argumentative essay nedir

Argumentative Essay Nasıl Yazılır?

Argumentative Essay genel hatları ile normal bir essay yani makale gibi yazılırken, daha detaylara inildiğinde bazı ayrıntılara dikkat etmek faydalı olacaktır. Burada öncelik verilmesi gereken gereken genel olarak Opinion (Fikir) ve Problem (Sorun) ve Solution (Çözüm) şeklinde yazıldıkları için yazdığımız konuya üç farklı yerden bakış açısı getirebiliyor ve iyi bir karşıt fikir sunabiliyor olmanızdır. Verilen karşıt fikir ise yazının gelişme ya da sonuç bölümünde yine bizim tarafımızdan çürütülmelidir.

Argumentative Essay ile Opinion Essay arasındaki farka kısaca baktığımızda Argumentative Essay yazarken dikkat edilmesi gereken farklılıklar daha net anlaşılacaktır. Opinion Essay’de ele alınan konu hakkında sadece bilgi verilirken Argumentative Essay’de buna ek olarak aynı zamanda verilen bilgiler çeşitli bakış açıları ile eleştirilmeye çalışılır. Verilen bilginin karşıtını savunan görüş ve iddialar kuralına uygun şekilde sunulmalıdır. Opinion Essay’de sadece kendi düşüncemizi bildirmemiz yeterli iken Argumantative Essay’de verilen konu ile ilgili değişik bakış açılarının belirtilmesi çok önemlidir. Argumentative Essay yazımında çok önemli dört adet nokta vardır.

• Açıklayıcılık
• İkna Edicilik
• Analitik Düşünme
• Tartışmacı olma

Yazılan tezin doğruluğunu öne çıkarabilmek için diğer karşıt görüşlere de yer vererek bu diğer görüşleri çürütmeye çalışmak Argumentative Essay’de en önemli ayrıntıdır.

Türkçeye tartışmacı kompozisyon olarak çevrilen Argumentative Essay’de elimizdeki konuya karşı değişik bakış açısı olan en az iki taraf olması gerekir. Bizim bu Essay’i yazarken yapmamız gereken ise çeşitli ispatlar, alıntılar ve belki istatistiklerle karşı tarafın bakış açısını çürütmeye çalışmamızdır. Essay’imizi bir sonuca bağlamamız da bu çürütmeleri yapmak kadar önemlidir.

Diğer Essay türlerinde de olduğu gibi Argumantative Essay yazımına başlamadan önce çok kısaca bir taslak oluşturmanız ve yazının hangi bölümünde ne gibi sorulara cevap vermemiz gerektiğini bulmamız bizim için bu Essay yazımını kolaylaştıracaktır.

Argumentative Essay’in yazım adımlarına geçmeden önce bilmemiz gereken her zaman önce karşıt olduğumuz görüşü yani eleştireceğimiz, çürütmeye çalışacağımız görüşe yerdikten daha sonra kendi görüşümüzü belirtmemizdir. Introduction (Giriş) ve Body (Gelişme) paragrafları bu şekilde oluşturulmalıdır. Introduction ve Body Paragraflardan sonra yazılan conclusion yani sonuç paragrafında ise sadece ve sadece kendi görüşümüzü bildirmemiz gerekir.

Argumentative Essay yazımında karşı tarafın argümanına con, bizim sunacağımız görüşümüze ise pro denilmektedir.

Kendimizi bu konuda daha da geliştirebilmek için bu con ve pro görüşlerin neler olabileceklerine ve bu görüşlerin birbirlerini ne şekilde çürütmeye çalıştıklarını araştırarak makalelerinizde daha güçlü tartışmalara yer verebilirsiniz.

Argumentative Essay Yazım Aşamaları

Argumentative Essay yazım aşamalarını tek tek ele alacak olursa şu şekilde başlıkları sıralamamız doğru olacaktır:

• Konu Cümlesi (Topic Sentence)
• Tanım (Definition)
• Önem (Importance)
• Uyuşmazlık (Controversy)
• Tez Cümlesi (Thesis Statement)

Topic Sentence diğer Essay yazımlarından da tanıdığımız ilk cümledir ve Argumentative Essay’de bu ilk cümlenin “common, the most argued, widespread…“ gibi yapılarla verilmesi önemlidir. Bu şekilde bahsettiğimiz konunun tartışmaya açık yanını ön plana çıkarmış oluruz.

Çok kısa bir örnek vermek gerekirse: “Nowadays, smoking is one of the most argued issue.” gibi çok kısa ve basit bir cümle ile başlayabiliriz. Burada hem konumuzun sınırlarını belirtmiş hem de bu konunun tartışmaya açık bir konu olduğunu belirtmiş oluyoruz.

Definition kısmı yine diğer Essay’lerde olduğu gibi yazımızda kullanacağımız, durum, terim ve yapıların açıklanması aşamasıdır. Böylece okur için yazının devam eden kısımlarında tanımadığı bir terim kullanılmamış olur. Bu kısım bilimsel araştırmalar ile ilgili Essay’lerin yazımında çok önemlidir. Çünkü kullanılacak terimlerin okuyucu için araştırmayı yapan kişi için olduğu kadar bilinir ve açık olmadığı yazan kisi tarafından bilinmelidir.

Importance kısmında yapmamız gereken ele alınan konunun önemini çok kısaca belirtmektir. Burada unutmamız gereken bu kısmın çok uzun sürmemesidir. Ele alınan konunun önemi zaten yazının genel hatları ile ortada olmalıdır ve bu sebeple çok uzun bir Importance bölümü sadece yazımızı gereksiz uzatacaktır.

Controversy kısmı bizim en çok kafa yormamız gereken kısım olarak kabul edilebilir. Burada karşı tarafa bildirmemiz gereken Argumentative Essay’deki tarafların görüşleri olmalıdır. Karşıt görüşlerin herhangi bir saptırmaya ya da değişime uğramadan bildiriliyor olması önemlidir. Bu kısımda kullanacağımız kalıplara örnek vermek gerekirse şu şekilde sıralanabilir:

By contrast, another way of viewing this is, alternatively, again; rather, one alternative is, another possibility is, on the one hand… on the other hand, in comparison, on the contrary, in fact, though, although….

Bahsettiğimiz konuyu gerek kendi görüşümüz gerekse karşı tarafın görüşü olsun belirgin bir bi-çimde ortaya koymamız önemlidir. Bu sebepler aşağıda sıralayacağımız kelimeler ile bahsettiğimiz konuyu başka kelimeler ile yeniden açıklamamız önemlidir:

I believe, in my opinion, I think, In my view, I strongly believe,

It is argued that, people argue that, opponents of this view say, there are people who oppose…

Aynı fikri farklı bir şekilde ifade ederken şunları kullanabiliriz:

in other words, rather, or, better, in that case, to put it (more) simply, in view of this, with this in mind, to look at this another way…

Eğer burada konuya ilişkin eklemek istediğimiz daha fazla görüş ve bakış açısı varsa şu kalıpların kullanılması faydalı olacaktır:

what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that, etc…

Vereceğimiz örneklerde ise şu kalıpları kullanmamız yine Essay’imizin etkisini arttıracaktır:

that is to say; in other words

for example; for instance; namely; an example of this

and; as follows; as in the following examples; such as; including

especially; particularly; in particular; notably; chiefly; mainly; mostly…

Yazımızın Thesis Statement kısmı yazımızın notunu veren en önemli bölümdür. Argumentative Essay yazımında Thesis Statement kısmı diğer Essay’lere göre biraz farklılık gösterir. Şöyle ki burada öncelikle verilmesi gereken yeniden daha önce sıraladığımız kullanım yapılarının birisi ile karşı tarafın görüşünü vermektir. Daha sonra ise en kısa hali ile kendi görüşünüzü ve neden bu görüşü savunduğunuzu kesin bir dil ile anlatmanız gerekir.

Burada yine aşağıda saydığımız kalıpların kullanılması şekil açısından Essay’inizi daha anlaşılır hale getirecektir:

however; despite x; in spite of x;

while x may be true…

although; though; after all; at the same time; on the other hand, all the same;

even if x is true; although x may have a good point… 

Argumentative Essay yazarken makalenin sonunda bahsettiğiniz görüşünüzden emin olduğunuzu ve herhangi bir kuşku duymadan ya da tam bilgi sahibi olmadan konu hakkında argüman geliştirmediğinizi karşı tarafa tam anlamı ile aktarabiliyor olmanız büyük önem taşır. Yazınızı okuduktan sonra karşı taraf çürütmeye çalıştığınız konu hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğunuzu görmeli ve sizin kendinizden emin tavrınızı farketmelidir.

İlgili Makaleler

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay

4-minute read

• 30th April 2022

An argumentative essay is a structured, compelling piece of writing where an author clearly defines their stance on a specific topic. This is a very popular style of writing assigned to students at schools, colleges, and universities. Learn the steps to researching, structuring, and writing an effective argumentative essay below.

Requirements of an Argumentative Essay

To effectively achieve its purpose, an argumentative essay must contain:

●  A concise thesis statement that introduces readers to the central argument of the essay

●  A clear, logical, argument that engages readers

●  Ample research and evidence that supports your argument

Approaches to Use in Your Argumentative Essay

1.   classical.

●  Clearly present the central argument.

●  Outline your opinion.

●  Provide enough evidence to support your theory.

2.   Toulmin

●  State your claim.

●  Supply the evidence for your stance.

●  Explain how these findings support the argument.

●  Include and discuss any limitations of your belief.

3.   Rogerian

●  Explain the opposing stance of your argument.

●  Discuss the problems with adopting this viewpoint.

●  Offer your position on the matter.

●  Provide reasons for why yours is the more beneficial stance.

●  Include a potential compromise for the topic at hand.

Tips for Writing a Well-Written Argumentative Essay

●  Introduce your topic in a bold, direct, and engaging manner to captivate your readers and encourage them to keep reading.

●  Provide sufficient evidence to justify your argument and convince readers to adopt this point of view.

●  Consider, include, and fairly present all sides of the topic.

●  Structure your argument in a clear, logical manner that helps your readers to understand your thought process.

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

●  Discuss any counterarguments that might be posed.

●  Use persuasive writing that’s appropriate for your target audience and motivates them to agree with you.

Steps to Write an Argumentative Essay

Follow these basic steps to write a powerful and meaningful argumentative essay :

Step 1: Choose a topic that you’re passionate about

If you’ve already been given a topic to write about, pick a stance that resonates deeply with you. This will shine through in your writing, make the research process easier, and positively influence the outcome of your argument.

Step 2: Conduct ample research to prove the validity of your argument

To write an emotive argumentative essay , finding enough research to support your theory is a must. You’ll need solid evidence to convince readers to agree with your take on the matter. You’ll also need to logically organize the research so that it naturally convinces readers of your viewpoint and leaves no room for questioning.

Step 3: Follow a simple, easy-to-follow structure and compile your essay

A good structure to ensure a well-written and effective argumentative essay includes:

Introduction

●  Introduce your topic.

●  Offer background information on the claim.

●  Discuss the evidence you’ll present to support your argument.

●  State your thesis statement, a one-to-two sentence summary of your claim.

●  This is the section where you’ll develop and expand on your argument.

●  It should be split into three or four coherent paragraphs, with each one presenting its own idea.

●  Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that indicates why readers should adopt your belief or stance.

●  Include your research, statistics, citations, and other supporting evidence.

●  Discuss opposing viewpoints and why they’re invalid.

●  This part typically consists of one paragraph.

●  Summarize your research and the findings that were presented.

●  Emphasize your initial thesis statement.

●  Persuade readers to agree with your stance.

We certainly hope that you feel inspired to use these tips when writing your next argumentative essay . And, if you’re currently elbow-deep in writing one, consider submitting a free sample to us once it’s completed. Our expert team of editors can help ensure that it’s concise, error-free, and effective!

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

2-minute read

How to Cite the CDC in APA

If you’re writing about health issues, you might need to reference the Centers for Disease...

5-minute read

Six Product Description Generator Tools for Your Product Copy

Introduction If you’re involved with ecommerce, you’re likely familiar with the often painstaking process of...

3-minute read

What Is a Content Editor?

Are you interested in learning more about the role of a content editor and the...

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Proofreading is important to ensure your writing is clear and concise for your readers. Whether...

6 Online AI Presentation Maker Tools

Creating presentations can be time-consuming and frustrating. Trying to construct a visually appealing and informative...

What Is Market Research?

No matter your industry, conducting market research helps you keep up to date with shifting...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

Get science-backed answers as you write with Paperpal's Research feature

What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

Table of Contents

• What is an argumentative essay?  
• Argumentative essay structure 
• Argumentative essay outline 
• Types of argument claims 

How to write an argumentative essay?

• Argumentative essay writing tips 
• Good argumentative essay example 

How to write a good thesis

• How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal? 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: 

• Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove. 
• Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement. 
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. 

Articulate your thesis statement better with Paperpal. Start writing now!

• Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions. 
• Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument. 
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions. 

Argumentative essay structure

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

Have a looming deadline for your argumentative essay? Write 2x faster with Paperpal – Start now!  

Argumentative essay outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3  

1.  Introduction : 

• Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention. 

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?” 

• Background information : Provide brief context about the issue. 

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.” 

• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position. 

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.” 

2.  Body Paragraphs : 

• Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph. 

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.” 

• Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument. 

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.” 

• Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints. 

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.” 

• Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next. 

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.” 

3.  Counterargument Paragraph : 

• Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue. 

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.” 

• Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument. 

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.” 

4.  Conclusion : 

• Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument. 

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.” 

• Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications. 

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.” 

Types of argument claims

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples: 

• Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence.  Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
• Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.” 
• Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change.  Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.” 
• Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.  Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.” 
• Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term.  Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.” 
• Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects.  Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.” 
• Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria.  Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.” 

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.  

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
• Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
• Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
• Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
• Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
• Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
• Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
• Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
• Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

Struggling to start your argumentative essay? Paperpal can help – try now!   

Argumentative essay writing tips

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay: 

• Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument. 
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position. 
• Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument. 
• Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next. 
• Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility. 
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views. 
• Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone. 
• Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action. 

Good argumentative essay example

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

• Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement:   Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.  
• Provide Strong Supporting Evidence:   Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.  
• Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them:   Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument. 

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay: 

• Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .  
• Navigate to Paperpal Copilot: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.  
• Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline’ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.  
• Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Brainstorm and get subject-specific assistance, ensuring you stay on track. 
• Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience. 
• Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.  

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays. 

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when:  1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.  2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion.  3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims.  4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic. 

Argumentative Essay:  Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument.  Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.    Narrative/Descriptive Essay:  Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing.  Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details. 

• Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters . 
• Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200. 
• Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press. 
• Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.  

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!  

Related Reads:

• Empirical Research: A Comprehensive Guide for Academics 
• How to Write a Scientific Paper in 10 Steps 
• What is a Literature Review? How to Write It (with Examples)
• Life Sciences Papers: 9 Tips for Authors Writing in Biological Sciences

Make Your Research Paper Error-Free with Paperpal’s Online Spell Checker 

The do’s & don’ts of using generative ai tools ethically in academia, you may also like, what is academic writing: tips for students, what is hedging in academic writing  , how to use ai to enhance your college..., how to use paperpal to generate emails &..., ai in education: it’s time to change the..., is it ethical to use ai-generated abstracts without..., do plagiarism checkers detect ai content, word choice problems: how to use the right..., how to avoid plagiarism when using generative ai..., what are journal guidelines on using generative ai....

• school Campus Bookshelves
• menu_book Bookshelves
• perm_media Learning Objects
• login Login
• how_to_reg Request Instructor Account
• hub Instructor Commons
• Download Page (PDF)
• Download Full Book (PDF)
• Periodic Table
• Physics Constants
• Scientific Calculator
• Reference & Cite
• Tools expand_more
• Readability

selected template will load here

This action is not available.

9.3: The Argumentative Essay

• Last updated
• Save as PDF
• Page ID 58378
• Lumen Learning

Learning Objectives

• Examine types of argumentative essays

Argumentative Essays

You may have heard it said that all writing is an argument of some kind. Even if you’re writing an informative essay, you still have the job of trying to convince your audience that the information is important. However, there are times you’ll be asked to write an essay that is specifically an argumentative piece.

An argumentative essay is one that makes a clear assertion or argument about some topic or issue. When you’re writing an argumentative essay, it’s important to remember that an academic argument is quite different from a regular, emotional argument. Note that sometimes students forget the academic aspect of an argumentative essay and write essays that are much too emotional for an academic audience. It’s important for you to choose a topic you feel passionately about (if you’re allowed to pick your topic), but you have to be sure you aren’t too emotionally attached to a topic. In an academic argument, you’ll have a lot more constraints you have to consider, and you’ll focus much more on logic and reasoning than emotions.

Argumentative essays are quite common in academic writing and are often an important part of writing in all disciplines. You may be asked to take a stand on a social issue in your introduction to writing course, but you could also be asked to take a stand on an issue related to health care in your nursing courses or make a case for solving a local environmental problem in your biology class. And, since argument is such a common essay assignment, it’s important to be aware of some basic elements of a good argumentative essay.

When your professor asks you to write an argumentative essay, you’ll often be given something specific to write about. For example, you may be asked to take a stand on an issue you have been discussing in class. Perhaps, in your education class, you would be asked to write about standardized testing in public schools. Or, in your literature class, you might be asked to argue the effects of protest literature on public policy in the United States.

However, there are times when you’ll be given a choice of topics. You might even be asked to write an argumentative essay on any topic related to your field of study or a topic you feel that is important personally.

Whatever the case, having some knowledge of some basic argumentative techniques or strategies will be helpful as you write. Below are some common types of arguments.

Causal Arguments

• In this type of argument, you argue that something has caused something else. For example, you might explore the causes of the decline of large mammals in the world’s ocean and make a case for your cause.

Evaluation Arguments

• In this type of argument, you make an argumentative evaluation of something as “good” or “bad,” but you need to establish the criteria for “good” or “bad.” For example, you might evaluate a children’s book for your education class, but you would need to establish clear criteria for your evaluation for your audience.

Proposal Arguments

• In this type of argument, you must propose a solution to a problem. First, you must establish a clear problem and then propose a specific solution to that problem. For example, you might argue for a proposal that would increase retention rates at your college.

Narrative Arguments

• In this type of argument, you make your case by telling a story with a clear point related to your argument. For example, you might write a narrative about your experiences with standardized testing in order to make a case for reform.

Rebuttal Arguments

• In a rebuttal argument, you build your case around refuting an idea or ideas that have come before. In other words, your starting point is to challenge the ideas of the past.

Definition Arguments

• In this type of argument, you use a definition as the starting point for making your case. For example, in a definition argument, you might argue that NCAA basketball players should be defined as professional players and, therefore, should be paid.

https://assessments.lumenlearning.co...essments/20277

Essay Examples

• Click here to read an argumentative essay on the consequences of fast fashion . Read it and look at the comments to recognize strategies and techniques the author uses to convey her ideas.
• In this example, you’ll see a sample argumentative paper from a psychology class submitted in APA format. Key parts of the argumentative structure have been noted for you in the sample.

Link to Learning

For more examples of types of argumentative essays, visit the Argumentative Purposes section of the Excelsior OWL .

Contributors and Attributions

• Argumentative Essay. Provided by : Excelsior OWL. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/rhetorical-styles/argumentative-essay/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
• Image of a man with a heart and a brain. Authored by : Mohamed Hassan. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : pixabay.com/illustrations/decision-brain-heart-mind-4083469/. License : Other . License Terms : pixabay.com/service/terms/#license

• Ücret Politikası

Essay Ne Demek [17 Essay Türünü Detaylı Açıkladık]

İçindekiler

• 1 Essay Nedir?
• 2.1 Narrative Essay Ne Demek? Narrative Essay Nedir?
• 2.2 Descriptive Essay Ne Demek? Descriptive Essay Nedir?
• 2.3 Classification Essay Ne Demek? Classification Essay Nedir? 
• 2.4 Illustration Essay Ne Demek? Example Essay Nedir? 
• 2.5 Reflective Essay Ne Demek? Reflective Essay Nedir? 
• 2.6 Process Essay Ne Demek? Process Essay Nedir? 
• 2.7 Definition Essay Ne Demek? Definition Essay Nedir? 
• 2.8 Expository Essay Ne Demek? Expository Essay Nedir?
• 2.9 Persuasive Essay Ne Demek? Persuasive Essay Nedir?
• 2.10 Argumentative Essay Ne Demek? Argumentative Essay Nedir?
• 2.11 Opinion Essay Ne Demek? Opinion Essay Nedir? 
• 2.12 Critical Essay Ne Demek? Critical Essay Nedir? 
• 2.13 Cause and Effect Essay Ne Demek? Cause and Effect Essay Nedir? 
• 2.14 Problem Solution Essay Ne Demek? Problem Solution Essay Nedir? 
• 2.15 Compare and Contrast Essay Ne Demek? Compare and Contrast Essay Nedir? 
• 2.16 Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Ne Demek? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Nedir?
• 2.17 Admission Essay Ne Demek? Admission Essay Nedir? 
• 3.1 Expository essay introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion gibi bölümlerden oluşur.
• 3.2 Introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion paragrafları arasında açık ve mantıklı geçişler olmalıdır.
• 3.3 Introduction paragrafından sonra body paragrafları gelir.
• 3.4 Essay yazarken kanıt sunmak önemlidir. 
• 3.5 Biraz yaratıcı olun.
• 3.6 Son olarak, expository essay’i sonlandıran bir conclusion paragrafı yazmalıyız.
• 4.1 Essay nedir?
• 4.2 Expository essay nedir?
• 4.3 Persuasive essay nedir?
• 4.4 Argumentative essay nedir?
• 4.5 Descriptive essay nedir?
• 4.6 Narrative essay nedir?

Essay Nedir?

Essay, bir fikri anlatmak ve bunları kendi sözlerinizle açıklamak için yazılan ve Türkçe’de makale diye karşılık bulan bir yazı parçasıdır. Essay, genellikle, belirli bir sorunu veya soruyu ele almak için fikirleri, kanıtları ve argümanları bir araya getiren bir şekilde yazılır.

Essay, belirli bir yapıda yazılır: Girişte, yani introduction paragrafında, argümanınızı ortaya koyarsınız; ana gövde paragraflarında (yani body paragraflarında) argümanınızı oluşturur ve sunarsınız; ve sonuç paragrafında (yani conclusion paragrafında) thesis statement ile ve argümanınızla essay yazmayı bitirirsiniz.

Essay ne demek, essay nedir, essay nasıl yazılır gibi konularda danışmanlık almak isterseniz sağ altta bulunan mesaj bölümünden, iletişim kısmından ya da [email protected] ’dan bize ulaşabilirsiniz. Essay yazmak istiyorsanız, Essay Sepeti’nin uzman hocalarının sizler için hazırladığı ve essay yazmayı çok kolaylaştıracak essay nasıl yazılır outline PDF’sini ücretsiz indirip siz de essay yazabilirsiniz.

Essay ne demek? Essay nedir?

Essay’lerin tamamlanması zaman alır. Bu zaman boyunca da essay’ler, aşağıdaki yazım aşamalarından geçerler.

• Soru hakkında düşünmek (brainstorm yapmak)
• Konu hakkında araştırmalardan bilgi ve fikir toplamak (background information toplamak)
• Fikirlerinizi organize etmek (essay için bir structure oluşturmak)
• Konu hakkında notlar almak
• İlk taslağı yazmak (outline yazmak)
• Hocanızdan aldığınız feedback ile düzeltmeler yapmak
• Son olarak ise, essay yazmak

Essay Türleri

Essay türleri, yazarın okuyucusuna iletmek istediği şeye bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterir. Essay ne demek diye merak eden bir kişinin bu türleri bilmesi gerekir. Genel olarak dört tür makale vardır ve bunlar da aşağıdaki ilk dört makale türü olarak verilmiştir. Ama bunun yanı sıra ondan fazla çokça bilinen ve yaygın olarak kullanılan makale türleri de vardır. Bunlar şu şekildedir:

Narrative Essay Ne Demek? Narrative Essay Nedir?

Narrative essay, yazarın essay yoluyla bir olayı veya hikayeyi anlattığı akademik makale türüdür. Narrative essay, öyküsünü birinci şahıs ile anlatılır. Narrative essay yazarken amaç, okuyucuyu olay anında oradaymış gibi makaleye dahil etmektir. Bu yüzden olanlar mümkün olduğunca canlı ve gerçek bir şekilde anlatılmalıdır. Bunu mümkün kılmanın bir yolu, “göster, söyleme” ilkesini takip etmektir. Bu yüzden okuyucuyu hikayeye dahil etmelisiniz.

Essay ne demek diye merak eden birinin görebileceği ilk essay türlerinden biri narrative essay türüdür. Deneyimsiz kişiler tarafından yazılması da kolaydır.

Descriptive Essay Ne Demek? Descriptive  Essay Nedir?

Descriptive essay bir yeri, bir nesneyi, bir olayı ya da belki bir anıyı betimleyen akademik makale türüdür. Ama yazar, sadece olayları açık bir şekilde anlatmakla kalmamalıdır. Yazar, sözleriyle bir resim çizmelidir. Bunu yapmanın akıllıca bir yolu, okuyucunun duyularını uyandırmaktır. Yazar, sadece görmeye duyusuna hitap etmemelidir; aynı zamanda diğer koku, dokunma, ses vb. duyuları da dahil etmelidir.

İyi yazıldığında, descriptive essay, okuyucuya yazarın o anda ne hissettiği etkili bir şekilde anlatır.

Classification Essay Ne Demek? Classification Essay Nedir? 

Classification essay, ortak özelliklere sahip fikirleri, karakterleri veya nesneleri belirli gruplar veya kategoriler halinde sınıflandıran akademik bir makale türüdür.

Yazar, classification essay yazarken şeyi kategoriler halinde düzenlemeli ve her kategoride yer alan nesneler, olaylar veya kişiler hakkında örnekler vermelidir. Örneğin, bilgisayarlar hakkında bir classification essay yazmak istiyorsanız, body paragraflarınızın her biri farklı bir bilgisayar türünün özelliklerini ele almalıdır.

Başka bir deyişle, classification essay yazarken her grup kendine özgü tanımlayıcı özelliklere sahip olmalıdır. Bu nedenle, classification essay açıklamalar ve örnekleri destekleyici ayrıntılar ve kanıtlar kullanır. Açıklamalar, farklı özelliklerin tanımlanmasını sağlar. Örnekler, her kategorideki öğelerin veya üyelerin okuyucuya tanıtılmasında kullanılır. 

Illustration Essay Ne Demek? Example Essay Nedir? 

Illustration essay, bir konu hakkında örnekler vermek ve konuyu açıklamak için yazılan bir akademik makale türüdür. Illustration essay, exemplification essay olarak da bilinir. Illustration essay yazarken yazar, ampirik verileri derler ve konu ile ilgili olan tanımlara makalede yer verir.

Bu akademik makale türünde yazar yeni bir şeyi keşfetmez, sadece konuyu açıklığa kavuşturan örnekler vererek konu ile ilgili deneyimleri özetler. Bu örnekler, bir illustration essay’i iyi yapan kısımlardır.

Bu essay türünde yazar duygulara veya keşiflere odaklanmaz. Yazar, örnekleri bulgular ile açıklar. Bulguların bir örnekler silsilesi ile açıklanması zorunludur. 

Reflective Essay Ne Demek? Reflective Essay Nedir? 

Reflective essay, yazarın yaşamdaki deneyimlerini incelediği bir akademik makale türüdür. Yazar deneyimleri hakkında okuyucusunu bilgilendirir ve bu deneyimlerle nasıl değiştiğini, geliştiğini veya büyüdüğünü okuyucusuna aktarır.

Reflective essay formatı, okuyucunun kim olduğuna ve hangi derste yazıldığına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Örneğin, üniversitelerin hazırlık sınıflarında reflective essay, yazarın bir gününün nasıl geçtiğini ve o günde ne öğrendiğini içerirken akademik bir reflective essay derste öğrenilen bir konu üzerine karşılaştırmalar içerebilir.

Process Essay Ne Demek? Process Essay Nedir? 

“Nasıl yapılır” denemesi olarak da bilinen process essay, yazar tarafından bir süreci anlatmak için yazılan akademik bir makale türüdür. Process essay, okuyucun konuyu iyice kavraması için süreci adım adım ve açıkça anlatır.

Process essay, paragrafların adım adım bir mantık bütünü içerisinde ve birbirini tamamlayan bölümler halinde ilerlemesiyle yazılır. Process essay’de ilk adım ikinciyi etkiler, ikinci adım da üçüncüyü etkiler. Her adım kendinden bir önceki adımı daha ileriye götürür ve tüm süreç anlatılana kadar bu debam eder. Process essay yazarken özlü ve verimli kalmak önemlidir. Ancak process essay yazmaya başlamadan önce süreci iyice kavramalı ve yazmaya bundan sonra başlamalısınız.

Definition Essay Ne Demek? Definition Essay Nedir? 

Definition essay, okuyucuya bir terimi, fikri veya kavramı açıklamak için yazılan akademik bir makale türüdür. Definition essay tipik olarak expository essay şeklinde yazılır ve yazılan terimin hem tanımını hem de analizini içerir. 

Definition essay, bir terimi, kavramı veya fikri açıklamak için yazılır. Basit bir sözlük tanımıyla başlasanız da, makaleniz nihayetinde genişletilmiş bir tanım içerecektir.

Expository Essay Ne Demek?  Expository Essay Nedir?

Expository essay öğrencinin bir fikri araştırmalar sonucunda tarafsız olarak sunduğu akademik makale türüdür. Expository essay yazabilmek için yazarın konu hakkında gerçek ve kapsamlı bilgiye sahip olması gerekir. Expository bir essay türünde yazarın duygularına yer yoktur. Tamamen gerçeklere, istatistiklere, örneklere vb. dayanmalıdır.

Argumentative essay , cause and effect essay , contrast essay, opinion essay expository essay alt türleri olarak kabul edilirler. Bu türler hakkında çok basit bir dille yazılmış detaylı bilgileri adım adım öğrenmek için linklere tıklayabilirsiniz. Essay ne demek diye araştıran birinin ilk göreceği essay türü expository essay türüdür.

Expository essay nedir?

Persuasive essay ne demek persuasive essay nedir.

Persuasive essay, okuyucuyu ikna etmeyi amaçlayan akademik bir yazı parçasıdır. Persuasive essay, yalnızca gerçeklerin bir sunumu değil, okuyucuyu yazarın bakış açısına ikna etme girişimidir. Argümanın her iki tarafı da bu persuasive essay türünde sunulmalıdır. Ancak nihai amaç, okuyucuları yazarın argümanının daha doğru olduğuna ikna etmektir.

Persuasive essay nedir?

Argumentative essay ne demek argumentative essay nedir.

Argumentative essay, yazarın tartışmalı bir konuda tartışmanın bir tarafını seçerek seçtiği tarafı kanıtlarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla savunmasını amaç edinen akademik bir makale türüdür.

Argumentative essay yazan bir öğrenci, görüşmeler, anketler, gözlemler veya deneyler ile veri toplayıp bu bilgileri makalesinde kullanabilir. Bu ayrıntılı araştırma, öğrencinin konu hakkında bilgi edinmesine ve konuyla ilgili farklı bakış açılarını anlamasına olanak tanır, böylece bir öğrenci tartışmalı konuda savunacağı fikri seçebilir ve araştırma sırasında toplanan kanıtlarla bu fikri destekleyebilir. İlgili araştırmanın miktarı veya türü ne olursa olsun, argumentative essay net bir tez oluşturmalı ve sağlam bir mantık örgüsü ile desteklenmelidir.

Argumentative essay nedir?

Opinion essay ne demek opinion essay nedir .

Opinion essay, yazarın bir konu hakkındaki fikirlerini araştırmalar, örnekler ve kanıtlarla destekleyip okuyucusuna aktardığı akademik bir makale türüdür. Diğer essay türlerinden farklı olarak, opinion essay mutlak somut gerçeklere dayanması gerekmez; bunun yerine, yazarın görüşlerinin ikna edici argümanlarla destekleyebilmesi koşuluyla, yalnızca yazarın görüşüne dayanabilir.

Opinion essay, agree or disagree essay olarak da bilinir. Opinion essay herhangi bir konuda yazarın konu üzerindeki fikrini öğrenmek için üniversite hocaları tarafından talep edilebilir. Opinion essay üniversitelerde üzerine en çok essay yazılan akademik makale türlerinden biridir.

Critical Essay Ne Demek? Critical Essay Nedir? 

Critical essay, bir metni analiz eden, yorumlayan, eleştiren ve/veya değerlendiren bir akademik yazı biçimidir. Critical essay yazan bir yazar, ele aldığı metni belirli bir bakış açısı ile yorumlar ya da eleştirir. 

Critical essay, eleştirel okuma, eleştirel düşünme ve eleştirel yazma becerilerini birleştiren bir akademik makale türüdür. Critical essay’de yazar, bir edebiyat parçasını, bir akademik makaleyi veya bir sanat eserini ele alır ve yazarın veya sanatçının noktalarını eleştirel bir biçimde analiz eder. Bu tür bir essay, mantıksal akıl yürütme metotlarına bağlı kalarak ve destekleyici kanıtlar sunarak yazarın tezine, argümanına ve bakış açısına odaklanır ve bunları değerlendirir.

Cause and Effect Essay Ne Demek? Cause and Effect Essay Nedir? 

Cause and effect essay, iki konu arasındaki neden ve sebep ilişkilerini ele alan bir tartışmacı makale türüdür. Cause and effect essay türü, bir kişinin, durumun, fikrin veya olayın başka bir kişiyi, durumu, fikri veya olayı doğrudan nasıl etkilediğini gösterir.

Üniversitelerde, öğretmenler eleştirel düşünmeyi, sebep sonuç ilişkilerini açıklamayı ve ikna edici yazılar yazmayı öğretmek için cause and effect essay yazdırabilir. Cause and effect essay, bir laboratuvar raporu özeti, bilimsel bir vaka çalışması veya bilimsel bir araştırma makalesi şeklinde yazılabilir çünkü bunlar bir sürecin nasıl geliştiğini sebep ve sonuç ilişkisi açısından açıklayan makale türleridir. Tüm bu formatlarda, yazar bir olayı tanımlar, sebep ve sonuçlarını belirlemeye çalışır.

Problem Solution Essay Ne Demek? Problem Solution Essay Nedir? 

Problem solution essay, yazarın bir sorunu ele aldığı ve kanıtlarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla bu soruna bir çözüm aradığı akademik makale türüdür. Problem solution essay yazarken yazar günümüzde çokça gördüğümüz bir sorun üzerine makalesinde bir veya birden fazla çözümler üreterek bu sorunu etkili bir şekilde çözmeye çalışır.

Problem solution essay, belirli bir problemi ortaya koyan ve onu çözmenin farklı yollarını arayan akademik yazı parçalarıdır. Problem solution essay dört temel bileşenden oluşur: bir durum, sorun, çözümü ve çözümün değerlendirmesi. Durum genellikle girişin bir parçası olarak tanımlanırken, değerlendirme yazının son bölümünde sonuç paragrafında verilir. Problem solution essay, yapıları çok benzer olduğu için cause and effect essay türüne çok benzer.

Essay ne demek, essay nedir diye araştıran biri kendi sorununa çözüm aramaktadır. Bu problemin çözümü ise Essay Sepeti’dir 🙂

Compare and Contrast Essay Ne Demek? Compare and Contrast Essay Nedir? 

Compare and contrast essay, iki konu arasında karşılaştırma yapabilmemizi sağlayan bir akademik makale türüdür. Adından da anlaşıldığı gibi, compare and contrast essay, tartışılan konunun bazı yönlerden benzer, bazı yönlerden farklı olduğunu okuyucusuna göstermeyi amaçlar.

Compare and contrast essay, aynı makaledeki iki konuyu yan yana koyarak onları karşılaştırmanıza olanak tanır. Bu, tez cümlelerinin, konu cümlelerinin ve betimleyici detayların her iki konuyu da kapsaması gerektiği anlamına gelir.

Compare and contrast essay eleştirel düşünmeyi gerektirir. İyi bir compare and contrast essay yazmak için, verilen konular arasındaki ilişkiyi iyi bir şekilde analiz etmek ve savunduğunuz fikri kaynaklarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla desteklemeniz gerekir. İyi bir compare and contrast essay, güncel olaylar, tartışmalı fikirler, siyasi teoriler, seyahat yerleri veya ürünler hakkında bilgi verebilir.

Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Ne Demek? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Nedir?

Advantages and disadvantages essay türü, yazarın belirli bir konunun olumlu ve olumsuz yanlarını ortaya koyduğu ve daha sonra da fikrini belirttiği akademik makale türüdür. Burada olumlu yanlar avantajları, olumsuz yanlar da dezavantajları sembolize eder.

Dezavantaj ve avantaj arasındaki fark şudur: dezavantaj zayıflık veya istenmeyen bir özellikler iken; avantajların, özellikle başarı için elverişli olan herhangi bir koşulu, durumu, fırsatı, aracı veya istenen herhangi bir amacı belirtir.

Admission Essay Ne Demek? Admission Essay Nedir? 

Bazen statement of purpose veya personal statement olarak da adlandırılan admission essay, genellikle üniversiteye veya yüksek lisansa başvuran aday öğrenci tarafından yazılmış bir akademik makale ve adayın okula başvuru beyanıdır. Admission essay, üniversite ve yüksek lisans kabul sürecinin önemli bir parçasıdır.

Bazı üniversitelere veya yüksek lisans programlarına başvurular, bir veya daha fazla admission essay’in yazılmasını gerektirebilirken, diğer üniversiteler veya yüksek lisans programları bu makaleleri isteğe bağlı veya tamamlayıcı olarak talep edebilir. Admission essay, çok spesifik konularda olabileceği gibi açık uçlu cevaplar halinde de talep edilebilir.

Essay Ne Demek – Essay Nasıl Yazılır?

Daha önce detaylı olarak anlattığımız essay nasıl yazılır konusu, kısaca okuyanların merakını gidermek için bu bölümde anlatılacaktır. İsteyenler essay nasıl yazılır makalemizi okuyup detaylı bir şekilde öğrenebilirler. Essay ne demek sorusunun cevabını öğrendikten sonra büyük ihtimalle sorularacak soru essay nasıl yazılır olacaktır. Bu bölümde expository essay nasıl yazılır kısaca değineceğiz. 

Expository essay, öğrencinin bir fikri araştırmasını, kanıtları değerlendirmesini, fikir üzerinde açıklama yapmasını ve bu fikirle ilgili bir argümanı açık ve özlü bir şekilde ortaya koymasını gerektiren bir deneme türüdür. Bu, karşılaştırma ve karşıtlık, tanım, örnek, neden-sonuç analizi vb. yoluyla gerçekleştirilebilir.

Expository essay introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion gibi bölümlerden oluşur.

Introduction paragrafı, essay’in ilk paragrafındır ve thesis statement ile son bulur. Thesis statement’ten önce konu hakkında kısaca bilgi verdiğimiz bir background information bölümünü de unutmamak gerekir. Thesis statement ise essay’de savunduğumuz fikrin bir özetidir.

Bu thesis statement’in, esssay’de belirtilen yönergeleri takip etmek için uygun şekilde daraltılması önemlidir. Öğrenci, essay’in bu bölümünde ustalaşmazsa, etkili veya ikna edici bir essay yazmak oldukça zor olacaktır. Thesis statement nasıl yazılır öğrenmek için tıklayabilirsiniz.

Introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion paragrafları arasında açık ve mantıklı geçişler olmalıdır.

Geçişler yani transition’lar, essay’in temelini bir arada tutan harçtır. Düşüncenin mantıksal ilerlemesi olmadan, okuyucu essay’in argümanını takip edemez ve yapı çöker.

Introduction paragrafından sonra body paragrafları gelir.

Her body paragrafı bir genel fikrin açıklanmasıyla sınırlı olmalıdır. Bu, makale boyunca netlik ve yön sağlayacaktır. Dahası, bu kısalık, kişinin hedef kitlesi için bir okunabilirlik kolaylığı yaratır. Essay’in gövdesindeki (body’sindeki) her paragrafın, introduction paragrafındaki thesis statement ile mantıklı bir bağlantısı olması gerektiğini belirtmek önemlidir. Essay ne demek, essay nedir sorusundan sonra sıkça sorulan diğer bir sorunun yanıtı için İngilizce paragraf örnekleri makalemize tıklayabilirsiniz.

Essay yazarken kanıt sunmak önemlidir. 

Expository essay türleri, yani argumentative essay, cause and effect essay, opinion essay gibi essay türlerinde fikirlerimizi kanıtlara dayandırmak önemlidir. Kanıtlara dayanmayan fikirler akademik essay parçalarında yazılamazlar. Onun için okulunuzun database’lerinden fikirlerinizi savunan kanıtlar bulmanız önemlidir.

Biraz yaratıcı olun.

Yaratıcılık ve ustalık her zaman essay yazmakla ilişkilendirilmese de, yine de bir sanat biçimidir. Unutmayın, bir sonraki harika romanı hazırlamıyor olsanız da, essay’inizi değerlendiren öğretmenlerinizden iyi bir not almaya çalıştığınız için essay’inizde yaratı olmanız ve ilginç kanıtları bir araya getirmeniz önemlidir.

Son olarak, expository essay’i sonlandıran bir conclusion paragrafı yazmalıyız.

Thesis statement’imizi basitçe yeniden ifade edip, konu hakkında bulduğumuz ilgi çekici ve önemli kısımları yazıp essay’imizi bitirebiliriz.

Öğrencilerin kaçınılmaz olarak mücadele etmeye başlayacakları makalenin bu noktasındadır. Conclusion paragrafı, essay’in okuyucunun zihninde en hızlı izlenimi bırakacak kısmıdır. Bu nedenle, etkili ve mantıklı olmalıdır. Conclusion paragrafına yeni bir bilgi eklenmemelidir; daha ziyade, makalenin body paragraf’larında sunulan bilgileri derlenmeli ve bir sonuca varılmalıdır.

Buraya kadar okuduysanız size bir kıyağımız var 🙂 Anlamadığınız kısımları bu yazının altına sorabilirsiniz. Bekliyoruz.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Essay nedir.

Essay, okuyucuyu bilgilendirmek veya bir fikre ikna etmek için yazılan, giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşan ve Türkçe’de makale diye karşılık bulan kısa yazı parçasıdır.

Expository essay, yazarın bir fikri araştırmalar sonucunda elde ettiği bilgi ile tarafsız olarak okuyucusuna sunduğu akademik bir makale türüdür. Yazar, expository essay yazarken duygularından ve yargılarından arınarak sadece araştırmalarında bulduğu ve bilimsel olarak desteklenmiş gerçekleri yazar. Expository essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Persuasive essay, yazarın okuyucusunu ikna etmek için yazdığı akademik bir makale türüdür. Persuasive essay sadece bilimsel gerçekleri değil, yazarın kişisel görüşlerini de içeren bir İngilizce makale türüdür. Persuasive essay, essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Argumentative essay, yazarın belirli bir konu hakkındaki karşıt görüşler arasından birini seçip o görüşü kanıtlarla ve örneklerle karşıt görüşe karşı savunan akademik bir makale türüdür. Argumentative essay, essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Descriptive essay nedir?

Descriptive essay, bir yeri, bir nesneyi, bir olayı ya da belki bir anıyı betimleyen İngilizce akademik makale türüdür. Descriptive essay yazarken yazar okuyucunun gözünde olayı, nesneyi ya da anıyı bir resim gibi çizerek okuyucunun bunları gözünde canlandırmasını sağlar. Descriptive essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşur..

Narrative essay nedir?

Narrative essay, yazarın okuyucusuna kendi bakış açısından bir hikayeyi anlattığı makale türüdür. Narrative essay’de yazar diğer akademik makale türlerinin aksine yaratıcı öğeleri ve kişisel deneyimlerini de yazının içine katar. Narrative essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşur.

8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

Rate this article Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published.

Enago Academy's Most Popular Articles

• Reporting Research

How to Effectively Cite a PDF (APA, MLA, AMA, and Chicago Style)

The pressure to “publish or perish” is a well-known reality for academics, striking fear into…

• AI in Academia
• Trending Now

Using AI for Journal Selection — Simplifying your academic publishing journey in the smart way

Strategic journal selection plays a pivotal role in maximizing the impact of one’s scholarly work.…

• Career Corner

Recognizing the signs: A guide to overcoming academic burnout

As the sun set over the campus, casting long shadows through the library windows, Alex…

• Diversity and Inclusion

Reassessing the Lab Environment to Create an Equitable and Inclusive Space

The pursuit of scientific discovery has long been fueled by diverse minds and perspectives. Yet…

Simplifying the Literature Review Journey — A comparative analysis of 6 AI summarization tools

Imagine having to skim through and read mountains of research papers and books, only to…

How to Optimize Your Research Process: A step-by-step guide

How to Improve Lab Report Writing: Best practices to follow with and without…

Digital Citations: A comprehensive guide to citing of websites in APA, MLA, and CMOS…

Sign-up to read more

Subscribe for free to get unrestricted access to all our resources on research writing and academic publishing including:

• 2000+ blog articles
• 50+ Webinars
• 10+ Expert podcasts
• 50+ Infographics
• 10+ Checklists
• Research Guides

We hate spam too. We promise to protect your privacy and never spam you.

I am looking for Editing/ Proofreading services for my manuscript Tentative date of next journal submission:

What should universities' stance be on AI tools in research and academic writing?

BibGuru Blog

Be more productive in school

• Citation Styles

How to write an argumentative essay

The argumentative essay is a staple in university courses, and writing this style of essay is a key skill for students across multiple disciplines. Here’s what you need to know to write an effective and compelling argumentative essay.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay takes a stance on an issue and presents an argument to defend that stance with the intent of persuading the reader to agree. It generally requires extensive research into a topic so that you have a deep grasp of its subtleties and nuances, are able to take a position on the issue, and can make a detailed and logical case for one side or the other.

It’s not enough to merely have an opinion on an issue—you have to present points to justify your opinion, often using data and other supporting evidence.

When you are assigned an argumentative essay, you will typically be asked to take a position, usually in response to a question, and mount an argument for it. The question can be two-sided or open-ended, as in the examples provided below.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts:

Two-sided Question

Should completing a certain number of volunteer hours be a requirement to graduate from high school? Support your argument with evidence.

Open-ended Question

What is the most significant impact that social media has had on this generation of young people?

Once again, it’s important to remember that you’re not just conveying facts or information in an argumentative essay. In the course of researching your topic, you should develop a stance on the issue. Your essay will then express that stance and attempt to persuade the reader of its legitimacy and correctness through discussion, assessment, and evaluation.

The main types of argumentative essays

Although you are advancing a particular viewpoint, your argumentative essay must flow from a position of objectivity. Your argument should evolve thoughtfully and rationally from evidence and logic rather than emotion.

There are two main models that provide a good starting point for crafting your essay: the Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

The Toulmin Model

This model is commonly used in academic essays. It mounts an argument through the following four steps:

• Make a claim.
• Present the evidence, or grounds, for the claim.
• Explain how the grounds support the claim.
• Address potential objections to the claim, demonstrating that you’ve given thought to the opposing side and identified its limitations and deficiencies.

As an example of how to put the Toulmin model into practice, here’s how you might structure an argument about the impact of devoting public funding to building low-income housing.

• Make your claim that low-income housing effectively solves several social issues that drain a city’s resources, providing a significant return on investment.
• Cite data that shows how an increase in low-income housing is related to a reduction in crime rates, homelessness, etc.
• Explain how this data proves the beneficial impact of funding low-income housing.
• Preemptively counter objections to your claim and use data to demonstrate whether these objections are valid or not.

The Rogerian Model

This model is also frequently used within academia, and it also builds an argument using four steps, although in a slightly different fashion:

• Acknowledge the merits of the opposing position and what might compel people to agree with it.
• Draw attention to the problems with this position.
• Lay out your own position and identify how it resolves those problems.
• Proffer some middle ground between the two viewpoints and make the case that proponents of the opposing position might benefit from adopting at least some elements of your view.

The persuasiveness of this model owes to the fact that it offers a balanced view of the issue and attempts to find a compromise. For this reason, it works especially well for topics that are polarizing and where it’s important to demonstrate that you’re arguing in good faith.

To illustrate, here’s how you could argue that smartphones should be permitted in classrooms.

• Concede that smartphones can be a distraction for students.
• Argue that what teachers view as disruptions are actually opportunities for learning.
• Offer the view that smartphones, and students’ interest in them, can be harnessed as teaching tools.
• Suggest teaching activities that involve smartphones as a potential resource for teachers who are not convinced of their value.

It’s not essential to adhere strictly to one model or the other—you can borrow elements from both models to structure your essay. However, no matter which model of argumentation you choose, your essay will need to have an outline that effectively presents and develops your position.

How to outline and write an argumentative essay

A clear and straightforward structure works best for argumentative essays since you want to make it easy for your reader to understand your position and follow your arguments. The traditional essay outline comprises an introductory paragraph that announces your thesis statement, body paragraphs that unfold your argument point by point, and a concluding paragraph that summarizes your thesis and supporting points.

Introductory paragraph

This paragraph provides an overview of your topic and any background information that your readers will need in order to understand the context and your position. It generally concludes with an explicit statement of your position on the topic, which is known as your thesis statement.

Over the last decade, smartphones have transformed nearly every aspect of our lives, socially, culturally, and personally. They are now incorporated into almost every facet of daily life, and this includes making their way into classrooms. There are many educators who view smartphones with suspicion and see them as a threat to the sanctity of the classroom. Although there are reasons to regard smartphones with caution, there are ways to use them responsibly to teach and educate the next generation of young minds. Indeed, the value they hold as teaching tools is nearly unlimited: as a way to teach digital literacy, to reach students through a medium that is familiar and fun for them, and to provide a nimble and adaptable learning environment.

Body paragraphs

Most argumentative essays have at least three body paragraphs that lay out the supporting points in favor of your argument. Each paragraph should open with a topic sentence that presents a separate point that is then fleshed out and backed up by research, facts, figures, data, and other evidence. Remember that your aim in writing an argumentative essay is to convince or persuade your reader, and your body paragraphs are where you present your most compelling pieces of information in order to do just that.

The body of your essay is also where you should address any opposing arguments and make your case against them, either disproving them or stating the reasons why you disagree. Responding to potential rebuttals strengthens your argument and builds your credibility with your readers.

A frequent objection that teachers have to smartphones in the classroom is that students use them to socialize when they should be learning. This view overlooks the fact that students are using smartphones to connect with each other and this is a valuable skill that should be encouraged, not discouraged, in the classroom. A 2014 study demonstrated the benefits of providing students with individual smartphones. Sanctioned smartphone use in the classroom proved to be of particular importance in improving educational outcomes for low-income and at-risk students. What’s more, learning apps have been developed specifically to take advantage of the potential of smartphones to reach learners of various levels and backgrounds, and many offer the ability to customize the method and delivery of lessons to individual learner preferences. This shows that the untapped potential of smartphones is huge, and many teachers would do well to consider incorporating them into their classrooms.

Your concluding paragraph wraps up your essay by restating your thesis and recapping the arguments you presented in your body paragraphs. No new information should be introduced in your conclusion, however, you may consider shifting the lens of your argument to make a comment on how this issue affects the world at large or you personally, always keeping in mind that objectivity and relevance are your guiding principles.

Smartphones have a growing place in the world of education, and despite the presence of legitimate concerns about their use, their value as teaching tools has been clearly established. With more and more of our lives going digital and with the growing emphasis on offering distance learning as an option, educators with an eye to the future won't wait to embrace smartphones and find ways to use them to their fullest effect. As much time and space as we could devote to weighing the pros and cons of smartphones, the fact is that they are not going to disappear from our lives, and our best bet is to develop their, and our students', potential.

Frequently Asked Questions about argumentative essays

Your argumentative essay starts with an introductory paragraph. This paragraph provides an overview of your topic and any background information that your readers will need in order to understand the context and your position.

Like any traditional essay, the argumentative essay consists of three parts:

• Introduction

There are do's and don'ts in argumentative writing. This article summarizes some of them well - you should, for example, avoid coming to an argument based on feelings, without any evidence. Everything you say needs to be backed up by evidence, unless you are the renowned expert in the field.

Yes, you can start your argumentative essay with a question or with a thesis statement. Or you can do both - ask a question and then immediately answer it with a statement.

There are contrasting views on that. In some situations it can make sense to end your argumentative essay with a question - for example, when you want to create room for further discussions or want the reader to leave thinking about the question.

Make your life easier with our productivity and writing resources.

For students and teachers.

Argumentative Essay Examples to Inspire You (+ Free Formula)

Table of contents

Meredith Sell

Have you ever been asked to explain your opinion on a controversial issue? 

• Maybe your family got into a discussion about chemical pesticides
• Someone at work argues against investing resources into your project
• Your partner thinks intermittent fasting is the best way to lose weight and you disagree

Proving your point in an argumentative essay can be challenging, unless you are using a proven formula.

Argumentative essay formula & example

In the image below, you can see a recommended structure for argumentative essays. It starts with the topic sentence, which establishes the main idea of the essay. Next, this hypothesis is developed in the development stage. Then, the rebuttal, or the refutal of the main counter argument or arguments. Then, again, development of the rebuttal. This is followed by an example, and ends with a summary. This is a very basic structure, but it gives you a bird-eye-view of how a proper argumentative essay can be built.

Writing an argumentative essay (for a class, a news outlet, or just for fun) can help you improve your understanding of an issue and sharpen your thinking on the matter. Using researched facts and data, you can explain why you or others think the way you do, even while other reasonable people disagree.

Free AI argumentative essay generator > Free AI argumentative essay generator >

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an explanatory essay that takes a side.

Instead of appealing to emotion and personal experience to change the reader’s mind, an argumentative essay uses logic and well-researched factual information to explain why the thesis in question is the most reasonable opinion on the matter.  

Over several paragraphs or pages, the author systematically walks through:

• The opposition (and supporting evidence)
• The chosen thesis (and its supporting evidence)

At the end, the author leaves the decision up to the reader, trusting that the case they’ve made will do the work of changing the reader’s mind. Even if the reader’s opinion doesn’t change, they come away from the essay with a greater understanding of the perspective presented — and perhaps a better understanding of their original opinion.

All of that might make it seem like writing an argumentative essay is way harder than an emotionally-driven persuasive essay — but if you’re like me and much more comfortable spouting facts and figures than making impassioned pleas, you may find that an argumentative essay is easier to write. 

Plus, the process of researching an argumentative essay means you can check your assumptions and develop an opinion that’s more based in reality than what you originally thought. I know for sure that my opinions need to be fact checked — don’t yours?

So how exactly do we write the argumentative essay?

How do you start an argumentative essay

First, gain a clear understanding of what exactly an argumentative essay is. To formulate a proper topic sentence, you have to be clear on your topic, and to explore it through research.

Students have difficulty starting an essay because the whole task seems intimidating, and they are afraid of spending too much time on the topic sentence. Experienced writers, however, know that there is no set time to spend on figuring out your topic. It's a real exploration that is based to a large extent on intuition.

6 Steps to Write an Argumentative Essay (Persuasion Formula)

Use this checklist to tackle your essay one step at a time:

1. Research an issue with an arguable question

To start, you need to identify an issue that well-informed people have varying opinions on. Here, it’s helpful to think of one core topic and how it intersects with another (or several other) issues. That intersection is where hot takes and reasonable (or unreasonable) opinions abound. 

I find it helpful to stage the issue as a question.

For example: 

Is it better to legislate the minimum size of chicken enclosures or to outlaw the sale of eggs from chickens who don’t have enough space?

Should snow removal policies focus more on effectively keeping roads clear for traffic or the environmental impacts of snow removal methods?

Once you have your arguable question ready, start researching the basic facts and specific opinions and arguments on the issue. Do your best to stay focused on gathering information that is directly relevant to your topic. Depending on what your essay is for, you may reference academic studies, government reports, or newspaper articles.

‍ Research your opposition and the facts that support their viewpoint as much as you research your own position . You’ll need to address your opposition in your essay, so you’ll want to know their argument from the inside out.

2. Choose a side based on your research

You likely started with an inclination toward one side or the other, but your research should ultimately shape your perspective. So once you’ve completed the research, nail down your opinion and start articulating the what and why of your take. 

What: I think it’s better to outlaw selling eggs from chickens whose enclosures are too small.

Why: Because if you regulate the enclosure size directly, egg producers outside of the government’s jurisdiction could ship eggs into your territory and put nearby egg producers out of business by offering better prices because they don’t have the added cost of larger enclosures.

This is an early form of your thesis and the basic logic of your argument. You’ll want to iterate on this a few times and develop a one-sentence statement that sums up the thesis of your essay.

Thesis: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with cramped living spaces is better for business than regulating the size of chicken enclosures.

Now that you’ve articulated your thesis , spell out the counterargument(s) as well. Putting your opposition’s take into words will help you throughout the rest of the essay-writing process. (You can start by choosing the counter argument option with Wordtune Spices .)

Counterargument: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with too small enclosures will immediately drive up egg prices for consumers, making the low-cost protein source harder to afford — especially for low-income consumers.

There may be one main counterargument to articulate, or several. Write them all out and start thinking about how you’ll use evidence to address each of them or show why your argument is still the best option.

3. Organize the evidence — for your side and the opposition

You did all of that research for a reason. Now’s the time to use it. 

Hopefully, you kept detailed notes in a document, complete with links and titles of all your source material. Go through your research document and copy the evidence for your argument and your opposition’s into another document.

List the main points of your argument. Then, below each point, paste the evidence that backs them up.

If you’re writing about chicken enclosures, maybe you found evidence that shows the spread of disease among birds kept in close quarters is worse than among birds who have more space. Or maybe you found information that says eggs from free-range chickens are more flavorful or nutritious. Put that information next to the appropriate part of your argument. 

Repeat the process with your opposition’s argument: What information did you find that supports your opposition? Paste it beside your opposition’s argument.

You could also put information here that refutes your opposition, but organize it in a way that clearly tells you — at a glance — that the information disproves their point.

Counterargument: Outlawing the sale of eggs from chickens with too small enclosures will immediately drive up egg prices for consumers.

BUT: Sicknesses like avian flu spread more easily through small enclosures and could cause a shortage that would drive up egg prices naturally, so ensuring larger enclosures is still a better policy for consumers over the long term.

As you organize your research and see the evidence all together, start thinking through the best way to order your points.  

Will it be better to present your argument all at once or to break it up with opposition claims you can quickly refute? Would some points set up other points well? Does a more complicated point require that the reader understands a simpler point first?

Play around and rearrange your notes to see how your essay might flow one way or another.

4. Freewrite or outline to think through your argument

Is your brain buzzing yet? At this point in the process, it can be helpful to take out a notebook or open a fresh document and dump whatever you’re thinking on the page.

Where should your essay start? What ground-level information do you need to provide your readers before you can dive into the issue?

Use your organized evidence document from step 3 to think through your argument from beginning to end, and determine the structure of your essay.

There are three typical structures for argumentative essays:

• Make your argument and tackle opposition claims one by one, as they come up in relation to the points of your argument - In this approach, the whole essay — from beginning to end — focuses on your argument, but as you make each point, you address the relevant opposition claims individually. This approach works well if your opposition’s views can be quickly explained and refuted and if they directly relate to specific points in your argument.
• Make the bulk of your argument, and then address the opposition all at once in a paragraph (or a few) - This approach puts the opposition in its own section, separate from your main argument. After you’ve made your case, with ample evidence to convince your readers, you write about the opposition, explaining their viewpoint and supporting evidence — and showing readers why the opposition’s argument is unconvincing. Once you’ve addressed the opposition, you write a conclusion that sums up why your argument is the better one.
• Open your essay by talking about the opposition and where it falls short. Build your entire argument to show how it is superior to that opposition - With this structure, you’re showing your readers “a better way” to address the issue. After opening your piece by showing how your opposition’s approaches fail, you launch into your argument, providing readers with ample evidence that backs you up.

As you think through your argument and examine your evidence document, consider which structure will serve your argument best. Sketch out an outline to give yourself a map to follow in the writing process. You could also rearrange your evidence document again to match your outline, so it will be easy to find what you need when you start writing.

5. Write your first draft

You have an outline and an organized document with all your points and evidence lined up and ready. Now you just have to write your essay.

In your first draft, focus on getting your ideas on the page. Your wording may not be perfect (whose is?), but you know what you’re trying to say — so even if you’re overly wordy and taking too much space to say what you need to say, put those words on the page.

Follow your outline, and draw from that evidence document to flesh out each point of your argument. Explain what the evidence means for your argument and your opposition. Connect the dots for your readers so they can follow you, point by point, and understand what you’re trying to say.

As you write, be sure to include:

1. Any background information your reader needs in order to understand the issue in question.

2. Evidence for both your argument and the counterargument(s). This shows that you’ve done your homework and builds trust with your reader, while also setting you up to make a more convincing argument. (If you find gaps in your research while you’re writing, Wordtune Spices can source statistics or historical facts on the fly!)

Get Wordtune for free > Get Wordtune for free >

3. A conclusion that sums up your overall argument and evidence — and leaves the reader with an understanding of the issue and its significance. This sort of conclusion brings your essay to a strong ending that doesn’t waste readers’ time, but actually adds value to your case.

6. Revise (with Wordtune)

The hard work is done: you have a first draft. Now, let’s fine tune your writing.

I like to step away from what I’ve written for a day (or at least a night of sleep) before attempting to revise. It helps me approach clunky phrases and rough transitions with fresh eyes. If you don’t have that luxury, just get away from your computer for a few minutes — use the bathroom, do some jumping jacks, eat an apple — and then come back and read through your piece.

As you revise, make sure you …

• Get the facts right. An argument with false evidence falls apart pretty quickly, so check your facts to make yours rock solid.
• Don’t misrepresent the opposition or their evidence. If someone who holds the opposing view reads your essay, they should affirm how you explain their side — even if they disagree with your rebuttal.
• Present a case that builds over the course of your essay, makes sense, and ends on a strong note. One point should naturally lead to the next. Your readers shouldn’t feel like you’re constantly changing subjects. You’re making a variety of points, but your argument should feel like a cohesive whole.
• Paraphrase sources and cite them appropriately. Did you skip citations when writing your first draft? No worries — you can add them now. And check that you don’t overly rely on quotations. (Need help paraphrasing? Wordtune can help. Simply highlight the sentence or phrase you want to adjust and sort through Wordtune’s suggestions.)
• Tighten up overly wordy explanations and sharpen any convoluted ideas. Wordtune makes a great sidekick for this too 😉

Words to start an argumentative essay

The best way to introduce a convincing argument is to provide a strong thesis statement . These are the words I usually use to start an argumentative essay:

• It is indisputable that the world today is facing a multitude of issues
• With the rise of ____, the potential to make a positive difference has never been more accessible
• It is essential that we take action now and tackle these issues head-on
• it is critical to understand the underlying causes of the problems standing before us
• Opponents of this idea claim
• Those who are against these ideas may say
• Some people may disagree with this idea
• Some people may say that ____, however

When refuting an opposing concept, use:

• These researchers have a point in thinking
• To a certain extent they are right
• After seeing this evidence, there is no way one can agree with this idea
• This argument is irrelevant to the topic

Are you convinced by your own argument yet? Ready to brave the next get-together where everyone’s talking like they know something about intermittent fasting , chicken enclosures , or snow removal policies? 

Now if someone asks you to explain your evidence-based but controversial opinion, you can hand them your essay and ask them to report back after they’ve read it.

Share This Article:

Finding the OG Writing Assistant – Wordtune vs. QuillBot

What’s a Split Infinitive? Definition + When to Avoid It

Preparing for Graduate School: 8 Tips to Know

Looking for fresh content, thank you your submission has been received.

If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser.

Praxis Core Writing

Course: praxis core writing   >   unit 1, argumentative essay | quick guide.

• Source-based essay | Quick guide
• Revision in context | Quick guide
• Within-sentence punctuation | Quick guide
• Subordination and coordination | Quick guide
• Independent and dependent Clauses | Video lesson
• Parallel structure | Quick guide
• Modifier placement | Quick guide
• Shifts in verb tense | Quick guide
• Pronoun clarity | Quick guide
• Pronoun agreement | Quick guide
• Subject-verb agreement | Quick guide
• Noun agreement | Quick guide
• Frequently confused words | Quick guide
• Conventional expressions | Quick guide
• Logical comparison | Quick guide
• Concision | Quick guide
• Adjective/adverb confusion | Quick guide
• Negation | Quick guide
• Capitalization | Quick guide
• Apostrophe use | Quick guide
• Research skills | Quick guide

Argumentative essay (30 minutes)

• states or clearly implies the writer’s position or thesis
• organizes and develops ideas logically, making insightful connections between them
• clearly explains key ideas, supporting them with well-chosen reasons, examples, or details
• displays effective sentence variety
• clearly displays facility in the use of language
• is generally free from errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
• organizes and develops ideas clearly, making connections between them
• explains key ideas, supporting them with relevant reasons, examples, or details
• displays some sentence variety
• displays facility in the use of language
• states or implies the writer’s position or thesis
• shows control in the organization and development of ideas
• explains some key ideas, supporting them with adequate reasons, examples, or details
• displays adequate use of language
• shows control of grammar, usage, and mechanics, but may display errors
• limited in stating or implying a position or thesis
• limited control in the organization and development of ideas
• inadequate reasons, examples, or details to explain key ideas
• an accumulation of errors in the use of language
• an accumulation of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
• no clear position or thesis
• weak organization or very little development
• few or no relevant reasons, examples, or details
• frequent serious errors in the use of language
• frequent serious errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
• contains serious and persistent writing errors or
• is incoherent or
• is undeveloped or
• is off-topic

How should I build a thesis?

• (Choice A)   Kids should find role models that are worthier than celebrities because celebrities may be famous for reasons that aren't admirable. A Kids should find role models that are worthier than celebrities because celebrities may be famous for reasons that aren't admirable.
• (Choice B)   Because they profit from the admiration of youths, celebrities have a moral responsibility for the reactions their behaviors provoke in fans. B Because they profit from the admiration of youths, celebrities have a moral responsibility for the reactions their behaviors provoke in fans.
• (Choice C)   Celebrities may have more imitators than most people, but they hold no more responsibility over the example they set than the average person. C Celebrities may have more imitators than most people, but they hold no more responsibility over the example they set than the average person.
• (Choice D)   Notoriety is not always a choice, and some celebrities may not want to be role models. D Notoriety is not always a choice, and some celebrities may not want to be role models.
• (Choice E)   Parents have a moral responsibility to serve as immediate role models for their children. E Parents have a moral responsibility to serve as immediate role models for their children.

How should I support my thesis?

• (Choice A)   As basketball star Charles Barkley stated in a famous advertising campaign for Nike, he was paid to dominate on the basketball court, not to raise your kids. A As basketball star Charles Barkley stated in a famous advertising campaign for Nike, he was paid to dominate on the basketball court, not to raise your kids.
• (Choice B)   Many celebrities do consider themselves responsible for setting a good example and create non-profit organizations through which they can benefit youths. B Many celebrities do consider themselves responsible for setting a good example and create non-profit organizations through which they can benefit youths.
• (Choice C)   Many celebrities, like Kylie Jenner with her billion-dollar cosmetics company, profit directly from being imitated by fans who purchase sponsored products. C Many celebrities, like Kylie Jenner with her billion-dollar cosmetics company, profit directly from being imitated by fans who purchase sponsored products.
• (Choice D)   My ten-year-old nephew may love Drake's music, but his behaviors are more similar to those of the adults he interacts with on a daily basis, like his parents and teachers. D My ten-year-old nephew may love Drake's music, but his behaviors are more similar to those of the adults he interacts with on a daily basis, like his parents and teachers.
• (Choice E)   It's very common for young people to wear fashions similar to those of their favorite celebrities. E It's very common for young people to wear fashions similar to those of their favorite celebrities.

Want to join the conversation?

• Upvote Button navigates to signup page
• Downvote Button navigates to signup page
• Flag Button navigates to signup page

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, how to write an a+ argumentative essay.

Miscellaneous

You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look.

A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long.

But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We'll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started.

What Is an Argumentative Essay? How Is it Different from Other Kinds of Essays?

There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence.

Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement.

Essays can be roughly divided into four different types:

#1: Argumentative #2: Persuasive #3: Expository #4: Analytical

So let's look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays.

Argumentative Essay

Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first.

An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance.

An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim , rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources , whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not.

You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence.

Example topics of an argumentative essay:

• "Should farmers be allowed to shoot wolves if those wolves injure or kill farm animals?"
• "Should the drinking age be lowered in the United States?"
• "Are alternatives to democracy effective and/or feasible to implement?"

The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay.

Persuasive Essay

Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one.

Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer's side of a given issue.

Instead of being forced to use "pure" reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader's emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn't necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument.

Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one—the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present.

Example topics of a persuasive essay:

• "Should children be responsible for their parents' debts?"
• "Should cheating on a test be automatic grounds for expulsion?"
• "How much should sports leagues be held accountable for player injuries and the long-term consequences of those injuries?"

Expository Essay

An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme , or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea.

This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other.

Example topics of an expository essay:

• "The History of the Philadelphia Liberty Bell"
• "The Reasons I Always Wanted to be a Doctor"
• "The Meaning Behind the Colloquialism ‘People in Glass Houses Shouldn't Throw Stones'"

Analytical Essay

An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea . These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level.

This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed) .

Example topics of an analytical essay:

• "Victory Gin in Place of Water: The Symbolism Behind Gin as the Only Potable Substance in George Orwell's 1984"
• "Amarna Period Art: The Meaning Behind the Shift from Rigid to Fluid Poses"
• "Adultery During WWII, as Told Through a Series of Letters to and from Soldiers"

There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all.

A Typical Argumentative Essay Assignment

The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims . As for the essay topic , you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a "general" topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature.

But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim—a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides—using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on).

This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word "should," as in:

• "Should all students be required to learn chemistry in high school?"
• "Should children be required to learn a second language?"
• "Should schools or governments be allowed to ban books?"

These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one.

But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well:

• "Does using social media do more to benefit or harm people?"
• "Does the legal status of artwork or its creators—graffiti and vandalism, pirated media, a creator who's in jail—have an impact on the art itself?"
• "Is or should anyone ever be ‘above the law?'"

Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another—for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others—your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall , social media is beneficial or overall , social media is harmful.

If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., "How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?" or "Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?"), then it's an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims.

Good Argumentative Essay Topics

So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about?

Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics . If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay.

What makes a "good" argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest —it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate.

As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions—for or against, yes or no, and why . For example, it's pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another—not a whole lot of debate there for most people!—but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument.

A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources . So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you're arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that's probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material.

And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics.

101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics

301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing

Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing

[Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.]

KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer.

Argumentative Essay Format

Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements:

• A position (your argument)
• Your reasons
• Supporting evidence for those reasons (from reliable sources)
• Counterargument(s) (possible opposing arguments and reasons why those arguments are incorrect)

If you're familiar with essay writing in general, then you're also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure . This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five.

The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay.

An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like:

Paragraph 1: Intro

• Set up the story/problem/issue
• Thesis/claim

Paragraph 2: Support

• Reason #1 claim is correct
• Supporting evidence with sources

Paragraph 3: Support

• Reason #2 claim is correct

Paragraph 4: Counterargument

• Explanation of argument for the other side
• Refutation of opposing argument with supporting evidence

Paragraph 5: Conclusion

• Re-state claim
• Sum up reasons and support of claim from the essay to prove claim is correct

Now let's unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why.

Paragraph 1—Set Up and Claim

Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they'll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss.

Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It's not an argumentative essay unless you're arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement.

Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., "Washington DC is the capital of the United States"). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., "New York should be the capital of the United States").

Paragraphs 2 and 3—Your Evidence

These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence .

The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores.

For example, if you're arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does.

Your argument can't simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree.

In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal . Even though you're writing your argument from a single opinion, don't use first person language—"I think," "I feel," "I believe,"—to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you're already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice.

For example,

"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."

"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."

The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical.

Paragraph 4—Argument for the Other Side and Refutation

Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial.

By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you're allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you've given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side.

Paragraph 5—Conclusion

This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it's the best claim.

Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay.

Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton)

Argumentative Essay Example: 5-Paragraph Style

It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5.

Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties?

Paragraph 1

It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.

The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about.

The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever." )

Paragraphs 2 and 3

Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called "cognitive dissonance." Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties—stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger's When Prophesy Fails . Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth's destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they see and what they've been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice.

But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country's government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar system--in opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011)-- Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt t o maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, h e sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and published his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms).

These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons.

The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research.

The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true.

Paragraph 4

Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere's knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot—though he denies it—chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Arthur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot's ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it.

Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true.

The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action.

Paragraph 5

Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other.

The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay: 8 Steps

Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps:

#1: Preliminary Research

If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate.

Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are.

Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there's enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support.

#2: Pick Your Side and Form Your Thesis

Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement.

Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you're on, that you've stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay .

#3: Heavy-Duty Research Time

You've taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now's the time to actually read those sources and take notes.

Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar , the Directory of Open Access Journals , or JStor . You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that's easy to find later.

And don't forget to check your school or local libraries as well!

#4: Outline

Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section.

Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories.

Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you've got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning?

By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don't get too trigger-happy and skip this step.

Now that you've laid out exactly what you'll need for your essay and where, it's time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out.

Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you've already laid out all the groundwork; now you're just filling in the gaps.

If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay . Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw.

Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes—you're just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?)

If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft.

Once you've made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft.

#7: Final Draft

Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you're satisfied with the final result.

A checklist for your final draft:

• Formatting is correct according to your teacher's standards
• No errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation
• Essay is the right length and size for the assignment
• The argument is present, consistent, and concise
• Each reason is supported by relevant evidence
• The essay makes sense overall

#8: Celebrate!

Once you've brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you're done! Go you!

Be prepared and ♪ you'll never go hungry again ♪, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios)

Good Examples of Argumentative Essays Online

Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action.

Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!).

The Use of Landmines

A Shattered Sky

The Take-Aways: Keys to Writing an Argumentative Essay

At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park.

Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced . Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.

What's Next?

Now you know the ins and outs of an argumentative essay, but how comfortable are you writing in other styles? Learn more about the four writing styles and when it makes sense to use each .

Understand how to make an argument, but still having trouble organizing your thoughts? Check out our guide to three popular essay formats and choose which one is right for you.

Ready to make your case, but not sure what to write about? We've created a list of 50 potential argumentative essay topics to spark your imagination.

Courtney scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT in high school and went on to graduate from Stanford University with a degree in Cultural and Social Anthropology. She is passionate about bringing education and the tools to succeed to students from all backgrounds and walks of life, as she believes open education is one of the great societal equalizers. She has years of tutoring experience and writes creative works in her free time.

Student and Parent Forum

Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com , allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. Ask questions; get answers.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

Improve With Our Famous Guides

• For All Students

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points

How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section:

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading

Score 800 on SAT Writing

Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section:

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading

Score 600 on SAT Writing

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For?

15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points

How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section:

36 on ACT English

36 on ACT Math

36 on ACT Reading

36 on ACT Science

Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section:

24 on ACT English

24 on ACT Math

24 on ACT Reading

24 on ACT Science

What ACT target score should you be aiming for?

ACT Vocabulary You Must Know

ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide

Should you retake your SAT or ACT?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep?

Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here:

GRE Online Prep Blog

GMAT Online Prep Blog

TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Holly R. "I am absolutely overjoyed and cannot thank you enough for helping me!”

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Argumentative Essay Nasil Yazilir Outline- Essay Sepeti

Bu outline'ı kullanarak argumentative essay yazabilirsiniz. Argumentative essay nasıl yazılır, argumentative essay ornekleri nelerdir, argumentative essay kalıpları nelerdir gibi sorularınıza https://essaysepeti.com/argumentative-essay sayfasından cevap alabilirsiniz. Uzman hocalarımız tarafından yazılmış tamamen ücretsiz olan makalemizi okuyup makalemizden öğrendiklerinizi bu outline'ı kullanarak essay'e dökebilirsiniz.

Related Papers

Gizela Horvath , Krisztina Bernath , Iza Györgyjakab

The Argumentation panel deals with the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation, with the formal validity nd rationality of arguments, as well as coherence and normativity. The Political Rhetoric section has a broad spectrum of topics, such as visual rhetoric, immigrants and strangers, human rights and symbolic power, democracy and conflict. Educational Debate tackles the thorny issue of making argumentation and critical thinking easy to grasp for students, and the art of developing debate clubs as learning spaces. Aesthetics and online rhetoric are concerned with the rhetoric of absence in art and the visual presence in multimedia context, both secular and religious. A new, interactive web-based communication is reshaping the way argumentation and rhetoric are enacted in public spaces.

fitrah ramadhan

Nur Cholila

this paper is about some examples of "how to argue/receive" the statement especially on IELTS preparation based on my experience

International Conference on Science and Education (IConSE)

Kevser Bozkurt

The aim of the study is to review argumentation related studies published between 2007 and 2017 and conducted on Turkish primary school students’ science learning based on some predefined categories. By doing this, we think to provide a summary of findings for the related studies and show gaps in this area to provide suggestions for the related stakeholders. For this aim, we reviewed 43 studies in which 22 of them were master and doctoral thesis, 20 of them were journal articles and one of them was conference presentation. All of the studies were used argumentation as a way to support primary level students’ learning outcomes. During the analysis of the studies, descriptive analysis was used to provide a summary of the studies, and then thematic analysis was used to displayed information about the year, type, topic, aim, method, sampling, context, results and suggestions of the analyzed studies. The results of the analysis showed that studies mostly published during 2014 and 2016 years, mostly focused on 8th grade students, experimental design frequently preferred, and looked for the impact of argumentation on students’ academic achievement, attitudes, science process skills and nature of science conceptions. In general, the findings of the analyzed studies showed that argumentation approach increases students’ academic achievements, class participation and socialization of students. These studies also suggested conduction of more longitudinal studies and providing argumentation oriented professional development opportunities for teachers. Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye kapsamında gerçekleştirilen ve ilköğretim öğrencilerinin fen eğitiminde argümantasyon yaklaşımını kullanan 2007-2017 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan akademik çalışmaları farklı araştırma soruları ışığında incelemektir. Bu sayede, araştırmaların ortaya koydukları bulguların ve eksik kalan noktaların belirlenmesi ve ulaşılan sonuçlar temelinde ilgili paydaşlara tavsiyelerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda 2007-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen, örneklemini ilköğretim öğrencilerinden alan fen eğitiminde argümantasyon yaklaşımını kullanan erişime açık 22 tez, 20 makale ve 1 bildiri olmak üzere 43 çalışma farklı veri tabanlarından elde edilerek incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların incelenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemlerinden öncelikle betimsel içerik analizi kullanılarak genel bir özetleme yapılmış, daha sonra tematik içerik analizi (meta sentez) yapılarak çalışmalar yıl, tür, konu, amaç, yöntem, örneklem, bağlam, boylam, sonuç ve öneri yönleriyle incelenmiştir. Bulgulara bakıldığında; çalışmaların 2014 ve 2016 yıllarında yoğunlaştığı; daha çok 8. sınıf öğrencileri ile araştırma yapıldığı; deneysel desenlerin daha çok tercih edildiği, akademik başarı, tutum, bilimsel süreç becerileri ve bilimin doğası anlayışlarına etkisinin gibi yapıların yoğun çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Genel olarak argümantasyon odaklı seçilen stratejilerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına olumlu katkı sağladığı, sınıf içi etkileşimi artırdığı, sosyalleşmeyi ve buna bağlı becerileri geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda diğer araştırmacılar için daha uzun süreli araştırmalar yapılması gerektiğinin ve öğretmenlere hizmet içi eğitimler verilmesinin önerildiği görülmüştür. Anahtar sözcükler: Argümantasyon, Yaparak yazarak bilim öğrenme, Bilimsel tartışma

Ilze Kacane , Oksana Kovzele

The contemporary age of information has initiated an in-depth research on the phenomenon of argumentation, markedly manifested in the field of journalism and political science. A verbal phrase interacting with a non-verbal communication directly and indirectly influences the development of the target-audience's thinking and standpoint system. Taking into account the socialization function of argumentation, the peculiarities of the process, during which the influence of the informant's opinion and personal thought on the information recipient is exerted, unfold in the diverse expression forms of argumentation art (speech, lecture, report, interview, dispute, polemics, discussion, dialogue etc.). Within the context of argumentation art mastery, the possibilities of approximating the opinions and minimizing disagreements are to be analyzed, as well as the risk of increasing the conflict between the disagreeing sides involved in argumentation is to be weighed up, in case manipulation has been used. The ability to argue and convincingly voice one's standpoint was already characteristic of ancient philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Seneca a.o.), but the artistic texts of various national literatures, too, have characters who actively participate in sharing their opinions and attitudes, debate on various socially important themes and existing values. The discussions of this kind often provide the basis for a philosophic essay in a dialogue form. In it, the person providing arguments expresses and defends one's own standpoint, enters into polemics with the recipient of arguments, thereby deleting the one-way scheme and transforming a passive participant of the communication process into an active one. Although essay is an inter-genre narrative having changeable contours and has been little studied by literary theory, yet the components of philosophy, history, rhetoric, criticism, biography, autobiography, journalism, psychology etc. are present in it. Unlike canonized literary genres, essay has a certain " minus-form " with a non-linear orientation of thoughts, anti-logic and heterogeneous content. This opens up for the author a greater opportunity to express his system of standpoints, thereby avoiding controversies and polemics, which often lead the sides involved in argumentation to a conflict, and advancing towards discussion and dialogue as forms of reconciliation and tolerance. The paper is concerned with the analysis of argumentation principles in dialogue-form essays of writers belonging to different epochs, which allows revealing the specificity and means of persuasion art in a literary discourse in a contrastive aspect.

Şöhret Şengüden Kütük

John Corcoran

Corcoran, J. 1989. Argumentations and Logic. Argumentation 3: 17-43 Argumentations are at the heart of the deductive and the hypothetico-deductive methods, which are involved in attempts to reduce currently open problems to problems already solved. These two methods span the entire spectrum of problem-oriented reasoning from the simplest and most practical to the most complex and most theoretical, thereby uniting all objective thought whether ancient or contemporary, whether humanistic or scientific, whether normative or descriptive, whether concrete or abstract. Analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and function of argumentations are described. Perennial philosophic problems, epistemic and ontic, related to argumentations are put in perspective. So much of what has been regarded as logic is seen to be involved in the study of argumentations that logic may be usefully defined as the systematic study of argumentations, which is virtually identical to the quest of objective understanding of objectivity. KEY WORDS: hypothesis, theorem, argumentation, proof, deduction, premise-conclusion argument, valid, inference, implication, epistemic, ontic, cogent, fallacious, paradox, formal, validation. “Argumentations and Logic” has been used in courses at University of Barcelona, Bryn Mawr College, University of Buffalo, Buffalo State College, State University of Campinas, Canisius College, Federal University of Goiás, Fredonia University, Grand Valley State University, University of Lausanne, Niagara University, University of Santiago de Compostela, SUNY Potsdam, and elsewhere. It has been translated into Spanish, Portuguese, and Persian. Insha’Allah, in the fullness of time there will be translations into Chinese and Czech.

Topic 1 Smoking in public places should be banned. What is your viewpoint, do you agree or disagree? Writing Ban on smoking in places is not only justified but also imperative. Many countries are realizing the dangers of passive smoking and are coming up with measures to curb the problems popping up with the passive smoking. Medical science has fully supported the dangers of potential passive smoking. To illustrate my point I will like to cite the fact that most of the people die due to cigarette smoking which contains nicotine. Inveterate smokers pack up themselves with lung and oral cancer rather than from natural causes. Government is squandering astronomical sums for the treatment of pulmonary cancers and educating the populace from the dangers of smoking. The imposition of high taxes on nicotine based products has already been done to restrain this habit. The debatable point is that to what extent these steps have been succeeded to dissuade the smokers. Cigarette smoking not only pollutes the air but also make non-smokers inhale the stale smoke imperiling their health too. Ingrained smokers are not destroying their own health but also of others. The main critical issue in this respect is that is anyone (child or adult) safe from passive smoking. The doom of asthmatics, pregnant women can we well imagined too. Some smokers argue that banning smoking in public places is direct impingement of their human rights but this line is futile because right to smoking is not absolute, but right to life is. Many persons unintentionally take up smoking by watching others; thereby unleash the smoke in public places. This is what they call fashion. Thus it is imperative to impose appropriate laws as it will not only prevent non-smokers from falling victim to the dangers of passive smoking, but also directly benefit the diehard smokers who would then have no choice but to curtail their smoking habit.

Kenan DİKİLİTAŞ , Ercan yılmaz

Adverbs require a great deal of effort to be mastered, and even the most advanced users of that language have difficulty in using them correctly (Narita&Sugiura, 2006; Peacock, 2010; Lei, 2012; Leedham & Cai, 2013). The purpose of this study is to find out to what extent relatively high proficiency level EFL learners use different types of adverbs in their argumentative essays. For this purpose, a group of students who have previously taken an academic writing course are selected. To collect the data, a guided writing activity is applied in the target language. The data is analyzed quantitatively by taking the frequency of adverb use. The results show that EFL learners tend to use degree adverbs more than any other semantic category of adverbs. They also tend to overuse adverbs in their academic writing and use adverbs that are not appropriate in the academic prose. It is implied that there is a need for systematic explicit instruction of L2 adverbs and for raising learners' awareness in the meanings and functions of adverbs in L2 writing. İngilizce Yabanci Dil Öğrencilerinin Tartışmacı Yazılarında Zarfları Kullanmaları Öz: Zarf kullanımında ustalaşmak çok çaba gerektirmektedir ve o dilin en gelişmiş kullanıcıları bile onların kullanımında zorluk çekmektedir (Narita & Sugiura, 2006; Peacock, 2010; Lei, 2012; Leedham & Cai, 2013). Bu araştırmanın amacı nispeten yüksek yabacı dil yeterliliğine sahip olan İngilizce yabancı dil öğrencilerin tartışmacı metin yazılarında ne ölçüde farklı zarf türleri kullandıklarını öğrenmektir. Bu maksatla, daha önceki eğitim yaşamlarında akademik yazma becerisi üzerine bir ders almış olan bir grup öğrenci seçilmiştir. Verileri elde etmek için, öğrencilere hedef dilde yönlendirilmiş bir yazma etkinliği uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, veriler zarfların kullanım sıklığına bakarak nicel olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, İngilizce yabancı dil öğrencilerinin derece zarfları geriye kalan tüm söz bilimsel zarf kategorilerinden daha çok kullandıklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, öğrenciler akademik yazılarında zarfları fazla kullanma eğilimi göstermekte ve akademik yazı biçimine uymayan zarflar kullanmaklar. İkinci dildeki zarfların sistemli ve net bir şekilde öğretimine ve bu zarfların ikinci dil yazılarındaki anlam ve kullanımları konusunda öğrenci bilincinin arttırılmasına ihtiyaç olduğunu belirtilmiştir.

Premise: Journal of English Education

Dedi Turmudi

This study investigates the written test results of the Indonesian undergraduate students’ argumentative essay. For that reason, three research questions are made. 1). what is the level of achievement of the students in the argumentative essay quantitatively? 2). what aspects of an essay appear in respect to the argumentative essay generic structure as formulated? 3). how well did they use the rhetoric reputation and argument in their essay?. 27 handwriting' answer sheets of undergraduate English Department students enrolled at semester four of a state university in Indonesia were taken purposively. The data analysis uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results show that the students quantitatively achieved average score 76,74 which means good. All parts of generic structures were expressed in different quality. However; the organization of the essay is the lowest part compared to the other four parts respectively content, vocabulary, and language use seen from th...

RELATED PAPERS

Media & viestintä

Minttu Tikka

Tanattha Kittisopee

Environmental Management

Robbie Robinson

Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan

ASYHARINUR PITALOKA

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Ester Gomes

sindy hanifah

Susan Rivera

Digestive and Liver Disease

Monica Arena

Jurnal Kimia VALENSI

dede sukandar

Computer Graphics Forum

Martti Mäntylä

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Arxiv preprint arXiv:1011.1412

Emmanuel Lhuillier

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

Jurnal Riset Informatika

P17310223070 AMANDA TERTIA SALSABILA

Fábio Verruck

AKSELERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional

Muhammad Cahya Ramadhani

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

Applied Sciences

Maksim Bano

Social Science Research Network

Po-Hsuan Hsu

Zahid Shahab Ahmed

The American University journal of gender, social policy & the law

Sara Medina

Evandro Bona

Bellaterra Journal of Teaching & Learning Language & Literature

Osman Solmaz

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024