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An In-Depth Exploration of the Australian Education System

Posted 5 February 2024 Student Experience Study in Australia

The Australian Education System is known for its high-quality and comprehensive education structure. It is divided into several levels, each having its own characteristics and focusing on critical thinking, creativity, communication and ethical understanding. 

The Australian government regulates education in Australia through various agencies, like the Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority (ACARA) and the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA), to ensure that quality and standards are maintained. Here is an overview of the education system:

• Early/preschool childhood education starts at the age of 5 or 6. It is mandatory, though, but is highly recommended. Pre-school education focuses on early socialization and basic learning skills. 
• Primary and Secondary education is compulsory for all students. The education system has a well-structured curriculum that includes subjects like English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. The curriculum aims to provide equal knowledge and skills to every learner. 
• Tertiary education involves universities, vocational education and training (VET Institutions), and technical and further education (TAFE) colleges. The education system offers diverse choices and options across every discipline for higher education. In addition, the universities in Australia aim to provide students with the desired knowledge, attitude, skills, and reflective capabilities, which will help them secure their future contributing to society.

Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF)

The Australian Qualifications Framework is the national policy introduced by the Australian Government to regulate training and educational qualifications in the country in 1995. It aims to incorporate capabilities from each education and training sector to form a comprehensive national qualifications framework. 

Study Levels in Australia

The main objective of Australian Levels in Australia is to establish pathways to formal education. The national policy includes ten levels of education, which are as follows -

AQF comprises three main categories, which refer to primary, secondary, and tertiary education. The primary and secondary education represents school education. At the same time, tertiary education means postsecondary education, which includes higher (university level) and vocational training and education.

School Education in Australia

Vocational education and training in australia.

Vocational education and training in Australia is a study that crafts you to obtain a specific skill or knowledge in various fields and careers. It can be an ideal career choice for international students who want to pursue practical and industry-based skills. 

VET Courses in Australia are offered by privately registered training organizations (RTO), community education centres, and TAFE institutions that the government finances. VET certifications range across four levels: certificate I, II, III, and IV, along with diploma and advanced diploma programs.

Technical and Further Education (TAFE)

TAFE Institutes are government-funded colleges offering courses in vocational learning. The colleges offer programs similar to VET, focusing on practical and job-oriented training. Some of the TAFE institutions in Australia are associated mainly with reputed universities, enabling them to certify students with bachelor’s degrees on completion of the course.

Higher Education in Australia

Higher education in Australia comprises bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs in various specializations. It refers to the tertiary education. There are over 41 universities in the country, some ranking in the top globally, and they attract many international students to pursue their higher education. 

Group of Eight (Go8)

The Group of Eight includes Australia’s most research-intensive universities. It influences growth, delivers long-term, sustainable national higher education and research policies, and creates elite international alliances and research partnerships. According to the Times Higher  Education World University Rankings 2024, six of Australia’s universities ranked in the top 100. 

These universities include:

• The University of Melbourne
• The Australian National University
• The University of Sydney
• The University of Queensland
• The University of Western Australia
• The University of Adelaide
• Monash University
• UNSW University

Public Universities

The government funds these universities. It includes universities that specialize in research and regional universities. The quality of education and assisted facilities provided are top-notch. Some of the top-ranking public universities in Australia include:

• Flinders University
• University of New Castle
• Southern Cross University
• Charles Darwin University

Private Universities

Australian Private Universities offer various short-term courses in different streams. There are three private universities:

• Bond University
• Torrens University Australia
• University of Notre Dame Australia

Pathway Programs

Pathway Programs are an integral part of the Australian Education System that allows flexibility for students to study at the best institutions. The pathway programs are designed to offer academic knowledge and English language skills to meet the entry requirements of a university. 

For example, suppose someone has completed the 12th class in India and wants to pursue a career in Australia but doesn’t meet the requirements for a desired qualification. In that case, they can opt for pathway programs, such as a diploma in the related stream, and eventually advance to the second year of a bachelor’s degree in their desired course of study. 

Postgraduate Study

A postgraduate study  is a degree or qualification taken after an undergraduate course/program. It is a higher degree that includes master’s and doctoral degrees. A student can do postgraduate in various fields, like business and management, healthcare, hospitality, science, arts, etc. 

A master’s degree has three formats - master’s degree (coursework), master’s degree (research), and master’s degree (extended). On the other hand, a doctoral degree has two formats - a  research doctorate (PhD) and a professional doctorate .

Fee Structure

The average fee structure for international students ranges from $20,000 to $30,000 per year. However, it may depend on the course type, duration, and other factors. To know more about the cost of living in Australia, speak to an  SI-Australia consultant . 

Academic Intakes

Australia offers two significant annual intakes- February/March and July/August. However, some universities provide admissions in November or December. The February intake is the most popular for international students as it opens various courses and programs. 

English Language Training

Since Australia is an English-speaking country, all the instructions are in English. Therefore, it’s essential to stay proficient in the language. If you lack proficiency, you can enrol in an English language course before starting a program. Australia owns over 1,000 private training centres. 

Facts About Australian Higher Education

Australia is famous for its higher education. Here are some facts and figures about the country that will help you understand the Australian Education System for International Students much better:

• According to a survey by the Department of Education, 90% of the students are satisfied with the standard of Australian education and their living experiences
• The proportion of male and female students is equal in most Australian universities
• Australia is the third most popular study-abroad destination after the United States of America and the United Kingdom. 
• The approximate density of full-time international students is 70.4%
• Australia ranks 7th with the best education, with an education index of 0.92
• 90% of the graduates get employed after finishing their degree in Australia

The Australian Education System strives to provide its students with the best education. It ensures that every student gains skills and knowledge in their career choices. The government constantly runs through the policies and regulations to provide its students with the maximum benefits of STEM skills.

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What is so special about the Australian Education System?

The best thing about the Australian Education System is that it allows students to enrol in vocational courses and training programs that let them skip university education and directly opt for job opportunities. The courses are skillfully designed to get hands-on practical experience. 

How many levels are there in the Australian Education system?

The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) regulates training and educational qualifications in the Australian Education System. It includes three levels of education- primary, secondary, and tertiary. However, the tertiary level is categorized into ten groups ranging from certificate to master’s degree. 

Why Australia is better for education?

What makes Australia stand out from other countries in education is the quality of learning they provide. The schools, colleges, and universities mainly focus on practical learning with a sense of creativity and overall development in personality. Besides that, it is home to six of the world’s top 100 universities. 

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Australia Education System: Everything You Need To Know

Known for its high standard of living, beautiful sceneries, and Aboriginal culture, Australia is the place to be if you’re planning to study abroad. This diverse and friendly country is home to exceptional schools and a great education system. But how does the educational system of Australia function? Here is everything you need to know.

Table of Contents

How Is the Education System of Australia Structured?

Education in Australia is primarily regulated by the Australian Government and individual State and Territory governments on the private and public levels. Depending on the state and territory, education is compulsory from age six to 15, 16, or 17. 

The Australian education system is structured into four main sectors:

Primary School Education

Junior secondary school education, senior secondary school education, tertiary education.

Primary school education in Australia typically runs for seven or eight years and starts at Foundation programs (kindergarten/preparatory/preschool) until Year 6 or 7. It is compulsory for children to have started primary school by the time they are six years old. This means that they finish primary school by the age of 11 to 12 years old.

Early primary school curriculums focus on developing students’ literacy and numeracy, social skills, and foundational knowledge. The upper primary school focuses on the further development of those skills and includes subjects such as mathematics, English, science, social studies, physical education & health, art and craft, etc.

Depending on the jurisdiction, secondary school education in Australia includes either a combination of middle school (junior secondary) and high school (senior secondary) or high school attendance only. However, most Australian states and territories do not apply the middle school system.

In states and territories whose jurisdiction includes middle schools, such as the Northern Territory (NT), students attend years 7 to 9 in middle school and years 10 to 12 in high school. Junior secondary school education lasts four years and includes years 7 or 8 to 10. 

In states with jurisdictions that include only primary and secondary school education, students finish primary schooling and attend high school (senior secondary school) typically from ages 13 to 18 years old. 

High schools in Australia include subjects in English, Mathematics, Science, and Humanities & Social Sciences. Upon completing senior secondary school education, students receive a Senior Secondary Certificate of Education. The Curriculum, Assessment and Certification Authority (ACACA agency) of each state or territory in Australia is responsible for issuing this certificate. Students who complete high school can also take on Vocational Education and Training (VET) as part of their Senior Secondary Certificate of Education.

Tertiary education in Australia includes higher education (universities) and vocational education and training (VET). 

Vocational Education and Training

The Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualification is an education pathway that is designed to provide students with industry-specific skills and prepare them to join the workforce. This system is supported by the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), which has provided multiple flexible pathways. As part of this program, students can enroll in courses, qualifications, industry-recognized skillsets, and units of competency.

VET qualifications include:

• Certificate I
• Certificate II
• Certificate III 
• Certificate IV
• Diploma courses 
• Advanced Diploma courses

Higher Education

If you’re interested in earning an advanced degree, the higher education sector of Australia offers plenty of opportunities. This type of education involves the completion of formal degrees and leads to earning an academic degree.

University Types

Australia has 43 universities in total, two of which are international and one a private specialty university.

From 40 Australian universities, the ‘ Group of 8 ’ is distinguished as the group of Australia’s world-leading research universities. These universities include:

• The Australian National University
• Monash University
• The University of Adelaide
• The University Melbourne
• UNSW Sydney
• The University of Sydney
• The University of Queensland
• The University of Western Australia

Degree Types

Australian universities offer a number of different qualifications you can obtain and study for, which include:

• The Associate Degree. This is a short-cycle study program with a duration of two years. This degree is often a pathway to a bachelor’s degree or to an Advanced Diploma in a specific industry. An associate degree covers foundational theoretical and practical knowledge that prepares you for employment.
• The Bachelor Degree. An undergraduate degree that lasts three to five years, depending on the program. This type of degree is usually the basic qualification to enter a field of work and deals with teaching the principles and skills you will need in that field. Bachelor’s degree programs are further categorized into Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS or BSc).
• The Bachelor Degree (Honours).   A degree granted to students who perform exceptionally well in their bachelor’s degree program. This degree includes an additional year of studies after completing a bachelor’s degree, so you can graduate with honours (Hons).
• The Graduate Certificate. A certificate that students can obtain after completing their undergraduate program. This type of program lasts about six months and commonly involves topics that expand on previous knowledge and skills gained in a specific area of study.
• The Graduate Diploma. A one-year program completed upon obtaining an undergraduate degree. This qualification intends to teach students how to apply specialized knowledge in different contexts and gain additional skills.
• The Master’s Degree (Coursework). A one-to-two-year program that students undertake after graduating from a bachelor’s degree program. A master’s degree (coursework) involves structured learning, traditional coursework, and some independent research in a specific study area.
• The Master’s Degree (Research). Another type of master’s degree in Australia that lasts about two years. This type of degree is also obtained after a bachelor’s degree, and it involves supervised study and research into a field of study.
• The Doctoral Degree. It is the highest degree offered by Australian universities, and typically takes three to four years to complete. Doctoral degree programs include two categories: the Doctoral Degree (Research) and the Doctoral Degree (Professional).

The research degree leads to the Doctor of Philosophy award and is characterized by an independent supervised study that produces outcomes and findings introduced in a thesis, dissertation, or another form of publication. The professional doctorate involves advanced coursework and research that leads students to gain professional expertise.

Grading System

The grading system in Australian schools varies between different states and territories, as well as individual institutions. In primary and secondary education, most schools apply the A to F grading system, with A being the highest grade and F being the lowest or failing grade. 

Tertiary education institutions in Australia use various grading systems that suit their needs. For example, some universities use High Distinction (HD) as the highest grade name, followed by D for Distinction, CR for Credit, P or PW for Pass, and F for failing i.e. the lowest grade. 

Some universities use a similar grading system, with the addition of Pass 1 (P1) &  Pass 2 (P2) and Fail 1 (F1) & Fail 2 (F2). Some other universities use the A to F grading system, with A being the highest grade and F being the lowest or failing grade.

Australia Education System for International Students

Australia is fairly welcoming toward international students, especially as it faces a harsh labour shortage after the COVID-19 pandemic and consequently switches to a demand-driven immigration system . 

The international student enrolment rate is also expected to grow from 650,000 to 940,000 by 2025, according to the Australian Trade and Investment Commission . And if this news isn’t convincing enough, seven out of other excellent Australian universities made it to the top 100 global universities. 

Considering these incentives and the fact that English is the official and main language of instruction in Australia’s education system, studying in this country is quite a rewarding experience. 

If you’re interested in studying in Australia, you will have to check university entry requirements and how to submit your application , as well as country-specific student visa requirements .

If you’re a student or future student in Australia, you can be confident about receiving a top-notch education due to its successful education system and the various educational resources that are available to students.

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Education in Australia - statistics & facts

Australia’s education system can be broken down into early childhood or preschool, primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Compulsory schooling starts at age six with primary education, which then transitions into secondary education, finishing at the age of 16. However, it is not uncommon for children in Australia to start school at age five and finish around age 18. School attendance rates for compulsory education remained relatively consistent from 2014 to 2019; however, rates dropped following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Following secondary school is two years of further secondary education, which is required to progress onto tertiary education. Tertiary education includes higher education and vocational education and training. While the plans of young Australians after finishing school vary, many aim to go to university. For school leavers to apply for a place at a higher education provider, an Australian Tertiary Admissions Ranking, known as an ATAR, is generally required. An ATAR is a ranking between 0.00 and 99.95, which measures a student's overall academic achievement in comparison to other students in their age group and is received by students at the conclusion of their further secondary studies. Tertiary education providers use ATARs to select students for course admission. The number of people in Australia who hold a bachelor’s level degree or higher has increased significantly over the past decade. However, Australian school-leavers are not the only people studying for degrees at Australia's world-class universities. Australia’s universities are a highly popular choice for international and so-called mature-aged or non-school-leaver students, too. Australia’s major cities are education hubs, with most of the country's universities situated in Sydney, Melbourne, and other capital cities. This may be a reason why young people living in regional and remote areas of Australia are less likely to have a bachelor's degree or higher. According to a 2022 report by the OECD, Australia has some of the highest average tuition fees for master’s programs among OECD countries . Nonetheless, Australia’s tertiary education system is designed to be accessible to all, with fee assistance available to eligible people through the Higher Education Loan Program, known as HELP, to pay their tuition fees. However, Australia’s tertiary education system does not only specialize in university education but also vocational education and training, commonly referred to as VET. Vocational education courses offer alternative qualifications, such as Certificate and Diploma qualifications, and prepare students for the workplace through practical and skills-based learning. Courses for VET qualifications are often shorter than university degrees and are prevalent in industries such as construction, personal services such as hairdressing, and hospitality. Bachelor’s degree graduates in Australia enjoy a relatively high employment rate in the months following graduation. However, a wide range of career paths are available in Australia, and a university education is not essential to secure employment after school. This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text. Show more Published by Statista Research Department , Apr 4, 2024

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Number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children enrolled in a preschool program across Australia as of August 2022, by state or territory

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Primary and secondary education

• Basic Statistic Schools Australia 2010-2022
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• Basic Statistic Primary and secondary schools Australia 2010-2022
• Basic Statistic Primary and secondary schools Australia 2022 by state
• Basic Statistic Government and non-government schools Australia 2010-2022
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Schools Australia 2010-2022

Number of schools in Australia from 2010 to 2022

Schools in Australia 2022 by state

Number of schools in Australia in 2022, by state

Primary and secondary schools Australia 2010-2022

Number of primary and secondary schools in Australia from 2010 to 2022

Number of primary and secondary schools in Australia in 2022, by state

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Average annual school tuition fees per student in Australia in 2022, by school type (in Australian dollars)

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Average annual government primary school tuition fees in Australia in 2022, by state or territory (in Australian dollars)

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Preschool Education

• the number of children aged 4 or 5 years old enrolled in a preschool program was 337,305, a 0.9% increase compared with 2022
• the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 4 or 5 years old enrolled in a preschool program was 22,716, which was 5.6% higher than in 2022
• more than three-quarters (78%) of children enrolled in a preschool program paid $4 or less per hour for preschool programs after subsidies were deducted

In Australia in 2023:

• 4,086,998 students were enrolled in 9,629 schools.
• the Year 7/8 to 12 full-time apparent retention rate was 79.1%.
• the average student to teaching staff ratio for all schools was 13.1 students to one teacher. 

Education and Work, Australia

Of people aged 15-74 years:

• 63% had a non-school qualification
• 80% with a non-school qualification, and 58% without, were employed
• 85% who finished a non-school qualification in 2022 were employed in 2023.

Of people aged 15-24 years:

• 61% were currently studying
• 8% were not engaged in any work or study.

Education and training: Census

Educational attendance

• 484,185 people were attending preschool. 
• 2,075,224 people were attending primary school. 
• 1,629,624 people were attending secondary school. 
• 1,185,450 people were attending university or other higher education. 
• 601,901 people were attending vocational education (including TAFE and private training providers).

Qualifications

• Over 11 million (11,511,655) people in Australia reported having a non-school (vocational or tertiary) qualification, a 19.8 per cent increase since 2016.
• 5.5 million people (5,464,631) reported having a bachelor degree or higher, a 30.7 per cent increase since 2016.
• 4 million people (3,962,732) reported having certificate I to IV, a 10.6 per cent increase since 2016.
• The most common field of study for non-school qualifications was Business and Management (1,144,084 people), followed by Teacher Education (836,410), and Nursing (608,276).
• The fastest growing qualifications were Security Science, now 5,805 people qualified (up 460 per cent since 2016), followed by Artificial Intelligence, now 630 people (up 204 per cent), and Southern Asian Languages, now 670 people (up 123 per cent).

Work-Related Training and Adult Learning, Australia

• 42% of Australians aged 15-74 years had participated in learning in the last 12 months (7.8 million people).
• One in five (21%) were studying for a formal qualification.
• Just under a quarter (23%) did work-related training.
• Online learning was the most common way work-related training was delivered: rates more than doubled from 19% in 2016-17 to 55% in 2020-21.

Qualifications and work

• In 2018-19, 63% of Australians aged 15-64 had a non-school qualification.
• 24% of people had multiple qualifications.
• 83% of people with a qualification had one that was relevant to their job.
• 2.6 million people (16%) had at least one incomplete qualification.

Childhood Education and Care, Australia

Information on children aged 0-12 years and their families, including use of formal and informal care

Education in Australia - from abc to A’s, B’s and C’s

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Why do international students choose to study in Australia?

Research Fellow, Victoria University

Director, Mitchell Institute, Victoria University

Research Officer, Victoria University

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University education for international students is touted as one of “Australia’s most successful exports”.

International education was worth A$36.4 billion to the Australian economy in 2022–23. Many of Australia’s universities also rely on international student fees to fund their research .

But despite this success, COVID border closures showed Australia cannot take international student revenue for granted. Australia also faces ongoing competition for international students from other English-speaking countries as well as rising competition from countries such as China. As the recent Universities Accord final report noted , the international student market is “volatile”.

Our study looks at why international students want to come to Australia. It then suggests ways we can make the international education sector more sustainable.

Read more: We are hurtling towards a million international students in Australia – migration changes will only slow this growth, not stop it

Our paper looked at 46 peer-reviewed studies between 1998 and 2023 that examined why international students choose to come to Australia to study.

From this, we identified 22 “pull” factors that drive international students’ choice of Australia as their tertiary education destination.

The pull factors are those that relate to Australia and which we have some control over.

What we found

The five most frequently reported reasons Australia appealed to students were:

career opportunities and life experiences

quality education and qualification

cost of study and living

migration prospects and policy

reputation of tertiary education institutions and academic staff.

Further analysis showed environmental factors (those related to living in Australia) had more influence on students’ decision-making than academic factors (those related to study).

This means factors such as career and life experiences, a safe environment and a student’s proximity to their home country were more important than a quality education or qualification, or the reputation of an institution.

But the analysis also shows academic factors are still of course important and cannot be ignored.

Our main competitors

Australia needs to be careful to maintain its position as a desirable place for international students to come and spend precious time and money.

The United States and United Kingdom are Australia’s biggest competitors for international students. Both easily outrank Australia in prestigious international university rankings. So it is difficult for Australia to compete with the US and UK on academic terms.

But Australia is facing rising competition in both academic and environmental terms from traditional source countries such as China and Malaysia.

Asian destinations mean students do not have to travel as far from home. More importantly, many Asian universities, particularly in China, are rising in world university rankings.

How does Australia stay competitive?

Australia needs to think carefully about how it will remain competitive and attractive for students. There are four key ways it can do this.

First, it can ensure adequate support for international students to be employable in Australia when they graduate. Australian universities should guarantee international students work experience in their field of study.

Second, there also needs to be a clear migration pathway for international students who graduate and get a relevant job. As the recent migration review noted:

Australia is not focused enough on capturing high-potential international students.

Third, we need to broaden our academic reputation. At the moment, international students are concentrated in some metropolitan universities.

Australia needs to promote the academic and environmental benefits of studying in regional areas. There may be different courses on offer and opportunities to see different parts of Australia. In addition, when studying in regional Australia, international students can earn points towards their skilled visa applications.

Finally, we need to promote pathways between vocational education (such as TAFEs) and universities. At the moment Australia does not do much to promote the possibility of studying at TAFE first and then moving to a university course. We looked at studies that showed some students are deterred by highly competitive university entry schemes. This is especially the case with some Chinese and Vietnamese students who then apply to study in other countries.

By promoting these pathways, Australia can also attract those willing to be trained in areas where there are skills shortages .

Read more: 'Very few companies are open for international students': South Asian graduates say they need specific support to find jobs

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International students compare studying in Australia to their home countries

A good work-life balance and better career prospects have convinced thousands of students from Asia to come and study in Australia.

International students were quick to praise Australia's work culture, saying it allowed them to expand their learning and seek opportunities outside the classroom to develop their careers.

Earlier this month, the Asia-Pacific Association of International Education conference took place in Perth, and students shared their experiences.

Work-life balance

Tsubasa Wada is studying for a Master of Accounting at Murdoch University.

The Japanese student has revelled in Australia's work-life balance culture.

"In Japanese society, it's often considered desirable to devote my time to work in order to earn good money," she said.

"When facing my future, I realised that finding happiness in both work and personal life is essential for me."

Although studying has its challenges, Ms Wada found her life has had more balance in Perth, giving her more fulfilment.

Exploring new opportunities

Sheldon Ying appreciates how Australian students focus on working together instead of competing.

He is studying for a Master of Information Technology at the University of Western Australia and previously worked as a data developer in his home country, China, before returning to university.

He was motivated to pursue a postgraduate degree in Australia to fill the knowledge gaps he found when working at home.

"In Australia, the most important ... characteristic I noticed is the choice we have, different courses," he said.

Having space outside of the classroom has given him time to explore new opportunities through volunteering and community development.

"I think it let me have a better understanding of my role here in Australia," Mr Ying said.

"I feel like I need to adapt to local culture here, for example, volunteer engagement in social networking … which can give me a chance to explore different things."

He joined a network of volunteer coders who have helped various charities improve their online presence.

"My job was to redesign websites for charity, helping those [who have] survived domestic violence," he said.

"Not only did I gain some friendships, but also I combined my professional skills with social responsibility."

The support international students receive is something Mr Ying has greatly appreciated.

Welcoming community

Andre Aquino is studying for a Master of Professional Communication at Edith Cowan University.

Although he hails from the Philippines, he has felt more connected to other cultures by spending time in Australia.

"Australia has a reputation internationally for being a prime educational provider, and so people from different countries come here to study and you get to meet them," he said.

The accommodating nature of Australian culture has also allowed him to engage with different types of people.

"[People] are a lot chattier here than they are back home," he said.

"It's nice for someone who comes from a country or a culture that, I suppose is more insular, you don't talk as much to strangers, to a country where people do talk often to strangers.

"It makes you feel more a part of the community," Mr Aquino said.

Ms Wada has also found the collaborative nature of Australian culture beneficial.

"In Australia, networking and meeting new people is really essential," she said.

"In Japan, I didn't experience that ... because in the education system, we don't have it."

Gaining confidence

Abby Leong recently graduated from Curtin University with a Bachelor of Commerce.

She is from Malaysia and said she gained more independence and confidence to pursue her career goals from studying in Australia.

"The thing that I learned in work [in Australia] is that you have to believe [in] yourself, that you can be built through the work," she said.

"Currently, I'm more likely to encourage myself, if I really liked the job description, no matter how hard it looks, to just go apply for it."

Ms Leong feels a strong sense of freedom in Australia, driven by the community-based learning and support networks available.

"I feel so much freedom here, so much freedom," she said.

"I think when you really put yourself into a situation you can gain [a lot]."

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Australian schools are some of the best in the world, providing education for students from preschool and kindergarten up to grade 12.

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A well-rounded education, folder_special.

From Kindergarten to Year 12, Australian schools focus on excellence across key learning areas, including English, mathematics, science, humanities and social sciences, the arts, languages other than English, technologies, and health and physical education.

Skills taught include communication, teamwork, and personal development. The school curriculum aims to develop students into independent and successful learners with respect for themselves, their peers and global society.

The school system

A complete Australian school education spans 13 years and includes:   

• Foundation: also called preschool, preparatory school, or kindergarten is for children aged 3-5 years of age
• Primary school:  is from grades 1-6 and is compulsary
• Secondary school:  or high school is from grades 7-10 and is compulsary
• Senior secondary school:  or senior secondary college is from grades 11-12

There are different types of schools in Australia, including:  

• government (public) and non-government (private or independent) schools 
• faith-based schools (e.g. Catholic or Islamic schools) 
• schools that cater for students with special needs 
• schools that cater for different age groups and study levels (e.g. primary schools and high schools) 
• schools that are based on educational philosophies (e.g., Montessori and Steiner schools). 

Students can also study the Australian curriculum in other countries at Australian international schools. These schools have teachers who are trained and qualified in the Australian curriculum and follow the same academic standards as those in Australia.

School qualifications

Australian tertiary admission rank (atar).

When completing senior secondary school (Years 11 and 12), students sit for exams, receive an official certificate of senior secondary qualification and receive an ATAR score. The score indicates the ranking of a student's academic results in relation to others in their year group. The ATAR score is used by universities for entry into higher education courses. Find out more about the ATAR

Senior Secondary Certificate of Education (SSCE)

The name of the SSCE varies across Australia’s state-based education systems, but all state certificates are recognised by Australian universities, higher education providers, and vocational education and training (VET) providers. They are also recognised by many education providers internationally.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

Some Australian schools offer the IB, an internationally recognised school curriculum taught in 140 countries.The IB program is designed to help students become independent and critical thinkers, effective communicators and active global citizens. For university admission in Australia, IB scores are converted into ATARs. Find out more about the International Baccalaureate

A higher standard of learning

Australian schools are among the finest in the world, and feature: 

• university-qualified teachers and subject specialisations
• excellent facilities and technologies
• ‘gifted and talented’ academic extension programs for high achievers
• ‘early start’ programs, which allow top school students to study at a higher year level, including some university-level subjects for acadmic credit
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Australian schools have strong support systems in place, including:

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New record set for number of international students in Australia

The 700,000 visa holders helped push the total of temporary entrants to 2.8 million, another record

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The number of international students in Australia has topped 700,000 for the first time, helping to drive the number of temporary entrants to 2.8 million, another new record.

There were 713,144 international students in Australia on 29 February, according to the home affairs department data published by data.gov.au on Monday.

Abul Rizvi, the former deputy secretary of the immigration department, said the result was an “all time record”, up from 664,178 in September 2023.

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Rizvi said although the figure reflected numbers before new measures taken by the Albanese government, it showed “they’re going to have to do a lot more”.

“The government’s policy is to pursue permanent rather than temporary migration – and yet they’re sitting on the biggest temporary migration number in history,” he said. “We’re probably past the peak of net migration, of 550,000, but it’s coming down very, very slowly.

“They’re not going to hit the forecast of 375,00 of this year, and there is no chance of 235,000 – their long term target [in the intergenerational report’].”

Earlier on Tuesday, the prime minister, Anthony Albanese, said that “population is lower than it was anticipated to be prior to the pandemic and the figures have shown that that’s the case”.

“Because all the borders were shut for the period of time, there has been a higher than normal influx of students, in particular, temporary migration,” he told ABC Brisbane.

“We are putting in place through a migration strategy, a plan to lower the numbers, because we recognise that that is needed as well.”

Rizvi agreed with Albanese, noting the September 2023 total population figure was 26.821 million, just short of the 26.981 projected in the Coalition’s 2019 budget, but said by the end of 2024 the claim would “no longer be right”.

In March the Albanese government begun to implement several key recommendations of the migration review, released in December .

These include: lifting English language requirements for student visas; new powers to suspend high risk education providers from recruiting international students; a new genuine student test will be introduced to further crack down on international students looking to come to Australia primarily to work rather than study.

The test will ask students to answer questions about their study intentions and their economic circumstances, with a declaration to be made that they understand what it means to be a genuine student.

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The government also announced that to avoid visitor visas being used as a way to subvert offshore student visa integrity checks, the government will increase the imposition of “no further stay” conditions on visitor visas.

The government forecasts that net overseas migration will drop in half by next year, representing the largest decline in migration in Australia’s history, outside pandemic and world wars.

A spokesperson for the home affairs minister, Clare O’Neil, said “the changes we have brought in starting in December last year have had a significant impact on [the] international education sector”, with visa grants down 35% in February on the previous year.

“We are continuing to bring forward measures to bring migration back to a sustainable level and improve integrity in this vital part of the economy.”

Rizvi said he feared the government would “panic rather than do something sensible” to drive down migration.

In February the Grattan Institute proposed increasing international student visa application fees to $2,500 to pay for an increase in commonwealth rent assistance.

Rizvi said this would be “poor long-term policy” that would discourage high quality students with options of which country to study in.

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       Welcome to australia.edu

Your premier resource for education in Australia. Designed for students who wish to study in Australia, Australia.edu has worked hard since its launch in 1998 to establish connections with the best universities, institutes, and English language centers and provide comprehensive support for international students. From selecting the right school to setting up convenient travel accommodations, Australia.edu has everything students might need to know about education in Australia. It may be surprising for some prospective study abroad candidates to know that Australia is becoming one of the most popular countries in the world for international students. Education in Australia has been flourishing in recent years, with respected institutions that feature cutting edge curriculum and high quality teachers. International students can choose from hundreds colleges and universities, selecting programs ranging from short-term English language instruction, to in depth doctorate level work. These top of the line institutions come in all sizes and locations, making it easy for students to find a school that is just the right fit for their personal aims and interests. An education in Australia is sure to serve students well in any field, no matter what their future career goals may be. To help make the decision a little easier, Australia.edu has an extensive overview of universities, institutes, and English language centers. To see the list and enquire for more information on specific schools and programs, check out our study section at Study in Australia . The power of an education in Australia does not end there. To the contrary, international students in Australia can expect a plethora of other educational perks. Students who study in Australia will receive an affordable education with competitive tuition prices and numerous financial aid possibilities. In addition to this, students have fantastic housing options and meaningful classroom experiences to look forward to. To know more about what life might be like as an international student in Australia, there is a helpful assortment of facts and resources available at Australia.edu. From practical guides on visa application and health care coverage to details on Australia's colourful history, students can get a glimpse at what they have to look forward to by following this link: International Education in Australia . One of the most popular areas for international students who study in Australia is English language instruction. With Australia's proximity to southern Asia, the universities in Australia have worked to cater to the need for quality English instruction, offering a full range of English programs that are readily accessible to students at any time. This premier education is guaranteed by a revolutionary system of quality control known as the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students, which standardises most English language instruction in many universities around the country. For students who may still not be convinced, Australia.edu has a compelling collection of tips and guidelines regarding English language instruction for easy perusal: Study English in Australia . In addition to the thriving English language instruction in Australia, many students also choose to pursue an MBA. Increasing numbers of Australian universities are being recognised worldwide for their innovative business programs and coursework. Students who study in Australia can expect unique perks while attaining an MBA, since many of the universities have connections with businesses in Australia and the booming Asian markets. This makes a business education in Australia especially lucrative for prospective international students. For specific details on what programs are available and what students think of them, be sure to check out the inside scoop here: MBA in Australia . An Australian education is more than coursework and studying. Students who study in this magnificent country can expect meaningful experiences in and out of the classroom. Student life in Australia has much to offer international students, including distinctive cultural scenes and plentiful campus opportunities. From finding the right student housing to navigating during downtime, students need to prepare for the student experience holistically, since an education in Australia can enrich students in a way that makes them not only better students, but better people overall. This is just the tip of the iceberg; for a more in depth look at what Australian student life can be like, check out this link and see everything there is to look forward to: Student Life in Australia . The Australian study abroad experience can even extend off campus. Students who pursue an education in Australia should also work travel plans into their schedule during their time as an international student. The Australian landscape is distinctive and inspiring, enticing students with unparalleled natural wonders and booming metropolises. With travel destinations in all regions of the country, students who study abroad in Australia have numerous options to choose from, making it possible for students with all interests to find just the right travel experience during their time in the country. Students can start dreaming about the possibilities here: Travel to Australia . With these convenient and informative resources, students from around the world can use Australia.edu to make their study abroad dreams come true!

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There are many different organisations that offer vocational education and training (VET) in Western Australia; including TAFE colleges, private training providers, universities, adult and community groups and education providers, schools, higher education institutions, commercial and enterprise training providers and industry bodies.

The Department of Training and Workforce Development provides support to these organisations — not only through the funding of VET programs and training providers contracted through Jobs and Skills WA, and our role in curriculum development, but also through policy and governance. Additionally, we offer support to VET practitioners in the area of copyright and intellectual property.

Here we have put together a range of information, resources and tools to support VET practitioners, training providers, registered training organisations and schools. Follow the links below, to find out more. 

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The Government of Western Australia acknowledges the traditional custodians throughout Western Australia and their continuing connection to the land, waters and community. We pay our respects to all members of the Aboriginal communities and their cultures; and to Elders both past and present.

Australia Outraged by Death of Aid Worker in Israeli Airstrike, PM Says

FILE PHOTO: Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese gives an address to the Leaders’ Plenary during the 2024 ASEAN-Australia Special Summit at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre in Melbourne, Australia, March 6, 2024. JOEL CARRETT/Pool via REUTERS/File Photo

By Renju Jose

SYDNEY (Reuters) -Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said on Wednesday his country was outraged by the "completely unacceptable" death of an Australian aid worker in Gaza from an Israeli airstrike, and said Israel had committed to a thorough investigation.

Albanese said he spoke with his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu and conveyed Australia's anger and concern at the death of Zomi Frankcom.

"This is completely unacceptable," Albanese said during a press conference. "I conveyed to Prime Minister Netanyahu in very clear terms that Australians were outraged by this death."

War in Israel and Gaza

Albanese said he raised the importance of full accountability and transparency, and that Netanyahu had committed to a comprehensive probe.

Netanyahu said on Tuesday an Israeli airstrike had mistakenly killed seven people working for the aid charity World Central Kitchen in Gaza, and the U.S. and other allies called for explanations.

The strike killed citizens of Australia, Britain and Poland as well as Palestinians and a dual citizen of the U.S. and Canada.

When asked by a reporter if Israel was at risk of losing the power of moral persuasion due to the deaths of civilians in Gaza, Albanese said the global community was very concerned.

"I think people when they look at what is happening in Gaza are very clear about the extraordinary loss of life which is there and I believe that Australians are very concerned about that," Albanese said.

"This latest incident will add to the concern."

Albanese said he reiterated Australia's view to Israel that humanitarian assistance must reach Gaza unimpeded and in large quantities.

Frankcom's family said they were still reeling from the shock and requested privacy.

"We are deeply mourning the news that our brave and beloved Zomi has been killed doing the work she loves delivering food to the people of Gaza," the family said in a statement.

"She will leave behind a legacy of compassion, bravery and love for all those in her orbit."

Aid worker Jessica Olney, a California friend of Frankcom, called her a "humanitarian hero."

"I was continuously amazed by her positivity and her ability to stay joyful and warm and caring in spite of all the horrible things she must have constantly seen in her work," Olney said.

"You see images going around now of Zomi's smile and I want people to know that that smile was really who she was. That smile was constantly on her face."

(Reporting by Renju Jose in Sydney and Omar Younis in Los Angeles; Editing by Stephen Coates and Jamie Freed)

Copyright 2024 Thomson Reuters .

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