problem solving logical reasoning questions

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Logical Reasoning Questions and Answers

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Logical Reasoning _ Verbal Reasoning

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Logical Reasoning _ Non-Verbal Reasoning

• Mirror Image: Verbal Reasoning
• Picture Analogies Questions - Non Verbal Reasoning

Logical Reasoning involves the ability to use and understand logical connections between facts or ideas.

• In verbal reasoning , questions are expressed in words or statements and require the reader to think critically about the language used in order to choose the correct answer from the given options.
• Non-verbal reasoning meanwhile involves questions presented as images and figures, requiring the reader to comprehend how one element relates to another before selecting the right answer out of a list of potential answers.

Logical Reasoning is a key component of many competitive and reasoning ability-testing exams in India and abroad. Reasoning questions allow organizations to assess a candidate’s problem-solving skills, critical thinking capabilities, and capacity for logical and analytical thinking. 

Aptitude Questions such as Quantitative Aptitude and Logical Reasoning are considered essential skills for success in a wide range of competitive exams worldwide. These two sections often form the backbone of entrance exams, whether it’s for a public sector job in India or a university admission test in the United States.

Go through the following article to learn more about the various types of reasoning ability queries generally included in competitive tests.

Logical Reasoning Topics

Logical Reasoning is a crucial section in various competitive exams, and aspirants must study these topics to improve their problem-solving abilities and score better.

Types of Questions included in logical reasoning:

• Verbal Questions
• Puzzle Questions
• Image-Based Questions
• Sequence Questions

Topic-wise practice questions on logical reasoning:

• Number Series
• Letter and Symbol Series
• Verbal Classification
• Essential Part
• Artificial Language
• Matching Definitions
• Making Judgments
• Logical Problems
• Logical Games
• Analyzing Arguments
• Course of Action
• Statement and Conclusion
• Theme Detection
• Cause and Effect
• Statement and Argument
• Logical Deduction
• Letter Series
• Verification of the Truth of the Statement
• Coding Decoding
• Assertion and Reason
• Statement and Assumptions
• Logical Venn Diagram

Verbal Reasoning

Verbal reasoning is the cognitive ability to understand and interpret information presented in written or spoken language and apply logical reasoning to draw conclusions and solve problems.

It involves analyzing and evaluating information, making inferences and deductions, and identifying relationships between concepts and ideas. Verbal reasoning often tests a candidate’s language comprehension, critical thinking, and analytical skills and is commonly used in aptitude tests, job interviews, and higher education admissions.

A strong grasp of verbal reasoning can help individuals communicate effectively, think critically, and make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives.

Verbal Reasoning Questions and Answers Topics

• Logical Sequence of Words
• Blood Relation Test
• Series Completion
• Cube and Cuboid
• Seating Arrangement
• Character Puzzles
• Direction Sense Test
• Classification
• Data Sufficiency
• Arithmetic Reasoning
• Verification of Truth

Non-Verbal Reasoning

Non-verbal reasoning is the cognitive ability that involves questions presented as images and figures, requiring the reader to comprehend how one element relates to another before selecting the right answer out of a list of potential answers.

Non-verbal reasoning often tests a candidate’s ability to think creatively, solve problems, and make quick decisions, and is commonly used in aptitude tests, job interviews, and higher education admissions.

A strong grasp of non-verbal reasoning can help individuals develop their creativity, spatial awareness, and problem-solving abilities, making them more effective at tackling complex challenges in their personal and professional lives.

If you are a government exam aspirant or a student preparing for college placements, the reasoning is the topic that you need to practice thoroughly. Below are some topics that need to be practiced well for the reasoning section of the exam. So, let’s go through the following article to learn more about the various types of reasoning queries generally included in competitive tests.

Non-Verbal Reasoning Questions and Answers Topics

• Analytical Reasoning
• Mirror Images
• Water Images
• Embedded Images
• Pattern Completion
• Figure Matrix
• Paper Folding
• Paper Cutting
• Rule Detection
• Grouping of Images
• Dot Situation
• Shape Construction
• Image Analysis
• Cubes and Dice
• Picture Analogies

Logical reasoning is an important assessment tool for a wide range of competitive examinations. Questions in this section are designed to judge a candidate’s analytical and logical thinking abilities. Various types of reasoning questions are included in this section to test the student’s capacity for problem-solving, deduction, and inference.

Practicing questions is the only way to prepare for the reasoning test section. This way, even those who may struggle in this section can have an equal chance at success during exams or applications. The article contains concepts, questions, and topics of the reasoning section from the competitive exams and the placement exams’ point of view. 

FAQs – Logical Reasoning

Q1. what is logical reasoning  .

Logical reasoning involves the ability to use and understand logical connections between facts or ideas. The reasoning is a critical component of many tests and interviews. In order to perform well, it can be beneficial to practice doing reasoning questions with solutions available. 

Q2. What are logical reasoning questions? 

Logical reasoning questions can be both verbal and non-verbal: In verbal logical reasoning questions, questions are expressed in words or statements and require the reader to think critically about the language used in order to choose the correct answer from the given options and in non-verbal logical reasoning questions, it involves questions presented as images and figures, requiring the reader to comprehend how one element relates to another before selecting the right answer out of a list of potential answers.

Q3. What is the approach to solving reasoning questions? 

Follow the steps given below for preparation: 1. Practice with a timer and solve questions within the time limit. 2. Read the question carefully and try to understand the logic behind it. 3. Practice as many questions as you can and brush up on your skills.

Q4. Which book is good for the preparation of reasoning question sets? 

Students can practice from the following books: 1. A Modern Approach to Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning by R.S. Agarwal 2. Shortcuts in Reasoning (Verbal, Non-Verbal, Analytical & Critical) for Competitive Exams by Disha Experts 3. How to Crack Test of Reasoning by Arihant Experts

Q5. What is the syllabus of the Reasoning Aptitude section for competitive exams? 

Reasoning Aptitude covers a wide range of topics. Those topics are already given in the article. Aspirants must go through the article to learn about those topics and practice them thoroughly.

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Logical Reasoning Tests

• 100 questions

Logical reasoning tests are a type of psychometric test used to measure your problem-solving skills. They come in various forms, but all have the underlying purpose of assessing your logical aptitude and your ability to draw conclusions from a given set of information.

What is a logical reasoning test?

A logical reasoning test is an assessment that measures your ability to interpret information, apply logic to solve problems and draw relevant conclusions. It is typically non-verbal and in a multiple-choice format, and requires the use of rules and deduction to reach answers, rather than prior knowledge.

That said, logical reasoning is actually an umbrella term for multiple types of assessment, and you may find you’re asked to take any one of the following five test types as part of a job application.

Deductive reasoning

Commonly presented as a series of word problems, deductive reasoning tests require you to apply top-down-logic; that is, you must draw the right conclusion from a set of given premises.

Typically, you’ll be presented with a short paragraph, or stimulus, detailing an argument, scenario or a number of stated facts, and a set of possible answers. Only one of these answers can be true, based on the evidence provided.

You may also be given a conclusive statement and asked to decide if it is true or false, or if there’s insufficient information to conclude either way.

Inductive reasoning

Unlike deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning tests ask you to make general inferences – probable conclusions based on a set of information, rather than unquestionable outcomes.

This is most often done through the use of shapes, patterns, sequences and diagrams.

You’ll need to quickly identify relationships and rules, then apply these to find the most logical answer from the multiple-choice options. This could be identifying the odd one out, filling in the missing part of a pattern, or finding the next part of a sequence.

Diagrammatic reasoning

Similar to inductive reasoning, diagrammatic reasoning tests offer visual representations of a problem and require you to make logical connections to draw a conclusion.

Questions often take the form of a diagram with inputs and outputs, and you’ll be required to select which processes from a list of operators would achieve the documented effect.

You may also be presented with sets of abstract sequences, given a standalone visual, and asked to select which set it belongs to.

Abstract reasoning

Abstract reasoning tests are essentially inductive and/or diagrammatic reasoning tests under another name.

They too require you to find relationships and rules between visual sequences, then apply these to select the correct image from multiple options, be it a missing part or a continuation of the sequence in question.

Critical reasoning

Critical reasoning tests are more akin to deductive reasoning tests, in that you’ll be dealing with word-based scenarios, arguments, evidence and conclusions.

These tests tend to evaluate a range of skills. Argument analysis is common, in which a question is posed, and a yes/no answer given with a supporting statement. You’ll need to decide whether the statement is a strong or weak argument.

Other question types involve scenarios and statements from which you’ll be asked to make assumptions, deductions and inferences based on the evidence provided.

Critical reasoning tests are most commonly used in sectors where evidence-based judgement is an everyday requirement, such as law.

Why do employers use logical reasoning tests?

As with any form of psychometric assessment, employers use logical reasoning tests as a way to filter applicants, most commonly in the pre-interview stages of selection.

Logic forms a fundamental part of day-to-day decision making. Our reasoning capabilities determine how effectively we interpret the world around us, and how we use what we know to be fact to inform our choices. As such, logical reasoning is a vital part of many job functions.

In administering a logical reasoning test, employers are evaluating how well you’re likely to perform tasks like strategy development, risk assessment and forecasting, as well as general problem solving.

Additionally, the ability to quickly discern patterns, understand complex relationships, and make logical deductions underpins successful innovation and creative problem-solving in dynamic work environments. Thus, logical reasoning tests also serve as a method for assessing a candidate’s potential to contribute to innovative solutions and strategic thinking in their prospective role.

Common logical reasoning test publishers

Below are listed five of the most widely used publishers of logical reasoning tests, each of which has its own approach to this type of assessment.

SHL publishes and administers both inductive and deductive reasoning tests, the lengths of which vary depending on the level of role applied for. Typically though, they last no longer than 25 minutes and follow a standard format.

Kenexa’s logical reasoning test focuses on inductive or abstract reasoning, with candidates required to assess and manipulate shapes and sequences. It also has a deductive reasoning test, which it refers to as verbal reasoning.

Cut-e offers both inductive and deductive reasoning tests, with individual variations of each. The layout of Cut-e’s tests is known to be somewhat different to other publishers, so if you’re taking one be sure to practice specifically for this format.

As one of the best-known publishers of psychometric and aptitude assessments, Saville’s logical reasoning tests are widely used. They’re offered as either abstract or diagrammatic reasoning and have a time limit of around 20 to 25 minutes.

Logical reasoning tests from Talent Q are adaptive, which means the difficulty rating of a question is related to your performance on the question prior. Do well initially, and they’ll get harder. Struggle, and they’ll become a little easier.

How to prepare for logical reasoning tests

The best way to prepare for a logical reasoning test of any description is to train your brain to think more critically – and that means practice.

Try making puzzles a part of your daily routine or use brain-training apps in your downtime. If you’re preparing for a deductive or critical thinking test , take an analytical approach to reading the daily news. Instead of simply taking things on face value, ask yourself questions based on the evidence provided, and whether or not it’s enough to draw solid conclusions.

And make sure you take plenty of practice tests. This will help you understand how to answer logical reasoning tests , and will make you familiar with many of the common relationships found in abstract sequences, including orientation, shading, rotations and reflections.

If you’re struggling to identify relevant rules, work backwards from the answer. The better you understand where and how certain rules apply, the more picking them out will become second nature.

As you progress with your practice tests, start taking them under exam conditions, including setting yourself a time limit. Pacing is a key skill in logical reasoning tests, as your score will not only indicate how many correct answers you gave, but how long it took you to answer each question. By broadening your practice beyond traditional puzzles and tests, you foster a more adaptable and comprehensive critical thinking skill set, better reflecting the dynamic problem-solving required in many professional environments.

Lastly, be sure to practice the right type of test. Ask your prospective employer which of the five types of logical reasoning assessment you’ll be sitting, and if possible, which test provider they use. This will allow you to target your preparation to the specific test format you’ll face on assessment day.

Prepare yourself for leading employers

Free example logical reasoning questions

Below you’ll find example questions for the different types of logical reasoning test. Answers to each are given below the set of questions.

For further practice, check out our free logical reasoning test questions and answers .

Deductive reasoning test

All footballers are fit and healthy.

All famous sports players are footballers.

Given that the above is true, which of the following is the logical deduction?

• All footballers are famous sports people
• All famous people are fit and healthy
• All famous sports players are fit and healthy
• All fit and healthy people are footballers
• All football players are men

Inductive reasoning test

How many triangles will be in the 6th shape?

Diagrammatic reasoning test

In the grid, one box is missing. You must work out what rules are being applied in the other boxes in order to work out which of boxes A to F will complete the grid.

Abstract reasoning test

Which of the boxes comes next in the sequence?

Using deductive reasoning, the only logical answer is 3. To get to this answer, you need to simplify the given facts. All famous sports players are footballers, and all footballers are fit and healthy.

• We can’t deduce that all footballers are famous sports people, as we haven’t got that information.
• We can’t deduce that all famous people are fit and healthy, because the fact is about famous sports people.
• This is the logical answer.
• This information is not given; all footballers are fit and healthy but we can’t logically link that all fit and healthy people are footballers.
• This is obviously incorrect, as gender is not mentioned at all in the question.

The number of triangles is increasing by 2 as you move along the sequence. I you continue to add 2 until you reach the 6th shape you reach 14, so the answer is C).

In the question the key rule is that the number of ‘star’ shapes in the central column must always equal the number of double circle shapes.

If there are no star shapes there should be no circle shapes. If there are three star shapes, there should be three circle shapes. Option F is the only one that abides by this rule.

Please note: shapes are not in a set position within this sequence. It is merely the presence of the shapes that is important. 1. There are always two squares in the frame. 2. There are always two circles in the frame. 3. There is always one triangle in the frame. So the answer is D).

Within two hours of practice I have improved my score from 50% correct to 88%.

Logical Reasoning Tests FAQs

How are logical reasoning tests scored.

Logical reasoning tests are scored comparatively. That is to say, you’ll receive one mark for each correct answer, and your total score will be compared to the average results of other test-takers. Different employers may assess your results in different ways. Some will look only at your raw score against an average benchmark, while others may also consider your pace.

What are logical reasoning tests used for?

No matter the type of logical reasoning test used, you’re being assessed on your problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Employers are trying to determine if you have the required ability to interpret information, identify patterns and relationships, and draw solid conclusions. These are skills used on a daily basis in many job roles, so logical reasoning tests are widely used.

How is logical thinking measured?

Logical reasoning tests give a good indication of your lateral thinking skills by measuring your ability to analyse and interpret information to make evidence-based decisions – be they inferences, assumptions or unquestionable conclusions.

Why is logical reasoning important?

Logical reasoning is important in work-based environments because it is this skill set that allows you to work through many everyday business problems and come to the right resolution. Logical thinkers make decisions based on what they know to be true, rather than gut feeling; set achievable goals based on past performance; and approach complex problems in a systematic manner.

Where can I practice logical reasoning tests?

You can find practice tests for all types of logical reasoning assessments on our website, along with detailed answer explanations and guides. You can also find practice tests online from individual publishers which will help you get to grips with specific formats and time constraints.

Which employers use logical reasoning tests?

Logical reasoning tests are commonly used for managerial-level roles and above in many corporate job sectors, including law, investment banking and consultancy, as well as human resources, customer service and market research. It’s also likely you’ll be required to sit some form of logical reasoning test for acceptance onto a graduate scheme with many larger employers.

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Logical Reasoning Tests Tips

1 read each question carefully.

It’s vital you understand exactly what is being asked of you, so be sure to read every question thoroughly. There may well be distractors in the multiple-choice options; picking one of these because you’ve misinterpreted the question is a common error.

2 Analyse the stimulus

In deductive or critical reasoning tests, it’s important to fully digest the stimulus before drawing your conclusion. Again, a simple misunderstanding can be the difference between scoring or missing out on a mark, so make sure you’re aware of all the evidence presented to you.

3 Work out your answer before looking at the options

When working with abstract sequences or patterns, try to get an idea in your head of what the missing piece or next part of the sequence is likely to be, before you look at the multiple-choice options. This will help you zone in on the right response, rather than get distracted by irrelevant choices.

4 Make notes

There may be several relationships in any given sequence, and in diagrammatic reasoning tests you’ll need to be aware of multiple processes. Make notes as you go through to keep track of your thought process. It will help you to work methodically and avoid confusion.

5 Pay attention to pacing

You only have a set amount of time to work through all the questions, so be sure to pace yourself. Typically, problems become more complex as the test progresses, so aim to spend less time on questions at the start. Good pacing takes practice. You want to work quickly but not to the detriment of your accuracy.

6 Don't panic

Logical reasoning tests can be a little daunting if you’re not used to them but remember, we apply logic everyday without even realising it. Stay calm and remind yourself that the steps you need to take are familiar to you, it’s just that the problem you’re solving is presented in an unfamiliar way.

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What our customers say about our Logical Reasoning tests

South Africa

October 23, 2023

Fun & challenging!

I enjoyed the variety that this test offered. I would have preferred instant, question-by-question feedback over feedback at the end.

TheReal MacBen

Philippines

October 14, 2023

The varying patterns of the figures in each box, and what could be the next chain in that pattern.

I like how the test contained fun and interesting questions that needed logical thinking. However, it is not as complex as one test I answered, so the website should give an option of difficulty in tests.

MARTINE METIEKAM

September 26, 2023

Interesting

I have difficulty identifying the sequence. Honestly, I am not very familiar with the test. Thank you.

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September 15, 2023

I found some of the patterns challenging at first but I do love to solve these little puzzles and recognize the patterns within

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September 10, 2023

Take one peice at a time

each task was a test to see if you could follow the pattern, some were difficult but it was a nice brain teaser.

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I should not have to create an account to just take a sample test. I am happy to make an account once I take 1 or 2 tests and see whether I want to create an account

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Tricky: Thinking out of the box is key

I like that it is a simple test but if you analyze too much you might get the answers wrong, I kind of felt like I didn’t understand what was going on until the 3rd question.

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August 03, 2023

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Practice Logical Reasoning Test Example Questions – 2024

• Logical Tests
• Free Example Questions

One of the most popular, and perhaps most dreaded, type of psychometric test is the logical reasoning test. These screening questions won’t ask you for formulas or equations. You’ll have to rely solely on your own ingenuity to solve these problems.

You’ll need a great deal of concentration to succeed on a logic test. Logic tests are really designed to assess your intelligence. Similar to I.Q. tests in design, these aptitude assessments test your problem-solving skills, your critical thinking skills, and your creativity.

Below, we’ll explain a little bit more about the logic test questions you can expect on logic pre-employment exams and how you should approach them. We’ll also discuss some of our best tips for logic tests, so make sure to take notes! When you’re done, click over to the second tab and try your hand at our logical reasoning sample questions.

What Is a Logical Reasoning Test?

A logical reasoning test, as opposed to a numerical or verbal reasoning test , requires solely your reasoning ability. While you will have to know how to read, you won’t need to know any grammar, and you certainly won’t need to know how to multiply numbers.

Based on deductive and inductive reasoning, logical thinking questions will take one of two forms. Either you’ll be presented with a series of shapes and asked about the patterns they make, or you’ll be given a series of statements and asked to state what you know to be certain. We’ll go through both of these types of questions.

Why Do I Need to Take Logical Reasoning Tests?

Employers want to know, first and foremost, that you know how to analyze information and learn new skills quickly. These so-called “soft skills” are really far more important to a company than you might imagine, and they’re nearly impossible to really measure in an interview.

Logical questions help employers to see how well applicants recognize patterns, overcome adversity, and concentrate for extended periods of time. The skills you’ll need to pass a logical reasoning test are the same ones that will help you anticipate pitfalls, develop winning strategies, and start new initiatives.

Logical aptitude tests are designed, very simply, to test for intelligence. In fact, you’ll probably see a lot of the same questions on an I.Q. test. As it turns out, intelligence and success are very closely linked. The more intelligent someone is, the more quickly he learns and masters new skills, the better he remembers information told to him, and the more easily he overcomes problems.

How to Answer Logical Reasoning Questions:

Every logical reasoning question is different, and while you should be able to recognize patterns after a while, there are no shortcuts or one-size-fits-all responses. Here we have a few principles you should keep in mind. However, if you find that you’re still struggling with logic, then make sure to check out the free logic examples we have printed in our questions tab.

• Identify a Major Pattern: Whenever dealing with diagrams, you’ll want to focus on patterns. The series or matrix will be assembled of various sequences, and it’s your job to figure out what they are. Once you’ve identified a major pattern, you’ll want to see if you can also identify a minor pattern. Typically, series and matrices use at least two different patterns.

For example, if Jenny’s coat is both long and blue, we can logically assume that any red or green coats we may find do not belong to Jenny. On the other hand, if Jenny’s coat is either long or blue, we have a different set of criteria.

Logic also makes use of if–>then statements. For example, “If Jenny buys a new coat, she’ll buy one that is long and blue.” In that case, we know that Jenny can only buy a long, blue coat if, in fact, she buys a new coat. If her brother buys a coat for her, she won’t have bought a long, blue coat. These facts may seem redundant if you’ve never studied logic before, but they become quite significant when programming computers, for instance.

Diagrammatic Abstract Reasoning

This non-verbal form of logical reasoning usually involves series or matrices made up of shapes or figures arranged in a certain pattern.

To solve these questions, you’re going to use inductive reasoning. Your goal as the job-seeker is to identify the pattern and complete the task. Here are the four different kinds of tasks you can expect on non-verbal logic test questions.

• Series In a series question, you’ll be shown 4-6 pictures and asked to choose the next figure in the series from several choices. You might also find that one of the figures in the middle of the series has been left out, and you’ll have to choose which picture best completes the pattern.
• Matrices Matrices are very similar to series except they extend in two directions. While a series only goes from left to right, a matrix has patterns both horizontally and vertically. Not only will you have to make sure that the figure you choose completes the pattern in its row, but you’ll also have to check to see whether it agrees with the figures above and below it.
• Odd One Out Sometimes you’ll be given a set of figures and asked to identify the outlier. While the figures won’t be lined up in a series, they will have something in common. It will be your job determine which characteristics are relevant and to group the pictures based on these similarities.
• A/B Groups In A/B grouping questions, you’ll be given two groups of figures and one figure on its own. You’ll have to decide why the figures were grouped the way they were. You’ll then have to place the single figure in one of the two groups.

Verbal Logical Reasoning

While diagrammatic questions require inductive reasoning, verbal questions call for deductive reasoning. On a verbal question, you’ll be given a series of statements, premises, said to be true, and you’ll have to determine whether the conclusion necessarily follows from those statements.

• All men are mortal.
• Socrates is a man.
• Therefore, Socrates is mortal
• If it rains, the school will cancel the picnic.
• If the school cancels the picnic, the children will watch a film instead.
• Therefore, if it rains, the children will watch a film.
• Either I will go swimming or hiking.
• I will go swimming.
• I will not go hiking.
• Order Other deductive questions will ask you to put a set of people or items in order based on certain descriptions. For instance, they might tell you that “Sam is not last,” or that “Jaimie is before Paul,” but it will be up to you to figure out exactly where they are in line.

Logical Reasoning Test Tips:

Make sure you read our top tips for logical aptitude tests before heading out to the assessment center.

• Write Everything Down: Logic questions are particularly tricky. Instead of trying to keep everything straight in your head, try to write down the details on a piece of paper. Diagrams can be especially helpful when recording important facts.

For example, if the grass is wet, we can assume it probably rained. Logically, though, we can’t state for certain that it rained if we have no proof. It could have been the gardener who left the sprinklers on overnight.

• Focus on Truth Values: Make sure you know the difference between words like some, many, and all or words like sometimes, always, and never. These qualifying words can completely change the truth value of a statement.
• Pay Attention to All Details: When completing diagrammatic tests, be very careful to pay attention to all relevant details. A pattern may be based on multiple dots and lines, and if you rush, you’ll miss subtle aspects of the pattern.

Final Thoughts on Logical Questioning:

While most of us study science and history in school, very few of us ever study formal logic. In fact, unless you went to graduate school for law, engineering, philosophy, or abstract mathematics, logic as a concept in and of itself is probably pretty foreign to you.

If this is the case, then don’t fret. Logic is, not coincidentally, fairly logical. As long as you’re familiar with some of the basic fundamentals, you shouldn’t have too much trouble. Click over to the second tab to prepare with some of our online practice questions. Then read the answer explanations to see whether or not your reasoning was on track.

Free Logical Reasoning Practice Test

Practice4Me’s experts designed an example test for your needs to get you familiarized with various question types and to improve your chances of scoring high. This free test is a printable PDF file that includes questions and answers.

Download our free logical reasoning practice test PDF here .

Free Example Questions to Practice

Questions 4 and 5 deal with the following information:

Given the following premises, state whether the conclusions are true, false, or unknown:

All athletes are coaches, but not all coaches are athletes. All coaches live in Chicago. No students are athletes, but all students are coaches. Some teachers are both athletes and students. Some parents are teachers, but no parents are students or athletes.

Explained Answers:

• B: Notice how the middle shape alternates between the three dots and the stripes. The figures on either side are in a three-way rotation with a circle, a bow, and a diamond.
• C: Picture C is the odd picture out because it’s the only one in which the bars don’t dip down below the line.
• C: Deanna—the order is: Clayton, Billy, Deanna, Annie, Elise

• B: All students are coaches, but as you can see in the picture, there may be many coaches who are not students. So, the answer is false.

Aptitude Tests

• Aptitude Tests Guide
• Numerical Reasoning Test
• Verbal Reasoning Test
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• Spatial Reasoning Test
• Technical Aptitude Test
• Inductive Reasoning Test
• Analytical Reasoning Test
• Deductive Reasoning Test
• Mechanical Reasoning Test
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Logical Reasoning - Logical Problems

Why should i learn to solve logical reasoning questions and answers section on "logical problems".

Learn and practise solving Logical Reasoning questions and answers section on "Logical Problems" to enhance your skills so that you can clear interviews, competitive examinations, and various entrance tests (CAT, GATE, GRE, MAT, bank exams, railway exams, etc.) with full confidence.

Where can I get the Logical Reasoning questions and answers section on "Logical Problems"?

IndiaBIX provides you with numerous Logical Reasoning questions and answers based on "Logical Problems" along with fully solved examples and detailed explanations that will be easy to understand.

Where can I get the Logical Reasoning section on "Logical Problems" MCQ-type interview questions and answers (objective type, multiple choice)?

Here you can find multiple-choice Logical Reasoning questions and answers based on "Logical Problems" for your placement interviews and competitive exams. Objective-type and true-or-false-type questions are given too.

How do I download the Logical Reasoning questions and answers section on "Logical Problems" in PDF format?

You can download the Logical Reasoning quiz questions and answers section on "Logical Problems" as PDF files or eBooks.

How do I solve Logical Reasoning quiz problems based on "Logical Problems"?

You can easily solve Logical Reasoning quiz problems based on "Logical Problems" by practising the given exercises, including shortcuts and tricks.

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Practice Questions

Free logical reasoning practice questions.

Each link contains 5 sample questions:

• Sample Test #1
• Sample Test #2
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• Sample Test #4

For access to great examples, samples, and testing, have a look at our premium online logical reasoning test .

Importance of logical reasoning test

Logical thinking has its major advantages other than getting yourself good scores after the test maybe in your local university. Logical thinking helps one to draw conclusions faster and hence save time and energy that would have either gone to waste. Logical tests are also brain sharpeners as most IQ tests require an individual to apply both critical thinking and logical thinking.

Many would not see the direct advantages logical thinking is associated with but every day to day life involves the use of corrective thinking skills. By statistics, the youths or individuals below the age of 20 years are known to have a great ability in thinking logically.

If a logical test was carried out in a population, older individuals are reportedly outshined by the young generation in making valid and better decisions. Although logical tests are not compulsory, it would be greatly advisable to frequently take them to ensure that your brain’s performance is intact.

In conclusion, logical tests are equally important in our lives and careers. During job interviews, individuals who passed logical tests were seen to be good at performance and decision-making. Although saying that all managers are logical thinkers may not be practically true, it is their duty to use the necessary critical and logical thinking techniques to maximize their organization’s performance.

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Course: LSAT   >   Unit 1

Getting started with logical reasoning.

• Introduction to arguments
• Catalog of question types
• Types of conclusions
• Types of evidence
• Types of flaws
• Identify the conclusion | Quick guide
• Identify the conclusion | Learn more
• Identify the conclusion | Examples
• Identify an entailment | Quick guide
• Identify an entailment | Learn more
• Strongly supported inferences | Quick guide
• Strongly supported inferences | Learn more
• Disputes | Quick guide
• Disputes | Learn more
• Identify the technique | Quick guide
• Identify the technique | Learn more
• Identify the role | Quick guide
• Identify the role | learn more
• Identify the principle | Quick guide
• Identify the principle | Learn more
• Match structure | Quick guide
• Match structure | Learn more
• Match principles | Quick guide
• Match principles | Learn more
• Identify a flaw | Quick guide
• Identify a flaw | Learn more
• Match a flaw | Quick guide
• Match a flaw | Learn more
• Necessary assumptions | Quick guide
• Necessary assumptions | Learn more
• Sufficient assumptions | Quick guide
• Sufficient assumptions | Learn more
• Strengthen and weaken | Quick guide
• Strengthen and weaken | Learn more
• Helpful to know | Quick guide
• Helpful to know | learn more
• Explain or resolve | Quick guide
• Explain or resolve | Learn more

Logical Reasoning overview

• Two scored sections with 24-26 questions each
• Logical Reasoning makes up roughly half of your total points .

Anatomy of a Logical Reasoning question

• Passage/stimulus: This text is where we’ll find the argument or the information that forms the basis for answering the question. Sometimes there will be two arguments, if two people are presented as speakers.
• Question/task: This text, found beneath the stimulus, poses a question. For example, it may ask what assumption is necessary to the argument, or what must be true based on the statements above.
• Choices: You’ll be presented with five choices, of which you may select only one. You’ll see us refer to the correct choice as the “answer” throughout Khan Academy’s LSAT practice.

What can I do to tackle the Logical Reasoning section most effectively?

Dos and don’ts.

• Don’t panic: You’re not obligated to do the questions in any order, or even to do a given question at all. Many students find success maximizing their score by skipping a select handful of questions entirely, either because they know a question will take too long to solve, or because they just don’t know how to solve it.
• Don’t be influenced by your own views, knowledge, or experience about an issue or topic: The LSAT doesn’t require any outside expertise. All of the information that you need will be presented in the passage. When you add your own unwarranted assumptions, you’re moving away from the precision of the test’s language and toward more errors. This is one of the most common mistakes that students make on the LSAT!
• Don’t time yourself too early on: When learning a new skill, it’s good policy to avoid introducing time considerations until you’re ready. If you were learning piano, you wouldn’t play a piece at full-speed before you’d practiced the passages very slowly, and then less slowly, and then less slowly still. Give yourself time and room to build your skill and confidence. Only when you’re feeling good about the mechanics of your approach should you introduce a stopwatch.
• Do read with your pencil: Active reading strategies can help you better understand logical reasoning arguments and prevent you from “zoning out” while you read. Active readers like to underline or bracket an argument’s conclusion when they find it. They also like to circle keywords, such as “however”, “therefore”, “likely”, “all”, and many others that you’ll learn throughout your studies with us. If you’re reading with your pencil, you’re much less likely to wonder what you just read in the last minute.
• Do learn all of the question types: An effective approach to a necessary assumption question is very different from an effective approach to an explain question, even though the passage will look very similar in both. In fact, the same argument passage could theoretically be used to ask you a question about the conclusion, its assumptions or vulnerabilities to criticism, its technique, the role of one of its statements, a principle it displays, or what new info might strengthen or weaken it!
• Do spend time on the fundamentals: The temptation to churn through a high volume of questions can be strong, but strong LSAT-takers carefully and patiently learn the basics. For example, you’ll need to be able to identify a conclusion quickly and accurately before you’ll be able to progress with assumptions or flaws (identifying gaps in arguments). Similarly, a firm understanding of basic conditional reasoning will be invaluable as you approach many challenging questions. Be patient with yourself!

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Logical Reasoning Analysis and Tips

This guide has been created to help you understand Logical Reasoning tests. Use this analysis to learn how logical reasoning questions work and to find out our advice on tackling these questions.

Page contents:

What is logical reasoning, analysis of a logical reasoning question.

• Our logical reasoning tips and advice
• Logical reasoning tips and advice

Now it's time to practise

Logical reasoning tests are designed to measure your powers of logical reasoning and problem solving ability. You will be tested on whether you are able to analyse the images being displayed and to logically deduce the correct answer from the available answer options. One example may be to 'complete the picture' and you must determine which missing piece fits into the missing part of the puzzle.

You will be tested on whether you are able to analyse the images being displayed and to logically deduce the correct answer from the available answer options.

By far the most common form of logical reasoning test is one featuring a grid, with each square in the grid occupied by various shapes of different shadings. Logical reasoning test questions seek to measure a person's pattern-identifying ability.

For a clearer understanding of logical reasoning tests, visit our logical reasoning page where we have a two part logical reasoning video tutorial.

Let's go through a logical reasoning question so you can understand the processes involved in tackling such a question.

We are given 9 boxes, each containing an image. They are ordered in rows and columns and form an identifiable patterns. One box, in this case the one in the top right, is unknown. Once we have established a pattern, we can work out the answer and find it as one of the 12 answer options given.

We can first notice that each image seems to have two components. The arrows, with their various directions and positioning in the box, and the cross of squares in the middle of the box, of which one square is always shaded. Let's start with the cross of squares in the top left box. The noticeable feature of these squares is that one is shaded - in this case, the bottom square. The box below has the same square shaded, and the box below that has its top square shaded. The top middle box - top square shaded, middle box - right square shaded, and bottom middle box - left square shaded. While there may be no immediately obvious pattern with the boxes themselves, upon closer inspection, we can see that the arrows are indicating the placement of the shaded squares with their direction. In other words, which direction the arrow points is where the shaded square will be in that box.

However, there's another element we need to consider here. The arrows are moving between the corners of each box. If we start from the top left box and look down the column, we can see that the arrow moves from: top left, top right to bottom right. In other words, moving clockwise every box going down. If we start from the bottom left box and look across the row, we can see that the arrow moves from: bottom right, top right to top left - moving anti-clockwise every box going right. These patterns should now allow us to discover our answer.

Going from left to right, or bottom to top, our arrow should be placed in the bottom right corner. Given that the direction of the arrows and shaded squares appear to not have a pattern, all we need from them is that they are both going in the same direction. Now let's look at our answer options.

We can see only 4 boxes have the arrow in the bottom right corner, and only one of them adheres to same direction pattern - the box highlighted with a blue border.

Our logical reasoning tips

Now that we've analysed an example question, it's time to learn some of our tips specifically tailored to logical reasoning tests.

You can watch our video below where Ben talks through some logical reasoning tips, and also read through the tips below:

Start with the easiest pattern

In most logical reasoning questions, there will be multiple logical variables going on in order to determine the correct answer. But not all variables are equal in their complexity.

Use your intuition or perhaps just by glancing at the series of images will you be able to determine which pattern is the most straightforward. This might be something like a box changing shade, an arrow changing direction. If you can work out that pattern, you might narrow down the answer options considerably early on, making it much easier to figure out the correct answer.

If fact, if you’re really lucky, there’ll only be one answer fitting your easy pattern and you’ll get the correct answer without having to figure out any of the other patterns – but be careful with that.

Check the Pattern Works Forwards and Backwards

Sometimes the best way to test whether your logic is consistent is to check the pattern works backwards as well as forwards, like in this example. Of course, this will not always be relevant, but most of the time looking at it backwards will just mean the pattern in reverse and if it works in reverse it will help reveal that your pattern works logically.

Be Aware of Time

It’s important that you don't spend a lot of time answering each question, particularly if you feel that time could be better spent on other questions, so it’s imperative you find ways to be faster.

Once you gain more confidence you might find that you won’t need to triple or quadruple check every pattern in every question which will help save you time. So in a way, confidence will help save you time.

Lots of practice

Practice doesn’t just involve taking 10 tests then deciding you’re ready - it involves a learning process. You must look at your test performance - review the questions you answered incorrectly and read the explanations on why your answer wasn't correct and how the true correct answer could have been obtained.

Logical reasoning tips

We firstly recommend you do watch our logical reasoning tutorial, mentioned above, if you haven't already as this will help you understand the question types. But for now, let's move onto the tips.

Familiarity is key

Logical reasoning tests can look very complex at first glance. There's a series of odd looking shapes that are in unfamiliar sequences and you're expected to understand what comes next within several seconds - it's not easy! Becoming familiar with understanding patterns of symbols and shapes will result in less time wasted trying to understand what's going on. This will give you a competitive advantage over those candidates that are not utilising practice tests.

Have a system

It's important to enter a question with a game-plan which you can initiate immediately. Try not to tackle all the different symbols and shapes as a collective but separate them into individual symbols. Notice how certain shapes are changing through the sequence and build up the missing sequence from individual component parts.

Your system should also consider time. Work out how much time you are allowed per question and practise completing questions within those time constraints.

Don't spend your first moments looking at the answers

It's common to look at the answer options after your first look at the question but this can be wasteful. Your time is precious in a test and initial looks at the answer options will not help you to understand the sequence and could distract you. Focus on the question and the sequence then once you have a general idea of what the missing image could be, you could check the answer options to eliminate some of the options.

Practise thinking logically

The more able you are to think logically the easier you will find these test types. As well as practice tests you can try other brain teasers like sudoku, crosswords, and those types of challenges which will train your brain to be more familiar with the required skills.

Practice makes perfect

Practising these tests will help you refine your system and make you confident answering these questions. You will be able to understand any potential weaknesses you have and allow you to work on them.

We have taken a look at a logical reasoning question, and analysed the way that the logical reasoning logic works. Now let's put into practice by taking some free logical reasoning tests, designed to emulate the real thing. Simply sign up to our free starter account below to access the tests, completely free of charge.

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Additional psychometric test resources

We have lots of specialised and specific psychometric test advice waiting for you. Simply navigate over to our resources section where you can find all of our test advice, or click on one of the following links you may find useful:

• Assessment Centre Guide
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Take a guided, problem-solving based approach to learning Logic. These compilations provide unique perspectives and applications you won't find anywhere else.

What's inside

• Introduction
• Puzzles and Riddles
• Multi-Level Thinking
• The Rational Detective
• Syllogisms and Sets
• Logic Machines
• Arithmetic With Logic Gates
• Propositional Logic
• First-Order Logic

Joy of Problem Solving

• Intro to Problem Solving
• Coin Rearrangements
• Truth Tellers and Liars
• Operator Searches
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Community Wiki

Browse through thousands of Logic wikis written by our community of experts.

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• Mind Reading with Math
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• Elimination Grids
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