sample financial forecast for business plan

Financial forecast example for new businesses and startups

The financial forecast is an essential step when creating a business plan. The financial forecast allows you to anticipate the revenues and expenses of your new business over a given period.

Even if the exercise is sometimes delicate to carry out, it is nevertheless essential for any entrepreneur. Indeed, it allows you to define quantified objectives, which, if meticulously tracked, will allow you to grow your business in good conditions.

To help you, here's a financial forecast example as well as tools you can use to create yours. 

Financial forecast examples for new businesses

Example of a sales forecast.

The sales forecast is used to estimate the company's turnover. It is generally presented by category of products and services, types of customers, or time slots.

In our financial forecast example, we have included below a sales forecast for a hostel, organised by categories of services with the bed's occupancy forecast broken down based on seasonality:

To ensure a fair and realistic evaluation of your company's revenues, You will need to base your forecast on thorough and reliable market analysis, including an analysis of what your competition offers. You will also need to think carefully about your pricing policy and distribution strategy beforehand.

Examples of financial statements to include in your forecast

Your forecast will need to include 3 financial statements:

• The P&L statement
• The cash flow statement
• The balance sheet

P&L statement

The profit and loss statement enables you to assess:

• the growth of the company by analyzing the evolution of the turnover over several years;
• the profitability of the company by looking at the difference between the expected revenues and the costs which will need to be incurred to generate these sales.

The main shortcoming of the projected income statement is that it does not take into account cash flows. Your profits should turn into cash at some point, but based on when your clients pay you, how much inventory you keep, or when you pay your suppliers, the cash flow could be very different from your profit.

To overcome this shortcoming, we need to look at the forecasted cash flow statement included in our financial forecast example.

Cash flow statement

The cash flow statement shows all anticipated cash movements for a given year.

It enables you to evaluate:

• the ability to generate operating cash flow;
• the company's investment and financing policies.

The cash flow statement is highly complementary to the P&L statement. Together they provide a clear view of the company's profitability, the cash generated by the operations, the investments made and the financing flows.

Balance sheet

The forecasted balance sheet, the last link in the chain, provides an overview of the company's net worth at a given moment in time and is part of our financial forecast example. It enables you to evaluate:

• the value of the company's assets;
• the weight of its working capital;
• the level of financial indebtedness;
• the book value of shareholders' equity.

The forecasted balance sheet complements the other two tables. Nevertheless, it has two weak points:

• It provides a snapshot of the company's net worth at a specific moment in time - giving a very static view of the company. Especially given the balance sheet is usually produced several months after the end of the financial year (and therefore the information it contains is already stale!)
• It gives an accounting vision of the company, based on historical cost, and not a financial vision, based on market value.

Where can I find other financial forecast examples?

At The Business Plan Shop, we offer an online software that includes a financial forecasting tool and helps you throughout the drafting of the business plan on top of financial forecast examples included in our business plan templates . 

Using a software like ours to realize your business plan has several advantages:

• You can easily create your financial forecast by letting the software take care of the calculations and financial aspects for you.
• You are guided in the drafting process by detailed instructions and examples for each part of the plan.
• You get a professional document, formatted and ready to be sent to your bank or investors.

If you are interested in our solution, you can try our software for free here .

Our article is coming to an end. We hope that our financial forecast example has given you a better understanding of what this exercise is all about.

The forecast is a crucial element of a business plan that will be of particular interest to your financial partners if you are looking for financing; but don't forget that it is also a mean for you, as an entrepreneur, to evaluate the viability of your new business idea.

Also on The Business Plan Shop

• How to do financial projections for a new business?
• How to establish a Profit & Loss forecast in your business plan?
• How to do a financial forecast for a restaurant?

Founder & CEO at The Business Plan Shop Ltd

Guillaume Le Brouster is a seasoned entrepreneur and financier.

Guillaume has been an entrepreneur for more than a decade and has first-hand experience of starting, running, and growing a successful business.

Prior to being a business owner, Guillaume worked in investment banking and private equity, where he spent most of his time creating complex financial forecasts, writing business plans, and analysing financial statements to make financing and investment decisions.

Guillaume holds a Master's Degree in Finance from ESCP Business School and a Bachelor of Science in Business & Management from Paris Dauphine University.

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Free Financial Templates for a Business Plan

By Andy Marker | July 29, 2020

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In this article, we’ve rounded up expert-tested financial templates for your business plan, all of which are free to download in Excel, Google Sheets, and PDF formats.

Included on this page, you’ll find the essential financial statement templates, including income statement templates , cash flow statement templates , and balance sheet templates . Plus, we cover the key elements of the financial section of a business plan .

Financial Plan Templates

Download and prepare these financial plan templates to include in your business plan. Use historical data and future projections to produce an overview of the financial health of your organization to support your business plan and gain buy-in from stakeholders

Business Financial Plan Template

Use this financial plan template to organize and prepare the financial section of your business plan. This customizable template has room to provide a financial overview, any important assumptions, key financial indicators and ratios, a break-even analysis, and pro forma financial statements to share key financial data with potential investors.

Download Financial Plan Template

Word | PDF | Smartsheet

Financial Plan Projections Template for Startups

This financial plan projections template comes as a set of pro forma templates designed to help startups. The template set includes a 12-month profit and loss statement, a balance sheet, and a cash flow statement for you to detail the current and projected financial position of a business.

‌ Download Startup Financial Projections Template

Excel | Smartsheet

Income Statement Templates for Business Plan

Also called profit and loss statements , these income statement templates will empower you to make critical business decisions by providing insight into your company, as well as illustrating the projected profitability associated with business activities. The numbers prepared in your income statement directly influence the cash flow and balance sheet forecasts.

Pro Forma Income Statement/Profit and Loss Sample

Use this pro forma income statement template to project income and expenses over a three-year time period. Pro forma income statements consider historical or market analysis data to calculate the estimated sales, cost of sales, profits, and more.

‌ Download Pro Forma Income Statement Sample - Excel

Small Business Profit and Loss Statement

Small businesses can use this simple profit and loss statement template to project income and expenses for a specific time period. Enter expected income, cost of goods sold, and business expenses, and the built-in formulas will automatically calculate the net income.

‌ Download Small Business Profit and Loss Template - Excel

3-Year Income Statement Template

Use this income statement template to calculate and assess the profit and loss generated by your business over three years. This template provides room to enter revenue and expenses associated with operating your business and allows you to track performance over time.

Download 3-Year Income Statement Template

For additional resources, including how to use profit and loss statements, visit “ Download Free Profit and Loss Templates .”

Cash Flow Statement Templates for Business Plan

Use these free cash flow statement templates to convey how efficiently your company manages the inflow and outflow of money. Use a cash flow statement to analyze the availability of liquid assets and your company’s ability to grow and sustain itself long term.

Simple Cash Flow Template

Use this basic cash flow template to compare your business cash flows against different time periods. Enter the beginning balance of cash on hand, and then detail itemized cash receipts, payments, costs of goods sold, and expenses. Once you enter those values, the built-in formulas will calculate total cash payments, net cash change, and the month ending cash position.

Download Simple Cash Flow Template

12-Month Cash Flow Forecast Template

Use this cash flow forecast template, also called a pro forma cash flow template, to track and compare expected and actual cash flow outcomes on a monthly and yearly basis. Enter the cash on hand at the beginning of each month, and then add the cash receipts (from customers, issuance of stock, and other operations). Finally, add the cash paid out (purchases made, wage expenses, and other cash outflow). Once you enter those values, the built-in formulas will calculate your cash position for each month with.

‌ Download 12-Month Cash Flow Forecast

3-Year Cash Flow Statement Template Set

Use this cash flow statement template set to analyze the amount of cash your company has compared to its expenses and liabilities. This template set contains a tab to create a monthly cash flow statement, a yearly cash flow statement, and a three-year cash flow statement to track cash flow for the operating, investing, and financing activities of your business.

Download 3-Year Cash Flow Statement Template

For additional information on managing your cash flow, including how to create a cash flow forecast, visit “ Free Cash Flow Statement Templates .”

Balance Sheet Templates for a Business Plan

Use these free balance sheet templates to convey the financial position of your business during a specific time period to potential investors and stakeholders.

Small Business Pro Forma Balance Sheet

Small businesses can use this pro forma balance sheet template to project account balances for assets, liabilities, and equity for a designated period. Established businesses can use this template (and its built-in formulas) to calculate key financial ratios, including working capital.

Download Pro Forma Balance Sheet Template

Monthly and Quarterly Balance Sheet Template

Use this balance sheet template to evaluate your company’s financial health on a monthly, quarterly, and annual basis. You can also use this template to project your financial position for a specified time in the future. Once you complete the balance sheet, you can compare and analyze your assets, liabilities, and equity on a quarter-over-quarter or year-over-year basis.

Download Monthly/Quarterly Balance Sheet Template - Excel

Yearly Balance Sheet Template

Use this balance sheet template to compare your company’s short and long-term assets, liabilities, and equity year-over-year. This template also provides calculations for common financial ratios with built-in formulas, so you can use it to evaluate account balances annually.

Download Yearly Balance Sheet Template - Excel

For more downloadable resources for a wide range of organizations, visit “ Free Balance Sheet Templates .”

Sales Forecast Templates for Business Plan

Sales projections are a fundamental part of a business plan, and should support all other components of your plan, including your market analysis, product offerings, and marketing plan . Use these sales forecast templates to estimate future sales, and ensure the numbers align with the sales numbers provided in your income statement.

Basic Sales Forecast Sample Template

Use this basic forecast template to project the sales of a specific product. Gather historical and industry sales data to generate monthly and yearly estimates of the number of units sold and the price per unit. Then, the pre-built formulas will calculate percentages automatically. You’ll also find details about which months provide the highest sales percentage, and the percentage change in sales month-over-month. 

Download Basic Sales Forecast Sample Template

12-Month Sales Forecast Template for Multiple Products

Use this sales forecast template to project the future sales of a business across multiple products or services over the course of a year. Enter your estimated monthly sales, and the built-in formulas will calculate annual totals. There is also space to record and track year-over-year sales, so you can pinpoint sales trends.

Download 12-Month Sales Forecasting Template for Multiple Products

3-Year Sales Forecast Template for Multiple Products

Use this sales forecast template to estimate the monthly and yearly sales for multiple products over a three-year period. Enter the monthly units sold, unit costs, and unit price. Once you enter those values, built-in formulas will automatically calculate revenue, margin per unit, and gross profit. This template also provides bar charts and line graphs to visually display sales and gross profit year over year.

Download 3-Year Sales Forecast Template - Excel

For a wider selection of resources to project your sales, visit “ Free Sales Forecasting Templates .”

Break-Even Analysis Template for Business Plan

A break-even analysis will help you ascertain the point at which a business, product, or service will become profitable. This analysis uses a calculation to pinpoint the number of service or unit sales you need to make to cover costs and make a profit.

Break-Even Analysis Template

Use this break-even analysis template to calculate the number of sales needed to become profitable. Enter the product's selling price at the top of the template, and then add the fixed and variable costs. Once you enter those values, the built-in formulas will calculate the total variable cost, the contribution margin, and break-even units and sales values.

Download Break-Even Analysis Template

For additional resources, visit, “ Free Financial Planning Templates .”

Business Budget Templates for Business Plan

These business budget templates will help you track costs (e.g., fixed and variable) and expenses (e.g., one-time and recurring) associated with starting and running a business. Having a detailed budget enables you to make sound strategic decisions, and should align with the expense values listed on your income statement.

Startup Budget Template

Use this startup budget template to track estimated and actual costs and expenses for various business categories, including administrative, marketing, labor, and other office costs. There is also room to provide funding estimates from investors, banks, and other sources to get a detailed view of the resources you need to start and operate your business.

Download Startup Budget Template

Small Business Budget Template

This business budget template is ideal for small businesses that want to record estimated revenue and expenditures on a monthly and yearly basis. This customizable template comes with a tab to list income, expenses, and a cash flow recording to track cash transactions and balances.

Download Small Business Budget Template

Professional Business Budget Template

Established organizations will appreciate this customizable business budget template, which  contains a separate tab to track projected business expenses, actual business expenses, variances, and an expense analysis. Once you enter projected and actual expenses, the built-in formulas will automatically calculate expense variances and populate the included visual charts. 

‌ Download Professional Business Budget Template

For additional resources to plan and track your business costs and expenses, visit “ Free Business Budget Templates for Any Company .”

Other Financial Templates for Business Plan

In this section, you’ll find additional financial templates that you may want to include as part of your larger business plan.

Startup Funding Requirements Template

This simple startup funding requirements template is useful for startups and small businesses that require funding to get business off the ground. The numbers generated in this template should align with those in your financial projections, and should detail the allocation of acquired capital to various startup expenses.

Download Startup Funding Requirements Template - Excel

Personnel Plan Template

Use this customizable personnel plan template to map out the current and future staff needed to get — and keep — the business running. This information belongs in the personnel section of a business plan, and details the job title, amount of pay, and hiring timeline for each position. This template calculates the monthly and yearly expenses associated with each role using built-in formulas. Additionally, you can add an organizational chart to provide a visual overview of the company’s structure. 

Download Personnel Plan Template - Excel

Elements of the Financial Section of a Business Plan

Whether your organization is a startup, a small business, or an enterprise, the financial plan is the cornerstone of any business plan. The financial section should demonstrate the feasibility and profitability of your idea and should support all other aspects of the business plan. 

Below, you’ll find a quick overview of the components of a solid financial plan.

• Financial Overview: This section provides a brief summary of the financial section, and includes key takeaways of the financial statements. If you prefer, you can also add a brief description of each statement in the respective statement’s section.
• Key Assumptions: This component details the basis for your financial projections, including tax and interest rates, economic climate, and other critical, underlying factors.
• Break-Even Analysis: This calculation helps establish the selling price of a product or service, and determines when a product or service should become profitable.
• Pro Forma Income Statement: Also known as a profit and loss statement, this section details the sales, cost of sales, profitability, and other vital financial information to stakeholders.
• Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement: This area outlines the projected cash inflows and outflows the business expects to generate from operating, financing, and investing activities during a specific timeframe.
• Pro Forma Balance Sheet: This document conveys how your business plans to manage assets, including receivables and inventory.
• Key Financial Indicators and Ratios: In this section, highlight key financial indicators and ratios extracted from financial statements that bankers, analysts, and investors can use to evaluate the financial health and position of your business.

Need help putting together the rest of your business plan? Check out our free simple business plan templates to get started. You can learn how to write a successful simple business plan  here . 

Visit this  free non-profit business plan template roundup  or download a  fill-in-the-blank business plan template  to make things easy. If you are looking for a business plan template by file type, visit our pages dedicated specifically to  Microsoft Excel ,  Microsoft Word , and  Adobe PDF  business plan templates. Read our articles offering  startup business plan templates  or  free 30-60-90-day business plan templates  to find more tailored options.

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Business Plan Financial Projections

• Written By Dave Lavinsky

Financial projections are an important part of your business plan. The projections give investors and lenders an idea of how well your business is likely to do in the future. Financial projections include both income statements and balance sheets.

Financial projections are important for a number of reasons. First, they give investors and lenders an idea of how well your business is likely to do in the future. This can help you secure the funding you need to get your business off the ground. Financial projections also help you track your progress over time. You can use them to make sure your business is on track to meet its goals. Finally, financial projections can help you spot potential problems early on, so you can take corrective action.

What Are Business Plan Financial Projections?

Financial projections are an estimate of your company’s future financial performance through financial forecasting. They are typically used by businesses to secure funding, but can also be useful for internal decision-making and planning purposes. There are three main financial statements that you will need to include in your business plan financial projections:

1. Income Statement Projection

The income statement projection is a forecast of your company’s future revenues and expenses. It should include line items for each type of income and expense, as well as a total at the end.

There are a few key items you will need to include in your projection:

• Revenue: Your revenue projection should break down your expected sales by product or service, as well as by month. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.
• Expenses: Your expense projection should include a breakdown of your expected costs by category, such as marketing, salaries, and rent. Again, it is important to be realistic in your estimates.
• Net Income: The net income projection is the difference between your revenue and expenses. This number tells you how much profit your company is expected to make.

Sample Income Statement

2. cash flow statement & projection.

The cash flow statement and projection are a forecast of your company’s future cash inflows and outflows. It is important to include a cash flow projection in your business plan, as it will give investors and lenders an idea of your company’s ability to generate cash.

There are a few key items you will need to include in your cash flow projection:

• The cash flow statement shows a breakdown of your expected cash inflows and outflows by month. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.
• Cash inflows should include items such as sales revenue, interest income, and capital gains. Cash outflows should include items such as salaries, rent, and marketing expenses.
• It is important to track your company’s cash flow over time to ensure that it is healthy. A healthy cash flow is necessary for a successful business.

Sample Cash Flow Statements

3. balance sheet projection.

The balance sheet projection is a forecast of your company’s future financial position. It should include line items for each type of asset and liability, as well as a total at the end.

A projection should include a breakdown of your company’s assets and liabilities by category. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.

It is important to track your company’s financial position over time to ensure that it is healthy. A healthy balance is necessary for a successful business.

Sample Balance Sheet

How to create financial projections.

Creating financial projections for your business plan can be a daunting task, but it’s important to put together accurate and realistic financial projections in order to give your business the best chance for success.  

Cost Assumptions

When you create financial projections, it is important to be realistic about the costs your business will incur, using historical financial data can help with this. You will need to make assumptions about the cost of goods sold, operational costs, and capital expenditures.

It is important to track your company’s expenses over time to ensure that it is staying within its budget. A healthy bottom line is necessary for a successful business.

Capital Expenditures, Funding, Tax, and Balance Sheet Items

You will also need to make assumptions about capital expenditures, funding, tax, and balance sheet items. These assumptions will help you to create a realistic financial picture of your business.

Capital Expenditures

When projecting your company’s capital expenditures, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the type of equipment or property your business will purchase. You will also need to estimate the cost of the purchase.

When projecting your company’s funding needs, you will need to make a number of assumptions about where the money will come from. This might include assumptions about bank loans, venture capital, or angel investors.

When projecting your company’s tax liability, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the tax rates that will apply to your business. You will also need to estimate the amount of taxes your company will owe.

Balance Sheet Items

When projecting your company’s balance, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the type and amount of debt your business will have. You will also need to estimate the value of your company’s assets and liabilities.

Financial Projection Scenarios

Write two financial scenarios when creating your financial projections, a best-case scenario, and a worst-case scenario. Use your list of assumptions to come up with realistic numbers for each scenario.

Presuming that you have already generated a list of assumptions, the creation of best and worst-case scenarios should be relatively simple. For each assumption, generate a high and low estimate. For example, if you are assuming that your company will have $100,000 in revenue, your high estimate might be $120,000 and your low estimate might be $80,000.

Once you have generated high and low estimates for all of your assumptions, you can create two scenarios: a best case scenario and a worst-case scenario. Simply plug the high estimates into your financial projections for the best-case scenario and the low estimates into your financial projections for the worst-case scenario.

Conduct a Ratio Analysis

A ratio analysis is a useful tool that can be used to evaluate a company’s financial health. Ratios can be used to compare a company’s performance to its industry average or to its own historical performance.

There are a number of different ratios that can be used in ratio analysis. Some of the more popular ones include the following:

• Gross margin ratio
• Operating margin ratio
• Return on assets (ROA)
• Return on equity (ROE)

To conduct a ratio analysis, you will need financial statements for your company and for its competitors. You will also need industry average ratios. These can be found in industry reports or on financial websites.

Once you have the necessary information, you can calculate the ratios for your company and compare them to the industry averages or to your own historical performance. If your company’s ratios are significantly different from the industry averages, it might be indicative of a problem.

Be Realistic

When creating your financial projections, it is important to be realistic. Your projections should be based on your list of assumptions and should reflect your best estimate of what your company’s future financial performance will be. This includes projected operating income, a projected income statement, and a profit and loss statement.

Your goal should be to create a realistic set of financial projections that can be used to guide your company’s future decision-making.

Sales Forecast

One of the most important aspects of your financial projections is your sales forecast. Your sales forecast should be based on your list of assumptions and should reflect your best estimate of what your company’s future sales will be.

Your sales forecast should be realistic and achievable. Do not try to “game” the system by creating an overly optimistic or pessimistic forecast. Your goal should be to create a realistic sales forecast that can be used to guide your company’s future decision-making.

Creating a sales forecast is not an exact science, but there are a number of methods that can be used to generate realistic estimates. Some common methods include market analysis, competitor analysis, and customer surveys.

Create Multi-Year Financial Projections

When creating financial projections, it is important to generate projections for multiple years. This will give you a better sense of how your company’s financial performance is likely to change over time.

It is also important to remember that your financial projections are just that: projections. They are based on a number of assumptions and are not guaranteed to be accurate. As such, you should review and update your projections on a regular basis to ensure that they remain relevant.

Creating financial projections is an important part of any business plan. However, it’s important to remember that these projections are just estimates. They are not guarantees of future success.

Business Plan Financial Projections FAQs

What is a business plan financial projection.

A business plan financial projection is a forecast of your company's future financial performance. It should include line items for each type of asset and liability, as well as a total at the end.

What are annual income statements? 

The Annual income statement is a financial document and a financial model that summarize a company's revenues and expenses over the course of a fiscal year. They provide a snapshot of a company's financial health and performance and can be used to track trends and make comparisons with other businesses.

What are the necessary financial statements?

The necessary financial statements for a business plan are an income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet.

How do I create financial projections?

You can create financial projections by making a list of assumptions, creating two scenarios (best case and worst case), conducting a ratio analysis, and being realistic.

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Run » finance, how to create a financial forecast for a startup business plan.

Financial forecasting allows you to measure the progress of your new business by benchmarking performance against anticipated sales and costs.

When starting a new business, a financial forecast is an important tool for recruiting investors as well as for budgeting for your first months of operating. A financial forecast is used to predict the cash flow necessary to operate the company day-to-day and cover financial liabilities.

Many lenders and investors ask for a financial forecast as part of a business plan; however, with no sales under your belt, it can be tricky to estimate how much money you will need to cover your expenses. Here’s how to begin creating a financial forecast for a new business.

[Read more: Startup 2021: Business Plan Financials ]

Start with a sales forecast

A sales forecast attempts to predict what your monthly sales will be for up to 18 months after launching your business. Creating a sales forecast without any past results is a little difficult. In this case, many entrepreneurs make their predictions using industry trends, market analysis demonstrating the population of potential customers and consumer trends. A sales forecast shows investors and lenders that you have a solid understanding of your target market and a clear vision of who will buy your product or service.

A sales forecast typically breaks down monthly sales by unit and price point. Beyond year two of being in business, the sales forecast can be shown quarterly, instead of monthly. Most financial lenders and investors like to see a three-year sales forecast as part of your startup business plan.

Lower fixed costs mean less risk, which might be theoretical in business schools but are very concrete when you have rent and payroll checks to sign.

Tim Berry, president and founder of Palo Alto Software

Create an expenses budget

An expenses budget forecasts how much you anticipate spending during the first years of operating. This includes both your overhead costs and operating expenses — any financial spending that you anticipate during the course of running your business.

Most experts recommend breaking down your expenses forecast by fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are things such as rent and payroll, while variable costs change depending on demand and sales — advertising and promotional expenses, for instance. Breaking down costs into these two categories can help you better budget and improve your profitability.

"Lower fixed costs mean less risk, which might be theoretical in business schools but are very concrete when you have rent and payroll checks to sign," Tim Berry, president and founder of Palo Alto Software, told Inc . "Most of your variable costs are in those direct costs that belong in your sales forecast, but there are also some variable expenses, like ads and rebates and such."

Project your break-even point

Together, your expenses budget and sales forecast paints a picture of your profitability. Your break-even projection is the date at which you believe your business will become profitable — when more money is earned than spent. Very few businesses are profitable overnight or even in their first year. Most businesses take two to three years to be profitable, but others take far longer: Tesla , for instance, took 18 years to see its first full-year profit.

Lenders and investors will be interested in your break-even point as a projection of when they can begin to recoup their investment. Likewise, your CFO or operations manager can make better decisions after measuring the company’s results against its forecasts.

[Read more: ​​ Startup 2021: Writing a Business Plan? Here’s How to Do It, Step by Step ]

Develop a cash flow projection

A cash flow statement (or projection, for a new business) shows the flow of dollars moving in and out of the business. This is based on the sales forecast, your balance sheet and other assumptions you’ve used to create your expenses projection.

“If you are starting a new business and do not have these historical financial statements, you start by projecting a cash-flow statement broken down into 12 months,” wrote Inc . The cash flow statement will include projected cash flows from operating, investing and financing your business activities.

Keep in mind that most business plans involve developing specific financial documents: income statements, pro formas and a balance sheet, for instance. These documents may be required by investors or lenders; financial projections can help inform the development of those statements and guide your business as it grows.

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How To Create Startup Financial Projections [+Template]

Businesses run on revenue, and accurate startup financial projections are a vital tool that allows you to make major business decisions with confidence. Financial projections break down your estimated sales, expenses, profit, and cash flow to create a vision of your potential future.

In addition to decision-making, projections are huge for validating your business to investors or partners who can aid your growth. If you haven’t already created a financial statement, the metrics in this template can help you craft one to secure lenders.

Whether your startup is in the seed stage or you want to go public in the next few years, this financial projection template for startups can show you the best new opportunities for your business’s development.

In this article:

• What is a startup financial projection?
• How to write a financial projection
• Startup expenses
• Sales forecasts
• Operating expenses
• Income statements
• Balance sheet
• Break-even analysiFinancial ratios Startup financial
• rojections template

What is a financial projection for startups?

A financial projection uses existing revenue and expense data to estimate future cash flow in and out of the business with a month-to-month breakdown.

These financial forecasts allow businesses to establish internal goals and processes considering seasonality, industry trends, and financial history. These projections cover three to five years of cash flow and are valuable for making and supporting financial decisions.

Financial projections can also be used to validate the business’s expected growth and returns to entice investors. Though a financial statement is a better fit for most lenders, many actuals used to validate your forecast are applied to both documents.

Projections are great for determining how financially stable your business will be in the coming years, but they’re not 100% accurate. There are several variables that can impact your revenue performance, while financial projections identify these specific considerations:

• Internal sales trends
• Identifiable risks
• Opportunities for growth
• Core operation questions

To help manage unforeseeable risks and variables that could impact financial projections, you should review and update your report regularly — not just once a year. 

How do you write a financial projection for a startup?

Financial projections consider a range of internal revenue and expense data to estimate sales volumes, profit, costs, and a variety of financial ratios. All of this information is typically broken into two sections:

• Sales forecasts : includes units sold, number of customers, and profit
• Expense budget : includes fixed and variable operating costs

Financial projections also use existing financial statements to support your estimated forecasts, including:

• Income stateme
• Cash flow document

Gathering your business’s financial data and statements is one of the first steps to preparing your complete financial projection. Next, you’ll import that information into your financial projection document or template.

This foundation will help you build the rest of your forecast, which includes:

• Cash flow statements
• Break-even analysis
• Financial ratios

Once all of your data is gathered, you can organize your insights via a top-down or bottom-up forecasting methods.

The top-down approach begins with an overview of your market, then works into the details of your specific revenue. This can be especially valuable if you have a lot of industry data, or you’re a startup that doesn’t have existing sales to build from. However, this relies on a lot of averages and trends will be generalized.

Bottom-up forecasting begins with the details of your business and assumptions like your estimated sales and unit prices. You then use that foundation to determine your projected revenue. This process focuses on your business’s details across departments for more accurate reporting. However, mistakes early in forecasting can compound as you “build up.”

1. Startup expenses

If your startup is still in the seed stage or expected to grow significantly in the next few quarters, you’ll need to account for these additional expenses that companies beyond the expansion phase may not have to consider.

Depending on your startup stage, typical costs may include:

• Advertising and marketing
• Lawyer fees
• Licenses and permits
• Market research
• Merchandise
• Office space
• Website development

Many of these costs also fall under operating expenses, though as a startup, items like your office space lease may have additional costs to consider, like a down payment or renovation labor and materials.

2. Sales forecasts

Sales forecasts can be created using a number of different forecasting methods designed to determine how much an individual, team, or company will sell in a given amount of time.

This data is similar to your financial projections in that it helps your organization set targets, make informed business decisions, and identify new opportunities. A sales forecast report is just much more niche, using industry knowledge and historical sales data to determine your future sales. Gather data to include:

• Customer acquisition cost (CAC)
• Cost of goods sold (COGS)
• Sales quotas and attainment
• Pipeline coverage
• Customer relationship management (CRM) score
• Average Revenue Per User (ARPU), typically used for SaaS companies

Sales forecasts should consider interdepartmental trends and data, too. In addition to your sales process and historical details, connect with other teams to apply insights from:

• Marketing strategies for the forecast period
• New product launches
• Financial considerations and targets
• Employee needs and resources from HR

Your sales strategy and forecasts are directly tied to your financial success, so an accurate sales forecast is essential to creating an effective financial projection.

3. Operating expenses

Whereas the costs of goods solds (aka Cost of Sales or COGS) account for variable costs associated with producing the products or services you produce, operating expenses are the additional costs of running your startup, including everything from payroll and office rent to sales and marketing expenses.

In addition to these fixed costs, you’ll need to anticipate one-time costs, like replacing broken machinery or holiday bonuses. If you’ve been in business for a few years, you can take a look at previous years’ expenses to see what one-time costs you ran into, or estimate a percentage of your total expenses that contributed to variable costs.

4. Cash flow statements

Cash flow statements (CFS) compare a business’s incoming cash totals, including investments and operating profit, to their expected expenses, including operational costs and debt payments.

Cash flow shows a company’s overall money management and is one of three major financial statements, next to balance sheets and income statements. It can be calculated using one of two methods:

• Direct Method : calculates actual cash flow in and out of the company
• Indirect Method : adjusts net income considering non-cash revenue and expenses

Businesses can use either method to determine cash flow, though presentation differs slightly. Typically, indirect cash flow methods are preferred by accountants who largely use accrual accounting methods .

5. Income statements

Your income statement projection utilizes your sales forecasts, estimated expenses, and existing income statements to calculate an expected net income for the future.

In addition to the hard numbers available, you should apply your industry expertise to consider new opportunities for your business to grow. If you’re entering Series C, you should anticipate the extra investments and big returns that you’re aiming to experience this round.

Once you’ve collected your insights, use your existing income statement to track your estimated revenue and expenses. Total each and subtract the expenses from the revenue projections to determine your projected income for the period.

 6. Balance sheet

Your balance sheet is the final of the big three financial documents needed to establish your company’s financial standing. The balance sheet makes a case for your company’s financial health and future net worth using these details:

• Company’s assets
• Business’s liabilities
• Shareholders’ equity

This document breaks down the company’s owned assets vs. debt items. It most directly tracks earnings and spendings, and it also doubles as an actual to establish profitability for prospective investors.

7. Break-even analysis

Launching a startup or new product line requires a significant amount of capital upfront. But at some point, your new endeavor will generate a profit. A break-even analysis identifies the moment that your profit equals the exact amount of your initial investment, meaning you’ve broken even on the launch and you haven’t lost or gained money.

A break-even point (BEP) should be identified before launching your business to determine its viability. The higher your BEP, the more seed money you’ll need or the longer it will be until operations are self-sufficient.

Of course, you can also increase prices or reduce your production costs to lower the BEP.

As your business matures, you can use the BEP to weigh risks with your product decisions, like implementing a new product or removing an existing item from the mix.

8. Financial ratios

Financial ratios are common metrics that lenders use to check financial health using data from your financial statements. There are five core groups of financial ratios used to evaluate businesses, as well as an example of each:

Efficiency ratios : Analyze a company’s assets and liabilities to determine how efficiently it manages resources and its current performance.

Formula : Asset turnover ratio = net sales / average total assets

Leverage ratios : Measure a company’s debt levels compared to other financial metrics, like total assets or equity.

Formula : Debt ratio = total liabilities / total assets

Liquidity ratios : Compare a company’s liquid assets and its liabilities to lenders to determine its ability to repay debt.

Formula : Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities

Market value ratios : Determine a public company’s current stock share price.

Formula : Book value per share (BVPS) = (shareholder’s equity - preferred equity) / total outstanding shares

Profitability ratios : Utilize revenue, operating costs, equity, and other other balance sheet metrics to asses a company’s ability to generate profits.

Formula : Gross profit margin = revenue / COGS

Graphs and charts can provide visual representations of financial ratios, as well as other insights like revenue growth and cash flow. These assets provide an overview of the financial projections in one place for easy comparison and analysis.

Startup Financial Projections Template

As a startup, you have some extra considerations to apply to your financial projections. Download and customize our financial projections template for startups to begin importing your financial data and build a road map for your investments and growth. 

Plan for future success with HubSpot for Startups

A sound financial forecast paves the way for your next moves and reassures investors (and yourself) that your business has a bright future ahead. Use our startup financial projections template to estimate your revenue, expenses, and net income for the next three to five years.

Ready to invest in a CRM to help you increase sales and connect with your customers? HubSpot for Startups offers sales, marketing, and service software solutions that scale with your startup. 

Get the template

How to Create a Financial Forecast

Bryce Warnes

Reviewed by

July 15, 2022

This article is Tax Professional approved

Maybe your goal is world domination. Maybe you just want a sustainable side hustle. Either way, financial forecasting helps you understand the steps you need to take—and the numbers you need to hit—to make growth happen for your business.

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Plus, if you ever go looking for more funding, you’ll need financial forecasts to prove that your business is on track for growth.

Here’s everything you need on hand, and the steps you can take, to produce a reliable financial forecast.

What is a financial forecast?

A financial forecast tries to predict what your business will look like (financially) in the future. Pro forma financial statements are how you make those predictions somewhat concrete.

Pro forma statements are just like the financial statements you use each month to see how your business is performing. The only difference is that you prepare pro forma statements in advance, for future months and years.

There are three key pro forma statements you should be familiar with:

• The Income Statement
• The Cash Flow Statement
• The Balance Sheet

Helpful resource: How to Read and Analyze Financial Statements

Depending on your goals, these statements will cover different time spans. If you’re creating a financial forecast for your planning purposes, you should create pro forma statements covering six months to one year in the future.

If you’re presenting your forecast to a lender or investor, though, you should create pro forma statements covering the next one to three years.

Financial forecasting vs. budgeting

When you create a budget for your business , you plan to set aside money for certain costs, taking into account your income and expenses. The budget you make may be based on info from your financial forecast, but it’s distinct from the forecast itself.

Think of financial forecasting as a prediction, and budgeting as a plan. When you make a financial forecast, you see what direction your business is headed in, based on past performance and other factors, and use that to anticipate the future.

When you make a budget, you plan how you’re going to spend money based on what you expect your finances to look like in the future (your forecast).

For instance, if your financial forecast for next year says you’ll have an extra $5,000 in revenue, you might create a budget to decide how it will be spent—$2,000 for a new website, $1,000 for Facebook ads, and so on.

Three steps to creating your financial forecast

Ready to peer into the crystal ball and see the future of your business? There are three steps you need to follow:

• Gather your past financial statements. You’ll need to look at your past finances in order to project your income, cash flow, and balance.
• Decide how you’ll make projections. Besides past records, there’s other data you can draw on to make your projections more accurate.
• Prepare your pro forma statements. Pour a coffee and get ready to crunch some numbers.

Step one: Gather your records

If you’re not looking into the past to see how your business has grown, you’re not really forecasting—you’re just guessing.

You’ll need to gather past financial statements so you can see how your business has developed over time, and then project that development into the future.

Your bookkeeper or bookkeeping software should generate financial statements for you. If you don’t have either, and you don’t have financial statements, you’ll need to take care of that before you can start forecasting. You need complete bookkeeping in order to get the transaction history you base your financial statements on.

Put aside the task for financial forecasting for the moment, and learn how to catch up on your bookkeeping .

Once your books and financial statements are up to date, you’ll have everything you need to start planning for the future.

Step two: Decide how you’ll make your forecast

Depending what resources you choose to use, the type of forecast you create will fall between two poles— historical and researched-based.

Almost every financial forecast includes a little bit of historical forecasting, and a little bit that’s research-based. The blend you choose will depend on your needs and the resources at your disposal.

Remember, the goal is to create a realistic, useful forecast—without breaking the bank or eating up all your time.

Historical forecasting

When you use your financial history to plot the future, it’s historical forecasting . You’re looking at your last few annual Income Statements, Cash Flow Statements, and Balance Sheets to see how fast you’ve grown in the past. From there, you can make a guess about how fast you’ll grow this year.

The benefit of this is that it’s relatively easy to do and doesn’t take a lot of time, money, or expertise. The drawback is that you’re only using info about your own business, and not looking at broader market trends—like what your competition has been up to.

Historical forecasting is a good bet if you’re forecasting for modest growth, or else creating a quick-and-dirty forecast for your own use—not putting together a presentation for potential investors.

Research-based forecasting

When you do research about broader market trends, you’re using research-based forecasting . You may look at how your industry has performed over the past ten years, investigate new technologies and consumer trends, or try to measure the progress of your competitors. You might look at how companies similar to yours have planned their own growth.

The benefit of research-based forecasting is that you get a detailed, nuanced view of how your business could grow, taking into account a lot of different factors. And it’s the kind of forecast that investors and lenders want to see.

The drawback is that researched-based forecasting can be expensive. You may find you need to hire outside consultants and researchers to handle the heavy lifting.

Research-based forecasting is a good choice if you’re courting investors, or planning on rapid, aggressive growth. It’s also good if your company is brand new, and doesn’t have a lot of financial history to draw on for making projections

Step three: Create pro forma statements

Once you’ve collected the information you need to build your forecast, you can create pro forma statements.

We’ll cover the three key financial statements here. Whether you use all of them is up to you.

If you’re creating a quick forecast for your own planning, you may only need to create pro forma Income Statements. If you’re presenting to lenders or investors, you’ll want to use all three.

Rule of thumb: Any form you’d use in the month-to-month operation of your business should be created pro forma. For instance, if you move a lot of cash around every month, and you rely on Cash Flow Statements to make sure you’ve got enough money on hand to pay your vendors, then it’s wise to create pro forma Cash Flow Statements as part of your forecast.

Creating the pro forma Income Statement

First, set a goal—a projection—for sales in the period you’re looking at.

Let’s say you made $30,000 in sales this year. Next year, you want to make $60,000. So, your total sales will increase by $30,000.

Set a production schedule that will let you reach that goal, and map it out over the time period you’re covering. In our example, there will be 12 Income Statements in the year to come (one each month). Map out that $30,000 increase in sales over the 12 statements.

You could do this by increasing sales a fixed amount every month, or gradually increasing the amount of sales you make per month. It’s up to your instincts and experience as a business owner.

Then, it’s time for the “loss” part of “ profit and loss .” Calculate the cost of goods sold for each month, and deduct it from your sales. Deduct any other operating expenses you have, as well.

It’s important to take every expense into account so you get an accurate projection. If part of your plan is quadrupling your online advertising, be sure to include an expense that reflects that.

Once you’re done, your pro Forma Income Statements show you how much you can expect to earn and how much you can expect to spend in the time ahead.

Example Pro Forma Income Statement:

Karen’s Falafel Warehouse

Creating the pro forma Cash Flow Statement

You create a pro forma Cash Flow Statement a lot like the way you’d create a regular Cash Flow Statement. That means taking info from the Income Statement, and using the Cash Flow Statement format to plot out where your money is going, and how much you’ll have on hand at any one time.

Your projected cash flow can tell you a few things. If it’s in the negative, it means you’re not going to have enough cash on-hand to run your business, according to your current trajectory. You’ll need to make plans to borrow money and pay it off.

If your net cash flow is positive, you can plan on having enough surplus cash on hand to pay off loans, or save for a big investment.

Example Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement:

Ruth’s Raccoon Rescue and Rehabilitation Center

Creating the pro forma Balance Sheet

Drawing on info from the Income Statement and the Cash Flow Statement lets you create pro forma Balance Sheets. But you’ll also need previous Balance Sheets to make this useful—so you can follow the story of how your business got from “Balance A” to “Balance B.”

The Balance Sheet will project changes in your business accounts over time. That way, you can plan where to move money, when.

Example Pro Forma Balance Sheet:

Big Bill’s Budget Wedding Videos

Forecast vs. actuals

Once you’ve created a financial forecast, your work isn’t done. The vital second stage is to go back and record what your actual financials were in comparison to your forecast once the month or year is over.

Why is this so vital?

It helps you learn to forecast better next year, and when your forecast is way off, you can take notes for yourself on why that was.

For example:

• March revenue was much higher than I forecasted for. I didn’t realize there would be a seasonal boost over spring break.
• Sales were lower than I forecasted in the June. There was a miscommunication with the supplier and I didn’t have all the inventory I needed.

These mundane notes to yourself accumulate into invaluable business knowledge that help make every year more successful than the last.

Best, worst, and normal case projections

Whether you’re the kind of person who always sees the glass half full, or the kind who always sees it half empty, it’s a good idea to take into account different possible outcomes for your business.

Humans aren’t very good at predicting the future. Consider creating three different forecasts: One for the best case scenario, one for the worst, and one for the middle or “regular” scenario.

• Maybe the t-shirts you buy wholesale for your online store go up in price, like they did last year. Factor that into your worst case scenario .
• Maybe t-shirt prices stay the same, plus your new advertising plan takes off, and you get more business. Consider that the best case.
• Maybe everything more or less stays the same. Let’s call that the regular case.

The best/worst/regular trifecta is also useful when you’re making a budget for your business. For example, in January you might budget for a regular scenario. In this case, that means monthly sales revenue of $8,000.

However, in February say your revenue hits $10,000, and in March it’s $11,000. At that point, you may want to adjust your budget to the best case to scenario—since you’ll now have more money to reinvest in your business.

At the end of the day, the more robust your forecast, the better you’ll be able to plan the future of your business, and think on your feet. Plus, you’ll impress investors and lenders, by proving you’ve considered (almost) every possible outcome.

The better you understand how financial statements work, the easier you’ll find it to create financial forecasts. Before you start forecasting, take a look at our other helpful resources for understanding your small business financials:

• Financial Literacy 101 for Small Business Owners
• 10 Financial Ratios Every Small Business Owner Should Know
• Accounting Solutions: The Top 7 Ways to Get Your Accounting Done

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Original text

Financial projections use existing or estimated financial data to forecast your business’s future income and expenses. They often include different scenarios to see how changes to one aspect of your finances (such as higher sales or lower operating expenses) might affect your profitability.

If you need to create financial projections for a startup or existing business, this free, downloadable template includes all the necessary tools.

What Are Financial Projections Used for?

Financial projections are an essential business planning tool for several reasons.

• If you’re starting a business, financial projections help you plan your startup budget, assess when you expect the business to become profitable, and set benchmarks for achieving financial goals.
• If you’re already in business, creating financial projections each year can help you set goals and stay on track.
• When seeking outside financing, startups and existing businesses need financial projections to convince lenders and investors of the business’s growth potential.

What’s Included in Financial Projections?

This financial projections template pulls together several different financial documents, including:

• Startup expenses
• Payroll costs
• Sales forecast
• Operating expenses for the first 3 years of business
• Cash flow statements for the first 3 years of business
• Income statements for the first 3 years of business
• Balance sheet
• Break-even analysis
• Financial ratios
• Cost of goods sold (COGS), and
• Amortization and depreciation for your business.

You can use this template to create the documents from scratch or pull in information from those you’ve already made. The template also includes diagnostic tools to test the numbers in your financial projections and ensure they are within reasonable ranges.

These areas are closely related, so as you work on your financial projections, you’ll find that changes to one element affect the others. You may want to include a best-case and worst-case scenario for all possibilities. Make sure you know the assumptions behind your financial projections and can explain them to others.

Startup business owners often wonder how to create financial projections for a business that doesn’t exist yet. Financial forecasts are continually educated guesses. To make yours as accurate as possible, do your homework and get help. Use the information you unearthed in researching your business plans, such as statistics from industry associations, data from government sources, and financials from similar businesses. An accountant with experience in your industry can help fine-tune your financial projections. So can business advisors such as SCORE mentors.

Once you complete your financial projections, don’t put them away and forget about them. Compare your projections to your financial statements regularly to see how well your business meets your expectations. If your projections turn out to be too optimistic or too pessimistic, make the necessary adjustments to make them more accurate.

*NOTE: The cells with formulas in this workbook are locked. If changes are needed, the unlock code is "1234." Please use caution when unlocking the spreadsheets. If you want to change a formula, we strongly recommend saving a copy of this spreadsheet under a different name before doing so. 

We recommend downloading the  Financial Projections Template Guide in English  or  Espanol .

Do you need help creating your financial projections? Take SCORE’s online course on-demand on financial projections or connect with a SCORE mentor  online or in your community today.

Simple Steps for Starting Your Business: Financial Projections In this online module, you'll learn the importance of financial planning, how to build your financial model, how to understand financial statements and more.

Business Planning & Financial Statements Template Gallery Download SCORE’s templates to help you plan for a new business startup or grow your existing business.

Why Projected Financial Statements Are Essential to the Future Success of Startups Financial statements are vital to the success of any company but particularly start-ups. SCORE mentor Sarah Hadjhamou shares why they are a big part of growing your start-up.

Copyright © 2024 SCORE Association, SCORE.org

Funded, in part, through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Small Business Administration. All opinions, and/or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SBA.

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• Building Your Business

How To Create Financial Projections for Your Business

Learn how to anticipate your business’s financial performance

• Understanding Financial Projections & Forecasting

Why Forecasting Is Critical for Your Business

Key financial statements for forecasting, how to create your financial projections, frequently asked questions (faqs).

Maskot / Getty Images

Just like a weather forecast lets you know that wearing closed-toe shoes will be important for that afternoon downpour later, a good financial forecast allows you to better anticipate financial highs and lows for your business.

Neglecting to compile financial projections for your business may signal to investors that you’re unprepared for the future, which may cause you to lose out on funding opportunities.

Read on to learn more about financial projections, how to compile and use them in a business plan, and why they can be crucial for every business owner.

Key Takeaways

• Financial forecasting is a projection of your business's future revenues and expenses based on comparative data analysis, industry research, and more.
• Financial projections are a valuable tool for entrepreneurs as they offer insight into a business's ability to generate profit, increase cash flow, and repay debts, which can be attractive to investors.
• Some of the key components to include in a financial projection include a sales projection, break-even analysis, and pro forma balance sheet and income statement.
• A financial projection can not only attract investors, but helps business owners anticipate fixed costs, find a break-even point, and prepare for the unexpected.

Understanding Financial Projections and Forecasting

Financial forecasting is an educated estimate of future revenues and expenses that involves comparative analysis to get a snapshot of what could happen in your business’s future.

This process helps in making predictions about future business performance based on current financial information, industry trends, and economic conditions. Financial forecasting also helps businesses make decisions about investments, financing sources, inventory management, cost control strategies, and even whether to move into another market.

Developing both short- and mid-term projections is usually necessary to help you determine immediate production and personnel needs as well as future resource requirements for raw materials, equipment, and machinery.

Financial projections are a valuable tool for entrepreneurs as they offer insight into a business's ability to generate profit, increase cash flow, and repay debts. They can also be used to make informed decisions about the business’s plans. Creating an accurate, adaptive financial projection for your business offers many benefits, including:

• Attracting investors and convincing them to fund your business
• Anticipating problems before they arise
• Visualizing your small-business objectives and budgets
• Demonstrating how you will repay small-business loans
• Planning for more significant business expenses
• Showing business growth potential
• Helping with proper pricing and production planning

Financial forecasting is essentially predicting the revenue and expenses for a business venture. Whether your business is new or established, forecasting can play a vital role in helping you plan for the future and budget your funds.

Creating financial projections may be a necessary exercise for many businesses, particularly those that do not have sufficient cash flow or need to rely on customer credit to maintain operations. Compiling financial information, knowing your market, and understanding what your potential investors are looking for can enable you to make intelligent decisions about your assets and resources.

The income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flow are three key financial reports needed for forecasting that can also provide analysts with crucial information about a business's financial health. Here is a closer look at each.

Income Statement

An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement or P&L, is a financial document that provides an overview of an organization's revenues, expenses, and net income.

Balance Sheet

The balance sheet is a snapshot of the business's assets and liabilities at a certain point in time. Sometimes referred to as the “financial portrait” of a business, the balance sheet provides an overview of how much money the business has, what it owes, and its net worth.

The assets side of the balance sheet includes what the business owns as well as future ownership items. The other side of the sheet includes liabilities and equity, which represent what it owes or what others owe to the business.

A balance sheet that shows hypothetical calculations and future financial projections is also referred to as a “pro forma” balance sheet.

Cash Flow Statement

A cash flow statement monitors the business’s inflows and outflows—both cash and non-cash. Cash flow is the business’s projected earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ( EBITDA ) minus capital investments.

Here's how to compile your financial projections and fit the results into the three above statements.

A financial projections spreadsheet for your business should include these metrics and figures:

• Sales forecast
• Balance sheet
• Operating expenses
• Payroll expenses (if applicable)
• Amortization and depreciation
• Cash flow statement
• Income statement
• Cost of goods sold (COGS)
• Break-even analysis

Here are key steps to account for creating your financial projections.

Projecting Sales

The first step for a financial forecast starts with projecting your business’s sales, which are typically derived from past revenue as well as industry research. These projections allow businesses to understand what their risks are and how much they will need in terms of staffing, resources, and funding.

Sales forecasts also enable businesses to decide on important levels such as product variety, price points, and inventory capacity.

Income Statement Calculations

A projected income statement shows how much you expect in revenue and profit—as well as your estimated expenses and losses—over a specific time in the future. Like a standard income statement, elements on a projection include revenue, COGS, and expenses that you’ll calculate to determine figures such as the business’s gross profit margin and net income.

If you’re developing a hypothetical, or pro forma, income statement, you can use historical data from previous years’ income statements. You can also do a comparative analysis of two different income statement periods to come up with your figures.

Anticipate Fixed Costs

Fixed business costs are expenses that do not change based on the number of products sold. The best way to anticipate fixed business costs is to research your industry and prepare a budget using actual numbers from competitors in the industry. Anticipating fixed costs ensures your business doesn’t overpay for its needs and balances out its variable costs. A few examples of fixed business costs include:

• Rent or mortgage payments
• Operating expenses (also called selling, general and administrative expenses or SG&A)
• Utility bills
• Insurance premiums

Unfortunately, it might not be possible to predict accurately how much your fixed costs will change in a year due to variables such as inflation, property, and interest rates. It’s best to slightly overestimate fixed costs just in case you need to account for these potential fluctuations.

Find Your Break-Even Point

The break-even point (BEP) is the number at which a business has the same expenses as its revenue. In other words, it occurs when your operations generate enough revenue to cover all of your business’s costs and expenses. The BEP will differ depending on the type of business, market conditions, and other factors.

To find this number, you need to determine two things: your fixed costs and variable costs. Once you have these figures, you can find your BEP using this formula:

Break-even point = fixed expenses ➗ 1 – (variable expenses ➗ sales)

The BEP is an essential consideration for any projection because it is the point at which total revenue from a project equals total cost. This makes it the point of either profit or loss.

Plan for the Unexpected

It is necessary to have the proper financial safeguards in place to prepare for any unanticipated costs. A sudden vehicle repair, a leaky roof, or broken equipment can quickly derail your budget if you aren't prepared. Cash management is a financial management plan that ensures a business has enough cash on hand to maintain operations and meet short-term obligations.

To maintain cash reserves, you can apply for overdraft protection or an overdraft line of credit. Overdraft protection can be set up by a bank or credit card business and provides short-term loans if the account balance falls below zero. On the other hand, a line of credit is an agreement with a lending institution in which they provide you with an unsecured loan at any time until your balance reaches zero again.

How do you make financial projections for startups?

Financial projections for startups can be hard to complete. Historical financial data may not be available. Find someone with financial projections experience to give insight on risks and outcomes.

Consider business forecasting, too, which incorporates assumptions about the exponential growth of your business.

Startups can also benefit from using EBITDA to get a better look at potential cash flow.

What are the benefits associated with forecasting business finances?

Forecasting can be beneficial for businesses in many ways, including:

• Providing better understanding of your business cash flow
• Easing the process of planning and budgeting for the future based on income
• Improving decision-making
• Providing valuable insight into what's in their future
• Making decisions on how to best allocate resources for success

How many years should your financial forecast be?

Your financial forecast should either be projected over a specific time period or projected into perpetuity. There are various methods for determining how long a financial forecasting projection should go out, but many businesses use one to five years as a standard timeframe.

U.S. Small Business Administration. " Market Research and Competitive Analysis ."

Score. " Financial Projections Template ."

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7 Financial Forecasting Methods to Predict Business Performance

• 21 Jun 2022

Much of accounting involves evaluating past performance. Financial results demonstrate business success to both shareholders and the public. Planning and preparing for the future, however, is just as important.

Shareholders must be reassured that a business has been, and will continue to be, successful. This requires financial forecasting.

Here's an overview of how to use pro forma statements to conduct financial forecasting, along with seven methods you can leverage to predict a business's future performance.

What Is Financial Forecasting?

Financial forecasting is predicting a company’s financial future by examining historical performance data, such as revenue, cash flow, expenses, or sales. This involves guesswork and assumptions, as many unforeseen factors can influence business performance.

Financial forecasting is important because it informs business decision-making regarding hiring, budgeting, predicting revenue, and strategic planning . It also helps you maintain a forward-focused mindset.

Each financial forecast plays a major role in determining how much attention is given to individual expense items. For example, if you forecast high-level trends for general planning purposes, you can rely more on broad assumptions than specific details. However, if your forecast is concerned with a business’s future, such as a pending merger or acquisition, it's important to be thorough and detailed.

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Forecasting with Pro Forma Statements

A common type of forecasting in financial accounting involves using pro forma statements . Pro forma statements focus on a business's future reports, which are highly dependent on assumptions made during preparation⁠, such as expected market conditions.

Because the term "pro forma" refers to projections or forecasts, pro forma statements apply to any financial document, including:

• Income statements
• Balance sheets
• Cash flow statements

These statements serve both internal and external purposes. Internally, you can use them for strategic planning. Identifying future revenues and expenses can greatly impact business decisions related to hiring and budgeting. Pro forma statements can also inform endeavors by creating multiple statements and interchanging variables to conduct side-by-side comparisons of potential outcomes.

Externally, pro forma statements can demonstrate the risk of investing in a business. While this is an effective form of forecasting, investors should know that pro forma statements don't typically comply with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) . This is because pro forma statements don't include one-time expenses—such as equipment purchases or company relocations—which allows for greater accuracy because those expenses don't reflect a company’s ongoing operations.

7 Financial Forecasting Methods

Pro forma statements are incredibly valuable when forecasting revenue, expenses, and sales. These findings are often further supported by one of seven financial forecasting methods that determine future income and growth rates.

There are two primary categories of forecasting: quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative Methods

When producing accurate forecasts, business leaders typically turn to quantitative forecasts , or assumptions about the future based on historical data.

1. Percent of Sales

Internal pro forma statements are often created using percent of sales forecasting . This method calculates future metrics of financial line items as a percentage of sales. For example, the cost of goods sold is likely to increase proportionally with sales; therefore, it’s logical to apply the same growth rate estimate to each.

To forecast the percent of sales, examine the percentage of each account’s historical profits related to sales. To calculate this, divide each account by its sales, assuming the numbers will remain steady. For example, if the cost of goods sold has historically been 30 percent of sales, assume that trend will continue.

2. Straight Line

The straight-line method assumes a company's historical growth rate will remain constant. Forecasting future revenue involves multiplying a company’s previous year's revenue by its growth rate. For example, if the previous year's growth rate was 12 percent, straight-line forecasting assumes it'll continue to grow by 12 percent next year.

Although straight-line forecasting is an excellent starting point, it doesn't account for market fluctuations or supply chain issues.

3. Moving Average

Moving average involves taking the average—or weighted average—of previous periods⁠ to forecast the future. This method involves more closely examining a business’s high or low demands, so it’s often beneficial for short-term forecasting. For example, you can use it to forecast next month’s sales by averaging the previous quarter.

Moving average forecasting can help estimate several metrics. While it’s most commonly applied to future stock prices, it’s also used to estimate future revenue.

To calculate a moving average, use the following formula:

A1 + A2 + A3 … / N

Formula breakdown:

A = Average for a period

N = Total number of periods

Using weighted averages to emphasize recent periods can increase the accuracy of moving average forecasts.

4. Simple Linear Regression

Simple linear regression forecasts metrics based on a relationship between two variables⁠: dependent and independent. The dependent variable represents the forecasted amount, while the independent variable is the factor that influences the dependent variable.

The equation for simple linear regression is:

Y ⁠ = Dependent variable⁠ (the forecasted number)

B = Regression line's slope

X = Independent variable

A = Y-intercept

5. Multiple Linear Regression

If two or more variables directly impact a company's performance, business leaders might turn to multiple linear regression . This allows for a more accurate forecast, as it accounts for several variables that ultimately influence performance.

To forecast using multiple linear regression, a linear relationship must exist between the dependent and independent variables. Additionally, the independent variables can’t be so closely correlated that it’s impossible to tell which impacts the dependent variable.

Qualitative Methods

When it comes to forecasting, numbers don't always tell the whole story. There are additional factors that influence performance and can't be quantified. Qualitative forecasting relies on experts’ knowledge and experience to predict performance rather than historical numerical data.

These forecasting methods are often called into question, as they're more subjective than quantitative methods. Yet, they can provide valuable insight into forecasts and account for factors that can’t be predicted using historical data.

6. Delphi Method

The Delphi method of forecasting involves consulting experts who analyze market conditions to predict a company's performance.

A facilitator reaches out to those experts with questionnaires, requesting forecasts of business performance based on their experience and knowledge. The facilitator then compiles their analyses and sends them to other experts for comments. The goal is to continue circulating them until a consensus is reached.

7. Market Research

Market research is essential for organizational planning. It helps business leaders obtain a holistic market view based on competition, fluctuating conditions, and consumer patterns. It’s also critical for startups when historical data isn’t available. New businesses can benefit from financial forecasting because it’s essential for recruiting investors and budgeting during the first few months of operation.

When conducting market research, begin with a hypothesis and determine what methods are needed. Sending out consumer surveys is an excellent way to better understand consumer behavior when you don’t have numerical data to inform decisions.

Improve Your Forecasting Skills

Financial forecasting is never a guarantee, but it’s critical for decision-making. Regardless of your business’s industry or stage, it’s important to maintain a forward-thinking mindset—learning from past patterns is an excellent way to plan for the future.

If you’re interested in further exploring financial forecasting and its role in business, consider taking an online course, such as Financial Accounting , to discover how to use it alongside other financial tools to shape your business.

Do you want to take your financial accounting skills to the next level? Consider enrolling in Financial Accounting —one of three courses comprising our Credential of Readiness (CORe) program —to learn how to use financial principles to inform business decisions. Not sure which course is right for you? Download our free flowchart .

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How to create a financial forecast for a new business

Table of Contents

What are financial forecasts?

Why are financial forecasts important, measuring success , attracting investors, how can i create a financial forecast for my new business, creating forecasts by researching competitors , creating forecasts by researching your target market.

Running a business requires you to plan ahead frequently. If you don’t and there are unexpected expenses or losses in your future, your business may end up suffering. In order to prevent these kinds of setbacks, business owners create financial forecasts.

This article will provide you with a few ideas on how to make financial forecasts for your business. We’ll cover a few topics, including:

• How can Countingup help me create financial forecasts?

Financial forecasts are basically a prediction of what will happen to your business finances in the future. Most established businesses create them using historical data: the financial events of the previous month provide a rough outline of what to expect, then they adjust the new forecast to account for any events specific to the upcoming month.

This article will focus on creating a financial forecast as a new business, which means you may not have historical financial records available. Fortunately, there are other methods of creating a financial forecast for new businesses.

An important point to remember is the difference between a forecast and a budget . In business, a budget is a document that shows how you would like your company finances to look in the long term. Most companies make them annually, and they cover every aspect of the company’s finances. They should also act more as a goal or an ideal, rather than an actual prediction.

Forecasts, on the other hand, more accurately reflect what’s happening with your business. They cover a shorter period of time and focus on a particular part of your accounts, like sales or cash flow . While a budget can guide the overall direction of your business, you can use forecasts to make more specific and urgent decisions. 

Financial forecasts are vital for a business to measure its success . Although a forecast should be realistic rather than show the perfect financial future for your business, selling much less and spending much more than your forecast indicated means something is going wrong within your company. Always compare your financial forecasts with your actual financial data to ensure your business is improving rather than struggling.

Having a few different high-quality financial forecasts as part of your business plan is an excellent way to attract investors to your business . Accurate forecasts indicate to potential investors that you have a good idea of what the future holds for your company, which will make them more confident when investing.

Of course, people are only likely to invest in your company if the forecasts also show that you’ll be successful, but showing the positive impact their investment could have might persuade them to put money into your business idea.

Researching your competitors is a key part of writing your business plan , but this research is also very valuable for creating forecasts. For example, if your research can dig up competitors’ sales figures or expenses, it will provide a good outline for how your sales and expenses might look, so you can use this as a starting point for making forecasts.

This method is particularly useful if your competitors are registered as limited companies , as these businesses must make their accounts publicly available. Simply find your competition on the government website Companies House , and you can examine their financial data in detail.

Please note that if your competitors are mostly sole traders, this method will be far more difficult to use, as their accounts will not be publicly available. 

Another key subject for research when you’re starting your business is your target market . A target market is a group that a particular product has the potential to be popular with, so most businesses focus a lot of marketing on attracting their target market. 

With enough research, you can find out how many people in your local area are part of your target market and how much of your product your target market is likely to buy. Once you have this information, you can start making all sorts of financial forecasts.

For example, you can create a sales forecast if you know how large your target market is, as this will give you an idea of how many people will be interested in buying your product. Then, using your sales forecast, you can start checking how much the amount of inventory you’ll need will cost. Once you have this price, you can also create an expense forecast. 

Both these methods are very helpful to new businesses that have no historical financial data. Remember that forecasts based on historical data can be much more accurate, though, so incorporate that data into your forecasts after a couple of months. 

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Financial Templates for Your Business Plan

Income statement, balance sheet, cash flow, and more, use the financial statements template to prepare what you need for your business plan..

The financial statements template for each of the major financials will help you create exactly what you need for your business plan.  The links in the left column will help you find exactly which financial statements template you need.

The financial projections of your business plan are very important to investors, lenders, and to you too of course! Yet, many new business owners struggle to understand how to create a pro-forma or projected income statement, statement of cash flow and balance sheet. That’s okay! In this section, you’ll learn what each of these financial statements is about, how they are different, and what they include. If you have some background in accounting or finance, the sections below will give you great guidance on what to include in your business plan and how to present it.

Included in this Section

• Income Statement
• Balance Sheet
• Sources and Uses of Funds

If you are a future business owner without any accounting background, you’ll learn the basics of each type of financial statement so that when you reach for outside help, you won’t be in the dark. Better still, by reading the information below, you’ll gain the confidence to discuss your financial statements with a lender, banker or investor. When making a loan or investment, bankers will want to know that you understand the basics of financial statements. The information, guidelines, examples and templates in the sections below will make sure that you do.

Click any section title in the left column for a detailed description and complete overview of what should be included, mistakes to avoid, and important considerations.

Your business plan needs to include a pro-forma balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. The term “pro-forma” means projected or forecast. Most future business owners who do not have experience with financial statements seek outside help to complete this part of their plan. Whether you plan to prepare your own financials or get outside help, this section is intended to make sure that you know what to include and that you will be well prepared to discuss your financial statements with a banker or investor.

When working on  how to prepare a balance sheet , income statement and statement of cash flow, plan to prepare quarterly projections for year 1, and yearly projections for years 2-3.  Some investors or bankers will expect 5 year projections but that is not as common for startup businesses.  If you’re new to financial statements, here is a brief definition of each type:

Income Statement: Also known as a profit and loss statement. Shows the company’s revenue, expenses, and profit or loss. Key formula: Total Revenue – Total Expenses = Profit or Loss.  This is an important financial statement that you should learn to work with very carefully–it tells you how your business is doing each month. Our financial statements template for profit and loss will help you learn the key concepts.

Balance Sheet:  This financial statement template will help you show the value of the company’s assets, liabilities and owner’s equity. Key equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity. Additionally, when creating your sample balance sheet , understand that this is the only financial statement that applies to a single point in time. It is a “snapshot” at a given point in time, unlike the other financial statements that show activity throughout a period of time. A small business balance sheet should include assets such as: cash, accounts receivable, and inventory.

Statement of Cash Flow:  The statement of cash flow financial statement template maps inflows and outflows of cash. Sales and profit alone don’t tell the whole story. It’s important to know when money will come in and when money will be going out.

There are several key questions to be answered by this section of the plan. Lenders will want to know if the business will be able to repay the loan they are seeking. Investors will want to see if the longer-term growth trends represent a good investment for them. Both lenders and investors will want to see that the business is sufficiently capitalized so that it doesn’t run out of money, and how fast the business can reach break-even and become profitable.

Business Plan Outline for Financials:

• 3-Year Pro-Forma Income Statement
• Balance Sheet at the end of Years 1, 2 and 3
• 3-Year Pro-Forma Statement of Cash Flow
• Capitalization (Sources and Uses of Funds)

Important Considerations

Historical financial statements are different from those presented in a business plan. Historical financial statements report on a business’s actual financial performance and are used, in part, to prepare income taxes. They must take into account tax laws regarding depreciation, revenue recognition and other matters. While the financial statements for a business plan must be thorough, they are used for different purposes and require a different level of detail.

There are two overarching considerations for your pro-forma financial statements: First, they must match what you say in your business plan. Everything referenced in the text of the business plan must be included in the financial statements. For example, if the business plan says that there will be 15 people on the payroll at the end of the first year, the payroll section of the income statement must show the payroll expense for 15 people at month 12. If your marketing section says there will be an advertising blitz just prior to the holidays, then the marketing expense line of your income statement must reflect that. Everything must match up.

The second overarching consideration for your financial projections is, “How reasonable are your expectations?” Since nobody knows if your forecasts are accurate, you will need to emphasize how reasonable they are. Here are three examples of trouble signs from financial statements from business plans we have reviewed (critiques are shown in italics):

• A company was applying for a business loan from a bank. The income statement forecasted that the business would still be losing money in three years. It was not reasonable to expect a bank to lend money to this business when the financial statements projected they would not be able to repay the loan.
• A start-up was forecasting that their revenue would go from $0 to over $1 billion in 3 years, with an investment of just $250,000. This revenue forecast was not realistic. Not even Google grew that fast in its first three years.
• A business plan showed profit margins of 50% when the industry average for their type of business was 15%. The profit margins are not reasonable. An experienced lender or investor would recognize that this person either did not have a good handle on operations costs or pricing, or both.

For more information or the specific financial statements template you need, see the specific sections on the Balance Sheet ,  Income Statement  or  Cash Flow Statement .   Or, for a different perspective, see the Wikipedia page on the financial statements template which you can find here .

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Financial Assumptions and Your Business Plan

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Financial assumptions are an integral part of a well-written business plan. You can’t accurately forecast the future without them. Invest the time to write solid assumptions so you have a good foundation for your financial forecast.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here

What are Financial Assumptions?

Financial assumptions are the guidelines you give your business plan to follow. They can range from financial forecasts about costs, revenue, return on investment, and operating and startup expenses. Basically, financial assumptions serve as a forecast of what your business will do in the future. You need to include them so that anyone reading your plan will have some idea of how accurate its projections may be.

Of course, your financial assumptions should accurately reflect the information you’ve given in your business plan and they should be reasonably accurate. You need to keep this in mind when you make them because if you make outlandish claims, it will make people less likely to believe any part of your business plan including other financial projections that may be accurate.

That’s why you always want to err on the side of caution when it comes to financial assumptions for your business plan. The more conservative your assumptions are the more likely you’ll be able to hit them, and the less likely you’ll be off by so much that people will ignore everything in your plan.

Why are Financial Assumptions Important?

Many investors skip straight to the financial section of your business plan. It is critical that your assumptions and projections in this section be realistic. Plans that show penetration, operating margin, and revenues per employee figures that are poorly reasoned; internally inconsistent, or simply unrealistic greatly damage the credibility of the entire business plan. In contrast, sober, well-reasoned financial assumptions and projections communicate operational maturity and credibility.

For instance, if the company is categorized as a networking infrastructure firm, and the business plan projects 80% operating margins, investors will raise a red flag. This is because investors can readily access the operating margins of publicly-traded networking infrastructure firms and find that none have operating margins this high.

As much as possible, the financial assumptions should be based on actual results from your or other firms. As the example above indicates, it is fairly easy to look at a public company’s operating margins and use these margins to approximate your own. Likewise, the business plan should base revenue growth on other firms. 

Many firms find this impossible, since they believe they have a breakthrough product in their market, and no other company compares. In such a case, base revenue growth on companies in other industries that have had breakthrough products. If you expect to grow even faster than they did (maybe because of new technologies that those firms weren’t able to employ), you can include more aggressive assumptions in your business plan as long as you explain them in the text.

The financial assumptions can either enhance or significantly harm your business plan’s chances of assisting you in the capital-raising process. By doing the research to develop realistic assumptions, based on actual results of your or other companies, the financials can bolster your firm’s chances of winning investors. As importantly, the more realistic financials will also provide a better roadmap for your company’s success.

    Finish Your Business Plan Today!

Financial assumptions vs projections.

Financial Assumptions – Estimates of future financial results that are based on historical data, an understanding of the business, and a company’s operational strategy.

Financial Projections – Estimates of future financial results that are calculated from the assumptions factored into the financial model.

The assumptions are your best guesses of what the future holds; the financial projections are numerical versions of those assumptions. 

Key Assumptions By Financial Statement

Below you will find a list of the key business assumptions by the financial statement:

Income Statement

The income statement assumptions should include revenue, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and depreciation/amortization, as well as any other line items that will impact the income statement.

When you are projecting future operating expenses, you should project these figures based on historical information and then adjust them as necessary with the intent to optimize and/or minimize them.

Balance Sheet

The balance sheet assumptions should include assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity, as well as any other line items that will impact the balance sheet. One of the most common mistakes is not including all cash inflows and outflows.

Cash Flow Statement

Cash flow assumptions should be made, but they do not impact the balance sheet or income statement until actually received or paid. You can include the cumulative cash flow assumption on the financial model to be sure it is included with each year’s projections. 

The cumulative cash flow assumption is useful for showing your investors and potential investors how you will spend the money raised. This line item indicates how much of the initial investment will be spent each year, which allows you to control your spending over time.

Notes to Financial Statements

The notes to financial statements should explain assumptions made by management regarding accounting policies, carrying value of long-lived assets, goodwill impairment testing, contingencies, and income taxes. It is important not only to list these items within the notes but also to provide a brief explanation.

What are the Assumptions Needed in Preparing a Financial Model?

In our article on “ How to Create Financial Projections for Your Business Plan ,” we list the 25+ most common assumptions to include in your financial model. Below are a few of them:

For EACH key product or service you offer:

• What is the number of units you expect to sell each month?
• What is your expected monthly sales growth rate?

For EACH subscription/membership you offer:

• What is the monthly/quarterly/annual price of your membership?
• How many members do you have now or how many members do you expect to gain in the first month/quarter/year?

Cost Assumptions

• What is your monthly salary? What is the annual growth rate in your salary?
• What is your monthly salary for the rest of your team? What is the expected annual growth rate in your team’s salaries?
• What is your initial monthly marketing expense? What is the expected annual growth rate in your marketing expense?

Assumptions related to Capital Expenditures, Funding, Tax and Balance Sheet Items

• How much money do you need for capital expenditures in your first year  (to buy computers, desks, equipment, space build-out, etc.)
• How much other funding do you need right now?
• What is the number of years in which your debt (loan) must be paid back

Properly Preparing Your Financial Assumptions

So how do you prepare your financial assumptions? It’s recommended that you use a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel. You’ll need to create separate columns for each line item and then fill in the cells with the example information described below.

Part 1 – Current Financials

Year to date (YTD) units sold and units forecast for next year. This is the same as YTD revenue, but you divide by the number of days in the period to get an average daily amount. If your plan includes a pro forma financial section, your financial assumptions will be projections that are consistent with the pro forma numbers.

Part 2 – Financial Assumptions

Estimated sales forecasts for next year by product or service line, along with the associated margin. List all major items in this section, not just products. For instance, you might include “Professional Services” as a separate item, with revenue and margin information.

List the number of employees needed to support this level of business, including yourself or key managers, along with your cost assumptions for compensation, equipment leasing (if applicable), professional services (accounting/legal/consultants), and other line items.

Part 3 – Projected Cash Flow Statement and Balance Sheet

List all key assumptions like: sources and uses of cash, capital expenditures, Planned and Unplanned D&A (depreciation & amortization), changes in operating assets and liabilities, along with those for investing activities. For example, you might list the assumptions as follows:

• Increases in accounts receivable from customers based on assumed sales levels
• Decreases in inventory due to increased sales
• Increases in accounts payable due to higher expenses for the year
• Decrease in unearned revenue as evidenced by billings received compared with those projected (if there is no change, enter 0)
• Increase/decrease in other current assets due to changes in business conditions
• Increase/decrease in other current liabilities due to changes in business conditions
• Increases in long term debt (if necessary)
• Cash acquired from financing activities (interest expense, dividends paid, etc.)

You make many of these assumptions based on your own experience. It is also helpful to look at the numbers for public companies and use those as a benchmark.

Part 4 – Future Financials

This section is for more aggressive financial projections that can be part of your plan, but which you cannot necessarily prove at the present time. This could include:

• A projection of earnings per share (EPS) using the assumptions above and additional information such as new products, new customer acquisition, expansion into new markets
• New product lines or services to be added in the second year. List the projected amount of revenue and margin associated with these items
• A change in your gross margins due to a specific initiative you are planning, such as moving from a high volume/low margin business to a low volume/high margin business

Part 5 – Calculations

Calculate all critical financial numbers like:

• Cash flow from operating activities (CFO)
• Operating income or loss (EBITDA)  (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization)
• EBITDA margin (gross profits divided by revenue less cost of goods sold)
• Adjusted EBITDA (CFO plus other cash changes like capital expenditure, deferred taxes, non-cash stock compensation, and other items)
• Net income or loss before tax  (EBT)
• Cash from financing activities (increase/decrease in debt and equity)

Part 6 – Sensitivity Analysis

If your assumptions are reasonably accurate, you will have a column for “base case” and a column for “worst case.”  If you have a lot of variables with different possible outcomes, just list the potential range in one cell.

Calculate both EBITDA margins and EPS ranges at each level.

Part 7 – Section Highlights

Just list the two or three key points you want to make. If it is hard to distill them down, you need to go back and work on Part 3 until it makes sense.

Part 8 – Financial Summary

Include all the key numbers from your assumptions, section highlights, and calculations. In one place, you can add up CFO, EPS at different levels, and EBITDA margins under both base case and worst-case scenarios to give a complete range for each assumption.

The key to a successful business plan is being able to clearly communicate your financial assumptions. Be sure to include your assumptions in the narrative of your plan so you can clearly explain why you are making them. If you are using the business plan for financing or other purposes, it may also be helpful to include a separate “financials” section so people unfamiliar with your industry can quickly find and understand key information.

How to Finish Your Business Plan in 1 Day!

Don’t you wish there was a faster, easier way to finish your business plan and financial projections?

With Growthink’s Ultimate Business Plan Template you can finish your plan in just 8 hours or less!

It includes a full financial model. It lists all the key financial assumptions and you simply need to plug in answers to the assumptions and your complete financial projections (income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, charts and graphs) are automatically generated!

Click here to see how Growthink’s professional business plan consulting services can create your business plan for you.

OR, Let Us Develop Your Plan For You

Since 1999, Growthink has developed business plans for thousands of companies who have gone on to achieve tremendous success.

Click here to see how our professional business plan writers can create your business plan for you.

If you just need a financial model for your business plan, learn more about our financial modeling services .  

Other Resources for Writing Your Business Plan

• How to Write an Executive Summary
• How to Expertly Write the Company Description in Your Business Plan
• How to Write the Market Analysis Section of a Business Plan
• The Customer Analysis Section of Your Business Plan
• Completing the Competitive Analysis Section of Your Business Plan
• How to Write the Management Team Section of a Business Plan + Examples
• How to Create Financial Projections for Your Business Plan
• Everything You Need to Know about the Business Plan Appendix
• Business Plan Conclusion: Summary & Recap

Other Helpful Business Plan Articles & Templates

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2024 Basic Business Plan Template for Small Business Owners

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Simple and Basic Business Plan Template for Small Businesses

Antonio Del Cueto, CPA

April 5, 2024

Did you know that 42% of small businesses fail within the first four years ? The dream of starting your own venture can quickly turn sour without a roadmap for success. That's where a business plan comes in. This article introduces a comprehensive business plan template designed to dramatically increase your odds of becoming a thriving statistic .

Studies show that businesses with a well-defined plan are twice as likely to survive beyond the five-year mark . This template will guide you through crafting a document that outlines your goals, target market, financial projections, and competitive edge. By dedicating time to planning, you'll gain a clearer understanding of your business concept, identify potential roadblocks , and attract investors who believe in your vision. So, ditch the guesswork and unlock the power of planning.

Are you in the process of starting your own business? Download FREE our business plan template here.

What is a Basic Business Plan Template and Why Do You Need One?

A business plan template is a step-by-step guide that helps you create a plan for your business. It's like a map for your 2024 startup journey. This template shows you what to do first, next, and last. You need one because it helps you think about all the important parts of your business upfront.

Importance of Having a Business Plan Template

A business plan template is crucial. It helps you outline your value proposition, which is what makes your business special. It also makes sure you think about your potential investors. They want to see a clear plan before they give you money. Plus, a template helps you organize your thoughts and ideas in one place.

Key Sections of a Simple Business Plan Template

In a basic template , there are some key elements you can't skip. These include a company description that tells people what you do. You also need a marketing strategy to explain how you'll find customers. Don't forget about competitive analysis, which shows how you stack up against others. Finally, financial forecasts predict your money flow, and supporting documents back up everything you say.

How to Tailor a Business Plan Template for Your 2024 Startup

To customize a business plan for your startup, start with the high-level stuff. Add your unique company description and value proposition. Show how you're different to get a competitive advantage. Update the marketing strategy to fit today's world. Make sure your financial forecasts are fresh and include all costs and expected income. Add any new documents that support your plan.

Remember, a good business plan template guides you but doesn't limit you. Always include what makes your business shine and use the template to help you organize your great ideas.

Essential Components of a Startup Business Plan

Starting a new business? You’ll need a plan that shows what your business is about and how you plan to make it successful. Let's look at what makes up a good business plan.

Writing an Effective Executive Summary

The executive summary is like a quick snapshot of your business plan. It shows the big ideas of your plan in a short way. Even though it's the first thing in your plan, you might write it last. It should say what your business does, what you want to achieve, and why it's going to work. This part is super important because it’s what people read first to get an idea about your business.

Developing a Comprehensive Marketing Plan

Your marketing plan is all about how you’re going to tell people about your business and what you sell. It should talk about who might want to buy your stuff and how you plan to reach them. This part includes your plan of action for getting customers to notice you, like using social media or putting ads online. Knowing your customers and how to reach them helps your business grow.

Creating a Financial Projection for Your Small Business

This section is about the money. It guesses how much money you’ll make and spend. Financial projections help you see if your business can earn more money than it spends. It includes how much money you need upfront to start and keep running your business. This helps you and business partners see how your business might do in the future.

For anyone thinking about starting a business, these parts of a business plan are key. They help you write a business plan quickly and efficiently. With a good plan, you can support your business, get help from others, and have a clear roadmap to run your business.

Further Reading: What You Should Know About Small Business Accounting, Tax, And Bookkeeping Services

Tips for crafting a one-page business plan.

Creating a one-page business plan is like drawing a map that shows the way to success for your specific business. This short plan helps you focus on what's really important. It saves time and lets you get moving faster.

Benefits of Using a Lean Business Model

A lean business model is all about making things simple and focusing on what works. It helps you use resources wisely. Free templates for lean business plans help you organize your ideas without wasting time. It’s essential to be clear and straight to the point, so you don’t get lost in details.

Identifying Your Target Market in a One-Page Business Plan

Knowing who you’re selling to is key. Your one-page plan should clearly say who your customers are. You’ll need to research and use that info to make your marketing and sales work better. This part of your plan makes sure your business talks to the right people.

Streamlining Revenue Streams in a Lean Business Plan

A lean plan means having a clear idea of how you’ll make money. This part of the plan looks at different ways to bring in cash, from selling products to offering services. It’s about picking the best ways that fit your business and focusing on them for the next three to five years. Using a standard template, like one from Microsoft Word or free templates available online, can help you get this part right.

Utilizing Free Business Plan Templates: Pros and Cons

Using a free business plan template is like finding a treasure map that guides you to your business goals. Let’s see how these templates can be both helpful and challenging.

How a Free Business Plan Template Can Help Small Business Owners

A free simple business plan or a one-page business plan template can be a huge help. It gives you a clear outline of what to include, like your business needs, marketing and sales strategies, and financial data. Templates from sources like the Small Business Administration (SBA) or Shopify come with sections already set up for you. This makes it easier to organize your ideas and present them clearly. It’s essential for owners of specific businesses to have a roadmap. This way, you can build your business plan quickly and efficiently, focusing on elements of your plan that support your financial success. Free templates help you get started with little effort and no cost.

Exploring Sample Business Plans to Guide Your Business Planning Efforts

Looking at sample business plans can provide valuable insights. These examples show you different ways to format and write your plan. They cover various industries, giving you a peek at successful strategies and outcomes. By exploring these samples, you can learn tips for creating important sections like income statements , cash on hand, and even plans for intellectual property like patent filings. Whether you use a standard template from Microsoft Word or detailed guides for specific types of businesses, such as a limited liability company, these samples can inspire and guide you. They offer a comprehensive view of what a successful plan includes, from the table of contents to the final financial statements, helping you envision the path for your own business over three to five years.

Further Reading: Effective Balance Sheet Creation for Small Businesses: Simplified Templates and Guidelines

Key takeaways:.

• Summary : A quick explanation of your business idea, like telling a friend about a game plan.
• Market Analysis : Understanding who wants to buy what you're selling, similar to figuring out who loves chocolate ice cream.
• Product/Service : What you're selling or offering, like selling cool stickers or helping with homework.
• Marketing Plan : How you'll tell people about your business, like making posters for your lemonade stand.
• Financial Plan : Planning your money, figuring out how much you need to start, and how you'll earn more, like saving up for a new bike.

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At Taxfyle , we connect small businesses with licensed, experienced CPAs or EAs in the US. We handle the hard part of finding the right tax professional by matching you with a Pro who has the right experience to meet your unique needs and will manage your bookkeeping and file taxes for you.

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Legal Disclaimer

Tickmark, Inc. and its affiliates do not provide legal, tax or accounting advice. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal, tax or accounting advice or recommendations. All information prepared on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be relied on for legal, tax or accounting advice. You should consult your own legal, tax or accounting advisors before engaging in any transaction. The content on this website is provided “as is;” no representations are made that the content is error-free.

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Strategic Planning

Cashflow Forecasting Software

• April 8, 2024

12 Min Read

Money is at the heart of all businesses and as long as there is cash flowing in, one can safely assume that the business is in its prime financial health.

But hey you know as well as us that cash management is not a cakewalk, and definitely not a task you can undertake without proper financial software.

One needs to answer numerous questions such as,

• Do I have enough working capital to maintain operational efficiency?
• What will be the impact of certain decisions (i.e. hiring a new employee) on the cash flow?
• What’s the real-time cash situation in my business?
• When should I pay the invoices to not interrupt the cash flow?

Answering these questions is quite difficult if you don’t have a thorough understanding of how cash flows in your business.

Well, this article offers a list of the 10 best cash flow forecasting software in the market and one of these software will definitely help you answer those questions.

So let’s dive right in.

What is Cash Flow forecasting software?

Cash flow forecasting software is a financial tool used to predict the inflow and outflow of cash in a business. It helps businesses manage their financial resources and cash position so that they can thrive in changing circumstances.

The modern forecasting tools in the market use historical data, AI technologies, and advanced algorithms to predict the accurate state of cash in the business. Such detailed understanding is essential for businesses to make informed financial decisions.

Let’s explore the highly-rated forecasting tools in the market and find the best fit for your business.

Best Cash Flow Forecasting Software Tools

• Upmetrics – AI Financial Forecasting
• Agicap   – Automated Cash Flow Forecasting
• Abacum – Forecasting tool for mid-market companies
• Futrli – Cash flow forecasts for small businesses
• Xero – Short-term cash flow forecasting
• Float – Visual forecasting tool for strategic planning
• Brixx – Financial forecasting for startups and small businesses
• Jirav – Cash flow forecasting for financial planners and analysts
• Dryrun – Cash flow forecasts for global businesses
• Fathom   – Business planning with forecasting

1. Upmetrics

Upmetrics is a business and financial planning software that helps emerging startups and small businesses conduct business and financial planning with its range of modern intuitive tools.

Its financial forecasting calculator helps you build complex financial plans and reports from scratch without tying you up in the complexities of accounting and calculations.

However, that’s not it.

What separates Upmetrics from the leading cash forecasting software is its AI adaptation to offer accurate and precise suggestions for revenue, expenses, cost of sales, and personnel.

AI takes away the guesswork from the equation and helps you predict the state of the cash flow in the future.

Overall, Upmetrics helps in making informed business decisions, testing different financial scenarios, and evaluating the financial standing of the business with its simple and easy-to-use adaptability.

Best Features:

• Precise and Accurate AI-generated financial suggestions.
• Forecasting calculator to calculate revenue, expenses, cost-of-sales, and personnel.
• Creates a detailed financial plan from scratch.
• Supports forecasting for up to 7 years
• Generates 8 different financial reports.
• Intuitive visual dashboard summarizing your key metrics
• Easy to share and embed into your business plan.

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Agicap is an extensive cash flow management and forecasting software used to build automated forecasts for small businesses.

This tool allows you to test the viability of different financial scenarios by helping you study their impact on your future cash flows.

Moreover, it would build realistic cash flow forecasts for your business using the assumptions set by you. This will again help you predict the state of cash flow in the future.

Agicap allows the integration of financial data and makes real-time updates to the cash flow allowing you to get a realistic overview of your business.

When you choose Agicap, you can make data-driven decisions by getting a virtual representation of your daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly forecasts.

Overall, the friendly interface and the integration with more than 150 accounting tools make Agicap a highly desirable tool.

Best Features

• Automated cash flow forecasting
• Real-time monitoring
• Scenario analysis
• Allows forecasts for multiple business units
• Customizable reports
• Displays short, mid, and long-term forecasts
• Integration with 150+ accounting software

Limitations:

• Steep learning curve to realize the true potential of this software.
• It has only annual plans and no monthly or quarterly offers.
• Agicap offers limited data visualization options.
• It lacks the depth that allows detailed KPI tracking.
• It is not suited for large-scale enterprises.

Personalized plans

Abacum is a cash flow forecasting software that seamlessly integrates with your business systems helping you get real-time insights into your cash flow.

This robust forecasting tool ensures effortless cash flow management by bringing together a business plan, marketing funnel, revenue cohort, and headcount under one head.

This tool helps you make informed decisions in real time by allowing you to create scenarios, adjust the assumptions, and measure their impact on your cash flow.

Get rid of those stale spreadsheets and model the new projections into your business metrics with Abacum. Report, analyze, and drive your business outcomes by getting real-time operational insight into your business.

Best features:

• Automated forecasts using historical data and advanced algorithms.
• Syncs operational and financial data in real time.
• Simplified and easy calculations.
• Collaborative team integration.
• Automated financial statements and visual reports.
• Integrates with major HRIS, BI, and ERP systems.

Limitations

• Abacum is not the right software for small businesses with limited cash flow and cash management needs.
• Support and learning are needed to unravel the truly advanced features of Abacum.
• Pricing plans are highly variable making it objective for many businesses.

Not available publicly.

Futrli stands out in the market as a comprehensive cash flow forecasting software that takes away the complexity of forecasting from the equation and empowers you to spend more time in decision-making.

Futrli 3-way rolling forecasts are built using 2 years of historical data and are updated daily with the new data. It makes predictive analyses about the future cash position in the business using advanced algorithms.

Using this tool, you can test different scenarios by analyzing their impact on your cash flow to make informed choices. While cash flow forecasting is its primary focus, Futrli makes reporting extremely easy, intuitive, and fast with its powerful interface.

• 3-way rolling forecasts (P&L, Balance sheet, and Cash flow)
• Daily cash flow forecasting
•  Customizable reporting and dashboard
• Allows different scenarios and what-if analysis
• Real-time financial insights
•  Detect new patterns and alert you to the changes
• 3 years of operational and cash flow forecasts
• Integrates with Xero, Sage, and Quickbooks online.
• A steep learning curve before you can unravel its best features.
• While the solution is comprehensive, it offers limited integration with different accounting software.
• Futrli is quite pricy compared to other forecasting software.

Xero analytics , a part of Xero, offers insight into the future state of your business through short-term cash flow projections.

With Xero, you can track your cash flow, forecast your bank balance, and evaluate the impact of receivables and payables on the cash flow.

This accounting tool offers a customizable snapshot of your business performance. It helps you to track the financial metrics by allowing you to set the filters and compare the trends.

You get to drill down into the details and evaluate the financial health of your business in real-time with advanced Xero plans.

•  AI-powered predictions
• Trend analysis and performance evaluation
• Basic scenario planning.
• Visual reports to summarize the business’s financial health.
• Customizable dashboard
• Automated financial reports
• Even the most advanced plans of Xero offer cash flow forecasting for up to 90 days only.
• It lacks the features to support complex cash flow management needs.
• Xero analytics limits the extent to which you can customize and adjust the scenarios in your cash forecast.
• The pricing is exceedingly high for the forecasting features it offers.

Only, the established plan supports cash flow forecasting.

Float allows you to forecast the cash position of your business by using historical data from your business systems.

This robust tool helps you model different scenarios, projects, and cash runways in your business without tangling you up in the complexities. Simply toggle between different scenarios, study their impact on the cash flow, and identify the gaps in your cash flow.

Make data-driven decisions for your business as you study the automated visual reports prepared by Xero.

This all-encompassing tool integrates easily with ERP systems like Xero, QuickBooks, and FreeAgent and is a valuable tool for businesses of all sizes.

• Scenario planning and what-if analysis
• Syncs data from the source in real-time.
• Forecasting for multiple projects.
• Updates your visual forecasts in real time.
• Easy integration of financial data.
• Custom cash thresholds to prevent cash death.
• The early plan restricts long-term forecasting.
• The features are quite standard and are easily available in an advanced accounting system.
• Compared to other forecasting software in the market, Float lacks depth in forecasting functionalities.

Brixx is a strategic decision-making tool focused on modeling the future of your business and helping you make the right financial decisions.

It offers a thorough financial forecasting solution for cash flow, budgeting, reporting, and business planning and is an extremely easy-to-use software.

Brixx helps you build the financial picture of your business by allowing you to input financial assumptions, adjust the timeline, test the what-if scenarios, and study its impact on your cash flow.

This intuitive and simple tool integrates with Xero and allows you to compare the actuals against the forecast with an interactive dashboard that simplifies everything.

This strategic tool empowers you to test new business ideas without wrapping yourself in the complexity of numbers.

• User-friendly interface for building forecasts.
• Integration with the renowned tool Xero.
• Extremely easy-to-use.
• Up to 10 years of cash flow forecast
• Interactive and enriching visual reports.
• Collaborative tool with restrictive controls.
• The capabilities of Brixx are questionable when it comes to granular-level financial modeling.
• Brixx offers limited integration opportunities making it difficult to conclude historical data.
• Limited customization options for reporting format.
• The integration with Xero does not sync in real time.

Only the professional and enterprise plans would support integration and cash flow forecasting.

Jirav is another of the best cash flow forecasting software in the market. With this comprehensive financial planning tool, you can forecast, budget, report, and analyze how the cash flows within your business.

Jirav makes it easier for businesses to build their financial blueprints and automate the process of creating budgets and operating plans. Not only that, you track KPIs and metrics that are otherwise difficult to determine and gauge the true financial health of your business.

Jirav’s extensive list of functionalities allows you to plan and prepare for multiple business outcomes and prepare precise rolling forecasts with its advanced algorithms.

It integrates easily with the leading ERP systems and is indeed a worthy tool for drilled-down business planning.

• Real-time financial forecasting.
• Automates the process of building budgets and operating plans.
• Automate historical and forecasted KPIs.
• Automated financial reporting and analysis.
•  Easy collaboration and restrictive controls.
• Workforce planning
• Requires a steep learning curve to uncover Jirav’s advanced functionalities.
• It is quite expensive compared to other cash forecasting software in the market.
• Jirav’s dashboard fails to display reporting insights on the tab.

Dryrun is a cloud-based cash flow forecasting software that helps you model the cash position of your business allowing you complete manual control.

The advanced algorithms of Dryrun generate automated forecasts for cash flow and sales while allowing you to plan for different complex and advanced scenarios.

Its auto-currency conversion allows you to make projections for different business locations in different currencies, thereby increasing the precision of your forecasts.

Dryrun integrates with all the major systems and syncs the data in real time giving you real cash visibility in your business.

• Auto forecasts the cash flow and sales.
• Real-time cash visibility.
• Advanced modeling of different business scenarios.
• Identifies cash flow trends and patterns.
• One-way sync making cash management easy.
• Forecasts in different currencies for businesses that operate globally.
• One might face challenges while modeling the extremely complex financial scenarios on Dryrun.
• Dryrun falls a little behind compared to specialized tools in terms of advanced analytic features.

Fathom generates rolling forecasts and is a brilliant cash forecasting tool that helps you get real-time insight into your cash flow data.

This cash forecasting software helps you analyze the impact of different scenarios on your cash flow through micro forecasts. It allows you to compare the actuals against your projections and thereby evaluate the financial standing of your business.

Fathom empowers businesses using entry-level accounting solutions to dive deep into analytics and insights for better cash flow management. Visual reporting makes it easier for you to understand the state of cash flow in your business.

• Forecasts based on past records and future assumptions
• Rolling forecasts built using the latest data
• Scenario analysis and assumption testing
• Real-time integration and data syncing
• Consolidated cash flow reporting
• Customizable templates and reporting formats
• Fathom offers fewer advanced functionalities compared to other forecasting tools.
• The functionalities of Fathom are quite difficult for owners who aren’t tech-savvy.
• Limited visualization options for cash flow reporting.

The Bottom Line

As a recap, we have listed 10 cash flow forecasting software serving the objectives of different kinds of businesses.

Within this list, we have mentioned tools that help with scenario analysis, AI forecasting, virtual reporting, budgeting, and much more. Identify what is it that you need help with before subscribing to any of these software.

Like if you are a budding planner struggling to put together forecasts for your financial plan, Upmetrics is what you need. Sign up now and unlock the features that will power you to write a stellar business plan.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why is cash flow forecasting important for a business.

Cash flow forecasting helps businesses with efficient cash flow management and financial planning. Forecasting helps you predict and manage future cash inflows and outflows so that there is enough capital to maintain operational efficiency. Apart from this, forecasting is essential to build realistic budgets for the future.

What are some popular cash flow forecasting software?

Upmetrics is one of the most proficient systems for cash flow available in the market. It is an AI-powered financial planning tool that helps in predicting the accurate state of cash flow in your business. However, Jirav, Xero, Abacum, and Agicap are equally good software that use advanced algorithms and real-time data to predict your business’s cash flow.

What features should I look for in cash flow forecasting software?

The cash forecasting software you choose should ideally meet your business requirements. Usually, you should choose software that allows you to plan for scenarios, offers essential software integrations, conducts real-time forecasting, and offers control over reporting. Also, compare the pricing plans for this software before you finalize anything.

What types of businesses use cash flow forecasting software?

Emerging startups, small businesses, mid-market companies as well as large organizations- everyone must use forecasting software suited for their business needs.

What factors should be considered when choosing cash flow software?

While the market is loaded with cash flow forecasting software, each promising to be best, here are a few factors that can help you narrow down your choice:

• Pricing plan
• Integration abilities
• Ease of use
• Customization
• Scalability

About the Author

Upmetrics Team

Upmetrics is the #1 business planning software that helps entrepreneurs and business owners create investment-ready business plans using AI. We regularly share business planning insights on our blog. Check out the Upmetrics blog for such interesting reads. Read more

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Popular Templates

How to Write a Law Firm Business Plan + Free Sample Plan PDF

Elon Glucklich

6 min. read

Updated April 3, 2024

Free Download:   Sample Law Firm Business Plan Template

It’s a dynamic time to be in the legal industry. Over 63,000 new attorneys have started practicing in the U.S. in the past decade, and they’re joining law firms that are increasingly leveraging new technologies like AI to work more efficiently.

Owning your own law practice offers numerous advantages, from greater control of your caseloads to flexibility in setting billing rates. 

But running a successful firm requires more than a deep knowledge of the law. 

You need to market yourself, understand potential clients’ motivations and desires, and clearly explain to them why they should hire you over another firm. All of which you can figure out by going through the process of writing a business plan.

• What should you include in a law firm business plan?

Here are a few sections we recommend including in any law firm business plan:

Executive summary

Market analysis, marketing plan, company overview, financial plan.

The details of your plan will vary based on factors like the size of your legal practice and whether or not you need funding

If you’re seeking a bank loan or investment, you’re best off following the traditional approach to writing a business plan . Otherwise, don’t feel bound to writing a full plan. You can just focus on the business plan sections that are most relevant to your situation. 

The executive summary is your opening pitch to the reader. Although it comes first in a business plan, you should write it last, since it distills your entire plan into a concise, one- to two-page overview. 

Start by outlining your law firm’s focus and current status. Are you:

• A newly founded practice
• An established firm seeking expansion
• A multi-location enterprise

Then, summarize your practice areas and target clientele. Describe the issues you’re solving for potential clients, and why they should choose you over competitors. 

Maybe your team has experience that’s relevant to your ideal client, or you offer an appealing fee structure. Anyone who reads the executive summary should be able to understand what makes your law firm unique .

Your executive summary briefly touches on your law firm’s area of focus. But the services section is where you give readers a detailed look at the expertise your legal practice offers, and how you address specific client needs.

What are your core practice areas? Do you represent:

Businesses: Contract disputes, regulatory compliance, employment law issues

Individuals: Personal injury claims, divorce proceedings, estate planning

Simply list all of your legal services. If you run an existing law practice, you can mention your existing client base. Also, specify if your law firm specializes in courtroom litigation, drafting contracts, or legal advisory services.

When writing out your services, consider what sets your firm apart. Maybe you provide free or low-cost initial consultations or specialize in areas underserved by competitors. Any services that might give you a competitive advantage are worth mentioning.

Understanding your potential client base is vital. Do you know the size of your market ? What are their characteristics? 

To conduct a market analysis , start by profiling your ideal client. Consider basic demographic information , like their:

• Income level
• Geographic location

Take their life circumstances into account as well. Are they navigating events like:

• Recovering from an injury
• Being charged with a crime
• Running a business
• Planning an estate

Depending on their circumstances, you’ll need to research relevant trends in your area to determine whether there’s a growing demand for the services you offer. 

Document who your competitors are as well. What other law firms might potential clients turn to? Note their strengths and weaknesses and compare them to your own in your market analysis. 

This research will help you develop a unique value proposition—something only your firm offers that you can emphasize in your marketing strategy.

The marketing and sales plan is where you describe how you will stand out and attract clients.

Where are your potential clients seeking out legal information? Common channels for law firms to market their services include:

• Television and radio commercials
• Print and online advertisements
• Company website

You’ll likely want to consider a combination of these tactics. 

But before spending your marketing budget, take some time in your business plan to determine how you’ll position yourself. If you’ve determined your law practice’s unique value proposition , it should be incorporated into all of your messaging.

Say you offer a unique combination of legal services in your market, such as financial compliance services for businesses and high-net-worth individuals. Your marketing plan is where you develop engaging messaging around your services that are tailored to your ideal client and the medium you’re promoting your services on.

Examples could include:

• Hiring a video production team to film a commercial for your legal practice
• Ensuring your law firm’s website is optimized for visibility on search engines.
• Creating pamphlets highlighting your service to distribute at business networking events or places where high net worth individuals frequent, like upscale health clubs or financial advisory offices.

One key point to remember is that the legal profession has specific marketing restrictions, to ensure law firms are promoting their services in an honest, ethical way. Make sure your plans adhere to the bar association’s guidelines .

The company overview isn’t an exhaustive history of your firm’s experience. It’s meant to quickly give the reader an understanding of your background, experience, and the structure of your firm.

Start with the basics:

Founding date: When was the firm established?

Legal structure: Is it a partnership, LLC, corporation, or other structure?

Location(s): List the communities your firm serves

Provide some detail about you and your team as well:

Founding partners: Summarize their legal experience, specializations, and any notable accomplishments.

Key Associates & staff: Briefly outline their roles and credentials

If your legal practice is already established, note any milestones you’ve achieved, such as major cases or community recognition. But even if you’re just starting, listing milestones like securing office space or building an initial client base are worth noting here as well.

Your law firm’s financial plan is crucial to determining if you have a strategy for running a viable business over the long term. 

Here’s a breakdown of what you need:

Sales forecast : Project revenue based on billable hours, retainer fees, contingency cases (if applicable), and any other income sources. Be realistic, especially in the early stages.

Expense budget : List all of your costs, including:

• Salaries and benefits:
• Rent and office expenses
• Malpractice insurance and bar dues
• Technology (i.e. case management software)
• Marketing and client development

Profit & Loss (P&L) : Your income minus your expenses, showing if you expect to be profitable.

Cash flow statement : Predicts when cash comes in and goes out of your business. Cash flows are crucial to ensure you can cover bills and payroll.

Balance sheet : An overview of your law practice’s financial health, listing assets (cash, accounts receivable), liabilities (loans), and equity.

If you’re seeking outside financing to start your legal practice, list startup costs like office build-outs, initial marketing, and technology investments separately from your expenses, since these are areas you’ll be looking to fund with lender or investor funds.

Additionally, be clear about assumptions you’re making when forecasting your revenue streams (case volume, hourly rates, etc.). Researching similar law firms can help you ensure your projections are reasonable.

• Download your free law firm sample business plan

Download our law firm sample business plan for free right now and use it for reference as you write your own plan. You can even copy and paste sections from the sample plan and customize them for your business. Just make sure you’re taking the time to do your own research.

You can also view other legal business plans , or browse the full Bplans library of over 550 sample business plans across numerous industries.

See why 1.2 million entrepreneurs have written their business plans with LivePlan

Elon is a marketing specialist at Palo Alto Software, working with consultants, accountants, business instructors and others who use LivePlan at scale. He has a bachelor's degree in journalism and an MBA from the University of Oregon.

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