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Top 20 Land Law Dissertation Topics Trending in the Year 2021

  • June 18, 2021 July 15, 2021

There is a famous quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson, “If a man owns land, the land owns him”. This statement of popular American writer deems suited well enough to establish the connection between a man to his land and vice-versa. The ownership of a safe piece of land is as important as food and water for subsistence. The ownership of own piece of land can open new avenues of progress and prosperity for the owner. Apart from shelter, a considerable piece of land can always be put into agriculture, lease, or commercial utility.

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Additionally, the crisis associated with lives can also be resolved by trading off a piece of land with the ‘right to transfer of property’ clauses made in the society by the law. Simply speaking, land is an asset like gold; its value may rise or fall with the passage of time but shall never turn out to become a ‘liability’. Understanding the significance of the land and the properties built over it, the local governing bodies pass regulations to safeguard the rights of the actual owner(s) of the land.

Land Law Dissertation Topics 2021

Prior to the scrolling of a detailed list of the land law dissertation help topics that are preferably imbibed lately, let us have a brief insight what the land laws are all about and why they are indispensable.

Introduction

The land law is classified into the categories of rules and regulations enforced by legal governing bodies to authorise the ownership and the right to use the land. It always alienates or exclude the individuals and parties that do not have direct and indirect association with that concerned piece of land. Most of the rules, regulations, sections, and clauses are in some way related to land use agreements, such as renting.  

Most of the sections that we feature to study the land law somehow performs as the point of intersection between property and contract law. The transfer of property comes from the voluntary decision of the actual (and present) owner of the land due to encumbrance on the rights of the land to constitute the legal land right to another in exchange for the price both the parties consented upon.  

The experts offering law assignment help do not deal with the requested topic in layman’s terms. They define the answers to all the questions asked in the assignment with same legal terminologies and sections of the law that are anticipated to appear on the page by the evaluators. For example, the General Clauses Act renders the definition to the immovable properties. All the regulations belong to an immovable property such as land, the benefits arising out of that land, all the things that are attached to the earth, as well as the things permanently fastened to everything that is attached. The experts recite the assignment work by defining the term ‘land’ which would incorporate everything that is present on, under or above the land.

Why the Land Laws are Important?

The land laws are dedicated to the protection of both evident and concealed assets of the land. These laws govern all the tangible and the intangible components belonging to the piece of land. Here, all the evident assets would include the periphery of the land, natural rock, the quality of the soil, all the trees, buildings, walls, and other forms of constructions. When it comes to the concealed assets, then it shall include oil, treasure, and other kinds of resources that lay beneath the surface of the concerned land before they eventually get discovered. The prevailing laws always prevent the aggressive takeovers from unrighteous parties, offering an unbiased standpoint to defend or fight over the land disputes, safeguarding the demarcation of the actual land boundaries as mentioned in contractual agreements, etc.

The land laws are basically meant to enforce the property rights of the owner with respect to the legal ownership of the land and its resources. The protection of the interests are always backed by the legal systems and its bodies through basic execution of law and order.

Learn about some of the latest business law dissertation topics explored by law fraternity in the year 2021 at the below link to stay updated!

Must read: top 20 business law dissertation topics trending these days, what we are expecting from the land law topics discussed below.

When students submit their land law dissertations with the help of assignment help offered by a professional agency, then things are executed by the masters of the field. Right from topic selection to immaculate editing and proofreading of the final work, the whole job is handled by the experts who know the drill. Unfortunately, the same luxury is not accessible to the students who decide to finish the land law dissertation at their personal magnitude. Their problems start gushing in right from the choice to pick the right topic.

Here, our prima-facie motto is to help such needy law students with their dissertation topic dilemma. Indeed, with the help of a comprehensive, well researched list of topics, we are here to help them pick their favourite topic as per convenience. It helps them to frame the blueprint of their dissertation draft with the latest happenings in the field of legal affairs. And with that, let us look at the list of land law dissertation topics that we believe are worth your time.

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Get familiar with the latest topics discussed in tort law curriculum to stay ahead of your colleagues by going through the below informative blog –

Must read: top 20 tort law dissertation topics trending in 2021, top 20 land law dissertation topics for the law students in the year 2021.

While covering an all-inclusive list of land law dissertation topics, we have ensured to list the topics revolving around the enforcement of the regulations and acts indigenous to certain nations and regions worldwide. It makes the list comprehensive enough to cover the requirements of students studying in nearly all parts of the world.

  • History, scope, objective, applicability, and the salient features of the Right to the Fair Compensation and the Transparency in the Land Acquisition, the Rehabilitation, and the Resettlement Act, 2013
  • The procedure of the determination of public purposes and social impact of fair compensation to the indigenous of the tribal land
  • What are the provisions of notification and acquisition of land under government schemes in the Québec province of Canada?
  • Discuss some of the talked about cases of rehabilitation and resettlement award under land reform act 2013
  • Elaborate the classes and powers of the revenue offices under Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act, 2015 and Land Reform (Scotland) Act, 2016
  • How Dawes Severalty Act or General Allotment Act affected the landholdings of the native Americans within the United States?
  • How the second land reforms under the Great Leap Forward destroyed the property rights of peasants in China? What could have been a suitable alternative to egalitarian principle of distribution to ensure better results?
  • A review of the property law through the antitrust principles of the United States
  • A systematic analysis of the property law in the UK and its practical implications
  • An in-depth analysis of the rationale for private property rights of the immigrants to the UK
  • The classification of the land and property law in the digital community across the globe.
  • A review of the tribal land rights of the aboriginal Australians
  • Discuss in detail the agricultural property rights in the State of New South Wales, Australia
  • Give a discourse of the rights of women to acquire and hold land across any three geographical territories
  • The application of land and property law for the protection of heritage sites in Europe. State the course of discussion with the heritage sites of five different countries of the European Union.
  • Unification of land and property laws across the borders- a necessity?
  • Are the provisions for the prevention of harassment and eviction are effective enough to safeguard the rights of the tenants?
  • Is the Homelessness Reduction Act (HRA) 2017 is sufficient to curtail the growing homelessness in the UK?
  • Discuss “knowing receipt” and “knowing assistance” and their ramifications under the English trusts law doctrine.
  • To what degree does an adverse possession an essential right to forestall the rise in the number of vacant properties?

The topics enlisted above are well suited for the land law dissertation help requirements of the students. But the good news is that the students expecting topics of the law for different other assignment writing formats like case study help , essay help , research paper writing help or thesis help . We can customise the writing as per any given topic to suit any writing format meant for the legal assignment submission.

Land Law Assignment Help

Wish to come across the widest range of taxation law dissertation topics to pick from? Read the below blog to get the widest range of exclusive titles worth creation of finest assignment drafts.

Must read: top 50 taxation law dissertation topics hotly trending in 2021.

The familiarity with the legal studies of the land law can open the doors to an immense numbers of career opportunities. Now, there is always a possibility of successfully finishing the given land law dissertation assignment at your personal efforts and we as a responsible agency would be gladder of your accomplishment. But in case, you are feeling the heat of submitting your next land law dissertation assignment with proximity of deadline, then also you are in safe hands.

Your reasons can be associated with an incomplete assignment, pressure of upcoming exams, attending important co-curricular activities of your law school, lack of conceptual clarity of the given land law topic or simply no interest in finishing the assigned homework. Just let our service representative know about your requirements by visiting land law assignment help and get your assignment requests attended by the finest academicians of law in the industry. We feature the most revered team of 500+ assignment writers with a lasting track record of submitting 10,000+ assignments in the last 15 years.

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Law Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 9th, 2023 , Revised On April 26, 2024

Law dissertations can be demanding because of the need to find relevant regulations, cases, and data to address the research problem successfully. It is of utmost importance to critically examine facts before framing the  research questions .

Selection of the most appropriate legal terms and legal authorities, whether online or in print, can be challenging especially if you have not tackled a law dissertation project before.

To help you select an intriguing law  dissertation  topic,  our expert writers have suggested some issues in various areas of law, including trust law, EU law, family law, employment and equality law, public law, tort law, intellectual property rights, commercial law, evidence, and criminal law, and human rights and immigration law.

These topics have been developed by PhD-qualified writers of our team , so you can trust to use these topics for drafting your dissertation.

Review step by step guide on how to write your own dissertation  here.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting  a brief research proposal  from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an  introduction  to the topic,  research question , aim and objectives ,  literature review  along with the proposed  methodology  of research to be conducted.  Let us know  if you need any help in getting started.

Check our  dissertation examples to get an idea of  how to structure your dissertation .

Review the full list of dissertation topics for 2024 here.

2024 Law Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: the role of international criminal laws in reducing global genocide.

Research Aim: This study aims to find the role of international criminal laws in reducing global genocide. It will be an exploratory study identifying the explicit and implicit effects of international criminal laws on the worldwide genocide. It will analyse different incidents of international genocide and find out how international criminal laws played a positive role to reduce these incidents. Lastly, it will recommend possible changes in the international criminal laws to effectively mitigate global genocide. And it will be done by comparing criminal laws of world-leading powers to reduce genocide.

Topic 2: Impact of Anti-Racism Employment Laws on Organisational Culture- A Comparative Study on the Anti-Racism Employment Laws in the US and Canada

Research Aim: This research aims to find the impact of anti-racism employment laws on the organisational culture in the US and Canada in a comparative analysis. It will identify the change in employees’ behaviour after implementing anti-racism laws. Moreover, it will find whether employees gleefully welcomed these laws or showed resistance. And how do these laws affect the organisations’ performance that strictly implemented them?

Topic 3: Globalization, international business transactions, and commercial law- A perspective from literature.

Research Aim: Students and practitioners can find the law of international business transactions as a subfield within a broader field of international commercial law to be somewhat amorphous.

This study will explain the impact of globalization on international business transactions and commercial law by establishing some necessary links between the study of transnational business law and related fields of international studies. This study also aims to address theories about foreign business regulation, such as the idea that it is free of power politics. For the collection of data existing literature will be studied. And the methodology of this research will rely on existing previous literature.

Topic 4: Investigating the impact of competition law on the businesses in the UK- Post Brexit

Research Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of competition laws on businesses in the Post-Brexit UK. The proposed study will not only analyze the performance of the businesses with the current competition laws. But also analyze the impact of possible changes in competition laws on the businesses in the post-Brexit UK. And it will also incorporate the possible difference of changes in competition laws in deal, no-deal, hard deal, and soft deal scenarios. This way of individually analyzing the difference of competition laws due to the status of the UK’s deal with the EU will give better insights into how businesses will be affected by these laws in the post-Brexit UK.

Topic 5: A comparison between Islamic and contemporary laws against rape. Which law is the most effective in preventing this horrific crime?

Research Aim: Since several years, marital and non-marital relations in Muslim majority countries have been a source of controversy. Under Islamic law, it is strictly forbidden for a Muslim, or even non-Muslim to engage in illicit sexual relations with the opposite gender under any situation. The current study will help us understand the concepts presented in Islamic laws about rape cases. In this context, a comparative analysis of Islamic and contemporary law will be explained. It will also identify efficient and effective strategies to prevent this horrific crime.

Law Dissertation Topics For Covid Crisis

Topic 1: the legal implications of the covid-19 pandemic on canadian immigration and the way forward..

Research Aim: This study will focus on how the Canadian government benefits from resources accrued from immigration, the impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Immigration, the current legislation on immigration, the effects of COVID-19 on the immigration law, the possible amendments that could help cushion the impact and the way forward.

Topic 2: Effect of COVID-19 on the United States Immigration policies; an assessment of International Legal agreements governing pandemic disease control and the way forward.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the pandemic’s effect on immigration policies in the United States. It also suggests the required steps based on the laws that regulate government acts during an outbreak of a pandemic.

Topic 3: Creating legal policies in preparedness for the global pandemic; lessons from COVID-19 on Canadian immigration policies.

Research Aim: This research will focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world and how most countries seemed unprepared. Historical background of the flu pandemic can also be made to assess how the world overcame the pandemic. And the need for the Canadian government or any other country you wish to choose can prepare for a global pandemic by creating legal policies that could help prepare ahead for such a period, such as policies on scientific research and funding.

Topic 4: The need for uniformity of competition law and policy in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries; An approach to the European Union standard.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the Gulf Cooperation Countries and their current legislation on competition law and its implications. Countries under the European Union’s competition law, the legal implications, and the need to consider such a part.

Topic 5: The need for competition law and policy enforcement; An analysis of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.

Research Aim: This research focuses on the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ competition laws and their enforceability. It analyses the benefits of enforcing the competition law and looks at the European Union uniformed laws and its benefits. It looks into the various countries, how the competition law currently works, and how it can affect each country’s economy in a better way or adequately enforced.

Topic 6: Provisions of the law on rape, the need to expand its coverage on the misuse of its provisions, and false accusations.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the law’s present provisions on rape and rape victims and the recent false accusations.

Topic 7: Summary dismissal of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the legal implications under the labour law, and the way forward. The case study of Nigeria

Research Aim: This research will focus on the statistics of people who were summarily dismissed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on natural occurrences, provisions of the law against summary dismissal, and its enforcement, and how this can be cushioned against future events. The need to expand the labour law to cover similar situations for the protection of workers.

Topic 8: A legal assessment of the settlement of international disputes through the peaceful process and its effectiveness

Research Aim: This research focuses on the mode of dispute settlement in the international community, assessment of international laws and treaties on peaceful settlement of conflicts among countries of member states, the methods of dispute settlements, its strengths and weaknesses, and the need to improve the current mechanisms of peaceful settlement in the international community.

Topic 9: The protection of minority shareholders and the majority shareholders' power in Companies, a critical analysis of the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act provisions.

Research Aim: This research will focus on the law’s provisions on protecting minority shareholders in companies and the majority shareholders’ power. How effective are these provisions in protecting the minorities against the management of the majority shareholders and the way forward

More Law Dissertation Topics 2024

Topic 1: world bank developmental projects and greater accountability.

Research Aim: Examine communities impacted by development operations under the World Bank Development project schemes using the project law model to understand the lack of participation and successful influence of these communities to improve accountability and good governance.

Topic 2: The right to bear arms: Rethinking the second amendment

Research Aim: Gun control and the right to bear arms has been an ever-evolving web discourse in the United States. The research aims at analysing how gun control laws have changed in the USA since specifically focusing on the 2nd Amendment and its original framework.

Topic 3: Rethinking the international legal framework protecting journalists in war and conflict zones.

Research Question: Is the current legal framework still appropriate for protecting journalists in today’s conflict zones? Research Aim: The primary body of law that is set out to protect journalists includes the Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocols. However, since the time they have been drafted and decades after, there have been conspicuous changes to the way warfare is conducted. It is imperative to examine this body of law in order to improve it as journalists have now become prime targets in war zones and conflict areas because of their profession.

Topic 4: A critical analysis of employment law of disabled individuals in the UK and what new policies can be integrated to increase its efficiency.

Research Aim: Employment or labour law has always been under the limelight. Many critiques and researchers have proposed different amendments to the existing law pertaining to labour and employee. The main aim of the research is to critically analyse the employment law of disabled individuals in the UK along with effective recommendations that need to be made in order to make the existing law more efficient and effective.

Topic 5: A critical evaluation of racial discrimination laws in developed countries and how it impacts the workplace environment

Research Aim: Racial discrimination has always been a controversial issue in almost every part of the World. However, many developed countries (companies) face severe racial discrimination issues that directly impact their name and brand value. Therefore, this research provides a critical evaluation of the racial discrimination laws, particularly in developed countries. Moreover, the research will be focusing on how racial discrimination laws are impacting the workplace environment.

Topic 6: A comparative analysis of legislation, policy, and guidelines of domestic abuse between UK and USA.

Research Aim: Domestic laws basically deal with and provide criminal rules for punishing individuals who have physically or emotionally harmed their own family members. It has been found out that many domestic cases of abuse are not reported to the concerned authority. Due to this reason, the main focus of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of legislation, policy, and guidelines of domestic abuse between the UK and the USA and how effective both the countries have been to minimise domestic abuse.

Topic 7: Analyzing the negative impact of technology in protecting the intellectual property rights of corporations.

Research Aim: Intellectual property has gained significant importance after the emergence of counterfeit products coming from different parts of the world. It has been found out that many factors have motivated the sale of counterfeit products. Therefore, this research aims at analysing the negative impact of technology in protecting the intellectual property rights of products and corporations.

Topic 8: A critical assessment of the terrorism act of 2010 and its impact on Muslims living around the globe.

Research Aim: Since the incident of 9/11, the entire world has been under the pressure of terrorism activities, especially Muslims living around the world. Therefore, this research intends to critically assess the terrorism act of 2010 and its impact on Muslims living around the globe.

Trust Law Dissertation Topics

The trust law requires the settler to meet the three certainties, including the object, intention, and subject matter. As posted to a moral obligation or mere gift, confidence of choice can be best described as clarity of purpose. Some interesting dissertation topics in the field of trust law  are listed below:

  • To investigate the attitude of the courts to trusts supporting political agendas.
  • To identify and discuss principles on which half-secret and full secret trusts are enforced? Does a literature review highlight circumstances where it is essential to consider whether such beliefs are constructive and express?
  • The role and impact of trust law as asset portioning and fiduciary governance
  • From law to faith: Letting go of secret trusts
  • Critical analysis of the statement “Traditionally, equity and the law of trusts have been concerned with providing justice to balance out the rigour of the common law” regarding modern equity development/operation.
  • Should the assumption of resulting trusts and progression be abolished in this modern age? A critical review of the literature
  • A critical examination of the courts’ concern of financial reward in the context of “trustee powers of investment”
  • Does the doctrine of cypress do justice to the intentions of the testator?
  • The impact of the decision of Harrison v Gibson on the law of the clarity of intention?
  • The approval of trustees in the Zimbabwean law of trusts

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ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service!

European Law Dissertation Topics

European law has recently attracted wide attention from the academic world, thanks to the growing influence of European Law on administrative law in EU members. It should be noted that every aspect of life in European states is significantly affected by European law, and therefore this area of research has gained tremendous popularity. Some exciting and specific research areas are given below:

  • A critical review of the European anti-discrimination Law
  • To investigate the economics and history of European Law.
  • An investigation of the European human rights law
  • Investigating the impact of “Freedom of Speech” on the German economy
  • Investigating the impact of immigration laws on the German economy
  • How the French parliamentary sovereignty has been affected by the European Union
  • Uniform interpretation of European patent law with a unique view on the creation of a standard patent court
  • The impact of European consensus in the jurisprudence of the European court of human rights
  • The impact of the European convention on human rights on the international human rights law
  • A critical analysis of the tensions between European trade and social policy
  • To investigate the European Union’s enforcement actions and policies against member countries.
  • European Laws amidst the Brexit process

Read this Article.

Family Law Dissertation Topics

A wide range of topics are covered under the field of family law and the law of children. Essentially, this area of law takes into consideration the registration of marriages, statutory rights concerning marriage, the effects of a decree, void and voidable marriages, the impact of the Human Rights Act, the legal stature of unmarried and married individuals, and the case for reform of UK family law . Other research areas include enforcing financial responsibilities in the Magistrates court, enforcing the arrears of maintenance payments, the award of maintenance, enforcing financial obligations to children or a child, financial orders for children, and the Child Support Act. An extremely intriguing area of law that has gained tremendous popularity in the modern era, some specific  dissertation topics  in this area of law studies are listed below:

  • Investigating therapeutic and theoretical approaches to deal with spouse abuse in light of the UK government’s latest research on domestic violence
  • Unmarried fathers’ access to parental responsibility – Does the current law enforce rights and responsibilities towards children?
  • To study the criminal justice process involving a child witness.
  • The children’s right to participation – Rhetoric or Reality? – A critical review of literature from the past two decades
  • To study the position of unmarried fathers in the UK.
  • Does the UK Family law need a major reform?
  • A critical review of the rights of married women in real estate
  • Child welfare and the role of local authorities
  • To study the legal and social foundations of parenting, civil partnership, and marriage.
  • To examine whether the Child Support Act has positively influenced child maintenance?

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Employment Law Dissertation Topics

Employment and equality law governs the relationship between the government, trade unions, employers, and employees.  Employment and equality law in the UK is a body of law that prevents bias and negative attitudes towards someone based on their ethnicity or race rather than work skills and experience. Some interesting dissertation topics  in this area of law are below:

  • A critical investigation of the right to fair labor practices in the United Kingdom
  • To determine the job’s inherent requirements as a defence to unfair discrimination or a claim – A comparison between the United Kingdom and Canada.
  • The role of the South African Labour Relations Act in providing unhappy staff sufficient protection against unfair dismissals and discrimination at the workplace
  • To investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on employees’ lives with a focus on unfair dismissal and discrimination.
  • To assess ethnic discrimination in the European Union: Derogations from the ban on discrimination – Sexual harassment – Equal pay for equal value work.
  • To study the international employment contract – Regulation, perception, and reality.
  • To identify and discuss challenges associated with equality at work.
  • A study of the legal aspects of the relationship between employer and employee
  • How influential is the role of trade unions in English employment law?
  • A critical review of discrimination policies in the UK

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Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Commercial law, also known as business law, is the whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the conduct, relations, and rights of sales, trade, merchandising, and businesses and persons associated with commerce. Important issues of law covered by commercial law include real estate, secured transactions, credit transactions, bankruptcy, banking, and contracts. An intriguing area of law within the UK, specific topics for your law dissertation are listed below:

  • The impact of legislation for the regulation of investments services with EU economic area on the EU financial services market
  • Handling regulatory involvement incorporates organisational structure and strategy.
  • A study of convergence and complementarities concerning international corporate governance
  • How drafting and diffusion of uniform norms can help to harmonise the law of international commercial arbitration?
  • Convergence and adaption in corporate governance to transnational standards in India
  • A critical review of the international commercial arbitration system
  • Analysing the international commercial law on risk transfer
  • The role of the tripartite financial system in the UK on economic development
  • A comparative analysis of European contract law, international commercial contracts law, and English commercial contracts law
  • Is the European contracts law meeting the needs of the commercial community?
  • A critical review of anti-corruption legislation in the UK
  • The problems of director accountability in the UK and the impact of soft and hard law on corporate governance

Criminal and Evidence Law Dissertation Topics

Criminal law  can be defined as a system of law dealing with the punishment of criminals. Criminal evidence, on the other hand, concerns evidence/testimony presented in relation to criminal charges. Evidence can be presented in various forms in order to prove and establish crimes. A wide array of topics can be covered in this subject area. To help you narrow down your research focus, some  interesting topics  are suggested below:

  • The politics of criminal law reform with a focus on lower-court decision making
  • To understand and establish the historical relationship between human rights and Islamic criminal law
  • Investigating the rights of victims in internal criminal courts
  • The efficacy of the law of rape in order to prevent misuse by bogus victims and to protect rightful victims
  • To assess the criminal law’s approach to Omissions
  • To investigate the issues associated with the identification of the distribution, extent, and nature of the crime
  • A critical review of the Bad Samaritan laws and the law of omissions liability
  • How international criminal law has been significant influenced by the “war on terrors”?
  • The efficacy of modern approaches to the definition of intention in International criminal law
  • The efficacy of the law of corporate manslaughter

Company Law Dissertation Topics

Company law, also known as the  law of business associations , is the body of law that deals with business organisations and their formation, registration, incorporation, governance, dissolution, and administration. Some suggestions for company law dissertation topics are listed below:

  • Developing equity markets in growing economies and the importance of corporate law
  • A critical review of English company law and its effects on member workers and creditors
  • To investigate the essential aspects of corporate law.
  • To study business responsibilities for human rights.
  • Identifying disparities in corporate governance – Theories and Realities
  • The external relations of company groups in Zambian Corporate law
  • To study corporate governance practices concerning the minority stakeholders.
  • Establishing and evaluating arguments for and against “stakeholder theory.”
  • The importance of non-executive directors in the British corporate legal system
  • Investigating the regulation of the UK public company

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Intellectual Property and Tort Law Dissertation topics

All forms of legal injury are dealt with under the subject area of tort law. Essentially, tort law helps to establish the circumstances whereby a person may be held responsible for another person’s injury caused by either accident on intentional acts. On the other hand, intellectual property covers areas of law such as copyright, patents, and trademark. Trademark dissertation topics trademarks directive, trademarks act, infringement of trademarks such as revocation, invalidity, and the use of similar marks. Some interesting dissertation ideas and topics  of tort law and intellectual property are suggested below to help your law studies.

  • The efficacy of intellectual property rights in the UK under influence of European Law
  • The efficacy of UK copyright law concerning the needs of rights users and holders
  • The impact of intellectual property right on economic development
  • To investigate the right of confidence in the UK
  • Does the trademark law ensure sufficient protection in England?
  • The impact of European Law on intellectual property rights in the UK
  • The end of the road for loss of a chance?
  • To assess the success ratio of psychiatric injury claims in the UK
  • Should a no-fault system be implemented into UK law or should the law of negligence apply to personal injury claims?
  • A critical review of economic loss in 21 st century tort law

Human Rights and Immigration Law

The primary objective of human rights and immigration law is to ensure and protect human rights at domestic, regional, and international levels. With the world becoming a global village, human rights and immigration laws have attracted significant attention from academicians and policymakers. Some interesting law dissertation topics in this subject area are suggested below:

  • To assess the efficacy of the common European Asylum system in terms of immigration detention.
  • A historical analysis of Britain’s immigration and asylum policies
  • A critical analysis of immigration policy in Britain since 1990
  • A critical analysis of the right of the police and the public right to protest under PACE 1984
  • The right of prisoners to vote under the European law of human rights
  • Arguments for and against the death penalty in English Law with a focus on human rights treatise
  • A critical analysis of the right to private life and family for failed asylum seekers
  • The impact of UK immigration policies on the current education industry
  • How beneficial the points system has really been in regards to create a cap in the British immigration system
  • To study the impact of privatisation on immigration detention and related functions in the UK.

More Human Rights Law Dissertation Topics

Pandemic Law Dissertation Topics

Coronavirus, also known as the Covid-19, has become the most trending topic in the world since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that started in China. Here are some interesting Corona Virus or Covid 19 Pandemic Law topics that you can consider for your law dissertation.

  • Co-parenting in the coronavirus pandemic: A family law scholar’s advice
  • How San Diego law enforcement operated amid Coronavirus pandemic
  • Pandemic preparedness in the workplace and the British with disabilities act
  • Why In a pandemic, rumors of martial Law fly despite reassurances
  • Investigating About the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and COVID-19
  • Resources to support workers in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic:
  • A legal perspective
  • Navigating the Coronavirus Pandemic
  • Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in the UK going forward
  • Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in the US going forward
  • Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) and employment laws in Australia going forward

More Law Dissertation Topics

  • A critical analysis of the employment law of disabled individuals in the UK and what new policies can be integrated to increase its efficiency
  • A critical evaluation of racial discrimination laws in developed countries and how it impacts the workplace environment
  • A comparative analysis of domestic abuse with the legislation, policy, and domestic abuse guidelines between the UK and USA.
  • Analysing the negative impact of technology in protecting the intellectual property rights of corporations.
  • A critical assessment of the terrorism act of 2010 and its impact on Muslims living around the Globe.

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As a law dissertation student looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing law dissertation theories – i.e., to add value and interest in the topic of your research.

The field of law dissertation is vast and interrelated to many other academic disciplines like civil engineering ,  construction ,  project management , engineering management , healthcare , mental health , artificial intelligence , tourism , physiotherapy , sociology , management , project management , and nursing . That is why it is imperative to create a project management dissertation topic that is articular, sound, and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic based on your fundamental research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your case wrong; your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, and there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation as you may end up in the cycle of rejection at the initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

While developing a research topic, keeping our advice in mind will allow you to pick one of the best law dissertation topics that fulfill your requirement of writing a research paper and add to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalising your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please look at some of our sample law dissertation topics to get an idea for your dissertation.

How to Structure your Law Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

  • A Title Page
  • Acknowledgements
  • Declaration
  • Abstract: A summary of the research completed
  • Table of Contents
  • Introduction : This chapter includes project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
  • Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature available on the chosen research topic to address research questions . The purpose is to highlight and discuss the selected research area’s relative weaknesses and strengths while identifying any research gaps. Break down the topic, and binding terms can positively impact your dissertation and your tutor.
  • Methodology : The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter which usually includes research design , research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods and data analysis strategy .
  • Findings and Analysis : Findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs, charts and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
  • Discussion and Conclusion : The researcher presents his interpretation of the results in this chapter, and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section is establishing the link between the products and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regards to implications of the findings and directions for future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
  • References : Make sure to complete this by your University’s requirements
  • Bibliography
  • Appendices : Any additional information, diagrams, and graphs used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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Stanford Law School's Theses and Dissertations Collection

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This collection contains Stanford Law School Students’ theses and dissertations written to fulfill the academic requirements for advanced degrees.   Historically, the collection of Theses and Dissertations were produced as part of the requirement coursework for receiving a Master of Laws (1933-1969), a Juris Doctor (1906-1932), or a Doctor of Jurisprudence.  

Currently, works received from students are produced under two different graduate programs.  Thesis are works were produced as part of the requirement for the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies (SPILS). SPILS was established in 1995 by Professors Lawrence Friedman and Thomas C. Heller, to educate international students, lawyers, judges, public officials, and other professionals trained in the study of law outside the United States.  Students in the SPILS Program are required to do interdisciplinary research that affects the global community.  The culmination of this program is a research project that each individual student develops over the course of the year under a faculty advisor, after which the earns a Master of the Science of Law degree.  The research project must demonstrate the student's ability to employ empirical methods of investigation and must addresses issues in the international community or within a specific country.  These can cover a large range of topics that analyze legal cultures, legal reforms, or public policy.  

Dissertations are produced under Doctor of Science of Law program or JSD.  The JSD program as we know it was revised for the Doctor of Jurisprudence in 1969 is designed for students who are interested in pursuing an academic career. Doctor of Science of Law Students are selected from the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies and those who have a postgraduate degree in Legal Studies.

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Law Dissertation Topics

Completing a dissertation can be a daunting task for any student. However, this is especially true for law students. Any issue that is tackled in a law dissertation should be framed carefully. To successfully complete a law dissertation, it is absolutely imperative to locate relevant primary sources in the form of statutory instruments and case law decisions in particular where relevant, either in print or online, to carefully scrutinise the issue that is set out to be considered in a law dissertation. There is also typically a need to supplement the primary sources that are used in the writing of your law dissertation with reputable secondary materials, such as government and organizational documentation, along with the views of scholars, to contextualize the arguments that the work completed raises.

These kinds of issues can make it very difficult to know where to begin when it comes to writing an effective law dissertation. Therefore, it is in most students’ best interests to seek reliable and knowledgeable assistance regarding what kinds of titles for law dissertations will offer the best chances to achieve the highest grades possible. Consequently, this article proposes some law dissertation topics in some of the key areas of law that both undergraduate and postgraduate students look to when writing this kind of study in the form of criminal law, commercial law, company law, tort law, employment law, EU law, intellectual property, constitutional law, administrative law, and family law.

Criminal Law Dissertation Topics

Commercial law dissertation topics, company law dissertation topics, tort law dissertation topics, employment law dissertation topics, eu law dissertation topics, intellectual property dissertation topics, the english legal system and constitutional and administrative law dissertation topics.

  • Family Law Dissertation Topics

Criminal law covers a wide range of areas and is an interesting and often topical area, since it can take on a national, regional, or even international vent. It can be difficult to grasp some of the principles and subject areas and topics should be chosen very carefully. To help you to focus your law dissertation, here are some suggestions for topics that you should consider in the area of criminal law.

  • A critical examination of the need to reform homicide offences in England and Wales in view of the Law Commission’s proposals in this regard.
  • An investigation into the ‘war on terror’s’ impact upon on the construction and enforcement of international criminal law.
  • An analysis of the Sexual Offences Act 2003’s ability to determine consent regarding the offence of rape.
  • A critical evaluation of how complaints regarding the completion of investigations and the assessment of evidence are dealt with in the criminal justice system in England and Wales.
  • A critical discussion of the threat of criminal gangs’ activities impact upon public order and state interests in England and Wales.
  • An examination of the partial defences of diminished responsibility and loss of control’s sufficiency for defending against a murder charge in England and Wales.
  • An investigation of problems with identifying the nature, extent and distribution of crime.
  • A critical discussion of the law’s construction regarding both omissions’ liability and ‘Bad Samaritans’.
  • A theoretical assessment of criminal theory regarding the intersection between crime, criminality, and morality.
  • An assessment of the ability of the criminal law in England and Wales to deal with new manifestations of criminality and the rise and prevalence of acid attacks in particular.
  • An evaluation of the offence of joint enterprise criminality in England and Wales to determine whether there is a need for reform.
  • An assessment of the need to protect the anonymity of those accused of sexual offences based upon the need to balance the recognition of defendants and victim rights in England and Wales.

Commercial law is often described as covering a wide area of study because it cannot really be dealt with in isolation within a single legal jurisdiction. Frequently, a commercial law dissertation will involve some kind of comparison with other countries. That said, there is a lot of focus on the jurisdiction of England and Wales as the commercial centre of choice, especially in relation to the matter of arbitration as a means of dispute resolution. With this in mind, some suggestions for commercial law topics are set out below.

  • A discussion regarding the ability of commercial law to support commercial transactions in England and Wales with a view to determining the need for reform.
  • Is the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) better suited to international contracts than the law related to the sale of goods in England and Wales?
  • A critical assessment of the international commercial arbitration system as a cost effective and efficient means to administer justice in commercial disputes.
  • A comparative analysis of the recognition of the principles of commercial contracts in England and Wales and the approach taken in the European Union after Brexit.
  • An evaluation of the Lex Mercatoria in England and Wales as an appropriate choice of law for commercial arbitration proceedings.
  • An assessment of security over personal property when it comes to the matter of possessory and non-possessory forms of security and other legal devices.
  • An investigation of the emergence of new manifestations of international commercial law.
  • A critical discussion of the creation of a tripartite financial system in England and Wales and its role, if any, in the credit crunch.
  • An evaluation of European Union Sale of Goods law’s place in the law of England and Wales since the completion of Brexit.
  • A critical assessment of the passing of risk in the commercial law in England and Wales.
  • A legal assessment of the role of commercial law in sustaining public private partnerships based upon what happened with the Carillion Collapse.
  • An investigation of the sufficiency of England and Wales’ insolvency laws for dealing with instances of insolvency.
  • A critical assessment of the future of consumer protection in England and Wales in the post Brexit era.

There are numerous areas of interest in company law for producing an effective dissertation. Topics can include the Companies Act 2006’s effectiveness, incorporation’s benefits, limited liability, lifting the veil of incorporation, the raising of capital, and shareholder dividends payment. In addition, acquisitions, mergers and takeovers as well as aspects of insolvency, including administration, winding up and the emergence of rescue culture could prove fantastic topics for producing successful dissertations. Therefore, if you are interested in an area company law as a subject for your law dissertation, a number of potential topics are listed below:

  • A critical examination of the shareholder versus stakeholder basis of corporate governance.
  • An investigation of the importance of the non-executive director in the respective corporate legal systems of England and Wales and the United States of America.
  • An exploration of the transplantation of corporate legal regimes: does it promote better corporate governance?
  • The protection of minority shareholders’ rights based upon remedies of unfair prejudice and the basis for bringing proceedings under the Companies Act 2006 and the case law of England and Wales.
  • What are the arguments for and against ‘stakeholder theory’ and to what extent are they still valid?
  • A critical study of the legal and governance restraints on excessive executive director remuneration from the perspective of corporate governance in England and Wales and the United States of America.
  • A critical assessment of the law on corporate manslaughter from victims’ families’ perspective.
  • As assessment of the ability of Insolvency law in England and Wales to promote and deliver corporate rescues.
  • A critical analysis of the regulation of public companies in England and Wales when compared to the United States of America.
  • An assessment of the need for company law’s reform regarding directors’ duties in the wake of the Carillion Collapse.
  • An assessment of the need for the reform of mergers and acquisition law in England and Wales to enhance stakeholders’ understanding to support the achievement of long-term economic stability.
  • The need to reform the taxation rules of England and Wales and the United States of America to ensure multinational organisations pay their fair share of tax.

Tort law effectively defines what is considered a legal injury. This area of law is important because it establishes the circumstances whereby an individual may be held liable for another party’s injury due to either intentional acts or omissions or even accidents. Tort law is potentially a wide area of study for a law dissertation since includes areas as diverse as different forms of negligence and trespass to both land and the person. Therefore, in view of Tort law’s complex nature, here are some suggestions to help you formulate an effective law dissertation for you to complete:

  • A critical assessment of the importance of foreseeability and policy in establishing a duty of care.
  • A critical analysis of the rules regarding the recovery of economic losses in tortious actions.
  • To what extent is it true to say that there is still a growing compensation culture in the jurisdiction of England and Wales when compared to the position in the United States of America?
  • Where does the decision of the House of Lords in Gregg v Scott leave the loss of a chance in England and Wales?
  • To what extent is the rule in Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee still the standard for assessing the notion of reasonable care in professional negligence cases?
  • When it comes to matter of occupiers’ liability under the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984 respectively, when is a trespasser not a trespasser?
  • An investigation of the jurisprudence of England and Wales that serves to limit what may be recovered where some form of psychiatric harm is proved.
  • The impact of the House of Lords’ decision in Chester v Afshar on the law of Informed Consent when it comes to instances of medical negligence.
  • Why might the duty of care afforded to children be considered to be a step too far regarding the recognition of tortious liability?
  • An investigation of the need to account for policy considerations in tortious claims.
  • An assessment of the need for reform of the rules to determine causation in the event of their being multiple and consecutive causes of the claimant’s loss.
  • A critical discussion regarding the need to reform the law on nuisance in England and Wales.
  • An exploration of the need to reform the rules to establish a duty of care regarding the tortious liable to public body defendants in cases of negligence.

Where someone elects to write their law dissertation in relation to some aspect of Employment law, the focus typically seems to be on some aspect of unfair dismissal. Topics that are directly involved typically include unfair dismissal at common law, unfair dismissal under the Employment Rights Act 1996, and exclusions from unfair dismissal. In addition, employment law dissertations will also often consider the common law termination of a contract, the acquiring of employment rights, including analysing the calculation of continuous employment and interruptions in work, and, finally, the effectiveness of employment tribunals. Consequently, to impress an examiner with a law dissertation in employment law, there is a need to recognize that there are a lot of other interesting areas of study to consider, like the examples that are set out below:

  • A critical review of the approach to discrimination under the law of England and Wales.
  • An analysis of the extent to which a claim for wrongful dismissal provides more effective redress than a claim for unfair dismissal.
  • A comparative and critical review of the law related to the position of disabled people in positions of employment in England and Wales and the United States of America respectively.
  • A critical evaluation of the key legal aspects of the employee and employer relationship.
  • How does the legal position of casual and agency workers in England and Wales compare with the European Union?
  • What are the key legal issues associated with the use of Contracts of Employment in England and Wales in view of the increasing prevalence of’ zero hours’ contracts?
  • An evaluation of the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 to determine the extent to which it still protects the rights of employees.
  • To what extent is there still a role for trade unions to play in the application of principles of employment law in England and Wales when compared with the position in the United States of America?
  • How could the reference of disputes to Employment Tribunals be reformed to improve the position of employees and employers respectively?
  • Critically analyse the role of indirect discrimination in discrimination law in the context of the employment relationship.
  • How will employment law in England and Wales be impacted upon by Brexit?
  • A critical analysis of whether the circumstances for when a contractor becomes an employee still effectively apply to the modern understanding of employment relationships.
  • What does the recent decision in Uber BV v Aslam mean for the future development of employment law in England and Wales?

The law of the EU has been recognised as an ever-expanding area with a considerable amount of academic interest, especially in view of the UK’s recent Brexit from the Union. To illustrate, a growing interest has developed regarding the effect that EU law will continue to have upon the UK constitution. This is because there has not only been some considerable overlap between EU law and both the constitutional and administrative law of England and Wale, but also due to the fact that EU law has served to impact virtually every area of life in the UK. Consequently, as the examples of potential law dissertation titles set out below serve to illustrate, there is plenty of scope for an effective law dissertation:

  • Critically assess the freedom of movement recognised under EU law and their impact upon the development of England and Wales’s law prior to Brexit: will this freedom still have a role to play in England and Wales in the future?
  • In view of the direct effect of EU law and the recognition of state liability in individual Member States, is there a need for an EU Constitution?
  • How important are enforcement actions against EU Member States as part of the European law-making process?
  • Is integration in the EU best explained by the concept of Federalism or Neo-Functionalism and to what extent has the law enacted and implemented to date achieved this?
  • What are the most significant tensions between social policy and trade in the EU and what efforts have been undertaken to resolve them to date?
  • How has the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 contributed to the recognition of human rights internationally?
  • To what extent does the EU regulation of transport overlap with the regulation of state aid in the EU?
  • How have Articles 101(1) and (3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union improved international trade and competition within the EC?
  • What affect will the law of the European Union have upon the recognition of Parliamentary Sovereignty in the UK in the wake of Brexit?
  • What are the key aspects of the law of the EU that the UK should look to retain in the wake of Brexit?
  • Why is it important for the rights of citizens from EU Member States to be recognised in the UK once Brexit has been completed?
  • What impact will the UK’s Brexit serve to have upon the ongoing development of the law of the EU in its remaining Member States?

The law as it relates to intellectual property covers the creation, use and protection of trademarks, patents and copyright, together with other ancillary rights. In view of the array of intellectual property rights that it is possible for a given author to protect, there are clearly many topics that you could choose from for the completion of your law dissertation. As you can see from the examples that are presented below, there are a number of interesting areas that you could cover related to the recognition and/or the application of different intellectual property rights within the jurisdiction of England and Wales, the EU or even on a more global basis.

  • Critically evaluate the recognition of intellectual property rights impact upon economic relations between Member States within the EU.
  • To what extent are intellectual property rights effectively protected on the Internet in the jurisdiction of England and Wales?
  • How may it be said that passing-off in the context of trademark law is insufficient for providing protection for authors of creative works within the EU?
  • Analyse whether a right of confidence has been created in the jurisdiction of England and Wales that is effective for protecting an individual’s intellectual property rights.
  • Can the current, overly stringent patent system still be an incentive for innovation in the UK since Brexit from the EU was completed?
  • Does the copyright law of England and Wales provide a more effective balance between the needs of intellectual property rights holders and users than under the law of the United States of America?
  • Does the Fair Use principle provide an effective exemption to the application of England and Wales’ copyright law when compared to the position in the United States of America?
  • How will European law serve to impact upon the recognition of intellectual property rights in the UK now that Brexit has been completed?
  • Which of the legal systems of England and Wales, the EU, or the United States of America most effectively protect intellectual property rights holders against peer-to-peer file sharing? Why?
  • To what extent are indigenous people’s rights to intellectual property more effectively protected in the EU than in the United States of America?
  • What more could be done at a global level to improve the law to provide those people from less developed countries, particularly in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, with greater protection of their intellectual property right?
  • Is there a need for intellectual property to be recognised in social media posts? Why?

Essentially, the topic of the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law may be divided into three key areas. First, the nature of the constitution may be considered in areas including, but not limited to, the recognition and application conventions and the rule of law. Second, it is necessary to evaluate the roles of the legislature, executive and parliament in the context of the recognition of the separation of powers, which could include legislation’s passage through Parliament, the delegation of legislation, the relationship between Parliament, the crown and the Royal Prerogative, and the executive, legislative and judiciary’s relationship. Finally, Judicial Review is another significant area of interest that could include the basis for intervention, such as ultra vires and illegality, procedural irregularity, irrationality, proportionality, and the nemo judex rule. Therefore, as the examples of potential law dissertation topics set out below show with regard to the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law, there are clearly a number of interesting areas that could be covered.

  • Why should England and Wales’ legal system be fused so that there is one legal profession rather than solicitors and barristers?
  • To what extent do the different conceptualisations of Parliamentary Sovereignty affect the relationship between the courts and Parliament in England and Wales?
  • Taken as a whole, does the UK need a single constitution for Northern Ireland, Scotland and England and Wales to adhere to?
  • How has the recent introduction of the Criminal Cases Review Commission improved the position regarding miscarriages of justice in England and Wales?
  • How could the system of Judicial Review in England and Wales be reformed to improve its application?
  • Critically analyse the extent to which the view that the legitimacy of the law is based upon its effectiveness is agreeable within England and Wales’ jurisdiction.
  • Are select committees a useful and helpful check on government activities?
  • What role does natural justice play in the UK Constitution?
  • Are conventions still a valid part of the UK Constitution?
  • Why does the UK’s Brexit from the EU have to mean the end of the recognition of Parliamentary Sovereignty?
  • How will Brexit serve to impact upon the development of England and Wales’ legal system as a means of regulating the activities of national and local government, as well as interrelated public bodies?
  • In what ways will the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in England and Wales be affected by Brexit?

 Family Law Dissertation Topics

Family Law is considered to cover a wide range of topics regarding the family and marriage, including moves to harmonise married and unmarried couples position, the influence of the Human Rights Act 1998, nullity, void and voidable marriages, the effects of a decree, statutory rights relating to marriage, the registration of marriages, and the case for reform. Other topics that may be of interest include the Child Support Act 1991, financial orders for children, the enforcement of financial obligations to a child or children, the award of maintenance and the enforcement maintenance payments arrears and the enforcement of financial obligations in the Magistrates court. With this in mind, as the examples of potential law dissertation topics set out below show with regard to the subject of Family Law, there are clearly a number of interesting areas that could be covered in a law dissertation.

  • Following the Government’s current research on domestic violence, consider whether and how the law related to spousal abuse needs to be reformed in England and Wales to provide greater protection for the victims.
  • What was the purpose behind the Civil Partnership Act 2004’s enactment and to what extent has it been effectively interpreted and applied by the courts to fulfill the aforementioned purpose?
  • To what extent are the social and legal foundations of marriage, civil partnerships and parenting now considered to be effectively interrelated in England and Wales so as to account for the modern concept of the family and all its connotations?
  • Is the “Best Interest” test outdated when it comes to applying the current law to dealing with children’s particular circumstances in the jurisdiction of England and Wales?
  • Have the amendments to the Child Support Act 1991 under the Child Maintenance and Other Payments Act 2008 improved the position regarding child maintenance? If not, why not?
  • Critically analyse the development of the law related to divorce. Is it a product of the increased divorce rate in England and Wales or has it caused it?
  • Critically analyse the role of the local authority in achieving the effective provision of child welfare.
  • To what extent is it true to say that married women’s rights in property are still not effectively recognised within the jurisdiction of England and Wales?
  • Discuss whether and how the role of various available orders (i.e. contact, prohibited steps orders) serve to further the recognition of the paramountcy principle regarding children under the provisions of the Children Act 1989.
  • Family law – Is it time for reform?
  • To what extent are the rights of children currently effectively protected under the law of England and Wales?
  • How could the recognition of the right to a family life under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998 be improved upon in England and Wales?
  • What could be done with the law as it relates to adoption to effectively reform it in the best interests of all potential stakeholders in England and Wales?

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Outstanding Law Thesis Topics for Law Students

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At some point, every law student in the UK and US universities is required to write a thesis or dissertation. In many cases, it is the last hurdle before graduating from a law graduate school. This requirement evokes excitement and horror in equal measures. On the one hand, it is a unique opportunity to interrogate an area of interest academically, but on the other end, it is a monumental responsibility. Therefore, where do you even start? The answer is the ‘topic.’

Because a dissertation is a long piece of writing, the topic you select is very crucial. It will determine how easy or difficult the journey of writing your thesis will be. But how do you even come up with great legal topics to write about?

The first step to picking great law thesis topics is narrowing to areas of interest. In this post, we are going to help you cut to the chase by outlining outstanding legal thesis topics that you can use today. Do not just settle for any topic, go for the best!

Why Scholars Should Choose the Best Law Dissertation Topics

The law thesis topic you select can make or break your dream career. Therefore, no effort should be spared in getting a good topic and crafting a thesis that will catapult you to the next level of your career. Here are some benefits of identifying and working with the best law dissertation topic.

  • A great thesis topic allows you to explore the areas that are lacking in the legal profession. Well, you have the opportunity to fill the gap and make a name for yourself.
  • A good dissertation topic offers you the opportunity to work on an area of interest. Unlike other areas of your study, this is the only opportunity where you have the freedom to choose. Therefore, select what you associate with and fancy more.
  • The topic you select will determine how easy or hard it will be to prepare your thesis. With this in mind, you should go for interesting law topics that have enough resources. If you select the topics with no resources, there is a risk of getting stuck at some point.
  • Interesting legal topics to write about also make it easy to defend the thesis. When selecting the topic, it is important to understand that at the end of it, you will be required to defend the thesis. You should only go for the topic that you can easily defend and grab that degree, masters, or PhD accreditation that you have been yearning for years.

Now that you know why you should only go for the best topics, we are going to list the best topics that you should consider in legal studies.

Criminal Law Thesis Topics

Criminal law is an area of legal study and practice that defines what constitutes crime and prosecution of those who commit such crimes. Crime is considered an act or omission of an action that violates a law that forbids or commands it.

As you select legal topics for research papers or a thesis in criminal law, it is important to appreciate that the branch of law is broken into two main categories – misdemeanor and felony. Misdemeanors are crimes considered of low level, and that attracts penalties of less than one-year jail-term. On the other hand, a felony is a more serious crime. Felonies include crimes such as robbery with violence, murder, dealing with drugs, and manslaughter. Here are some great dissertation topics in criminal law.

  • A comprehensive evaluation of male and female rape legislations: What are the key differences?
  • Analyzing the use of lie detectors in criminal justice: How effective are the lie detectors?
  • Evaluating the misuse of manslaughter laws in the US: What are the best ways to protect victims?
  • Evaluating crime-related factors that should not be presented in a court of law.
  • What are the best ways to protect witnesses from retaliation in criminal cases?
  • A deeper look at the history of the death penalty.
  • A thematic review of criminal theory: Exploring the link between crime and morality.
  • An investigation into the challenges of identifying nature and distribution of crime: A case study of London.
  • Use of anonymity in sexual offences lawsuits: How to strike a balance between the rights of defendants and victims.
  • What are the implications of the war on terror on the enforcement of criminal law: A case study of the US.
  • Evaluating cases of racial prejudice among the prisoners in the US.
  • Analyzing the relationship between Islamic criminal law and human rights.

International Law Research Topics

International law is a comprehensive body of norms, standards, and rules that are used between legally recognized international states. The term was first used between 1748 and 1832 by Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher. It is an interesting area to derive international business law topics because you are able to look at and deal with real problems that face the globe and individual states today.

You can focus your study on things such as war, peace, diplomacy, and economic trade issues. When selecting dissertation topics in international law, it is prudent to appreciate that the discipline has been greatly influenced by ethical principles, especially in the realms of human rights. Here are some great international law topics that you should consider:

  • Assessing the challenges faced by different parties when applying the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).
  • Evaluating the future of consumer protection in the post-Brexit era.
  • Assessing history and future possibilities of the US and UK military cooperation in addressing terror.
  • Evaluating situations in law when a country is allowed by international law to intervene in the affairs of other countries.
  • Comparing gaps in human rights law: A closer look at the UK.
  • Did the US involvement in Iraq provide justice or violate the law?
  • What are the problems of enforcing international law in developing countries? A case study of South Africa and India.
  • Evaluating the efficiency of International Tribunals in solving war crimes.
  • Rethinking the principles used to formulate international criminal laws.
  • Assessing the relationship between public safety and civil liberties in international laws.
  • Digital and internet legislation: Forecasting the future.
  • International Human Rights Court Hearings: Evaluating the importance of precedence.

Legal Dissertation Topics in Family Law

If you have an interest in legal relationships at the family level, it is advisable to look for dissertation topics in family law. Family law is an area of legal practice that focuses on matters surrounding family relationships. By picking a thesis topic in family law, you will be honing your skills in dealing with issues such as divorce, adoption, and child custody.

Note that according to family law, individual states have their rights to determine the requirements for marriage, including things such as age, legal capacity, and procedures of different things such as marriage and divorce. Therefore, there are very many areas you can focus your dissertation on. Here are some great thesis topics to consider in family law:

  • Reviewing the major changes of family law in the last 50 years: A case study of the UK.
  • Assessing human rights in states that follow religious laws for families: A case study of India.
  • Analyzing the impact of culture on family lawsuits: A case study of Manchester, UK.
  • Domestic violence: Evaluating the repercussions for males vs. females.
  • Making decisions in divorce cases: Establishing to what extent the child’s desire to stay with one party should influence the decisions made by the courts.
  • Evaluating the impacts of the law on divorce: Has it increased the cases of divorce or reduced them?
  • What are the legal implications of child neglect in the US: A systematic review of literature
  • Evaluating the compatibility of child justice with family justice: A case study of the UK.
  • Assessing the factors that hinder couples from pursuing a divorce.
  • Is it time to reform US family law?
  • Analyzing the legal foundations of parenting and civil partnerships.

Employment Law Dissertation Topics

Employment law is another broad area of legal practice that focuses on employer-employee relationships. If a business has several employees (more than one), it is likely to apply employment law in one area or another. This legal niche comprises of both federal and state laws, and further hinges other subjects such as workers’ rights. This means that if you target employment law for your dissertation, there is a very wide area to pick the topic of choice.

In employment law, it is not simply about understanding which law to apply. In addition, you need to know when a specific law covers a subject, and at what point to seek help from an attorney. Some of the areas that you can base your employment law dissertation include workers’ compensation, labor relations, immigration, social security, wrongful termination, minimum wage, employee benefits, and employment discrimination. To help you with the chase, here are the top employment law dissertation topics that you should consider:

  • The convergence of employment laws and religion in the USA: A literature review.
  • Comparing the UK laws before and after exiting the European Union.
  • Analyzing the impact of trade unions and their work in the UK: What are their successes and challenges?
  • A comparative analysis of employment laws application in the automotive industry in the US and UK.
  • Are you secure in your job: A comprehensive review of employment contracts and job contracts in the US manufacturing industry.
  • Reviewing international firms’ law application and enforcement issues: A case study of Barclays Bank and Southwest Airlines.
  • Reviewing legal perspectives of social work employment: A case study of California, USA.
  • Employee dismissal: Comparing the legal basis for staff dismissal in the US and EU.
  • Equal employment opportunities: Comparing gender differences in the UK and US regulations.
  • Evaluating the efficiency of workplace sexual harassment: A case study of the US and UK.
  • A legal viewpoint of employee mobility between European Union countries.
  • A critical evaluation of the employment law of disabled individuals in the US. What policies should be integrated to enhance its efficiency?

Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Commercial law is another broad area of legal practice that deals with laws related to persons, businesses, and merchants engaging in sales, trade, and commerce. In some cases, it is also referred to as commercial law. Indeed, it interacts with other areas including real estate, environmental regulation, and safety laws.

To pick a good commercial law dissertation topic, it is important to understand the common issues in the niche. Notably, commercial laws are associated with distinct issues relating to transactions between businesses as well as with their clients. The most notable is the breach of contract by one or both parties. Other issues you can focus on when selecting the commercial law topic include:

  • Issues related to unfair competition.
  • Disputes and violations related to advertising and marketing.
  • Complexities associated with starting new businesses.
  • Consumer complaints about businesses and business practices.
  • Trade secrets.

When an issue in commercial law is raised, it is resolved depending on the nature of the conflict, or type of violation. The following are some great commercial legal thesis topics you should consider:

  • Evaluating the effectiveness of commercial law to support commercial transactions in the US.
  • Reviewing the US commercial laws: What should be changed or added?
  • Assessing the effectiveness of international commercial law programs in UK universities.
  • Reviewing the implications of international commercial law in UK commercial laws.
  • Reviewing the use of international commercial law in the energy projects across the globe.
  • Evaluating the commercial laws that should be used against dishonest managers.
  • A closer look at commercial partnerships: What are the dangers and potential results?
  • Evaluating the regulations aimed at stopping corruption: A case study of the UK.
  • A comprehensive analysis of pre-incorporation contracts: How do they work?
  • A comprehensive evaluation of arbitration under commercial law: A closer look at policy practice in the UK.
  • Assessing the mediating role of corporate social responsibility in companies’ performance.

Intellectual Property Law Thesis topics

Intellectual property law is a branch of law that deals with rules for enforcing legal rights, artistic works, designs, and inventions. The same way law protects personal property, so does it protect the control of intangible assets. The aim of this law is benefiting inventors for their creative works.

In the US constitution, Article 1, Section 8 empowers Congress with authority to issue inventors and authors exclusive rights to their works. And, it is not just the US. The UK, Germany, and the EU, among other countries, also have strong statutes crafted to protect intellectual property.

As a student of law, there are diverse areas you can focus on when selecting a topic in intellectual property law. You can focus on copyright that protects people’s rights to their creative work, patents that grant legal rights to original inventions, or trademarks. Others include industrial design rights, trade dress, and plant variety rights. Here are some great intellectual property law dissertation topics that you should consider.

  • A comprehensive assessment of the economic impacts of intellectual property rights: A case study of the UK.
  • Evaluating the extent and effectiveness of indigenous people’s intellectual rights protection in the US.
  • Can the emerging technological advancements operate smoothly with the current intellectual property laws in the US?
  • Demystifying the relationship between intellectual property laws and EU regulations?
  • Evaluating laws for intellectual property rights protection on the internet.
  • A deeper look at the innovation and patent model in the UK: Can the current highly stringent system drive innovation?
  • Does the EU copyright law provide ample balance between the needs of inventors and users?
  • Evaluating the fair dealing in terms of copyright law: A case study of the US.
  • Comparing and contrasting the intellectual property regimes in the UK and US.
  • Is the EU intellectual property law safe and fair for users and owners?
  • How has EU law impacted the intellectual property regime in the UK?
  • What more needs to be done to improve the effectiveness of the current intellectual property laws in the US?
  • Evaluating the implications of Brexit on the protection of intellectual property rights in the UK.

Medical Law Dissertation Topics

Medical law is a branch of law that focuses on the responsibilities and rights of medical professionals and patients. Like other legal areas, medical law has different areas that a scholar can focus on. The common area you can focus your dissertation on is confidentiality. Confidentiality between medical experts and patients can be traced back to the English Common Law. But it has recently been codified so that any information provided to a doctor during diagnosis or treatment cannot be released without the patient’s consent or unless the patient demonstrates intention for personal harm.

The other area of interest that you can base your dissertation on is negligence. It can relate to professional malpractice in diagnosing or treating patients resulting in death or injury. But it is important to appreciate that other torts also cross into the medical law field. For example, a medical professional can defame a patient by disclosing the wrong info. Here are some great medical dissertation topics that you should consider.

  • Should judges, handling medical-related disputes, undergo special education to make their judgments fact-based?
  • Evaluating the laws governing organ transplantation: A case study of the US.
  • Abortion: At what point should an embryo be considered capable of having feelings, and abortion should be forbidden?
  • Forced sterilization: Who should be targeted, and how should it be implemented?
  • Evaluating medical complications in surgeries: What is the best way to decide the responsible party?
  • Exploring the legal aspects of electronic fetal monitoring.
  • How do ethics and medical law coexist?
  • How do lawsuits affect medical practitioners’ commitment to offering lifesaving treatments?
  • Law application in medicine: Exploring the antecedents and practice.
  • Evaluating the ethical and legal challenges of using biobanks.
  • Can a medical practitioner remain neutral when treating a mental disorder?
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of animal cruelty punishment methods: A case study of Oregon, USA.
  • Unregistered medical intervention in the UK: What are the legal implications?

After Selecting Great Topics … The Writing Journey Has Just Began!

Once you have selected the best legal dissertation topic, your dissertation writing journey has just begun. Therefore, how do you do it? You need to start by creating the right dissertation structure and work with your supervisor. Then, start early enough and work on the dissertation step after step until it is completed.

But we are not going to lie here: writing a dissertation is a huge task. Many are the times that people have written dissertations, only to be told that they are wrong. You do not want to follow that route. Do you?

The sure way to ensure you have the best dissertation is seeking thesis writing help . The writing help is affordable and is offered by expert writers. And, you know what? They have been writing dissertations for years and know the best structure for a winning piece.

NOTE: The dissertation is your last shot at getting a nod to graduate with a master’s or PhD degree. Therefore, make sure to get the right topic and craft the best dissertation with writing help from experts.

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Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students

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  • Updated on  
  • May 9, 2023

Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students-03 (1)

The last academic challenge before the completion of your postgraduate degree is a dissertation or thesis. Many students pursuing LLM are often confused while deciding the correct topic for the dissertation as it requires a lot of research. To help you with the dissertation this blog contains ideal law dissertation topics for LLM in India. Keep reading to know more!

How to Choose the Best Dissertation Topic

A lot of research and hard work is required to decide what is a correct and valuable topic for the dissertation or thesis. It is seen in various students that before graduation the dissertation is the last hurdle in the way. It is advised to pursue a topic after valuable research and most importantly that goes with the student’s interests.

Also Read: Dissertation Topics

Advantages of Choosing a Good Dissertation Topic

There are an array of benefits when you choose a good and valuable dissertation topic. These advantages include:

  • This helps you in the analysis of the topic and deep research.
  • Present you with a program to enhance your investigative skills.
  • In explaining your subject option, you should be prepared to show how your previous research experiences ended up with great knowledge. 
  • You can find a degree of education useful for postgraduate research.

Also Read: Law Entrance Exams: India & Abroad

Criminal Law Dissertation Topics

Criminal law is the body of law regulating crime and criminal activities in India. This proves to be an important topic and is interesting as well. Some of the criminal law dissertation topics are:

  • A Significant Study of Struggle against Girls in India
  • Case Debate on business trial in India
  • An Analysis on Terrorism and Lawlessness Against Infants in India
  • A survey on Legislation against private terrorism in India
  • Significant Evaluation Of Death Cost In India
  • An Analysis of Juvenile Justice System and Order in India
  • The appearance of the group is in the criminal law process
  • The Root Elements of the Infant Mergers
  • White-Collar Crime Law in India
  • Criminology and Criminal Justice

Also Read: How to Write a Dissertation?

International Law Dissertation Topics

International law dissertation is another amazing topic where you can add your relevant thoughts. Some of the unique international law dissertation topics are:

  • What are the significant aspects of collective civil obligations in now’s global order?
  • What are the causes that cause application of foreign order at the state standard also complex?
  • Figure out the very important issues encountered by establishing universal rules.
  • What are the effects of accelerated market restraints on people? Can such a thing be explained?
  • What are global challenges encountered by international businessmen, when installing service projects in third group societies?
  • What are the effects of letting offenders continue to their native land for action?
  • How seeing abuse as a foreign war case will change the position of African people?
  • What are the important challenges encountered by companies that are coming in the global travel industry from the ocean.
  • What universal rules regulate copy? How should this case be corrected?
  • Which governmental law of the UK is sufficiently sufficient to be carried out universally?

Also Read: What is a Dissertation? Meaning, Projects, Report Work

Family Law Dissertation Topics

Some of the most important and unique family law dissertation topics are:

  • Separation case for father and female representatives of the group, makes it favour any particular gender or is it merely a sense
  • Matrimonial Act and how it affects women who join without their permission. What is the attitude of decisions about made mergers and how can one explain it in the court of decision
  • Residential part by stepmothers and offspring, how goes on the case provide everybody has their got right and place
  • Youth insurance problems in the unified kingdom, which of the state shows to have very trouble with such arguments and why is it so
  • Adolescent abuse-is it important to discipline your children and youths? What is the perimeter between youth abuse and correcting your children for setting their limits
  • Internal disorder and its effect on the boy and female representatives personally, which of them picks up a greater claim in the mind of order and how can we get rid of that biasness
  • Protection problems for separated mothers, how goes on it go and what goes on the statute have to do about the protection of the child for each mother
  • How looks at the proper form thing if a man is incapable to provide and provide his house owing to lack or scarcity of means
  • Long-distance communications and their fair significance cut off from the spiritual and artistic attitudes
  • Minor job- what are we looking at to abolish it and how goes on our constitutional process set limits and provide that they are found

Employment Law Dissertation Topics

Employment law dissertation enables you to craft perfect research on your thesis or dissertation. Some of the employment law dissertation topics are:

  • The link between trade and morality in the UK. An academic context.
  • A study of the relationship between sports departments and their service contracts.
  • The effect of variation in the business decisions of the UK after starting the EU.
  • The task of infant employment regulations in the UK. How does the judiciary remain fighting developing youth employment?
  • The influence of civil responsibility service in UK regulations.
  • A study of the market association in the UK study of the business requirements and principles.
  • A provisional review of business decisions in the station waggon part of the UK and EU. Who gets the first job benefit and rights insurance systems?
  • An in-depth study of justice fees in the validities of UK legislation.

International Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Some of the international commercial law dissertations you can choose from are:

  • An assessment of the enemy-pollution bill in the UK. Its origins and effects on the state leaders.
  • A strategic study of the joint cloak and how the decision can pass through it.
  • The performance of UK legislation in affecting joint difficulties while preserving major human rights.
  • A symposium on the differences enveloping the purview of field 33 groups do 2006 in the UK
  • The effects of setting reasonable requirements for the principal’s needs. How does the organisation do well under this?
  • An in-depth assessment of economic regulation programs at attending institutions in the UK.
  • The effect of UNCITRAL’s performance on the unification of universal economic legislation in the UK.

Also Read: How to Write Acknowledgement for Dissertation?

Law Dissertation topics India

Some of the Indian legal topics you can choose for your dissertation are:

  • Handgun Case in India: Provision of a Different Structure
  •  Animal investigation: Order in India
  • Wire advertising and constitutional structure
  •  Joint Civil Power and change
  • Moral Orders and Cases in producing societies
  • Men Investigations and Indian constitutional practice
  •  Improvement of infants and proper conflict

Intellectual Property Law Topics in Dissertation

Some of the catchy and interesting dissertation topics that you can choose as a dissertation topic for law assignment:

  • Scientific advances and present IP rule in India
  • IP rules and the safety of/on Internet
  •  New patent statutes and digitalisation

Also Read: University of Law: Eligibility, Application, Courses & More

Constitutional Law Topics in Dissertation

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are:

  • Accident plans in India: A study
  • Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment
  • Application of International Cases in Indian Legal Structure
  • Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

Also Read: Dissertation vs Thesis

Sports Law Topics in Dissertation

A constantly fascinating subject, sports provides a large range of fields and issues to judge from to create your analysis report. It can deal with universal order, national order, carrying out parties, power, and often better.

Here are some of the finest dissertation (thesis)points on Sports law:

  • Doping and Sports: National and International fair innuendo
  • Legalisation of speculating in India: Law and Cons
  • Handling sports organisations and their constitutional ramifications
  • Transgender animals and Indian Custom

Medical Law Topics in Dissertation

Medical law dissertation is another great topic you can choose from, some of the medical law dissertation topics are:

  • Member retention: Fair experts and cons
  • Miscarriage in India: A global review
  • Made fertilisation: Provision of primary training to find out these matters
  • Supported suicide: Fair, honest and therapeutic ethics
  • Animal torture: A fair claim research

Also Read: Law Courses

Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Commercial Law is one such topic where a wide area of study is to be covered because it cannot be described within a single legal jurisdiction. A commercial law dissertation often involves comparisons with other countries. Listed below are some topics for Commercial Law Dissertation:

  • A critical assessment of the international commercial arbitration system as a cost-effective and efficient means to administer justice in commercial disputes
  • An assessment of security over personal property when it comes to the matter of possessory and non-possessory forms of security and other legal devices
  • An investigation of the emergence of new manifestations of international commercial law
  • A critical assessment of the passing of risk in the commercial law in England and Wales
  • A critical assessment of the Future of consumer protection in England and Wales in the post-Brexit era

Company Law Dissertation Topics

There is a great scope of producing an effective Company Law Dissertation as it provides you with potential sources. From the Companies Act 2006 to corporate governance, you have a lot of options to choose from. Listed below are some great Company Law Dissertation Topics:

  • A critical analysis of the shareholder versus stakeholder basis of corporate governance
  • Arguments for and against ‘stakeholder theory’ and to what extent are they still valid?
  • Should the OECD’s Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2010 be ratified into UK Law?
  • To what extent has Environmental Law merged together Vicarious and Corporate Liability
  • Is the English maintenance of the “internal management” model failing to bring company law in the 21st Century?

Tort Law Dissertation Topics

The word Tort comes from the Latin term torture which means “Wrong”. In simple terms, Tort Law is supposed to address the civil wrongs done to a person, accidentally or incidentally. The victim/injured/aggrieved party is provided with compensation for the damages.

This area of law is one of the most important aspects of law study as it demonstrates the circumstances through which an individual is held accountable for another party’s injury either done intentionally or omissions or even by accident. Listed below are some topics for a Tort Law Dissertation to make it easier for you to draft an effective dissertation:

  • Importance of foreseeability and policy in establishing a duty of care
  • Analysis of the rules regarding the recovery of economic losses in tortious actions
  • When it comes to matters of occupiers’ liability under the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984 respectively, when is a trespasser, not a trespasser?
  • Wrongful Restraint of a man’s Liberty: Meaning, Defense and Remedy
  • Why might the duty of care afforded to children be considered to be a step too far regarding the recognition of tortious liability?

Also Read: All About PhD Thesis

EU Law Dissertation Topics

EU Law is considered as an expandable area of academic interest, particularly due to the UK’s recent Brexit from the Union. There is a wide range of dissertation topics you can consider for an EU Law Dissertation, from UK’s Brexit to the superiority of EU Law. Listed below are some great dissertation topics to start with your EU Law Dissertation:

  • Critical Analysis of the UK’s Separation from the EU.
  • Brexit and EU economy: How the UK’s decision has affected EU trade.
  • An argument: Is EU Law actually superior?
  • Importance of the enforcement actions against EU Member States as part of the European law-making process.
  • How has the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 contributed to the recognition of human rights internationally?

The English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law Dissertation Topics

The English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law may be classified into 3 key areas-

  • The nature of the Constitution may be considered in areas including, but not limited to, the recognition and application of conventions and the rule of law. 
  • Evaluation of the roles of the legislature, executive and parliament in the context of the recognition of the separation of powers, which could include legislation’s passage through Parliament, the delegation of legislation, the relationship between Parliament, the crown and the Royal Prerogative, and the executive, legislative and judiciary’s relationship.
  • Judicial Review includes the basis for intervention, such as ultra vires and illegality, procedural irregularity, irrationality, proportionality, and the nemo judex rule.

A number of areas can be covered in this dissertation as the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law is quite different from other legal systems as the role of the judge differs in an adversarial system. The major difference is in how a trial is pursued. Some topics for an English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law Dissertation are as mentioned below:

  • The Role of natural justice  in the UK Constitution
  • Are conventions still a valid part of the UK Constitution?
  • Is the Royal Prerogative an essential part of the British Constitution?
  • Are the current models of statutory interpretation fit for purpose, especially as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) infer a more active approach for judges?
  • In what ways will the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in England and Wales be affected by Brexit?

The following are the popular law universities in the world: Harvard University Columbia University Stanford University

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are: Accident plans in India: A study Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment Application of International Cases in the Indian Legal Structure Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

The average salary of a lawyer in India is 3.5 Lakh per year.

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Property tax showdown?

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Drug Price Program Legal Fight Shifts Focus to Property Rights

By Nyah Phengsitthy

Nyah Phengsitthy

A recent US Supreme Court ruling on landowner property fees is getting drawn into the fight against a government drug price-setting program as drugmakers seek out additional defense against the negotiation scheme.

Merck & Co. and Bristol Myers Squibb Co. recently advised federal courts on the justices’ April 12 decision in Sheetz v. County of El Dorado in their respective legal battles against the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program .

Sheetz, as they wrote in supplemental authorities , supports their case because it “reiterates the basic proposition that ‘[w]hen the government wants to take private property,’ it ‘must compensate the owner at fair market value,’ and where the government ‘interfere[s] with the owner’s right to exclude others,’ that amounts to a ‘per se taking.’”

The pharmaceutical giants have long argued the price-setting scheme violates the takings clause enshrined in the Fifth Amendment because it seizes their property without paying just compensation. Their patented drugs are “protected from uncompensated takings,” they say.

As the takings clause has become the crux in lawsuits challenging the Biden administration’s top health initiative to reduce drug costs, manufacturers are finding ways to expand its scope. The industry has backed the argument with cases involving raisins, labor organizers, and now, landowner permit fees.

dissertation on land law

“When they read the Sheetz case, they see that yet another barrier has been removed to bringing a takings claim,” said professor Michael Allan Wolf of the University of Florida Levin College of Law, who specializes in property and takings law.

“The court has an organic view of the takings clause, and it keeps growing and growing and growing. I can’t blame an attorney for a pharmaceutical company for trying out the takings clause claim,” Wolf said.

Takings Arguments

The Supreme Court in Sheetz addressed the question on if the Nollan/Dolan test—a framework on whether permit conditions have a “nexus” and “rough proportionality” to the government’s land-use interest—recognizes a distinction between legislative and administrative conditions on land-use permits. The Nollan/Dolan test comes from Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987), and Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994), two earlier Supreme Court cases that limited the government’s ability to impair property interests with land use regulations.

The court on April 12 held that it doesn’t recognize a distinction, but the justices are sending the case back to the California Court of Appeals to answer if the traffic impact fee at issue is a taking.

Manufacturers say Sheetz explains that Nollan/Dolan is “modeled on” and “rooted” in the “unconstitutional conditions doctrine.” That doctrine applies to their argument because if the program’s “‘access’ mandate ‘would be a compensable taking if imposed’ directly, then imposing it as a condition on Medicare coverage requires ‘application of Nollan/Dolan scrutiny,’” the drugmakers wrote.

While this isn’t the first time manufacturers have brought up Nollan/Dolan scrutiny, their recent filings are a “very strained application to go from land-use to a government contract negotiation,” said Shelley Ross Saxer, a professor at Pepperdine University Caruso School of Law.

Saxer, who specializes in property and land-use law, said pharmaceutical companies can argue the program is a taking, but the Nollan/Dolan framework isn’t the right test to determine that.

“I understand the government is saying we’re going to pay you so much less than your business model, but if you want to challenge that legislation as going too far—restricting too much—Penn Central is your test,” she said.

The test , born out of Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City (1978), requires courts to balance three factors to determine if a regulatory taking occurred: economic impact of the regulation on the claimant; the extent to which the regulation interferes with distinct investment-backed expectations; and the character of the government action.

“The difference is what test you apply to the taking,” Saxer said. “Every property owner wants to allege a per se taking—such as under Nollan/Dolan scrutiny—but I don’t believe it is the appropriate test in this situation.

However, manufacturers defended the framework in drug-pricing showdown oral argument before the US District Court for the District of New Jersey in March.

If the court disagrees with manufacturers on the nexus proportionality and remove the Nollan/Dolan test, “it’s still clear that the baseline unconstitutional conditions test would apply,” Kevin King, partner at Covington & Burling LLP, said at the argument on behalf of Johnson & Johnson .

“In other words, you take the thing that’s a condition, you make it mandatory, and you decide whether it’s constitutional,” King said.

The Department of Justice, representing the Department of Health and Human Services, reiterated in its responses to Merck and Bristol Myers that the “Supreme Court had made clear” that the Nollan/Dolan test is reserved for the special application of land-use permits, and “nothing in Sheetz suggests that the high court was overruling that precedent.”

Raisins, Union Organizers, and Drugs

Sheetz adds to Merck and Bristol Myers’s list of Supreme Court decisions used to defend that the program results in a per se taking, which is backed by a tax penalty if manufacturers refuse to comply with the program.

They frequently cite Horne v. Dep’t of Agric. (2015) in their briefings, a case where the high court determined a taking occurred when a statute directed farmers to turn over a percentage of their raisin crop without charge. They also cite Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid (2021), which held that a California law requiring labor organizers’ access to agricultural employers’ property was a per se physical taking.

But “it’s not surprising that Big Pharma would connect their arguments to Sheetz,” said Nina Henry, counsel at the Constitutional Accountability Center , who filed an amicus brief in Sheetz and some of the drug pricing cases .

“All of these cases are examples of how the conservative legal movement is trying to stretch the boundaries of the takings clause far beyond what its text and history support,” Henry said.

Merck and Bristol Myers are also still “grasping at straws here,” because “negotiating drug prices is different from zoning or land use laws,” said Andrew Twinamatsiko, director of the Health Policy and the Law Initiative at Georgetown University’s O’Neill Institute.

“All the other courts that have addressed this specific issue in the drug negotiation context—and Medicare writ large—have been clear that drug companies do not have a property interest in Medicare because participation in Medicare is voluntary,” Twinamatsiko said.

Nonetheless, manufacturers have signaled on taking their challenges to the Supreme Court as the program forces them to agree with a “government-dictated” price and threatens innovation to bring life-saving treatments to the market.

“Attorneys representing business interests are always looking for that hook in the Constitution that they can grab to get the court’s attention—increasingly that is the takings clause,” Wolf said.

To contact the reporter on this story: Nyah Phengsitthy in Washington at [email protected]

To contact the editors responsible for this story: Zachary Sherwood at [email protected] ; Karl Hardy at [email protected]

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Attorneys argue that Florida law discriminates against Chinese nationals trying to buy homes

An attorney asked a federal appeals court on Friday to block a controversial Florida law signed last year that restricts Chinese citizens from buying real estate in much of the state, calling it discriminatory and a violation of the federal government’s supremacy in deciding foreign affairs. (AP Video: Cody Jackson)

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An attorney asked a federal appeals court on Friday to block a controversial Florida law signed last year that restricts Chinese citizens from buying real estate in much of the state, calling it discriminatory and a violation of the federal government’s supremacy in deciding foreign affairs.

Attorney Ashley Gorski, representing four Chinese nationals who live in the state, told a three-judge panel from the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals that “Florida is unlawfully restricting housing for Chinese people.” The law bars Chinese nationals and citizens from other countries that Florida sees as a threat from buying property near military installations and other “critical infrastructure.”

She compared it to long-overturned laws from the early 20th century that barred Chinese from buying property.

“It is singling out people from particular countries in a way that is anathema to the equal protection guarantees that now exist,” Gorski told the court.

But Nathan Forrester, the attorney representing the state, told judges Charles Wilson, Robert Luck and Barbara Lagoa that the law lines up with the Biden administration’s national security concerns, including threats posed by the Chinese government.

Disneyland Resort Cast Members, Courtney Griffith, left, hugs Angela Nichols after a news conference in Anaheim, Calif., Wednesday, April 17, 2024. Workers who help bring Disneyland's beloved characters to life said Wednesday they collected enough signatures to support their push for a union. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes)

“It is not about race,” Forrester said. “The concern is about the Chinese government, and that is what this law is designed to do. The concern is the manipulation of the Chinese government.”

This case comes nearly a year after Gov. Ron DeSantis signed the law, which prohibits citizens of China and some other countries from purchasing property in large swaths of Florida. It applies to properties within 10 miles (16 kilometers) of military installations and other critical infrastructure. The law also applies to agricultural land.

At the time, DeSantis called China the country’s “greatest geopolitical threat” and said the law was taking a stand against the Chinese Communist Party, a frequent target in his failed attempt to land the Republican presidential nomination. The law also affects citizens of Cuba, Venezuela, Syria, Iran, Russia and North Korea. However, Chinese citizens and anybody selling property to them face the harshest penalties.

Luck and Lagoa both served on the Florida Supreme Court in 2019 after being appointed by DeSantis. Later that year, Luck and Lagoa were appointed to the federal court by then-President Donald Trump. Wilson was appointed to the court in 1999 by then-President Bill Clinton.

Throughout the arguments, Luck expressed skepticism of whether Gorski’s clients had standing to bring the lawsuit, asking how they specifically had been harmed.

Gorski replied that the law prevents Chinese citizens from getting home mortgages in Florida and that it declares “some kind of economic war” against China. She said it could have significant foreign policy implications.

“Congress vested only the president with the authority to prohibit a transaction because it is a major decision with significant foreign policy implications,” she said.

But Luck pushed back, saying the state used U.S. policy as its guidepost in drafting the law. “Florida took it from what the federal was doing and piggybacked,” he said.

Forrester noted that the Biden administration didn’t file a brief in support of Gorski’s clients.

Wilson pointed out that Florida has nearly two dozen military bases and that “critical infrastructure” is a broad term. He asked Forrester whether those restrictions would leave any place in Florida that someone from the barred countries could buy property. Forrester said maps were still being prepared.

In the original complaint filed to the Tallahassee district court last May, the attorneys representing Yifan Shen, Zhiming Xu, Xinxi Wang and Yongxin Liu argued the law violates the U.S. Constitution’s equal protection and due process clauses by casting “a cloud of suspicion over anyone of Chinese descent who seeks to buy property in Florida.”

But U.S. District Judge Allen Winsor, a Trump appointee, refused to block the law, saying the Chinese nationals had not proved the Legislature was motivated by an “unlawful animus” based on race.

Associated Press writer Terry Spencer in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, contributed to this report.

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It's official: Net Neutrality is back as the law of the land in the US

Published on April 25, 2024

Router ports with Ethernet cables plugged in

  • The FCC voted today, 3-2, to restore federal Net Neutrality laws in the United States.
  • Net Neutrality is the idea that broadband internet should be treated similarly to a public utility, with government regulations protecting access and restricting what ISPs can and cannot do.
  • Federal enforcement of Net Neutrality principles was previously repealed during the Trump administration, primarily orchestrated by the Trump-appointed FCC chair at the time, Ajit Pai.

Today, in a 3-2 vote, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) reinstated federal Net Neutrality rules in the United States. Under new FCC Chair Jessica Rosenworcel — appointed by President Joe Biden in 2021, shortly after he took office — Net Neutrality has, after a years-long stint away, once again become the law of the land .

“Broadband is now an essential service,” Rosenworcel said ahead of the vote. “Essential services, the ones we count on in every aspect of modern life, have some basic oversight.” She added that, for all Americans, broadband internet has gone from “nice to have, to need to have.”

Net Neutrality is the concept that internet access should be treated similarly to public utilities. Private companies provide these utilities to the public, but they are under heavy scrutiny by the government. In the case of water, for example, households can’t be prioritized by their location, nor can water companies dramatically alter pricing by household. With these concepts applied to internet service, it prevents:

  • ISPs prioritizing certain types of internet traffic, such as those that directly relate to their own services
  • ISPs blocking or throttling certain types of traffic or charging extra for it

Net Neutrality originally became law in 2015 under former President Barack Obama. When former President Donald Trump took office in 2016, he appointed Ajit Pai as the new FCC Chair. Pai made it clear that he intended to push the FCC to dismantle Net Neutrality, which it did in 2017. Since then, some states have put forth their own Net Neutrality rules, which have helped prevent ISPs from dramatically taking advantage of little FCC oversight. Today’s vote, though, removes the chance for ISPs to enact state-by-state decisions that go against Net Neutrality’s principles.

Since the 2017 federal repeal, ISPs say they have largely abided by Net Neutrality principles, even without government oversight (which, obviously, is primarily due to state regulations). However, one of the core tenets of the original Net Neutrality was to prevent ISPs from overcharging for broadband service or introducing exorbitant fees. Notably, this new 2024 version of Net Neutrality does not include these stipulations since the FCC has decided to forbear rate regulation. This could come back later, though.

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What the data says about crime in the U.S.

A growing share of Americans say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress to address this year. Around six-in-ten U.S. adults (58%) hold that view today, up from 47% at the beginning of Joe Biden’s presidency in 2021.

We conducted this analysis to learn more about U.S. crime patterns and how those patterns have changed over time.

The analysis relies on statistics published by the FBI, which we accessed through the Crime Data Explorer , and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), which we accessed through the  National Crime Victimization Survey data analysis tool .

To measure public attitudes about crime in the U.S., we relied on survey data from Pew Research Center and Gallup.

Additional details about each data source, including survey methodologies, are available by following the links in the text of this analysis.

A line chart showing that, since 2021, concerns about crime have grown among both Republicans and Democrats.

With the issue likely to come up in this year’s presidential election, here’s what we know about crime in the United States, based on the latest available data from the federal government and other sources.

How much crime is there in the U.S.?

It’s difficult to say for certain. The  two primary sources of government crime statistics  – the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) – paint an incomplete picture.

The FBI publishes  annual data  on crimes that have been reported to law enforcement, but not crimes that haven’t been reported. Historically, the FBI has also only published statistics about a handful of specific violent and property crimes, but not many other types of crime, such as drug crime. And while the FBI’s data is based on information from thousands of federal, state, county, city and other police departments, not all law enforcement agencies participate every year. In 2022, the most recent full year with available statistics, the FBI received data from 83% of participating agencies .

BJS, for its part, tracks crime by fielding a  large annual survey of Americans ages 12 and older and asking them whether they were the victim of certain types of crime in the past six months. One advantage of this approach is that it captures both reported and unreported crimes. But the BJS survey has limitations of its own. Like the FBI, it focuses mainly on a handful of violent and property crimes. And since the BJS data is based on after-the-fact interviews with crime victims, it cannot provide information about one especially high-profile type of offense: murder.

All those caveats aside, looking at the FBI and BJS statistics side-by-side  does  give researchers a good picture of U.S. violent and property crime rates and how they have changed over time. In addition, the FBI is transitioning to a new data collection system – known as the National Incident-Based Reporting System – that eventually will provide national information on a much larger set of crimes , as well as details such as the time and place they occur and the types of weapons involved, if applicable.

Which kinds of crime are most and least common?

A bar chart showing that theft is most common property crime, and assault is most common violent crime.

Property crime in the U.S. is much more common than violent crime. In 2022, the FBI reported a total of 1,954.4 property crimes per 100,000 people, compared with 380.7 violent crimes per 100,000 people.  

By far the most common form of property crime in 2022 was larceny/theft, followed by motor vehicle theft and burglary. Among violent crimes, aggravated assault was the most common offense, followed by robbery, rape, and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter.

BJS tracks a slightly different set of offenses from the FBI, but it finds the same overall patterns, with theft the most common form of property crime in 2022 and assault the most common form of violent crime.

How have crime rates in the U.S. changed over time?

Both the FBI and BJS data show dramatic declines in U.S. violent and property crime rates since the early 1990s, when crime spiked across much of the nation.

Using the FBI data, the violent crime rate fell 49% between 1993 and 2022, with large decreases in the rates of robbery (-74%), aggravated assault (-39%) and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter (-34%). It’s not possible to calculate the change in the rape rate during this period because the FBI  revised its definition of the offense in 2013 .

Line charts showing that U.S. violent and property crime rates have plunged since 1990s, regardless of data source.

The FBI data also shows a 59% reduction in the U.S. property crime rate between 1993 and 2022, with big declines in the rates of burglary (-75%), larceny/theft (-54%) and motor vehicle theft (-53%).

Using the BJS statistics, the declines in the violent and property crime rates are even steeper than those captured in the FBI data. Per BJS, the U.S. violent and property crime rates each fell 71% between 1993 and 2022.

While crime rates have fallen sharply over the long term, the decline hasn’t always been steady. There have been notable increases in certain kinds of crime in some years, including recently.

In 2020, for example, the U.S. murder rate saw its largest single-year increase on record – and by 2022, it remained considerably higher than before the coronavirus pandemic. Preliminary data for 2023, however, suggests that the murder rate fell substantially last year .

How do Americans perceive crime in their country?

Americans tend to believe crime is up, even when official data shows it is down.

In 23 of 27 Gallup surveys conducted since 1993 , at least 60% of U.S. adults have said there is more crime nationally than there was the year before, despite the downward trend in crime rates during most of that period.

A line chart showing that Americans tend to believe crime is up nationally, less so locally.

While perceptions of rising crime at the national level are common, fewer Americans believe crime is up in their own communities. In every Gallup crime survey since the 1990s, Americans have been much less likely to say crime is up in their area than to say the same about crime nationally.

Public attitudes about crime differ widely by Americans’ party affiliation, race and ethnicity, and other factors . For example, Republicans and Republican-leaning independents are much more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress this year (68% vs. 47%), according to a recent Pew Research Center survey.

How does crime in the U.S. differ by demographic characteristics?

Some groups of Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. In the  2022 BJS survey , for example, younger people and those with lower incomes were far more likely to report being the victim of a violent crime than older and higher-income people.

There were no major differences in violent crime victimization rates between male and female respondents or between those who identified as White, Black or Hispanic. But the victimization rate among Asian Americans (a category that includes Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders) was substantially lower than among other racial and ethnic groups.

The same BJS survey asks victims about the demographic characteristics of the offenders in the incidents they experienced.

In 2022, those who are male, younger people and those who are Black accounted for considerably larger shares of perceived offenders in violent incidents than their respective shares of the U.S. population. Men, for instance, accounted for 79% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, compared with 49% of the nation’s 12-and-older population that year. Black Americans accounted for 25% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, about twice their share of the 12-and-older population (12%).

As with all surveys, however, there are several potential sources of error, including the possibility that crime victims’ perceptions about offenders are incorrect.

How does crime in the U.S. differ geographically?

There are big geographic differences in violent and property crime rates.

For example, in 2022, there were more than 700 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in New Mexico and Alaska. That compares with fewer than 200 per 100,000 people in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Maine, according to the FBI.

The FBI notes that various factors might influence an area’s crime rate, including its population density and economic conditions.

What percentage of crimes are reported to police? What percentage are solved?

Line charts showing that fewer than half of crimes in the U.S. are reported, and fewer than half of reported crimes are solved.

Most violent and property crimes in the U.S. are not reported to police, and most of the crimes that  are  reported are not solved.

In its annual survey, BJS asks crime victims whether they reported their crime to police. It found that in 2022, only 41.5% of violent crimes and 31.8% of household property crimes were reported to authorities. BJS notes that there are many reasons why crime might not be reported, including fear of reprisal or of “getting the offender in trouble,” a feeling that police “would not or could not do anything to help,” or a belief that the crime is “a personal issue or too trivial to report.”

Most of the crimes that are reported to police, meanwhile,  are not solved , at least based on an FBI measure known as the clearance rate . That’s the share of cases each year that are closed, or “cleared,” through the arrest, charging and referral of a suspect for prosecution, or due to “exceptional” circumstances such as the death of a suspect or a victim’s refusal to cooperate with a prosecution. In 2022, police nationwide cleared 36.7% of violent crimes that were reported to them and 12.1% of the property crimes that came to their attention.

Which crimes are most likely to be reported to police? Which are most likely to be solved?

Bar charts showing that most vehicle thefts are reported to police, but relatively few result in arrest.

Around eight-in-ten motor vehicle thefts (80.9%) were reported to police in 2022, making them by far the most commonly reported property crime tracked by BJS. Household burglaries and trespassing offenses were reported to police at much lower rates (44.9% and 41.2%, respectively), while personal theft/larceny and other types of theft were only reported around a quarter of the time.

Among violent crimes – excluding homicide, which BJS doesn’t track – robbery was the most likely to be reported to law enforcement in 2022 (64.0%). It was followed by aggravated assault (49.9%), simple assault (36.8%) and rape/sexual assault (21.4%).

The list of crimes  cleared  by police in 2022 looks different from the list of crimes reported. Law enforcement officers were generally much more likely to solve violent crimes than property crimes, according to the FBI.

The most frequently solved violent crime tends to be homicide. Police cleared around half of murders and nonnegligent manslaughters (52.3%) in 2022. The clearance rates were lower for aggravated assault (41.4%), rape (26.1%) and robbery (23.2%).

When it comes to property crime, law enforcement agencies cleared 13.0% of burglaries, 12.4% of larcenies/thefts and 9.3% of motor vehicle thefts in 2022.

Are police solving more or fewer crimes than they used to?

Nationwide clearance rates for both violent and property crime are at their lowest levels since at least 1993, the FBI data shows.

Police cleared a little over a third (36.7%) of the violent crimes that came to their attention in 2022, down from nearly half (48.1%) as recently as 2013. During the same period, there were decreases for each of the four types of violent crime the FBI tracks:

Line charts showing that police clearance rates for violent crimes have declined in recent years.

  • Police cleared 52.3% of reported murders and nonnegligent homicides in 2022, down from 64.1% in 2013.
  • They cleared 41.4% of aggravated assaults, down from 57.7%.
  • They cleared 26.1% of rapes, down from 40.6%.
  • They cleared 23.2% of robberies, down from 29.4%.

The pattern is less pronounced for property crime. Overall, law enforcement agencies cleared 12.1% of reported property crimes in 2022, down from 19.7% in 2013. The clearance rate for burglary didn’t change much, but it fell for larceny/theft (to 12.4% in 2022 from 22.4% in 2013) and motor vehicle theft (to 9.3% from 14.2%).

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Nov. 20, 2020.

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John Gramlich is an associate director at Pew Research Center

8 facts about Black Lives Matter

#blacklivesmatter turns 10, support for the black lives matter movement has dropped considerably from its peak in 2020, fewer than 1% of federal criminal defendants were acquitted in 2022, before release of video showing tyre nichols’ beating, public views of police conduct had improved modestly, most popular.

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Governor Glenn Youngkin

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Virginia Governor Signs NIL Law That Could Significantly Change College Sports Landscape

  • Author: Mike McDaniel

In this story:

Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin signed an NIL bill into law on Thursday that could significantly change the college sports landscape.

Effective July 1, schools in Virginia can directly pay student-athletes for Name, Image, and Likeness. The law that Youngkin signed on Thursday made it illegal for the NCAA to punish a school for compensating athletes for their NIL rights.

Schools in Virginia will be allowed to directly sign athletes to NIL deals starting July 1 thanks to a new state law. This could be a catalyst for significant changes that NCAA members have been thus far unwilling to make. Full details: https://t.co/TZnRjnCKvw — Dan Murphy (@DanMurphyESPN) April 18, 2024

Currently, the NCAA prohibits schools from signing NIL deals with their own student-athletes. This has led to the creation of NIL collectives, which are separate entities from the schools themselves, that pay players for their NIL.

Now, NIL collectives will be able to work even more closely with the schools themselves in regards to player compensation, and remove the gray area that existed between schools and their NIL collectives.

The impact of this law on college athletics could be substantial, both for schools inside and outside of the state of Virginia. Beginning later this summer, schools in Virginia will have more freedom in pursuing compensation for student-athletes, allowing universities like Virginia Tech, Virginia, James Madison and others to have an upper hand on the recruiting trail until further notice.

This will likely expedite the timeline of NCAA rules changes to NIL to allow schools outside of Virginia to reap the same benefits that schools in the commonwealth will ostensibly have beginning in July.

Last December, NCAA president Charlie Baker proposed potential rules changes stipulating that all schools should be able to pay athletes via NIL deals as part of a plan to update NIL policies. In order for any rules changes to take effect, voting members of Division I athletics need to vote on the measures. To date, no vote has taken place on the potential rules changes, but Virginia's law set in stone on Thursday will certainly bring voting members to the bargaining table sooner rather than later.

Until that occurs, schools in Virginia will have a benefit in NIL compensation that schools in other states won't have. That in and of itself, is notable.

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Opinion columnists | opinion: if colorado ties the knot with adu zoning, the real work lies ahead, encouraging accessory-dwelling units could serve a modest number of coloradans during this housing crisis.

The small 2-bedroom unit is 576 square feet at 24'...

The small 2-bedroom unit is 576 square feet at 24' by 24' and includes a full bathroom. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative/Denver Housing Authority)

The one-bedroom above garage unit is 24' by 24'.(Provided by...

The one-bedroom above garage unit is 24' by 24'.(Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative /Denver Housing Authority)

A linear studio unit plan is 420 square feet and...

A linear studio unit plan is 420 square feet and includes French doors. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative /Denver Housing Authority)

A plan for a one-bedroom unit above a two-car garage...

A plan for a one-bedroom unit above a two-car garage includes exterior stairs and is 576 square feet. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative /Denver Housing Authority)

At 864 square feet, the three-bedroom model includes one full...

At 864 square feet, the three-bedroom model includes one full bathroom. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative/Denver Housing Authority)

Like the small two-bedroom unit, the one-bedroom plan is 576...

Like the small two-bedroom unit, the one-bedroom plan is 576 square feet but provides more living room/kitchen space. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative/Denver Housing Authority)

An L-shaped studio unit is 432 square feet and features...

An L-shaped studio unit is 432 square feet and features French doors. (Provided by West Denver Renaissance Collaborative/Denver Housing Authority)

Like any good love story, ADU tales have characters we cheer for when they find their housing match: A financially challenged friend, back in college, living in their dad’s backyard studio; a divorcing elected official who landed softly in a historic carriage house; the doubled-up Latino family able to move their adult daughter and grandchild into the new backyard casita.

Colorado legislators and Gov. Jared Polis have proposed legalizing ADUs (accessory-dwelling units) in Colorado’s urban and suburban cities as one solution to Colorado’s housing crisis for the second year in a row, citing 78% support among Coloradans.

But even when we’re head over heels, it’s a good idea to pause and confirm long-term compatibility and future goals before getting hitched. Pre-marital counseling and advice from longer-married cities and states could help Colorado avoid disappointment after the honeymoon of “just passing” ADU legislation wears off if we make it past the altar this year.

Because any good union should be evaluated on how many Coloradans struggling with housing affordability are helped.

Research points to gaps ADU zoning reform would fill and demonstrates there is potential good reason to allow accessory-dwelling units on more lots. The land-use change can provide a gradual supply of relatively affordable housing for some cost-burdened Colorado renters.

But we will face the same barriers as elsewhere to meaningfully and equitably boost production to make a significant dent in the housing crisis or to reach lower-income households.

Colorado could deliver more fully on the promise of ADUs for more struggling Coloradans if $8 million already prioritized for low- and moderate-income homeowners and zoning are paired with additional programs linking homeowner assistance to affordable rents. Collaborative work to expand private financing and strong local implementation will also increase success.

As a fellow for The Bell Policy Center, I recently completed a first-ever analysis of ADUs. I found that in 32 of the largest Colorado cities covered by pending legislation, 19 are already allowing ADUs, but most at rates below peers who’ve reformed zoning. Many others have no ADU zoning or the zoning rules are so restrictive they are almost unusable.

In California, which has implemented the most sweeping legislation and seen the largest uptake nationally, just 2% of property owners among the lowest fourth of earners have permitted or completed ADUs, compared with about 40% in the two highest income brackets. Permitting in heavily Latino Los Angeles has been strong, in part with retroactive permitting of previous illegal garage or basement conversions. But permitting by Latinos lags that of white homeowners statewide. These racial disparities mirror patterns of inequitable access to home financing credit, also documented by the Bell Policy Center in Colorado.

On rental affordability, in his state-of-the state address, Gov. Jared Polis described these homes as “inherently affordable.” ADUs tend to be cheaper than single-family homes because they are smaller studios or one-bedrooms. As such, the target population is described as the growing number of smaller households cross the U.S. and in Colorado, especially older adults.

One in five Colorado seniors are already “doubled up” with family or another household, according to Colorado Futures Center. But those over 65 are overwhelmingly homeowners, so they’d be giving up equity and stability to rent. Only 15% of ADU occupants in California are older adults.

New Hampshire passed less stringent ADU zoning legislation but has had unexpectedly strong outcomes from a sample of cities with permit data. Their success has been attributed to larger homes, higher median income, and a higher rate of older homeowners, some of whom move into an ADU they financed to be near grandkids in the main house. These indicators point to market ADUs as an important choice for a modest percentage of Colorado seniors with adequate means.

About a quarter of all kids in Colorado are living doubled up with families living two-to-a-unit, and without these doubled-up families, the number of children under age 6 in this state would not have seen any growth when compared to previous years.

These families could be especially well-served by ADUs, but won’t be by the market-rate studios or one-bedrooms the market produces on its own. Only 11% of ADUs in California’s survey are occupied by children and only 21% have two or more bedrooms.

To help cost-burdened and doubled-up families like these in West Denver, many of which are part of our state’s large Latino population, a Single Family+ pilot with Denver’s Housing Authority leveraged innovative private financing, public subsidy and deep technical assistance on ADUs. They’ve successfully helped families build or permit 12 two- to three-bedroom ADUs. The average rent across all of the ADUs they have built to-date is $957. The vast majority of their owners are moderate-income themselves. Zoning was necessary but didn’t produce these outcomes on its own.

Based on rents in other states with ADU reforms and Boulder, the “inherent” affordability of ADUs is likely for those earning around 80% of Area Median Income (AMI). That’s two people earning around $62,000 in Colorado Springs, $72,000 in Fort Collins, or around $76,000 in metro Denver/Boulder. Affordable rents for those incomes would range from $1,300 in Mesa County to just below $1,800 in metro Denver for one bedroom.

But half of Coloradans earn less than $75,000. More than 650,000 households statewide face significant levels of housing cost burden, most needing rents lower than these market rates. Typical ADU rent would be out of reach for the vast majority of these renters. For example, most burdened renters in Grand Junction or Pueblo need rents below $815 and those in Colorado Springs would struggle if they exceeded $914 for a one-bedroom. State and local action beyond zoning would be necessary to help ADUs reach these families.

California has given owners $120 million toward building ADUs, with the last $25 million restricted to those below median income, though without requiring affordable rents. In addition to West Denver’s Single Family+ pilot, other models we could replicate pair forgivable loans or cash in exchange for renting to families who are rent burdened, or with housing vouchers.

Colorado has proposed $18 million to be split between local governments and direct financing of ADUs, a start, but it will be spread thin state-wide. These funds will be prioritized for low- and moderate-income owners. In addition, creating programs with rent standards would help Colorado reach more of the households struggling in our state to meet the promise of ADUs.

As a former city council member, I’m sympathetic to the concerns of local government officials about the state’s sweeping approach. For example, they worry ADUs will just be rented short-term in our tourism-dominant state. Many Denver homeowners have relied on short-term rentals to pay back exorbitant ADU construction costs in the absence of more affordable financing. However statewide policy brings leverage to create better financing pathways that city-by-city approaches don’t. And cities can prohibit or regulate short-term rentals. California doesn’t prohibit them statewide, but local governments can and do: only 8% of California ADUs are rented short-term, and low- and moderate-income ADU owners are the least likely to do so.

Another legitimate concern is whether upzoning will make low- and moderate-income communities of color more vulnerable to developer speculation and exacerbate displacement. Evidence of this was not found in communities with expanded ADU zoning, likely due to the long timelines and difficulties that remain in building costly, one-of-a-kind units, resulting in a slow and low return on investment.

Evidence points to gradual development not an onslaught. If Colorado eventually got to the pace of California’s current statewide production it would be 3,500 to 5,000 ADUs per year statewide. The best prospects for low- and moderate-income homeowner ADUs would be more affordable and less noticeable basement conversions or additions, not detached units.

In the end, if Colorado ties the knot with ADUs, like any new marriage, the real work will be ahead of us. Every budget cycle we’ll have to renew our vows if we want to really deliver on affordability and outcomes for the families struggling to afford housing. It will take a broader village too, such as better financing from banks and credit unions.

And no one relationship can fulfill all needs. Colorado needs many other housing strategies to address affordability. A multi-family building of fifty, a hundred or more apartments or condos can be built in about the same time it takes to build two ADUs.

So, if we’re talking about the housing struggles of nursing assistants for our aging population, restaurant servers, universal pre-school teachers, transit drivers and others, we’ll need to put even more energy into our multi-family apartment relationships: zoning, affordability standards, renter protections, and sustainable funding.

Many of the cities and states leading on ADU reform actually led first or simultaneously with those policies and we should follow all the best practices.

Robin Kniech was an at-large Denver city councilmember from 2011-23 and sponsor of Denver’s Affordable Housing Fund, Homelessness Resolution Fund and many other affordable housing and zoning measures. She is a Bell Policy Center Economic Mobility fellow. Read full reports @robinkniech through Substack or Medium.  

Denver’s ADU Program

West Denver Single Family+ Pilot Program

Within the Denver Housing Authority, the ADU pilot program works with homeowners at all income levels to make accessory dwelling units more accessible and affordable in every part of Denver. Below is the data from the West Denver Single Family+ pilot program’s third-year report.

Requirements

• Land must be zoned for ADUs and have a clear area in the rear 1/3 of the lot for a detached ADU in any Denver neighborhood

• Deed restriction and affordability requirements for those receiving subsidies: Rent must be priced at less than or equal to 80% of AMI; Homeowner or ADU occupant must make less than or equal to 80% of AMI for cash subsidies and compliance.

Homeowner Participants

• 75% BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, or People of Color)

• 45% female head-of-household

• Median income of 73% of AMI

ADU and Renter Outcomes

• Represent 14% of all ADUs constructed in Denver in 2022

• Average rent of $957 a month, or 34% of the annual AMI maximum rent by unit size

• 12 of 24 ADUs completed, partially constructed or in predevelopment are 2-3 bedroom ADUs

• 95% chose to build initially for a family member

Average ADU development cost after subsidies

• $247k for owners < 120% of AMI; $300k for owners > 120% of AMI

Value of program

• 20 homeowners and 40 households positively impacted by an affordable ADU

• Since 2021, 6,000 have explored general ADU feasibility via a custom online app, hundreds of homeowners have received ADU technical assistance and education

• 2021-23 $2.56 million in total ADU construction financing; homeowners finance on average 83% of development cost

• 2024 projected $4.3 million in total ADU construction financing

Examples of Subsidies and Financing

• $30,000 – $55,000 HOST Affordable ADU subsidy based on bedrooms, owner or renter ≤ 80% of AMI

• Infrastructure grants (sidewalk, sewer expansions, electrical grid upgrade, permit costs), owner or renter ≤ 140% of AMI

• Interest-only payments during construction

• Includes rental income towards debt-to-income ratio when qualifying

• Discounted closing cost for low- and moderate-income neighborhood residents

• Interest rate buy-downs and special program interest rates

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