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Geography Coursework

Christopher-John Hammond

Contents page

Collection and Selection of Primary and Secondary Data

Page 1                        Introduction

Page 2                House Pricing

Page 3-6                Location, Maps and Photos

Page 7                Hypothesis

Page 8-9                Key Geographical Terms

Page 10                Geographical Theory – Shopping Hierarchy

Page 11                Geographical Theory – The Burgess Model

Page 12-13                Method table

Data Presentation

Page 14                Hypothesis 1

Page 15                Hitchin Dot and Isoline Map

Page 16                Southgate Dot and Isoline Map

Page 17                Pedestrian Density Table

Page 18                Pedestrian Density Scatter Graph

Page 19-20                Spearmans Rank

Page 21                Hypothesis 2

Page 22                Hitchin Environmental Quality Table

Page 23                Hitchin Environmental Quality Stacked Bar Graph

Page 24                Southgate Environmental Quality Table

Page 25                Southgate Environmental Quality Stacked Bar Graph

Page 26                Hypothesis 3

Page 27                Sphere of Influence Map for Hitchin

Page 28        Sphere of Influence Table for Southgate

Page 29        Sphere of Influence Graph for Southgate

Page 30        Hypothesis 4

Page 31        Land Use Map for Hitchin

Page 32        Land Use Map for Southgate

Page 33        A Bar Graph to Show Types of Services in Hitchin

Page 34        A Bar Graph to Show Types of Services in Southgate

Page 35        Questionnaire Tables for Hitchin and Southgate

Page 36        Questionnaire Graph for Southgate

Page 37        Questionnaire Graph for Southgate

Page 38        Questionnaire Graph for Hitchin

Page 39        Questionnaire Graph for Hitchin

Page 40-41        Display of Questionnaire for Hitchin

Page 42-43        Display of Questionnaire for Southgate

Analysis, Interpretations and Conclusions

Page 44-47        Analysis

Page 48-49        Evaluation

Page 50-51        Conclusions

Page 52        Comparison

Page 53        Bibliography

Introduction

In June 2006, my geography group went on a trip to Hitchin as part of as introduction. Key elements of this topic are land use models, shopping and settlement hierarchy, sphere of influence and traffic , pedestrian survey, environmental survey, questionnaires and vehicle surveys. We had collected these pieces of data to test against hypothesis we made.

Southgate originated as a small settlement which developed up in the North West corner of Edmonton parish along the southern boundary of Enfield Chase. The name derived from the south gate of Enfield Chase which stood roughly where Chase Road now joins Winchmore Hill Road. Slightly to the south another small settlement, known as South Street, grew up around Southgate Green. The two settlements were eventually linked by ribbon development along what is now Southgate High Street. The name, South Street, gradually fell out of use during the 19th century. Southgate's first place of worship, the Weld Chapel was built in Waterfall Road in 1615. (It was replaced by the present Christ Church in 1863).

The area was originally very heavily wooded. Much of the future Arnos and Grovelands estates consisted in the 16th century of oak coppice woods which were heavily exploited. The main products were firewood, charcoal and oak bark which was sold for use in tanning. (Remains of the woodland can be seen in Grovelands Park).

Although now best known for it's  Hitchin's history stretches far back in time. By the middle of the 19th century the railway had arrived, and with it a new way of life for Hitchin. The Corn Exchange was built in the Market Place and within a short time Hitchin established itself as a major centre for grain trading. The latter half of the 20th century has also brought great changes in communication to Hitchin. Motorways have shortened the journey time and brought Luton, a few miles away on the Ml, and the A1 (M) even closer.

Here is a four bedroom house in Southgate; it’s on for sale for £645,000. It is a detached house on chase way.

This is also a four bedroom detached house on sale for £339,995.

Hitchin in comparison to Southgate sells homes for the same size but almost half the price. This is because the land becomes more expensive closer to London.

• East of England
• Found between the M1 and A1 (M) motorways
• Located along A505
• NE of Luton
• NNE of central London
• Approximately 40 km from Southgate
• Population of 30 360
• Hertfordshire
• Greater London
• 15 km from central London
• Piccadilly line

There are more pedestrians closer to the CBD in both Hitchin and Southgate.

I predict this because there are services and jobs therefore making it busier. There is also the tube and a bus terminal where locals pass through to get to central London. Also further out there are less services, less jobs and it is more residential.

The environment is of a higher quality in Hitchin than in Southgate.

I predict this because firstly there, is the tube and a bus terminal, therefore commuters may drop litter. It is also closer to central London. There are two fast food restaurants. There are a high density of pedestrians and cars causing a lot of congestion through the high street. Further more Hitchin also has pedestrianised areas.

  Hitchin has a wider sphere of influence than Southgate.

This is a preview of the whole essay

  I predict this because there is a market on Tuesdays and Saturdays. They sell more comparison goods than Southgate. Hitchin has car parks where as Southgate have pay and display areas so there are very few areas to park. Hitchin has the biggest shopping area in relation to surrounding towns. Also Southgate has a big residential area surrounding it so therefore there are only locals commuting to Southgate.  

Southgate sells more low order goods than Hitchin.

I predict this because Southgate has two supermarkets; Southgate is closer to central London and sells more convenience goods. Southgate is closer to central London and so the land is more expensive. The land in Southgate is mainly used by commuters and people living locally.

Key Geographical Terms

• Urban  - An urban area is an area with an increased  of humans. An urban area is more frequently called a  or .
• Rural  - Rural areas (also referred to as the countryside) are sparsely settled places away from the influence of large . People in rural areas live in , , on  and in other isolated .
• CBD - Is the central district of a city, usually typified by a concentration of retail and commercial buildings. Although applicable to any city, both terms usually refer to larger cities.
• Sphere of Influence  - In some areas of habitation, shopping or retail outlets or indeed destination outlets, have a sphere of influence over towns of certain areas, for example the Central Business District (CBD).
• Shopping Hierarchy  - The concept of a shopping hierarchy, ranging from large regional shopping centres down to the village or corner shop, settlements can be placed in order in a hierarchy based on their size and the services which they provide.
• High order goods (comparison goods) - These are things bought less frequently and are more expensive.
• Lower order goods (convenience goods)  – These are things bought more frequently and are usually less expensive.
• Social Geography - Social geography is the study of how  affects  features and how  factors affect society.
• Economic Geography - Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities. It focuses on the location of industries and retail and wholesale businesses and on the changing value of real estate.
• Environmental Geography - Environmental geography represents a critically important set of analytical tools for assessing the impact of human presence on the  by measuring the result of human activity on natural landforms and cycles.
• Congestion - Congestion is a state of excessive accumulation or overfilling or overcrowding. This mainly generalized to traffic and vehicles.
• Burgess Model – It is a graph to show the outward growth from the CBD.
• Central Place theory - Is a  theory that seeks to explain the size and spacing of human .  

Geographical Theory

Shopping Hierarchy

The concept of a shopping hierarchy, ranging from large regional shopping centres down to the village or corner shop, settlements can be placed in order in a hierarchy based on their size and the services which they provide. The same can be applied to account for the distribution of shopping centres of different sizes. The diagram below shows how the five types fit into an urban hierarchy, although this has been generalised. In some areas CBDs have declined due to competition with regional shopping centres. Dudley is an example of this. The construction of the Merryhill Shopping Centre has caused huge problems in Dudley the local CBD. Many shops have closed or moved to the shopping centre. Shops can be placed into a hierarchy order, ranking based on what type of shop it is and what it sells. At the bottom of this hierarchy are the small shops that sell convenience items, like bread or milk (everyday items). Then at the top of this structure would be shops, which sell comparison items, like a large TV or a home appliance.

• CBD & Shopping Centres  – High order centre (usually only one). Sells: comparison, luxury and specialist goods.
• Secondary Centres & Suburban Parades  – Middle order centres (usually several). Sells: a mixture of convenience and specialist goods.
• Corner Shops  – Low order centres (many). Sells: convenience goods.

The Burgess Model

As towns develop they grew outwards from the CBD, this means that buildings became increasingly recent towards the city boundary. The outward growth is shown on the model by five circular zones next to the CBD. This model can help us when it comes to the pedestrian count, because we can use the data that we collect to write a conclusion from the information we already know about the burgess model.

• Zone 1 : Central Business District (CBD) where most of the tertiary employment is located and where the urban transport infrastructure is converging, making this zone the most accessible.
• Zone 2 : Immediately adjacent to the CBD a zone where many industrial activities locate to take advantage of nearby labour and markets. Further, most transport terminals, namely port sites and rail yards, are located adjacent to the central area.
• Zone 3 : This zone is gradually been reconverted to other uses by expanding manufacturing / industrial activities. It contains the poorest segment of the urban population, notably first generations, in the lowest housing conditions.
• Zone 4 : Residential zone dominated by the working class and those who were able to move away from the previous. This zone has the advantage of being located near the major zones of employment and thus represents a low cost location for the working class.
• Zone 5 : Represents higher quality housing linked with longer commuting costs.

Method Table

Hypothesis 1

The closer to the CBD someone is the population density increases. There further away from the town centre the population density decreases I saw that there were 226 people in the CBD where as 300m away there was a total population density of 23 south of the ton centre. However there was a population density of 130, 250m north of the town centre. This could be because of the parking area was there, and there were some out of town shoppers using their cars to get to and from Hitchin, going home . There is a high density of people near the CBD because there is more comparison goods sold near there as well as there will be more attractions, this therefore means there are going to be a higher density of people there. Furthermore there is a market place close to the CBD which will furthermore attract people closer to the centre.

Southgate station is the CBD of Southgate. I know there are more people near the CBD as I counted 281. I counted the pedestrian density in four different places near the CBD, and all four places had a high pedestrian density. Away from the CBD pedestrian densities consisted of the following figures; 150, 156 and 102. These all way below 200, which was been the lowest pedestrian density close to the CBD. The CBD has such a high density because there is a tube station. Many locals use the tube to get to work; furthermore there is a bus station around the station, making the CBD the most important means of transport. As well as there is only residential areas further out of the CBD, this making it the only attraction in Southgate.  

The graph has a negative correlation. Therefore the further away from the town centre the number of pedestrians decrease. This is because are all the high order goods sold there, furthermore there is the CBD there making it more attractive, as well as there being a Marks and Spencers for people doing their daily shopping. There were two anomalies in the graph; the first was because this point was the closest to the CBD making it the densest. For reasons stated above. The second anomaly was also fairly close to the town centre although this point had a low pedestrian density, this could be because of an unexpected circumstance such as there weren’t many shops open there or more people were in the shops rather out side.

Spearmans rank show similar results as the scatter graph. I calculated a rank of -0.632. The ranks go from 1 to -1, 1 means strong positive correlation, whereas -1 shows strong negative correlation. Because I calculated a rank of -0.632 this means that as the distance increases from the town centre the population density decreases. This could be because of the same reasons cover in the scatter graph which were, high order goods sold there, more attractive and a market place.

The dot and isoline map for Hitchin (pedestrian density), dot and isoline map for Southgate (pedestrian density), scatter graph with line of best fit pedestrian density in Hitchin and the spearmans rank has proven that there are more pedestrians closer to the CBD in both Hitchin and Southgate.

Hypothesis 2

In the stacked bar graph a score is given from between -5 to 5. A high score (5) represents a good environmental quality and a low score (-5) represents a low environmental quality. Scores are given in ten different aspects, noise, safety, beauty, litter, crowd, pollution, space, attractive, congestion and friendly. This environmental survey was done in four different places. Looking at my stacked bar graph there wasn’t much noise except for the high street. This is because Hitchin has many pedestrianised areas, as well as there being a parking area, therefore there were very few cars making any noise. Also unlike Southgate Hitchin hasn’t got so many buses. The high street was the only exception when it came to noise, as this is where there was the most activity going on such as, cars passing by and it is the main attraction to shoppers. The high street scored a -4 when it came to noise making in the loudest.  In terms of safety sun street was the safest. This is because this was a pedestrianised area, where there is no risk of being run over by any cars, this also meant there is very little pollution as well. Sun Street was generally had the best environmental quality out of all the 4 different places. Scoring 21 out of 50, and the high street scoring -15 out of 50. There is such an extreme difference because having a pedestrianised area is really important for environmental quality, this because it shows attractiveness, very little congestion, although having a pedestrianised area could risk more litter and crowds, however Hitchin’s pedestrianised areas have a large space. Although it is at more of risk of having more litter, it however doesn’t. This could be because there are a lot dustbins situated everywhere. And because of these pedestrianised areas Hitchin is less polluted.

Looking at Hitchin's environmental I can see that Hitchin’s environmental quality is much better than Southgate. Southgate is way more congested as there are no areas dedicated for parking, therefore the only parking available is on the side of pavements (pay and display), this causes trouble for buses as parking spaces run out, so some people park in bus lanes. Southgate unlike Hitchin has no pedestrianised areas except the pavement, making it to be very congested. Having a tube station and a bus terminal has a big effect on Southgate’s environmental quality. Southgate becomes a very noisy place and very polluted because of the tube station and bus terminal. There also tends to be a lot of litter, this is due to have a fast food restaurant. Litter and the fact that it is noisy and polluted make Southgate quite ugly and unfriendly.

From my sphere of influence map I can see that out of the ten people I asked in my questionnaire 2 travelled less than 2km, 2 travelled between 2-5 km, 4 travelled between 5-10km and 2 travelled more than 10km. People have travelled far to get to Hitchin because Hitchin sells more high order goods. This means items bought less frequently such as furniture. Shops that sell things that are bought less frequently are rarer in comparison to shops that sell things bought quite often. This would therefore mean people are going to have to travel further to buy their comparison goods.

From my sphere of influence graph I can see that out of the ten people I asked in my questionnaire 4 travelled less than 2km, 2 travelled between 2-5 km, 2 travelled between 5-10km and 2 travelled more than 10km. This is because Southgate there are two supermarkets in Southgate, Asda and Marks and Spencers. These are convenience goods and are bought more often. This means mainly locals come to Southgate.

 Hitchin has a larger sphere of influence because it sells more comparison goods, this attracts out of town shoppers. Furthermore having a parking area also attracts people to come to Hitchin as it doesn’t require them to have to find a parking space. Because Southgate has only pay and display very little or no out of town shoppers will come to Southgate.

From the land use map of Hitchin and Southgate and the bar graph of services in Hitchin and Southgate I can see both towns contradict each other as Hitchin sells more comparison goods whereas Southgate sells more convenience goods. Hitchin has an excellent range of shops, many of which are comparison goods stores, such as furniture. Hitchin has managed to maintain its market town traditions and feel and still integrate some larger chain stores. This section will list some of the smaller independent shops, many of which are owned by local families.

Southgate has many pubs and restaurants that cater for a wide variety of interests and tastes. There are several top sports and fitness centres and the public leisure centre is also close by, complete with a large swimming pool. The town utilises a varied shopping centre served by the top high street retail and financial outlets plus a large Asda superstore. A Marks and Spencers is also available. A wide selection of smaller grocery and late night opening shops are also present.

This hypothesis was correct, which had demonstrated in my pedestrian density count. There was a higher density of pedestrians in the centre of both Hitchin and Southgate then further away. The hierarchy of shops slowly decreases as you go further away from the CBD as well as the pedestrian count. The pedestrians came to Southgate are good transport links in the CBD in Southgate such as bus and train station.

I predicted this because there are generally more services and jobs in the CBD in any town, therefore making it busier. Also further out there are less services, less jobs and it is more residential. The highest value was 281 and it was next to the tube station, the lowest value was along Bourne Street and was 50. The CBD in Hitchin had a pedestrian count of 226. Then moving further out the CBD was 13.                

This hypothesis was also true. Looking at my stacked bar graph, environmental quality, after looking at all the factors involved such as litter, congestion, pollution etc, Hitchin seems to have much better quality. Firstly because I think Southgate have more fast food restaurants and newsagents as well as having a tube station in the CBD which means that people who commute to London tend to litter quite a bit. Hitchin has many pedestrainised areas resulting in less pollution and congestion and of course Hitchin has a parking area there a lot more people can walk rather than driving everywhere. Southgate is also situated closer to London that Hitchin is as well. London is where most of the work is located.

  I predicted this because there is a market on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Hitchin has car parks where as Southgate have pay and display areas so there are very few areas to park. Hitchin has the biggest shopping area in relation to surrounding towns.  I used my sphere of influence map for Hitchin and my bar chart for Southgate made from information collected from my questionnaire.  Also Southgate has a big residential area surrounding it so therefore there are only locals commuting to Southgate .

Because those who come to Hitchin aren’t locals they use it more as a shopping centre so therefore it doesn’t sell convenience items

.The  land in Southgate is mainly used by commuters and people living locally. This was also proved by use of my questionnaire. I used the question, ‘How often do you come to Southgate?’,’ How often do you come to Hitchin?’ Because those who come to Hitchin aren’t locals they use it more as a shopping centre so therefore it doesn’t sell convenience items. Using the land use map for both Hitchin and Southgate, I compared them to see which shopping place had which types of shops. Southgate had considerable amount more convenience shops. Hitchin is larger and is more of an all day shopping area. This means that it can have more comparison shops and it will keep people interested and attracted.

Bibliography

• Key Geography for GCSE Book 1
• Key Geography Skills
• GCSE Bite size
• Google Images

Document Details

• Word Count 4549
• Page Count 26
• Subject Geography

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Student Handout: Know Your Samples!

Last updated 6 Jul 2023

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Here is a handy student handout that summarises the different methods of sampling that students are expected to know as part of the GCSE Geography course - free to download!

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Programmes & Qualifications

Cambridge igcse geography (0460).

• Syllabus overview

The syllabus year refers to the year in which the examination will be taken.

• -->2023 Syllabus (PDF, 472KB)
• -->2024 Syllabus (PDF, 739KB)
• -->2025 - 2026 Syllabus update (PDF, 143KB)

Important notices

Please note that if you make an entry for the A*-G grading scale, it is not then possible to switch to the 9-1 grading scale once the entries deadline has passed. If you find that you have accidentally made an entry for the A*-G syllabus, you must withdraw and re-enter before the entries deadline.

For some subjects, we publish grade descriptions to help understand the level of performance candidates’ grades represent.

We paused the publication of grade descriptions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the temporary changes to the awarding standard in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

As the awarding standard has now returned to the pre-pandemic standard, we are working to produce up-to-date grade descriptions for most of our general qualifications. These will be based on the awarding standards in place from June 2023 onwards.

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GCSE Geography

GCSE Geography Online (IGSCE)

Our Online GCSE Geography Course is the international version. This course aims to develop your knowledge and understanding of geographical concepts and enables you to appreciate the relevance of these concepts in the world. You will apply and build on the fundamental building blocks of geographical knowledge. You will also develop a framework of spatial awareness in which to appreciate the importance of the location of places and environments from a local to global scale.

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Study Exam Options

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Entry Requirements

Course topics.

This course will teach you the Edexcel International GCSE Geography syllabus (4GE1). You'll study 4 units:

• The Natural Environment
• People and their Environments
• Practical Geographical Enquiry
• Global Issues

For a full breakdown of course content, download the IGCSE Geography Brochure .

How You Will Study

All of your lessons and assessments are available on CloudPort - our Moodle-based learning environment (Moodle VLEs are used by most colleges and universities in the UK).

Start with lesson 1 and work through the course in a linear pathway or choose to jump to the section that you need. Your learning is completely flexible and allows you to set your programme of learning around the skills you need.

Submit assessments as you work through the course. Get instant results and feedback on activities to track your progress. Use these assessments as learning launchpads, allowing you to focus your time on the topics you need to brush up on.

You will have access to all course materials, assessments and tutor support for 12 months from the day of enrolment. Extensions are available for students who wish to study over a longer period.

Your Own Dedicated Tutor

You are not alone! You will be assigned a personal 1:1 tutor on your day of enrolment. Your tutor will remain by your side, throughout your learning journey until you get qualified.

All tutors are qualified teachers and subject matter specialists who will ensure you have the correct guidance and support when you need it. As a CloudLearn student you will have unlimited access to tutor support.

Assessment And Examination

CloudLearn GCSEs and A-Levels are structured around formative assessments allowing you to test your knowledge as you work towards qualification. Before taking your exam you will submit a mock exam to give you the practise you need before the big day.

When ready we arrange your exam. We have agreements with exam centres all over the UK. Our students also take advantage of preferential pricing due to the volume of students we channel to exam centres.

As part of your enrolment service package we will make all the arrangements for your final exam. This includes locating a centre and booking the relevant exam/s. Exam fees are additional.

Exam fees can be bundled using the Exam Bundles drop down when adding to basket. Have a look on our Exams Page for a detailed explanation of this service.

The Edexcel IGCSE Geography exam is available in May/June each year. It is assessed over 2 exam papers:

• Paper 1 4GE1/01 - 1 hour 10 min exam
• Paper 2 4GE1/02 - 1 hour 45 min exam

We generally ask that you book written exams at least 6 months in advance.

Booking your exam after the booking deadline will incur late fees (available for one month after deadline) and high late fees (available up until exam entry closure).

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Guaranteed pass, why enrol with cloudlearn.

• The UK's only GCSE and A-Level specialist
• Study at your pace, where and when you want
• Study interactively on any device
• We guarantee your exam pass
• We arrange your exams
• Our flexible study, unlimited support, and interest-free payment plans allow you to fit learning around your busy schedule
• That's why we support thousands of students every year, to get the GCSEs they need to prosper.

Payment Options

Choose to pay in full or spread the cost over our 6 months interest-free payment plans.

We offer longer payment plans of 12, 24, 36 or 48 months. These extended plans are subject to interest. For more details contact our student advisors on 0330 111 4006 or visit our payment plan page.

Career Pathways

By joining our Online GCSE Geography Course you will develop skills that will set you apart from other candidates on your career path. You will actively engage in the process of geographical enquiry to become an effective and independent learner and a critical and reflective thinker. You will also improve your communication, organisational, problem solving skills by undertaking geographical investigations that include both primary and secondary data collection and presentation, analysis and drawing conclusions.

Furthermore, as CloudLearn GCSE Geography Course is founded upon the belief that people have different views of, and attitudes to, the world, its environments and its issues, this course imparts the importance of social responsibility and open-mindedness. You will also develop your knowledge and understanding of geographical concepts and appreciate the relevance of these concepts to our changing world. This is achieved through developing an awareness of global issues and recognising the need for a sustainable future.

We also hope to show you the benefits of continuous learning and intellectual curiosity by inspiring a sustained enjoyment of, and interest in, geography and its associated discourses. Therefore, the CloudLearn GCSE Geography course creates conscientious, innovative and adaptable learners that are equipped with the skills to excel in any degree or profession.

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Geography IGCSE

The planet we live on is complex, beautiful, and fascinating. From the highest mountains to the deepest oceans, there’s so much to discover and explore. If you’d love to learn more about our natural environment, as well as the impact that humankind has upon it and our strategies to live sustainably, then IGCSE Geography is a great choice.

As you study, you’ll develop invaluable transferable skills that will prepare you for employment or higher education .

What you will learn

Unit 1 - population and settlement.

• Population dynamics
• Reasons for high and low birth rates
• Reasons for high and low death rates
• The ‘One Child’ Policy
• Population structure
• Reading population pyramids
• Ageing populations
• Dependant populations
• Youthful populations
• Population density and distribution
• Factors influencing population
• The Sphere of Influence
• Settlement hierarchy
• Types of settlements
• Urban settlements
• Urban land use
• The Burgess (Concentric Ring) Model
• Central Business Districts (CBD)
• The Hoyt (Sector) Model

Unit 2a - The Natural Environment: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Rivers

• What causes earthquakes to occur?
• The Richter and Mercalli Scales
• The different types of volcano
• Hazards, effects, and responses
• The characteristics of rivers
• The Global Hydrological Cycle
• Drainage basins
• River profiles, courses, and processes
• Waterfalls and gorges
• Levees, dams, and reservoirs
• Flooding and management

Unit 2b - The Natural Environment: Coasts, Weather, Climate, and Natural Vegetation

• Coastal erosional processes
• Formation of headlands and bays
• Formation of cliffs and wave-cut platforms
• Characteristics of a cave, arch and stack
• Depositional landforms
• Formation of beaches
• Coastline management
• Coral reefs
• Mangrove swamps
• The difference between weather and climate
• Instruments used to measure weather
• Cloud types
• How clouds form
• Cloud cover
• The layers of tropical rainforests
• Nutrient cycling
• Causes and impacts of deforestation
• Sustainable management strategies

Unit 3a - Economic Development: Development, Food Production, Industry

• Development indicators
• The Human Development Index (HDI)
• Uneven development
• The Clarke Fisher Model
• Causes of economic change
• Globalisation
• Transnational corporations (TNCs)
• The different types of agriculture
• Causes of food shortages
• The effects of food shortages
• Solutions to food shortages
• Types of industry
• Factors influencing the location of an industry

Unit 3b - Economic Development: Tourism, Energy, Water, Environmental Risks

• Why tourism has increased
• Environmental, economic, and social impacts of tourism
• Energy security
• Sources of energy
• Global demand for water
• The impact of water shortages
• Reservoirs and aquifers
• Soil erosion
• Desertification
• The Greenhouse Effect
• Resource conservation

Unit 4 - Fieldwork

• Preparing for Paper 4
• Qualitative and quantitative data
• Discrete and continuous data
• Graphs and charts
• Choropleth Maps
• Isoline Maps
• Desire Line Maps
• Flow Line Maps
• Proportional Symbols
• River fieldwork
• Measuring river velocity, depth, and width
• Measuring wetted perimeter and discharge of rivers
• The methodology for an urban enquiry
• The risks to be considered for an urban enquiry

Unit 5 - Preparing for the Paper 1 Examination

• Preparation for Paper 1
• Practice Paper 1

Unit 6 - Preparing for the Paper 2 Examination

• Preparation for Paper 2
• Practice Paper 2

Awarding Body

Course Outcome

Upon successful completion of this home learning course, you will receive an IGCSE in Geography, issued by CAIE. This syllabus ( 0976 ) has been chosen specifically because it is best suited to distance learning .

How is this course assessed or examined?

You’ll be required to complete two standard IGCSE written exams and one piece of coursework which will be marked by your tutor.

• Assessment 1 – Written exam: 1 hour 45 minutes, 45% of IGCSE, 75 marks weighted to 100 marks.
• Assessment 2 – Written exam: 1 hour 30 minutes, 27.5% of IGCSE, 60 marks.
• Assessment 3: Coursework (2000 words) or Written Exam (1 hour 30 minutes) – 27.5% of IGCSE, 60 marks.

We provide a guaranteed exam space in one of our partner exam centres around the UK. Check where your closest exam centre is.

During your course, you’ll be required to complete various assignments. These do not contribute to your final grade but provide you with an opportunity to submit work to your tutor for marking and feedback. This will help you to monitor your progress.

Entry requirements

There are no formal entry requirements for this level two Geography IGCSE course, however, it is recommended that you have an intermediate ability to read and write in English.

Past Papers

You can access past papers for this course . They are free to access and cover a range of exam boards.

Find out more about the exams here .

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For 10+ years, my passion for helping learners develop and grow has driven my career as a teacher . To help me progress even further, I am currently studying to achieve the IQA award . I love reading and I’m a self-professed Harry Potter fan. Talk to me about all things history, rock music, tattoos and true crime podcasts.  

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