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• What Is Social Work?
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• LMSW vs. LCSW: What’s the difference?
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• Is an Online Master’s in Social Work (MSW) Degree Worth it?
• MSW Programs in California
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• MSW vs LCSW
• What is a Master of Social Work (MSW) Degree?
• What Can I Do with an MSW Degree? MSW Career Paths
• HBCU MSW Programs – Online and On-Campus Guide
• DSW vs. Ph.D. in Social Work

Ph.D. in Social Work

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Home / Social Work Degrees / Ph.D. in Social Work

Social workers seek to improve the overall quality of life of individuals, families and even communities by working with them to assess their needs and serving as a resource to help them meet those needs.

If you want to  become a social worker , you should know that a master’s degree is the traditional terminal degree for the field. A doctorate won’t lead to higher licensure, but with  social worker employment projected to grow 13% from 2019 through 2029 , earning your Doctor of Philosophy or Ph.D. may be a way to stand out and may open the door to more advanced positions such as director or administrator. Some people opt to complete their Ph.D. simply because the health care industry is becoming more complex and therefore calls for further education.

The Ph.D. is one of two doctorates you can earn in social work. The Ph.D. emphasizes research and advancements in the field concerning long-term clinical practices and overall industry betterment, while the Doctorate in Social Work (DSW) education focuses more on the clinical setting and physical practice of social work itself.

Should I Pursue a Ph.D. in Social Work?

This degree calls for a passion for research and education. If you want to present your findings at conferences, publish in scientific journals and help to lead and shape the community of social work itself, then a Ph.D. in social work may be a good fit for you. Earning a Ph.D. is also an opportunity for practitioners to specialize in an area that piques their interest. Your doctorate could make you a strong candidate for positions in your area of interest or places of power and influence including large organizations and nonprofits.

It’s also important to know that  employment of social workers is expected to grow 13%  from 2019 to 2029, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). With more individuals entering the field, there will also be significant growth in demand for those who can educate and lead within the industry.

Factors to Consider in Your Ph.D. in Social Work Program

There are a number of factors to keep in mind when making the decision to earn your Ph.D. in social work.

A typical Ph.D. in social work takes about three to five years to complete , depending on whether you are a full-time or part-time student.  Having the option of part-time study and even distance learning is important for some people as it allows them to balance their education with personal and professional obligations.

The cost of your education will most likely affect your decision to pursue a doctorate education.  Find out how much your program costs and if you’re eligible for any scholarships, grants, and loans aimed at social work doctorate candidates.  Because this degree is not a requirement for practice, it can be difficult to determine earning potential, but you will still want to do your best to research how much practitioners in your desired job position are making. Ask mentors and seek out salary data from authoritative sources instead of websites with self-reported earnings that haven’t been verified. This can help you figure out if the financial investment is worth it.

It’s a must to have completed your Master’s in Social Work (MSW)  or affiliated equivalent prior to sending out your applications, and usually, a previously completed internship or practicum is required before you can enter a Ph.D. program and on-campus or  online DSW programs .

Most people looking to earn their Ph.D. will already be practitioners in the field.  Different states have different licensing requirements. Complying with your state’s licensure requirements ensures smooth entry into the field. Once you are licensed, you want to make sure that you are in good standing with your licensing board. This might seem obvious, but could be key in the admissions process.

Another factor to  consider is what area you would like to specialize in.  The options are many, from children and families, to education, to mental health and substance abuse.

Lastly, don’t forget that  strong communication, organizational, problem-solving and interpersonal skills could help you be successful not only in the field, but in completing your degree.

Advantages of a Ph.D. in Social Work

Some of what makes a Ph.D. in social work worth it has been previously discussed. But it is important to note that  the doctorate is only beneficial if it will help you reach your career goals, and of course, those goals will vary from person to person.

Generally, the knowledge, expertise and experience gained from your Ph.D. education should prepare you to impact and influence the future of social work on a local and national scale. That might mean ensuring that those who come after are better informed or striving to improve outcomes among the populations you work with through policy and the development of evidence-based practice models.

What Can I Expect from a Ph.D. Program

Now you have a list of factors to consider before deciding to pursue a Ph.D., but what should you know about the admissions process and the program itself? Learn more about both below.

Program Admission Requirements for a Ph.D. in Social Work

Social work Ph.D. programs are often competitive,  especially if you’re considering a school with a good reputation and regional accreditation. You will need to know your chosen program’s admission criteria and do your best to make sure your application materials above par.

The minimum education requirement for Ph.D. in social work programs is a master’s degree in social work from an accredited college.  Some programs will also accept a master’s in a related field, also from an accredited college.

Other application requirements may include transcripts, GRE scores, a resume, a personal statement, letters of recommendation and writing samples demonstrating your knowledge and expertise in the field of social work. Use your personal statement, letters of recommendation, writing samples or research-based projects as a way to stand out in the pool of competitive applicants.

Think about what makes you unique and be sure to highlight that in your writing. Contact mentors, professors from your alma mater, or supervisors and colleagues from your past or current job for their recommendation.

Ph.D. in Social Work Curriculum

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in social work focuses mostly on advanced research methods studies. Some examples of these types of courses are:

• Quantitative Scientific Methods
• Survey of Research Methods in Social and Behavioral Science
• Integrating Public Policy Issues & Outcomes in Social Work Research
• Doctoral Teaching Practicum

Theory, behavioral science, policy and teaching courses are also typical.

Ph.D. in Social Work Career Options

Upon completion of your Ph.D., you can look forward to a whole new set of opportunities when it comes to your career.  One of the more common uses of a Ph.D. in social work is postsecondary education.  If you decided to become an educator of future social workers, you’ll enjoy helping to shape and mold what the field will look like and how common issues are approached.

You may also find yourself at a research agency leading studies behind governing topics like reducing mental illness stigma, recommending best practices when it comes to group therapy, PTSD prevention strategies or even dismounting common myths about dyslexia.

Possible career paths include:

• Clinical Director
• Clinical Social Worker
• Executive Director
• Human Services Director
• Nonprofit Executive
• Senior Social Worker
• Director of Social Services
• Clinical Services Director

You could also be petitioned for work nationwide presenting findings, speaking to important issues and advising how to shape public policy concerning the industry.

Ph.D. in Social Work Salary

Because of the many types of occupations in the field of social work it can be hard to gage the average salary of those who pursue a Ph.D.

But to get a better idea of what to expect, consider that the  highest 10% of social workers earned more than $85,820 annually , according to April 2021 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. In contrast, the lowest 10% made less than $33,020, and the median annual salary of all social workers was $51,760.

Another way to look into earning potential is to find out how much professionals with your desired job title are making. For example, if you want to use your Ph.D. to become a postsecondary educator, it might be worth looking at the average annual earnings of that group of professionals. BLS data from 2020 shows that  postsecondary teachers in the field of social work make a median salary of $71,570 .

Social and community managers are key players in the field of social work, and you might be thinking of becoming one.  The highest 10% of social and community managers earn more than $111,580 , according to the BLS.

Salary information from reliable sources such as the BLS, not only gives you an idea of earning potential for your desired role, but it can also prepare you to negotiate with employers.

Ph.D. In Social Work FAQ

How long does it take to complete a Ph.D. program in social work?

It takes about four to six years to complete a Ph.D. in social work. Two years are typically spent doing coursework and the others are spent on research, writing and defending a thesis, dissertation or similar project.

What is the difference between a DSW and Ph.D. in Social Work?

A DSW is a Doctor of Social Work that focuses on the physical clinical practice of social work studies. The Doctor of Philosophy or Ph.D. in social work emphasizes the research and educational aspect concerning the general practices within the industry of social work.

Can I obtain a clinical Ph.D. Online?

Obtaining a Ph.D. in social work online is possible. Depending on your course load, this could lengthen the amount of time it takes to complete your Ph.D. There are plenty of accredited online programs worth looking into if this is your preferred path.

PhD in Social Work Degree Guide | Salary & Programs 2024

A PhD in Social Work is a mark of distinction as an expert in the discipline. Graduates of social work PhD programs often use their knowledge and training to conduct groundbreaking research on critical issues facing society. Their discoveries shape policy and assist countless people. As respected leaders, they hold top positions at various social services organizations. As professors, they mold new generations of social workers.

In addition to increased ability to help others, PhDs in social work can expect something else following graduation – good job prospects. The U.S.  Bureau of Labor Statistics  (BLS) projects employment in the community and social service occupations to grow a hearty 12% between 2020 to 2030. 1

What is a PhD in Social Work?

A PhD in Social Work is a Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work. It is one of the two highest degrees that someone can earn in the field, the other being a DSW (Doctor of Social Work). PhD programs in social work focus heavily on research methods and pedagogy. DSW programs emphasize advanced training for practicing social workers.

Outstanding Schools with PhD in Social Work Degrees in U.S.

The road to a PhD in Social Work begins with admittance to a school that meets an aspiring student’s needs. While the “perfect” school varies by an individual’s interests and circumstances, here’s a sample of some noteworthy institutions:

• University of Southern California  – Through its Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC offers a PhD program that prides itself on promoting independent inquiry. Students gain competence in research methodology and communicating results. They learn skills vital to their future, such as how to submit grant proposals, how to write articles for publication, and how to present findings at conferences.
• New York University  – From day one, each PhD student in NYU’s Silver School of Social Work gets paired with a faculty mentor who helps develop research, scholarships, and teaching skills. Areas of staff expertise include racial and social justice, behavioral health services, child welfare, and aging. The school’s location in New York City provides a dynamic, diverse setting for studying important social work issues.
• Wayne State University  – Opportunities for professional and intellectual growth abound in the PhD program at this public institution in Michigan. The school encourages students to take coursework outside of the School of Social Work to support their individual interests. This interdisciplinary approach can lead to special degrees in areas such as infant mental health, gerontology, or social work and anthropology.
• Baylor University  – No need to live in Waco, Texas, to attend this institution. After a required five-day session on campus, social work PhD students can live elsewhere while pursuing their degree through an online classroom. Online PhD in Social Work courses meet via videoconferencing at specific times each week. The program focuses on the integration of religion and faith with practices of the social work profession. Graduates leave ready to address complex social issues as leaders, educators, and researchers.
• The University of Utah  – Other than a week on campus at the start of each semester, this institution’s “distance-delivered doctoral program” allows students to pursue an online PhD in Social Work from any location. Individuals attend classes remotely at the same time as their on-campus cohorts. All students possess equal access to research opportunities and financial support.

If you’re looking for other schools that offer PhD’s in social work, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

What Can I Do with a PhD in Social Work?

Many who pursue a PhD in Social Work do so in hopes of securing a faculty position at a university or junior college. They wish to continue conducting research in their area of interest within the field or teach up-and-coming social work students. Others may find employment at think tanks, non-profits, or governmental agencies.

PhD in Social Work Salary and Career Outlook

The U.S. Department of Labor includes postsecondary social work teachers on its list of Bright Outlook Occupations because of the job’s rapid growth prospects (9%) over the next decade (2020-2030). 9  Projections are not a guarantee, but the information is encouraging to PhDs looking to go in that direction.

While the mean annual wage for social work professors is $71,570, possibilities exist to earn substantially more. In California, for instance, the mean annual wage stands at $110,020. New York, the state with the highest concentration of postsecondary social work teachers, posts a mean annual wage of $91,680. 7

Some PhDs find employment as social service consultants. They train social service staff members and help organizations implement improvements in procedures and policies. According to PayScale, this type of position brings in an average hourly rate of $32.50. 8

PhD in Social Work Career Paths

Students in PhD programs usually enter possessing an MSW (Master’s of Social Work) and a social work license. After earning their doctorate, some individuals decide to return to careers in applied social work rather than enter academia. Their increased knowledge and training oftentimes set them up for higher-level positions in occupations such as:

• Median Salary: $51,760 
• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Social workers identify and assist individuals, families, and groups within a community that need help with various life challenges.

• Median Salary: $48,140 
• Career Outlook: 17% (2020-2030)

These professionals promote wellness and serve as a liaison between individuals/groups and health care systems.

• Median Salary: $58,120 
• Career Outlook: +11% (2020-2030)

These counselors help individuals with social and academic issues in order to succeed in school and forge an employment plan.

Source: BLS

Earning a PhD in Social Work

Individuals generally go into social work because they want to  make a difference in the lives of others . Earning a PhD in Social Work certainly advances that objective. The decision to undertake something so rigorous, however, should not be made lightly.

Pros and Cons of PhD in Social Work Degrees

Completing a PhD program in social work takes time, money, and effort. Only you can decide if such an endeavor is in your best interest.

• Expanded job opportunities, especially in academia, consulting, and research
• Recognition as an expert in the field
• Good job growth predictions from the BLS
• The potential for increases in income, responsibility, and influence
• A chance to study specific areas of interest and learn advanced knowledge about them
• The cost of pursuing a degree
• The stress of staying on track and finishing this academic challenge
• Taking away time from other endeavors in order to focus on studies
• Possibly moving to a new location to be closer to campus

PhD in Social Work Program Prerequisites

Most students enter social work PhD programs already possessing an MSW and a history of social work employment. People with a  background in a similar field , such as psychology, may also be eligible for consideration. Some institutions conduct dual-degree programs where participants earn both an MSW and a PhD upon completion of studies.

Courses in PhD in Social Work Programs

While specific courses vary by program, the following are some of the courses frequently encountered in social work PhD programs:

• Quantitative research
• Qualitative research
• Data analysis
• Social policy analysis
• Scholarly writing
• Grant writing
• Teaching and pedagogy

Coursework helps students prepare for two important components of a social work PhD program:  the qualifying exam and the dissertation .

Passing an oral and/or written qualifying exam demonstrates a solid base of knowledge and readiness to engage in independent research. The dissertation focuses on a topic or research question of the student’s choice. In addition to writing the dissertation, the student must orally defend the ideas presented at a meeting with other scholars.

Skills Learned in a PhD in Social Work Degree Program

PhD programs promote scholarly development. Students hone their critical-thinking skills. They learn how to ask important questions about social work issues and how to go about seeking possible answers. They graduate knowing how to construct research studies and evaluate results.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Social Work?

Programs generally require 36 credit hours. In terms of time, this translates to 3-5 years.

Students pursuing accelerated studies may be able to shave off time from this range. On the flipside, students enrolled in a dual MSW/PhD program take longer to finish because they need to fulfill more requirements.

A substantial determinant of program length is progress on one’s dissertation. Some students develop a clear idea early on of what they wish to focus on and make steady progress toward completion. Others require more time to figure out what they want to do and how to do it.

Social Work Degree Specializations

Social work is a large discipline with many niches. Some areas PhD candidates may concentrate on include:

• Mental health
• Substance abuse
• School social work
• Military social work
• Children and families
• Gerontology
• Terminal illness
• Migration studies
• Disaster relief
• LGBTQIA+ community
• Public welfare
• Justice and corrections

Social Work Certification and Licensure

Many social work positions require a license and/or certification. People should look into the requirements for jobs of interest as well as for the geographical region in which they seek employment. A good place to start is the  Association for Social Work Boards .

Accreditation

Selecting a school with regional accreditation ensures the institution has met certain educational standards. Choose one approved by the  U.S. Department of Education  or the nonprofit  Council for Higher Education Accreditation  (CHEA).

While the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) accredits BSW and MSW programs, it does not do so at the doctoral level. However, the Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work (GADE) can provide prospective social work PhD students with information on its member schools.

Online PhD Social Work Programs

Opportunities exist to pursue doctoral studies in social work online. The majority of such programs lead to a DSW, but some result in a PhD.

Online vs. On Campus Degrees

Earning an online PhD in Social Work degree through has a variety of potential benefits.

• Remote learning removes geographical barriers.
• Students gain greater choice in selecting an institution
• Students do not need to upend their lives to move to campus housing.
• Online programs generally offer more flexibility in terms of when and where work gets completed.
• Sometimes, ambitious students can accelerate their progress.

Some students prefer regular, campus-based programs. They enjoy the social aspect of physically attending class alongside others, focus better in an academic environment, or prefer a consistent schedule.

How Long Do Online Courses Take to Complete?

Finishing an online PhD in Social Work program generally takes about the same amount of time as on-campus studies, which is 3-5 years. Choosing an accelerated program can reduce some of that time.

Schools offering online PhD in social work programs tend to have a hybrid set-up. They require brief periods of time on campus, such as the first week of each semester.

Also, remote PhD programs in social work tend to favor synchronous learning. Off-campus students use video technology to attend classes with their on-campus peers on specific days at set times.

Applying to PhD in Social Work Programs

Students interested in obtaining a PhD in Social Work must apply to individual schools offering this graduate study. Due to substantial competition for spots, students oftentimes apply to more than one program.

Admission Requirements for PhD in Social Work Programs

Each school has its own specific set of criteria for applicants to present in order to receive consideration for admission. Things often required include:

• A master’s degree from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education
• Transcripts of all collegiate work, including degree(s) earned and GPA
• A resume of hands-on social work experience, including internships, employment, and volunteer experiences
• Satisfactory performance on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
• Personal statements/essays on the reason for pursuing a PhD
• Interviews with faculty members
• Letters of recommendation supporting the candidacy
• A scholarly writing sample

Paying for a PhD in Social Work

Students rightly worry about paying for higher education. Fortunately, a good number of options exist to  finance graduate studies , including grants, loans, and scholarships. Schools also often offer PhD candidates positions as research or teaching assistants, which can cover or reduce tuition and even provide a stipend.

PhD in Social Work Degree Costs

Many factors influence the cost of pursuing a PhD in Social Work. Choosing a public school in one’s state often proves more economical than tuition for private institutions. Programs partially or fully online can lower expenses by eliminating the cost of traveling to campus or residing in campus housing.

Any student looking for financial assistance should fill out the  Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) . It serves as the first step in determining eligibility for grants, loans, and school-specific monetary aid.

Scholarships for PhD in Social Work Students

Individuals looking for assistance in funding their PhD studies in social work may want to check out the following:

• Council on Social Work Education  – The CSWE offers a variety of general and niche scholarships for students interested in graduate studies in social work.
• National Association of Social Workers  – Doctoral students qualify for several funding opportunities offered by the NASW Foundation.
• Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund  – Students working for social change can apply for one of these need-based scholarships of up to $15,000 per year.

PhD in Social Work Career Resources

Along their educational journey and into their career, social work PhDs may find the following groups good sources of knowledge and support:

• Council on Social Work Education  – This national organization is dedicated to advancing excellence in social work education and research. PhD candidates may find the careers section on the group’s website particularly interesting. It contains job opportunities, career planning advice, and free resume review.
• The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work  – This organization provides a wealth of information on what makes a good PhD program. Its website includes links to all its member institutions, which proves helpful to students trying to compare schools.
• National Association of Social Workers  – This well-established organization of professional social workers focuses on career development and advancing social policies. Its website contains resources on a variety of topics by interest, such as aging, child welfare, and LGBTQ issues. Networking opportunities and tips for landing a job prove useful to graduate students.
• Clinical Social Work Association  – This group focuses on meeting the practice needs of  clinical social workers  through support and advocacy. Members receive free consultative services for legal and ethical questions, reduced rates on liability insurance, and access to the association’s job board.
• Society for Social Work and Research  – For more than 25 years, this non-profit has supported faculty, students, and others interested in social work research. Funding, information sharing, and interdisciplinary networking are among its areas of concern.
• People often pursue a PhD in Social Work to become a professor at a university, college, or junior college. Such a job involves teaching classes, managing internships and other hands-on student experiences, and conducting research. Other PhDs work for the government, military, non-profits, think tanks, schools, and other organizations as social workers, community managers, researchers, and policy shapers.
• The answer depends on individual interests and career objectives. For someone hoping for a job in academia, a PhD is usually necessary. Individuals interested in positions such as social worker or community service manager oftentimes get hired with a lesser degree. A doctorate, though, can put someone in a better position for greater responsibility, leadership, decision-making, and pay.
• Examine your career goals. A  bachelor’s degree  can be enough for entry-level positions. A master’s will qualify you to perform more extensive duties and is a must for those interested in clinical social work. Future social work instructors and social work executives generally hold a doctorate, which can be a PhD in Social Work or a DSW (Doctor of Social Work).
• An  MSW (Master of Social Work)  helps individuals secure higher-level positions within the field of social work. Obtaining one signifies greater education and training than just a bachelor’s degree. A PhD in Social Work demonstrates exceptional knowledge and commitment. PhDs often remain in academia to teach others and to continue advancing the discipline through original research.

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• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/home.htm
• https://dworakpeck.usc.edu/academics/phd-program
• https://socialwork.nyu.edu/a-silver-education/degree-programs/phd.html
• https://socialwork.wayne.edu/phd
• https://www.baylor.edu/social_work/index.php?id=866760
• https://socialwork.utah.edu/phd/
• https://www.bls.gov/oes/2018/may/oes251113.htm
• https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Social_Service_Consultant/Hourly_Rate?loggedIn
• https://www.onetonline.org/find/bright?b=1&g=Go

A Guide to MSW Degrees and Social Work Careers

An MSW degree can lead to a variety of social work jobs, including therapist positions.

A Guide to MSW Programs

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Social workers can be found in many places, including hospitals, schools, drug rehabilitation centers and child welfare agencies.

Someone who wants to make a living by helping people in crisis discover solutions to their problems may want to consider a career as a social worker and pursue a Master of Social Work degree, commonly known as an MSW.

A Look at Online Social Work Programs

Jordan Friedman Aug. 8, 2017

What Is a Social Worker?

Social workers assist individuals and communities in distress. They focus on motivating and encouraging people who are facing adversity and giving them a sense of purpose and hope.

Social workers can be found in many places, including hospitals, schools, drug rehabilitation centers and child welfare agencies. They play a role throughout the criminal justice system and sometimes work as therapists, a profession that ordinarily requires clinical training and a state license. Social workers often have government jobs, but they also frequently work in the private sector and may even be business owners who run therapy clinics.

Alumni of social work schools also become human resources professionals, nonprofit leaders or join the Peace Corps. They work at organizations that help the homeless or assist military veterans. They can be found coaching couples on how to navigate relationship challenges or helping seniors and the disabled with guidance on how to maintain their independence and improve their quality of life.

In general, wherever there are people in dire situations for whom an encouraging word and a strategic outlook would be helpful, social workers can be found giving advice, providing reassurance and directing people to needed resources and services.

"Social work is the only helping profession rooted in social justice," Amanda Keys, an assistant professor at the Missouri State University School of Social Work , wrote in an email.

Because of the social justice emphasis of social work, an academic degree in the field differs significantly from degrees in other disciplines that focus on helping others, says Keys, who coordinates the school's MSW program and has both an MSW and a Ph.D. degree .

"The social justice lens taught in MSW programs educates students on how to become effective leaders who have the skill set and knowledge to improve the lives of marginalized and oppressed individuals, families and groups in society," she explains.

Social workers intervene and advocate on behalf of vulnerable people in a variety of ways. For instance, they often help distressed people process their thoughts and feelings and make thoughtful personal choices. They can guide these individuals toward appropriate community resources, including government and nonprofit programs.

Additionally, social workers may coach clients on how to improve their relationships with others, or help them figure out strategies for coping with societal problems outside their control such as racism or sexism. And social workers can help clients with extremely challenging circumstances – such as extreme poverty or domestic violence – envision a way out of their bad situation.

"It is not just about 'fixing people,'" Megan Morrissey, director of the University of Minnesota MSW program and associate director of the School of Social Work, wrote in an email. "Social work interventions always require attention to the individual, the group, the family, the community, as well as addressing policy and structural issues."

Here are some of the most common types of social workers:

• Clinical social workers.
• Child and family social workers.
• School social workers.
• Health care social workers.
• Mental health and substance abuse social workers.

Each type of social work focuses on a different vulnerable population. For example, clinical social workers provide therapy to people who need it, frequently individuals who struggle with mental health issues, substance abuse, behavioral problems or emotional disorders. They may also serve patients who are struggling to cope with a traumatic life event, or provide therapy to couples and families.

Meanwhile, child and family social workers focus on protecting children and promoting family harmony.

Patrick Bordnick, dean of the Tulane University School of Social Work in New Orleans, says social work can be a deeply meaningful and fulfilling profession.

"You can't describe that feeling when you know you've had an impact and changed somebody's life and empowered them for change or long-term recovery, or helped them get the services or things that they need," says Bordnick, who has an MSW and a doctorate in social work. "There's no other feeling quite like it ... We're out to change the world – individuals, groups and communities – and really empower people for change."

Bordnick describes social work as a unique calling. "We do our jobs because we love what we do and are passionate about it."

He adds that social workers can facilitate growth at both individual and community levels. "That first time that you realize that you have made a difference in somebody's life, you will remember that for the rest of your career," Bordnick says, noting that helping a single person often has a "ripple effect" on their loved ones and their community.

Job Prospects for MSW Degree-Holders

Jana Edwards, a licensed clinical social worker in Colorado who has decades of experience and an MSW degree, says an MSW is highly marketable and very versatile.

"I have frequently counseled young people who are considering going into a helping profession that the MSW degree is THE MOST versatile mental health degree that there is," Edwards wrote in an email.

"There are thousands of jobs in many agencies, businesses, and organizations in both the for-profit and nonprofit world that are targeted to MSW's, so the opportunities for employment are very widespread," says Edwards, an alumna of and lecturer at the University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work , which granted her an honorary title of master scholar.

The U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that employment of social workers will be 11% higher in 2028 than it was in 2018, more than double the average job growth forecast for all occupations combined.

However, the bureau notes that the field's employment outlook depends greatly on specialization, and there are some types of social work where there is a spike in demand for workers. For example, the number of jobs for mental health and substance abuse social workers is expected to be 18% higher in 2028 than in 2018, and 17% higher for health care social workers during that same time frame.

Bureau statistics also reveal that compensation in the social work profession is modest. The median annual wage for U.S. social workers was $49,470 as of May 2018. Nevertheless, pay varies widely in the profession, depending on the social work specialty and a person's academic credentials. The top 10% highest earners among social workers earn more than $80,000 a year.

MSW Programs and Curricula

Prospective MSW students should expect at least four semesters, or two academic years, of full-time study if they do not already have a bachelor's degree in social work, or BSW. However, MSW candidates who have a BSW may be eligible for an accelerated program that might take only one academic year.

MSW students are typically taught both a generalist conceptual framework that they can use as a model for any type of social work, and a specialist mindset that they can use for a particular social work specialty, Morrissey explains.

"Students are always exposed to the generalist framework that involves intervention and policy directed at individuals, families, groups, communities, organizations and even globally," she says. "At those levels, they learn about assessing and engaging the client system, intervening with the client system and evaluating what they are doing and making adjustments as the feedback suggests. Their goal in all of these is to ameliorate need or suffering in some way."

Morrissey notes that social work graduate schools typically offer a variety of specializations so that students can develop skills that are relevant for varied job opportunities within particular branches of the social work profession.

Social work students might learn about how to work in a hospital or another health care setting, and they may also learn about working within either the school system, the child protection system or the corrections system, Morrissey suggests. They might also learn the skills necessary to work in a policy advocacy position or in a job that involves serving others, she adds.

In specialized courses, students practice applying the fundamental social work skills they gained through core classes, such as how to assess clients, design interventions and adjust remedies based on clients' input, Morrissey says. The goal of both the general and specialized social work curricula is to teach students how "to promote a more just and equitable world and to relieve suffering," Morrissey says.

Keys notes that the cost of social work graduate programs vary.

"The cost of an MSW program depends on many things," she says. "This includes, but is not limited to, the length of the program, the state the program is in, whether the program is housed in a private or public institution, the cost per credit hour, and additional university fees required. Because there is a wide range of program costs, it is important for you to do your homework on all programs that you are interested in."

She also recommends contacting MSW program coordinators and financial aid offices and asking about "any hidden program fees or additional charges that might make a seemingly inexpensive program expensive."

Reasons for Pursuing an MSW Degree

Social workers say their occupation is mission-driven, one that people pursue knowing that their career will not make them wealthy. But they make the choice anyway because they have a deep desire to brighten the lives of the unfortunate.

Edwards, a couples and family therapist social worker, says that she pursued an MSW because as a teen she worked as a secretary in a family services social work agency and witnessed the positive impact that social workers could make. "I was very impressed with the work that the therapists there were doing, and they all had MSWs," she says.

Edwards says many people in her family are involved with ministry, so she wanted a career that would allow her to do good in the world. She felt that a social work career would allow her to fulfill "a moral obligation to help others."

"I felt like they had a way of really understanding people's problems, taking people who were under serious emotional stress and helping them understand what was going on, sometimes connecting them with resources. But it was mostly just helping them (the clients) internally just understand themselves better so that their lives would improve."

Edwards says her MSW program allowed her to join a community of professional social workers that she could collaborate with and learn from. "I like the way social workers approach their profession (and) approach their jobs," she says. "They care for their patients, but they're very professional, very knowledgeable."

What Makes a Good Social Worker

Edwards notes that unlike psychologists, who might focus on a person's mind, "social workers are trained to understand how an individual fits into a whole community."

She emphasizes that a desire to contribute to society isn't sufficient to excel as a social worker, since the job also requires specific talents that not every good-natured person has. "They have to have a good analytic mind, not just a feeling for people," she says.

"I have watched people go into social work who just desperately want to make other people feel better, but they don't do it from a professional, sort of scientific, way," Edwards says.

"They just sort of have a really good heart, but they lose patience with the analytical part of it. So you do have to have a good mind for analyzing fairly complex problems. Almost nobody's problems are simple, so there has to be – in essence – that ability to hold multiple pieces of information in your mind at the same time and put them together with your professional knowledge to come up with a solution."

Bordnick says resilience and persistence are mandatory for the social work field. "It is a hard job, it's a thankless job a lot of times," he says. "The intrinsic motivation in knowing what you're doing and seeing positive changes. There's nothing like it."

Searching for a grad school? Access our complete rankings of Best Graduate Schools.

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PhD in Social Work Degrees

Phd in social work (or dsw).

Social work is an incredibly influential field in the U.S. Professionals that are interested in being providers of important services, advocates for social change, or researchers responsible for positively changing the field should consider PhD programs in the field of social work. Students that choose the educational path for their learning experience can focus on the historical changes and developments in the field in an effort to educate upcoming social work professionals during their degree programs.

The PhD option for social work students can provide you with the experience and practice you need to pursue careers associated with growth and development in this field. Our team of educational experts has put together this guide to help you learn more about this program and what is requires of learners enrolled.

What is the PhD in Social Work?

The PhD degree stands for Doctor of Philosophy. The PhD degree can be earned in many subjects including Social Work. The PhD in Social Work is the highest degree that can be earned in the field. The PhD is a requirement for many of the top-tier positions in social work.

What to Look for in a PhD in Social Work Program

Consider the following when deciding on a PhD program in Social Work:

• Location - will you/your family need to relocate or commute for the program?
• Cost and Available Financial Aid / Scholarships
• Area of Study - does the program have instructors and researchers in the area in which you are most interested?
• Coursework - do the required and elective course offerings sound interesting and applicable to future career goals?
• Research Opportunities - Are there opportunities for you to participate in existing research projects to build skills and experience?
• Length of Program - most PhD in Social Work programs take three to seven years to complete, including coursework and dissertation
• Part or Full Time Study? Full time study may require you to change or quit your job in order to complete the program. Do you have the financial resources to decrease or go without your income while in school? Are you comfortable relying on student loans if needed during the program?
• Course Format - in person or online classes, or a hybrid program?

What does it mean to have earned a PhD in Social Work?

To be a PhD in Social Work means that you have completed an intense educational program and earned a terminal degree in the field. This means that there is no higher degree to be earned in Social Work. Upon successful completion of a unique, comprehensive dissertation (extensive research project), you are considered an expert in that area. Earning a PhD is a rigorous process, and an accomplishment of which one should be extremely proud.

What is the difference between a PhD in Social Work and DSW?

The PhD in Social Work is a degree that prepares graduates for academic, research, policy analysis and educational administration positions. In contrast, the Doctor of Social Work (DSW) is a professional degree that focuses on clinical practice or leadership of a nonprofit organization providing clinical services. Determining one's career goals (research/teaching versus direct clinical practice) is critical before applying to a doctoral program in Social Work in order to study for and earn the ideal degree.

Entry Requirements for PhD in Social Work Programs

Some of the general requirements for acceptance into a PhD in Social Work program include:

• Master of Social Work (MSW) or Master of Science in Social Work (MSSW) from an accredited school of social work. Some programs such as the University of Louisville or University of Illinois Chicago will accept applicants who possess a Masters degree in a related discipline. These students earn their MSW/MSSW prior to beginning PhD coursework.
• Official transcripts from every post secondary institution attended
• Written application including an essay or personal statement. Topics typically include motivation for pursuing a doctoral degree in social work, research experience and career goals and discussion of how the selected program will assist in reaching those goals.
• Scholarly writing sample that demonstrates the ability to think critically and analytically. Examples include a published article, a master's thesis or an exceptional graduate level paper.
• Proof of successful completion (with a grade of B or better) of an introductory statistics course (some programs have requirements that the course must have been completed within the previous 5 years)
• Letters of recommendation. Most PhD in Social Work programs request 2-3 recommendations from both academic and professional settings
• Interview - Some, but not all, programs require an interview as part of the application process
• Application fee

GRE and Typical GPA Requirements for Entry

Not all PhD programs in Social Work require the GRE for admission. Many that do require GRE scores to be submitted have not published minimum threshold scores that are necessary for admission. Rather scores are to be considered 'competitive'. Grade Point Averages (GPA) scores required for entry into a PhD program in Social Work typically include a 3.0 for undergraduate courses and 3.5 for graduate level courses.

International students must submit Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) results. Some programs have specific scores that must be met prior to applying for admission, while other programs indicate the scores must be competitive.

Why Consider a PhD in Social Work?

The social work field is a constantly changing - indicating a need for versatile professionals that are ready and willing to change alongside it. The PhD in Social Work can teach students how to analyze their environment and find solutions for upcoming or unseen changes within social areas.

The PhD in Social Work can also create professionals that can train and prepare upcoming social work professionals for work in this changing field. Since the PhD program considers core subject areas such as social policy and research methods, you could utilize what you learn during it to adapt to change throughout your career.

As the population continues to grow, the need for more structured and provisional social work systems may be needed. In order to develop and test these systems, research specialists may be sought out by local and national government agencies.

In addition to research and education, this degree program can also provide you with the knowledge needed to manage and operate social agencies within your community. This added leadership component can be a major influencer for students considering a move into this degree program.

If you are the type of person that loves to help others or that is always looking for ways to make things easier for others, this could be the right program for you to choose. PhD in Social Work degrees help to prepare future educators and researchers in this field to make a difference within their communities of professionals, as well as in the social environment.

Online PhD in Social Work Options

Students that are prepared and eager to begin an online PhD in Social Work can find flexible programs at universities across the country. It is important to review all available programs prior to making the decision on which to enroll in.

Our Lady of the Lake University is currently a provider of online PhD programs in Social Work. From the onset of the program, you can expect to complete around 3 years of course work surrounding research and education in the social work field.

This program in particular requires that students already hold a Master's in Social Work, as well as 2 years experience working in the social work field. A large number of online PhD programs may require that you hold a minimum MSW and have some experience in the field.

Another online option for you to consider is located at Walden University. This online PhD program in Social Work offers specializations like Criminal Justice, Addictions and Social Work, Family Studies and Interventions, and Policy Practice.

This online PhD program also requires that applicants hold a MSW and provide proof of employment history for acceptance consideration. In total, this program can be completed in around 3 years for most students.

Are PhD programs CSWE Accredited?

The Council for Social Work Education (CSWE) is the national accrediting body for programs of social work. They set standards for how schools of social work should function and the general requirements for educating social workers at the bachelors and masters level. The CSWE does not currently provide accreditation for doctoral programs, including the PhD.

However, in June 2020, the CSWE voted to begin a pilot program to provide accreditation of practice doctoral programs.

This means that some DSW programs may eventually become accredited through CSWE. Updates to this pilot program may be found here. At this time, there have been no announcements of plans to begin an accreditation program for PhD programs in Social Work.

A Few Reputable Online PhD in Social Work Programs

Not many universities offer online PhD programs in Social Work. Most PhD programs are offered solely as in-person classes. However; that shouldn’t be a reason to deter a dream of becoming a PhD. Below are four of the top online PhD in Social Work programs currently available.

Our Lady of the Lake University PhD in Social Work Program

Our Lady of the Lake University ( OLLU ) has a longstanding tradition of educating social workers. OLLU was the first school of social work in Texas over 75 years ago. The PhD program prepares graduates to bridge the gap between practitioners and academic researchers and for research, teaching and service within minority serving institutions. The program has a unique focus on teaching pedagogy for diverse student populations.

The four year, 54-credit program follows a cohort model, where students enter at the same time (summer) and take their courses together. Courses are offered synchronously, where each student is online interacting at the same time and asynchronously, where coursework is completed independently. Each summer during the time in which students are completing coursework, students must attend a one-week onsite summer session.

Graduation requirements include completion of coursework, and the development and implementation of a unique research project. The dissertation requires three publishable articles and a successful oral defense. Graduates are best suited for teaching assignments at Carnegie classified R3 institutions rather than the R2 (high research activity) or R1 (very high research activity) institutions. Administration and other social work leadership positions are also common for graduates of this program.

Courses you might take in this program

In addition to the standard statistics and research methods courses found in doctoral programs, you may take the following courses:

• Epistemology and Theories – Covers the philosophical, theoretical and empirical underpinnings of social work practice theories including the conceptualization, development and application of the theories in order to complete a critical analysis.
• Grants and Proposals – Covers the complete process of grant proposal development including researching potential funding sources, proposal writing and budgeting.
• Scholarly Writing and Publishing – Covers the skills necessary to develop and improve skills in scholarly writing and publishing in peer reviewed social science journals. Emphasizes writing, editing, reviewing, revising and submitting manuscripts. Students submit their final paper for publication to an applicable journal.

Admissions standards and requirements for this program

• MSW from a CSWE-accredited social work program
• Minimum of two years of direct practice experience post-MSW (applicants are preferred to be licensed as advanced clinical practitioners)
• Graduate GPA of 3.0
• An original, 3-5 page scholarly writing sample
• Three letters of recommendation

Baylor University PhD in Social Work Program

Another Texas-based PhD in Social Work program is Baylor University . Baylor is a private Christian university that is renowned as a nationally ranked research institution. Based in Waco, Texas, the online PhD program in Social Work has a unique focus on integrating religion and faith with the ethical values and practices of social work.

The 10-semester program accepts a cohort of just 5-7 students in odd-numbered years only. The cohort begins classes in the summer with a required five-day in person session on the Baylor campus. Subsequent courses are offered online in the evenings and are synchronous, so students meet live with each other and the instructor each week. The structure of the program allows students to continue working while pursuing their PhD.

A comprehensive exam is required at the end of year 2 and covers theory, research, statistics and the ethical use of faith and practice. This exam serves to assess that the basic levels of competence have been met and signifies that the student is prepared to move forward in developing their dissertation project. The dissertation involves the development, implementation and assessment of a unique and independent research project that significantly contributes to knowledge in the field. Three publishable articles are required as part of the dissertation.

• Religious and Cultural Diversity – Covers world traditions and ethical theory in the context of social work practice. Discusses how a social worker can be sensitive to each tradition and understand comfort, pain and ethics in the context of each tradition.
• Social Policy and the Religious Sector – Introduces students to social policy as it defines and is defined by four structures of American Society: political, cultural, economic and social. The intersection of religion, congregations and religiously affiliated organizations and social welfare policy.
• Higher Educational Teaching and Learning in Social Work – Covers theory and practical skill development for developing curricula and lesson plans and delivering content to a diverse audience with varied learning styles.

Baylor’s website does not list specific requirements in order to apply, but rather that the program is highly selective. As such, applicant must exhibit a superior academic record in all previous work, have a clear interest in developing theory, policy and research skills in an area relevant to social work and the maturity, intellectual ability and readiness for doctoral studies.

Applicants must also complete a required statistics exam with a grade of B or higher to qualify for admission. This requirement is not waived for students who have completed a statistics course – all applicants must complete and pass the exam as part of the application process.

The GRE is not required for admission to Baylor University’s PhD in Social Work program.

Walden University PhD in Social Work Program

Walden University ‘s program is quite different than the others reviewed in this article. Their online PhD program in Social Work has multiple start dates throughout the year and provides the opportunity to transfer up to 20 credit hours. Students have 8 years to complete all doctoral degree requirements including coursework and dissertation.

The program requires four academic residencies that align with critical stages of the online coursework and provide the opportunity to network with other students, faculty and staff. The first takes place within 90 days of beginning the program. The second residency is face to face or virtual and it coincides with either the 18 month mark of starting the program or upon completion of the first research course. The third residency is face to face and completed by the end of the third year and the final residency can be done face to face or virtually at the end of the third year or beyond.

A unique aspect of the program at Walden University is the ability to choose one of eight specializations within which to align ones interests and focus their studies. Specializations include:

• Clinical Expertise
• Criminal Justice
• Disaster, Crisis and Intervention
• Family Studies and Interventions
• Medical Social Work
• Policy Practice
• Social Work Administration
• Treatment of Addictions – Covers theories, treatment intervention and case management strategies for addition counseling. Also examined are substance abuse policies and regulatory processes that influence service delivery in addiction counseling.
• Policy Analysis in the Criminal Justice System – Covers key court decisions and explores the tension between constitutionally guaranteed individual rights vs crime prevention and public safety efforts. Also covers policy analysis and planning within the criminal justice field.
• Introduction to Dimensions of Contemporary Aging – Covers a multidisciplinary approach to the study of aging in contemporary societies. Students critically examine current issues in gerontology.
• A MSW degree is required.
• Official transcripts for all previous coursework.

University of Utah PhD in Social Work Program

The newest program to launch an online PhD in Social Work is the University of Utah . Their program is called a Distance Delivered Doctorate. The first students will begin in Fall 2021 in a synchronous cohort model. Distance students will attend classes synchronously and interact with faculty and both on-campus based students and other distance learners simultaneously.

Online students are required to be on campus in Salt Lake City, Utah for the first week of each semester for the first two years. The program is designed for students to complete their degree in three to five years.

• Systematic Reviews – Covers question formulation, retrieval of literature and appraisal of information retrieved. Also covers narrative reviews, qualitative and quantitative syntheses and meta-analyses.
• Scholarly Writing – Covers an introduction to the political economy of academic discourse from the political dynamics that influence editorial decision-making to the economic considerations that determine the fate (and content) of journals. The craft of scholarly writing is explored via reading and critiquing published articles and preparing a critical review of the literature in ones chosen field.
• Secondary Data Analysis – Covers methods for finding, transferring and processing existing data sources. Trains students to answer important research questions using secondary data sets.
• MSW degree from an accredited institution
• Minimum 3.0 GPA in both undergraduate and graduate courses

Priority is given to students who have completed an introductory statistics course within the last two years and with a final grade of B or above.

• Two or more years post-MSW social work or related practice experience.
• Statement of Purpose including qualifications and readiness for pursuing doctoral studies in social work, discussion of research goals, commitment to social justice and equity and career plans.
• Three or more academic or professional letters of reference
• Example of scholarly writing such as a published article, a manuscript that has been submitted for publication or an exemplary paper.
• The PhD Admissions Committee may also request a candidate interview

The GRE is not required for admission to the University of Utah PhD in Social Work program.

Typical Courses for a PhD in Social Work Program

Since the online PhD program was designed for future researchers and social work educators, a lot of the curriculum may be focused on building skills for problem solving and policy practice. Courses like Design and Data Analysis for Researchers can provide you with insight into appropriate data collection procedures for research projects, as well as design measures for finding accurate and relevant results.

Theory for Applied Social Sciences

Theory for Applied Social Sciences can also be a beneficial course for students within this program. Since theory often dictates that processes by which professionals engage with clients in the field, future educators and research specialists can benefit from familiarizing themselves with various social theories.

Social Welfare Policy

One of the most commonly found courses in doctoral-level social work programs is Social Welfare Policy. The policies set forth for social work professionals often drive action and planning within all social fields, making it incredibly important for members of the social work field.

In this course you may be tasked with applying policy to common situations at work, reading case studies and analyzing proper use of policy, and defining policy according to what you have learned throughout the course. This course among many others can help bring together many of the practical and research-oriented topics learned during the PhD program.

Research Methods and Systematic Research

Additionally, courses focusing directly on research such as Research Methods and Systematic Research for Scientific Inquiry may be included within your curriculum depending on your institution of choice. This is in hopes that students can leave their program with the skills needed to identify needs, suggest change programs, and test their theories through accurate scientific research.

Thesis Requirements

The PhD program is unique for collegiate learners in that it often requires additional independent research as part of the overall degree requirements. While you search for online programs to enroll in, you should check in to the thesis requirements for each.

The thesis requirement can have varying directions at different universities, with most requiring an original research project that has been well-researched, designed, and completed prior to the end of your program. Your university may provide a structured outline of what is expected, with instructional classes on how to meet each requirement during your PhD program. Others can provide one-on-one mentors that work with students as they develop their initial research question up until their final submission.

Some students in social work degree programs choose a current social problem that is easily researched and develop an intervention or social change model for presentation to their thesis review board. The work that you submit can be reviewed by an internal thesis review team, requiring that you defend your research during the review process.

Progression through the online PhD in Social Work program may include continuous work on your thesis project, with some programs requiring that you complete it over the course of 2-3 different classes. Universities typically offer you a lot of support and even mentors throughout the process.

Some FAQs about PhD in Social Work Programs

Below are some frequently asked questions about PhD in Social Work Programs.

What is Foundational coursework for a PhD in Social Work program?

Foundational coursework for a doctoral program in social work includes research methods, statistical analysis, qualitative and quantitative research design and analysis, theory and ethics.

What research projects might you take on during a Social Work PhD program?

Oftentimes doctoral students will volunteer or accept a paid assistantship on a faculty members’ funded research project. This provides the student hands on experience in the area in which they intend to specialize in the future. The topics are varied and participation ranges from literature searches and review to subject recruitment to data collection and analysis and writing up results.

Are advanced standing programs available as a part time program?

None of the online programs discussed above offer part time programs. Advanced standing status is typically reserved for MSW/MSSW programs and not at the doctoral level.

Do PhD in Social Work Programs have concentration tracks?

Each student enters a PhD program with a general idea of a topic or area of concentration they’d like to study. Ideally the student is paired with a faculty mentor experienced in that same or a similar area. The mentor can then help guide the student in networking in that arena and collaborating on research projects and publications. As interests of each student varies, there are not concentration tracks within a PhD program as there are in MSW/MSSW programs. Students take the information learned in courses and apply it to their core area of interest. For example, a doctoral student interested in Gerontology could focus an Ethics paper on elder abuse. Another student in the same class interested in child welfare could center their Ethics paper on a portion of the foster care system.

Social Work Career Options

Once you have completed the journey towards your PhD in Social Work, you may be able to cash-in on your investment through a wide variety of careers in the social work field. An intriguing aspect about the PhD program is that it can help you gain access to careers in education, research, or even social work leadership.

Current job openings for PhD in Social Work holders can include Social Services Director, which can include leadership within certain sectors of community social work programs. This career may have different title variations such as Community Service Director and Family Service Director.

Colleges, universities, and non-profit organizations may also employ PhD holders to help educate students and professionals on various social work policies, procedures, and methods. This is one of the most popular sectors of employment for PhD graduates, since it can influence the success of social work professionals in the field.

At the government level, social work research may be a large component in the constantly changing social environment. PhD holders in Social Work can organization and implement research programs to find effective social interventions or services suggested for various social problems.

Regardless of which field you plan to pursue after graduating, the PhD in Social Work can provide you with valuable skills that can be applied in many diverse professional areas. Your engagement in this program can result in years of a fulfilling career within your community or beyond it.

What types of jobs are available for a PhD in Social Work?

Most PhDs in Social Work are researchers, professors or administrators in schools of social work. They can work at colleges and universities, hospitals and direct social service agencies. A number of PhDs in Social Work become policy analysts, consultants, writers, professional speakers and trainers. These professionals can work for government agencies, think tanks or start their own companies. Salaries for PhDs in Social Work can range from $ 80,000 up to $ 93,000 + per year depending upon the position and length of experience  

2021 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary and employment figures for Social Workers, All Other reflect national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed March 2023.  

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Captivating conversations with social work professionals. Gain insights into your own social work education and career journey in this new series hosted by Anna Shull, LMSW.

What Is a Master of Social Work?

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• Choosing a Graduate Program
• Tips & Advice
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• Homework Help
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• Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University
• M.A., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University

The master of social work (MSW) degree is a professional degree that enables the holder to practice social work independently after completing a specified number of hours of supervised practice and obtaining certification.

Typically the MSW requires two years of full-time study, including a minimum of 900 hours of supervised practice and can only be completed after graduating an undergraduate program, preferably with a degree in a related field.

The primary difference between MSW and Bachelor's of Social Work programs is that the MSW focuses more on the big picture and small detail elements of professional social work as opposed to the BSW's attention to direct social work practices in hospitals and community organizations. 

Professional Application of MSW Degrees

A recipient of a Master of Social Work degree is fully ready to enter the professional world, especially in fields that require more attention the micro- or macro- aspects of social work, though not all jobs require more than a bachelor's degree. 

In any case, jobs in the field of social work in the United States do require a degree from a college or university accredited by the Council on Social Work Education, and anyone who wishes to provide therapy must have at least an MSW. Unlicensed providers can hang a shingle and provide “ psychotherapy ” without breaking any laws in many states (if not all); but in some states, like MA, the term “Mental Health Counseling” is regulated.

Standards of registration and certification vary by state, though, so it is important as a student in an MSW to make sure you complete all applicable processes for licensing, registering, and certifying for social work within the state you hope to work.

Income of MSW Degree Recipients

Due in part to the volatile capital of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) that provide a majority of career options in social work, the income of professionals in the field greatly varies by employer. Still, an MSW recipient, as opposed to a BSW recipient, could expect anywhere between a $10,000 to $20,000 increase in salary after earning their degree.

Income also largely depends on the specialization of the MSW degree a graduate receives, with Medical and Public Health Social Work specialized employees topping the chart with an expected annual salary of upwards of $70,000. Psychiatric and Hospital Social Work specialists can expect to earn between $50,000 to $65,000 a year with their MSW degrees.

Advanced Social Work Degrees

For social workers hoping to pursue an administrative career in the nonprofit sector, applying to a Doctorate of Social Work (DSW) to earn their Ph.D. might be required to assume higher-level jobs in the profession.

This degree requires an additional two to four years of university study, completing a dissertation in the field, and additional hours of internship. Professionals who want to further their careers in a more academic and research-oriented direction of social work might pursue this type of degree in the field.

Otherwise, the MSW degree is more than sufficient to pursue a fulfilling career in social work, so the only thing left to do after earning your degree is taking the first steps toward your professional career as a social worker!

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• Should I Seek the MSW, PhD or DSW for a Career in Social Work?
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• What Does It Take to Earn a Master's Degree?
• What Comes After a Master's Degree?
• A List of the Most Common Business Degrees
• Should I Earn a Hospitality Management Degree?
• Should I Earn a Human Resources Degree?
• Should I Earn a Nonprofit Management Degree?
• What Is an MFA Degree?
• What Is a Psychology Degree?
• Pros and Cons of MBA Dual Degree Programs
• Business Administration Education and Careers
• Types of Nursing Programs and Degrees
• MicroMasters: The Bridge Between Bachelor’s Graduate Degrees

MA, MBA, BS, MS, MSW, PhD – What Does It Stand For?

There are lots of benefits of obtaining a degree, be it associate, B.A., M.A. or Ph.D.

Of course, obtaining a degree can be quite expensive but still, there are lots of people who consider it a good investment.

Nevertheless, making a decision about a degree, you want or need to obtain, you need to understand what all these acronyms mean.

Also, what is the difference between, for example, a B.B.A. and a BSN?

If you want to learn about all these aspects, keep reading the article.

In this article, you can find information about all the available degrees and their specifics.

Article Table of Contents

• 1.1 A.A. Associate of Arts
• 1.2 A.S. Associate of Science
• 2.1 B.A. Bachelor of Arts
• 2.2 B.S. Bachelor of Science
• 2.3 B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts
• 2.4 B.B.A. Bachelor of Business Administration
• 2.5 B.Arch Bachelor of Architecture
• 2.6 BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing
• 2.7 B.E. Bachelor of Engineering
• 3.1 M.A. Master of Arts
• 3.2 M.B.A. Master of Business Administration
• 3.3 M.S. Master of Science
• 3.4 M.S.W. Master of Social Work
• 4.1 Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy
• 4.2 Psy.D. Doctor of Psychology
• 5.1 What Do Those Letters Stand For?
• 5.2 What Is the Difference Between Arts and Science Degrees?
• 5.3 What Designations Exist for Doctoral Students?
• 5.4 What Other Specialized Degrees Exist?

Associate Degrees

Full-time students can obtain an associate degree in two years but part-time students may need more time to complete their training.

It is an undergraduate degree and it can be obtained at vocational schools, community, and technical colleges as well as some universities.

There are 3 main categories of an associate degree:

• A.A. – Associate of Arts
• A.S – Associate of Science
• A.A.S – Associate of Applied Science

If you are interested in technical or vocational career options, an associate degree is a perfect option for you.

You just need to get some post-secondary education to enroll in one of these careers.

It is a formal degree that can be obtained in the shortest period of time and with minimal expenses.

Also, it is a perfect stepping stone for those who plan to get a four-year degree in the future.

After completing such training program, you can transfer your credits towards a bachelor’s degree.

“Graduates with an associate degree had median annual salary of $50,230, compared with $36,210 for high school graduates. They also had a better unemployment rate.”  *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

A.A. Associate of Arts

The associate of arts – it is an entry-level undergraduate degree that can be obtained after completion of two years of training.

It can be obtained at junior or community college, trade school or technical school.

Most students apply for it to make it easier to get a bachelor’s degree in the future.

A.S. Associate of Science

A.S. Associate of Science is similar to A.A and it can be obtained just after two years of full-time training.

To obtain this degree, you need to complete a program related to science or technology.

Read more:  Associate Vs. Traditional Education: Differences & Similarities

Bachelor’s Degrees

Most students tend to apply for a bachelor’s degree.

In other words, it is one of the most popular degree options when it comes to post-secondary education.

Also, it is a minimal training requirement for a whole variety of career options.

To obtain this degree, in most cases, you need to complete a four-year training program on a full-time basis.

Nevertheless, in some cases, you may need more time to obtain this degree or you can apply for an accelerated course and obtain your degree faster.

There are two main types of degree – Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and the Bachelor of Science (B.S.).

Also, there are some other variants usually related to some more specific areas such as Science in Nursing.

Typical Bachelor’s degree course contains 120-semester credits and half of them is general and liberal art disciplines.

The other half – it is subjects related to your majors.

“Bachelor’s degree holders had median annual wages of $70,400 in 2015 — nearly twice the median wages for all occupations and nearly $20,000 more per year than graduates with an associate degree.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

B.A. Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts is a perfect option for those who want to pursue a career in such fields as liberal arts, humanities or social sciences such as English, creative writing, fine arts or political science.

To obtain it, you need to complete a 4-year program provided by a traditional school or university.

B.S. Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Science is a perfect choice for students interested in science and technical areas.

B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts

If you are interested in art history, theater, photography, and film studies, Bachelor of Fine Arts is exactly what you need.

B.B.A. Bachelor of Business Administration

Bachelor of Business Administration is a perfect degree option for anyone who wants to work in such spheres as management, accounting, marketing, etc.

B.Arch Bachelor of Architecture

Anyone, interested in architecture career, should apply for Bachelor of Architecture.

BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing

This technical and hands-on training oriented degree is an ideal option for those who want to obtain a nursing license.

B.E. Bachelor of Engineering

Those who are interested in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer engineering, should apply for a Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Master’s Degrees

Master’s degree – it is a graduate-level training course.

You need about two years of full-time studies to complete it.

You can apply for this program only after obtaining a bachelor’s degree.

According to the data, most graduate students have a full-time job so colleges and universities tend to offer flexible schedules for them.

In such a case, you need more than 2 years to complete your training but it will allow you balancing between your work and studies.

As we’ve already mentioned, you need to have a bachelor’s degree to be able to apply for a master’s degree.

It is a great opportunity to advance your career options or enter a career field that requires a higher level of education.

There are three the most popular master’s degree options:

• M.A. – Master of Arts
• M.S. – Master of Science
• M.B.A. –  Master of Business Administration

“The BLS predicts 13.8% growth in employment for master’s degree holders between 2014 and 2024 — the highest of any level of education.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

M.A. Master of Arts

This graduate-level degree is the best option for students interested in the humanities, social sciences or fine arts.

M.B.A. Master of Business Administration

You can obtain the Master of Business Administration after completing business administration or management-oriented training program.

Training programs offered for this degree usually oriented around subjects that are closely related to business disciplines such as marketing, accounting, and analysis.

M.S. Master of Science

If you are interested in science and technologies, the Master of Science is a perfect option for you.

M.S.W. Master of Social Work

The Master of Social Work is similar to M.B.A.  as it is closely related to social work and most programs are based on related subjects.

Usually, these programs comply with a clinical track or practice track.

The first one is related to work with patients while the second one – to policy, politics, and management.

Doctoral Degrees

A Doctoral degree is the highest academic degree and it can be obtained only in a university.

To complete your training, you need from 3 to 8 years and sometimes even more, depending on the field you are interested in.

Some doctoral degree programs are available only to those who have a bachelor’s degree while others can be obtained after completing an undergraduate program.

There is a variety of Doctoral degree options but the most popular is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.).

After completing this degree program, you can work as a teacher in a university or apply for some careers that require extensive training.

For example, psychologists and medical doctors need a doctoral degree if they want to be licensed.

“Workers with a doctoral degree had both the highest median annual salaries — more than $100,000 — and the lowest unemployment of any level of educational attainment.” *Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015

Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy

To begin with, Doctor of Philosophy is a degree that is not only for philosophers.

It is related to a whole variety of disciplines.

Usually, it is programs that are oriented on some intensive researches.

You can apply for it if you already have a bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree.

Psy.D. Doctor of Psychology

This doctoral degree is quite similar to the standard doctorate.

However, it is a good choice only for those who are interested in psychology.

What Do Those Letters Stand For?

These letters can be divided into two parts.

The first letter indicates the level of the degree:

• B – bachelor’s degree;
• M – master’s degree;
• D – doctoral degree.

The second part of the abbreviation stands for the field of training:

• S -science;
• Ph – philosophy and so on.

What Is the Difference Between Arts and Science Degrees?

As we’ve said before, there are two main types of degree fields – art and science.

Usually, art degrees cover a wide range of disciplines and issues.

At the same time, being a “science” student means you need to have some deep, technical understanding of your field of interest.

What Designations Exist for Doctoral Students?

When it comes to liberal art disciplines, Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest degree you can obtain.

At the same time, those interested in clinical and counseling psychology can obtain PsyD, Doctor of Psychology degree.

Medical students can apply for an M.D. degree and law students – for J.D. (Juris Doctor) degree.

What Other Specialized Degrees Exist?

Among other degrees, there are Master of Social Work (MSW), Doctor of Social Work (DSW), Master of Education degree (MaEd), Master of Business Administration (MBA), or Doctor of Business Administration (DBA).

After learning about all the available degree options and their specifications, you can make the right choice.

Just make sure to check various school to find the program that suits your needs most of all.

Noteworthy Resources

• Bachelor’s Degree: What Is It?
• List of College Degrees: What Each of Them Mean
• Associate Vs. Traditional Education: Differences & Similarities
• 10 Best Majors for Undecided Students
• 15 Best Jobs for Psychology Majors

Whats your Grief

Therapist Credentials: What do all those letters mean?

For Professionals / For Professionals : Eleanor Haley

For further articles on these topics:

Sometimes I feel like I need a decoder ring to understand therapist credentials.  You too?  Seriously, who knew?

Should you even care about all those letters?  Are they important?  Is it just a way to make therapists feel important?  Good questions!  Basically, those letters are just identifiers to let you know what kind of education, license, and certifications a therapist has.  This is one factor you may choose to take into consideration when searching for the mental health professional who's right for you.

A little while ago Litsa put together a super helpful guide for understanding mental health credentials and we're posting it here for you to use as a reference.  If you are looking for a therapist or counselor, have previously searched for one, or are open to the possibility of some day seeing one, this post should prove helpful.  Though this is not an exhaustive list,  it should be a pretty good place to start with knowing what those letters mean.

Psychiatrist

MD (they will have Dr. before their name)

Training:  Medical School

Quick tips:  In an outpatient setting psychiatrists typically focus on medication management, and often work with another practitioner (below) who handles the therapy. 

Psychologist: Doctorate Level

PhD, PsyD, EdD (they will also have Dr. before their name)

Training:  completion of a PhD, PsyD, or EdD program in psychology.  All degrees require clinical field experience and dissertations, though a PsyD or EdD is typically more clinically focused, while a PhD is more research focused.

Quick tips:  Though PhDs are often doing research, some offer therapy and private practice.  Many of these individuals will have a very specific area of interest or expertise, which can be great if their interest matches your needs!  They cannot prescribe medications, but may work with a psychiatrist who does medication management.

Find a psychologist here:  https://locator.apa.org/

Psychologist: Masters Level

MA, MS, LGPC, LCPC

Training : completion of a masters program in psychology, counseling psychology, mental health counseling, or a closely related field.  Those with an “L” have completed licensure requirements which may involve state board exams and supervision hours.

Quick tips:  These practitioners can diagnose, offer counseling, and many practice a range of different therapeutic approaches.  They may have additional certifications based on their specific area of interest or experience (even more letters after their name).  They cannot prescribe medications, but may work with a psychiatrist who does medication management.

Social Worker

MSW, LGSW, LCSW, LMSW, LCSW-C, LISW, LSW (and probably more, as this varies depending on state license, but will always involve an “SW”)

Training : completion of a masters program in clinical social work.  Those with an “L” have completed licensure requirements which may involve state board exams and supervision hours.

Quick tips : These practitioners can diagnose, offer counseling, and many practice a range of different therapeutic approaches.  They may have additional certifications based on their specific area of interest or experience (even more letters after their name).  They cannot prescribe medications, but may work with a psychiatrist who does medication management.

Find a social worker here:  https://www.helppro.com/

Marriage and Family Therapist

MA, MFT, LMFT, LCMFT

Training:  completion of a masters program in Marriage and Family Therapy.  Those with an “L” have completed licensure requirements which may involve state board exams and supervision hours.

Find an MFT here:  www.therapistloctator.net

Pastoral Counseling

MA, CCPT, CpastC, NCPC, NCCA

Training:  completion of a masters program in Pastoral Counseling or Pastoral Therapy.  These programs typically involve a combination of coursework in therapeutic approaches and clinical counseling skills in combination with theology, spiritual counseling, and pastoral care/chaplaincy. 

Quick tips:  This is a specific degree program that differentiates a pastoral counselor from a priest, pastor, or clergy person who may provide informal spiritual support. These practitioners can offer licensed counseling services, and many practice a range of different therapeutic approaches.  Many pastoral counselors work in hospital or hospice chaplaincy, in ministry, institutions of higher education, or individual clinical practice. 

Some professionals have their advanced degrees, then they get even more letters.  These are typically for certifications obtained through a particular accreditation body or through advanced training and/or testing in a specific clinical area.   If your counselor has addition certifications, ask about it.  A quick google search should give your more information about the specific certification program if you are interested.

Please keep in mind, what type of education, license, and certification they have is less likely to impact whether they are a good fit for you as what kind of therapy they practice and their personality.  Click here to learn about what types of therapy people practice.  If you aren't happy with your progress in therapy, let your therapist know.  Give it a few visits, but if it clearly isn't a good fit,  find someone new.  Like any other human relationship, sometimes people just are not a match!

Subscribe to Whats Your Grief for more helpful information about seeking out counselors and therapists.  

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You can find What’s Your Grief? Lists to Help you Through Any Loss wherever you buy books:

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Related Blog Posts

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Communication During Crisis: 5 Principles for Professionals

Demystifying Grief Counseling: Five FAQs

48 comments on "therapist credentials: what do all those letters mean".

Aurea Baig   March 6, 2023 at 9:32 am Reply

Hello. Thank you very much for the great articleinformation! Loveappreciate to read more about this subject!

Danial   November 26, 2022 at 11:49 am Reply

Thanks so much for your question! It is definitely never too late to pursue a career as a counselor, plus there’s an extremely high demand for counselors at the moment.

No matter which issues you would like to help clients deal with, most aspiring therapists start with a regular Bachelor’s degree in Psychology which is often followed by a Master’s degree. Depending on where you live, this education can take 3-6 years. Some countries may not require a Master’s degree but rather specific therapist training. Once you have completed your education, you can start specializing in different niches such as Anger Management or Marriage Counseling.

I hope this helps! Best of luck 🙂

-Caroline | Community Manager

Olivia S   October 14, 2022 at 1:07 pm Reply

Thank you for explaining more about the kind of training for a psychiatrist. My daughter is looking for someone to help her with her depression. I’ll have to share this with her so she it can help her figure out what would be best for her (URL removed per site guidelines)

Cami   February 15, 2022 at 12:08 pm Reply

What does the initials LMC after a therapist name mean?

Litsa   July 16, 2022 at 8:33 pm Reply

I’m not familiar with this credential and can’t find anything online, so your best bet would be to ask them

jess   September 22, 2022 at 12:34 am Reply

Licensed Marriage Counselor – typically old school for Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist

Olivia Smart   November 22, 2021 at 3:20 pm Reply

Thank you for explaining that those with an “L” have completed the licensure requirements for Marriage and Family Therapy. My friend is thinking about going to a marriage counsellor to help with her and her husband’s relationship. I’ll be sure to pass this on so that she can check to see if it’s there when they meet her.

David bell   October 25, 2020 at 1:48 am Reply

What is NLP stand for and IMS psychologist the full words

Brit   July 24, 2021 at 7:55 pm Reply

Neurolinguistic Practitioner (or possibly “psychologist or psychotherapist”).

Susan Bryan   June 25, 2020 at 10:30 am Reply

Please add LPC – Licensed Professional Counselor to your list!

Thanks, Susan, LPC – Hospice Bereavement Coordinator/Counselor

Bruce mcclay   June 19, 2020 at 10:00 am Reply

what do theses letter after a name mean MC MDiv RP

Ben Russ   May 15, 2020 at 3:36 am Reply

Awesome! Thanks for the great article. Im a kind of confused of some abbreviations.

Priya Mathew   January 30, 2020 at 1:45 pm Reply

Hi, I know this was mentioned in a previous comment but please add LPC and LPC-Interns Counselors to your list! I think including it under psychology could lead to a lot of confusion for individuals without a clinical background. Thank you!

shafaq Afroz   January 21, 2020 at 4:38 am Reply

Hi, it is very great article but What does the initials behind a therapist name mean?

KT   November 16, 2019 at 4:40 pm Reply

My new therapist has the letters BM after her name. What does that mean?

Jim   September 19, 2019 at 2:01 pm Reply

Curious? Why are there no Licensed Professional Counselor or counselor credentials presented?

Eleanor Haley   September 19, 2019 at 2:10 pm Reply

There are – both pastoral counselors in that section, and under counseling psychology, whi are professional counselors. Because names vary state to state we don’t list every exact variation, but we mention LCPCs specifically and pastoral, who fall under the professional counseling boards.

mel   August 7, 2019 at 12:17 pm Reply

What does MCP mean after a counselor’s name?

J   February 12, 2021 at 8:52 am Reply

MCP is Master of Counselling Psychology or Master of Clinical Psychology depending on your region.

dunazee   July 14, 2019 at 11:57 am Reply

I posted before proofing. What I meant to say was this for the second paragraph:

So as an example, the name of a female chiropractor who is also a dentist might look like this: “Dr. Jane Jones, D.C., D.D.S.” A male who is a lawyer and the second in his family with the same first name might be “Mr. John Smith, Jr., Esq.”

(Grammar counts: “Let’s eat, Grandma!” is not the same as “Let’s eat Grandma!”)

Lauren   June 21, 2019 at 11:01 am Reply

What does SASA stand for?? I’ve googled everywhere

mel   August 7, 2019 at 12:18 pm Reply

Spousal Abuse Sexual Assault? What is the context in which this acronym is used?

Colleen   May 8, 2019 at 11:05 pm Reply

I am a LMHC in NY. I am applying for LPC in Texas. I am a bit confused on application form, asking my Title before my name and asked for Suffix after my name, what would Title and Suffix refer to, thanks

Mel LaBelle III   September 10, 2019 at 12:53 pm Reply

Title is the abbreviation of what you are referred to: Dr. / Ms. / Mrs. / Mr. / Mz. Suffix is an abbreviation of what you may have at the end of your name: Jr. / III / IV

Patrick Morris   April 15, 2019 at 7:09 am Reply

Thank you to whoever published this website. I found it helpful to understand a number of acronyms that I did not know or had yet to hear. I am not a therapist – I am a patient. I believe all information written/discussed above is meant to be helpful. However, even having been raised by a parent with an MD and having had the fortune to speak with many MDs, PhDs, MAs, LCPCs (etc.) I still found some of the information to be a little confusing. I apologize for not having any specific question for you to answer. I just wanted to alert you that a lot of patients/people in need may visit this site looking for exact recommendations based on advice from a misinformed friend/coworker/spouse and may not get past the clinical information to discover the person that can help them. People look for “answers” (a poor term for people seeking therapy as there may be no actual answer in the end) on the internet and I would hope that this site would at least make one of its priorities to aid potential patients in finding relief.

Thank you for your time,

Kaylene   December 10, 2018 at 3:31 am Reply

For an instance you might notice a player having dropped back or slump who’s not assured or retaining a weakened hand, while a person who’s very heedful and rests construct may represent a strong hand.

Winston Jones   October 15, 2018 at 1:52 pm Reply

Can you tell me what the letters {RRE} stand for after a person’s name please Regards W Jones

Ali   September 18, 2018 at 12:21 am Reply

I have a quick question… I graduated from NCU with my Masters of Art in Marriage and Family Therapy but I am not licensed. What would my credentials be since I am not licensed? Would it be Name, MA, MFT? Or just Name, MA? I’m lost and don’t know what to put on my business card for work. Thanks for your help!

James   May 7, 2019 at 6:13 pm Reply

You can put your name, MA. If you register for licensure you may be able to put AMFT (Associate Marriage & Family Therapist), depending on your state. I hope this helps.

Lynette Brooks   August 22, 2018 at 8:10 pm Reply

What does the A.S. behind LCPC mean?

Karen   July 29, 2018 at 3:28 pm Reply

What does the initials behind a therapist name mean? ACMHC. He also has MC (Masters of Counseling) and DC( Doctor of Chiropractor)

Jason Michael ANDREWS   May 1, 2018 at 1:46 pm Reply

This is terrible misinformation. Therapy generally refers to a licensed counselor and while each state has different titles they constitute a huge bulk of “therapists”. they are not psychologist, and in fact are prohibited from using the word psychologist. They are licensed by a different board than psychologist, they have different educational classes and requirements. The APA does not recognize counseling unless it’s specially counseling psychology. Therefore if you want to provide quality information you need to add a category called professional counselor. Lac lpc nce nbcc etc

Monica Turner   April 13, 2018 at 3:52 pm Reply

I have two masters degree, one is in Organization Development and the other is in Social Work. I also have my license as a master level social worker. What is everyone thoughts on me putting MS, LMSW has my credentials?

Myna   December 21, 2017 at 3:03 am Reply

Where does an ED.S. fit in?

HJameson   August 11, 2016 at 1:17 pm Reply

I agree you forgot an entire group of therapists/counselors. If you are from California, it makes sense because they didn’t have a license like this until the law passed in 2009. Those licenses are: LPCC, LPC, LMHC, to include just a few, every state unfortunately does it differently and it is very confusing. These licensees tend to have Master’s degrees in Clinica or Counseling psychology have gone through a practicum and sometimes a paid infers hip. They also have to work supervised for several years in order to obtain their license not to mention pass exams. Just wanted you to know.

Eleanor   August 11, 2016 at 1:22 pm Reply

I believe what you’re referring to are therapists/counselors that would fall under the “Psychologist: Masters Level” listed above. In our state they are LCPC’s but as you indicated they can have different titles in different states. Obviously it’s impossible for us to list them all, but perhaps we could add a footnote indicating they have different titles in different states.

Kelly   October 30, 2018 at 2:32 pm

Would it really be that hard to list them all? There’s only 50 states and that would provide correct information to those who are looking for it.

Marty Tousley @GriefHealing   October 25, 2014 at 2:14 pm Reply

I think it’s also important to note that not every psychiatrist or psychotherapist is educated, trained and experienced in death, dying and bereavement. Grief therapy and grief counseling are specialties in and of themselves, beyond a graduate or doctorate degree. When seeking therapy or counseling specifically aimed at grief, consumers are wise to look for professionals who are experienced and skilled in that particular field, and preferably certified by a national organization such as the Association for Death Education and Counselors. See “Seeing A Specialist in Grief Counseling: Does It Matter?” https://j.mp/Rx6nI0

Litsa   October 25, 2014 at 2:19 pm Reply

Agreed Marty! Thanks for bringing up that fantastic point – no matter what the credentials of the counselor you choose, finding someone who knows grief is crucial.

Anike Adekoya   October 25, 2014 at 1:50 pm Reply

Thank you for this post. A few notes: 1) This page currently lists an incorrect link to the MFT directory. It should be: therapistlocator.net

2) Commenter Matt is misinformed: MFTs are well-trained and cleared to diagnose mental health issues. Where there are questions beyond our scope, MFTs are encouraged to seek consultation (e.g., medical).

3) Our education/licensure requirements are especially stringent within the mental health community. As a Master’s level MFT (there are also doctoral MFTs), I graduated with far more than the minimum COAMFTE-required 500 hours of direct client contact in addition to numerous hours of indirect/administrative work (not all mental health fields have to meet this standard). I had several internships spanning more than two years. I taught in the behavioral sciences department for the duration of my program. I (co)wrote several publishable research papers, including a quantitative thesis.

I do not say all of this to boast or be argumentative; my story is not unique among MFTs, and that is the point. In any field, there is good, bad, and in-between, but it seems that most MFTs are competent practitioners (and/or researchers) dedicated to their clientele.

Below is a link to information from the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. It is important for consumers to be informed about the education/training of their practitioners.

http://www.aamft.org/iMIS15/AAMFT/Content/consumer_updates/marriage_and_family_therapists.aspx

Respectfully, Anike

Litsa   October 25, 2014 at 2:33 pm Reply

The link I have for MFTs in the post above is therapistlocator.net, in the section about MFTs. If there is somewhere else you saw a different link please let me know.

I believe what we say about MFTs in the above post is accurate and consistent with what you describe, but thanks for your clarification in response to the other comment.

I will echo what Marty said in her comment, which is that finding someone experienced in grief counseling specifically is one of the most important things. And of course, like dating, finding the person who is the right fit for you!

Matt   March 18, 2014 at 7:19 pm Reply

There are several “minor” issues I would like to bring up. 1) A Psychiatrist can also be a DO, which is similar to a MD. A psychiatrist can legally do therapy, but most do not. 2) Yes, experimental psychologists do typically conduct research (they all have a PhD), but the majority of clinical psychologists, rather a PhD or other will primarily focus on clinical work. 3) There is only one state (to my knowledge) that license a clinician as a psychologist at the master level. They are typically psychological associates/practitioners if that state offers a license at the masters level. 4) You totally forgot about licensed counselors- those individuals with master degrees in mental health counseling. This will be one of the biggest “game player” in the field of grief counseling (that is a licensed clinician). These clinicians can diagnose, treat, and assess patients- for the most part, scope can differ among states. 5) Another one you should be aware of is Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners. These are advanced RN’s with master degrees in psych nursing or MSN with post-grad certificates in psych nursing. They are licensed to prescribe medications and are licensed (while most do not) to render therapy. 6) In terms of grief counseling, most individuals will not need the service of a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse practitioner, and a MFT that ONLY has a license in MFT will not be able to conduct therapy outside of the realm of MFT and actually (most states) don’t allow them to engage in diagnosis.

Litsa   March 18, 2014 at 8:22 pm Reply

Hi Matt – thanks, great clarifications! In terms of #4, we did include LG and LCPCs, who are mental health counselors, but included under master’s prepared psychology when it is technically a counseling degree. Thanks for taking the time to comment and clarify- I am sure it will be helpful to readers!

Marty Tousley (@GriefHealing)   May 15, 2013 at 8:55 am Reply

Helpful and informative, Eleanor ~ Thanks to you and Litsa for sharing this! I’ve added a link to your post at the base of my own article, “Professional Certification Programs in Grief and Bereavement,” here: https://www.griefhealingblog.com/2012/01/professional-certification-programs-in.html

Eleanor   May 18, 2013 at 11:07 pm Reply

Thank you Marty! I hadn’t seen that post yet so I’m happy you pointed it out.

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