced.

References/Biolography/Works Cited

The format of the references and/or bibliography should follow that of the student’s discipline and should be consistent throughout the dissertation/thesis.
All authors must be listed. Do not depersonalize non-primary authors by referring to them in the bibliography as et al.
Bibliographies, references, and works cited are to be single-spaced with a double space between entries, and should be the last entry in each chapter or in the dissertation/thesis.

Use of Published Material and Co-Author Permissions

If students are using material which has been submitted for publication or has been published, students must read the full text that follows and see the manual for additional details.

Students must obtain permission letters from all co-authors, including committee members and UCSD faculty. Students submit the co-author letters to GEPA electronically via the Kuali permission letter submission form for any chapter or portion of a chapter in the dissertation or thesis to which one or more of the following applies:

Students have co-authors (regardless of whether or not students are submitting it for publication);
The chapter or portion thereof is being prepared for publication;
The chapter or portion thereof has been submitted for publication;
The chapter or portion thereof has been published.

If approved by the committee members, reports of research undertaken during graduate study at UC San Diego that have been published or submitted for publication in appropriate media may be accepted in their printed form in full or in part as the dissertation or thesis.

If the material has co-authors other than the committee chair, the student must obtain permission letters from all co-authors giving their approval for the co-authored material to be used. This must be done even if copyright has been retained. Students need to determine if the publisher’s permission is also required. Students collect their signed co-author permission letters and cover letter from their committee chair and submit electronically via the Kuali permission letter submission form prior to or the day of their final document review with GEPA.

Click here for a sample/template of the cover letter from the committee chair and the permission letter(s) from co-author(s).

Click here for step by step instructions and an overview of the Kuali form.

Copyright and Publishing Options

All students receive copyright when creating and publishing their dissertation/thesis.
Proquest offers to file for additional copyright with the US Copyright Office for a fee. Students can file for additional copyright through Proquest or on their own through the US Copyright Office .

Publishing Options

Your dissertation/thesis is published in two different libraries, Proquest and eScholarship.
Traditional = your paper can only be accessed if someone has access to Proquest or pays to access your paper. The default option.
Open access = your paper is available to anyone on the interent for free. You would have to pay a fee for this option.
eScholarship is the University of California's digital library. All papers are open access in eScholarship.

Dissertation and Thesis Release Form (Embargo)

Students, with approval from their committee chair, may choose to immediately publish or put an embargo/delay on publishing their disserrtation/thesis. The default option is immediate publication.

If an embargo is chosen, the options are for a 1 or 2 year delay. (Note: Students in the MFA in Writing program are required to have a 10 year embargo).
If the embargo needs to be extended, a request from the committee chair must be submitted to the Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs via email before the embargo expires . Dissertations/theses cannot be re-embargoed once the embargo expires.

Your embargo choice must match in Proquest and on the dissertation/thesis release form . The release form must be signed by the student and the committee chair and must be uploaded as part of the submission to ProQuest.

Please note: If you delay the release of your work, access to the full text of your work will be delayed for the period that you specify. However, the citation and abstract of your work will be available through ProQuest and through the UC California Digital Library (eScholarship).

Dissertation and Thesis Release Form (Embargo Form)

Embargo options are for a 1 or 2 year delay. (Note: Students in the MFA in Writing program are required to have a 10 year embargo).

Embargo Extension: If the embargo needs to be extended beyond initial embargo period, a request from the committee chair (with endorsement from the department chair / program director) must be submitted to the Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs via email before the embargo expires . The request must specify the reason for the additional time and how long the embargo should continue. Dissertations/theses cannot be re-embargoed once the embargo expires. Please see the Policy on Open Access for Theses and Dissertations: https://policy.ucop.edu/doc/2000688/ .

For further questions about doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis formatting, students may contact the appropriate GEPA Academic Affairs Advisor .

Master’s thesis formatting questions:

Kelsey Darvin, [email protected] : Biological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Structural Engineering, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Kim McCusker , [email protected]: All Arts & Humanities, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences, Materials Science, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Karen Villavicencio , [email protected] : Bioengineering, Bioinformatics, Chemical Engineering, NanoEngineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Neurosciences

Doctor of Philosophy dissertation formatting questions:

Kelsey Darvin , [email protected]: Structural Engineering
Eliese Maxwell , [email protected] : all other PhD programs (except those listed)
Karen Villavicencio , [email protected]: Chemical Engineering, NanoEngineering

Doctor of Musical Arts, Doctor of Education, all Rady programs, Biomedical Sciences, Biostatistics, and Neurosciences PhD, all joint PhD programs with SDSU, and Master of Public Health (MPH) formatting questions:

Sara Miceli , [email protected]

After fully formatting your doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis you may schedule your appointments at: https://gradforms.ucsd.edu/calendar/ .

Degree Completion
Dissertation & Thesis Submission
Dissertation & Thesis Template

Graduate School
Current Students
Dissertation & Thesis Preparation

Structure and Style of Theses and Dissertations

Each student and their supervisory committee should work together to determine the scholarly scope and most appropriate structure of the thesis, keeping in mind scholarly standards within their fields and professional objectives of the student.

As forms of scholarship continue to evolve, so do the possibilities for how a body of scholarly work can be expressed. Theses at UBC can include many forms of knowledge production and scholarly representation. Some examples are:

a fully unified textual volume, similar to a scholarly book
a series of published or publication-ready manuscripts with synthesis
inclusion of scholarly professional artefacts such as policy papers or curriculum plans, for example, along with description and analysis
a compendium of multimedia works with written description and analysis

Within this flexibility of structure, there remain several elements that must be included in each thesis or dissertation, and specifications to be followed, in order to enable consistent standards and proper archiving.

In addition to the preliminary materials described below, all theses should include an introduction to the subject, a critical analysis of the relevant prior scholarly work, a description of the scholarly methods, a presentation of the results, and a discussion and summary of the results and their implications. Knowledge dissemination products or modes can be incorporated as appropriate.

As appropriate, representation of the research results or methodologies may take a variety of forms, including scholarly publications or submissions (manuscripts), scholarly text, creative text, graphics, audio/visual products, or web pages, Additional knowledge translation or dissemination products or descriptions of activities can be incorporated, such as policy briefs, lay or professional publications, syllabi, or outlines of workshops or exhibits.

Every thesis will have a PDF component that includes at least the following elements:

Committee page
Lay summary
Table of contents, and/or a List of all submitted files (if there are files in addition to the PDF)

1. Title page (required)

2. committee page (required).

The committee page:

is the second page of the thesis and is numbered ii
lists all examining committee members and supervisory committee members, along with their titles, departments, and universities or organizations
does not include signatures
is not listed in the table of contents

See Resources for Thesis Preparation and Checking for examples and templates.

Doctoral students: Please include this page in the copy for the External Examiner, with your supervisory committee entered. If you know which members of the committee will be on the Examining Committee you can include them there; otherwise, they can go under Additional Supervisory Committee Members.

Doctoral students post-defence: Please remember to update the committee page before final post-defence submission if necessary.

3. Abstract (required - maximum 350 words)

The abstract is a concise and accurate summary of the scholarly work described in the document. It states the problem, the methods of investigation, and the general conclusions, and should not contain tables, graphs, complex equations, or illustrations. There is a single scholarly abstract for the entire work, and it must not exceed 350 words in length.

4. Lay Summary (required - maximum 150 words)

The lay or public summary is a simplified version of the abstract that explains the key goals and contributions of the research/scholarly work in terms that can be understood by the general public. it does not use technical terms and discipline-specific language. It must not exceed 150 words in length.

5. Preface (required)

Sample Prefaces

The Preface includes a statement indicating the student's contribution to the following:

Identification of the research question(s)
Design of the research work
Performance of the research
Analysis of the research results

If any of the work was collaborative, the above statement must also detail the relative contributions of all collaborators, including the approximate proportion of the research, analysis, and writing/representation conducted by the student.

If any of the work has led to any publications, submissions, or other dissemination modes, all should be listed in the Preface. For publications, the title of the article, the names and order of all co-authors, and the journal details (if accepted or published) should be included, and linked to the related chapter or portion of the thesis. For further details, see “Including Published Material in a Thesis or Dissertation”.

If any of the work is intended for publication but has not yet been published, you may say whether or not it has been submitted. Do not say where it has been submitted, as if it is not accepted for publication that information will be misleading.

If the work includes other scholarly artifacts (such as film and other audio, visual, and graphic representations, and application-oriented documents such as policy briefs, curricula, business plans, computer and web tools, pages, and applications, etc.) that have been published or otherwise publicly disseminated or that have co-authors, they must be listed in the Preface (with bibliographical information, including information on co-creators, if applicable).

If ethics approval was required for the research, the Preface must list the Certificate Number(s) of the Ethics Certificate(s) applicable to the project.

In a thesis where the research was not subject to ethics review, produced no publications, and was designed, carried out, and analyzed by the student alone, the text of the Preface may be very brief. Samples are available on this website and in the University Library's online repository of accepted theses.

The content of the Preface must be verified by the student's supervisor, whose endorsement must appear on the final Thesis/Dissertation Approval form.

Acknowledgements, introductory material, and a list of publications do not belong in the Preface. Please put them respectively in the Acknowledgements section, the first section of the thesis, and the appendices.

6. Table of contents (required)

7. list of tables (required if document has tables), 8. list of figures (required if document has figures), 9. list of submitted files (required if additional files are submitted with the pdf), 10. list of illustrations (advisable if applicable).

If you remove copyrighted tables, figures, or illustrations from your thesis you must insert the following at the spot where the table, figure, or illustration previously appeared:

A statement that the material has been removed because of copyright restrictions
A description of the material and the information it contained, plus a link to an online source if one is available
A full citation of the original source of the material

See the UBC Library Copyright Educational Resources: Theses and Dissertations Guide “ Unable to get Permission? ”

11. Lists of symbols, abbreviations or other (advisable if applicable)

12. glossary (optional), 13. acknowledgements (optional).

This may include statements acknowledging support and contributions from various sources, including the student’s research supervisor and committee, research participants, colleagues, friends, and family members. IMPORTANT : Please ensure that everyone you mention in your Acknowledgements understands and accepts that their name will be appearing online in an open-access document.

Any funding for the research should be listed here.

14. Dedication (optional)

15-17. thesis body: introduction, research chapters, conclusion (usually required unless the thesis consists only of multimedia).

This contains the comprehensive contextualization, methods, findings, analysis and implications of the scholarly work. These components can be organized and expressed in a manner that the student and their supervisory committee deems to be most appropriate to the work, to the student and their objectives, and to the relevant disciplines.

In many cases the thesis will be organized in chapters, while for others (especially those including creative and/or other modes of expression) it may take different forms. The different elements should be divided appropriately (and indicated as such in the Table of Contents) to enable ease of review. The thesis should be presented in a manner that enables a cohesive understanding of the work and which is credible within the field. In all cases, certain elements are required:

Introductory content. This must clearly state its theme, topics, hypotheses and/or goals and provide sufficient background information to enable a non-specialist in the subject matter to understand them. It must contextualize the topic and questions within a thorough review of relevant literature and/or other foundational scholarship

Research/Scholarship methodologies, findings, products. The account and products of the scholarly work should be complete and sufficiently detailed to enable a reader to understand how the work was carried out and analyzed, and how to apply similar methods in another study.

Analysis and summary content. This should include a reflective analysis of the scholarly findings and/or products, integrated into the context of the thesis subject to demonstrate how the thesis leads to new understandings and contributions. The work’s potential (or actual) impact, its limitations, and its significance should be outlined.

18. Bibliography (mandatory except for MFA and MMUS)

There must be only one Bibliography or References section for the whole thesis.

19. Appendices (Optional)

These consist of supporting material that is not integral to the understanding of the work and/or easily incorporated into the thesis body, potentially including additional methodological details or data, copies of surveys used, etc. They must be referred to in the document.

Why Grad School at UBC?
Graduate Degree Programs
Application & Admission
Info Sessions
Research Supervisors
Research Projects
Indigenous Students
International Students
Tuition, Fees & Cost of Living
Newly Admitted
Student Status & Classification
Student Responsibilities
Supervision & Advising
Managing your Program
Health, Wellbeing and Safety
Professional Development
Final Doctoral Exam
Final Dissertation & Thesis Submission
Life in Vancouver
Vancouver Campus
Graduate Student Spaces
Graduate Life Centre
Life as a Grad Student
Graduate Student Ambassadors
Meet our Students
Award Opportunities
Award Guidelines
Minimum Funding Policy for PhD Students
Killam Awards & Fellowships
Policies & Procedures
Information for Supervisors
Dean's Message
Leadership Team
Strategic Plan & Priorities
Vision & Mission
Equity, Diversity & Inclusion
Initiatives, Plans & Reports
Graduate Education Analysis & Research
Media Enquiries
Newsletters
Giving to Graduate Studies

Strategic Priorities

Strategic Plan 2019-2024
Improving Student Funding
Promoting Excellence in Graduate Programs
Enhancing Graduate Supervision
Advancing Indigenous Inclusion
Supporting Student Development and Success
Reimagining Graduate Education
Enriching the Student Experience

Initiatives

Public Scholars Initiative
3 Minute Thesis (3MT)
PhD Career Outcomes
Great Supervisor Week

/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="list of symbols master thesis"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Required sections, guidelines, and suggestions.

Beyond those noted on the Formatting Requirements page , the Graduate School has no additional formatting requirements. The following suggestions are based on best practices and historic requirements for dissertations and theses but are not requirements for submission of the thesis or dissertation. The Graduate School recommends that each dissertation or thesis conform to the standards of leading academic journals in your field.

For both master’s and doctoral students, the same basic rules apply; however, differences exist in some limited areas, particularly in producing the abstract and filing the dissertation or thesis.

Information in this guide that pertains specifically to doctoral candidates and dissertations is clearly marked with the term “ dissertation ” or “ doctoral candidates .”
Information pertaining specifically to master’s candidates and theses is clearly marked with the term “ thesis ” or “ master’s candidates .”
All other information pertains to both.

Examples of formatting suggestions for both the dissertation and thesis are available as downloadable templates .

Required? Yes.

Suggested numbering: Page included in overall document, but number not typed on page.

The following format for your title page is suggested, but not required.

The title should be written using all capital letters, centered within the left and right margins, and spaced about 1.5 inches from the top of the page. (For an example, please see the template .)
Carefully select words for the title of the dissertation or thesis to represent the subject content as accurately as possible. Words in the title are important access points to researchers who may use keyword searches to identify works in various subject areas.
Use word substitutes for formulas, symbols, superscripts, Greek letters, etc.
Below the title, at the vertical and horizontal center of the margins, place the following five lines (all centered):

Line 1: A Dissertation [or Thesis]

Line 2: Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School

Line 3: of Cornell University

Line 4: in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Line 5: Doctor of Philosophy [or other appropriate degree]

Center the following three lines within the margins:

Line 2: Primary or Preferred Name [as registered with the University Registrar’s Office and displayed in Student Center]

Line 3: month and year of degree conferral [May, August, December; no comma between month and year]

Copyright Page

Suggested numbering: Page included in overall document, but number not typed on page

The following format for your copyright page is suggested, but not required.

A notice of copyright should appear as the sole item on the page centered vertically and horizontally within the margins: © 20__ [Primary or Preferred Name [as registered with the University Registrar’s Office]. Please note that there is not usually a page heading on the copyright page.
The copyright symbol is a lowercase “c,” which must be circled. (On Macs, the symbol is typed by pressing the “option” and “g” keys simultaneously. If the font does not have the © symbol, type the “c” and circle it by hand. On PCs, in the insert menu, choose “symbol,” and select the © symbol.)
The date, which follows the copyright symbol, is the year of conferral of your degree.
Your name follows the date.

Required? Yes.

Suggested numbering: Page(s) not counted, not numbered

Abstract formats for the doctoral dissertation and master’s thesis differ greatly. The Graduate School recommends that you conform to the standards of leading academic journals in your field.

Doctoral candidates:

TITLE OF DISSERTATION
Student’s Primary or Preferred Name, Ph.D. [as registered with the University Registrar’s Office]
Cornell University 20__ [year of conferral]
Following the heading lines, begin the text of the abstract on the same page.
The abstract states the problem, describes the methods and procedures used, and gives the main results or conclusions of the research.
The abstract usually does not exceed 350 words in length (about one-and-one-half correctly spaced pages—but not more than two pages).

Master’s candidate:

In a thesis, the page heading is simply the word “ABSTRACT” in all capital letters and centered within the margins at the top of the page. (The thesis abstract does not display the thesis title, author’s name, degree, university, or date of degree conferral.)
The abstract should state the problem, describe the methods and procedures used, and give the main results or conclusions.
The abstract usually does not exceed 600 words in length, which is approximately two-and-one-half to three pages of correctly spaced typing.
In M.F.A. theses, an abstract is not required.

Biographical Sketch

Suggested numbering: iii (may be more than one page)

Type number(s) on page(s).

The following content and format are suggested:

The biographical sketch is written in third-person voice and contains your educational background. Sometimes additional biographical facts are included.
As a page heading, use “BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH” in all capital letters, centered on the page.
Number this page as iii.

Required? Optional.

Suggested numbering: iv (may be more than one page)

The dedication page is not required and can contain whatever text that you would like to include. Text on this page does not need to be in English.

Acknowledgements

Suggested numbering: v (may be more than one page)

The following content and format are suggested, not required.

The acknowledgements may be written in first-person voice. If your research has been funded by outside grants, you should check with the principal investigator of the grant regarding proper acknowledgement of the funding source. Most outside funding sources require some statement of acknowledgement of the support; some also require a disclaimer from responsibility for the results.
As a page heading, use “ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

Suggested numbering: vi (may be more than one page)

The following are suggestions.

As a page heading, use “TABLE OF CONTENTS” in all capital letters and centered on the page.
List the sections/chapters of the body of the dissertation or thesis. Also, list preliminary sections starting with the biographical sketch. (Title page, copyright page, and abstract are not listed.)
For theses and dissertations, the conventional format for page numbers is in a column to the right of each section/chapter title. The first page of each chapter/section is stated with a single number. Table of contents usually do not include a range of page numbers, such as 7-22.
The table of contents is often single-spaced.

Two-Volume Theses or Dissertations

If the dissertation or thesis consists of two volumes, it is recommended, but not required, that you list “Volume II” as a section in the table of contents.

List of Figures, Illustrations, and Tables

Suggested numbering: vii (may be more than one page)

If included, type number(s) on page(s).

As described in the formatting requirements above, figures and tables should be consecutively numbered. The Graduate School recommends that you conform to the styles set by the leading academic journals in your field. The items below are formatting suggestions based on best practices or historic precedents.

Table of contents format:

As a page heading, use “LIST OF FIGURES,” “LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,” or “LIST OF TABLES” in all capital letters, centered on the page.
There should be separate pages for “LIST OF FIGURES,” “LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,” or “LIST OF TABLES” even if there is only one example of each.
The list should contain enough of the titles or descriptions so readers can locate items using the list. (It may not be necessary to include entire figure/illustration/table captions.)
The list should contain the page number on which each figure, illustration, or table is found, as in a table of contents.
The list of figures/illustrations/tables may be single-spaced.

Page format:

Figures/illustrations/tables should be placed as close as possible to their first mention in the text. They may be placed on a page with no text above or below, or placed directly into the text. If a figure/illustration/table is placed directly into the text, text may appear above or below the figure/illustration/table; no text may wrap around the figure/illustration/table.
If a figure/illustration/table appears on a page without other text, it should be centered vertically within the page margins. Figures/illustrations/tables should not be placed at the end of the chapter or at the end of the dissertation or thesis.
Figure/illustration/table numbering should be either continuous throughout the dissertation or thesis, or by chapter (e.g. 1.1, 1.2; 2.1, 2.2, etc.). The word “Figure,” “Illustration,” or “Table” must be spelled out (not abbreviated), and the first letter must be capitalized.
A caption for a figure/illustration should be placed at the bottom of the figure/illustration. However, a caption for a table must be placed above the table.
If the figure/illustration/table, not including the caption, takes up the entire page, the figure/illustration/table caption should be placed alone on the preceding page and centered vertically and horizontally within the margins. (When the caption is on a separate page, the List of Figures or List of Illustrations or List of Tables can list the page number containing the caption.)
If the figure/illustration/table, not including the caption, takes up more than two pages, it should be preceded by a page consisting of the caption only. The first page of the figure/illustration/table must include the figure/illustration/table (no caption), and the second and subsequent pages must also include, at the top of the figure/illustration/table, words that indicate its continuance—for example, “Figure 5 (Continued)”—and on these pages the caption is omitted.
If figures/illustrations/tables are too large, they may be reduced slightly so as to render a satisfactory product or they must either be split into several pages or be redone. If a figure/illustration/table is reduced, all lettering must be clear, readable, and large enough to be legible. All lettering, including subscripts, must still be readable when reduced 25% beyond the final version. All page margin requirements must be maintained. Page numbers and headings must not be reduced.
While there are no specific rules for the typographic format of figure/illustration/table captions, a consistent format should be used throughout the dissertation or thesis.
The caption of a figure/illustration/table should be single-spaced, but then captions for all figures/illustrations/tables must be single-spaced.
Horizontal figures/illustrations/tables should be positioned correctly—i.e., the top of the figure/illustration/table will be at the left margin of the vertical page of the dissertation or thesis (remember: pages are bound on the left margin). Figure/illustration/table headings/captions are placed with the same orientation as the figure/illustration/table when they are on the same page as the figure/illustration/table. When they are on a separate page, headings and captions are always placed in vertical orientation, regardless of the orientation of the figure/illustration/table. Page numbers are always placed as if the figure/illustration/table was vertical on the page.

Photographs should be treated as illustrations. To be considered archival, photographs must be black-and-white. (If actual color photographs are necessary, they should be accompanied by black-and-white photographs of the same subject.) Color photos obtained digitally do not need to be accompanied by a black-and-white photograph. Make a high-resolution digital version of each photograph and insert it into your electronic document, following the guideline suggestions for positioning and margins.

Optional Elements

List of abbreviations.

As a page heading, use “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

List of Symbols

As a page heading, use “LIST OF SYMBOLS” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

Suggested numbering: xi (may be more than one page)

As a page heading, use “PREFACE” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

Body of the Dissertation or Thesis: Text

Suggested numbering: Begin page number at 1

Text (required)
Appendix/Appendices (optional)
Bibliography, References, or Works Cited (required)

Please note that smaller font size may be appropriate for footnotes or other material outside of the main text. The following suggestions are based on best practice or historic precedent, but are not required.

Chapter headings may be included that conform to the standard of your academic field.
Textual notes that provide supplementary information, opinions, explanations, or suggestions that are not part of the text must appear at the bottom of the page as footnotes. Lengthy footnotes may be continued on the next page. Placement of footnotes at the bottom of the page ensures they will appear as close as possible to the referenced passage.

Appendix (or Appendices)

An appendix (-ces) is not required for your thesis or dissertation. If you choose to include one, the following suggestions are based on best practice or historic precedent.

As a page heading, use “APPENDIX” in all capital letters, centered on the page.
Place in an appendix any material that is peripheral, but relevant, to the main text of the dissertation or thesis. Examples could include survey instruments, additional data, computer printouts, details of a procedure or analysis, a relevant paper that you wrote, etc.
The appendix may include text that does not meet the general font and spacing requirements of the other sections of the dissertation or thesis.

Bibliography (or References or Works Cited)

A bibliography, references, or works cited is required for your thesis or dissertation. Please conform to the standards of leading academic journals in your field.

As a page heading, use “BIBLIOGRAPHY” (or “REFERENCES” or “WORKS CITED”) in all capital letters, centered on the page. The bibliography should always begin on a new page.
Bibliographies may be single-spaced within each entry but should include 24 points of space between entries.

Suggested numbering: Continue page numbering from body

If you choose to include a glossary, best practices and historic precedent suggest using a page heading, use “GLOSSARY” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

Suggested numbering: Continue page numbering from glossary

If you choose to include one, best practices and historic precedent suggest using a page heading, use “INDEX” in all capital letters, centered on the page.

Font Samples

Sample macintosh fonts.

Palatino 12
Garamond 14
New Century School Book
Helvetica 12 or Helvetica 14
Times New Roman 12
Times 14 (Times 12 is not acceptable)
Symbol 12 is acceptable for symbols

Sample TeX and LaTeX Fonts

CMR 12 font
Any font that meets the above specifications

Sample PC Fonts

Helvetica 12

Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...

Provide feedback.

We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly.

To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation .

Notifications

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement . We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

Adding List of Abbreviations and List of Symbols #218

ArashJavan commented Sep 8, 2020

schoeps commented Sep 9, 2020

Sorry, something went wrong.

TeXhackse commented Sep 9, 2020 • edited

Arashjavan commented sep 9, 2020, texhackse commented sep 9, 2020, texhackse commented sep 19, 2020.

No branches or pull requests

Prospective Students
Current Students
GE Service Center
International Affairs Office
Academic Affairs Office
Degree Affairs Office
Administration Office
Discipline Affairs Office
Admission Office (for domestic students)
Campus Life
International Graduate Programs Admission
Scholarships for Degree Programs
Financial Support for International Conferences
Courses Enrollment
Students Login
Forms Download
Thesis Defense
Thesis Review
Degree-granting
Disciplines
China Credentials Verification

Miscellaneous

(This is a translation of the official version in Chinese.In case of any discrepancy, the Chinese version shall prevail.)

As important documents in the scientific research field, Master’s theses and PhD dissertations (collectively known as graduate theses) are the main basis to judge the academic level of degree applicants and to grant the corresponding degrees. In order to specify the format of graduate theses at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the regulations are hereby formulated for reference in accordance with the national standard Presentation of theses and dissertations .

Article 1 Basic Requirements

A graduate thesis (or one that is constituted by a series of papers) shall be a systematic and complete academic paper completed by the applicant based on the previous academic achievements in the field, under the instruction of his/her supervisor. No cheating or plagiarizing is allowed.. The graduate theses shall demonstrate clear academic insights, with accurate arguments, rigorous reasonings, reliable statistics, well-organized structures and fluent expressions. In general, the graduate theses should be written in Chinese.

Master’s theses shall carry new insights or achievements regarding the research topics, and have certain contribution to the development of the discipline, or economy and society. It should demonstrate that the author has had a solid grasp of the basic theories and systematic knowledge of the discipline, and has gained the ability to carry out scientific research and undertake professional and technological work. PhD dissertation shall reveal the innovative achievements regarding one or some aspects including material, perspective, viewpoint, methodology, theory, and so on, and have considerable contribution to the development of the discipline, economy and society. It should demonstrate that the author has had a solid and extensive grasp of the basic theories, and a thorough, systematic knowledge of the discipline, and has gained the ability to carry out scientific research independently.

Graduate theses shall use standard language, punctuation, number and units. The terminology, symbols, and codes adopted should be consistent throughout the graduate theses.

Article 2 Structure of the Graduate Theses

A graduate thesis shall comprise the following components:

(1) Cover: The uniform cover provided by the University shall be used;

(2) Title page;

(3) Statement of Originality, and Copyright Authorization;

(4) Abstracts in Chinese and English: As summary of the graduate thesis, the abstract shall highlight the innovative achievement and new insight of the graduate thesis, and describe concisely the research objectives, contents, methodology, results and conclusions. Four to six keywords shall be listed right after the abstract. The abstract should be concise and accurate, and the one in English should be in consistent with its Chinese counterpart.

(5) Contents: As outline and subtitles for each part of the graduate thesis, the contents shall be listed in order together with the corresponding page numbers.

(6) List of Symbols (if necessary): The meaning of the symbols and their units (or dimensions) can be described in this part.

(7) Main body

The main body is the core part of the graduate thesis; in general it should comprise the following sections:

(a) Introduction: As the beginning of the main body of the paper, the introduction shall be concise and compendious, and shall not resemble the abstract or work as an annotation of the abstract. Besides describing the research objective, methodology and results, a critical review of the current research in both China and abroad and the existing research achievements in relevant fields shall also be included. The introduction shall also cover the premises and tasks of the thesis work, the theoretical and experimental foundations, research scope, expected results and the issues to be solved through the thesis work based on the existing results.

(b) Respective Chapters: The content shall be objective, authentic, well-prepared, well-arranged, logical, concise and readable. Although different disciplines may have different regulations, the academic norms generally accepted within the discipline shall be strictly followed.

(c) Conclusion: As the end of the paper and conclusion of the whole contents, the conclusion shall be concise, accurate and complete. The innovative achievements and implication of the research within the field shall be highlighted, and some issues or suggestions related to the research can be further proposed.

(8) Bibliography: Rigorous and realistic attitude shall be manifested in the thesis. According to the citation norms of different disciplines, the research results not of one’s own shall be listed at the end of the paper when cited.

(9) Annotation (if necessary): Annotations, which shall not appear within the text, can be utilized as footnotes at the bottom of each page.

(10) Appendix (if necessary): Appendix may complement the main body of the thesis.

(11) Acknowledgements: This piece of writing is a record in gratitude for the organizations and individuals who helped and supported the author when performing the thesis work.

(12) List of publications and achievements: The list may include the published (or accepted) academic papers, scientific and research achievements, patents, etc.

Article 3 Requirements of Layout, Printing and Binding

(1) Size and font:

Level 1 heading: 16-point, bold type and Sans-serif;

Level 2 heading: 14-point, bold type and Sans-serif;

Level 3 heading: 12-point, bold type and Sans-serif;

Main body: 10.5/12-point, SimSun (Chinese) and Times New Roman (English).

(2) Figures, annotations, bibliography and equations in the theses shall be numbered in sequence with Arabic Numerals (or within respective Chapters). The index and caption for figures shall be placed below the figure, while those for tables shall be placed on top of the table. The index for equations shall be bracketed and placed on the right side without dotted line.

(3) Printing: The graduate theses shall be printed in A-4 size and double-sided.

(4) Binding: The thesis submitted for archive must be bound as a book with the uniform cover provided by the University.

The Academic Degree Evaluation Committee of respective schools can define their own thesis formatting requirements according to the characteristics of the corresponding discipline.

Appendix: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Master's Degree Thesis Template (this template is for reference. Degree Assessment Committees of Colleges and departments may develop their own format templates according to the characteristics of their disciplines) . Please refer to the website of the graduate school (https://www.gs.sjtu.edu.cn/info/1136/8374.html ) for details.

Customer Reviews

Why choose us

Emery Evans

Finished Papers

Gombos Zoran

IMAGES

Thesis list of symbols
[Tex/LaTex] How to effectively use List of Symbols for a thesis using
[Tex/LaTex] How to effectively use List of Symbols for a thesis using
Lista skrótów
[Tex/LaTex] How to effectively use List of Symbols for a thesis using
Thesis correction symbols

VIDEO

What Is a master's Thesis (5 Characteristics of an A Plus Thesis)
symbols name in English list #shorts #viral #study
How many Masonic Symbols can YOU spot? #mastermason #history 🤫🧐
What Is a Thesis?
Death, The Isis Thesis by Judy Kay King, Teleportation, Sirius, & the Egyptian Kemetic Coffin Texts
How to make symbols with keyboard #techshorts #techvideo #shortsfeed

COMMENTS

How to effectively use List of Symbols for a thesis?
Both the glossaries package and the glossaries-extra extension package provide the package option symbols, which creates a new list labelled symbols with the default title given by the language-sensitive \glssymbolsgroupname ("Symbols"). This list can be referenced with type=symbols.If you don't use this package option then you can use the default main glossary instead but the default title ...
List of Abbreviations
Example of Acronyms in a Thesis or Dissertation. "The literature suggests that reinforced concrete (RC) has a wider range of applications than Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP). As a result, RC is used more frequently in the construction industry than FRP.". This allows the reader to understand your report without having to rely on the list ...
Order and Components
The title page of a thesis or dissertation must include the following information: The title of the thesis or dissertation in all capital letters and centered 2″ below the top of the page. Your name, centered 1″ below the title. Do not include titles, degrees, or identifiers. The name you use here does not need to exactly match the name on ...
PDF Guides and Examples of Elements of Theses and Dissertations
alphabetical symbols in the title of the thesis/dissertation. • Master's candidates should use "Thesis," and doctoral candidates should use "Dissertation" on the title page (see examples below) ... List of Figures/ Tables/Abbreviations/Symbols, Abstract, Chapters, Appendices, References (if a general reference section is needed) ...
PDF Symbols used in the Thesis
Symbols used in the Thesis In this Chapter, we provide an overview of the symbols and acronyms used within the thesis. The items are ordered according to context; some items are referred to in several contexts. If available, we give references to the symbols' deﬁnitions. General Symbols Symbol Meaning/Description N set of natural numbers
PDF Michigan State University FORMATTING GUIDE
University. You will also encounter this same list in the ProQuest website for submission. Abstract (Required) • Type "A STRA T" in all capital letters, centered at the top margin. • Then, following the spacing guidelines, begin the text of the Abstract. • The abstract of a master's thesis must not exceed one page.
List of symbols or abbreviations (nomenclature)
The following command prints the abbreviation/symbol list at the corresponding position of the document. 1. \printnomenclature. To control the distance between the symbol or abbreviation and the explaining text use the optional distance argument. 1. \printnomenclature[5em] To change the name of the list use. 1.
PDF Thesis and Dissertation Format Guide
A Writing Center staff member would love to read your draft and share in-person or online feedback! Formatting or style issues not covered in the Format Guide. Uploading your final thesis/dissertation to ProQuest. [email protected] | (209) 932-2969 or (916) 739-7251 | Writing Center Website.
PDF Master Thesis
A master thesis consists of the following elements, in the corresponding order: 6 . Version July 2021 . 4.1. Cover Page . ... List of Symbols (optional) The list of symbols includes mathematical symbols or variables used in the main body with their respective definiti ons. These pages do not count toward your page requirement.
PDF DISSERTATION AND THESIS FORMATTING GUIDE Spring 2024
List of A bbreviations or symbols (if used) If included, counted, type number(s) on page(s) in Roman numeral(s) Body of Dissertation (required) a. Text (required) b. Appendix/Appendices (optional) c. ... master's thesis abstracts should not exceed 500 words. E ven though ProQuest/UMI no
Thesis and Dissertation Formatting
The requirements listed in the Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Requirements apply to the formal master's thesis and the doctoral dissertation. The thesis or dissertation is a report of original research and scholarly work that is shared with the academic community and is made available to the public. The thesis or dissertation becomes part ...
Dissertation & Thesis Manual
A master's thesis must be a significant research work that must be approved in its entirety by the master's committee. The final version of the dissertation/thesis must conform to the details outlined in the "Preparation and Submission Manual for Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses." For reference, we have provided some highlights ...
Structure and Style of Theses and Dissertations
Each student and their supervisory committee should work together to determine the scholarly scope and most appropriate structure of the thesis, keeping in mind scholarly standards within their fields and professional objectives of the student. As forms of scholarship continue to evolve, so do the possibilities for how a body of scholarly work can be expressed. Theses at UBC can include many ...
PDF OSCM Thesis Guidelines 10Dec2015 rev2
The list of figures, tables, abbreviations, and symbols are only necessary when corresponding items are used in the report/thesis. 1. Preliminaries a. Cover sheet b. Signature page c. Abstract (maximum 150 words) d. Table of contents e. List of figures f. List of tables g. List of abbreviations h. List of symbols 2. Main body of thesis (example) a.
PDF THESIS WRITING GUIDE
1.13 List of symbols and abbreviations page 5 1.14 List of appendices page 5 1.15 Text 6 1.15.1 References in the text 7 ... for a Master's thesis or Master's project report and not longer than 350 words for a Doctoral thesis written in two languages, Bahasa Melayu and English. For a thesis
Required Sections, Guidelines, and Suggestions : Graduate School
Information pertaining specifically to master's candidates and theses is clearly marked with the term "thesis" or "master's candidates. ... As a page heading, use "LIST OF SYMBOLS" in all capital letters, centered on the page. Preface. Required? Optional. Suggested numbering: xi (may be more than one page)
Master Thesis List of Symbols
Master Thesis List of Symbols - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.
Adding List of Abbreviations and List of Symbols #218
ArashJavan commented on Sep 8, 2020. changed the title Addin List of Abbreviations and List of Symbols Adding List of Abbreviations and List of Symbols on Sep 8, 2020. TeXhackse added the general LaTeX question label on Sep 8, 2020.
Requirements and Guidelines for the Preparation of Master Theses and
The terminology, symbols, and codes adopted should be consistent throughout the graduate theses. Article 2 Structure of the Graduate Theses. A graduate thesis shall comprise the following components: (1) Cover: The uniform cover provided by the University shall be used; ... Appendix: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Master's Degree Thesis Template ...
List Of Symbols Master Thesis
List Of Symbols Master Thesis, Cheap Reflective Essay Editor Website Au, Topicos Sobre O Texto Nuvem, List Of Tech Companies Providing Biography Writing Services, Top Article Review Proofreading Websites For Masters, Cima Management Case Study 2020, Quote Poetry Essay 4.8/5

Community Blog

List of Abbreviations for a Thesis or Dissertation

What are Abbreviations and Acronyms?

List of Abbreviations in a Thesis or Dissertation

Where Does a List of Abbreviations Go?

Rules for Using Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviated Exceptions

Example of List of Abbreviations for a Thesis or Dissertation

List of Symbols

Further Reading

Browse PhDs Now

Join Thousands of Students

Thesis and Dissertation Guide

Copyright Page

List of Abbreviations

I. Order and Components

Lists of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

because LaTeX matters

Share this:

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Thesis and Dissertation Formatting

General Instructions

Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Resources:

Preliminary Pages

Page Numbering

Pages appear in this order

Tables and Figures

Landscape format

Figure Captions

References and Citations

Preparing to Graduate

Preparation and Submission Manual Overview

Specifications and Formatting

Page Organization

Figures and Tables

Appendices and References

Use of Published Material and Co-Author Permissions

Copyright and Publishing Options

Dissertation and Thesis Release Form (Embargo Form)

Structure and Style of Theses and Dissertations

1. Title page (required)

3. Abstract (required - maximum 350 words)

4. Lay Summary (required - maximum 150 words)

5. Preface (required)

6. Table of contents (required)

11. Lists of symbols, abbreviations or other (advisable if applicable)

14. Dedication (optional)

18. Bibliography (mandatory except for MFA and MMUS)

19. Appendices (Optional)

Strategic Priorities

Initiatives

/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="list of symbols master thesis"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Copyright Page

Doctoral candidates:

Master’s candidate:

Biographical Sketch

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

Two-Volume Theses or Dissertations

List of Figures, Illustrations, and Tables

Table of contents format:

Page format:

Optional Elements

List of Symbols

Body of the Dissertation or Thesis: Text

Appendix (or Appendices)

Bibliography (or References or Works Cited)

Font Samples

Sample TeX and LaTeX Fonts

Sample PC Fonts

Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests...

Saved searches

Adding List of Abbreviations and List of Symbols #218

ArashJavan commented Sep 8, 2020

schoeps commented Sep 9, 2020

TeXhackse commented Sep 9, 2020 • edited

Why choose us

IMAGES

VIDEO

COMMENTS