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A Comprehensive List of 35+ Trending Brexit Dissertation Topics

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A Brief Overview of Brexit

List of 35+ trending brexit dissertation topics, how to structure your brexit dissertation, need the best brexit dissertation topics let us help you.

The departure of the UK from the European Union is known as Brexit around the world. It is the abbreviation of â€˜Britain' and â€˜Exit'. Many geopolitical issues are the talk of the world right now. This is the reason it became necessary for students to be updated about the Brexit dissertation topics. One of the discussions over â€˜Brexit' is those. A vote was held on June 23, 2016, in the United Kingdom. The idea of Brexit came out of it as Britain wanted to leave the European Union. Also, this vote decided several other matters. It discussed the reshaping of the countries. Therefore, it also discusses international relationships and economic policies among countries. Thus, this matter has become an essential part of the study of politics. Students must write papers on the research topic on Brexit.

Brexit is the short form of â€˜Britain' and â€˜Exit'. It denotes the decision to separate the United Kingdom from the European Union. It was decided through a vote held on June 23, 2016. Around 51.9% of voters decided to leave the EU. Several essential issues behind this decision were the questions of sovereignty, economic freedom, immigration, etc. These are divided into several dissertation ideas for Brexit.

Personalities like the former Prime Minister, Theresa May and the later Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, tried their best to make certain deals. They also worked hard to get their approval from the parliament. However, the deadlines were only extended as the leaders couldn't conclude specific issues, like borders, trade, and citizen's rights. Finally, the UK left the EU on January 31, 2020. So, this whole issue was widely discussed, so students are asked to write on dissertation topic about Brexit often.

However, they have a transition period until December 31, 2020, to understand the uncertainties. Also, this separation didn't end questions about things like trade and rules in Northern Ireland. So, politics dissertation topics like Brexit impact not only the economic and political condition of the UK but also world politics and made people think about the future of Europe. So, students prefer to go through Brexit dissertation topics to get advanced knowledge on the subject.

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The postgraduate students must study the impact of Brexit on world politics. Also, they may need to write a dissertation on it. So, they can thoroughly research the best Brexit dissertation topics to get one for writing a dissertation.

Brexit dissertation topics have become one of the most common topics in the study of world politics. Therefore, students with post-graduation degrees must know it well. So, this blog will help you to do your dissertation. Here, you will find several dissertation topics about Brexit. Have a look:

10 Trending Dissertation Topics in Brexit

11. Are There Any Disadvantages of Brexit on Trade in the UK?

12. Impact of Brexit on the Labor Market of the UK

13. Brexit and Covid-19- How Did the UK Cope up?

14. The Economics of Brexit during Covid-19

15. The Border Check Plans of Brexit and Its Impact on the UK during Covid-19

16. Financial Services of the UK after Brexit

17. What Will the Future of Brexit be?

18. The Immigration Issue of the UK after Brexit

19. Impact of Brexit on the High Price of Flights

20. UK-EU Economic Overtone after Brexit

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10 Most Popular Brexit Dissertation Topics

21. Impact of Brexit on Maintaining Data Privacy in Britain

22. Role and Reaction of EU to Brexit

23. Impact of Brexit on the Leadership and Culture of the UK

24. What Are the Additional Arguments Against Brexit?

25. Analysing the Impact of Brexit on Germany

26. Effects of Brexit on China-UK Trade

27. The Impact of Brexit on the Automotive Industry of the UK

28. Costs, Causes, and Benefits of Brexit

29. The Impact of Brexit on the Internal Stability of the European Union

30. How Brexit Affect the Value of Sterling?

10 Best Dissertation Topics About Brexit

31. The Implications of Brexit for the UK and EU Regional Competitiveness

32. Does Brexit Announce the End of the Dutch Fishing Industry

33. Effect of Brexit on International Employment

34. The Impact of Brexit on the Agrifood Sector

35. The Consequences of Brexit for the UK Trade and Living Standards

36. The Effects of Brexit on the Geopolitical Dynamics of the UK

37. Will Brexit Affect the Immigration to the UK?

38. Planning of Brexit for the Asset Managers

39. The Impact of Brexit on the Cross-Border Collaboration of Ireland

40. The Impact of Brexit on Asset Management

Students with a Master's degree or PhD must write a dissertation on Brexit. Therefore, they must look for the best Brexit dissertation topics. Hopefully, these topics will help you score high. If you find writing confusing, you can seek the help of UK dissertation writing services .

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It may become difficult for you to construct a thesis for such dissertation topics. This is a really sensitive matter, and people have their histories and experiences attached to it. Therefore, it is best to seek online dissertation help from experts who have experience in writing documents on such papers. However, if you want to continue writing it yourself, it is best to go through the below points to learn how to structure your Brexit dissertation.

A Title Page

A title page must be interesting enough at first look. So, you must design it with the following components-

The title of your dissertation
The name of the student
Type of the document
Degree program
Date of submission
Supervisor's name
Registration number of the student
Logo of the University
Year of the graduation

Acknowledgement

The next page is the acknowledgement. You must finish it within one page. Here, you must acknowledge your supervisor. Also, you can thank your family and friends. Acknowledge every single person who helped you to write your dissertation. It is necessary to be thankful or address the name of the people who have helped you in completing your dissertation. In case of difficulty in writing this section, you can as us, as we can do this as well for you.

An abstract is a brief overview of your dissertation. Here, you must provide a narrative of your write-up. Also, you must present it in a way that convinces your professors or other readers instantly. It will help you highlight the main objective of your dissertation ideas on Brexit. Therefore, it is advised to write this abstract in the beginning. It will help you give a direction to your write-up.

Table of Content

As per our dissertation writers , a table of contents guides readers to know your points of discussion in the write-up. So, you must mention the headings in the table of contents. Thus, readers will know what they will have in your dissertation. Also, readers will have a seamless experience of going through your write-up if you include a table of contents.

Introduction

The introduction is the beginning of your dissertation. Here, you must mention the key points of discussion. Also, you should give a brief of your content. Besides, you must ensure to mention the goals of your research. An introduction is the outline of your write-up. So, it guides readers to go through the content easily. You can even go through some Brexit dissertation examples to make your introduction better.

Literature Review

A literature review is all about your outlook towards the topic. First, you must go through different types of works on any of the chosen Brexit dissertation topics.. Then, you must mention the best parts of those. Also, you should point out the weak parts. Moreover, you must add new things to your work.

Methodology

This is one of the most important part of your dissertation. methodology means the methods you use to write your dissertation. Here, you use different methods for data collection. Also, you use analysis methods to explain your points. So, you must include research design, philosophy, and limitations in this chapter. Also, you should mention the ethical considerations and code of conduct here. Incase of difficulty it is best to seek assignment help UK from experts for this matter.

Conclusions

Here, you must provide the summary of your write-up. Therefore, ensure to mention your judgments and opinions here on the dissertation topics in Brexit. Also, make sure you don't add anything new here. The conclusion should sum up your entire writing and leave a soothing reading experience in readers' minds.

Here, you must follow the instructions of your institution. So, you should refer to all the sources well. Thus, your write-up won't be plagiarised. Therefore, you can note down the sources when taking information. Thus, you won't miss any sources to refer to. Proper referencing increases the integrity of your writing.

Finding a good Brexit dissertation topics is not an easy task. Therefore, students often get confused and make mistakes. Also, they pick any random topic and make several mistakes while writing. So, a dissertation proofreading service can help. We offer such kind of service along with writing and proofreading. So, you can always contact us for better dissertation writing. We are happy to help!

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Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas

Home » Ideas » Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas

Updated: December 9, 2023

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It can be quite challenging to comprehend the landscape of Brexit and doing so requires both strategic thinking and academic study. Getting a link to reliable resources is essential in this modern era as learning is easily accessible and knowledge flows consistently.

Focusing on dissertation topics related to Brexit requires a lot more than just a piece of academic knowledge, it calls for an in-depth understanding provided by online dissertation help services.

Online Dissertation Help Service serves as a beacon for learners entering their academic journey, supporting them with individual guidance, knowledge about research, and practical ideas. When it comes to attaining excellence in higher education amid Brexit’s difficulty, online dissertation services are an essential resource.

List Of Brexit Dissertation Topics In The UK

A complete list of likely dissertation topics on Brexit has been developed by our company, only for educational purposes in the UK. Our carefully chosen topics cover various academic areas as well as research interests and offer various possibilities for deep research and logical study.

Our choice includes an array of issues connected to these complex events, from evaluating the financial aspects of Brexit on specific sectors to examining the implications for politics for the disputed nations.

These topics offer plenty of information for academic research and evaluation whether studying the impact on commerce, legal implications, migration modifications or social and economic implications. Before starting with your dissertation. feel free to pick any topic that aligns with your research criteria, needs and requirements.

Whether you need help with coming up with new fresh concepts for subjects or professional guidance revising the ideas you already have, our online dissertation help services are here to assist you readily. Contact us by completing the form on this page via email or live chat for fresh topics.

1. The consequences of Brexit on the political interactions, trade arrangements, and geographical orientation of the United Kingdom within Europe.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the consequences of Brexit on the political interactions, trade arrangements, and geographical orientation of the United Kingdom within Europe

To assess the consequences of Brexit on the political framework between the United Kingdom and the European Union.
To examine the consequences of Brexit on trade agreements and economic relationships,
To analyse the impact of Brexit on the geographical positioning and worldwide influence of the United Kingdom.

2. An Examination of the Present Discourse and Prospective Implications of a Scottish Independence Referendum Amidst the Brexit Chaos

The aim of this study is to conduct an examination of the ongoing discourse pertaining to the potential outcome of a second referendum on Scottish independence in the middle of Brexit Chaos.

To analyse the possible socioeconomic consequences that may arise from Scottish independence amid the Brexit Chaos
To explore the impact of Scotland’s unique geographical characteristics on its diverse topographical features and urban-rural dichotomy.
To determine the political procedure and legal environment related to the potential second Scottish independence referendum.

3. Brexit’s Impact on the Peace Process in Northern Ireland: Analyzing the Progress and Obstacles Faced in the Shadow of the Good Friday Agreement and its Implications on the Region’s Political and Geographical Dynamics

The study aims to evaluate the advancements made and challenges encountered in the peace process within Northern Ireland as an impact of Brexit, specifically emphasising the Good Friday Agreement and its effects on the political and geographical landscape of the region..

To evaluate the degree of implementation of the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland and its consequential effects on the region’s political landscape, including power-sharing mechanisms, policing, and justice systems.
To examine the impact of geographic factors, including contested territory, urban-rural differences, and community segregation, on the peace process in Northern Ireland.
To identify the persistent challenges encountered in the peace process in Northern Ireland including matters pertaining to identity, the presence of paramilitary entities, and Brexit-linked border procedures.

4. The Impact of Brexit on the Political Power Dynamics in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland: Assessing the Effects of UK Devolution and Addressing Geographical Inequalities

This study aims to examine the impact of Brexit on the political power dynamics in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland while assessing the effects of UK devolution and addressing geographical inequalities.

To evaluate the impact of devolution on the redistribution of political power within the United Kingdom, focusing on an analysis of the functions and powers of the devolved governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
To analyse the geographical discrepancies that have arisen due to the process of devolution, with a specific emphasis on many domains including economic development, healthcare, education, and infrastructure investment.
To examine the significance of cultural, regional, and national identity within the context of the devolution process, specifically, the impact of identity politics on the level of support or opposition towards devolved governments.

5. Examining How Brexit is affecting the Geographical Patterns of Immigration in the United Kingdom and Shifting the Political Dynamics of Immigration Policies

This study seeks to investigate the geographical distribution of immigration in the United Kingdom and the political factors influencing immigration laws, encompassing debates over border control and the reception of asylum seekers with an overall effect of Brexit.

To analyse the geographical distribution of immigration in the United Kingdom, with a particular emphasis on identifying places characterised by increased proportions of immigrant and refugee populations.
To examine the political landscape surrounding immigration legislation in the United Kingdom.
To evaluate the influence of discourse pertaining to immigration, border control, and asylum seekers on the development and progression of immigration policy within the United Kingdom.

6. Examining the Implications Of Brexit On The Complex Sovereignty Dispute Over Gibraltar And The Escalating Tensions Surrounding The Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

The study aims to examine the enduring territorial disputes over the matter of sovereignty over Gibraltar, as well as the growing tensions linked to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) as implications of Brexit.

To analyse the historical backdrop accompanying the territorial conflicts of Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).
To evaluate the present geopolitical dynamics surrounding the conflicts, with a specific focus on the positions and strategies employed by the relevant parties.
To assess the consequences of territorial disputes on the indigenous populations living in Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

7. Exploring the Influence of Politics and Geography on Urban Planning and Regional Development Initiatives in the United Kingdom in the Post-Brexit Era

The primary aim of this study is to examine the influence of politics and geography on urban planning and regional development efforts in the United Kingdom, specifically in relation to the expansion and revitalisation of prominent cities like London and Manchester in the post-Brexit era.

To evaluate the impact of political decisions made at various levels of governance, primarily municipal, regional, and national, on urban planning and development initiatives in prominent cities of the United Kingdom, specifically London and Manchester.
To analyse the geographical consequences of urban development projects in the United Kingdom.
To examine the societal and economic effects of urban planning decisions on Community.

8. Determining the Influence of Brexit and Political Decisions on the Management of Natural Resources in Geographic Regions of United Kingdom

This study aims to investigate the influence of Brexit and political decisions on the management of natural resources in different geographical regions of the United Kingdom.

To assess the effects of political decisions and regulatory actions on the management of offshore natural resources, particularly in the North Sea region.
To analyse the interplay between political decisions about rural land use, agricultural policies, and conservation initiatives, as well as the geographic features present in different regions of the United Kingdom.
To examine the variations in the management of natural resources across various geographic locations within the United Kingdom.

9. The Analysis of Brexit on the Electoral Landscape United Kingdom and their Geographical Implications with respect to Political Party Support and Representation.

This analysis aims to examine the recent elections in the United Kingdom after Brexit, including both general elections and local elections, with a specific focus on the geographic implications in relation to political party support and representation.

To analyse the geographical patterns of voter behaviour in recent elections in the United Kingdom, including both general and local elections with a focus on electoral outcomes across several geographic scales, such as constituencies, regions, and local authorities.
To evaluate the impact of the election systems in the United Kingdom on the geographic distribution of political representation and the dynamics of political parties.
To examine the geographical determinants that impact electoral results in the United Kingdom, including demographic shifts, inequalities in regional economies, and the division between urban and rural areas.

10. To Scrutinise the Role of Brexit on UK’s Global Alliances and their Influence on its Political Decisions and Geographical Orientation

The current research intends to examine the role of Brexit on UK’s global alliances and United Kingdom’s involvement in diverse global geopolitical alliances the consequential influence of these affiliations on its political decision-making and geographic orientation.

To evaluate the United Kingdom’s involvement in various global geopolitical alliances, such as NATO, while also exploring the historical backdrop and underlying factors that have influenced its membership.
To examine the impact of the United Kingdom’s involvement in global alliances on its political decision-making processes, foreign policy decisions, and national security plans.
To analyse the dynamic changes in the United Kingdom’s geopolitical posture and its relationships with global organisations, in light of evolving global dynamics such as power shifts, security threats, and economic interests.

11. Investigating the Brexit’s Impact on Political Endeavours to Safeguard and Preserve Natural Landscape and Wildlife Habitats in United Kingdom

This study aims to examine the Brexit’s effect on political endeavours undertaken in the United Kingdom (UK) to safeguard and preserve natural landscapes and wildlife habitats. It specifically focuses on the establishment and administration of national parks inside the country.

To evaluate the effectiveness of political endeavours and conservation measures in the United Kingdom with the objective of safeguarding and preserving natural ecosystems and habitats for wildlife, including the creation and administration of national parks.
To examine the political factors that influence the decision-making process regarding the creation of national parks and designated wildlife refuges in the United Kingdom.
To analyse the socioeconomic and geographical effects of legislations related to conservation in the United Kingdom.

12. Exploring the Political and Geographical Ramifications of Brexit on Maritime Conflicts in the North Sea: Examining its Impact on the UK-EU Relationship

The present investigation aims to explore the intricate aspects of maritime conflicts due to Brexit in the North Sea, comprising both political and geographical factors.

To assess the impact of maritime conflicts in the North Sea on the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union.
To examine the historical development of maritime conflicts in the North Sea.
To examine the significance of international law, treaties, and governance institutions, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in the resolution of maritime conflicts in the North Sea and their influence on the interactions between the United Kingdom and the European Union.

13. Brexit and The United Kingdom’s Transition to Sustainable Energy Sources: Exploring Political and Geographical Factors.

The present research aims to examine the political and geographical aspects pertaining to the United Kingdom’s shift towards sustainable energy sources in terms of new Brexit regulations, specifically emphasizing the establishment and expansion of offshore wind farms throughout diverse coastal areas.

To evaluate the political factors and policy frameworks that underpin the establishment of offshore wind farms in different coastal locations of the United Kingdom.
To analyse the geographical factors which affect the selection and design of offshore wind farms in various coastal areas of the United Kingdom.
To evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental consequences linked to the installation of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom.

14. Analysing the Effects of Recent Border Controls Implemented in the Irish Sea in the Context of Brexit

The aim of this study is to examine the consequences of the recently enacted border controls and regulations in the Irish Sea subsequent to the Brexit.

To assess the impact of the Northern Ireland Protocol and associated border controls and arrangements in the Irish Sea on trade flows, supply chains, and economic ties between Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom.
To analyse the political implications of the Irish Sea border arrangements on the political landscape of Northern Ireland.
To investigate the geographical transformations in trade routes, patterns of mobility, and infrastructure advancements in Northern Ireland arising from the implementation of border checks in the Irish Sea.

15. Exploring the Impact of Brexit on the UK’s Geopolitical Position and Resource Development Activities in the Arctic Region, and Prospects for Cooperation with Other Arctic States.

This research endeavour seeks to examine the United Kingdom’s interest and engagement with the Arctic region. The aim is to explore the impact of Brexit on the UK’s geopolitical position and resource development activities in the arctic region, and prospects for cooperation with other arctic states.

To evaluate the geopolitical factors that underpin the United Kingdom’s interest and involvement in the Arctic region, including country’s strategic goals, economic pursuits, and national security concerns.
To analyse the United Kingdom’s engagement and strategies related to the exploration of resources, specifically in the domains of oil, gas, minerals, and fisheries, inside the Arctic region.
To examine the diplomatic relationships and cooperative efforts of the United Kingdom (UK) with other nations in the Arctic region, assessing the UK’s role in the Arctic Council and its engagement in tackling various regional challenges, including climate change, shipping routes, and security concerns.

16. Determining the Influence of Brexit on Devolution Process and Autonomy of Wales

The study aims and focuses to determine the effect of Brexit on the decision making process, self-governing powers of Wales and on the process of its devolution. Through this study following aims will also be achieved:

To examine the historical evolution of devolution in Wales, spanning from its initiation to the contemporary era.
To analyse the political identity of Wales and the level of support for expanded autonomy among its inhabitants.
To examine the consequences of enhanced autonomy in Wales on its governance structures, policies, and regional geography.

17. Exploring the Effects of Brexit on Political Dynamics of Transportation Infrastructure Initiatives and its Effect on Regional Connectivity and Socioeconomic Progress.”

The study focuses on Brexit and political dynamics underlying significant transportation infrastructure initiatives and their implications for regional connectivity and socioeconomic progress.

To evaluate the political decision-making process and the various elements that impact the approval and planning of significant transportation infrastructure projects.
To analyse the geographical implications associated with significant transportation infrastructure projects, with a specific emphasis on their effects on regional connectivity, urban-rural dynamics, and economic development.
To determine social and environmental implications associated with transport infrastructure projects.

18. Political and Geographical Dimensions of Cybersecurity Threats and Vulnerabilities in the United Kingdom following Brexit.

This study examines the political and geographical dimensions of cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities in the United Kingdom following Brexit, with a specific focus on potential cyber-attacks sponsored by states.

To evaluate the geopolitical context of cybersecurity risks encountered by the United Kingdom.
To analyse the discrepancies in cybersecurity vulnerabilities across different regions of the United Kingdom.
To examine the political reaction to cybersecurity risks and the adoption of resilience strategies at both the national and regional levels within the United Kingdom.

19. Understanding the Influence of Brexit on Immigration Trends and Policies in the Geographic Distribution of Various Populations in the United Kingdom

The current research intends to examine the influence of Brexit on immigration trends and policies in the geographic distribution of various populations in the United Kingdom, and its associated political dynamics.

To examine the geographic trends of settlement and immigration in the United Kingdom.
To assess the political dynamics within different communities in the United Kingdom.
To analyse the impact of immigration legislation on the integration of heterogeneous communities and the subsequent political perspectives on immigration within the United Kingdom.

20. Exploring the Changing Landscape of Geographical Disparities in Healthcare Accessibility, Economic Fallout, and Regional Responses amidst Brexit and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 on geographical disparities within the United Kingdom amid Brexit, with a particular emphasis on healthcare availability, economic outcomes, and regional responses.

To assess the degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed disparities in healthcare accessibility, infrastructure, and outcomes across different regions of the United Kingdom.
To analyse the economic consequences of the COVID-19 on different locations in the United Kingdom.
To evaluate the measures and adaptive approaches undertaken by different regions in addressing the COVID-19.

21. The Impact of Brexit on the UK business relations and with the EU and beyond

The study aims to assess that how Brexit has impact on the UK business relationships. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the impact of post-Brexit on the UK- EU business.
To identify the effects of Brexit on the policies of UK’s business with non-EU countries.
To analyse the approaches adopted by the UK to moderate business interruptions.
To identify the long-term suggestions of Brexit on the UK’s world-wide trade position.
To make recommendations on the relationships of UK- EU business.

22. Investigating Brexit and its effects on Financial Services in London

The study aims to study the effects of Brexit in the area of financial in London. To achieve this aim these are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the relocation of financial organisations from London to the EU.
To analyse the regulatory variations that are affecting financial services.
To identify the effect on world-wide competitiveness on the City of London.
To make recommendations on the approaches employed by London to maintain its financial hub position.

23. Impact of Brexit and the Northern Ireland Border Issue

The study aims to understand the complexities of the Northern Ireland border post-Brexit. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the Northern Ireland Protocol and its issues.
To identify the economic and political outcomes of a hard border.
To analyse the public opinion and community dynamics related to the border issue.
To make recommendations for addressing border challenges in the Northern Ireland.

24. Analysing the rights of Brexit and EU Nationals in the UK

The study aims to study the status and rights of EU nationals living in the UK after Brexit. To achieve this aim these objectives of the study can be followed:

To identify the variations in immigration policies that affects citizens of EU.
To identify the challenges faced by EU nationals in gaining settled positions.
To identify the impact on access of EU to public services and employment openings.
To make recommendations on measures to secure the rights of EU nationals in the UK.

25. Evaluating Brexit and the Fisheries Industry in the UK

The study aims to study the consequences of Brexit in the fishing area of the UK. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the new fisheries policies and guidelines on post-Brexit.
To identify the economic effect on fishing communities and industries of UK.
To analyse the negotiations and settlements regarding fishing rights.
To make recommendations on the sustainability of UK fisheries post-Brexit.

26. Analysing the Brexit and the Scottish Independence Debate

The study to investigate how Brexit has influenced the push for Scottish independence. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the role of Brexit in shaping public opinion on Scottish independence.
To identify the Scottish method of government to EU relations post-Brexit.
To analyse the effects of an independent Scotland within or outside the EU.
To make recommendations on potential impact of Scottish independence on the UK.

27. Analysing the impact of Brexit and Environmental Policy in the UK

The study aims to study the impact of Brexit on environmental regulations and policies. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the changes in environmental regulation and standards.
To analyse the strategy of UK to international environmental policies post-Brexit.
To identify the implications for conservation efforts and sustainability.
To make recommendations on strategies for sustaining environmental protections.

28. Evaluating Brexit and Its Influence on Higher Education in the UK

The study aims to study that how Brexit has affected higher education institutions and students. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the variations in EU student enrolment and funding.
To identify the impact on research collaborations and funding.
To analyse the approaches employed by universities to adapt to post-Brexit challenges.
Evaluate the long-term consequences for the UK’s higher education sector.

29. Brexit and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Regulatory and Trade Implications

The study aims to understand the regulatory and trade implications of Brexit on the pharmaceutical sector. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the changes in drug approval procedures and regulations.
To analyse the impact on pharmaceutical supply chains and trade.
To identify the approaches employed by pharmaceutical companies to navigate post-Brexit challenges.
Evaluate the implications for patient access to medicines and healthcare costs.

30. Analysing the Brexit and the Irish Peace Process

The study aims to understand the impact of Brexit on the peace development in Northern Ireland. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the potential threats to peace and stability posed by Brexit.
To identify the role of the Good Friday Settlement in the Brexit negotiations.
To analyse the efforts to maintain cross-border cooperation and reconciliation.
To make recommendations for maintaining the peace process in a post-Brexit era.

31. Impact of Brexit and Agricultural Policy in the UK”

The study aims to investigate the implications of Brexit on agricultural policies and practices. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the changes in agricultural subsidies and trade agreements.
To analyse the impact on farming communities and food security.
To identify the strategies employed by the UK government to support agriculture post-Brexit.
To make recommendations on the sustainability of UK agriculture in the absence of EU policies.

32. Brexit and the European Arrest Warrant: Implications for Law Enforcement”

The study aims to understand the consequences of Brexit on cross-border law enforcement cooperation. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the effect of Brexit on extradition and criminal justice processes.
To identify the challenges faced by UK and EU law enforcement agencies post-Brexit.
To analyse the alternative methods for maintaining security cooperation.
To make recommendations on strategies to address potential gaps in law enforcement cooperation.

33. Brexit and EU Competition Policy: Implications for Business

The study aims to investigate how Brexit has affected competition policy and regulations. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the changes in antitrust and competition laws in the UK.
To analyse the impact on businesses working in both the UK and EU markets.
To identify the strategies employed by companies to comply with developing competition rules.
To make recommendations on the implications for consumer protection and market competition.

34. “Investigating Brexit and the Media: Shaping Public Opinion

The study aims to investigate the role of media in shaping public perceptions of Brexit. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the media coverage and narratives related to Brexit.
To analyse the influence of different media channels on public opinion.
To analyse the impact of social media and digital platforms on Brexit discourse.
To make recommendations on strategies for increasing balanced and informed media reporting on Brexit-related issues.

35. Assessing Brexit and the Impact on EU Citizens Living in the UK”

The study aims to assess how Brexit has affected the rights and well-being of EU citizens residing in the UK. These are the following objectives of the study:

To identify the changes in immigration policies and residence position for EU citizens.
To analyse the economic and social implications for EU refugees in the UK.
To identify the challenges faced by EU citizens in accessing healthcare, education, and employment.
To make recommendations on measures to maintain the rights and integration of EU citizens in the post-Brexit UK.

Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas. (2024, March 21). Retrieved from DissertationHelpServices website: https://dissertationhelpservices.uk/brexit-dissertation-topics/.

Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas. (2024, March 21). DissertationHelpServices. https://dissertationhelpservices.uk/brexit-dissertation-topics/

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“Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas.” 2024. DissertationHelpServices. March 21, 2024. https://dissertationhelpservices.uk/brexit-dissertation-topics/.

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Reflections: the UK after Brexit

Original Article
Published: 03 June 2023

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Tim Oliver ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-6595 1

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The articles in this issue have explored the effects Brexit has had on the UK’s international role, identity, and status. In doing so they touch on the wider question of how significant a change Brexit has been for the UK. Most answers to that question point to effects on the constitution, unity, identity, political economy of the UK, and the country’s place in Europe and the wider world. This concluding article highlights processes of both change and continuity. It explores how Brexit has triggered a critical juncture but this has not yet significantly changed the ideas (especially those held by the British elite) about the UK’s role, identity, and status. Such a change may happen in time because the Brexit critical juncture is still happening, with the wider political fallout, especially to the UK’s territorial integrity, still unfolding. Although even here, the potential for continuity should not be underestimated.

British national identity and the Anglo-American special relationship

Srdjan Vucetic

Identity, status and role in UK foreign policy: Brexit and beyond

Mark Webber

Conclusion: Post-Lisbon and British National Identity

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction

Prime Minister David Cameron’s decision to hold a referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU was intended to ‘settle the European question in British politics’ (Cameron 2013 ). He was not alone in hoping for such an outcome. Former Conservative Prime Minister John Major supported the decision claiming, ‘it can be cathartic. It can end 40 years of political squabbles’ (Major 2013 ). It seems remarkable that such hopes once existed given the way the European question has consumed and disrupted British politics since 2016. In that seven-year period there has been (as of spring 2023) five prime ministers with the distinct possibility of a sixth in the near future. Cameron’s expectation, one shared by many, was that when confronted with a choice the British people would opt for continued EU membership. The UK’s relationship with the EU might have caused tensions, especially within the Conservative Party (Cameron and Major were also hoping the referendum would stop Tory infighting on the issue), but before 2016 it seemed unlikely that a majority of the British people would vote to disrupt a connection seen by most of the British political elite, as central to the UK’s economy, politics, society and place in the world. No surprise, then, that the vote to Leave unleashed a period of intense reflection and debate about what the result would mean for the UK and, to a lesser extent, for others. Brexit has, for good or bad, disrupted the international options open to UK policy makers, accelerated changes domestically that are transforming the UK as a country, and made analysts (in both the UK and abroad) rethink the way in which the UK and its approach to international relations and place in the world are understood. The breadth, scale and permanence of the changes unleashed mean the result of the June 2016 referendum triggered a ‘critical juncture’ for the UK.

Yet at the same time there has been a good deal of continuity. Many of the issues faced before June 2016 have been at the heart of discussions and choices about the identity, status, and role of the UK in international relations in the period since. As Chris Hill makes clear in his article, discussion about Britain’s international strategy continues to revolve around ‘the organising idea’ of Churchill’s three majestic circles: the British Empire and Commonwealth; the English-speaking world, included dominions of the empire such as Canada and, crucially, the USA; and what Churchill termed ‘United Europe’. As Hadfield and Whitman note, these orientations might now be ‘unrecognisable in form and substance’ but they still remain central to UK thinking, being ‘re-deployed and re-purposed in Brexit and post-Brexit debates’. Whatever strategy is pursued, the British elite retain a view that the UK has the ability to play a leading role internationally; its master role orientation continues to be that of a leading global actor. Has Brexit then, at least in Britain’s international relations, been less a critical juncture and more a step along a road long-trodden by British policy makers? As Webber notes: ‘[a] concern with status has, after all, been a fixed feature of UK foreign policy for decades.’ What then has actually changed and how significant is that change?

In this concluding article of this special issue I reflect on whether Brexit has been a critical juncture through three steps. First, I set out what Brexit is. Many discussions about Brexit are unclear about the meaning, timeframe and processes involved. The term ‘post-Brexit’ itself needs to be clarified because in many ways Brexit is still happening. Since the 2016 referendum result, Brexit has been the political weather shaping British politics in the same way that the outcomes of the 1945 and 1979 general elections defined the following decades. Second, I explore the idea of Brexit as a critical juncture. I show that Brexit does fit many of the criteria of such an occurrence, yet its full implications are still to be discerned. Finally, I consider the extent to which Brexit has caused a critical juncture that has intruded upon Britain’s international relations. I do so by looking at several global roles that have appeared in debates about how a post-Brexit Britain could approach the world. The previous articles in this special issue are drawn on throughout this third step. The article concludes by arguing that Brexit has indeed been a critical juncture for the UK but this has not yet changed the British elite’s ideas about the country’s role, identity, and status. This may happen in time because of the wider fallout from Brexit, not least to the UK’s unity. Although even on matters surrounding the UK’s unity the potential for continuity in how the British (or English) approach international matters should not be underestimated.

Reflecting on the meaning of Brexit

To understand the effect of Brexit on the UK and the UK’s international relations we first need to do something that is not as straightforward as it sounds: reflect on what Brexit itself means. As noted in many of the preceding articles in this special issue, Brexit is not a single event. If there was a date on which Brexit ‘happened’ it cannot be said to have been the 23rd June 2016, the date of the EU membership referendum—although that can be said to be the moment when Brexit moved from being a short-term campaigning issue to the topic that would dominate British politics and government. Nor did Brexit happen on the date the UK withdrew from the EU, simply because there are two such dates, and the second comes with a big caveat. The UK left the EU’s political institutions on the 31st January 2020. It withdrew from the EU’s Single Market on the 31st December 2020, when the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) entered into force. The caveat is that Northern Ireland, both before and after the Windsor Framework agreed between the UK and EU in early 2023, would remain partly connected to the EU for some trading and regulatory purposes leading to the creation of a customs border between Great Britain (i.e. England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland. This has left some, especially Eurosceptics, feeling Brexit has not been fully delivered for the whole of the UK. The TCA, signed in 2020, is subject to five yearly reviews. With a UK general election due to be called no later than January 2025, there remains a strong possibility the review will become a politically contentious act straining UK-EU relations.

Brexit, therefore, becomes a series of processes rather than events, although even this creates problems of definition given the large number of processes involved. There are the processes that are the official negotiations: between the UK and EU; between the EU’s various institutions and Member States; within UK central government; between UK central government and the UK’s parliament, courts and devolved and local governments; between UK and EU officials and regulators; and between the UK (and to a lesser extent also for the EU) and non-EU states and bodies. There are also processes about adaptation. These can be political, with Brexit being a process by which the UK’s (and to a much less extent, the EU’s) politicians and political parties have had to come to terms with Brexit. There are also economic processes navigated by regulators, businesses and customers in the UK and outside it. There are social and cultural processes, especially over matters of identity and citizenship. And there are the foreign policy processes as the UK adapts to what Brexit means for its place in the world, to which we turn below.

Given some of these processes are ongoing, can it be said that the UK today is in a post-Brexit era? That depends on the outcomes. As with processes, a focus on outcomes both clarifies and confuses. Having won a general election on a mandate to ‘get Brexit done’, Boris Johnson did subsequently deliver both a Withdrawal Agreement followed by the TCA. But as noted, for some Eurosceptics the outcome is incomplete because of the situation with Northern Ireland. The economic outcome also remains disputed. Identifying the costs of Brexit has been made difficult by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it has become clear that a price has been paid. The Office for Budget Responsibility has suggested that Brexit has led to a reduction in UK GDP of 4 per cent ( BBC News 2021 ); John Springford ( 2022 ) of the Centre for European Reform puts that figure at 5.2 per cent. Both these projections argue that the long-term economic cost of Brexit can be distinguished from the sharp but short-term costs of the COVID-19 pandemic. But Leave campaigners remain adamant that Brexit was not about economics but sovereignty and control, and that the economic outcome of Brexit remains in play because no government has yet been able (or willing) to fully exploit what they argue are the economic and trade opportunities of leaving the EU. This controversy over the outcomes of Brexit stems, in large part, from the lack of clarity evident among proponents of Leave as to what exactly such a course of action would mean in practice (Grey 2021 ). This remains the case even with the Withdrawal Agreement and the TCA, which together equate to a form of ‘hard Brexit’ that very few Leave campaigners promised (or even anticipated) in June 2016. For this reason, the wider effects of withdrawal to the UK’s political economy remain contested. While there is only a limited possibility of the UK re-joining the EU anytime soon, adaptation of the relationship has been a reality throughout the negotiations and looks set to remain so. Luxembourg Prime Minister Xavier Bettel’s description (cited in Stephens 2018 ) of the negotiations in 2018—‘[t]hey [i.e. the UK] were in with a load of opt-outs. Now they are out, and want a load of opt-ins’—still applies even after the TCA.

Such ambiguous adaptation can also be seen in the international consequences of the UK withdrawing from the EU. The outcome of the Withdrawal Agreement and TCA is that the UK no longer partakes in EU decision-making in the Common Foreign and Security Policy, over trade agreements, sanctions policies, the environment or regulatory diplomacy. And yet the outcome, as explored below, is that the UK finds itself drawn back to the EU for one of two reasons, both of which revolve around the EU’s predominance in European affairs. First, Europe remains, along with the transatlantic relationship, the main strategic concern of British foreign policy. Europe is, as Churchill (cited in Simms 2016 : xv) once said, ‘where the weather comes from’. That weather is shaped significantly by the EU because, secondly, on many economic, social, or environmental matters the UK still aligns with EU laws and regulations because of the ‘Brussels effect’ (Bradford 2020 ). Of course, the potential to diverge from this exists, something Leave supporters in particular point out. But as discussed below, the outcome so far has been a continuation of alignment, albeit often quietly.

Brexit as a critical juncture?

Brexit has been and remains deeply controversial because so much is at stake. Through Brexit, the UK (and to a much lesser extent the EU) have faced questions and debates about identity and unity, political economy and trade, international relations and security. Of course, many of the questions raised, such as over the future unity of the UK or the US–UK relationship, long pre-date the 2016 referendum. That vote, however, brought these matters together in a way that turned Brexit into the issue through which so much else in British politics has come to be framed and discussed (Oliver 2018 ). Brexit should also not be seen in isolation from a series of changes that have shaped the UK and the wider world. As Webber explains in his opening article, Brexit has unfolded against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, accelerating climate change, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the strategic competition between the United States on the one hand and China and Russia on the other. When all this is put together, does Brexit become a critical juncture for the UK? Did the 2016 vote set in train a series of processes and outcomes that have permanently remade the UK and its place in the world? Is the degree of change on a par with other critical junctures that have happened as a result of democratic votes by the British people: the 1945 general election that led to Clement Attlee’s Labour government bringing in the ‘post-war consensus’, and the 1979 general election that led to Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government upending that consensus?

The idea of a critical juncture has been used to refer to a significant uncertain change that happens quickly and during which decisions are made by key political actors that create an enduring legacy that contrasts with other possible outcomes (Collier and Munck 2017 ). Research into critical junctures is often macro-comparative. The field is large and extensive, ranging from studies into changes to political party systems or national trade union movements (Rokkan and Lipset 1967 ) through to national revolutions or the collapse and replacement of international orders (Ikenberry 2001 ). It has been central to comparative politics and historical analysis (Capoccia and Kelemen 2007 ). In the field of international relations the idea of ‘punctuated equilibrium’, put forward by Stephen Krasner (Krasner 1984 ), is sometimes used to explain short periods of dramatic change between long periods of stasis in the international system. This contrasts with ideas of slow, continuous evolution. Related, methodological approaches such as process tracing, cross-case analysis and counterfactual reasoning can be used to help understand what sorts of event, whether national economic crises or wars, can cause critical junctures. Crucially, such studies look into what happens during the critical juncture to create the enduring change (often defined by path dependency) that follows.

A range of authors have discussed Brexit as a critical juncture (Zappettini and Krzyżanowski 2019 ; Gstöhl and Phinnemore 2021 ; Alexandre-Collier et al. 2022 ). All note that the June 2016 referendum was the cause of the critical juncture rather than the critical juncture itself. The critical juncture lies in the processes that followed that vote. These processes led to attempts by leading political actors to create new institutions not only for UK-EU relations but also in the setup of the UK’s politics, governance, economy, identity and place in the world beyond Europe. Not all of these processes have resulted in clear outcomes. Critical junctures can take years or even decades to unfold and only appear quick from the perspective of a long historical timeframe. For this reason, Brexit is best understood as still ongoing and so only preliminary conclusions can be offered as to its conclusions. That said, Brexit has created opportunities to change the UK significantly, with some changes already producing outcomes with an enduring legacy. Most obvious here is the outcome of the hard Brexit of the TCA as opposed to a softer Brexit such as membership of the European Economic Area (EEA). It is important to note that such an outcome was not predetermined. In the introductory article Webber notes, citing Denis Macshane ( 2021 ), that this may even have been accidental, the result of ‘domestic political division, ill-judged decision-making by flawed leaders and a form of perverse path dependence whereby a process was set in motion that proved impossible to reverse even when its negative consequences became clear.’ Compared to the aforementioned elections of 1945 and 1979, Brexit from the start had few clearly defined outcomes. Attlee and Thatcher won their respective elections with clear ideological agendas and manifestos to implement. Their positions included the UK’s international relations. Under Attlee there was a move from Empire to Commonwealth. Under Thatcher there was a pursuit of free-market policies with the rest of Europe (which was instrumental in creating the EU’s Single Market), in relations with the United States, and in the struggle against the USSR. By contrast, the problem with the 2016 referendum vote was the lack of a clear policy agenda around the option of ‘Leave’ (Grey 2021 ). Therein lies the reason why the outcomes of Brexit have been so difficult to define. The UK has been taken to the hard Brexit of the TCA but much else, such as decisions about the UK’s political economy, have remained unsettled (Marr 2022 ). Even the TCA, as noted, was far from a predetermined outcome. As Helen Drake notes, the UK government was ill-prepared for Brexit and lacked ‘a diplomatic strategy or narrative’ once negotiations on its terms with the EU got under way. This led to the curious diplomatic position in which frustrated EU negotiators eventually felt compelled to set out for the UK the options London had to choose from. Was such a messy situation a critical juncture? Arguably, yes as such a situation never entails a determined outcome and incremental change is normal. As many of the articles in this issue point out, on matters of identity, status, and role the UK remains far from having a settled outcome from Brexit on international matters. Leaving the EU is an exceptional undertaking, but it need not lead in one direction only—a path toward greater and greater distance—it could also result in re-association and a movement back to closer relations.

A critical juncture for Britain’s international role?

To examine whether the critical juncture of Brexit has led to role adaptation in Britain’s international relations I explore several international roles that the post-Brexit UK could pursue. From the debates that have followed the 2016 vote (including those touched upon in the preceding articles of this special issue) it is possible to identify several such roles. This list is not exhaustive and other roles could be identified. That’s because these roles in large part reflect political debates and tropes political actors draw on. Each of the roles is set out here as an ideal type, with a focus on what each would mean for the identity and status of the UK (Oliver 2020 ) and what each says about the broader orientation, conception and performance of role set out in the introductory article of this special issue.

‘Switzerland with nukes’

This role would see the UK adopt an isolationist approach to the world as a regional but inward-looking power (Faulconbridge 2012 ). It would involve the UK detaching itself from the global security, economic and political arenas within which it has sought leadership since 1945. It would thus involve renunciation of some of the UK’s leading resources in international relations, such as its permanent seat on the UN Security Council. Britain’s international relations would focus on the security of the mainland UK, leaving few if any overseas commitments (including to the remaining UK’s overseas territories). The UK might remain a member of NATO, but like the French in 1966 would withdraw from the integrated military command structure of the Atlantic alliance. International aid would be limited, and a sceptical approach would be taken to environmental matters. Economic, trade and immigration policies would be hostile to free-movement and open markets, and a mercantilist and protectionist outlook would become the norm. The UK would remain a nuclear power, but almost certainly at the cost of losing the US built and designed delivery system of Trident. That would leave the UK as a limited nuclear power in possession of only a small number of nuclear warheads.

Such an isolationist approach might sound extreme given the desire in the UK—especially amongst its elite—to play a leading role in international affairs. However, debates surrounding Brexit have contained some strong isolationist tendencies, especially towards the rest of Europe (at least in the form of the EU). The hard Brexit of the TCA has demonstrated, as Egan and Webber in their article note, a willingness on the part of UK decision makers to ignore economic costs (and the geographical realities behind it) in favour of political goals. A willingness to antagonise European allies has frequently been on show, perhaps in part driven by what Drake refers to as a ‘victimhood status’. The Home Office’s ‘hostile environment’ policy on immigration has long strained relations with the nationals and governments of non-EU states, with the possibility that this would extend to EU citizens being something EU negotiators were keen to prevent as part of the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement. If this approach to the world has emerged it is because there is a domestic audience (sometimes casually referred to as the ‘left behind’) sceptical of immigration and globalisation and the security challenges they bring.

The ‘Switzerland with nukes’ option is unlikely to materialise. All of the articles in this special issue have shown no willingness on the part of the UK’s elite to pursue a reduced role let alone an isolationist one. It would involve embracing the status and identity of a small, regional power focussed on itself and its immediate neighbourhood. Such a choice would incur the anger of Britain’s allies who would come to view the UK as a security free-rider. In his article, Cladi makes clear that Brexit has not changed the UK’s strategic culture of military pre-eminence and overseas commitment. And as Kienzle and Dee show in their article, the renewal of Britain’s nuclear arsenal, the nuclear dimension to the AUKUS agreement, and the UK’s continued participation in the negotiations surrounding the Iran nuclear deal all suggest that Brexit has not changed the emphasis on nuclear power and nuclear diplomacy in British foreign policy. On immigration, meanwhile, the UK might have ended free-movement for EU citizens and the legacy of the ‘hostile environment’ policy lingers, but this has not changed the UK’s demand for non-UK workers with immigration numbers continuing to grow since 2016. Nor are the UK’s political elite known for favouring mercantilism. The TCA might have brought about a hard Brexit, but the UK has shown only a limited ability to break or isolate itself from the ‘Brussels effect’ (Bradford 2020 ). Furthermore, as Egan and Webber show even if the economic significance of the UK’s new trade agreements have been overplayed, their pursuit has shown a UK government determined to play a leading role in global if not necessarily European economics.

‘Singapore on Thames’

In contrast to the first role, the role of ‘Singapore on Thames’ (sometimes also referred to as ‘Davos on Thames’) would see the UK adopt a hyper-globalist, libertarian, low-tax, deregulatory approach to both domestic and international affairs. This would entail some isolationism so that business and trade were not jeopardised by politics, security, or ethical considerations. Immigration would be more open to attract the full range of high and low skilled workers needed. Defence capabilities would be configured for homeland defence, but with a commitment to supporting efforts to keeping trade routes open. The UK would be a member of various regional and international organisations, but with an explicit commitment to working through them to promote business, investment, and free trade. Outside of the EU’s regulatory system, the UK would innovate or undercut the EU while also pushing for a move away from regional trading bodies in favour of more global competition. Britain would therefore be a leading player in global free trade where it would push for a new period of lower trade barriers globally.

It’s easy to find problems with this ideal type. First, the use of Singapore in this role, like that of Switzerland in the first, is unfair on both countries. Switzerland’s neutrality does not mean it is closed to globalisation. Indeed, Switzerland has been notorious for its willingness to be open to the free movement of capital. Singapore meanwhile has a highly interventionist state. Discussion of this idea can also overlook that the UK already has a city on the Thames which is hyper-global: London. Nevertheless, the desire to detach from the EU’s ‘Brussels effect’ to deregulate and compete globally has been a clearly stated desire by some Conservative and libertarian backers of Brexit (Cliffe 2022 ; Marr 2022 ). The UK’s successful development and deployment of a COVID-19 vaccine was heralded as an example of how this economic model could succeed while the EU’s slower and more cumbersome approach doomed it to under-achievement. That the USA’s vaccine development moved more quickly than the EU’s seemed to reinforce the call for a more market-based approach. Wilkinson and Lucas note how the UK’s world leading defence industry is seen by the UK government as playing a major role in ‘global Britain’. As Egan and Webber makes clear, the UK has successfully negotiated a number of new trade agreements (even if most are very similar to those it had through the EU—a form of path dependence Brexit has not yet changed dramatically) in so doing developing a growing trade negotiating capability. There might have been costs, not least for British agriculture, but the UK has shown a willingness to push for free trade, even going so far as to pursue the idea of being the first non-Pacific country to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

The idea of the UK as a buccaneering free-trading nation has, however, faced significant difficulties. Leaving the EU did not boost the UK’s ability to produce a COVID-19 vaccine. Britons have shown a limited willingness to move towards an American free-market economic model as opposed to a more European social democratic one. London’s model of hyper-global success does not appeal across the UK. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, growing tensions with China and unease at close relations with some Middle Eastern states have led the UK government and Britain’s allies to pressure the City of London to turn away business with these states. As Wilkinson and Lucas’s article highlights, the UK’s defence industry is shaped by the UK’s security needs and national interests and therefore not entirely by the free market. This has not stopped this agenda from being at the forefront of attempts by some in the Conservative Party to steer the UK toward a more neo-liberal outcome. However, as newly installed Prime Minister Liz Truss discovered, this role is not one that global financial markets felt that in the autumn of 2022 the UK had the capabilities to deliver on. Nor were the British people (or even the governing Conservative Party) enthusiastic about the costs. Far from earning a reputation for being a Singapore on Thames, her attempts soon saw the UK labelled as an emerging market or a new Argentina (Walshe 2022 ). Truss’s resignation from office in October 2022—earning a record for the shortest-serving UK prime minister in history—did not put paid to the idea of emboldened deregulation, but it certainly cast doubt on the viability of any rush toward the Singapore-on-Thames adventure of low taxes, high growth and deregulation (Keegan 2022 ).

Could the UK go the other way, towards a more regulated, perhaps even Scandinavian style state that at home and abroad is more focussed on standards of living and development? Hadfield and Whitman point to how this has been made more difficult because the merger of the Department for International Development with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, something that points to a securitisation of British aid policy. The article by Burns gives some further pointers here through the policy area of the environment. As she makes clear, ideas of a ‘Green Brexit’ have been tied to notions of the UK as a leading player in the world. But this has not been backed by adequate domestic policy commitments, which in turn has undermined international credibility. It serves as an example of how on leaving the EU the UK might have escaped its institutional constraints, but this brought with it new tasks and administrative challenges the British state has struggled to live up to. The experience highlights how, as with the more neoliberal, free-trade approach, the language and expectations of Brexit have too often been about empowerment. The reality has been constraints and additional costs, ones which the UK has yet to fully come to terms with both domestically and internationally.

An EU-UK ‘special relationship’

British prime ministers have long struggled to find a way to describe the relationship with the EU vis-à-vis other partners, especially the United States. The latter, Gordon Brown claimed, was Britain’s ‘most important bilateral relationship’. That neatly sidestepped the fact that the relationship with the EU touched on so much that it went beyond being a strictly multilateral relationship. No wonder then that the need for a close relationship overhung the Brexit negotiations. Prime Minister Theresa May spoke of the need for the UK and EU to develop a ‘deep and special partnership’, although what this was to be and how it would be structured, she never set out. Such a relationship at its most developed would be as close as possible to re-joining the EU without actually doing so. It might also entail some form of membership of the EEA, although without reform of the EEA-EU relationship this would not provide any sort of bridge into EU decision-making.

If an institutional framework and sufficiently high level of trust could be created for a UK-EU special relationship, then there are grounds to hope that this might underpin a wider international role. While a Member State, the UK was described as ‘an awkward partner’ (George 1996 ) but one should not ignore the fact that successive British governments often showed the UK to be a quietly constructive interlocutor (Oliver and Daddow 2016 ). In domestic politics, governments were often unwilling to present their European credentials, but this might not be as big an obstacle in the future as it was in the past. In a twist, Brexit has shown the UK to be more European than many in the UK might have appreciated before June 2016. Brexit has confronted the British public and its political and economic elites with several realities about the UK economy (still heavily connected to the EU), society (more aligned with European outlooks than those of the United States or others) and place in the world (as a regional European power dwarfed by larger global powers, such as the EU). Perhaps one of the most notable developments from Brexit has been for pro-Europeanism to emerge from the shadows of British politics (Oliver and Walshe 2020 ). This creates the potential for a more positive relationship through the institutions and networks created by the TCA. While the degree of contact between political actors cannot be as deep as that associated with actual membership, the multi-dimensional nature of a possible future relationship means regulators, officials and representatives from across the UK (in both Westminster and beyond) can develop healthy connections with their EU counterparts (see also Phinnemore 2022 ).

This does not mean that a Europeanised UK is destined to rejoin the EU. It would more than likely take another critical juncture to break the path dependence of the TCA’s hard Brexit. Further, while the UK has engaged with European multilateralism, a distance has remained with the EU. The war in Ukraine has reminded British policy makers that the UK has withdrawn from the EU but not from Europe. But that has meant a focus on relations with European states through NATO (as discussed by Cladi) and, at some remove, with the Council of Europe and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (Grogan 2022 ). It has also entailed a lot of muddling through in building links, especially bilateral ones, so as to avoid any formal UK-EU institutional setup on foreign policy coordination. The 2021 Integrated Review reflected this tone, making only a passing mention of the EU. This is not a sign of the EU’s lack of importance to the UK’s international relations; it is, rather, a sign of how such documents are drafted with political sensitivities in mind with geopolitics placed second. The 2015 UK National Security Strategy also said very little about the EU, despite it being published shortly after the election of a government with a commitment to put to the British people one of the biggest foreign policy choices since 1945. That the EU remains the UK’s most important multilateral relationship means the potential exists for closer UK-EU relations, but many decision makers remain uneasy at accepting this.

A ‘Global European balancer’

Of all the roles outlined this would be the most ambitious. It would see the UK seek an independent way that builds on, but is not limited to, the European and US pillars upon which British foreign policy has been largely based since 1945. Such a course would not mean that relations with the EU or the United States would be unimportant concerns for British policy makers. They would instead be just two of several key relationships. Britain’s economy, trade, politics, diplomacy, and defence would be configured as if it was a global power with global interests. For defence, it would see a strategy designed to allow the UK to engage in a wide spectrum of conflicts, with a return to deployments ‘East of Suez’ being one of the most obvious commitments. In an overlap with the ‘Singapore on Thames’ role, trade policy would be aimed at showing global leadership, which would see the UK try to move away from the pull of both the US and EU.

Such an independent global role would see the UK overstretched more so than any time since 1945. The scepticism of allies and foes is not difficult to imagine. Yet this role can be found in arguments that the Commonwealth might serve as a third way for the UK between the United States and the EU. It would also be a role that connects the UK to the Anglosphere, albeit without being preoccupied by relations with the United States. And it would connect the UK to large parts of the developing world and emerging markets such as India. Such ideas have been present in British foreign policy debates since 1945 (Kenny and Pearce 2018 ). The 2021 Integrated Review makes much of the importance of developing relations with emerging markets and favoured an ‘Indo-Pacific tilt’. To its defenders, the idea of the UK seeking a role apart from the EU and the United States reflects a globalised world where neither side of the North Atlantic is any longer the centre of geopolitical affairs. They argue that as a result of its history the UK has the cultural, social, demographic, constitutional, historical and economic links to uniquely adapt to such a globalised world.

To sceptics such ideas are atavistic. The rediscovery of the Commonwealth harks back to a bygone age. While the Commonwealth does contain a number of emerging markets, the UK’s trade with Germany alone matches the countries in this grouping. Most Commonwealth countries, meanwhile were opposed or wary of Brexit, seeing little or no benefit for them or, indeed, the UK. The end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022, meanwhile, raised the prospect of moves by a number of Commonwealth states to become republics. The loss of the Queen’s global reputation, and the debates her death prompted about the history of the British Empire add to a sense the UK would be overreaching itself if it felt it could embark on a more ambitious global role through this medium.

The 51st state

The UK’s willingness to align itself with the United States has been a long-standing complaint by critics of UK foreign policy from all sides of the political spectrum. Despite much debate about what to call the relationship between the two—whether it is the special relationship or a special relationship—it has rested on a core that has survived the vagaries of prime ministerial-presidential relations, economic crises, and disagreements over international matters such as the Vietnam War, human rights, and cooperation on environmental matters. That core has been based on close relations in intelligence sharing, special forces, and nuclear weapons. Military staff and civilian officials working in those areas have developed an often unique and deeply trusting relationship which neither country shares with any other to the same extent. Could the UK through Brexit build a wider relationship where such ‘specialness’ (Danchev 1998 ) goes beyond this core to embrace a range of other areas?

Such a role has been alluded to repeatedly since the EU referendum and efforts have been made to develop it. The May, Johnson and Truss governments have all been clear that they would like to negotiate a free trade agreement with the United States. This reflects not only the importance of America to the British economy; it reflects also a desire by some politicians, especially within the Conservative Party to adjust the UK’s regulatory alignment away from the EU. Such a move would build on the close relationship between the financial centres of London and New York. As the article by Wilkinson and Lucas points out, the UK’s defence industry is already more closely aligned with the United States than with the rest of Europe. That orientation fits neatly with the military and intelligence core of the special relationship. Chris Hill notes that in turning away from the EU, and with a Commonwealth or third way option at best a hollow shell, the UK has found itself bound to turn more to the United States for leadership and status. One outcome of that has been the AUKUS agreement.

But a deepening trans-Atlantic relationship has problems of its own, touched on in many of the articles in this special issue. Wilkinson and Lucas note that while the close defence industry relationship enhances interoperability between British and American forces it also leaves the UK beholden to US defence policy and the US defence industry. It remains unclear if US policy makers welcome the UK’s disengagement from Europe to assist the United States in areas of the world such as the Pacific. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has increased a long-standing US desire that the Europeans—the UK included—do more to defend Europe. The conflict has seen EU defence spending and cooperation grow but without the UK’s direct involvement because its efforts at shaping European responses have been directed at NATO. Furthermore, Hill in his article points to how the AUKUS option shows the limitations of British aspirations to work beyond Europe insofar as this reinforces dependency on the United States. Similarly, as Hadfield and Whitman note in their piece, even the Integrated Review , with its ‘Indo-Pacific tilt’, still confirmed an ‘Atlantic dimension […] critical to the architecture of post-Brexit foreign policy.’ Disengaging from European security to pursue ambitions elsewhere in the world that do not connect back to European and North Atlantic security and stability thus appears to be a strategic dead end.

Similar problems face UK policy makers with regard to the economic relationship with the United States. A free trade deal would be a poor substitute for the bigger goal the UK had long sought of a US-EU trade agreement. Efforts to create the now defunct Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership were strongly backed by the UK because it would have deepened the US-European relationship. Some supporters of the idea (such as Liz Truss when UK Foreign Secretary) went so far as to call the idea ‘an economic NATO’ (Truss cited in Stokes 2022 ). The failure to agree a trade deal followed by Brexit has left the UK negotiating on its own with a US political system where favouritism towards the UK cannot be taken for granted. The situation with the Northern Ireland Protocol has caused particular problems. So too has potential backlash by British farmers, consumers, businesses, and civil society at the idea of connecting the UK to a close but ultimately subservient economic relationship with the United States.

An English foreign policy: Little England or Little Britain?

The June 2016 EU referendum reignited debates about Scottish independence only two years after the Scottish people voted to remain a part of the UK. A break-up of the UK would be one of the defining outcomes of the critical juncture of Brexit, with significant implications for the international relations of all the constituent parts of the UK. It could bring to an end the very idea of Britishness given the union of England and Scotland was central to British identity and to the creation of the British Empire (rarely ever described as an ‘English Empire’) (Colley 2005 ). As Kienzle and Dee make clear in their article, Scottish independence would almost certainly see the end of the UK’s nuclear deterrent because of the lack of an obvious alternative location in England for the facilities at Faslane and, crucially, Coulport, both of which are in the West of Scotland. Irish reunification would see a dramatic change to the setup of the Irish Republic. The scale of that change—and the security implications for the Irish Republic—mean the remaining UK might need to commit to assisting the Irish Republic in this transition. The constituent parts of the UK would be plunged into negotiations over the break-up, opening up debates about debt, pensions, defence capabilities, and national and international institutions such as the BBC or diplomatic representation abroad. An independent Scotland could attempt to rejoin the EU, which if achieved would create a trade border in the island of Great Britain (Hayward and McEwan 2022 ). The length and nature of the process by which the break-up would happen, and how far it might go—whether it would include Wales—remain unclear but would have both domestic and international outcomes. The Former United Kingdom of England and Wales may be the successor state rather than England on its own (Matthijs 2017 ). While much of the focus in these debates has been on Scotland and Northern Ireland, an equally if not more important question is what would become of England.

Whether British foreign policy is really English foreign policy has been raised in the articles by Webber, and Kienzle and Dee. Exploring this question, however, presents us with several problems. First is the dearth of data or analysis about England and the English. In one of the few detailed studies of England as such, Henderson and Wyn-Jones ( 2021 ) show that UK opinion polling is often about Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) with Northern Ireland often left out of the analysis because of its peculiar political setup. UK political science often fails to look beyond the system of governance centred on Westminster and Whitehall. Insufficient attention is thus given to devolved assemblies in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and to metropolitan and unitary authorities in England. This is something mirrored in media coverage, which can also be very Westminster-Whitehall centric. The few studies that do examine England can therefore raise more questions than answers. Henderson and Wyn-Jones’s work has shown that the UK lacks a united sense of Britishness. This results in some curious configurations. It means ‘British’ foreign policy, at least on the issue of leaving the EU, aligns with those who identify more as English in England but with those who see themselves as more British in Scotland. It remains unclear, however, to what extent such divisions extend to other areas such as defence, international aid, international alliances, free trade and globalisation. Furthermore, little research exists on whether differences on such matters exist within England, such as between north and south or between London and the rest of the country.

What can we say, therefore, about whether Brexit is leading to a UK role in the world that is more English in its identity than British? First, with 85 per cent of the UK’s population and economy it shouldn’t be a surprise that England is central to the UK’s role and outlook. One thing Brexit has not shifted, especially for that 85 per cent, is the centralised nature of the British state. While in the Brexit negotiations there were victories for Parliament and the Supreme Court in disputes with the UK government, these still revolved around the idea of the sovereignty of parliament. If anything, Brexit appears to have strengthened this idea with powers returned from Brussels focussed on Westminster-Whitehall in order to develop a more coherent UK internal market. International relations, including trade deals and immigration, are very much the preserve of Westminster-Whitehall. Efforts or calls to move towards a more consensus system, such as through ‘people assemblies’ to debate Brexit, have been more about political manoeuvring than embracing a move away from the majoritarian Westminster model. Internationally it is unclear—again, because of a lack of data and analysis—whether many know or care about the difference between England and Britain/UK given the already well-known (especially to the residents of the non-English parts of the UK) confusion that exists on the issue. The indifference of some in England, including ironically amongst members of the Conservative Party (or to give it its full name—the Conservative and Unionist Party), to the possible break-up of the UK points to the possibility that some feel the end of the UK will not be a significant change. Or, it is a price to be tolerated for a hard Brexit (McCall 2019 ). This begs important questions. If Brexit does lead to a break-up of the UK and sees England emerging (reemerging?) as the successor state, would England’s politics, economy, and international outlooks (and the way it is viewed by others) be radically different to those of the UK? The break-up of the UK could be a critical juncture, including for the international outlooks of England and the rest of the former UK. But successor states such as Russia after the USSR point to the potential for the elites and institutions of such states to resist or even challenge rather than accept a changed role in the world.

The June 2016 referendum was meant to settle what David Cameron (cited in Oliver 2015 : 77) referred to as the ‘European question’ in British politics. Instead, it triggered a critical juncture that seven years later is still unfolding with uncertain outcomes for the UK domestically and internationally. This does not mean other factors have not been important. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and growing problems in the UK’s political economy have been important drivers of UK politics and foreign policy. Brexit, however, has been present throughout. It has been the political weather of British politics. Some of the outcomes of Brexit, most clearly the TCA, have created new institutions that now define a key part of the UK’s place and role in the world. Other outcomes, such as in relations with the United States (including in defence), towards emerging markets, on trade and political economy, and domestically such as over the unity of the UK, remain in flux. Brexit has also been unique to the UK, with various attempts made to measure the UK’s experiences against that of others (Springford 2022 ). Analysing Brexit therefore remains one of the best ways to understand the contemporary UK.

This concluding article of this special issue has reflected on the effects of Brexit on the UK’s role in the world by looking at six ideal type roles. By doing so it was possible to look at whether Brexit has changed the UK in its relations with leading allies such as the United States, in its economic and trade outlook, or its defence posture. Crucially, this allowed discussion about whether Brexit has changed the UK’s identity and status in the world and its leading role orientation. The analysis here shows that while there has been some role adaptation, there has also been much inertia. Whether it is in ideas of isolation or of a closer relationship with the United States, each role highlighted how the three key questions outlined in Chris Hill’s article continue to challenge British policy makers: how to manage relative decline? how to play both a global and regional role without having to retreat to the latter? and how to align Britain’s international relations with the sort of country the UK wants to be domestically? Despite some policies that hint at a more isolated and limited role, Brexit has not yet made British policy makers re-evaluate their desire to play a leading role in the world, including in Europe.

In time, the long-term changes of Brexit may lead to a different outcome. As this article and the preceding ones in this special issue show, it is clear that Brexit has triggered a series of processes that are changing the UK and its place in the world. However, it is difficult to be clear about the outcomes of these processes. Critical junctures are often only quick when viewed retrospectively over a long timeframe. The critical juncture of Brexit is ongoing, but we can discern some outcomes that have already started to have effects that point to longer-term costs that could eventually shift the outlook of policy makers and their ability to pursue the status protection discussed by Webber at the start of this special issue. The choice of the TCA has lowered British trade with the rest of the EU but, through the legal requirements entailed in the agreement, have limited the potential for the UK to diverge from the EU’s regulatory reach. Efforts to counteract this through trade deals with other countries and parts of the world have so far added little, but do point to a desire to prioritise politics over economics. The potential for the UK to break-up has increased, although the potential effects of this outcome on England remain unclear or under-researched. The trust of the EU and other allies has been weakened because of the frustrations at negotiating with a UK elite that struggled to define what they wanted from negotiations and who still appear to lack clear ideas of where they wish to take the UK.

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Oliver, T. Reflections: the UK after Brexit. Int Polit (2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-023-00472-6

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Sample Dissertations

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Brexit and The European Union Dissertation

Brexit and the european union.

The year 2016 is going to be remembered for long years to go for the historical term “Brexit” that meant Britain exiting from European Union. This possibility aroused since 2007, under the article 50 of treaty of European Union under European states. The final exit decision took place in June 2016 under the referendum where the votes in favor of leaving EU were 51.9%. Though there were many reasons that lead to Brexit, but some of the economic aspects are worth mentioning.

The people of Britain wanted self government system back that had existed hundreds of years ago. There were certain reasons that British citizens wanted to exit from European Union and thus held general elections to get rid of the government. The main issue behind this exit decision was that being under European Union made Britain feel like being ruled by a foreign power where they have no rights of taking their own decisions (Dagnis Jensen and Snaith, 2016). One of the key economic impacts is that Britain had been facing trade barriers under the European Union that could be well managed by this exit decision. The market prices for EU are much higher than the world market prices and that has been affecting the economy of Britain in terms that the country involved in producing more of the products that were worst and less of those it was best in producing. Furthermore this also led the customers to pay higher amounts due to tariff and trade policies of EU and thus the exit from it was the much significant decision (Weiler, 2015).

Figure 1: Income inequality in UK

Figure 1 above describes one of the key economic reasons why Britain chose to leave the European Union is inequality in Income. It describes that though the overall European economy was doing well and had larger benefits and shares, still these benefits are not being felt by population in an even and justified manner.

After this exit, the barriers both tariff and non- tariff on trade could be removed from UK that were being imposed upon by EU till now. This will in turn benefit the customers and raise their living standards due to larger decrease in import prices. In contrast to this there are certain arguments against this decision of exit of Britain from EU (Boulanger and Philippidis, 2015). The key UK producers could determine that the prices that they would get in the free market would be different they used to get inside EU, in fact it would be lesser.

The products they sell outside are no different they sell inside EU but the protection of customs union premium provided by EU would be lost that would affect these producers. It can be concluded from the above statements that the customers would be the people in benefit from this exit decision and also those firms that are willing to buy the products at the world prices, whereas the producers within the union would be disheartened as they would have to lose their share of premium under the European Union. There are further arguments describing that after Brexit, UK may opt to trade under World Trade Organization (WTO) policies (Dhingra, Ottaviano, Sampson and Reenen, 2016). In such case it would not be able to get benefits of tariff free trade as it had, being under the membership of EU. Further this would also support the companies in halting the inflow of less skilled workers from EU. It would also provide relaxation in migration policies and provide ease to the highly skilled immigrants from EU and non- EU countries to work.

Another economic perspective towards this decision of Britain is the gain that the customers and firms would have while balancing the resources and allotting them to industries which are efficient and removing from that are less or inefficient (Oliver, 2016). The key economists of the country also estimate the gain in trade of Britain after this exit to 4% rise in GDP. Despite of this there are arguments with risks of loss in job and foreign direct investment. It has been argued that the foreign investments would be reduced but it has neglected the fact that FDI is just due to better returns in foreign capital and thus the countries can invest, just the sectors would change where there are free trade policies. Further with the investments in new sectors, the jobs will also arise in those, thereby fulfilling the loss of jobs created in the European Union protected sectors.

After the result of referendum on Britain exiting EU, many economic, political and financial impacts are most likely to be seen. It would be not new and surprising to know that after the decision, London is to face a number of financial issues that would further have an impact on overall economy of the country (MacShane, 2015). The very first impact that could be seen in London would be loss of jobs. In making the decision of exit from the European Union, the future of the city of London has been one of the key concerns.

The government of London will have to involve in effective strategy formulation to manage the possible financial and economic effects of this referendum. There are possibilities of clash in market with the change in currency values that will have an overall impact over London and its market. However, it is being argued that the city will remain as the key financial centre of the world and will be successful in managing the “Brexit” situation as it has already undergone such crisis situations during the world wars too (Barrett and et.al, 2015). While London was within the European Union, it had been enjoying the title of world’s important financial centers which is now likely to get affected by various policies and regulatory aspects.

There are number of companies that have already announced that with this decision of exiting from the European Union, they would be moving their employees out of London. J.P. Morgan also in this context said that it would be relocating around 4000 of its employees out of Europe. There are many banks outside the nation, like from US that have been trading in London as to escape from the restrictions that exist outside the European markets (Swinbank, 2016).

Similarly with the news of Brexit, Deutsche Bank also said that it is going to relocate its employees. The effects of Brexit decision are to be studied for London, as it is not only the financial centre of Europe but has topped the list of world’s best city to do business due to fewer barriers. Therefore this decision will definitely be affecting its title and the overall business economy. There are many businesses dominating in London like banking, mortgage brokers, real estate firms and the overall financial industry that is much likely to be affected with this referendum. Furthermore, there are cities in EU like Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Dublin that would be most benefited with this change and have prospective of becoming the new London for the world markets (Springford and Whyte, 2014). The overall situation can also be understood with the concept of Passporting with context to EU that describes that all the European Union based financial institutions can sell their services without getting the approval of regulator.

Further after the Brexit, every such firm would need to get regulatory approvals on local basis that is a key factor driving their decision to move their business out of London. Passporting is one of the key features that have led to the success of the banking industry with EU nations due to ease of cross border transactions and investments. After this decision, London would need to develop a new regulator that would not only require cost but would also involve authentication to develop trust among the various business firms to rely upon (Danielsson, James, Valenzuela and Zer, 2014). Further authorization of new regulators would also take considerable time to establish itself that will bring a change in the overall financial and economic status for London for its exiting decision from the European Union.

There are various risks associated with all the firms working in UK that would be affected with the decision of Britain exiting the European Union. The city like London have been the financial hub of UK that would be the most affected area after the referendum result in Britain exiting the European Union. Most of the firms that are likely to be affected by this decision would be the financial institutions, banks, real estate firms, etc. Before this referendum’s result, there are many companies that have already announced their changing business plans and strategies for their firms in Britain, if the country was to leave EU (Virasami, 2016). Most of the banks and companies are already in need to leave UK, and shift their operations to other country under the European Union states. This is due to the ease of business and lesser trade barriers and tariffs under the European Union policies that might have a larger economic and financial impact on every business.

Companies like Vodafone have warned UK that it would be shifting its headquarters from London to some other country if it exited the European Union. On the same track, one of the biggest lenders of Britain, Lloyd’s Banking group had made plans to sell out the shares of the taxpayers that are prone to be affected once the decision is being made. Furthermore companies like Virgin group have plans to cut down around 3000 jobs with the Brexit. Apart from this there are companies that have put their future export and investment plans on hold after the final decision being announced. Also the lending firms have cut short their property purchasing in London (Helm, 2016).

The risks associated with the decision of Britain exiting EU are not countable or measurable but could be understood in terms of financial and economic losses. Large numbers of firms are to face the loss in market share and affect the availability of jobs as well as personnel. The risks for the companies also involve lowered profits for the firms and control over the personnel. This decision is also likely to affect the political and social scenario of the country. Immigration is a problem that is being faced by the nation and more than half of the population is immigrant of some other place. However, with this decision, the immigrants would move again in search of better opportunities and jobs. Also as studied above, after exiting EU, the regulatory approvals would become more difficult and troublesome for the firms to continue in the same way as it existed before. Though this decision is favorable for customers and buyers but producers and investors are the ones that are most likely to be affected (Williams, 2016).

The final decision of Britain exiting the European Union would completely reform the financial services industry of the country. It has been evident that the city of London had been the largest centre of financial investments in the complete European Union and has been attracting large number of banks and financial service providers. It will thus be required for UK to formulate effective polices and plans to retain all its existing business firms and develop regulatory authorities to manage the approvals after exiting from EU (Palmer, 2016).

With the step towards taking the decision of exit from EU, there are many threats and risks associated with Brexit. There are many uncertainties and challenges that British firms have to possibly face after this decision. After this, UK will have to lose its membership of European Economic Area, European Free Trade association etc. The committee handling risks have been analyzing potential risks and have coordinating to make sure they have better plans to deal with short term and long term risks. There are companies like British gas Insurance that may not have direct potential impact through Brexit but if their parent company Centrica is impacted then they might also face risks for which they need proper mitigation approaches.

Communication

There are companies that are getting involved in improving communication among the different managerial levels. They have plans to ensure each and every message and update over the Brexit issue and let all the people all over the organization know about it on consistent basis (MacShane, 2015).

Stakeholders

The risk managers have also plans to keep their stakeholders assured and manage them cautiously. They too are to be updated timely about their losses or gains with shareholdings in the firms. Also the stakeholders must have clarity of situation and the company must not make fake promises to them.

Change Management

This is one of the most important aspects to be considered in risk management approach. The firms and its employees must be completely ready to accept the possible changes that are to occur if UK leaves EU. There would be lot of changes in legal, economic and political scenario that would have an overall impact on the complete economy. These impacts could be seen not only for few days or months but for years (Springford and Whyte, 2014). Thus the managers must be aware about the next steps they are to take up for managing the changed scenario of UK after leaving the membership of EU.

There are possibilities that if Britain exits EU, there will be migration, attrition, policy changes and loss of shareholders that will change the complete business scenario for the country. Also the legal and authorizing business approvals would have to be established in a completely new form that would need the firms that intent to continue with UK, to manage the upcoming challenges.

There are many firms that have announced that they would be shifting their operations partially or fully to some other country that is an EU member state (Oliver, 2016). This is an approach that many firms have adopted in order to ensure that they do not face extreme losses or trade barriers.

It has been evident that EU states have benefits of free trade with least barriers but this would not be the situation if UK exits this membership. It has been a fact that the jobs in Britain are being safeguarded by EU as it has been a market centre for more than 500 million customers and it is Britain whose membership with EU has been the most attracting factor for FDI.

However this decision of Britain had led the firms to hire new people called effective troubleshooters that would help them in dealing with such situation after Brexit. The demand of lawyers, consultants, financial advisors and experts in the country has increased with this news flowing around for the sake of safeguarding the business from the post effects of this decision (Weiler, 2015). The organizations have started working on the reframing of trade agreements, funding problems and their solutions, staffing concerns, trade barriers and plans to deal with them. Though EU had provided free trade but the extreme interference of its policies in trade and profit sharing for the firms had made Britain to take such decision. Thus there are many firms that are still in support of this decision of Brexit, despite of the fact that this can be a potential threat to their business and funding requirements.

Barrett, A. and et.al, 2015. Scoping the possible economic implications of Brexit on Ireland. ESRI Research Series , 48 .

Boulanger, P. and Philippidis, G., 2015. The End of a Romance? A Note on the Quantitative Impacts of a ‘Brexit’ from the European Union. Journal of Agricultural Economics , 66 (3), pp.832-842.

Dagnis Jensen, M. and Snaith, H., 2016. When politics prevails: the political economy of a Brexit. Journal of European Public Policy , pp.1-9.

Danielsson, J., James, K., Valenzuela, M. and Zer, I., 2014. Model risk and the implications for risk management, macroprudential policy, and financial regulations. VoxEU. org , 8 .

Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G.I., Sampson, T. and Reenen, J.V., 2016. The consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards.

Helm, T., 2016. Brexit donor’s company spells out risks of quitting EU.

MacShane, D., 2015. Brexit: How Britain Will Leave Europe . IB Tauris.

Oliver, T., 2016. European and international views of Brexit. Journal of European Public Policy , pp.1-8.

Palmer, K., 2016. How businesses have reacted to Brexit so far .

Springford, J. and Whyte, P., 2014. The consequences of Brexit for the City of London. Centre for European Reform .

Swinbank, A., 2016. Brexit or Bremain? Future Options for UK Agricultural Policy and the CAP. EuroChoices , 15 (2), pp.5-10.

Virasami, J.H., 2016. Brexit referendum: in-out, in-out, shake it all about. ROAR , 9 , p.2016.

Weiler, J.H., 2015. Brexit: No Happy Endings; The EJIL Annual Foreword; EJIL on your iPad!!!; Vital Statistics; ICON. S Conference. European journal of international law= Journal europeen de droit international , 26 (1), pp.1-7.

Williams, S., 2016. Brexit: What Companies Should Do Next .

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51 thoughts on “Brexit and The European Union Dissertation”

Thіs is an extremely good post. I’ve been looking for Brexit related dissertation material for some time now. I have read this blog post but can you please upload the dissertation in full so that I can read it. Thank you.

Hi, this is not a dissertation it is an assignment I wrote for this blog.

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Thank you for any other informative post. I am looking to write a dissertation on the impact of Brexit on movement of employees within European organisations. Do you have anything along these lines?

Hello. I’d like to give an enormous thumbs up for the great Brexit post. I might be coming again to your blog for more soon. I’m looking to write my own research paper on the effects of Brexit on UK commerce links with the EU. Are you able to post any more material in relation to Brexit?

Hi Lanora, We are in the process of uploading a couple of dissertation titles relating to Brexit. Be sure to keep an eye out for them by bookmarking the main dissertation collection page. Cheers.

I am Italian and I do not want to be part of the EU any longer. The EU is not helping my country it is making it bad. Italy needs to leave the EU soon or it will be too late. The EU is controlled by Germany and France. Sorry for my bad English, I am learning at university.

Hi Mari. I completely understand what you are saying. The EU needs to change. Your written English is very good.

Well I sincerely liked reading your post on Brexit and the European Union. I do feel that the EU needs to change and become less integrated. You may find other member states will leave the EU in the near future if they are allowed an in/out referendum.

Hello Gia, I doubt very much that Brussels will allow any other country to have an in/out referendum. They know the consequences and it does not fall in line with what the EU wants. The EU wants a superstate whilst taking sovereignty away from member states.

Thanks for another magnificent Brexit related post. I have group presentation on the effects of Brexit on EU migration next week and this research will help out.

Hi Lemere, thanks for the positive feedback. We have more Brexit related material in our dissertation collection pages if you are interested.

Allo. I am french and pray the france leaves the eu soon. it is a failed economic project that take powers away from countries.

Hi there. we all have views on Brexit. Thanks for the reply.

great post – there is not many Brexit dissertations out there but the contents of the research is close to my research inquiry. I was hoping that this was downloadable and attached to the post.

Thanks Jackson – More Brexit dissertations to be added shortly.

Thank you for the Brexit write up. Brexit is no doubt complex but you made this post readable and digestible, that cannot be said about the bias Brexit articles out there.

Thanks Leo – I’m just glad that Brexit is actually happening and we can start to move on.

Recommended for anybody wishing to better understand the complex Brexit topic. You definitely made this somewhat emotive subject interesting and on topic in relation to business management.

Thanks for the comment Francis. I’m hoping Brexit will get done and we can move on towards more important issues surrounding the UK and EU.

Good post to get information regarding Brexit. I think I know what you voted for.

Hi Chantal. I didn’t vote to be honest. Thanks for the comment.

I’d like to follow you if that would be OK. I am currently studying at university and Brexit is a topic that we are looking at. can you upload more please.

Hello there. We do have more Brexit dissertation topics in the main section. These cannot be uploaded I’m afraid.

Hi, just wanted to tell you I enjoyed reading this Brexit post. It was insightful. Keep on posting.

Thanks for the positive reply Marguerite. We have ore Brexit related material that will be uploaded to this blog soon.

Hello. Are you able to upload the entire Brexit dissertation in this blog post or do I have to access it elsewhere?

Hi Jay – We do have Brexit dissertations in the business dissertation section. These can be purchased and will be emailed to you. We do not upload dissertations in their entirety in this blog.

I think this is among the best Brexit information for me. The article is well written and will come in useful when I start my own dissertation.

Thanks for the positive feedback.

Hello, I have been looking for a Brexit dissertation for some time and this one is perfect for me. I have referenced the material in this post. Please keep posting more Brexit material.

Thanks Chang. We are looking to upload two new Brexit dissertations shortly.

Hello there. I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this Brexit blog post together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it. Please post more Brexit academic material.

Great Brexit post. I will be going through many of these issues as well notably around trade.

Great Brexit write up. I see that the EU are not doing so well at the moment with Corona and the Euro currency. I wonder when the next country will leave.

Thanks for the positive feedback Kieran.

I am from Russia and a student. I am happy UK left EU.

No problem Lien.

hello. i think united kingdom will do well in 10 years from now. it will take time for uk economy to come back to where it was.

Hello. Thanks for your comments. Let see where the UK will be in the next 5 – 10 years.

EU Law Dissertation Topics & Ideas

The European Union (EU) is one of the most complex legal systems in the world, governing over 447 million people in 27 member states. Its legal system is constantly evolving and changing to meet the needs and challenges of the European Union, making it an exciting area of study for anyone interested in law and politics. As such, students pursuing a dissertation in EU law have a vast array of topics to choose from, ranging from the regulation of digital platforms to the protection of fundamental rights. However, they still hire masters dissertation writing services to seek suggestions for topic selection.

Luckily, this blog provides numerous EU law dissertation ideas that may help students in their research journey. These ideas represent some of the most important and current legal issues facing the EU, and they offer a range of topics for students to explore. While some of the ideas may overlap with each other, they all represent unique and important areas of EU law.

The Top EU Law Dissertation Ideas

As many law students struggle to find good EU law dissertation ideas, we intend to help them. The following dissertation ideas are to provide you with a starting point for their research, and you can explore each topic in greater detail, depending on your interests and background knowledge. However, you should not limit to these ideas and should feel free to explore other areas of EU law that you find interesting.

Overall, EU law is a rich and dynamic field that offers numerous opportunities for research and scholarship. Through their research, students can deepen their understanding of the EU legal system and contribute to the development of new legal ideas and practices. Perhaps now you are aware of the EU law system, so let’s get to the point of helping you by providing the list of top EU law research topics.

The impact of Brexit on EU law: Analyzing the implications of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU on EU law and the legal relationship between the UK and the EU
The role of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the development of EU law: A critical analysis of the ECJ’s jurisprudence and its impact on the evolution of EU law
The protection of fundamental rights in the EU: A comparative analysis of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights
The regulation of the digital economy in the EU: Analyzing the legal framework for regulating e-commerce, digital platforms, and data protection in the EU
The role of the European Parliament in the legislative process of the EU: A critical analysis of the European Parliament’s powers and its impact on the democratic legitimacy of the EU

Rare EU Law Research Topics

If you are looking for rare EU law research topics to impress your supervisors and secure top scores, do not worry. We have a list of rare EU law research topic ideas that can help you with this objective. However, we warn you that rare topics require more effort and brain, so be careful of what you are choosing.

The enforcement of EU competition law: Analyzing the effectiveness of EU competition law and the role of the European Commission in enforcing it
The protection of intellectual property rights in the EU: A critical analysis of the legal framework for protecting intellectual property in the EU and its impact on innovation and creativity
The regulation of migration in the EU: Analyzing the legal framework for regulating migration in the EU and its impact on human rights and social cohesion
The role of EU law in environmental protection: A critical analysis of the legal framework for environmental protection in the EU and the impact of EU environmental law on national environmental policies
The future of the EU legal system: Analyzing the challenges facing the EU legal system in the 21st century and proposing reforms to enhance its effectiveness and legitimacy
The impact of Brexit on EU law: A critical analysis of the implications of the UK’S withdrawal from the European Union on EU law and its future development
The role of the European court of justice in the development of EU law: A critical analysis of the court’s jurisprudence and its impact on the development of EU law
The legal framework for EU competition law: A comparative analysis of the EU and us competition law regimes

Common EU Law Research Topics

If nothing catches your eye, we suggest looking at this list of common EU law research topics. Sometimes, it is good to go with common things for a hasty and hassle-free process. In case you are a working student, you should definitely pick a common topic.

The right to data protection in the EU: analyzing the implications of the general data protection regulation on the right to privacy and data protection
The EU’S environmental law and policy: A critical analysis of the effectiveness of EU environmental law and policy in promoting sustainable development
The impact of EU law on national legal systems: Analyzing the relationship between EU law and national legal systems in the EU member states
The protection of human rights in the EU: A critical analysis of the EU’S human rights legal framework and its impact on the protection of human rights in the EU member states
The role of the European Parliament in EU lawmaking: Analyzing the European parliament’s legislative power and its impact on the development of EU law
The legal framework for EU energy policy: A comparative analysis of the EU and us energy law regimes
The impact of EU law on intellectual property: Analyzing the implications of EU intellectual property law on innovation and creativity in the EU

As we have provided you with numerous EU law dissertation topics of different levels, we hope will not hire law dissertation help services to seek further advice on topic selection. You can freely mold any topic you like from this article according to your needs. Also, if you do not find any topic ideal for your dissertation from this article, we suggest browsing the internet for more. Perhaps you will find a topic that meets your criteria at its best.

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95 Brexit Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best brexit topic ideas & essay examples, 🎓 interesting topics to write about brexit, 👍 good research topics about brexit, ❓ brexit essay questions.

The Toyota United Kingdom Firm After Brexit With the recent changes in the political landscape of the United Kingdom, Toyota has found itself on the brink of losing this portion of the market.
EU’s Role and Reaction to Brexit While the EU is one of the primary actors of Brexit since it participates in the negotiations as one of the parties, it can be considered as the primary reason for the start of the […] We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
The Influence of Brexit on Automotive Industry in the UK The purpose of the present research is to compare the effect of Brexit on the UK economy in general and on the UK automotive industry in particular as perceived by the UK business students.
The Brexit Decision: Leadership and Culture The mentality of the British is significantly predetermined by the country’s isolated location and characterized by their national pride, straightforwardness, sovereignty, and confidence in their exceptionality.
The UK Post-Brexit Challenges: Study Methodology Since the proposed study is focused, the research will be conducted using a quantitative survey of secondary data consisting of official data on trade performance before and projected results after the Brexit.
Brexit, Its Reasons and Possible Consequences The withdrawal of the UK from the European Union, known as Brexit or the Leave, has been the point of much debate, in particular, because of the multitude of supporting arguments on both sides.
Labor and Product Shortages in the UK Due to Brexit For example, the Hormone Replacement Therapy product supply has not been reliable in the past years due to several factors such as the low manufacturing capacity and the disruption of the global chain.
The Brexit Impact on the European Union Internal Stability In this regard, I will search for scholarly sources and periodicals that evaluate Brexit’s impact on the EU internal stability and strength of European integration.
Causes, Costs, and Benefits of Brexit The United Kingdom was increasingly affected by the EU immigration policy and the economic crisis of the other EU members. EU immigration control, terrorism threats, and economic crisis affected the United Kingdom’s decision to leave […]
Analysis of Impact of Brexit on Germany The United Kingdom is the leading actor and the main economic loser of Brexit. From the economic perspective, there are three main domains to measure Brexit’s impact: the movement of the workforce, the trade of […]
Tariff Changes After Brexit in China-UK Trade Key areas of research that are relevant to this investigation include an investigation of tools and techniques associated with developmental research that applies to the research problem, defining the role of developmental research in understanding […]
Additional Arguments Against Brexit Brexit will also reduce the investment of foreign companies in the UK and can lead to the relocation of their headquarters to the EU to leave the opportunity for free trade and business activity.
Brexit Effect on Financial Markets The process of disintegration of the EU, or Brexit, became a topic of heated discussion as the long-term implication of the matter was unclear.
Brexit and COVID-19: Economic Stability of the EU The purpose of this policy note is to provide the general information about EU economy, show its importance in comparison to other countries, discuss the effect of Brexit and COVID-19 on the situation, and analyze […]
Brexit and United Kingdom Politics In case Britain will decide in favor of a “no-deal Brexit,” which includes the termination of the free trade agreement with the EU, it can make all importers’ and exporters’ trade operations more costly and, […]
Brexit and Aviation Industry in the UK and Europe The most significant impact of BREXIT on the airline industry in the UK and the EU would be economic ramifications as key drivers of industry change.
Britain Data Privacy Confusion After Brexit The article “Data regulation: Britain faces data privacy confusion after Brexit” studies the implications of the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union on data protection and the difficult decisions the government will have […]
UK Post-Brexit Challenges and Opportunities The purpose of such blocs, historically, has been the establishment of trade standards, elimination of border restrictions, introduction of common quality, transportation, and inspection regulations, freedom of movement of goods and services, and the adoption […]
Impact of Brexit on the UK Financial Services Industry The UK government organized a referendum in 2016 to decide if the UK was to remain in the EU or exit, and the majority decision was to leave the EU. Table 2 presents a breakdown […]
UK-EU Economic Overtone After Brexit Here, the scope of the analysis is centered on understanding the threats and opportunities of the move and the models of economic relations between the UK and the EU.
Brexit Trade and Investment Implications Brexit is a commonly used inference to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The predominant issues that characterize the exit of Britain from the European Union are the economy and immigration.
Brexit Effect: Tourism & Hospitality in the UK The general state of the tourism industry in the country is crucial to the success of hotel businesses as they are the main providers of stay for visitors.
Brexit Macroeconomic Impact on the United Kingdom One of the most important aspects of the referendum that appealed to pro-Brexit voters was the perception of how immigration can affect the labour market.
Brexit and Trump’s Election in Online News Media The former British prime minister once stated that the internet had the power to ‘excite the attention of hundreds, thousands, millions of people and stirs them to action’. In the end, the side that understood […]
How Will Brexit Send Flight Prices Soaring Higher? The article “How will Brexit send flight prices soaring higher?” is devoted to the impact which Brexit might produce on the aviation market in the UK and EU.
Irish Consumer Sentiment Slumps as No-Deal Brexit Looms
Hard Brexit Is the End of the Dutch Fishing Industry’
Brexit and New Perspectives of an Unconventional Way of Eurozone Revival
The Implications of Brexit for UK and EU Regional Competitiveness
Benchmarking Brexit: How the British Decision to Leave Shapes EU Public Opinion
Macroprudential Risk Management Problems in Brexit
Post-Brexit Scenario: The European Union Under Threat
Brexit and the Environment: The EU and UK as Both Good and Bad Influences
How Has Brexit Affected the Value of Sterling
Beyond Brexit: Reshaping Policies for Regional Development in Europe
Brexit and the Implications for Financial Services
Potential International Employment Effects of a Hard Brexit
Brexit and Trade: Between Facts and Irrelevance
Evidence From the Brexit Referendum in Great Britain
Brexit and Implications for the Agrifood Sector
The Consequences of Brexit for UK Trade and Living Standards
Brexit Planning for Asset Managers
How Brexit Threatens Irish Science’s Cross-Border Collaboration
Brexit Shows up the Failures of Globalisation, With Hate Advancing Across the Globe and Humanity in Retreat
The Impact of Brexit on Asset Management
Brexit and the Irish Border: Historical Context
The Implications of Brexit for Intellectual Property Law and Policy
Brexit and the Irish Border: Legal and Political Questions
Strategies for Post-Brexit UK: International Agricultural Trade Relations
The UK, and India Launch Post-brexit Free Trade Talks
Brexit’s Long-Run Effects on the UK Economy
Pre and Post-effects of Brexit Polling on the United Kingdom Economy
Brexit Voting Patterns, Education, and Geography
A Brexit Election: Voting in the 2017 General Election
Brexit: What You Need to Know About the UK Leaving the EU
International Macroeconomy for Brexit and Economy
Brexit and the Irish Border: Consequences for the Peace Process
The Brexit Effect: The Pound vs the Euro
Brexit and CDS Spillovers Across UK and Europe
How Will Brexit Affect Tax Competition and Tax Harmonization
Brexit and Trade and Economic Relations Between Russia and the UK
UK Agricultural Trade: State of Play and Possible Impacts of Brexit
Brexit and Foreign Investment in the UK
The Impacts of Brexit on Agricultural Trade
Brexit, Globalisation, and the Future of the EU
What Is Brexit and Why Did It Happen?
Is the UK Still in Europe After Brexit?
Can EU Citizens Work in Scotland After Brexit?
Is Brexit Good for Britain?
How Has Brexit Affected the UK Economy?
What Are the Legal and Political Questions Associated With Brexit?
How Did Brexit Affect the EU?
Who Started Brexit?
How Many EU Workers Left the UK After Brexit?
When Did Britain Separate From Europe?
What Were the Main Arguments for Brexit?
How Is the Reform of Regional Development Policy in Europe After Brexit?
What Are the Implications of Brexit for Intellectual Property Law and Policy?
What Does Brexit Mean for the Hospitality Industry?/li>
Did Brexit Affect the Financial Stability in the UK?
How Did Brexit Affect the Euro?
What Are the Implications of Brexit for the Agri-Food Sector?
How Will Brexit Affect Foreign Direct Investment?
What Is the Impact of Brexit on the Pound in the Foreign Exchange Market?
Is There a Connection Between Brexit and International Agricultural Trade?
What Are the New Perspectives of an Unconventional Way of Eurozone Revival After Brexit?
What Does the Brexit Deal Mean for Our Environment?
What Is the Macroeconomic Impact of Trade Policy Uncertainty After Brexit?
Is Brexit to Blame for Inflation?
How Did Brexit Affect Immigrants?
What Are the Negative Effects of Brexit?
Why Does the Brexit Decision Put a Strain on the German Economy?
What Are the Operational and Institutional Aspects for World Insurance Market After Brexit?
How Many EU Citizens Have Left UK Since Brexit?
What Opportunities for German-Irish Trade Did the Brexit Open Up?
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A PhD dissertation proposal on “Brexit” and the clash between Europeanisation” and national identity in twenty-first century Europe- A Constructivist view

“brexit” and the clash between europeanisation” and national identity in twenty-first century europe, rationale behind the dissertation.

This dissertation would look at the way in which the process of “Europeanisation” directed by the European Union elite has clashed with the new articulations of the concept of national identity in 21 st century Europe (Dunt, 2016, p. 119; Gowland, 2016, p. 50). This dissertation will argue that “Brexit” is a socially-constructed phenomenon that is underscored by the clash between the functionalist facet of “Europeanisation” and the primordialist concept of nationhood (Connolly, 2013, p. 94). “Brexit” is seen by the Leave camp (and, in an increasing manner, by the British political establishment) as an opportunity for national renewal. The identitarian considerations derived from this assertion are underpinned by the reformulation of the concept of the nation-state and the reinstatement of the traditional values associated to the idea of “Britishness” (Hannan, 2017, p. 11; Ford and Goodwin, 2014, p. 80). These considerations indicate the primacy of social and political factors over economic concerns. According to the identitarian view that guides “Brexit” breaking free from the shackles of the European Union is a process that cannot be examined according to a functionalist criterion. Using a Constructivist theoretical platform, this dissertation will look at the example of “Brexit” in order to examine the manner in which identitarian tendencies are marring the spectrum of “Europeanisation,” by projecting narratives that are centred around the primacy of the nation-state (Bootle, 2016, p. 88; Liddle, 2014, p. 72). “Europeanisation” is a socially constructed mechanism based on the delivery of effective forms of governance for the European continent in the realm of economic and, to some extent, political integration (Zahariadis, 2008, p. 221).

The Constructivist theoretical blueprint emphasises the socially constructed nature of the narrative that sustains the legitimacy of a particular political and economic system (Zehfuss, 2002, p. 63). In this context, the narrative of national identity had a significant impact on the “Brexit” project and the rise of populist movements across Europe (Charter, 2012, p. 33). Using Constructivist theory, this dissertation will argue that “Brexit,” along with other manifestations of populism in Europe, is based on a Gemeinschaft construction of society, which highlights the shared social bonds, norms, values and morals held by members of a particular national group (Zehfuss, 2002, p. 69). This socially-constructed view of “national identity,” epitomised in the decision of the British electorate to exit the European Union in June 2016, clashes with the Gesellschaft approach projected by the European elites, which highlights the importance of rational calculation in aspects related to economic and political integration (Burchill (ed.), 2005, p. 70). The process of “Europeanisation” is dictated by the shared values and cultural affiliation that are part and parcel of a common European identity (MacShane, 2016, p. 31). From this standpoint, it is possible to argue that the re-emergence of the concept of “national identity,” as it transpires from Brexit and the rise of populist movements across Europe, is the manifestation of the top-down nature of European integration (Duff, 2016, p. 113; Liddle, 2014, p. 29). The identitarian narrative that has become so prominent in the European political space in recent years constitutes a rejection of the project of “Europeanisation,” which is seen as an elite-driven project that is focused on economic issues, rather than on the preservation of the specific cultural and social characteristics of each European nation (Verhofstadt, 2017, p. 40). The main argument to be put forward by this dissertation is that “Brexit” is a phenomenon that ought to be interpreted from a Constructivist perspective. This is because the emerging concept of “national democracy” that is influencing the system of government in Europe is based on the primacy of identity issues over material considerations (Zehfuss, 2002, p. 65). As such, there is an increased willingness to adopt a system of political representation that is based on a primordialist concept of citizenship. The concept of “national democracy” that emerges from the clash between the identitarian movement and the process of “Europeanisation” is aimed at rejecting some of the modernist elements attached to the civic concept of citizenship, which is highly influenced by the functionalist orientation of the process of economic and political integration directed by the European Union.

Methodology

This dissertation will make use of primary data related to “Brexit” and the rise of identitarian movements across Europe, including statements produced by relevant actors and political and economic reports related to the study of these phenomena. The themes that are identified from the analysis of the primary data will be examined through the theoretical lens of Constructivism, particularly as it concerns the projection of certain narratives as instruments for the social construction of reality. Furthermore, there will be an emphasis on the way in which the concept of identity serves to entrench certain political choices (Jackson and Sorensen, 2007, p. 81). At the same time, this dissertation will also refer to the impressive array of secondary sources that exists in the areas of study that are being investigated.

This dissertation employs a qualitative methodology in order to evaluate the different variables concerning the conflation of “Brexit” with rise of identitarian movements across Europe. This dissertation will use a thematic approach, which consists in identifying the different themes that arise from the examination of the primary and secondary sources related to the subject matter (Boyatzis, 1998, p. 92). The thematic approach is a useful method for identifying certain ideas that are tacitly or explicitly incorporated within the data that is being examined (Crabtree, 1999, p. 44). It pays to highlight that the themes that emerge from the analysis of the data are coded for the purposes of examining the relationship that exists between them and the manner in which they impact on the interpretation of the subject matter under study (Creswell, 2007, p. 71). One of the most significant benefits that transpires from the use of the thematic approach is that the construction of empirical models of interpretation emerges from the data itself, rather than being the artificial response to some pre-existing theoretical template. The methodology to be used in this dissertation will emphasise the significant link that exists between the phenomenological facet of qualitative research and the thematic approach (Boyatzis, 1998, p. 98). The perceptual connotations that are attached to the subject matter that is being investigated are of paramount important for the purposes of ascertaining the salience of the themes that are being identified (Wendt, 1992, p. 393). This is an important facet of the methodology to be used in this dissertation. The issues that will be investigated have a great deal of subjectivity attached to them. The evolving nature of these issues entails that the methodology to be employed has to be able to identify the relevant discoursive aspects pertaining to “Brexit,” the identitarian movement and the process of “Europeanisation” (Risse, 2010, p. 32). The fluid nature of the subject of “Brexit” and the concept of national identity in twenty-first century Europe means that the study of the themes identified in the examination of the data will have to employ an inductive approach (Kaufman, 2013, p. 134; Creswell, 2007, p. 60). An inductive orientation to the study of the clash between identitarian undercurrents and the concept of “Europeanisation” will facilitate the identification of the most relevant aspects concerning “Brexit,” without being committed to a strict taxonomical blueprint (Crabtree, 1999, p. 97).

Research aims and questions

The main research hypothesis that will guide the writing of the dissertation is that “Brexit” is a phenomenon that exemplifies in an eloquent manner the clash between the narrative of national identity and the top-down approach to “Europeanisation” instigated by the European Union elite. The research to be carried out in order to investigate this hypothesis will be supplemented by the following research questions. First, what are the specific social, cultural and political elements that inform the “Brexit” narrative and in which way are these differentiated from other identitarian discourses taking place elsewhere in Europe? This research question will be answered by making reference to the will of British electorate to extricate itself from the political aspects of the project of European integration. Second, is “Brexit” the result of rational calculation or the ultimate outcome of a social narrative based on the ontological differentiation between the United Kingdom and the European continent? This research question will be answered by making reference to the discoursive instruments propagated by large segments of the British media and the political establishment in the last twenty years in order to justify the process of disentanglement from the European political project. Third, is “Brexit” indicative of the emergence of a new conception of right-wing politics, based on the idea of a national democracy that is configured according to an indigenous rather than an universalist criterion? This research question will be answered by evaluating the different ways in which right-wing populist movements across Europe react to the process of “Europeanisation” imposed by the European Union.

This dissertation has three main objectives. The first aim of the dissertation is to identify the main factors that drive the clash between “Europeanisation” and the identitarian movement across Europe. In order to do so, this dissertation will examine the main aims of the project of economic and political integration in Europe and the main grievances voiced out by the segments of society willing to see a return to more traditionalist forms of nationhood. The second aim of the dissertation is to establish the main reasons behind the vote to leave the European Union in June 2016. This objective will be fulfilled by examining the social narrative projected by the Leave campaign and the main themes related to the emergence of an identitarian movement in the United Kingdom. The third aim of the dissertation is to explore the mechanisms that sustain the clash between the process of “Europeanisation” and the rise of populist identitarian movements across Europe. In this context, there will be an analysis of the economic, social and cultural disjunctures that were brought forth by the age of globalisation and the process of integration propagated by the European Union.

Chapter outline

The first chapter of the dissertation will tackle the main aspects related to “Brexit” and the process of “Europeanisation” instigated by the European elites. This chapter will also outline the main facets of the concept of national identity in twenty-first century Europe. Chapter two will introduce a literature review of the subjects that are being examined, identifying the gaps that are prevalent in the scholarly research regarding the clash between “Europeanisation” and “national identity.” The literature review will also outline the main tenets of Constructivism as well as the historical and political circumstances that led to the vote to exit the European Union in June 2016. The third chapter of the dissertation will delve into the narrative construction of “Brexit,” looking at the propagation of Eurosceptic rhetorical instruments on large segments of the British media and the political establishment since the signing of the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. Chapter four will analyse the way in which the social narrative propagated by “Brexit” is associated to the rise of an identitarian movement across Europe. This section of the dissertation will examine in which manner this state of affairs has been facilitated by the push for economic and political integration on the part of the European elites. The fifth chapter of the dissertation will tackle the idea of “national democracy,” as a social construct that could end up dictating the tone of right-wing politics in twenty-first century Europe. This section of the dissertation will highlight the idea that the negative impact of the age of globalisation and the process of “Europeanisation” amongst the lower middle class across Europe could prompt the national elites to recalibrate the concept of democracy according to a less inclusive criterion. Chapter six will summarise the findings of the dissertation and outline the main implications of “Brexit” in the context of the clash between populist identitarianism and “Europeanisation” in twenty-first century Europe.

Bibliography

Bootle, R. (2016) The Trouble with Europe: Why the EU isn’t Working, How it Can be Reformed, What Could Take its Place , Nicholas Brealey, London

Boyatzis, R. (1998) Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development , Sage Publication, Thousand Oaks, CA

Burchill, S. (ed.) (2005) Theories of International Relations , Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York

Charter, D. (2012) Au Revoir, Europe: What if Britain left the EU? Biteback Publishing, London

Connolly, B. (2013) The Rotten Heart of Europe: Dirty War for Europe’s Money , Faber & Faber, New York

Crabtree, B (1999) Doing Qualitative Research , Sage, Newbury Park, CA

Creswell, J. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA

Duff, A. (2016) After Brexit: a new association agreement between Britain and Europe , Policy Network, London

Dunt, I. (2016) Brexit: What the Hell Happens Now?: Everything You Need to Know About Britain’s Divorce from Europe , Canbury Press, London

Ford, R. and Goodwin. M. (2014) Revolt in the Right: Explaining support for the radical right in Britain , Routledge, London

Gowland, D. (2016) Britain and the European Union , Routledge, London

Hannan, D. (2017) What Next , Head of Zeus, London

Jackson, R. and Sorensen, G. (2007) Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches , Oxford University Press, Oxford

Kaufman, J. (2013) Introduction to International Relations: Theory and Practice , Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD

Liddle, R. (2014) The Europe Dilemma: Britain and the Challenges of EU Integration , I.B.Tauris, London

MacShane, D. (2016) Brexit: How Britain Left Europe , I.B.Tauris, London

Risse, T. (2010) A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY

Zahariadis, N. (2008) Europeanization As Program Implementation: Effective and Democratic? Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis , Volume 10, Number 3, pp. 221-239

Verhofstadt, G. (2017) Europe’s Last Chance: Why the European States Must Form a More Perfect Union , Basic Books, New York

Wendt, A. (1994) Collective Identity Formation and the International State, The American Political Science Review , Volume 88, Issue 2, pp. 384-396

Wendt, A. (1992) Anarchy is what states make of it: The social construction of power politics, International Organization , 46 (2), pp. 391-425

Zehfuss, M. (2002) Constructivism in International Relations: The Politics of Reality , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

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80 Foreign Policy Research Topics

FacebookXEmailWhatsAppRedditPinterestLinkedInResearch is the cornerstone of academic growth, and for students embarking on their journey toward crafting an undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral thesis or dissertation in the realm of Foreign Policy, the selection of pertinent research topics is paramount. This critical choice sets the trajectory of in-depth exploration, analysis, and contribution to the field. Navigating the […]

Research is the cornerstone of academic growth, and for students embarking on their journey toward crafting an undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral thesis or dissertation in the realm of Foreign Policy, the selection of pertinent research topics is paramount. This critical choice sets the trajectory of in-depth exploration, analysis, and contribution to the field. Navigating the vast foreign policy landscape requires a discerning eye, encompassing the intricate interplay of international relations, diplomacy, economic interactions, security concerns, and much more. In this article, we aim to guide aspiring scholars by presenting a diverse range of compelling and intellectually stimulating foreign policy research topics suitable for various academic levels, providing a springboard for their academic endeavors.

Foreign Policy, also known as “international relations,” “diplomacy,” “global affairs,” and “external affairs,” in its essence, refers to a nation’s approach and strategies in dealing with other countries and international actors. It involves the government’s decisions and actions to safeguard its national interests, promote its values and goals, and interact with the global community.

A List Of Potential Research Topics In Foreign Policy:

Analyzing the influence of non-state actors on foreign policy outcomes.
Assessing the role of trade agreements in shaping economic foreign policy.
Analyzing the shifting dynamics of international alliances in the post-pandemic era.
Investigating the role of digital diplomacy in navigating public health challenges post-COVID.
Investigating the role of public opinion in shaping foreign policy choices.
Examining the role of intelligence cooperation in counterterrorism efforts.
A review of the effectiveness of sanctions as a foreign policy tool in international relations.
Exploring the role of religion in shaping international conflicts and diplomacy.
Examining the role of international legal disputes in diplomatic relations.
Assessing the role of diplomatic negotiations in resolving territorial disputes.
Evaluating the economic ramifications of COVID-19 on emerging markets and global trade.
Assessing the use of economic incentives in promoting diplomatic negotiations.
Assessing Brexit’s impact on the UK’s foreign policy priorities and strategies.
Assessing the UK’s engagement in international humanitarian efforts: A case study analysis.
Investigating the use of international law and agreements in addressing global health crises.
Investigating the impact of refugee crises on foreign policy decision-making.
Investigating the UK’s foreign policy stance towards Russia: Challenges and prospects.
A comparative review of cyber diplomacy frameworks and their integration into foreign policy.
Assessing the role of human rights advocacy in foreign policy decision-making.
A critical review of evolving approaches to multilateral diplomacy in contemporary foreign policy.
A comprehensive review of energy security considerations in contemporary foreign policy.
Investigating the impact of cyber espionage on diplomatic relations.
Analyzing the impact of diplomatic relations on global social stability and development.
A review of counterterrorism policies and their impact on foreign policy priorities and strategies.
Exploring the reshaping of international migration policies post-COVID-19.
Analyzing the role of non-proliferation treaties in preventing nuclear conflict.
Examining the UK’s approach to global climate diplomacy and sustainable development goals.
Studying the evolving strategies of soft power projection in a post-COVID geopolitical landscape.
Examining the dynamics of alliance politics and its impact on foreign policy.
Examining the implications of cyber warfare on global security and diplomacy.
Assessing the role of economic sanctions in achieving foreign policy goals.
Examining the impact of nationalism on foreign policy decision-making.
Examining the geopolitics of energy resources and their influence on foreign policy.
Examining the challenges of diplomacy in the era of social media.
Examining the challenges and opportunities of digital diplomacy in the modern era.
Investigating the effectiveness of economic development assistance in conflict zones.
Investigating the UK’s response to cyber threats: A case study approach.
Investigating the impact of climate change on international relations and cooperation.
Examining the impact of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and foreign policy.
Examining the implications of the pandemic on international crisis response strategies.
Investigating the role of international organizations in conflict resolution and peacekeeping.
A review of the evolving role of international organizations in shaping foreign policy decisions.
Assessing the impact of trade wars on global economic stability.
Investigating the influence of international media on public perceptions of foreign policy.
Assessing the role of soft power in promoting cultural diplomacy.
Assessing the effectiveness of crisis diplomacy in averting international conflicts.
Evaluating the UK’s role in post-Brexit European security and defense policies.
Examining the role of international financial institutions in economic diplomacy.
Analyzing the role of international organizations in pandemic response and preparedness.
Investigating the impact of migration patterns on foreign policy priorities.
Assessing the influence of soft power in shaping foreign policy strategies.
Assessing the impact of energy security concerns on foreign policy decisions.
Studying the implications of the UK-Africa trade agreements on British foreign policy.
An extensive review of public diplomacy in the digital age: Challenges and opportunities.
Analyzing the role of economic interdependence in promoting peace and stability.
Investigating the role of environmental diplomacy in addressing climate change.
Analyzing the impact of economic sanctions on international diplomacy and stability.
Analyzing the role of diaspora communities in influencing foreign policy decisions.
Investigating the role of economic diplomacy in promoting regional stability.
Integrating transparency and accountability in governmental accounting for effective foreign policy implementation.
A critical review of gender mainstreaming in foreign policy and its implications on global relations.
Analyzing the UK’s role in mediating Middle East conflicts: A case study of recent initiatives.
Evaluating the effectiveness of humanitarian interventions in conflict zones.
Investigating the use of propaganda and disinformation in foreign policy strategies.
Analyzing the use of sanctions in response to human rights violations.
Assessing the role of international law in regulating state behavior globally.
Investigating the influence of non-governmental organizations in shaping foreign policy.
Assessing the role of intelligence agencies in shaping foreign policy agendas.
Evaluating the effectiveness of multilateral diplomacy in addressing global challenges.
Examining the use of military interventions in addressing humanitarian crises.
Analyzing the role of international trade agreements in economic diplomacy.
Assessing the influence of the pandemic on climate change policies in global governance.
Investigating the role of private sector actors in shaping foreign policy agendas.
Analyzing the role of international norms in shaping state behavior.
Analyzing the role of intelligence agencies in covert foreign policy operations.
Examining the challenges of humanitarian assistance delivery in conflict zones.
Examining the challenges of nuclear disarmament in the 21st century.
Exploring the role of gender in foreign policy formulation and implementation.
Analyzing the role of intelligence sharing in international counterterrorism efforts.
Evaluating the effectiveness of international arms control agreements in preventing proliferation.

Selecting an appropriate research topic is the cornerstone of a successful academic pursuit. In the realm of Foreign Policy, the chosen research topic sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of international relations, governance dynamics, and global interactions. Whether delving into the nuanced world of diplomatic relations, dissecting the intricacies of economic globalization, or analyzing security paradigms, the richness and diversity of research topics in Foreign Policy present ample opportunities for scholarly growth and contributions across all academic levels. Choose a topic that resonates with your intellectual passions and aligns with your literary ambitions, and let your research unfurl the untrodden paths of knowledge in this dynamic field.

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This paper provides a critical theoretical review of the political factors, which significantly influenced the June 2016 Brexit decision to leave the European Union (EU). This paper also provides a critical investigation of the likely impact of Brexit on certain social, political and economic aspects of the UK landscape. To this end the paper also analyses the effect EU policies on the economy, migration, sovereignty and democracy had on Brexit views. During the 2014 European Parliament elections, the UK Conservative Party haemorrhaged electoral support to the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). During the 2016 Brexit Referendum campaign, the ruling elite had an unfounded expectation that UK citizens would vote to remain in the EU. Under the policy vacuum of no change, the political mantra of UKIP became appealing to an increasing majority in the UK. The failure to ensure that UK citizens were informed of the finalised EU-UK Brexit deal before the referendum took place (as indicated in David Cameron's 2013 Bloomberg speech) will prove to be telling. By August 2018, the rationale that a second referendum should be held was overwhelming. The UK population will experience many of the significant elements of the political threats, which were made during 'project fear'. The reality of post Brexit for many UK people will be quite different to the panacea they envisaged.

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It is difficult to overstate the impact that the 2016 decision by the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) has and will have on the country’s politics and society. The referendum held that year became an opportunity for the crystallisation of various discontents and disaffections—not all of them directly linked to the EU itself—and opened up a substantial rupture within the underlying assumptions of British statecraft. In particular, the self-image of British politics as being driven by pragmatism has hindered—and will continue to hinder—the ability of politicians and society to work a way through these challenges.

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International Relations and Geopolitics Dissertation Topics

Published by Carmen Troy at January 9th, 2023 , Revised On August 16, 2023

Introduction

Are you in search of the best dissertation topics on International Relations and Geopolitics?

To help you get a jump-start at mind-mapping and lifting off with International Relations and Geopolitics dissertation, we have formalized a list of the latest trending topics for you. These international relations and geopolitics dissertation topics have been scrutinised by our highly qualified writers to ensure that they can serve as a basis for your dissertation so that you may select them without any doubt.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting a brief research proposal from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an introduction to the topic, research question , aim and objectives , literature review along with the proposed methodology of research to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

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Review the full list of dissertation topics for 2022 here.

2022 International Relations and Geopolitics Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: russia-israel relationship and its impact on syria and the middle east..

Research Aim: Russia and Israel share significant aspects of their strategic cultures. Both countries have a siege mentality and are led by a security-first mindset and a predominantly military view of authority. p Russia’s relationship with Israel has grown in importance in the context of Russia’s military operation in Syria. This study aims to examine the relations between Russia and Israel and how they have impacted Syria and the middle east—focusing on different policies, agreements, and military interventions.

Topic 2: The Impact of International Refugee Laws on Incidence of Human trafficking- A Case of Refugees on the Eastern EU border

Research Aim: This study aims to find the impact of international refugee laws on the incidence of human trafficking in the Eastern EU border. It will determine whether the international refugee laws have a statistically significant effect on the incidence of human trafficking. Furthermore, it will link EU immigration policies and international refugee laws to show how these encourage or discourage human trafficking. Lastly, it will also recommend how the EU can reduce the incidence of human trafficking through more flexible immigration policies following international refugee laws.

Topic 3: The rise of China as a superpower- Impact on Russia’s relationship with the west.

Research Aim: The Asia-pacific region has become the centre of global economic and political gravity. This region has enormous natural resources, industrial financial and people potential. As the focus of global growth turns to the East, Russia sess Asia-pacific region as the engine of the global economy with rising China as a superpower. This study will focus on the rise of China as a superpower and its impact on Russia’s relations with the Western world, focusing on how Russia is strengthening its ties with China how it is influencing liberal western values.

Topic 4: CPEC- The rising economy of Pakistan

Research Aim: CPEC is a huge international initiative to enhance infrastructure within Pakistan in order to boost commerce with China and further develop the region’s countries. CPEC contributes to the creation of modern transportation infrastructure in Pakistan and makes the country’s economy more competitive in the international market. This study will examine the impact of CPEC on the development of Pakistan’s economy, also focusing on the role of China and Chinese technology in the industrial sector to revolutionise the industrial sector of Pakistan.

Topic 5: The role of cryptocurrencies on international diplomacy.

Research Aim: Taxation., information regulation, and governance all have the potential to be disrupted with significant implications for international politics. This study will analyse the role of cryptocurrency in international diplomacy. Furthermore, it will also focus on how the widespread of digital currencies have the potential to change the world financial system.

2020 Covid-19 International Relations and Geopolitics Research Topics

Topic 1: international relations and covid-19.

Research Aim: This study will address the geopolitical issues and International relations during COVID-19

Topic 2: COVID-19 is a geopolitical instrument

Research Aim: COVID-19 has disturbed everything from health to the world’s economy, and it has also created tensions among the nations of the world. This study will identify whether Coronavirus is a geopolitical instrument or not.

Topic 3: International relations scholars and COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will reveal the opinions and role of international relations scholars and COVID-19

Topic 4: Meta-geopolitics and COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will focus on the meta-geopolitics during the COVID-19 crisis

Topic 5: The global order post Coronavirus pandemic

Research Aim: This study will predict the global order post coronavirus pandemic, including international relations, geopolitics, and geo-economics after COVID-19.

2021 International Relations and Geopolitics Dissertation Titles

Topic 1. what impact would brexit have on the relations between uk and scotland.

Research Aim: the current topic would address the relationship between the United Kingdom and Scotland after the United Kingdom leaves the European Union. It is assumed to significantly impact the ties present between the two regions, as it is considered that the Scottish part would want to exit.

Topic 2. Pakistan-Afghanistan relations post-Taliban-US peace accord vis-à-vis US withdrawal from Afghanistan

Research Aim: the current topic would aim to analyse the Pakistan- Afghanistan relations, especially the role that Pakistan is playing in the smooth exit of the US from Afghanistan. It will also critically review the impact that the US withdrawal will have in influencing the upcoming US elections of 2020.

Topic 3. Legitimising the Taliban in Afghanistan’s combat is likely to change the peace situation in Afghanistan

Research Aim: This research topic will consider the possibilities that the Taliban’s legalisation into Afghanistan will have within Afghanistan and its surroundings. How will it affect the relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan?

Topic 4. Exploring the status of ISIS in Afghanistan post US withdrawal

Research Aim: the current topic would aim to consider the past of ISIS, where it was, the devastation it caused in Syria. It would also analyse the future of ISIS in Afghanistan, especially considering its strong foothold in Afghanistan’s east. It will also put forward the implications of a more robust and growing ISIS presence in the regions and Afghanistan’s international relations with its neighbouring countries.

Topic 5. Possibilities of a domino effect in EU post BREXIT

Research Aim: the current topic aims to study the BREXIT deal. Considering the advantages that Britain thinks it has bagged, how much possibility is Britain creating a domino effect? It will also study the scope of which countries can opt for a BREXIT-like movement and be successful. Most importantly, the research will look into the factors that made the BREXIT deal possible.

Topic 6. The British colonisation of the Indian subcontinent and its after-effects even in the 21st century

Research Aim: The current topic aims to study in-depth the effects that the British colonisation had on the Sub-continent. It will present a detailed analysis of how British East India took over the Indian subcontinent and then gradually went from being traders to rulers. It will explain the after-effects that the British colonisation still has over the minds and culture of the people that now live divided into different countries like Pakistan and India.

Topic 7: Can the issue of Kashmir be the ultimate trigger for India-Pakistan to have a nuclear war? Can the United Kingdom play a key role instead of the US in averting this situation?

Research Aim: The current topic aims to investigate the Kashmir issue and analyze the effect that it is causing on two nuclear holding counties, namely India and Pakistan. Can the recent curfew imposed in Kashmir and revoking their special status trigger a nuclear war between India and Pakistan? Will the UN, and the US, step in as promised to resolve the issue, and will it all be in vain as nuclear war is triggered? Or can the UK play a key role in trying to avert the situation?

Topic 8. Trump’s “vision for peace” and its impact on the European Union and the UK

Research Aim: This research will investigate the scope of the current plan that Trump has put forward to divide Palestine into smaller pieces to resolve the conflict that has been going on for ages. How will this “vision for peace” implicate countries like Jordon, Iran, Egypt, etc.? It will also put forward the impact this plan would have on the rest of the world, especially the Middle East, the greater European Union, and the United Kingdom.

Topic 9. What role is the UK playing in the global warming and increasing energy crisis?

Research Aim: This study will enable the readers to understand that the threat of global warming is real. It is not localised to a specific region, country, or continent. Having said this, the current topic will perform an in-depth analysis of the growing global warming issue and what role the UK is trying to fulfill to curb the problem, raise awareness and promote going green. How big is the UK’s footprint?

Topic 10. Can the African Union be inspired by the BREXIT movement?

Research Aim: the current topic aims to look into the BREXIT movement’s success. The study’s scope will also include possibilities that the BREXIT can inspire the African Union to go their own way. Are there any indicators that this might happen shortly?

Topic 11. Analysis and Implication of US sanctions on Iran

Research Aim: the current topic aims to review the US’s sanctions upon Iran. It will also analyse the implications that the US has to face due to Iranian General Qassim Suleimani. It will explore the possibility that the US has gained the strategic advantage they were looking for or have they angered a sleeping giant. The study will also look into the retaliation strategy of Iran and if it holds any weight. How far will Iran be able to withhold these sanctions before succumbing to US wishes?

Topic 12. Human rights violation in the valley of Kashmir

Research Aim: the current topic aims to study fundamental human rights and the many violations against them in Kashmir. The recent revoking of the Kashmiris’ special status and the curfew imposed by India in the Kashmir valley are all evidence of the many violations of human rights that are happening there. The increasing number of missing persons, kidnapping, sexual and physical abuse are serious human rights violations. Why is the world keeping a shut-eye towards the Kashmiris, and where are the so-called custodians of human rights?

Topic 13. What are the political consequences of the NATO alliance for the UK?

Research Aim: the current topic aims to question the NATO alliance and the political consequences of such an alliance between multiple countries, especially in the UK. NATO might be the biggest known alliance amongst many such countries, and what political and personal gain from the UK’s perspective. The study will address the advantages and disadvantages of being a part of the UK’s NATO alliance.

Topic 14. The effect of terrorist organisations on the international relations of the UK

Research Aim: the current topic aims to explore the effects that a terrorist organisation might have on the UK’s international relations. The example under consideration would be the UK and its dealings with a terrorist plagued country like Pakistan. The study would research how the Taliban of Pakistan adversely affected its international relations and destroyed its image globally while also addressing the remedial steps that Pakistan is taking or has taken to overcome them and refurbish a new image globally. The study will also include how successful they have been in bridging the gap between them and the UK.

Topic 15. Coronavirus and International disease prevention, especially in the UK

Research Aim: this study aims to explore the extent to which Coronavirus has spread starting from China and in a concise amount of time spreading into the different corners of the world. Why was no prevention method applied? The study will implore the need to create better and more effective ways to prevent diseases from spreading across countries. The study’s scope will also include putting forward practices for a more proactive rather than reactive method to disease prevention across nations, especially in the UK. What is the UK doing right to stay and remain safe from the coronavirus?

Topic 16. “Make America Great Again” – an attempt to maintain uni-polarity in the World

Research Aim: the current topic aims to study the central ideology behind the concept of “Make America Great Again.” The world is shifting from uni-polar to multi-polar due to the newly forming alliance between China and Russia. America is trying to preserve its status, but the concern is quite prominent and evident in the slogan of “Make America Great Again”. The study’s scope will include the steps that the US is taking to maintain the status quo. It will also put forth the alliance that Russia and China are forging and the impact that it is having on the US as well as the rest of the world.

Topic 17. The implications of UK-EU and US-China trade wars on developing countries

Research Aim: The current study aims to highlight the impact that the United Kingdom and European Union and the United States and China trade wars have on developing countries’ economies. The study’s scope will include an in-depth analysis of the rising cost of living in such countries, along with the deterioration in the sector of education, health, and GDP per capita. It will also put forward the growing concerns that such developing countries are facing.

Topic 18. The relationship between Canada and the UK

Research Aim: the current topic aims to analyse Canada and the UK’s relationship critically. It is most likely to evolve now that the ex-royal couple is planning to relocate to Canada. How will the terms between Canada and the United Kingdom improve? Will they develop more, or will irreconcilable differences emerge and surface in front of the world.

Topic 19. Prince Harry and Meghan Markel leave the British Crown – How will the monarch be affected?

Research Aim: the current topic aims to study in detail the reasons that might have led to a crowned prince, 7th in line to one of the most powerful thrones in the world have to quit all royal duties and the HRH title. Will Canada accept them? What implications does it have for the taxpayers and the millions of pounds they will save on providing security for the royal couple?

Topic 20. A bright future for more strengthened relationships between the African Union and the European Union

Research Aim: the current topic aims to study in-depth the scope that a strong alliance between the European Union and the African Union will have on eliminating and improving problems in Africa. It will be providing theoretical data supported by facts and statistics. The study’s scope will also examine how developing and investing within Africa will help it overcome the internal and external problems it faces.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service!

Important Notes:

As a student of international relations and geopolitics looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing international relations and geopolitics theories – i.e., to add value and interest in your research topic.

The field of international relations and geopolitics is vast and interrelated to many other academic disciplines like civil engineering , construction , project management , engineering management , healthcare , finance and accounting , artificial intelligence , tourism , physiotherapy , sociology , management , and project management , graphic design , and nursing . That is why it is imperative to create a project management dissertation topic that is articular, sound, and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic based on your entire research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your topic wrong; your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, and there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation as you may end up in the cycle of rejection at the initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

While developing a research topic, keeping our advice in mind will allow you to pick one of the best international relations and geopolitics dissertation topics that fulfill your requirement of writing a research paper and add to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalizing your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please look at some of our sample international relations and geopolitics dissertation topics to get an idea for your own dissertation.

How to Structure your International Relations & Geopolitics Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

A Title Page
Acknowledgements
Declaration
Abstract: A summary of the research completed
Table of Contents
Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature available on the chosen research topic to address research questions . The purpose is to highlight and discuss the selected research area’s relative weaknesses and strengths whilst identifying any research gaps. Break down the topic, and critical terms can positively impact your dissertation and your tutor.
Methodology : The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter which usually includes research design , research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods, and data analysis strategy .
Findings and Analysis : Findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs, charts, and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
Discussion and Conclusion : The researcher presents his interpretation of results in this chapter, and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section of the paper is to draw a linkage between the results and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regards to implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
References : This should be completed following your University’s requirements
Bibliography
Appendices : Any additional information, diagrams, and graphs used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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Acknowledgement

Table of Content

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Conclusions

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Engaging Yet Best Brexit Dissertation Topics Ideas

Table of Contents

List Of Brexit Dissertation Topics In The UK

1. The consequences of Brexit on the political interactions, trade arrangements, and geographical orientation of the United Kingdom within Europe.

2. An Examination of the Present Discourse and Prospective Implications of a Scottish Independence Referendum Amidst the Brexit Chaos

3. Brexit’s Impact on the Peace Process in Northern Ireland: Analyzing the Progress and Obstacles Faced in the Shadow of the Good Friday Agreement and its Implications on the Region’s Political and Geographical Dynamics

4. The Impact of Brexit on the Political Power Dynamics in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland: Assessing the Effects of UK Devolution and Addressing Geographical Inequalities

5. Examining How Brexit is affecting the Geographical Patterns of Immigration in the United Kingdom and Shifting the Political Dynamics of Immigration Policies

6. Examining the Implications Of Brexit On The Complex Sovereignty Dispute Over Gibraltar And The Escalating Tensions Surrounding The Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

7. Exploring the Influence of Politics and Geography on Urban Planning and Regional Development Initiatives in the United Kingdom in the Post-Brexit Era

8. Determining the Influence of Brexit and Political Decisions on the Management of Natural Resources in Geographic Regions of United Kingdom

9. The Analysis of Brexit on the Electoral Landscape United Kingdom and their Geographical Implications with respect to Political Party Support and Representation.

10. To Scrutinise the Role of Brexit on UK’s Global Alliances and their Influence on its Political Decisions and Geographical Orientation

11. Investigating the Brexit’s Impact on Political Endeavours to Safeguard and Preserve Natural Landscape and Wildlife Habitats in United Kingdom

12. Exploring the Political and Geographical Ramifications of Brexit on Maritime Conflicts in the North Sea: Examining its Impact on the UK-EU Relationship

13. Brexit and The United Kingdom’s Transition to Sustainable Energy Sources: Exploring Political and Geographical Factors.

14. Analysing the Effects of Recent Border Controls Implemented in the Irish Sea in the Context of Brexit

15. Exploring the Impact of Brexit on the UK’s Geopolitical Position and Resource Development Activities in the Arctic Region, and Prospects for Cooperation with Other Arctic States.

16. Determining the Influence of Brexit on Devolution Process and Autonomy of Wales

17. Exploring the Effects of Brexit on Political Dynamics of Transportation Infrastructure Initiatives and its Effect on Regional Connectivity and Socioeconomic Progress.”

18. Political and Geographical Dimensions of Cybersecurity Threats and Vulnerabilities in the United Kingdom following Brexit.

19. Understanding the Influence of Brexit on Immigration Trends and Policies in the Geographic Distribution of Various Populations in the United Kingdom

20. Exploring the Changing Landscape of Geographical Disparities in Healthcare Accessibility, Economic Fallout, and Regional Responses amidst Brexit and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

21. The Impact of Brexit on the UK business relations and with the EU and beyond

22. Investigating Brexit and its effects on Financial Services in London

23. Impact of Brexit and the Northern Ireland Border Issue

24. Analysing the rights of Brexit and EU Nationals in the UK

25. Evaluating Brexit and the Fisheries Industry in the UK

26. Analysing the Brexit and the Scottish Independence Debate

27. Analysing the impact of Brexit and Environmental Policy in the UK

28. Evaluating Brexit and Its Influence on Higher Education in the UK

29. Brexit and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Regulatory and Trade Implications

30. Analysing the Brexit and the Irish Peace Process

31. Impact of Brexit and Agricultural Policy in the UK”

32. Brexit and the European Arrest Warrant: Implications for Law Enforcement”

33. Brexit and EU Competition Policy: Implications for Business

34. “Investigating Brexit and the Media: Shaping Public Opinion

35. Assessing Brexit and the Impact on EU Citizens Living in the UK”

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