prohibition essay titles

22 Winning Topics For An Argument Essay On Prohibition

The prohibition in the United States was repealed after just thirteen years. In that time, however, a number of topics were developed worth exploring in an argument essay. Here are 22 worth consideration:

• Do you think the prohibition amendment was ratified in response to women activists who were seeking equal voting rights?
• How did the estimate and apparent rise of alcohol consumption across the nation in the 1850s encourage the debate about prohibition?
• How did prohibition lead to the rise of organized crime in major cities across the United States and could it have been prevented?
• Do you think the United States should reintroduce prohibition or tax alcohol with a higher rate as a means to lower the amount being consumed?
• Do you believe a prohibition law similar to the law passed in the early 20th century work today in your state?
• Would prohibition or a similar law regulating the consumption of alcohol have a different effect in today’s society?
• What are the biggest similarities and differences between prohibition and the War on Drugs? Do you think the U.S. learned from the results of prohibition?
• What were the greatest social and economic effects of prohibition in the early 20th century? Did it influence the following decades in any way?
• Why do think the Federal Government decided to regulate the consumption of alcohol anyways rather than impose higher taxes?
• Did prohibition give rise to America’s bootleggers and moonshiners counter-culture in the United States?
• Do you think the very act of prohibiting alcohol distribution and consumption promoted curiosity in people?
• Was organized crime the biggest factor behind the bringing about the end to the prohibition era or were there other pressures?
• What were the immediate societal and economic effects of repealing prohibition in the early 20th century?
• How did F. Scott Fitzgerald deal with the issue of prohibition in his classic American novel “The Great Gatsby”.
• Did prohibition lead to rise to other types of crime? And if so why do you think congress didn’t consider the relationship before passing the amendment?
• Do you think the repeal of prohibition paved the way for the United States’ current societal push to legalize marijuana?
• Do you think that if there had been a greater emphasis on enforcement of prohibition then the amendment would have been a success?
• Do you think the amendment was repealed because of the rise of crimes or because of public pressures from normal citizens?
• Do you think that the thirteen years in which prohibition was in effect was a failure largely because of lack of enforcement?
• Do you think the lessons learned from prohibition posit support for legalization of all types of drugs in the U.S.?
• Do you think that prohibition was destined to fail right from the start and that it may have only been a political ploy to gain voting support?
• Which political group was the most responsible for the repeal of the prohibition amendment and did it lead to future success?

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Home — Essay Samples — History — History of the United States — Prohibition

Essays on Prohibition

The Prohibition era in the United States had a significant impact on the country and its history. Writing an essay on Prohibition is important because it allows us to understand the reasons behind this movement, its effects on society, and the long-term consequences it had on the nation.

When writing an essay on Prohibition, it is essential to do thorough research on the historical background of this period. Understanding the events leading up to Prohibition, such as the Temperance movement and the social and political climate of the time, will provide a solid foundation for your essay.

In addition, it is crucial to explore the impact of Prohibition on society. This includes examining the rise of organized crime, the changes in social behavior and attitudes towards alcohol, and the economic effects of the ban on alcohol production and distribution.

Furthermore, discussing the long-term consequences of Prohibition is also important. This could include examining how the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 shaped the country's alcohol policies and regulations, and how it continues to influence attitudes towards alcohol consumption today.

When writing about Prohibition, it is important to use credible sources and provide evidence to support your arguments. This may include historical documents, scholarly articles, and expert opinions. It is also important to consider different perspectives and arguments related to Prohibition, as this will make your essay more comprehensive and well-rounded.

In summary, writing an essay on Prohibition is important because it allows us to understand the historical, social, and economic implications of this significant period in American history. By conducting thorough research and considering various perspectives, you can create a compelling and informative essay on this topic.

What Makes a Good Prohibition Essay Topics

When it comes to writing a compelling essay on Prohibition, choosing the right topic is crucial. A good Prohibition essay topic should be thought-provoking, engaging, and relevant to the historical context of the Prohibition era. To brainstorm and choose an essay topic, consider exploring different aspects of Prohibition, such as its impact on society, the rise of organized crime, the political and social implications, and the lasting effects on American culture. Additionally, consider What Makes a Good essay topic, such as its ability to spark discussion and debate, its relevance to contemporary issues, and its potential to shed new light on the Prohibition era.

Best Prohibition Essay Topics

• The role of women in the temperance movement
• The impact of Prohibition on American culture and society
• The rise of bootlegging and organized crime during Prohibition
• The political and economic implications of Prohibition
• The role of the media in shaping public opinion on Prohibition
• The lasting effects of Prohibition on alcohol consumption
• The influence of religious and moral values on the Prohibition movement
• Prohibition and its impact on racial and ethnic minorities
• The failure of Prohibition and the repeal of the 18th Amendment
• The global impact of Prohibition on alcohol trade and consumption
• Prohibition and its influence on the rise of speakeasies and jazz culture
• The role of law enforcement and the challenges of enforcing Prohibition
• The cultural and social changes brought about by the Prohibition era
• The impact of Prohibition on public health and safety
• Prohibition and its impact on the economy and government revenue
• The legacy of Prohibition in shaping alcohol policies and regulations
• The role of women in the bootlegging and speakeasy culture
• The role of literature and art in shaping public perception of Prohibition
• The impact of Prohibition on the brewing and distilling industries
• The influence of Prohibition on the rise of cocktail culture

Prohibition Essay Topics Prompts

• Imagine you are a prominent advocate for the temperance movement during the Prohibition era. Write a persuasive speech to rally support for the prohibition of alcohol.
• You are a journalist covering the rise of organized crime during Prohibition. Write a series of articles detailing the impact of bootlegging and the influence of notorious gangsters on American society.
• Create a fictional narrative set during the Prohibition era, exploring the experiences of individuals involved in the underground speakeasy culture.
• Imagine you are a historian conducting research on the lasting effects of Prohibition. Write a proposal outlining the key areas of study and potential findings that could shed new light on this pivotal period in American history.
• You are a policy advisor tasked with developing a comprehensive plan to address the social and economic consequences of Prohibition. Write a detailed report outlining your proposed strategies and their potential impact on contemporary society.

Introduction of Prohibition

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1920 - 1933

United States

Prohibitionists first attempted to end the trade of alcohol during the 19th century. The purpose was to solve alcohol-related problems such as alcoholism, family violence and saloon-based political corruption.

By the turn of the century, temperance societies became a common fixture in American society. Women played a strong role in the temperance movement. Prohibition movement was an important force in state and local politics from the 1840s through the 1930s. Many factory owners supported prohibition in purpose to prevent accidents and increase the efficiency of workers.

In 1917, President Wilson instituted a temporary wartime prohibition in purpose to save grain for producing food. The Eighteenth Amendment passed in both chambers of the U.S. Congress in December 1917, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors, for state ratification.

Over the course of the 1920s, both federal and local government struggled to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment. The illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor went on throughout the decade. In addition, the Prohibition era encouraged the rise of criminal activity.

Prohibition ended with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment on December 5, 1933. However, a few states continued to prohibit alcohol after Prohibition’s end until 1966.

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Prohibition Research Paper Topics

In this page dedicated to Prohibition research paper topics , we delve into the captivating era of alcohol prohibition in the United States. This abstract provides an overview of the content and aims of the page, offering students a glimpse into the comprehensive list of research paper topics, an insightful article on Prohibition, and valuable guidance on how to choose and write a research paper on this intriguing subject. Whether you are fascinated by the social, cultural, or political aspects of Prohibition, this page will serve as your guide in unleashing your potential to uncover its historical significance.

100 Prohibition Research Paper Topics

The Prohibition era in the United States, spanning from 1920 to 1933, was a transformative period marked by the nationwide ban on the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. This comprehensive list of Prohibition research paper topics is designed to provide students with a wide array of subjects to explore and analyze within this captivating historical context. Organized into ten categories, each consisting of ten topics, these research paper ideas will inspire students to delve into various aspects of Prohibition, including its social, political, economic, legal, and cultural dimensions.

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Origins and Impact of Prohibition

• The Temperance Movement: Pioneers and Influential Figures
• Prohibition Amendments: From the 18th to the 21st
• Prohibition and Social Change: Women’s Suffrage and Beyond
• Bootlegging and Organized Crime During Prohibition
• The Repeal of Prohibition: 21st Amendment and Its Aftermath
• Prohibition’s Influence on American Society and Culture
• Prohibition and Public Health: Impact on Alcohol Consumption
• The Volstead Act: Legislation and Enforcement Challenges
• Prohibition’s Legacy: Long-term Effects on Alcohol Regulation
• Prohibition and the Great Depression: Economic Ramifications

Prohibition and Law Enforcement

• Prohibition Agents: Roles, Challenges, and Successes
• The Rise of Gangsters and Mobsters During Prohibition
• Prohibition Raids and Their Impact on Speakeasies
• Corruption and Bribery in Law Enforcement During Prohibition
• The Temperance Movement’s Role in Shaping Law Enforcement
• Prohibition and the Creation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics
• Prohibition and the Formation of the Coast Guard’s Rum Patrol
• The Role of Informants and Undercover Agents in Prohibition
• Prohibition Agents’ Surveillance Techniques and Strategies
• The Decline of Prohibition Agents after Repeal

Prohibition and Politics

• Political Figures and Their Stance on Prohibition
• The Anti-Saloon League: Prominent Advocates and Achievements
• Prohibition Party: Formation, Objectives, and Influence
• Prohibition and Presidential Elections: Voting Patterns and Impact
• The Dry vs. Wet Debate: Political and Social Ideologies
• Prohibition Advocacy in the Media: Newspapers and Magazines
• Prohibition’s Influence on Political Campaigns and Propaganda
• Prohibition’s Effect on Local and State Politics
• The Women’s Christian Temperance Union: Grassroots Advocacy
• The Role of Religious Groups in Prohibition Advocacy

Prohibition and Public Opinion

• Public Perception of Prohibition: Support and Opposition
• Prohibition and the Temperance Movement’s Public Relations
• The Impact of Prohibition on Alcohol Consumption Patterns
• Media Portrayal of Prohibition: Cartoons, Posters, and Advertisements
• Prohibition’s Effect on Public Health and Social Welfare
• Prohibition and Public Demonstrations: Rallies and Protests
• Prohibition and Public Discourse on Individual Liberties
• Public Sentiments Toward Bootleggers and Speakeasies
• The Media’s Role in Shaping Public Opinion on Prohibition
• Prohibition’s Impact on Immigrant Communities and Ethnic Groups

Prohibition and Culture

• Prohibition’s Influence on Art, Literature, and Music
• The Roaring Twenties: Cultural Expression and Rebellion
• Prohibition and the Harlem Renaissance: Cultural Contributions
• Flappers and the Changing Roles of Women During Prohibition
• Prohibition and the Evolution of American Cuisine
• Prohibition’s Influence on Film and Theater
• The Birth of Jazz Age Culture and Its Connection to Prohibition
• Cultural Icons and Personalities During Prohibition
• Prohibition’s Effect on Sports and Entertainment
• Cultural Significance of Prohibition in Modern America

Prohibition and Organized Crime

• The Rise of Al Capone: Chicago’s Crime Boss
• Bootlegging: Production, Distribution, and Supply Chain
• The Role of Speakeasies in Prohibition Culture
• Prohibition and the Mafia: Organized Crime Syndicates
• The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre: Infamous Crime Event
• Prohibition and the Rise of Gang Warfare
• The Beer Wars: Rivalries and Conflicts Among Bootleggers
• The Prohibition and Moonshine Trade in Rural Areas
• Gangland Murders and Assassinations During Prohibition
• Prohibition and the Formation of Crime Families

Prohibition and Social Reform

• Prohibition and Women’s Empowerment: Changing Roles
• The Impact of Prohibition on African American Communities
• Prohibition’s Effect on Native American Reservations
• Prohibition and LGBTQ+ Communities: Hidden Histories
• The Temperance Movement’s Educational Efforts
• Prohibition and the Promotion of Health and Hygiene
• Prohibition’s Influence on Public Morality and Ethics
• Prohibition and the Spread of Religious Revivalism
• The Intersection of Prohibition and Social Justice Movements
• Prohibition’s Legacy: Impact on Minority Rights

Prohibition’s International Impact

• Prohibition in Other Countries: Global Perspectives
• Prohibition and International Alcohol Trade
• Prohibition’s Influence on Global Alcohol Policies
• Smuggling and Bootlegging Across International Borders
• International Temperance Movements and Prohibition Advocacy
• Prohibition’s Effect on Cross-Border Relations
• Prohibition and International Diplomacy
• Prohibition’s Legacy in Global Alcohol Regulation
• Prohibition’s Influence on Alcohol Consumption Worldwide
• The Aftermath of Prohibition: Lessons for International Alcohol Policy

Prohibition and Economic Consequences

• Prohibition’s Impact on the Brewing Industry
• The Economic Costs of Enforcing Prohibition Laws
• Prohibition and the Creation of New Industries
• The Decline of Saloons and Bars During Prohibition
• Prohibition and the Loss of Government Revenue
• Prohibition and the Growth of Bootlegging Economies
• The Economic Impact of Repealing Prohibition
• Prohibition’s Effect on Consumer Spending
• Prohibition’s Influence on Agricultural Practices
• The Economic Legacies of Prohibition in Modern Times

Prohibition and Legal Perspectives

• Supreme Court Cases and Prohibition: Legal Challenges
• The Constitutionality of Prohibition: Legal Debates
• Prohibition and the Right to Privacy: Fourth Amendment Issues
• The Role of Lawyers and Judges in Prohibition Cases
• Legal Loopholes and Workarounds During Prohibition
• Prohibition’s Effect on Criminal Sentencing and Punishment
• Legal Opposition and Advocacy Groups During Prohibition
• Prohibition and Civil Liberties: First Amendment Concerns
• Prohibition’s Influence on Due Process and Fair Trials
• The Prohibition Era and Its Impact on Modern Legal Thought

This comprehensive list of Prohibition research paper topics provides students with a diverse range of subjects to explore within the complex and fascinating era of Prohibition. By examining various aspects of Prohibition’s origins, impact, politics, economics, social dynamics, and cultural expressions, students can develop insightful research papers that shed light on this transformative period in American history. The ten categories and their respective Prohibition research paper topics offer a wealth of opportunities to investigate the complexities and consequences of Prohibition, ensuring that students can choose a research area that aligns with their interests and objectives.

Exploring Prohibition Research Paper Topics

Prohibition, also known as the Prohibition Era, was a significant period in American history that lasted from 1920 to 1933. It was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. The 18th Amendment, which officially established Prohibition, aimed to address social issues, promote public health, and reduce crime rates associated with excessive alcohol consumption. This era saw the rise of speakeasies, bootlegging, and organized crime, along with heated debates over individual liberties and government intervention. In this article, we will delve into the multifaceted aspects of Prohibition, exploring its origins, impact, social dynamics, cultural expressions, and eventual repeal.

The Temperance Movement and the Push for Prohibition

The roots of Prohibition can be traced back to the Temperance Movement, a social reform movement that gained momentum in the 19th century. Advocates of temperance believed that alcohol consumption led to moral decay, domestic violence, and a range of social issues. Led by organizations like the Anti-Saloon League and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, the movement campaigned for alcohol restrictions and ultimately influenced the passage of the 18th Amendment. The Temperance Movement’s influence extended beyond advocating for Prohibition, as it also shaped public perceptions of alcohol and its impact on society.

The 18th Amendment

Prohibition Becomes Law: In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, officially prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors. This marked the beginning of the Prohibition Era, a time when the government attempted to regulate personal behavior through legislation. The amendment was a result of growing concerns about the negative effects of alcohol on American society and public health. It represented a significant shift in the role of government in shaping the behaviors and choices of citizens.

Social Impact of Prohibition

Prohibition had far-reaching effects on American society. It gave rise to speakeasies, illegal drinking establishments that flourished in urban areas, as well as an underground economy driven by bootlegging. Organized crime syndicates, like those led by figures such as Al Capone, profited immensely from the illegal alcohol trade. The enforcement of Prohibition led to unintended consequences, as it created new opportunities for criminal activity and corruption among law enforcement officials.

The Volstead Act and Enforcement Challenges

To enforce the 18th Amendment, the Volstead Act was passed, defining intoxicating liquors and providing guidelines for enforcement. However, the Act faced numerous challenges, including corruption among law enforcement officials, inadequate resources, and the difficulty of monitoring vast illicit networks. The limitations of the Volstead Act contributed to the rise of a black market for alcohol and the growth of organized crime, leading to increased violence and public safety concerns.

Cultural Responses to Prohibition

The Prohibition Era gave rise to a unique cultural expression, as people found ways to circumvent the law and continue consuming alcohol. Jazz-age culture and the emergence of the flapper persona embodied the spirit of rebellion against societal norms. Speakeasies became hubs of social life, where people gathered to enjoy music, dance, and camaraderie while defying the restrictions on alcohol consumption.

Opposition and Repeal of Prohibition

As the negative consequences of Prohibition became apparent, opposition to the ban grew. Economic hardships during the Great Depression further fueled calls for repeal. In 1933, the 21st Amendment was ratified, officially ending Prohibition. The repeal of Prohibition marked a significant moment in American history, as it reflected a shift in public sentiment and recognition of the limitations of alcohol prohibition as a social policy.

Legacy and Lessons of Prohibition

The Prohibition Era left a lasting impact on American society. While it did not achieve its intended goals of reducing crime and improving public health, it sparked discussions on the balance between individual freedoms and government intervention. The era also highlighted the potential consequences of enacting sweeping social policies without proper consideration of their implications. The lessons learned from Prohibition continue to resonate in modern debates over social and public health policies, as well as discussions on the role of government in regulating personal behaviors.

Prohibition in the Context of Modern Alcohol Regulation

Today, the Prohibition Era serves as a historical reference point in debates over alcohol regulation, drug policies, and individual liberties. The lessons from Prohibition have influenced subsequent approaches to alcohol regulation, with a greater emphasis on harm reduction, public health, and education. Understanding the complexities and failures of Prohibition has informed modern-day efforts to address alcohol-related issues through evidence-based policy-making.

The Prohibition Era remains a captivating and complex period in American history, characterized by its impact on society, culture, and politics. This article has explored the origins of Prohibition, the impact of the 18th Amendment, social and cultural responses, the challenges of enforcement, and the eventual repeal. By understanding the multifaceted aspects of Prohibition, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of public policy, individual liberties, and the role of government in shaping society. The Prohibition Era serves as a reminder of the importance of thoughtful and evidence-based approaches to social reforms. As we reflect on this chapter of American history, we recognize the significance of learning from past mistakes and successes to inform present and future decision-making.

How to Choose Prohibition Research Paper Topics

Selecting the right research paper topic is crucial for a successful and engaging academic project. When it comes to studying Prohibition, a fascinating and transformative period in American history, the abundance of potential research topics may seem overwhelming. In this section, we will provide you with practical guidance on how to choose Prohibition research paper topics that are compelling, relevant, and capable of offering fresh insights into this historical era.

• Understand the Context and Significance : Before choosing a research paper topic on Prohibition, it is essential to understand the historical context and significance of this period. Familiarize yourself with the events leading up to the enactment of the 18th Amendment, the temperance movement, and the societal attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Understanding the broader historical context will help you identify specific areas of interest and potential research questions.
• Identify Gaps in Existing Literature : Conducting a thorough literature review is a crucial step in choosing a research paper topic. Look for existing studies, books, and articles related to Prohibition to identify gaps in the current scholarship. These gaps can serve as valuable entry points for your research, allowing you to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and offer new perspectives on the subject.
• Consider Different Perspectives : Prohibition is a complex and multi-faceted historical event that impacted various aspects of American society. Consider exploring the topic from different perspectives, such as political, social, economic, and cultural. For example, you could examine the role of women in the temperance movement or the economic implications of Prohibition on industries and businesses.
• Focus on Local or Regional Impact : Prohibition had varying effects across different regions of the United States. Consider narrowing your research to focus on the local or regional impact of Prohibition in specific cities or states. This approach will enable you to delve deeper into the unique experiences and challenges faced by different communities during this era.
• Examine Resistance and Opposition : Prohibition was met with significant opposition, with many individuals and groups openly defying the law. Investigate the resistance to Prohibition, including the rise of bootlegging, speakeasies, and the involvement of organized crime. Exploring the reasons behind the widespread non-compliance with the ban can provide valuable insights into the limitations of social policies.
• Analyze the Role of Media and Popular Culture : The Prohibition Era had a profound impact on popular culture, influencing music, literature, and film. Investigate how the media portrayed Prohibition and its consequences, and how popular culture both reflected and shaped public perceptions of this historical period.
• Explore the Repeal of Prohibition : The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 marked a significant turning point in American history. Consider exploring the events and factors that led to the repeal of the 18th Amendment, such as the role of interest groups, the economic impact of the Great Depression, and changing societal attitudes towards alcohol.
• Incorporate Primary Sources : To add depth and authenticity to your research, utilize primary sources from the Prohibition Era. These may include newspaper articles, government documents, personal diaries, photographs, and oral histories. Analyzing primary sources can offer firsthand accounts and insights into the experiences of people living during Prohibition.
• Consult with Your Instructor or Advisor : If you are struggling to choose a research paper topic, don’t hesitate to seek guidance from your instructor or academic advisor. They can provide valuable feedback, suggest additional resources, and help you refine your research question.
• Stay Passionate and Curious : Finally, choose a research paper topic that genuinely interests you. Staying passionate and curious about the subject will motivate you throughout the research process and ensure that your work is engaging and insightful.

Choosing the right Prohibition research paper topic is an essential step in crafting a compelling and impactful academic project. By understanding the historical context, identifying gaps in existing literature, considering different perspectives, focusing on local impact, examining resistance and opposition, analyzing the role of media and popular culture, exploring the repeal of Prohibition, incorporating primary sources, and seeking guidance from instructors, you can select a topic that sparks your curiosity and contributes to the broader understanding of this transformative period in American history. Remember to stay passionate and committed to your research, and your exploration of Prohibition will yield valuable insights and a meaningful academic contribution.

How to Write a Prohibition Research Paper

Writing a research paper on Prohibition requires careful planning, rigorous research, and effective organization. This section will guide you through the step-by-step process of writing a compelling and well-structured Prohibition research paper. From formulating a strong thesis statement to presenting your findings coherently, we will provide you with valuable tips to ensure your paper is engaging and academically sound.

• Develop a Strong Thesis Statement : A strong thesis statement is the foundation of your research paper. It should clearly and concisely state the main argument or central theme of your paper. In the case of a Prohibition research paper, your thesis statement should highlight the specific aspect of Prohibition that you will be exploring and the main conclusions you intend to draw from your research.
• Conduct In-Depth Research : Prohibition is a multifaceted and historically rich topic, so conducting in-depth research is crucial. Utilize a variety of reputable sources, including books, academic journals, government documents, and primary sources from the Prohibition Era. Be sure to critically evaluate the credibility and reliability of each source to ensure the accuracy of your information.
• Create an Outline : Organize your research and ideas by creating a detailed outline for your research paper. An outline will serve as a roadmap for your writing, helping you maintain a logical flow of information and a coherent structure throughout the paper. Divide your research into sections and subsections, each focusing on a specific aspect of Prohibition.
• Introduction : Begin your research paper with an engaging introduction that provides background information on Prohibition and its historical context. Introduce the significance of the topic and its relevance to contemporary issues. End your introduction with a clear and concise thesis statement that sets the direction for the rest of the paper.
• Body Paragraphs : In the body of your research paper, present your arguments and findings in a systematic manner. Each body paragraph should focus on a single idea or argument supported by evidence from your research. Use topic sentences to introduce the main point of each paragraph and provide smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain the coherence of your paper.
• Incorporate Primary Sources : To enrich your Prohibition research paper, incorporate primary sources from the Prohibition Era. Primary sources, such as newspaper articles, letters, speeches, and photographs, offer firsthand accounts and perspectives from individuals who lived during that time. Analyzing primary sources can add authenticity and depth to your research.
• Analyze and Interpret Data : If your research paper includes data or statistical information, take the time to analyze and interpret the data accurately. Use charts, graphs, and tables to present your data visually and draw meaningful conclusions from your analysis. Ensure that your data is properly sourced and cited.
• Address Counterarguments : A well-rounded research paper acknowledges counterarguments and addresses potential criticisms of your thesis. Anticipate opposing viewpoints and use evidence and logical reasoning to refute them. This will strengthen your argument and demonstrate the depth of your research.
• Conclusion : Conclude your research paper by summarizing your main findings and restating your thesis statement. Reflect on the significance of your research and its implications for understanding Prohibition’s impact on American history and society. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and focus on leaving a lasting impression on your readers.
• Citations and References : Properly cite all the sources you have used in your research paper, following the appropriate citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, etc.). Create a comprehensive list of references at the end of your paper to give credit to the authors and researchers whose work you have referenced.

Writing a successful Prohibition research paper requires careful planning, thorough research, and effective organization. By developing a strong thesis statement, conducting in-depth research, creating a well-structured outline, and presenting your findings coherently, you can craft an engaging and academically rigorous paper. Remember to incorporate primary sources, analyze and interpret data, address counterarguments, and provide proper citations and references to support your arguments and give credit to the original sources. By following these steps, you will be well on your way to creating a compelling and insightful research paper on Prohibition.

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At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges students face when tasked with writing a Prohibition research paper. The intricacies of this historical era, coupled with the need for in-depth research and coherent organization, can be overwhelming. As your trusted partner in academic writing, we are here to assist you every step of the way. Our team of expert writers holds advanced degrees in history and other related disciplines, making them well-equipped to handle any Prohibition research paper topic you may have. With our custom writing services, you can unleash your potential and achieve academic excellence.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers : At iResearchNet, we take pride in our team of writers who are experts in the field of history, including Prohibition studies. Each writer holds an advanced degree from reputable universities, and their expertise ensures that your research paper will be well-researched, insightful, and of the highest academic standard.
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• In-Depth Research : Our writers are skilled in conducting in-depth research on Prohibition research paper topics. They have access to a wide range of reputable sources, including academic journals, books, primary sources, and historical archives, to ensure that your research paper is well-grounded and well-supported.
• Custom Formatting : Formatting your research paper according to the required citation style can be time-consuming and tedious. Let our expert writers take care of the formatting for you. Whether it’s APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, or any other style, we will ensure that your paper adheres to the prescribed guidelines.
• Top Quality and Customized Solutions : At iResearchNet, we are committed to delivering top-quality research papers that meet your specific needs. Our writers pay attention to every detail, ensuring that your paper is well-structured, coherent, and meets the highest academic standards.
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iResearchNet is your ultimate partner in crafting outstanding Prohibition research papers. Our team of expert writers, in-depth research capabilities, and commitment to delivering top-quality and customized solutions make us the perfect choice for students seeking academic excellence. With our support, you can unleash your potential and achieve success in your academic journey. Place your order today and experience the difference our professional writing services can make in your Prohibition research paper.

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Prohibition

By Annie Anderson

Despite the national prohibition of alcohol from 1920 to 1933, Philadelphia earned a reputation rivaling Chicago, Detroit, and New York City as a liquor-saturated municipality. The Literary Digest described Pennsylvania as a “bootlegger’s Elysium,” with every city as “wet as the Atlantic Ocean.” The Quaker City in particular was singled out, by newspapers from New Haven to Newark, as one of the wettest and wickedest cities in the United States. Philadelphia and Atlantic City, New Jersey, a seaside resort town that served as a major port of entry for illegal liquor, were considered “open towns” during Prohibition—open in their defiance of liquor laws.

Prohibition began in 1919 with the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment , which made the production, transportation, and sale of alcohol illegal. Although the Eighteenth Amendment took effect nationally in 1920, several states enacted prohibition before then, including Delaware on March 18, 1918, and Pennsylvania on February 25, 1919. New Jersey ratified the Eighteenth Amendment on March 9, 1922. A confluence of social forces brought Prohibition to the national stage after nearly a century of Protestant criticism aimed at the supposed moral laxity induced by alcohol. In the early 1900s, the United States saw a rise in xenophobia against immigrants whom nativists associated with alcohol—especially those of Irish and German descent. Factions of the women’s suffrage movement propped up their claims to full citizenship by proclaiming a distinctly feminine moral authority, guided by temperance. Advocates of clean government and clean living argued that the elimination of the saloon would promote moral character and curtail the power that political bosses held. Prohibition encapsulated the Progressive Era ’s impulse toward reform.

Though drinking moved underground with the introduction of Prohibition, Philadelphians actually had more saloons and watering holes to choose from after the law was enacted. The supposed abolition of bars and liquor dispensaries allowed for the emergence of a black market economy regulated only by bootleggers. Journalists reported that Pennsylvania’s largest cities, including Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and Scranton, showed no pretense of obeying the Prohibition laws. Philadelphia, meanwhile, was the worst Prohibition violator in the Commonwealth, allowing its citizens considerable ease and freedom to obtain intoxicating beverages. Philadelphia had long been one of the nation’s leading beer brewing capitals. Though some breweries switched to making “near beer” (a malt beverage with an alcohol content of less than 0.5%) and soft drinks during Prohibition, many continued brewing beer. Philadelphia police suspected and pounced on the illegal activity. Vice raids on dozens of brewers—including Esslinger & Son, Finkenauer Brewing Co., Liebert & Obert, Roehm Brewing Co., and Philadelphia Brewing Co.—turned up high-powered beer. Most Philadelphia breweries failed or were padlocked out of existence by the early 1930s. A city of nearly 100 breweries in the 1880s, Philadelphia had just 10 licensed breweries when Prohibition ended in 1933.

A Cyclical Pattern of Corruption

A city of two million residents, Philadelphia accommodated as many as 16,000 speakeasies during Prohibition. City officials, public servants, bootleggers, and consumers contributed to a cyclical pattern of corruption around the management and distribution of vice. Long before Prohibition, the Republican political machine used the police as a central tool in maintaining control over the city’s various districts. Philadelphia police officers, many taking bribes from bootleggers, prostitution houses, and other illegal entities, contributed to corrupt ward politicians who hand-picked police captains and provided job protection. One policeman estimated that politicians took one day’s pay per month from each of the 7,000 men employed as police officers and firefighters. While Prohibition did not invent corruption among political and law enforcement entities in Philadelphia, it exacerbated established patterns of misconduct. As the 1920s wore on, bootlegging gangs wreaked violent havoc on the city, while officials took a cut of their profits. In describing the Quaker City’s entrenched machine politics and lax law enforcement, journalists resurrected the nickname “ corrupt and contented ,” first used by Lincoln Steffens in 1903.

Philadelphia received help from the federal government twice in the 1920s to combat its Prohibition-fueled crime problem. The first intervention involved the appointment of General Smedley Butler (1881-1940), a decorated Marine, as director of public safety—the equivalent of police commissioner—in 1924. While running for mayor in 1923, Freeland Kendrick (1874-1953) pleaded with President Calvin Coolidge to release Butler from the Marine Corps to Philadelphia. Coolidge complied, and Butler, originally from West Chester, Pennsylvania, arrived in January 1924 with a mandate to clean up the vice-ridden city. Over the course of Butler’s first year in Philadelphia, police closed more than 2,500 speakeasies, compared to just 220 the previous year. While raids and arrests increased during Butler’s tenure, liquor law violators saw few repercussions. In 1925, of the 10,000 individuals arrested on the charge of conducting a speakeasy, only a few hundred were punished with more than a light fine.

Despite—and perhaps because of—Butler’s tenacity in pursuing Prohibition violators, he immediately clashed with Kendrick and the Republican political machine, including South Philadelphia ward boss William Vare (1867-1934). Butler left his post as director of public safety in December 1925. Many observed that his honesty and zealous commitment to enforcing Prohibition contributed to his speedy exit from Philadelphia. Upon his departure, Butler called Philadelphia the “cesspool” of Pennsylvania, and implored Quaker City citizens to demand honesty from their politicians.

A Crime Crescendo in 1928

Gangland murders, as well as Philadelphians’ continued disregard for liquor laws, reached a breaking point in the summer of 1928. Judge Edwin O. Lewis (1879-1974) charged the Special August Grand Jury with investigating organized bootlegging syndicates, gang violence, and police corruption. Investigators and journalists attributed twenty deaths in the year preceding the inquiry to bootlegging gangs vying for territory. Once again, the federal government intervened to help Philadelphia with its Prohibition-fueled crime problem. Prohibition officials in Washington ordered a unit of the Internal Revenue Service ’s intelligence department to Philadelphia to aid the investigation.

The grand jury revealed that hundreds of police officers received bribes for protecting bootlegging operations and illegal taverns. Twenty-four high-ranking police officers, each paid $1,500 to $2,500 in an annual salary, had accumulated $750,000 in assets amongst them. The grand jury’s final report found 138 police officers unfit for service, but failed to garner any indictments against the city’s organized bootlegging outfits.

Prohibition—like the prominent 1928 investigation initiated to curtail bootlegging, payoffs, and violence—proved a failure in Philadelphia, costly in financial and political terms, but also in human lives. One Philadelphia coroner noted that every day ten to twelve deaths from poison liquor, including denatured industrial alcohol improperly distilled, came to his attention. Still more deaths, including untold unreported or unsolved murders, resulted from the violence that sprang up between warring bootleg factions.

A Widespread Disregard of Prohibition

Philadelphians, like many Americans, disregarded Prohibition en masse. Despite the federal mandate, residents of the Quaker City continued to consume alcohol (legal), thereby spurring its production, transportation, and sale (all illegal). In the working class saloons of Brewerytown and Kensington , and the ritzy hotels dotting Center City ’s Broad Street , Philadelphians of divergent classes saw alcohol as social ritual and social fabric. Many advocates for repeal argued that this widespread lawlessness undermined American values, creating a nation of hypocrites. Other critics of Prohibition observed that a multitude of organized crime networks sprung up to control bootlegging, creating a dangerous black market business. Still others exposed Prohibition’s financial failings, an argument that gained potency after the stock market crash of 1929.  Prohibition was costly to enforce, and the government lost millions—if not billions—of dollars in liquor tax revenue. Organizations such as the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, which counted several members of the wealthy Delaware Valley du Pont family as its leaders, worked to defeat Prohibition. With the passage of the Twenty-First Amendment in 1933, the Eighteenth Amendment mandating Prohibition was repealed.

Liquor laws in Pennsylvania—as well as a slew of South Jersey towns—harken back to an earlier era when temperance advocates held public office. Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot , a reform-minded “dry” politician, created the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board days before Prohibition ended so that the state would retain some control over the sale and distribution of liquor. Little has changed since Pinchot’s action; Pennsylvania is one of two states (the other is Utah) in which liquor is sold only in state-run stores. Though private retailers may sell beer, the state regulates when, where, and how much. Attempts to privatize liquor sales have met with a measure of popular and political support. However, resistance from the United Food and Commercial Workers’ Union , which represents liquor store clerks, and legislative gridlock have swiftly dissolved these efforts.

Annie Anderson is the senior research and public programming specialist at Eastern State Penitentiary and the co-author, with John Binder, of Philadelphia Organized Crime in the 1920s and 1930s (Arcadia Publishing, 2014). She received her M.A. in American Studies from the University of Massachusetts-Boston.

Copyright 2015, Rutgers University

Smedley Butler Destroying Kegs of Beer

Library of Congress

Philadelphia received help from the federal government twice in the 1920s to combat its Prohibition-fueled crime problem. The first intervention involved the appointment of General Smedley Butler (1881-1940), shown here in 1924 destroying a barrel of beer. Butler was a decorated Marine who became director of public safety—the equivalent of police commissioner—in 1924. While running for mayor in 1923, Freeland Kendrick (1873-1953) pleaded with President Calvin Coolidge to release Butler from the Marine Corps to Philadelphia. Coolidge complied, and Butler, originally from West Chester, Pennsylvania, arrived in January 1924 with a mandate to clean up the vice-ridden city. Over the course of Butler’s first year in Philadelphia, police closed more than 2,500 speakeasies, compared to just 220 the previous year. While raids and arrests increased during Butler’s tenure, liquor law violators saw few repercussions.

Smedley Butler

Major Smedley Butler, born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1881 and seen here in 1910, had a thirty-four-year career as a U.S. Marine. He participated in military action in China, Central America, France, and other countries, and later became a major general. In 1924, Butler was asked to serve as director of public safety for the city of Philadelphia. The city government was notoriously corrupt, and Butler, a man with high moral standards, initially refused. However, after President Calvin Coolidge requested his service, the general took the job.

During his time in city government, Butler made it clear that he was not on the side of corruption. He fired corrupt officers and ordered raids on thousands of speakeasies, closing or destroying many of the illegal drinking establishments. Though Butler cut crime rates and cleaned up the city, the attack on alcohol was too much for the city's political machine and the general fell out of favor quickly, resigning after only two years.

Police Testing a New Speedboat in 1925

Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries

Over the course of Smedley Butler’s first year as Philadelphia’s director of safety, police closed more than 2,500 speakeasies, compared to just 220 the previous year. Butler’s tenacity in pursuing Prohibition violators extended to the waterfront, patrolled by a new police speedboat obtained at Butler’s direction and seen here during a test trip in 1925. Butler’s desire to stop Prohibition violations immediately clashed with Mayor Freeland Kendrick and the Republican political machine. By December 1925, Butler left his post as director of public safety and many observed that his honesty and zealous commitment to enforcing Prohibition contributed to his speedy exit from Philadelphia. Upon his departure, Butler called Philadelphia the “cesspool” of Pennsylvania, and implored Quaker City citizens to demand honesty from their politicians.

Mayor Freeland Kendrick and Senator William Vare

While running for mayor in 1923, Freeland Kendrick (1873-1953), here on the left, pleaded with President Calvin Coolidge to release Smedley Butler from the Marine Corps to Philadelphia. Coolidge agreed, and Butler arrived in January 1924 with a mandate to clean up the vice-ridden city. Despite—and perhaps because of—Butler’s tenacity in pursuing Prohibition violators, he immediately clashed with Kendrick and the Republican political machine, including South Philadelphia ward boss William Vare (1867-1934), on the right in this photo from January 1927.

Special August Grand Jury of 1928

The murders that jump-started the Special August Grand Jury of 1928 were those of Hugh McLoon and Daniel O’Leary. McLoon, a humpbacked little person who in the 1910s served as the mascot for the Philadelphia Athletics baseball team, managed prizefighters and operated a speakeasy at Tenth and Cuthbert Streets. When he was killed in a drive-by shooting outside his nightclub and O’Leary died in a revenge-style killing, Judge Edwin O. Lewis tasked the grand jury with probing the liquor trade and eliminating the banditry and thuggery surrounding it.

District Attorney John Monaghan (1870-1954), leading the investigation, publicly outed the well-known boxing promoter Max “Boo Boo” Hoff (1895-1941) as the “King of the Bootleggers." Monaghan padlocked more than 1,000 speakeasies and claimed to have closed every brewery and distillery in Philadelphia.

Though Hoff owned several well-known speakeasies and entertained the likes of Al Capone, he escaped a liquor charge.

The grand jury's revelations included detailed financial minutiae—high-level bootleggers had accumulated about $10 million in liquor racket earnings—as well as embarrassing testimony—Philadelphia Director of Public Safety George Elliott and several high-ranking police officers were on Hoff's Christmas gift list. As the grand jury's disclosures reached the press, Collier’s magazine noted that lawlessness was the price Philadelphia had to pay for what it wanted to drink. Indeed, a culture of desperado vengeance and violent intimidation around liquor trafficking saturated the city before—and prevailed beyond—Monaghan's ambitious investigation.

The Special August Grand Jury did not shift public opinion against Prohibition or halt bootlegging-related gang violence. Within three years of the investigation's close, one of the city’s most prominent bootleggers, Mickey Duffy (1888-1931), was slain in his hotel suite in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Infighting appears to have killed Duffy (his murder was never solved), as well as several underlings who grabbed for power in his absence.

Celebrating the Repeal of Prohibition

This photograph, from December of 1933, shows a Philadelphia man and two women celebrating the repeal of Prohibition. Alcohol was illegal for fourteen years and when the passing of the Twenty-First Amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, celebrations were held across the country. Though taverns were once predominantly male-dominated spaces, the desire to consume alcohol in secret forced men and women into close quarters together. After the repeal of Prohibition, speakeasy culture influenced the way men and women participated in nightlife. Many taverns ceased to be male only, and led to the modern bar of the twenty-first century, where men and women often drink and socialize together.

Related Topics

• Corrupt and Contented
• Greater Philadelphia
• Philadelphia and the Nation

Time Periods

• Twentieth Century to 1945
• Center City Philadelphia
• Bootlegging
• Children’s Aid Society of Pennsylvania
• Great Depression
• Immigration (1870-1930)
• Police Department (Philadelphia)

Related Reading

Anderson, Anne Margaret and John J. Binder. Philadelphia Organized Crime in the 1920s and 1930s . Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2014.

Baldwin, Fred D. “Smedley D. Butler and Prohibition Enforcement in Philadelphia, 1924-1925.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 84 (July 1960): 352-368

Funderburg, J. Anne. Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2014.

Haller, Mark H. “Philadelphia Bootlegging and the Report of the Special August Grand Jury.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 109 (April 1985): 215-233.

Kobler, John. Ardent Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition . New York: De Capo Press, 1973.

Leichtman, Ellen C. “The Machine, the Mayor, and the Marine: The Battle over Prohibition in Philadelphia, 1924-1925.” Pennsylvania History 82 (Spring 2015), 109-139.

Okrent, Daniel. Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition . New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010.

Pegram, Thomas R. “Brewing Trouble: Federal, State, and Private Authority in Pennsylvania Prohibition Enforcement Under Gifford Pinchot, 1923-27.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 138 (April 2014): 163-191.

The Special August Grand Jury (1928), Committee of Seventy, Grand Jury Investigations, Box 7, Temple University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center.

Related Collections

Eastern State Penitentiary , 2027 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia.

Independence Seaport Museum , J. Welles Henderson Archives & Library, Bill McCoy scrapbooks, Penn’s Landing, Philadelphia.

Philadelphia City Archives , Record Group 38: Inspector of County Prisons and Record Group 79: Philadelphia Police, 3101 Market Street, Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania State Police Historical, Educational & Memorial Center , 187 E. Hershey Park Drive, Hershey, Pa.

Temple University, Special Collections Research Center , Paley Library, 1210 Polett Walk, Philadelphia.

Related Places

Eastern State Penitentiary , 2027 Fairmount Avenue, Philadelphia, imprisoned a number of bootleggers, including Mickey Duffy, Peter Ford, Francis Bailey, and Al Capone.

1321 Locust Street, the site of one of Max “Boo Boo” Hoff’s speakeasies, The 21 Club.

The Franklin Mortgage & Investment Co ., 112 S. Eighteenth Street, Philadelphia, a speakeasy-style drinking establishment named for Max “Boo Boo” Hoff’s industrial alcohol firm.

Backgrounders

Connecting Headlines with History

• Prohibition left lasting mark on national identity (WHYY, September 30, 2011)
• Constitution Center to focus on 'American Spirits,' the Prohibition years (WHYY, July 31, 2012)
• Could Pa. liquor privatization reignite this year? (WHYY, October 5, 2013)
• Pa. State Police don't care if you're a bootlegger (WHYY, September 3, 2014)
• Potable Power: Delaware Valley Bootlegging During Prohibition (Temple University Libraries)
• Beer and Brewing History at Hagley Museum and Library
• Brewed in Philly (Free Library of Philadelphia)
• A Saint Guided By Spirits (Hidden City Philadelphia)
• Ground Zero for Philadelphia Beer (The PhillyHistory Blog)
• American Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition (National Constitution Center)
• Indomitable Spirits: Prohibition in the United States (Exhibit, Digital Public Library of America)
• Renovations in Bella Vista Reveal Barber Supply and Bootlegging Biz (Hidden City)

Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy